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PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2017/2018
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
MAKERSPACE DAN GALERI DI BANDUNG
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Art Deco
Fokus Kajian
Optimalisasi Sirkulasi Ruang
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Disusun oleh :
Karisna Kinandi NIM : 13.11.0127
Dosen Pembimbing :
Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT. NIDN : 0629056301
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
September 2017
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DAFTAR ISI
PRAKATA ................................................................................................... ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ iv
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ...................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR BAGAN ................................................................................... xviii
BAB I .......................................................................................................... 1
PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 Gagasan Awal ........................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Ketertarikan ............................................................................... 4
1.1.3 Kepentingan .............................................................................. 5
1.1.4 Kebutuhan ................................................................................. 6
1.1.5 Keterkaitan ................................................................................. 6
1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ................................................... 7
1.2.1 Tujuan ........................................................................................ 7
1.2.2 Sasaran ..................................................................................... 7
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ....................................................................... 8
1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ....................................................................... 9
1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data ....................................................... 9
1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ............................................ 10
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1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman Arsitektur ............................................. 11
1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur .............................................. 11
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................... 13
BAB II ....................................................................................................... 15
TINJAUAN PROYEK ............................................................................... 15
2.1 Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. 15
2.1.1 Gambaran Umum .................................................................... 15
2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend .............................. 17
2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ...................................................... 18
2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ............................................................................. 19
2.2.1 Terminologi .............................................................................. 19
2.2.2 Kegiatan ................................................................................... 21
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan .................................................... 42
2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota Bandung ............................................ 46
2.2.5 Studi Banding / Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis ................... 50
2.2.5 Permasalahan Desain .............................................................. 58
2.3 Kesimpulan Batasan dan Anggapan .............................................. 59
2.3.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................. 59
2.3.2 Batasan .................................................................................... 60
2.3.3 Anggapan ................................................................................ 60
BAB III ...................................................................................................... 62
ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............................. 62
3.1 ANALISA PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR ....................................... 62
3.1.1 Studi Aktifitas ........................................................................... 62
3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas .......................................................................... 78
viii
3.2 ANALISA PENDEKATAN SISTEM BANGUNAN ......................... 129
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ..................................... 129
3.2.3 Studi Sistem Utilitas ............................................................... 144
3.2.4 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ................................................ 161
3.3 ANALISA KONTEKS LINGKUNGAN ........................................ 163
3.3.1 Lokasi .................................................................................... 163
3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ....................................................... 163
BAB IV ................................................................................................... 169
4.1 Konsep Program .......................................................................... 169
4.1.1 Citra Arsitektural .................................................................... 169
4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ......................................................................... 169
4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi .................................................................... 170
4.2 Tujuan, Faktor Penentu, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ......... 170
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan.............................................................. 170
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................ 170
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .......................................... 172
4.3 PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................................................... 174
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan .................................................................. 174
4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur ........................................................ 179
4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ......................................................... 181
4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak .................................................... 183
BAB V .................................................................................................... 188
KAJIAN TEORI ...................................................................................... 188
5.1 Kajian Teori Tema Desain Arsitektur Art Deco ............................. 188
5.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain . 188
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5.1.2 Studi Preseden ..................................................................... 193
5.1.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan ..................................................... 196
5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........................................... 197
5.2.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain . 197
5.2.2 Studi Preseden ..................................................................... 203
5.2.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan ..................................................... 206
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... 207
LAMPIRAN............................................................................................. 209
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1 Mesin Gergaji (Table saw) .................................................. 32
Gambar 2. 2 Mesin gergaji pita ................................................................ 32
Gambar 2. 3 Mesin bubut ........................................................................ 32
Gambar 2. 4 Mesin Jointer ....................................................................... 33
Gambar 2. 5 Mesin Bor ( Drilling machine) .............................................. 33
Gambar 2. 6 Mesin router ........................................................................ 33
Gambar 2. 7 Mesin laser cutting .............................................................. 34
Gambar 2. 8 Mesin laser cutting mini ....................................................... 34
Gambar 2. 9 Mesin CNC router ............................................................... 34
Gambar 2. 10 Mesin CNC router mini ...................................................... 34
Gambar 2. 11 Mesin ekstraktor debu ...................................................... 35
Gambar 2. 12 Mesin jahit ......................................................................... 35
Gambar 2. 13 Mesin obras ...................................................................... 35
Gambar 2. 14 Gawangan ......................................................................... 36
Gambar 2. 15 Mesin press sablon ........................................................... 36
Gambar 2. 16 Rak kelos .......................................................................... 36
Gambar 2. 17 Alat tenun bukan mesin ..................................................... 37
Gambar 2. 18 Alat tenun mesin ............................................................... 37
Gambar 2. 19 3D printer .......................................................................... 37
Gambar 2. 20 Kayu mahoni ..................................................................... 39
Gambar 2. 21 Kayu pinus ........................................................................ 40
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Gambar 2. 22 Macam-macam kain .......................................................... 41
Gambar 2. 23 Peta Administrasi kota Bandung ....................................... 48
Gambar 2. 24 Suasana area workshop ................................................... 51
Gambar 2. 25 Area mesin metal .............................................................. 52
Gambar 2. 26 Ruang jahit ........................................................................ 52
Gambar 2. 27 Ruang Jahit dan desain .................................................... 54
Gambar 2. 28 Ruang mesin kayu ............................................................ 54
Gambar 2. 29 Ruang pamer .................................................................... 54
Gambar 2. 30 Lab fashion ....................................................................... 57
Gambar 2. 31 Area inkubasi animasi ....................................................... 57
Gambar 2. 32 Lab Craft ........................................................................... 57
Gambar 3. 1 Set area kerja tangan .......................................................... 92
Gambar 3. 2 Area kerja tangan ................................................................ 93
Gambar 3. 3 Area kerja mesin ................................................................. 95
Gambar 3. 4 Alat pelindung telinga .......................................................... 98
Gambar 3. 5 Pondasi batu belah ........................................................... 130
Gambar 3. 6 Pondasi footplate .............................................................. 130
Gambar 3. 7 Pondasi tiang pancang ...................................................... 131
Gambar 3. 8 Pondasi borepile ............................................................... 132
Gambar 3. 9 Struktur rangka.................................................................. 133
Gambar 3. 10 Struktur rangka beton ...................................................... 133
Gambar 3. 11 Plat lantai beton .............................................................. 134
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Gambar 3. 12 Space frame .................................................................... 135
Gambar 3. 13 Baja konvensional ........................................................... 135
Gambar 3. 14 Baja ringan ...................................................................... 136
Gambar 3. 15 Bata ringan ...................................................................... 137
Gambar 3. 16 Dinding kaca ................................................................... 137
Gambar 3. 17 Aluminium composit panel .............................................. 138
Gambar 3. 18 Kalsiboard ....................................................................... 138
Gambar 3. 19 Lantai keramik ................................................................. 139
Gambar 3. 20 Lantai Granit ................................................................... 140
Gambar 3. 21 Lantai parquet ................................................................. 140
Gambar 3. 22 Floor Hardener ................................................................ 141
Gambar 3. 23 Gypsumboard ................................................................. 141
Gambar 3. 24 Dak beton ........................................................................ 142
Gambar 3. 25 Skylight tempered glass .................................................. 143
Gambar 3. 26 Cross ventilation .............................................................. 147
Gambar 3. 27 AC split ............................................................................ 149
Gambar 3. 28 AC floor standing............................................................. 149
Gambar 3. 29 AC central ....................................................................... 150
Gambar 3. 30 Exhaust fan ..................................................................... 150
Gambar 3. 31 Lampu SL ........................................................................ 154
Gambar 3. 32 Lampu LED ..................................................................... 154
Gambar 3. 33 Escalator ......................................................................... 156
Gambar 3. 34 CCTV .............................................................................. 158
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Gambar 3. 35 Hydrant ........................................................................... 158
Gambar 3. 36 Sprinkler .......................................................................... 159
Gambar 3. 37 Fire alarm ........................................................................ 159
Gambar 3. 38 Tangga darurat................................................................ 160
Gambar 3. 39 Secondary skin................................................................ 161
Gambar 3. 40 Solar photovoltaic ............................................................ 162
Gambar 3. 41 Peta kecamatan Batununggal ......................................... 163
Gambar 3. 42 Alternatif tapak 1 ............................................................. 164
Gambar 3. 43 Alternatif tapak 2 ............................................................. 165
Gambar 3. 44 Alternatif tapak 3 ............................................................. 166
Gambar 4. 1 Peta tapak ......................................................................... 184
Gambar 4. 2 Foto tapak 1 ...................................................................... 186
Gambar 4. 3 Foto tapak 2 ...................................................................... 186
Gambar 4. 4 Foto tapak 3 ...................................................................... 186
Gambar 4. 5 Foto tapak 4 ...................................................................... 187
Gambar 5. 1 Floral deco ........................................................................ 190
Gambar 5. 2 Karakter Streamline Deco ................................................. 191
Gambar 5. 3 Streamline Deco................................................................ 191
Gambar 5. 4 Zig zag deco building ........................................................ 192
Gambar 5. 5 Villa Isola ........................................................................... 194
Gambar 5. 6 Hotel Savoy Homan .......................................................... 195
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Gambar 5. 7 Hotel Savoy Homan .......................................................... 195
Gambar 5. 8 Melewati ruang .................................................................. 198
Gambar 5. 9 Menembus ruang .............................................................. 199
Gambar 5. 10 Berakhir dalam ruang ...................................................... 199
Gambar 5. 11 Linear .............................................................................. 200
Gambar 5. 12 Radial .............................................................................. 201
Gambar 5. 13 Spiral ............................................................................... 201
Gambar 5. 14 Grid ................................................................................. 202
Gambar 5. 15 Jaringan .......................................................................... 202
Gambar 5. 16 Indoestri koridor .............................................................. 203
Gambar 5. 17 Indoestri workshop .......................................................... 203
Gambar 5. 18 Denah Lt. 1 Indoestri ....................................................... 204
Gambar 5. 19 Denah Lt. 2 Indoestri ....................................................... 205
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. 1 Perkembangan ekonomi kreatif ................................................ 2
Tabel 1. 2 Jumlah industri besar sedang menurut subsector ..................... 2
Tabel 1. 3 Jumlah industri besar sedang kabupaten-kota .......................... 3
Tabel 2. 1 Sarana fasilitas utama ............................................................. 29
Tabel 2. 2 Sarana fasilitas penunjang ...................................................... 29
Tabel 2. 3 Sarana fasilitas pengelola ....................................................... 30
Tabel 2. 4 Sarana fasilitas servis ............................................................. 31
Tabel 2. 5 Peralatan mesin kayu .............................................................. 35
Tabel 2. 6 Peralatan mesin jahit............................................................... 37
Tabel 2. 7 Peralatan ruang multimedia .................................................... 37
Tabel 2. 8 Alat kerja tangan ..................................................................... 39
Tabel 3. 1 Pengelompokan aktifitas utama .............................................. 64
Tabel 3. 2 Pengelompokan aktifitas penunjang ....................................... 64
Tabel 3. 3 Pengelompokan aktifitas pengelola ........................................ 67
Tabel 3. 4 Pengelompokan aktifitas servis ............................................... 69
Tabel 3. 5 Waktu operasional .................................................................. 75
Tabel 3. 6 Jumlah pengelola .................................................................... 76
Tabel 3. 7 jumlah pengunjung nuART space ........................................... 77
Tabel 3. 8 Kebutuhan ruang..................................................................... 80
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Tabel 3. 9 Sifat ruang utama .................................................................... 81
Tabel 3. 10 Sifat ruang penunjang ........................................................... 81
Tabel 3. 11 Sifat ruang pengelola ............................................................ 82
Tabel 3. 12 Sifat ruang servis .................................................................. 83
Tabel 3. 13 Persyaratan ruang................................................................. 87
Tabel 3. 14 Studi ruang kerja tangan ....................................................... 93
Tabel 3. 15 Tingkat kebisingan sesuai kawasan ...................................... 97
Tabel 3. 16 Studi ruang khusus workshop tekstil ................................... 100
Tabel 3. 17 Studi ruang jahit .................................................................. 102
Tabel 3. 18 Studi ruang batik ................................................................. 105
Tabel 3. 19 Studi ruang cuci jemur batik ................................................ 106
Tabel 3. 20 Studi ruang sablon .............................................................. 107
Tabel 3. 21 Studi ruang tenun ................................................................ 108
Tabel 3. 22 Besaran ruang utama .......................................................... 113
Tabel 3. 23 Besaran ruang penunjang ................................................... 115
Tabel 3. 24 Besaran ruang pengelola .................................................... 121
Tabel 3. 25 Besaran ruang pelayanan ................................................... 124
Tabel 3. 26 Parkir pengelola .................................................................. 126
Tabel 3. 27 Parkir pengunjung ............................................................... 127
Tabel 4. 1 Fasilitas utama ...................................................................... 175
Tabel 4. 2 Fasilitas penunjang ............................................................... 176
Tabel 4. 3 Fasilitas pengelola ................................................................ 176
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Tabel 4. 4 Fasilitas pelayanan ( servis) .................................................. 177
Tabel 4. 5 Luas bangunan ..................................................................... 178
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DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2. 1 Struktur organisasi pengelola ................................................ 23
Bagan 2. 2 Struktur organisasi pengunjung ............................................. 25
Bagan 3. 1 Pola aktifitas datang umum .................................................. 70
Bagan 3. 2 Pola aktivitas pergi umum ..................................................... 70
Bagan 3. 3 Pola aktifutas pengunjung .................................................... 71
Bagan 3. 4 Pola aktifitas pengelola 1 ...................................................... 72
Bagan 3. 5 Pola aktifitas pengelola 2 ...................................................... 73
Bagan 3. 6 Pola aktifitas pengelola 3 ...................................................... 74
Bagan 3. 7 Pola ruang makro ................................................................. 88
Bagan 3. 8 Pola ruang mikro utama ........................................................ 89
Bagan 3. 9 Pola ruang mikro pengelola .................................................. 90
Bagan 3. 10 Pola ruang mikro servis ...................................................... 91
Bagan 3. 11 Sistem up feed .................................................................. 144
Bagan 3. 12 Sistem Down feed............................................................. 145