Key Issues 3&4 - Religion

On your desk: Ch 6 notes, writing utensil

Today’s agenda: 1. quiz 2. color map

3. begin Key Issue 3 notes and photo assignment 4. Current events

Link to animated map

http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of-religion.html

Sikhism linkhttp://www.sikhcoalition.org/documents/SikhAwarenessPresentationforHighSchool-AdultAudience.pdf

Key Issue 3: Why do Religions Organize Space in Distinctive Patterns?

I. Places of worship

II. Sacred space

III. Administration of space

Christian Churches

Play a more prominent role in Christianity than mosques or temples do in Islam or Judaism

Church seen as an expression of religious principles…a “sacred” site

Usually the most “important”, most recognizable building, especially in small townsThere are many different architectural styles seen in churches b/c of the different denominations

Orthodox architecture

Islamic Mosques

Hindu sacred space

Temples are home to one or more gods… but most worship takes place in the home.

Indonesia—Shiva temple

Buddhist and Shintoist

Not houses of worship---but do often contain a relic ( portion of Buddha’s body or clothing).

Shinto shrines – notable for the lack of tiers (layers) found on Buddhist temples

Golden Pagoda in Myanmar

Pagoda in Thailand

Taipei 101 in Taiwan – tallest building in the world since 2004. Style reflects religious influences of Buddhism

What religion is most likely dominant where this building is located?

Milan Il Duomo

Notre Dame, France

Adinath Jain Temple in Ranakpur, India

Religion: Jainism

Things to Note

Christianity and Islam view the uses churches & mosques differently

Christians: churches as “sanctified” or “holy”Muslims: mosques only as a location for communal worship

In Asian religions (Buddhism, Hinduism, etc), worship is generally less communal and more individual

Thus pilgrimages to sacred sites such as lakes, mountains, etc. These are communal expressions

Daily worship is at home and with family

Burial PracticesSacred SpacesSacred Spaces

- Monotheistic religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism) bury their dead

- As an aspect of sacred space these areas can take up significant pieces of land, impacting the physical and cultural landscape

- Cremation generally practiced by Hindus…considered an act of purification

Cremation in Hinduism

Native American burial canoe.

Native American burial mound in WV

Place Names (Toponyms) in Québec

Fig. 6-12: Place names in Québec show the impact of religion on the landscape. Many cities and towns are named after saints.

Place Names in the U.S. Roman Catholic / Spanish

San Francisco, CA

San Antonio, TX

San Diego, CA

Santa Ana, CA

Santa Fe, NM

Roman Catholic / FrenchSt. Louis, MO St. George, Wisc St. Clair, Wisc La Crosse, Virginia

• Protestant - New Harmony, Ind- Bethlehem, PN- Palestine, TX- Economy, Penn- Mount Zion, TX- New Jerusalem, Penn- Salem, Mass

Administration of Space

Universalizing religions put more importance on connectivity between places of worship to ensure communication and consistency

What is a hierarchical religion?Roman Catholic Hierarchy:

Pope -> Archbishops -> Diocese -> Parish

Roman Catholic Hierarchy in U.S.

Fig. 6-13: The Catholic Church divides the U.S. into provinces headed by archbishops. Provinces are divided into dioceses, headed by bishops.

Latter Day Saints (Mormons) have central power and divide the land of the US specifically for their religious purposes and organization.

Autonomous Religions

Islam and Christian-Protestant religions have no central authority, but interact and cooperate locally.

Ethnic Religions

No Central Control

Thursday 01-12-2012On your desk: ch 6 notes, writing utensil

Agenda: notes, video, partner workQuiz next class: Key Issues 3 & 4Test next Thursday: Ch 6 Photo assignment due next class.

Warm-up: Discuss with a neighbor—why would different religious groups come into conflict with each other?

First Quiz of term= corrections for half credit.

Due by Test Day

Key Issue 4: Why do territorial conflicts arise among religious

groups?Religion vs. government policies

Religion vs. social change

Religion vs. Communism

Religion vs. religionReligious wars in the Middle East

Religious wars in Ireland

Religion vs. social changeConflict between religious values and modernization?

To participate in a global economy, many less developed countries adopt “western” values and beliefs. In areas not predominately Christian, this can threaten local religions.

Rise in fundamentalism.

What’s that mean?

A literal interpretation and a strict and intense adherence to basic principles of a religion (or religious branch, denomination, or sect).

Religion vs. social changeTaliban v. Western Values

History:

Taliban had been important religious organization in Afghanistan for nearly 1400 years before becoming the rulers of the country in 1996.

The Taliban was actually supported by the United States because they were seen as a better solution than an invading Russian army (remember the Cold War)

Once in power, the Taliban imposed strict religious law banning any “western” values. Men were beaten for shaving their beards and stoned for committing adultery, homosexuals buried alive, prostitutes hanged in front of large audiences, thieves had their hands cut off, women wearing nail polish had their fingers cut off.

Many Islamic scholars criticized the Taliban for being poorly educated in Islamic law and history, and for misinterpreting the Quran

One Taliban list of prohibitions included:“pork, pig, pig oil, anything made from human hair, satellite dishes, cinematography, and equipment that produces the joy of music, pool tables, chess, masks, alcohol, tapes, computers, VCRs, television, anything that propagates sex and is full of music, wine, lobster, nail polish, firecrackers, statues, sewing catalogs, pictures, Christmas cards.They also prohibited employment, education, and sports for women, dancing, clapping during sports events, kite flying, and depictions of living things, whether drawings, paintings, photographs, stuffed animals, or dolls. Men were required to have a beard longer than a fist placed at the base of the chin. Conversely, they had to wear their head hair short. Men were also required to wear a head covering.

Burqa

veiling

The mother of seven children had been found guilty of killing her husband while he slept, after allegedly being beaten by him She was executed in front of her children. Soccer was banned as a Western sport, and fields used for public executeions.

Taliban also destroyed Buddhist statues that had been built centuries before.

Religion vs. social changeReligion vs Communism:In Soviet Union:Marx called religion “the opium of the people”Religious doctrine was a potential threat to the success of the communist revolutionIn East & Southeast Asian countries:Buddhism discouraged by communist governmentsReligious relics have been destroyed, or been allowed to deteriorate

Religion v. ReligionIreland

Protestant Northern Ireland (UK) against Catholic Republic of Ireland

After separation in 1949 Roman Catholics remaining in the north were often discriminated against, which led to protests and demonstrations

Peace agreements implemented in 1999

Fig. 6-17: Percent Protestant population by district in Ireland, 1911.

Religious conflict in the Middle EastAll three monotheistic religions place huge importance on the city of Jerusalem and the holy sites within the city

Brief history:

Shortly after the founding of Islam, Muslims conquered much of the Middle East, including Palestine and Jerusalem, converting many people from Christianity to Islam

The Crusades were an effort by Christians to reclaim the Holy Land lasting about 150 years with little success

Area has been under Islamic control for 1400 years

Jerusalem

Fig. 6-14: The Old City of Jerusalem contains holy sites for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Christian

Church of the Holy Sepulcher

Islam’s 3rd Holiest SiteJudaism’s Holiest Site

Reading Time!

Silently read the articles and answer the questions.

Look at the Bubble Map on the back.

Take notes from the video and your packet to fully fill in the bubble map.

Daily grade.

Israeli-Palestinian ConflictHistory:Area of present day Israel and Palestinian territories was part of the Ottoman Empire until 1918. The area was mostly populated by Palestinians, who had lived in the region for nearly 2,000 years.1918 – Great Britain gains control of Palestine and promises both Palestinian Arabs and Zionist Jews their own homeland in the area.Balfour Declaration, 1917: set aside Palestinian land for Jewish homeland

– "view[ed] with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."

Protests, violence between Palestinians and Jewish immigrants began to increase as immigration increased.

1947 – After 6.5 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust, there was very strong world-wide support for the creation of a Jewish homeland.

U.N. Partition Plan – Israeli land to be about 55% of Palestine, Palestine to keep remaining 45% of land

Jews only made up about 30% of the population

Boundary Changes in Palestine/Israel

Fig. 6-15: The UN partition plan for Palestine in 1947 contrasted with the boundaries that were established after the 1948–49 War. Major changes later resulted from the 1967 War.

Reading and Bubble Map

Read the articles, answering the questions as you go.

Summarize/Categorize the information that you gather into the given bubble map.

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict4 Wars:1948: Israel declares independence and is attacked by surrounding Arab countries of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria.1956: Suez Crisis1967: Six Days War – Israel gains Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt, West Bank for Jordan, and Golan Heights from Syria1973: Joint attack on Israel by Egypt and Syria; led to Camp David Accords, Egypt recognizing Israel’s right to exist.

The West Bank: Political and Physical Geography

Fig. 6-16: Political control of the West Bank has been split between Palestinians and Israelis (though under overall Israeli control). The West Bank includes many of the higher altitude areas of the region.

Make a statement about the land allocated to the Palestinians over time….

On a sheet of paper

Create bubble maps for each religion.

Write the religion in the center

Fill in facts surrounding it including: origin/founder, universalizing/ethnic, relative location, diffusion, holy book, mono/polytheistic, conflicts, sacred space, etc. Go through key issues and organize-categorize by religion.

Share Bubbles with partners.

Test Next Class..

Re-read through notes/packet.

Study vocabulary

Study maps of world religion and diffusion

Study and correct first quiz--

Study bubble maps