King Williams War/ Queen Annes War

By: Shelly FlorisJanelle SikmaTiffany VanWinkoopKing Williams War/ Queen Annes WarWilliam of Orange became king of England when King James II was disposed. Called the Glorious Revolution.William joined the League of Augsburg.This is where the war got its other name, War of the Grand Alliance,King Williams War

Remember meThe League of Augsburg also called the Grand Alliance, consisted of Austria, Bavaria, England, the Holy Roman Empire, Portugal, Scotland, Spain, Swedenetc vs France. All these nations formed to stop Louis XIVs attempt to expand France.Causes of War

VS

What did I do?King Williams war was fought in North America between 1689-1697The Dominion of New England (Iroquois, Mohawk) was against New France(Abeneki, Pennecook, Huron)The people were fighting mostly for control of the fur tradeNew Englands Catholic governor was deposed in 1689 but he had raided French colonies.War in North America

Edmund Andros, the governorAbenaki and Pennacock Indians under French commands raided Dover, New Hampshire.They killed more than 20 and took 29 captives.Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin (lets hope no one has a longer name than that) in retaliation to Governor Andros attack, raided Pemaquid (Near Maine).War in North America

HereHereColonel Benjamin Church (English) after fighting in King Phillips war, led an expedition to present day MaineThe only successful campaign was defending Falmouth, present day Portland.The Retaliations

Look at me, Im awesomeIn August of 1689, the Iroquois attacked Lachine a French Settlement.The governor of New France then attacked an Iroquois settlement of Onondaga.New France led several other attacks the most notable being the Schenectady Massacre.The Retaliations

200 Frenchmen along with Algonquin and Sault raiders went from Montreal to English outposts.The Stockade of Schenectady was left unguarded. 60 were killed and 27 taken prisoner.

The Schenectady Massacre

In 1690 Port Royal was attacked by the English.The English had 736 men verses Frances 80.The English won, obviously but one of the men defending was Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste well come back to him later

Attack on Port Royal

One of his ships though I dont think it was green or purpleThe only major English attack was the Quebec expedition in October of 1690. It was an attempt to seize Montreal, New Frances capital.William Phips the English commander sent an envoy to Louis de Buade de Frontenac.The Quebec expedition

The location had rocky cliffs and shallow waters, bad for boats.Frontenac was smart in saying, I have no reply to make to your general other than from the mouths of my cannons and muskets.The Quebec expedition

Notice this comes from a guy in a powdered wig34 ships surrounded Quebec, as the fighting last three days.The cold drove the fleet away, otherwise theyd be frozen onto the waterOverall 150 attackers were killed, as they licked their wounds and went home. The Quebec expedition

In 1696, the French and Abenaki and our old friend Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste besieged Pemaquidagain.Benjamin Church in retaliation, attacked Acadian communities and Baptiste defended.The Final Retaliation

Look at me, Im still awesome!In 1697 the English and French came together for the Treaty of Ryswick.This treaty stated that every town captured before William of Orange came to power was to be restored.France surrendered several towns to the Holy Roman Empire.

Peace?

The treaty, in French?France was given Haiti (which is why they speak French) and Nova Scotia.In North America nothing was solved and every city returned to its original country.For the Iroquois, loses were hardest because of weak English allies. All in all, nothing was solved.

Peace?

Oh, sorry, Bourbon got Spain besides thatQueen Annes war

Yes we know shes ugly.. Theres nothing we can do about thatAlso called The War of the Spanish SuccessionWar was fought from 1702-1713The problem was the conflict on who should be the successor to the Spanish throne, hence the name.

The Beginnings

?17Another issue came up.Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor wanted to protect the claim to the Spanish inheritance.And Louis XIV still wanted to expand FranceAlso, unresolved issues from King Williams war came up.

The Beginnings

Leopold IThe English fought in many different places in North America:

Spanish Florida and the English Province of CarolinaNew England and AcadiaQuebecNewfoundland

After all these battles came peace and the end of the war.

Battles

Quebec expeditionThese two were the main battlesAlexandre Leneuf de La Vallire de Beaubassin (we found a winner!) led attacks against New England (and many others joined)Many different raids between French, English, and the natives continued until the end of the war.New England tried to take Acadia, led by Benjamin Church British finally captured Port Royal, Acadias capital.

In New England and Acadia

I didnt capture it but Ill smile anyhow!In 1704 England made an unsuccessful attack by sea and another in 1707.Three years later the British decided to help.Francis Nicholson led a third attack, this time capturing Port Royal, changing the name to Annapolis for Queen Anne, and Acadia to Nova Scotia.Capture of Port Royal

In 1709 Colonel Nicholson and Samuel Vetch along with the queen planned an attacked on Montreal.They wanted to arrive overland and by sea by Lake Champlain .The land expedition arrived butHowever the promised naval fleet never arrived and so they didnt attack.

Expeditions against Quebec

The plan for 1711 again called for land and sea-based attacks; its execution was a disaster.Colonel Nicholson, Hovenden Walker and Samuel Vetch organized the assault.The plan was Walker would oversee the entire expedition; Vetch would go by sea and Nicholson by land.

Expeditions against Quebec

If at first you dont succeed.. Try, try, and fail again!A large east wind brought the ships west.Thinking they were going north, the captain did not realize they were heading near the rocks.740 died and eight ships were lost.Land battalion left upon hearing the loss.Considered at the time one of the worst naval disasters in British history.Expeditions against QuebecIn 1712, Britain and France made a final peace agreement which was signed the following yearCalled Treaty of UtrechtKing Louis XIVs grandson Philip became king of Spain but had to give up his claim on the French throne.

Treaty of Utrecht

Charles VI remained Holy Roman Emperor.Spanish Empire also divided.Savoy received Sicily and parts of the Dutchy of MilanHoly Roman Empire received the Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia and most of the Dutchy of Milan.Treaty of Utrecht

Someone doesnt look very happyFrance gave England its claims to Hudson Bay territories in Ruperts land, Newfoundland, and Acadia.France was also forced to recognized Englands power over the Iroquois.Treaty of Utrecht

European control in North America

French fortress built at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, CanadaThe original fortress, constructed mainly between 1720 and 1740It was one of the most extensive (and expensive) European fortifications constructed in North America.

The Fortress of Louisbourg

Because of the treaty, England had most of Acadia.However, the French still kept most of their colonies of le Royale, le St-Jean (PEI), Canada and Louisiana.le Royale was their only land on the Atlantic seaboard, and so to fortify it built the fortress of Louisbourg.It guarded the entrance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and became a winter port for French navel forcesThe Fortress of Louisbourg

The plans for construction