My Environment 1

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1. Our internal Organsl 1. Our body is wonderful machine as it is made up of many parts

and each part does special jobs. 2. The soft parts inside our body are called internal organs. They

are protected by bones, muscles and skin. Brain, Heart,Lungs, Liver, Stomach, kidneys and intestines are some of the major internal organs of our body.

3. (a) Bones support the body and give it a proper shape. (b) Bones protect the soft organs inside the body. 4. Liver is the largest gland in our body. Its main job is to help

the body to digest food. 5. Kidneys helps to keep our blood clean. Blood flows through the

kidneys, kidneys take water, salt and other waste from the blood. The waste is turned in to urine and stored in a pouch called urinary bladder.

l 1. Heart 2. Lungs 3. Brain 4. Stomach 5. Intestinesl 1. (d) 2. (e) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)l 1. skeleton 2. 600 3. sense organs 4. 72 5. 12 to 15l 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. Tl 1. Because it directs the different parts of the body to do a

particular work. 2. Because when we breathe through our nose, the hair inside

the nose do not let dirt particles in the air to go inside our lungs.

3. Because in our neck, above the wind pipe, there is a small body part called larynx. When we push out air while breathing, the larynx vibrates. These vibrations produce sound. Our teeth, jaws, tongue, lips and cheeks convert the sound into words.

4. Because it is made up of many parts. Each part of the body does special jobs.

5. Pumping of blood by heart makes a sound.

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2. living and nOn-living thingsl 1. The special features of living things are – a) all living things

need food and water b) they grow, c) they breathe d) they move.

2. All living things need food and water to live. Human beings and animals eat and drink daily. Plants also need water and mineral salts to live. Food gives living things energy to grow, move and keep healthy.

3. All living things grow. Animals, plants and human beings increase in size and this is called growth.

4. Plant breathe through minute pores in their leaves called stomata.

5. Animals move from place to place for food and shelter and to escape from their enemies.

6. If we prick the leg of our dog with a needle, the dog withdraws its leg and runs away because the dog feels pain.

7. (a) Plants do not move they are fixed to soil but animals move from one place to another for food, shelter and protection.

(b) Plants do not have a definite form and size but animals have definite form and size.

(c) Plants can prepare their own food but animals can not prepare their own food.

(d) Plants reproduce through seeds or spores but animals reproduce by eggs or by giving birth to young ones.

(e) Plants grow throughout their life span but animals grow only during a certain period of their life span.

8. (a) All living things move but non living things cannot move.

(b) All living things eat and grow but non living things can not eat and grow.

(c) All living things breath to stay alive but non living things do not breathe as they have no life.

(d) All living things feel and react but non living things can not feel or react.

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(e) All living things reproduce their kinds but non living things can not reproduce any thing.

l 1. cow, buffalo , dog , cat , plants 2. houses , vehicles , table , chairs , stonesl 1. Energy 2. Photosynthesis 3. oxygen, carbon dioxide 4. stomata 5. big plant 6. gills 7. reproduction 8. limbsl 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F

3. sOurces Of fOOdl 1. Plants and animals are main sources of food for human

being. 2. Cereals are the most important food crops like wheat, rice, maize

etc. They are the excellent source of energy for people. 3. Leaves help the plants in making their food. Leaves of most

plants contain a green coloured substance called chlorophyll This green substance uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food for the plant.

4. Autotroph are those who prepare their own food. They do not depend on others for their food. e.g. plants. Heterotroph are those who do not prepare their own food. They depend on others for their food. e.g. animals and plants.

5. We should take care of plants in the following ways : (a) We should not keep plants in too much heat, rain and

shade. (b) We should protect them from animals, insects, pests and

disease producing germs. (c) We should water the plants daily. (d) We should provide manure for good growth and better

yield. 6. We should take care of our domestic animals in the following

ways : (a) All milk giving animals should be given rich grass, cotton

seeds and milk producing food.

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(b) Poultry birds should be given grains, green food and water in good clean containers.

(c) Animal homes must be kept clean. They must be washed with water and antiseptic lotions. Dung and urine must be removed.

(d) We must take sick animals to veterinary hospitals.l 1. Carrot, radish, sugar beet 2. Cabbage, lettuce, saladleaves 3. Tomato, pumpkin, banana 4. Arhar, moong, urad 5. Coconut, soyabean, corn 6. Horse, cow, giraffe 7. Cat, dog, duck 8. Tiger, lion, wolf 9. Milk, egg, meat 10. Butter, cheese, yoghurtl 1. Chlorophyll 2. Herbivorous 3. Carnivorous 4. Photosynthesis 5. Meatl 1. Plants 2. Energy 3. Vitamins, Minerals 4. Protein and fat 5. Sugarcane 6. Nutrients 7. Poultry 8. Autotrophl 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (e) 4. (b) 5. (a)

4. fOOd fOr healthl 1. Nutritious food contains energy giving substances, body building

substances, health promoting substances. 2. Food that gives Carbohydrates and fats are energy giving

food. 3. Proteins which help to build and repair the body parts are

body building foods. 4. Minerals, salts and vitamins are protective foods. They protect

us from diseases and infection and promote our health. 5. The part of food we can not digest is called roughage. It helps in

throwing out the waste material from the body with ease. 6. Water is essential for digestion, making blood and removing

waste. 7. A balanced diet includes all the nutrients in required amount

to give energy, to build the body, to repair the worn out parts, to protect from diseases and to promote health.

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8. Children grow more rapidly. They need more proteins for the growth of muscles, more minerals salts for the growth of bones and teeth and more vitamins to protect from the diseases and infection.

9. (a) Eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits. (b) Eat a variety of food. (c) Do not eat junk food.l 1. Sugar, starchy vegetables and fruits. 2. Pulses, fish and eggs. 3. Milk, butter and ghee. 4. Water helps in digestion, to make up our blood and removing

waste. 5. Fleshy fruits, dry fruits and cereals.l 1. Carbohydrates 2. Energy 3. Fat 4. Carbohydrates 5. Proteinsl 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. Tl 1. Carbohydrates and fats give heat and energy to our food. They

are energy-giving food. 2. Proteins are body-building food. They help to build and repair

the body parts. 3. Mineral salts and vitamins come under protective food. They

protect us from diseases and infections and promote our health.

4. A balanced diet includes all the nutrients in required amount, to give energy, to build the body, to repair the worn out parts, to protect from diseases and to promote health.

5. Water helps in digestion and to make up our blood and removing waste.

5. safe stOrage and handling Of fOOdl 1. Food is precious because our life and health depends upon the

food we take. Food makes us what we are. 2. If food is kept for a long time, germs start growing in it. Such

food gives out bad smell and is not fit to be eaten. Such food are called stale food.

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3. Methods that can be used to preserve food from contamination is called preservation of food.

4. Method for preserving food :- (a) Boiling - It kills all harmful organism that contaminate

food. (b) Drying - It removes moisture and prevents the growth of

micro organisms in food. 5. Canning is the common method of preservation of food in

industrialized countries. Canning is the process in which the food is boiled, excess water is removed and then packed in air tight germ free container.

6. If we do not take proper care for the food, it gets spoiled which is wastage of food.

7. (a) Serve only as much food as one can eat. (b) Food should never be cooked at high temperature. (c) Food items must be stored in proper containers. 8. If we take stale food then our health will go down day by day.

We may suffer from many stomach problem.l 1. Throw 2. Health 3. Preserves 4. Refrigerator 5. Organisms 6. Removes 7. Pickling, oil 8.

driedl 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T

6. Waterl 1. Water is useful to us in many ways. We use water for drinking,

washing, cleaning, cooking, cooling, growing plants, putting out fire and producing electricity.

2. Underground water is an important source of drinking water. Most of the rain water seeps under the ground. It goes through loose soil and holes.

3. The water present in ponds, lakes, rivers etc. is muddy, smelly or may contain solid impurities. It has a bad taste too. Such water is called polluted water.

4. The main causes of water pollution are : (a) Disposing off waste water from toilets, bathrooms and

kitchens to nearby water source.

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(b) Disposing off garbage in the source water. (c) Allowing wastes and waste water from factories into

rivers. 5. Effects of polluted water are : (a) Drinking polluted water can cause cholera, typhoid,

diarrhoea and dysentery. (b) Bathing in polluted water can cause skin disease and

allergy. 6. We can make water safe for drinking by boiling and

filtration. 7. Method of controlling water pollution are as follows : (a) Effluents from factories and waste water from houses

must be treated before being disposed off into river, lakes, ponds, etc.

(b) Defecation in open and near the water source should be banned.

(c) Garbage should not be disposed off in rivers and other sources of water.

(d) Wells should be covered. (e) Water pipe and sewage pipe should not be laid side by side

as leakage from the sewage pipes might pollute drinking water.

8. Useful tips to avoid wastage of water: (a) Use drinking water carefully without wasting. (b) Do not waste while bathing, washing clothes or working

in the kitchen. (c) Turn off the taps after use. (e) Leaking taps and pipes must be repaired or replaced

immediately. 9. People living in villages dig pits and tanks to collect and save

the rain water. This water can be used when in need. This process of conserving water is called harvesting of water or rain water harvesting.

10. Government purifies water and stores it in big tanks. Water from which pollutants have been removed and is safe to drink is called protected water. From the storage tanks, water is sent through taps to people for drinking. This is called Protected Water Supply Scheme.

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l 1. earth’s 2. rain 3. snow 4. pool 5. underground 6. germs 7. tap 8. save 9. surface 10. sourcel 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. Tl 1. Drinking, washing, cooking 2. Rain, rivers, ponds 3. Boiling 4. Cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea 5. Wells, handpumps

7. airl 1. Air is everywhere. It is colourless. It has no smell. We can

only feel it when it blows. We breathe in and out air all the time.

2. Air is a mixture of many gases which are useful to all living things. It contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide etc. Dust particles and water vapour are also constituents of the air.

3. Air is very useful for all living being. Human beings, animals and plants cannot survive without air. They breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide all the time.

4. Air occupies space and air has weight. 5. The air we breathe goes into our lungs. It needs to be fresh

and clean. When poisonous gases and harmful substances mix with the air and make it impure the air is said to be polluted.

6. Three effects of air pollution are :- (a) Polluted air causes many respiratory diseases like asthma

and lung and throat infection. (b) Polluted air causes irritation to eyes and skin. (c) Polluted air affects the health of domestic animals. 7. Ways of preventing air pollution are:- (a) Factories should be set up outside the city limits. (b) Chimneys of the factories must be tall enough to release

the gases and smoke high up so as to minimize their harmful effects.

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(c) The smoke given out by the factories must be filtered. (d) All vehicles should be regularly checked for pollution. (e) Garbage should not be burnt. (f) More plants and trees must be grown. (g) Road must be metalled so that dust doesn’t rise and mix

with air. (h) We should try to walk small distance. (i) We should use a handkerchief while coughing. (j) We should not spit in the open. 8. Green plants have the capacity to make their own food

in the presence of sunlight. This process is known as photosynthesis.

l 1. blows 2. atmosphere 3. mixture 4. oxygen 5. food 6. humans 7. respiratory 8. talll 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. Tl 1. 21% 2. 78% 3. 1% 4. Dust particles and water vapour

8. shelterl 1. We need a house because it is our shelter. It protects us from

the rain, the heat, the cold and the wind. It also protects our belongings from thieves and wild animals.

2. Houses are made of different kinds of materials like brick, cement, tiles, wood and iron rods.

3. The houses in the hilly region have sloping roofs because whenever there is a snowfall, it slides off the roof.

4. In Assam it rains heavily almost throughout the year and the ground becomes marshy or swampy. People there have to build their shelters on poles.

5. A snow house is called an igloo. the walls and floor are covered with furs and skins. This way it is not very cold inside. Inuits keep an oil lamp burning inside the igloo which gives light as well as warmth.

6. An ideal house should let in ample sunlight, be very well ventilated, arrangement for enough water supply, enough rooms and storage space and it should be away from factories.

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7. A temporary house made up of mud, bamboo, palm leaves and straw. They are weak and non-durable and also known as kuchcha house. While a permanent house made up of brick, cement, tiles, wood and iron rods. They are strong and durable and also known as pucca house.

8. House is very useful to us. It protect us from rain, heat, cold and wind. It also protects our belongings from thieves and wild animals. House is a place where we can live comfortably, peacefully and happily.

l 1. live 2. caves 3. huts 4. huts 5. floors 6. bricks7. Inunits 8. carel 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. Fl 1. (c) 2. (e) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a)

9. clOthesl 1. We get silk from silkworms. 2. Synthetic fibres are man-made and prepared from chemical

substances. They are stronger than cotton. linen, woollen or silk fibres.

3. Weavers use spun thread to make cotton, silken and woollen cloth. They use handlooms or powerlooms for weaving cloth. This is known as weaving.

4. Cloth is expensive. They last longer if cared properly. They should be washed and ironed regularly so as to maintain them.

5. While storing woollen clothes we should put naphthalene balls along with them to save them from insects.

l 1. skin 2. protect 3. smart 4. cotton 5. raincoat, umbrellal 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. Tl 1. (e) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)

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10. Keeping healthyl 1. We should keep our body clean because clean habits guarantee

good health. Germs are the cause of most diseases. Personal cleanliness removes germs from the body and prevents diseases.

2. Proper and regular brushing every morning and before going to bed keeps our teeth clean and bright.

3. Personal cleanliness is essential for the preservation of good health and keeping diseases away. Regular exercise, proper postures, proper rest and proper diet are some rules to keep ourselves healthy andfit.

4. A daily bath is necessary to remove sweat and keep the pores clean. It adds freshness to our body and lightness to our mind.

5. The School Health Club plays important role to maintain healthy environment :-

It makes arrangement for the health check-ups of children by the visiting doctor.

Maintains a first-aid box. Invites good doctors to deliver talks on health care. Arranges sports and games competitions. Encourages tree planting.l 1. cleanliness 2. diseases 3. dental 4. bath 5. washl 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. Fl 1. (c) 2. (e) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)

11. envirOnmental sanitatiOnl 1. Environment refers to our surroundings and sanitation refers to

cleanliness. Thus environmental sanitation refers to cleanliness of our surroundings.

2. Our environment gets polluted due to the following reasons: (a) Water from many homes flows outside forming dirty

pools. (b) Open and stagnated drains become breeding places for

mosquitoes in village and towns.

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(c) Accumulated garbage and refuse lying by roadside emit foul smell.

(d) Smoke from the industries pollutes the air. (e) Effluents (waste water) from factories pollute the water

source and land. 3. Some rules observed keeping environment clean are :- (a) House must be cleaned properly everyday. (b) Garbage must be collected in a covered dustbin and thrown

on the garbage dump. (c) Cobwebs must be removed from time to time. (d) Drains and toilets must be cleaned regularly. 4. Biodegradable waste decomposes easily and mixes up with the

soil while non-biodegradable waste does not decompose and pollutes the environment.

5. For the disposal of waste, deep ditches are dug away from the towns and cities. Garbage is carried and dumped in these ditches. The ditches are then covered with thick layers of soil. After sometime, this waste decays and turns into manure. Farmers use this manure for the fertility of the soil.

6. All waste materials are not really waste. Some of these can be recycled and used again. Recycling means changing old materials into new goods

7. In recycling of water the ground water is filtered and made pure for drinking. Most of the water contains dust and other harmful particles. These are removed through filtration.

8. Loud noise disturbs us and makes us tense. Loud noise is also a kind of environmental pollution called noise pollution.

9. We can control noise pollution by following ways: (a) Minimum use of loudspeakers. (b) Blowing horns should be minimal. (c) Music should be played at very low volume. (d) Planting more tree are some ways to control noise

pollution.

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10. Steps to save our environment are as follows : (a) Do not leave your rubbish lying around. (b) Think about environment issues daily and promote anti-

pollution awareness. (c) Plant trees, care for and nurture them. Plant a tree for

every happy moment. (d) Buy sensibly, choosing products with minimal packaging

to help reduce solid wastes. (e) Encourage recycling of all wastes. Tell people about the

three R’s - Reduce, Recycle, Reuse. (f) Say no to plastic. (g) Ride a bike or use public transport to avoid polluting the

air with car exhaust.l 1. surrounding 2. bad 3. mosquitoes 4. pollutes 5. dustbin 6. horticulture 7. decomposes 8. treated 9. recycling 10. rubberl 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F

12. safety and emergency carel 1. The immediate help that we give to a person who has met

with an accident, before the arrival of a doctor, is called an emergency care or first aid. It is so important because if it is given timely it can save a person life.

2. If a cut is minor, press your fingers on the wounded part to stop bleeding. Now wash the wounded part with a dilute solution of antiseptic lotion. Apply the antiseptic cream or cotton soaked in tincture iodine over the wound. Cover the wound with a bandage.

3. In case of minor burns, hold the burnt part under cool water. This helps to cool the burnt part and reduce the pain. Apply some antiseptic cream.

4. The first aid to be given in case of nose bleeding are:- Make the patient sit with his head tilted backwards. Pinch the nose and hold for 5 to 7 minutes till the bleeding

stops.

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Wrap ice in a handkerchief and apply it to the nose. Ask the patient to breathe through his mouth instead of

nose. 5. In case of a Dog bite :- (a) The wound should be washed immediately with plenty

of soap and water. (b) Use antibiotic ointment on the wound. (c) Cover it with a dry, sterile dressing. 6. Home remedies can be defined as the useful tips to take

emergency care to the person who has met with minor accident.

l 1. first aid 2. fracture 3. insect bitel 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. Tl 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (e) 5. (b)

13. cOmmunity servicesl 1. A group of families living together in a particular area forms

a community. It can be village, town or city. 2. The duty of village panchayat is to look after the needs of

people living in the village. 3. The functions of the village panchayat are :- (a) To make arrangement for clean drinking water. (b) Maintenance of public wells, tanks and handpumps. (c) Cleanliness of the public areas and drains. (d) Opening of primary health centre for the prevention and

cure of diseases. (e) To maintain records of birth and death. (f) Installation and maintenance of street light. (g) Building and maintenance of roads. (h) Opening of primary schools and adult education centres. 4. The main source of income of the village panchayat are taxes

on fairs, shops and houses, fees for purchasing and sale of cattle, land or other property, grants from the government.

5. The duty of municipal committee is to look after the civic amenities of the people living in town and smaller cities.

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6. The functions of the Municipal Committee are:- (a) Construction, maintenance and cleanliness of roads. (b) Disposal of garbage generated in the city. (c) Drainage of excess rainwater and dirty water. (d) Supply of clean drinking water. (e) Installation and maintenance of street lights. (f) Maintenance and beautification of parks. (g) Providing public latrines and urinals. 7. The main source of income for municipal committees are taxes

such as property tax, tax on business and profession, water tax, toll tax, electricity tax and also tax charged on goods brought from outside. The state government also gives money as grant to the Municipal Committees.

8. Consumer forum is an agency to look after the welfare of the consumers. If a buyer gets a low quality or defective product, he can complain against the seller to the consumer forum for justice.

9. The property used by the community is called public property. It includes civic amenities like parks, roads, banks, hospitals, etc.

10. Steps for the proper care of public property are :- (a) Keep the village, town or city you live in, clean. (b) Plant trees to make the environment green. (c) Pay taxes regularly. (d) Save water and electricity. Turn off the taps, lights and

fans when not in use. (e) Do not throw litter anywhere. Dump it in dustbins. (f) Never pluck flowers or break branches of plants and

trees. (g) Do not damage seats, bulbs, fans, etc. in trains. (h) Use public toilets properly. (i) Handle the books of the libraries with care. Return the

books in time. (j) Do not damage the monuments by scratching and writing

on them. (k) It is the duty of all the children in a school to handle

things in the school with care.

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l 1. woman 2. Sarpanch 3. panchayat ghar 4. corporation 5. vote 6. councillors 7. mayor 8. welfarel 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F

14. Weather, seasOns and climatel 1. The condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time is

called weather. It depends on sun, winds, clouds and rains. 2. When the weather remains more or less the same over a part

of the year, we call it a season. We have three main seasons as summer, winter and monsoon.

3. The usual weather that a place has for many years, over a long period of time, is called the climate of the place.

4. The seasons change due to:- (a) The tilting of the earth’s axis. (b) The revolution of the earth around the sun. 5. A coastal breeze at night blowing from land to sea is called

land breeze. The breeze that blows from the sea towards the land during the day is called sea breeze.

6. The process in which a liquid changes into a gas on heating is called evaporation. The water vapour changes back to water when it cools. This process is known as condensation.

7. Water from ponds, lakes, rivers and seas evaporates to form water vapour. This water vapour goes up in the atmosphere. Then it is carried to various places by wind. On reaching a certain height, it condenses into droplets of water due to the cold air in the upper atmosphere. These water droplets gather together to form cloud and fall to the ground as rain. Rain water flows down into rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. This goes on repeating as a cycle. The movement of water from earth’s surface to sky and back to the earth is called water cycle.

8. Weather changes affect the life of human beings, animals and plants to a great extent. Human beings change their habits and ways of living to suit the weather condition. Plants and

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animals respond differently to different condition. In autumn season some plants shed their leaves, some plants flowers in summer and some flower in winter. In extreme cold, bird migrate from northern cold region to warmer southern region. Snakes, lizards burrow into soil and sleep all through in winter.

9. Snakes, lizards, snails and frogs burrow into the soil and sleep all through the winter it is called hibernation.

Crocodiles, alligators and frogs remain bury themselves in mud during summer, it is called aestivation.

10. Knowledge of weather on a future date is called weather forecasting.

l 1. weather 2. season 3. monsoon 4. climate 5. evaporate 6. gaseous 7. condensation 8. water cycle 9. hibernation 10. aestivationl 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. T

15. the earth and its mOtiOnl 1. The difference between a star and a planet is that stars seem

to twinkle but planets shine with a steady light. 2. The sun and its family of eight planets make up the solar

system. The planets in order of increasing distances from the sun are :- Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

3. There are several factors that make life possible on the earth:

(a) The distance of earth from the sun makes it positioned exactly where it should be to receive enough heat for living organisms.

(b) Another important factor is water. It is important to sustain all types of life.

(c) The blanket of air enveloping the earth is the atmosphere. The atmosphere has the gas oxygen, without which living organisms can not survive in this world.

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4. The axis on the earth is an imaginary line, joining the North Pole and the South Pole. The earth rotates on its axis from west to east. It rotates non-stop round and round like a top. The earth completes one rotation in about 24 hours. So the duration of a day and a night is 24 hours.

5. The earth moves round the sun in a particular orbit. This movement is called revolution. The revolution of the earth causes different seasons in a year.

6. The names of the planets are :- Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

7. An orbit is the regularly repeated elliptical course of a planet, moon, satellite, spacecraft, etc. around a star or a planet.

8. Bodies that move around planets are called satellites. Most planets have one or more satellites. The moon is the satellite of the earth.

l 1. stars 2. planets 3. planets 4. satellites 5. moon 6. moving 7. axis 8. 24 hours 9. 365 days & 6 hours 10. eastern, westernl 1. The difference between a star and a planet is that stars seem

to twinkle but planets shine with a steady light. 2. Sometimes we see some bright objects in the sky called planets.

They do not twinkle. They are different from stars. Bodies that move around planets are called satellites.

3. The earth completes one rotation in about 24 hours. So the duration of a day and a night is 24 hours. This time period is also called one earth day. But the earth takes 365 days and 6 hours to go around the sun. It completes one revolution around the sun in a year. It is known as annual motion of the earth.

l 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. T

16. natural resOurces and their cOnservatiOnl 1. All the valuable things which are provided to us by nature are

called natural resources. Natural resources are soil, minerals, wildlife, forests and human resources.

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2. Taps should be turned off after use in the houses and public places. We should not pollute the sources of water. Harvesting of rain is an important way to conserve water.

3. Plants depend on the soil for food and animals depend on the soil for living place. All living things on the earth depends on soil for their food.

4. Forests are an important natural resources because we get many important products from forests such as

(a) Timber and plywood which are mainly used for building houses and making furniture.

(b) Wood pulp for making paper. (c) Latex for making rubber. (d) Firewood for fuel. (e) Gums, cork , res ins , o i l s and waxes used in

manufacturing. (f) Medicines such as quinine, herbs and oils. (g) They provide shelter to many kinds of birds, insects and

other animals. (h) They act as obstacles to the running water, thus preventing

soil erosion. (i) They help to keep the atmosphere clean by taking away

CO2 and supplying oxygen to the air. 5. Domestic animals are also called livestock. The chief kinds of

livestock reared are cattle, camels, horses, pigs, sheep and poultry. Other kinds of livestock include donkeys, goats, mules and rabbits. Most livestock are reared on farms. They are useful to us in many ways.

We get milk from cows, buffaloes and goats. Bullocks are used by farmers to plough fields. The hair of sheep, goats and camels is used in making wool. Poultry is rearing of hens and ducks for eggs and meat. 6. Minerals are chemical substances that occur naturally. Some

common minerals are copper, iron, silver, coal etc. 7. Coal and petroleum plays an important role in our life. Coal

is used in steam engines and for making steel. Some people

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use coal to cook food also. Petroleum is used as a fuel to run vehicles such as cars, buses, trains, ships and aeroplanes.

8. Uses of dam are – It stores extra water from river which otherwise flow into the

sea. It provides water for agriculture. 9. Iron and steel are the world’s cheapest and most useful metals.

Steel is produced by refining iron. Iron is used widely in the construction of houses, girders, bridges, dams, railway engines, rails, cars, coaches and heavy machines. Various kind of stainless steel are used in car parts, hospital equipments etc.

10. Poultry is rearing of hens and ducks for eggs and meat. Pisciculture is rearing of fish as a source of food.

l 1. resources 2. layer 3. plants 4. common salt 5. harvesting 6. trees 7. paper 8. livestock 9. manure, biogas 10. miningl 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. Tl 1. Soil, water, minerals. 2. Drinking, washing and production of electricity. 3. Timber, medicines, latex. 4. Poultry, pisciculture and ploughfields. 5. Eggs and meat. 6. Jewellery and coins. 7. Petrol, diesel, kerosene, LPG and lubricants.

17. lOcating placesl 1. When we stand facing east, our right hand will point towards

south, left towards north and our back will be towards west.

2. A map is a diagrammatic representation of an area, of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads etc.

3. We can see map on entrance of locality, markets and hospitals.

22 My Environment

4. A map shows the important places by special marks or simply writing the names.

5. Compass is an instrument for finding directions. It has a needle that always points to the North-South.

l 1. east 2. location 3. entry 4. direction 5. North-Southl 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F

18. transpOrtl 1. The invention of the wheel brought about a revolution in

transport. 2. Road transport connects cities, towns and villages to each

other. 3. Railways are essential and important for us because it transport

lakhs of passengers and goods worth crores of rupees every day.

4. Transport by water is less expensive as there is no cost involved in building and repairing the waterways. Ferry is used to carry people and a barge carries goods across rivers. Tankers and container vessels transport goods like petroleum all over the world. Ships are specialized in transporting passengers. A passenger liner can carry thousand of people. Submarine is used by the naval forces to attack enemy submarines or surface ships.

5. Air transport depends entirely on aeroplanes. Aeroplanes provides service over long distances for passengers, mails, perishable food items like vegetables and fruits, life saving drugs and things of high value but of little weight.

l 1. trains 2. ships 3. aeroplanesl 1. revolution 2. railway 3. permanent routes 4. metro 5. port 6. aeroplanes 7. submarine 8. highwaysl 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. F

My Environment 23

19. cOmmunicatiOnl 1. Sending and receiving messages is called communication. 2. Sending letters through the postal system and using telephone

calls are personal communication. (a) Postal System : It is the most important and the cheapest

means of communication in India. Through letters, people can share news and make plans with friends and relatives far away. We can send a letter anywhere in the world through the postal service. When we want to send a short message urgently, we can send it through a telegram.

(b) Telephone : It is an instrument that sends and receives voice messages. It is the fastest and most convenient means of two way communication. In just a few seconds, we can telephone a person across the street, in another part of the country or anywhere in the world. It is one of our most valuable means of communication.

3. When the messages are sent to a large audience, the type of communication is called mass communication. Newspapers, radio, television and internet are the means of mass communication.

4. Internet is a vast computer linking together millions of computer all over the world. People can surf the net and find the latest news on the websites all over the world. The internet can also be used to exchange information, send messages and to buy things. Messages can also be sent or received through e-mail.

5. Postal system is the most important and the cheapest means of communication. Almost every village, town and city has a post office. We can send a letter anywhere in the world through postal service.

6. Mobile phones can be carried along with us. We can call a person or receive a call even while we are travelling. If one have a mobile phone he can be contacted anywhere and anytime.

7. Courier services transport our letters and parcels much faster. It cost more than the ordinary post.

24 My Environment

8. Newspaper is the best means of mass communication because it is the cheapest and it covers news and information from all parts of the world in detail than television and radio.

l 1. communication 2. personal 3. PIN 4. two 5. mass communication 6. fax 7. newspaper 8. post boxl 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T

20. the stOry Of firel 1. Early man found that when two stones struck together against

each other, they produced sparks of fire. He kept dried leaves and grass and rubbed two stones so that the dried leaves and grass caught fire. Thus, he discovered fire.

2. In the beginning, he used fire for roasting birds, animals, roots, fruits and stems of plant. Gradually, he used fire to protect himself from cold.

3. Yes, when the man saw the fire for the first time in the forest, he was afraid of it. he ran away like other animals to protect himself.

4. Early man kept dried leaves and grass and rubbed two stones so that the dried leaves and grass caught fire.

5. In modern world fire is used to – Furnish energy to drive machines and keeps industries

running, generate electricity, remove and destroy waste materials, shape metals into useful things.l 1. forest 2. afraid 3. fire 4. hunt, raw 5. see 6. learnt 7. shaping 8. generatesl 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T

21. sOme great peOplel 1. We learnt from Gandhiji’s life to believe in good values of truth,

tolerance and self-reliance.

My Environment 25

2. Gandhiji is called the ‘Father of the Nation’ or ‘Bapu’ because he had dedicated himself to the service of the nation. He also contributed in helping our country to get independence from the British rule.

3. Jagdish Chandra Bose work included discoveries in both Physics and Biology. Bose demonstrated that radio waves and light waves had similar properties. His first discovery to create news in the world of science was about sending wireless messages. His most important contribution to the field of science was to devise extremely sensitive instruments for recording the way plants responded to outside acts.

4. Rani Gidinlieu was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi’s view on truth and non-violence.

5. Abdul Hameed joined the army when he was 21.l 1. Param Veer Chakra 2. Swami Vivekanand 3. Manipur 4. National Festival 5. Chinal 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T

22. Our cOuntry - indial 1. There are 28 states in India. 2. There are 7 Union Territories in India. 3. New Delhi is the capital of India.l 1. 28 2. capital 3. tricolour 4.

Rabindranath Tagore 5. national 6. Bankim Chandra Chatterji 7. Ranchi

Model Test Paper - 1

1. (a) small intestine (b) heterotrophs (c) nitrogen (d) water (e) harmful 2. (a) brain (b) reproduction (c) wheat (d) canning (e) Dead Sea 3. (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) F (e) T 4. (a) yes (b) no (c) yes (d) no (e) yes 5. (a) barometer (b) liver (c) a balanced diet (d) 1% (e) refrigerator

26 My Environment

6. (a) Nutrients are absorbed in the intestine by the blood and reach different parts of the body through the blood.

(b) Two methods of preserving food are low temperature and canning. In low temperature method, the food is stored at low temperature so that all the nutrients remain intact in it. Refrigerator is one such device to store food at low temperature. Canning is the procedure in which the food is stored in air tight sterilized containers so that the canned food may be consumed later on.

(c) Method of controlling water pollution are as follows : (a) Effluents from factories and waste water from houses

must be treated before being disposed off into river, lakes, ponds, etc.

(b) Defecation in open and near the water source should be banned.

(c) Garbage should not be disposed off in rivers and other sources of water.

(e) Wells should be covered.

(e) Water pipe and sewage pipe should not be laid side by side as leakage from the sewage pipes might pollute drinking water.

(d) When poisonous gases and harmful substances mix with the air and make it impure, the air is said to be polluted.

(e) Autotroph make their own food But Heterotroph cannot make their own food.

Model Test Paper - 2

1. (a) water cycle (b) Sarpanch (c) biodegradable (d) ginning (e) landfills 2. (a) Recycling (b) gaseous (c) welfare (d) 22 April (e) care 3. (a) F (b) T (c) F (d) T (e) T 4. (a) no (b) yes (c) no (d) yes (e) yes 5. (a) annual motion (b) nagar mahapalika (c) water pollution (d) china (e) weather forecasting

My Environment 27

6. (a) Posture are the way we sit, stand and walk. Proper posture help us to maintain proper shape of our body and keep our backbone straight.

(b) The role of the municipal committee are construction, maintenance and cleanliness of roads, disposal of garbage generated in the city, drainage of excess rainwater and dirty water, supply of clean drinking water, maintenance and beautification of parks and providing public latrines and urinals.

(c) Process in which a liquid changes into a gas on heating is called evaporation. But the water vapour changes back to water when it cools. This process is known as condensation.

(d) A lot of centres have been set up for recycling of different products. The waste products are taken to these centres. These products are sorted out very carefully. Then these are sent to the manufacturers who turn them into different kinds of usable materials.

(e) Insect Bite:- Remove the sting first. Rub the area by pouring lime water and ammonia to neutralize

the bite. Apply the paste of cold cream and baking soda on the affected

part. Put ice cubes on the bitten area to prevent swelling and pain. It is always advisable to consult a doctor in case of reaction.

Model Test Paper - 3

1. (a) poultry (b) engines (c) computer (d) lotus (e) STD 2. (a) Rabinder Nath Tagore (b) Gidinlieu (c) mass (d) axis (e) forest 3. (a) T (b) T (c) F (d) F (e) T 4. (a) yes (b) no (c) yes (d) no (e) no 5. (a) satellites (b) carcass (c) National highways (d) satellites (e) port blair

28 My Environment

6. (a) The earth completes one rotation in about 24 hours but it completes one revolution around the sun in a year.

(b) All the valuable things which are provided to us by nature are called natural wealth or natural resources.

(c) Trains carry passengers with their luggage. There are goods trains which carry goods from one place to another. Some goods trains have tankers which carry petrol, chemicals etc.

(d) When the messages are sent to a large audience, the type of communication is called mass communication. Newspaper, radio and television are the means of mass communica-tion.

(e) Abdul Hameed was awarded Param Veer Chakra for his supreme sacrifice for his motherland India.