Key results from the survey on organic agriculture worldwide 2011Part 2: Crop and land use data

Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland, in cooperation with the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements IFOAM

Supported by: Swiss State Secretariat of Economic Affairs, International Trade Centre, NürnbergMesse

Data as published February 2011 in The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2011For updates check www.organic-world.net

Contact: Helga Willer, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland, helga.willer@fibl.orghttp://www.organic-world.net/presentations-2011.html

www.fibl.org

The Global Survey on Organic Agriculture: Supporters

› International Trade Centre, Geneva

› The Swiss State Secretariat of Economic Affairs SECO, Berne

› Nürnberg Messe, the organizers of the BioFach Organic Trade Fair

www.fibl.org

The World of Organic Agriculture 2011

› The 12th edition of ‚The World of Organic Agriculture‘, was published by FiBL and IFOAM in February 2011.*

› Contents:› Results of the survey on organic agriculture

worldwide;› Organic agriculture in the regions and country

reports;› Armenia, Australia, Canada, Chile, China,

Costa Rica, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Pacific Islands, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, United States and Ukraine.

› Chapters on the global market, standards & legislations, voluntary standards and organic beekeeping

› Numerous tables and graphs. › The book can be ordered via IFOAM.org and

shop.FiBL.org. › *Willer, H, and Kilcher, L. (2011) The World of

Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2011. IFOAM, Bonn, and FiBL, Frick

www.fibl.org

Website www.organic-world.net

› Detailed statistics in excel format (in progress)

› Graphs & Maps› Data revisions› News and

background information

www.fibl.org

About this presentation

› This presentations summarizes the key results of the FiBL/IFOAM survey on organic agriculture worldwide 2011 (data 2009). In addition key results on crop and on regional data are presented.

› More information is available at the password area of www.organic-world.net

› The presentations has 4 main chapters:1. Data background and key data on organic agriculture: Land,

producers, market data 2009

2. Organic agriculture in developing countries 2009

3. Land use and key crops in organic agriculture 2009

4. Organic agriculture in the regions

www.fibl.org

Definition of organic areas

Distribution of agricultural and non-

agricultural areas 2009

47%53%

Agricultural land

Non agricultural areas

› Agricultural land (37.2 million hectares in 2009)› Cropland

› Arable land (cereals, vegetables etc.)› Permanent crops (fruit, grapes,

olives …)› Cropland, no details (=arable land

and permanent crops)

› Permanent grassland› Other agricultural land

› Non-agricultural areas (41.9 million hectares)› Wild collection/Bee keeping› Forest› Aquaculture› Grazing areas on non-agricultural

land

www.fibl.org

World: Use of organic agricultural land 2009 (total: 37.2 million hectares)

14.8%

3.1%

6.5%

61.7%

1.1%

12.7%

Arable land

Permanent crops

Cropland, no details

Permanent grassland

Other

Agricultural land, nodetails

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Main land use types in organic agriculture 2009

› The chart of the share of land use types in the geographical regions shows: › For a large part of the organic

agricultural land in both Africa and Asia, land use information is not available. In addition, for Asia (mainly China) no details on the uses of the cropped land are available.

› Africa has a large proportion of permanent crops; these are mainly cash crops such as coffee, tropical fruit and olives.

› Europe and North America use about half of their organic

agricultural land as grassland, and the other half is arable land. In Europe the share of permanent crops is higher than in North America, mainly due to olives and vines grown in the Mediterranean countries.

› Latin America has little arable land compared to the large grazing areas (Uruguay and Argentina). It has a comparatively high share of permanent crops (mainly coffee).

› Oceania is characterized by the large grazing areas of Australia. The Pacific Islands produce a large range of tropical crops; New Zealand produces a lot of fruit.

www.fibl.org

Agricultural land use by geographical region in organic agriculture 2009

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Africa Asia Europe LatinAmerica

NorthAmerica

Oceania World

Agricultural land andcrops, no details

Other agricultural land

Permanent grassland

Cropland, no details

Permanent crops

Arable crops

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

World: Use of organic agricultural land 2009 (total: 37.2 million hectares)

Distritbution of main agricultural land use types 2008

14.8%

3.1%

6.5%

61.7%

1.1%

12.7%

Arable land Permanent cropsCropland, no details Permanent grasslandOther Agricultural land, no details

The main arable crops 2009

204222

4461'843

2'438

0 1'000 2'000 3'000

Protein cropsVegetables

OilseedsGreen fodder

Cereals

Thousands of hectares

The main permanent crops 2009

191200

264494

545

0 200 400 600

GrapesNuts

CocoaOlivesCoffee

Thousands of hectares

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Land use types in organic agriculture: 2008 and 2009 compared

1.95

4.88

22.27

2.43

5.52

22.99

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Permanent crops

Arable land

Permanent grassland

Million hectares

2009

2008

FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011

+ 3 %

+ 13 %

+ 24 %

www.fibl.org

Key crop groups in organic agriculture: 2008 and 2009 compared

15'483

54'218

57'638

100'594

132'156

150'536

174'894

209'866

165'058

432'189

463'500

2'203'093

43'321

56'808

64'696

91'022

161'599

190'850

200'171

222'233

264'468

493'841

545'368

2'438'465

0 500'000 1'000'000 1'500'000 2'000'000 2'500'000 3'000'000

Coconut

Sugarcane

Citrus fruit

Fruit, temperate

Fruit, tropical…

Grapes

Nuts

Vegetables

Cocoa

Olives

Coffee

Cereals + 11%

+ 17%

+ 14%

+ 14%

+ 6%

+ 27%

+ 14%

+ 22%

-10%

+12%

+5%

+180%

FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on data from governments, the private organic sector and certifiers

www.fibl.org

Organic grassland/grazing areas 2009

› With a total of at least 23 million hectares, the organic grassland/grazing areas constitute almost two thirds or 61.7 percent of the organic agricultural land.

› The organic grassland/grazing areas account for 0.4 percent of the world’s total organic grassland/grazing areas .

› An increase of 0.7 million hectares or 3.2 percent was reported compared with 2008.

› Half of the organic organic grassland/grazing areas is located in Oceania (51.1 percent of the organic grassalnd/grazing area or 11.8 million hectares), followed by Latin America (23 percent or 5.3 million hectares) and Europe 18 percent or 4.2 million hectares).

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Organic permanent grassland/grazing areas by geographical region 2009 (total 23 million hectares)

51.1%

23.0%

18.2%

5.0%2.6% 0.1% Oceania

Latin America

Europe

North America

Asia

Africa

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Organic arable land 2009

› With a total of at least 5.5 million hectares, arable land constitutes 15 percent of the organic agricultural land.

› The organic arable land accounts for 0.4 percent of the world’s total arable land.

› An increase of 13.2 percent was reported. › Most of the organic arable land is located in Europe (3.7

million hectares), followed by North America (more than 1.3 million) and Latin America (170’000 hectares).

› Most of this category of land is used for cereals including rice (2.5 million hectares), followed by green fodder from arable land (1.8 million hectares) and vegetables (0.22 million hectares).

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Organic arable land by geographical region 2009 (total 5.5 million hectares)

67.2%

23.8%

3.7%3.1% 2.2%

Europe

North America

Asia

Latin America

Africa

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Organic arable land worldwide by main crop types 2009 (total 5.5 million hectares)

33.4%

44.2%8.1%

4.0%3.7% 6.5% Cereals

Green fodder fromarable land

Oilseeds

Vegetables

Protein crops

Others

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Permanent cropland 2009

› Permanent crops account for approximately six percent of the organic agricultural land, amounting to 2.4 million hectares, which is 1.7 percent of the world’s permanent cropland.

› Compared with the previous survey (data 2008), almost half a million hectares more were reported.

› With 6.5 percent, permanent cropland has a higher share in organic agriculture than in total agriculture, where it accounts for approximately three percent of the agricultural land.

› Most of the permanent cropland is in Europe (1 million hectares), followed by Latin America (0.75 million hectares) and Africa (0.45 million hectares).

› The most important crops are coffee (with 0.54 million hectares reported, constituting one-fifth of the organic permanent cropland), followed by olives (0.49 million hectares), cocoa (0.26 million hectares), nuts (0.2 million hectares), and grapes (0.19 million hectares).

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Organic permanent cropland by geographical region 2009 (total 2.4 million hectares)

41.6%

29.5%

18.6%

7.5%2.7% 0.1%

Europe

Latin America

Africa

Asia

North America

Oceania

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Organic permanent cropland worldwide by main crop groups 2009 (total 2.4 million hectares)

22.5%

20.3%

10.9%8.2%

7.9%

30.2%Coffee

Olives

Cocoa

Nuts

Grapes

Others

Source: FiBL & IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Organic citrus fruit 2009

› The area of organic citrus fruits includes oranges, lemons and limes, grapefruit and pomelos and ‘other citrus fruits’.

› At least 65’00 hectares of citrus fruit are grown organically worldwide.

› This constitutes 0.7 percent of the world’s citrus area of 8.7 million hectares (FAOSTAT, data 2008).

› The countries with the largest organic citrus areas are: Italy, South Africa and Mexico.

› As no crop details were available for some of the world’s leading citrus producers - China, Brazil, Nigeria and India, in that order of importance - it can be assumed that the world figures for areas under organic citrus are higher.

www.fibl.org

Organic citrus area: The ten countries with the largest areas 2009

410652804

2'0444'1954'763

5'6926'0246'689

32'106

0 10'000 20'000 30'000

Uruguay (2006)Costa Rica

TurkeyGreece

Cuba (2008)Spain

USA (2008)Mexico (2008)

South AfricaItaly

Hectares

FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national sources

www.fibl.org

Organic citrus fruit: Growth of the organically managed land 2004-2009

28'59533'793

40'460

50'258

57'63864'696

0

20'000

40'000

60'000

80'000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Hec

tare

s

Source: FiBL, IFOAM & SOEL Surveys 2006-2012

www.fibl.org

Organic cereals 2009

› In 2009, 2.4 million hectares of cereals were under organic management.

› This is an increase of 0.2 million hectares compared with 2008, when 2.2 million hectares were grown organically.

› The countries with the largest organic cereal areas are the US, Italy and Canada.

› As some of the world’s large cereal producers (such as India, China and the Russian Federation) did not provide land use details, it can be assumed that the area is actually larger.

› 0.3 percent of the total cereal area is under organic management (according to FAO 709 million hectares of cereals were harvested in 2008).

› Some countries are, however, reaching higher shares: Austria (8 percent), Portugal (7.3 percent), Sweden (7.3 percent), Lithuania (6.4 percent) or Italy 6.2 percent.

24

www.fibl.org

Organic cereals: The ten countries with the largest areas 2009

77'473

89'614

103'928

115'660

134'080

183'458

201'800

207'191

251'906

367'420

0 100'000 200'000 300'000

Poland

Austria

France

Turkey

Ukraine

Spain

Germany

Canada

Italy

USA (2008)

Hectares

FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national sources

www.fibl.org

Organic cocoa 2009

› At least 265'000 hectares of organic cocoa were grown organically in 2009.

› The countries with the largest cocoa area are Sierra Leone, Mexico and Ecuador.

› Compared with 2008, there was an increase of 90'000 hectares. Most of the growth took place in Sierra Leone, where 50'000 hectares more were reported.

› 3.1 percent of the world’s harvested cocoa bean area of 8.7 million hectares are organic. (FAOSTAT, 2008 data).

› The world’s leading coca producers are Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Indonesia and Brazil, but data on the organic cocoa area were not available for all these countries.

26

www.fibl.org

Organic cocoa area: The ten leading countries 2009

3'339

3'532

3'666

3'919

14'796

15'857

45'158

53'634

115'432

0 40'000 80'000 120'000

Ghana

Sao Tome and Principe

Nicaragua

Tanzania, United Republic of

Mexico (2008)

Peru

Ecuador

Sierra Leone

Dominican Republic

Hectares

FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011 based on national sources

www.fibl.org

Organic coffee 2009

› At least 0.545 million hectares of coffee were grown organically in 2009.

› This constitutes 4.6 percent of the world’s harvested coffee area of 9.7 million hectares (FAOSTAT, data 2008).

› The largest organic coffee areas are in Mexico, Ethiopia and Peru.

› These countries are also reaching high shares of the total harvested coffee area: Ethiopia: 26.6 percent; Mexico 24.5 percent, Peru: 23.5 percent.

› Compared with 2008, the organic coffee area grew by 80'000 hectares.

› Data on the organic area were not available for all major coffee-producing countries (the leading producers are Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Colombia and Viet Nam).

28

www.fibl.org

Organic coffee area 2009: The ten countries with the largest areas

11'048

12'257

17'162

17'878

24'750

26'104

31'580

78'441

108'414

185'193

0 100'000 200'000 300'000

Colombia

Nicaragua

Dominican Republic

Sierra Leone

Timor-Leste

Tanzania (2008)

Indonesia

Peru

Ethiopia

Mexico (2008)

Hectares

FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national data

www.fibl.org

Organic grape area 2009

› More than 190’000 hectares of organic grapes* were grown in 2009.

› The main countries in which grapes are grown are the countries of the Mediterranean, with Spain being the largest grower, followed by Italy and France.

› More than three quarters of the organic grape area are in Europe. › This is approximately 2.6 percent of the world’s total harvested

grape area (7.4 million hectares, FAOSTAT 2008 data).› The highest percentage for organic grapes is in Greece and Italy

(both 6.3 percent), followed by Austria 5.3 percent). › The organic grape area grew by 26 percent in 2009 and by almost

200 percent between 2000 and 2009.

* Including in-conversion areas

www.fibl.org

Organic grapes: Regional distribution of the organic area 2009

88%

6%3% 1% 1% 1%

Europe

Northern America

Latin America

Asia

Africa

Oceania

Source: FiBL and IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Organic grapes: Distribution of the organic area by country 2009

34%

27%

24%

7%

5% 3%

Spain Italy

France USA (2008)

Turkey Others

Source: FiBL and IFOAM Survey 2011

www.fibl.org

Organic grapes: The ten countries with the largest areas 2009

3'218

3'489

3'513

4'700

4'874

7'719

11'448

39'146

43'614

53'959

0 20'000 40'000 60'000

Austria

Moldova

Argentina

Germany

Greece

Turkey

USA (2008)

France

Italy

Spain

Hectares

FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national sources

www.fibl.org

Organic grapes: The ten countries/areas with the highest shares 2009

2.6%

2.6%

3.0%

3.6%

4.7%

4.8%

4.9%

5.5%

5.6%

7.1%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8%

Moldova

World

United States of America

Czech Republic

Germany

France

Spain

Italy

Greece

Austria

Source: FiBL and IFOAM Survey 2011, based on national data; shares calculated with FAOSTAT data

www.fibl.org

Development of the organic grape area worldwide 2000-2009 (including in-conversion areas)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

68,3

80

83,4

56

83,5

67

83,2

38

87,5

77

101,

159

113,

859

122,

171

150,

550 19

0,61

4

Hec

tare

s

Source: FiBL 2000-2011

www.fibl.org

Development of the organic grape area 2000-2009 in Spain (including in-conversion areas)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

10,8

04

11,8

41

16,0

38

16,4

53

14,9

28

15,9

91

16,8

32

17,1

89

30,8

56

53,9

59

Hec

tare

s

Source: MARA 1999-2010

www.fibl.org

Development of the organic grape area 2000-2009 in Ìtaly (including in-conversion areas)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

31,2

49

44,1

75

37,3

79

31,7

09

31,1

70

33,8

85

37,6

93

36,6

84

40,4

80

43,6

14

Hec

tare

s

Source: SINAB 2000-2011

www.fibl.org

Development of the organic grape area 2000-2009 in France (including in-conversion areas)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

12,3

64

13,4

26

15,0

13

16,2

59

16,4

28

18,1

33

18,8

08

22,5

09 28,1

90

39,1

46

Hec

tare

s

Source: Agence Bio 2000-2011

www.fibl.org

Organic olives 2009

› Almost 490’000 hectares of organic olives were grown in 2009.

› This is approximately 4.7 percent of the world’s total harvested olive area (10.6 million hectares, FAOSTAT data from 2008).

› The main countries in which olives are grown are the countries of the Mediterranean, Italy, Spain and Tunisia.

› The highest percentage for organic olives is in Uruguay (28.3 percent), followed by Italy (11.8 percent), and France (9.5 percent).

› Compared with 2008, the organic olive area grew by 60'000 hectares or 14 percent.

39

www.fibl.org

Organic olive area 2009: The ten leading countries

1'795

1'800

2'570

4'735

16'759

17'703

61'922

115'000

127'041

139'675

0 50'000 100'000 150'000

France

Morocco

Syrian Arab Republic

Argentina

Portugal (2008)

Turkey

Greece

Tunisia

Spain

Italy

Hectares

FiBL/IFOAM Survey 2011 based on national data