Key TermsPilgrim

Crusades

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Aim: Why were the Crusades a turning point

in history?

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In the seventh century, Muslims conqueredPalestine.

Muslim Conquest

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In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine.

Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land.

As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less tolerant.

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Christianswanted to visitthe land where

Jesus was born.When a person

travels forreligious

purposes, heis a pilgrim.

Rumors and Intolerance

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As the years passed, reports spread that some Muslims had killed Christian pilgrims and destroyed churches.

European Christians were also increasingly intolerant of Muslims controlling the Holy Land.

As tensions increased, war seemed inevitable.

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In 1095, Pope Urban II

called fora crusade, orwar, againstthe Muslims.

Pope Urban II

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In 1095, Pope Urban II, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, called for a crusade, or war, against the Muslims.

Ultimately, the Christians fought many crusades against the Muslims.

However, Christians never permanently regained control of the Holy Land.

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For almost 200 years – from 1096 to 1291-European crusaders went to the Holy Land.

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Many EuropeansJoined the

Crusades. Somejoined for the

promise of Heaven.Others joined

hoping for wealth.

Crusaders

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Crusaders were European Christians who heeded the Pope’s call to regain the Holy Land.

Crusaders joined for many reasons.

Some joined for the promise of Heaven, others for wealth, and still others for adventure.

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Crusadersoften wore

a crosson their

breastplate.

The Effects of the Crusades

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Historians frequently call the Crusades “a successful failure.”

While Europeans never regained permanent control of the Holy Land and many people were killed, cultural diffusion increased.

Europeans began to trade with the Middle East.

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Europeans learned about Arab art,architecture, medicine, and mathematics.

Questions for Reflection:

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Why were Christians upset that Muslims had gained control of the Holy Land?

Define pilgrim.What is a crusade?Why did the Pope call for a Crusade?Why do historians call the Crusades “a

successful failure”?What was an effect of the Crusades?

Mini-ProjectA. Choose one of the following:

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Make a pamphlet or advertisement recruiting for the Crusades.

History vs. Hollywood: The Crusades is one of the most important events of the last one thousand years. There are many ways to get the message of the Crusades across and the movie: The Kingdom of Heaven attempts to do just that. How accurate is the movie to the actual Crusades? Watch the film and find THREE historical accuracies and THREE Hollywood additions to the film.

Mini Project

Coach Smith

Choose one of the following:Make a pamphlet or advertisement recruiting

for the Crusades.History vs. Hollywood: The Crusades is one

of the most important events of the last one thousand years. There are many ways to get the message of the Crusades across and the movie: The Kingdom of Heaven attempts to do just that. How accurate is the movie to the actual Crusades? Watch the film and find THREE historical accuracies and THREE Hollywood additions to the film.