KIM ChartCold War

Iron CurtainTruman Doctrine

North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationMarshall PlanBerlin Airlift

Containment PolicyMao ZedongKorean War

SputnikHouse Un-American Activities Committee

Rosenberg TrialVenona PapersMcCarthyism

Jonas SalkCivil Rights Act of 1957/1964

Plessy v. FergusonBrown v. Board of Education

Thurgood MarshallOrval Faubus

Lester MaddoxGeorge Wallace

Affirmative ActionBilly Graham

Sweatt v. PainterGI Bill (Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of

1944)

Tension between the United States and Soviet Union. Lasted 45 years. Communism vs. Democracy. West vs. East

• Imaginary border dividing Europe after World War II. Warsaw Pact on the East and NATO on the West.

• Intergovernmental military alliance formed by the Western allies to provide protection to Western Europe

• Established that the United States would offer aid to countries (like Greece and Turkey) who were trying to resist Communism

• American initiative to aid Europe and Asia after the Truman Doctrine

• Western allies offered supplies to western Berlin after being blockaded by the Soviet Union

• Truman and future U.S. presidents sought to stop the spread of Communism in the world.

• Leader of a Communist revolution in China

• Communist North Korea invades South Korea and Truman comes to the aid of South Korea with General MacArthur to lead U.S. forces.

• Sent into space by the Russians in 1957 during the “Space Race”

• Establishment of the Loyalty Review Boards to investigate individual activities who were accused of un-patriotic activities. If people were deemed Communist, they were frequently “blacklisted” and lost their jobs.

• Tried and executed as Russian spies

• Released in 1997, revealed the identities of several Americans who had spied for the Soviet Union, included Julius Rosenberg.

• Named after the Senator who conducted hearings in Congressional committees and never produced proof against communism.

• Developed the first vaccine for polio

Roots of the Cold War

• Communism vs. Democracy• Yalta and Potsdam Conferences• Cold War Begins

Category Soviet Communism American Democracy

Political System One political party, the Communist Party

A multi-party democracy

Organizations All labor groups and other associations are run by the Communist Party

Unions and other organizations openly negotiate with employers

Economic System Industries and farms are owned by the state; central planners determine the nation’s economic needs; limited private property; education and health care provided by the state.

Free enterprise system; private ownership of property; supply and demand determine prices; people meet their own needs with some limited government involvement

Religion Religion is discouraged Free exercise of religion

Individual Rights Secret police arrest opponents; censorship; no free exercise of beliefs

Freedom of the press and expression

Yalta Conference

Potsdam Conference

Iron Curtain

• Stalin refused to allow free elections in Poland. • United States refused to share

secrets behind the atomic bomb• Soviets occupied Eastern Europe• Trade between Eastern and

Western Europe was cut off.

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Origins of U.S. Containment

• Truman Doctrine• Marshall Plan• Berlin Airlift and Divided Germany• NATO & Warsaw Pact• Iron Curtain• Mao Zedong & China

Truman Doctrine

• Communists threatened to invade Greece and Turkey• Truman offered military aid• Did not want a repeat of the Munich

Conference• “I believe that it must be the policy of

the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”

Marshall Plan

• Famine in Europe after WWII• Farm production destroyed• George C. Marshall proposed massive

aid to the war-torn countries to build their economies• Marshall plan helped economies grow

at unprecedented rates!

Berlin Airlift

• French, Britain, and America merge their zones of Germany: West Germany• Berlin is located in Soviet Zone• Soviets announce blockade of

Western Berlin• Airlift fed and supplied the Western

part of Berlin until Soviets lifted the blockade.• The Western Allies would not

retreat!!

NATO & Warsaw Pact

• NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)—each NATO member pledged to defend every other member• Warsaw Pact: Soviet’s response to NATO with its Eastern Allies

Iron Curtain

• Soviets stop an anti-communist revolution in Hungary in 1956• Erect Berlin Wall in

1961• Invade Czechoslovakia

in 1968• All done without active

interference by NATO

China & Communism

• Containment policy • Soviets help Chinese Revolution in

1945 • Led by Mao Zedong• Defeated Nationalists in 1949• World’s LARGEST Communist State• Truman vetoed “Red China” entered

the United Nations

Korean War

• Korea split into TWO: North Korea (Communist) & South Korea (Democracy)• North Korea invaded South Korea—U.N.

Soldiers enter Korea• Truman-MacArthur Controversy• MacArthur commands U.N. soldiers. • MacArthur pushes North Koreans to border of

China• MacArthur goes a bit crazy (Liberate China! Use the

A-Bomb! Truman refused)

• War comes to End• Eisenhower becomes president (From D-Day

invasion) • Armistice signed in 1953• Korea still split in two

Arms & Space Races

• 1945: USA only one with atomic power• 1949: Soviet Union developed atomic bomb• 1952: USA develops hydrogen bomb (more powerful than A-BOMB)• 1953: Soviet Union develops their own hydrogen bomb• Missile Sites & Deterrents• Sputnik• First man-made satellite into space in 1957• Americans quickly responded by launching their satellite in 1958

Cold War at Home

• House Un-American Activities Committee• Congress investigate people thought to be communist

• Rosenberg Trials• Julius and Ethel charged with selling national secrets

to the Soviet Union

• McCarthy Hearings• Senator Joseph McCarthy created fears without proof

of any communism • McCarthyism was similar to a witch hunt

Eisenhower Presidency

• Foreign Policy• Eisenhower Doctrine—extension of containment

• Domestic Policy• Interstate Highway Act—created federal highways• Housing Boom because of “Baby Boom”• G.I. Bill—helped veterans

• Advances in Medicine• Jonas Salk—vaccine for Polio• Measles vaccines• Other discoveries

Civil Rights Movement

• Origins of Civil Rights• Brown v. Board of Education• March to Equality

• Montgomery Bus Boycott• Civil Rights Act of 1957• Little Rock, Arkansas• Congressional Bloc of Southern Democrats• Sit-Ins and Freedom Rides• King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail• March on Washington• Civil Rights Act of 1964• Affirmative Action