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Key Concepts
• Heating and cooling can cause materials to change characteristics, such as state, color, and texture.
• Heating causes ice to become liquid water and cooling causes condensation to form on a window, mirror, or on the outside of a glass of water.
• We can predict the changes to matter caused by heating and cooling.
Solids• In a solid, particles are locked into fixed
positions. The particles of a a solid are moving, but they vibrate in place.
• Solids have an exact shape and volume.
• Rocks, ice cubes, desks, chairs, bowling balls, pencils are all examples of solids.
Liquids• When heat is added to a solid, its particles begin to
vibrate faster. • Eventually, its particles vibrate so much that they start
to move around each other.• The solid melts and becomes a liquid.• Since the particles in liquids can move around each,
liquids can change shape easily and be poured.• Liquids take the shape of the container they are in, but
their volume stays the same.• Orange juice, milk, water, soda, etc. are all examples
of liquids.
Gases• If heat is added to a liquid, its particles
move around even faster. • Eventually, its tiny particles move so
rapidly that they spread out in all directions as a gas.
• A gas has no definite shape or definite volume. It fills up whatever space it has.
• Oxygen, helium, carbon dioxide are examples of gases.
Changes in the States of Matter
Water clearly shows how heating and
cooling change the state of matter by melting, freezing, evaporating, and
condensing.
Changes in the States of Matter- Water
• Water can take 3 different forms:
solid, liquid, or gas.
Ice is water in the solid state.
As heat is added, it melts
into a liquid- water.
If more heat is added, the
particles move faster and
faster until they evaporate,
creating a gas.
Melting• When a solid turns to a liquid because
head has been added. – Heat melts the ice to a new state-liquid water– (other examples-Crayons, chocolate, plastic,
butter)• What happens when you leave ice on the sidewalk in the
summertime?
Evaporation• When more heat is added, a liquid turns to
a gas – As the liquid is heated and the particles move
faster, it turns to a gas.– (Ex. When the sun heats the pavement and it
dries quickly after a summer rain, puddles disappearing)
When you boil water on the stove what do you think will happen? Do you think that will always happen?
Condensation• When a gas turns to a liquid because heat
has been taken away.– Particles become cooler, move slower and
form a liquid– (Ex. When water droplets form on the outside of
a glass of cold ice water. These droplets are actually water vapor from the air that has been cooled down by the glass)
» When you wake up and there are droplets on the car’s windshield, what do you think happened? Did it get colder overnight?
Freezing• When a liquid turns to a solid because
move heat more heat has been removed.– If a liquid gets cold enough, the particles
begin to slow down and freeze. – (Ex. When water turns to ice)
Elena placed 150 grams of water into the freezer. She wanted to see if freezing the water would change its mass. How will the mass of the water be affected when the water freezes?
A. The mass will be greater.B. The mass will be smaller.C. There will no longer be a mass.D. There will be no change to the mass.
Let’s Review
Which of these must happen before an ice cube can begin to melt?
A. Heat must be added to the ice cube.
B. Water vapor must form around the ice cube.
C. The air pressure around the ice cube must increase.
D. The ice cube must be separated from any other cubes.
Let’s Review
The picture shows the process of —
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. melting
D. freezing
Let’s Review
This diagram represents water in a container. What process is taking place?
A. Freezing
B. Evaporation
C. Melting
D. Condensation
Let’s Review