Kick OffOctober 18, 2013

•Read and analyze the map on page 534

•Write the Roman Numerals for 1 – 20. If you don’t know, number your paper 1 – 20, and we will go over them

Chapter 18.1Absolutism in Spain

The King Becomes an Emperor

•King Charles I•Absolute

monarch• A ruler whose power

is not limited by having to consult with the nobles, common people, or their representatives

• Ruled by Divine Right

Charles V and the Empire

• Bought votes to be elected Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

• Territory expanded to vast empire

• Fighting for religious control of Europe• Wants people to be

CATHOLIC• Power closely connected to

the church• Devastating wars w/

protestant princes forced him to sign Peace of Augsburg, which gave German princes right to decide religion of their territory

Dividing the Empire

• Charles gave up throne in 1556

• Divided empire between brother and son• Brother took Hapsburg

holdings in Austria• Son, Philip II took

Netherlands, Sicily, Spain, and American Colonies

Golden Century

• El Greco (“The Greek”)• Religious• Elongated humans

• Diego Velazquez• People of all social classes

• Don Quixote• Author: Miguel de Cervantes• About a man caught between

medieval and modern worlds

After the Quiz…

Read the “Section Summary” and answer the questions for Section 2: Absolute Monarchy and France (textbook pages 540 – 544).

review

Textbook pages 526 – 527

Answer questions 1- 7, 9, 11-12 in your notebook

Spain Under Philip II

• Steady stream of gold and silver from American colonies led to peak of prosperity

• Devout Catholic, saw himself as leader of Counter-Reformation

• Faith clashed w/ protestants in Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg• Dutch revolted, led to Court of

Blood• Dragged on for decades• Led to independent

Netherlands

Spain and England

• English aided Dutch rebels against Spain• Infuriated Philip

• Elizabeth I of England allowing English ships to attack Spanish treasure ships coming from America• Sea dogs stole gold and silver

• Philip assembled Spanish Armada to attack English

• Spanish ships badly damaged

• England emerged as dominant power

Religious Wars and Henry IV

• By 1560s, 10% of France was Huguenot (Calvinist, protestant)• Many were nobles

• Conflict between Catholic monarchy and Huguenots in 1562

• 1572, Queen of France orders St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre• Slaughter of Huguenots at

wedding of Henry of Navarre• He eventually became Henry

IV after converting to Catholicism

Compromise and Progress

• Henry, having been protestant, was aware that peace was necessary• Signed Edict of Nantes

in 1598• Gave Huguenots limited

freedom of worship• Represented break w/

conformity of past• Catholicism still remained

official religion

Louis XIII and Richelieu

• Henry IV stabbed to death

• Louis XIII becomes king at early age• Weak ruler

• Appointed Cardinal Richelieu as chief minister• Determined to strengthen

monarchy• Reduced power of

Huguenots• Spied on and suppressed

nobles• Directed foreign policy

Louis XIV

• History’s best example of an absolute monarch

• Also had church regent as aid, Mazarin, as chief administrator

• Exact opposite of father, demanded absolute control

• Removed nobles from Paris, forced them to come to Versailles in order to gain his favor• Allowed him to keep an eye

on them

Protestantism, Money, Military

• Revoked Edict of Nantes, smashed Protestantism, forced 200,000 Huguenots out of France

• Lavish spending habits saved by efficient policies of finance minister, Colbert

• Built up huge military to regain French territory

• War of Spanish Succession was most costly• Spanish king died without heir, three

rulers claimed it• England, Netherlands, HRE went to war w/

France• Treaty of Utrecht allowed Louis’ grandson

to take throne but said France and Spain would never be ruled by same person