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SUDAN
Key Habitats, Living resources and Environmental Impacts in the Sudanese Red Sea
Introduction
• TheSudaneseRedseaislocatedatthecentralpartoftheRedSeawithacoast-lineextendingforupto750km.
Key Habitats • Mangroves:ThreemangrovespecieshavebeenreportedintheSu-danesecoastwithAvi-cennia marinabeingthepredominantspecies.• Seagrasses:10speciesofseagrasseswerere-cordedintheSudaneseRedSeawithvarying
densitieshavebeenidentified.• Coralreefs:Threetypesofcoralreefsin-cludingfringingreefs(1-3kmwide),Barrierreefs(1-14kmwide)andAtollreefsi.e.Sanganebatoll.
Marine living resources • Fishes:Morethan250coralreefsfisheshavebeenreportedincludingcommercialfishesi.e.Groupers(Plectropomus macu-latus),Snappers(Lutjanus gibbus),Barra-cudaandMackerels
• Sharks:Morethan20speciesofsharkshavebeenidentifiedmainlyScallopedham-merheadwhitetipsharkSilvertip,grey,silkyandwhalesharks.
• Rays:Mainlymantarays(Mantabirostries&M.alfredil)areknowntooccurform-ingmassiveaggregations(duringbreedingseason)particularlyinnorthernpartofthecoast.
• Ornamentalfishes:Over240speciesbe-longingtoabout26familiesofornamentalfishesrecognizedi.e.Angelfish,Butterflyfish,Damselfishes,SweetlipsEmperos&Parrotfishes.
Invertebrate fauna • Corals(Cnidaria):Morethan200coralspe-ciesbelongingtomorethan35generawereencounteredindicatinghighcoraldi-versity.
•Mollusks:Over250speciesofshellmolluskswereclassifiedandassessed(snails,oys-ters,limpets,clams&mussels).Mainly:Mother-of-pearloysters(Pinctada margar-alitifera),Trochus spp. Trochus dentatus, Stormbus(S. tricornis),Tridacna(giantclam).
• Crustaceans:morethan60speciesofcrus-taceanshavebeenidentifiedandquanti-fiedparticularly:> Shrimps(prawns):8speciesofcommer-cialshrimpswererecordednotablyPe-naeus spp.
> Lobsters:Threespeciesoflobsters(Pan-ulirus spp.)arefoundtobemostcom-monspeciallyPanulirus penicillatus.
• Echinoderms:almost9speciesofseacu-cumberwerefoundtobeabundantmainlyHolothuria spp
Globally important key species • SudaneseCoastharborssomeinternationalimportantandthreatenedkeyspeciesin-cluding:I.Sirenianmammalssuchasdugongs(Dug-
ong dugon)II.Cetaceansmammalsi.e.Dol-phins(Dolphinus dolphis)andpilotwahales
III.Turtles:4speciesmainlyGreenturtles(Chelonia mydas)
IV.Seabirds:Morethan20speciesofseabirdsCrestedtrens(Sterna spp.),whitecheekedtern(Sterna repressa),brownnoody(Sula lecogastor)
Environmental Impacts• Themainthreatsfacinghabitatsandma-rinelifeinclude:> Destructionofhabitats(throughland-fill-inganddredging).
> Environmentaldegradationfrompetro-leumindustry.
> Risksfrommarinetransportation> Varioustypesofpollutionfromindustrialandurbanactivities.
> Over-exploitationoflivingresources.
InternationalOceanographicData and InformationExchange
Dr. A’GADIR D. ELHAG Director of Institute of Marine Research
Red Sea University Port Sudan P .O.Box . 24 - Sudan
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