Unit 6 Lecture 4

Kingdom Fungiaka Kingdom Mycetaeeukaryotes

[domain Eukarya]unicellular or

multicellularheterotrophic

saphrophyticmutualisticparasitic

Kingdom Fungiimmobilesexual and asexual reproductiondiverse in color, location, and shape/size

Amillaria mushroom in Mimost similar in appearance to plants,

but similar in DNA to animals

Fungus Structurehypha(e) – thread-like

strings of nucleicome from sporescan be tiny to acres largefeeding system

[like plant roots]secrete enzymes to

digest materialshyphae

Fungus Structurehypha(e) – thread-like

strings of nucleican be partitioned

with septa(e)septate / coenocytic

mycelium – group of hyphae

hyphae

Fungus Structurehypha(e) – thread-like

strings of nucleihaustorium – tip of

parasitic fungi; penetrates host tissueto feed

hyphae

Fungus Structurechitin – makes up

cell walls of fungigives strength

and flexibility

hyphae

DiscussWhat is the difference between the

composition of plant cell walls vs that of fungal cell walls?

What two functions can hyphae serve for a fungus?

Fungus Structurefruiting body – grows above

the soil; produces sporesin some types, this is the

mushroom pileus – capscales – make up cap

hyphae

pileus

scales

Fungus Structurefruiting body – grows above

the soil; produces sporeslamella(e) – gill(s)annulus – ring stape - stemvolva – cup

hyphae

pileus

scaleslamellae

stape

volva

annulus

Economic Importance

HarmThough fungi can be extraordinarily

beneficial to us and to the ecosystem [decomposers], they can also be harmfulplant damage – “rusts”toxins in fooddiseases

DiscussName two beneficial uses for fungi.

Name one harmful fungus for a human.

Name the most economically important fungus.

SymbiosisLichen

fungus + alga most are phylum

ascomycotaneed light, air,

water, & mineralspioneer speciesfunction as

biological indicator

SymbiosisMycorrhizae

fungus + plantmost are phylum zygomycotahyphae grow

through plant rootsabsorb minerals for

plant, plant gives fungus organic sugars and amino acids

may help with water retention

Symbiosiswood-boring beetlesother plants – orchids cannot germinate w/o

fungus

DiscussWhat is the symbiotic partner of a

lichen?mycorrhiza?

What does it mean that lichens function as “biological indicators”?

What other organisms can also be “indicators”?

Phylaphyla are grouped by

the type of spores they create:zygomycotaascomycotabasidiomycotadeuteromycota

PhylaZygomycota

sexual [zygospores] & asexualzygospore – thick-walled hearty spores

which form sexually and last through harsh conditions

coenocytic hyphae [no septa]most are decomposers [bread mold]

PhylaAscomycota – the sac fungi

largest & most economically important group

sexual [ascospores] & asexualascospore – spore which

develops in sac-like structure called an ascus

ex: yeast, lichens, morels, blue/green/red/brown molds

PhylaBasidiomycota – the club fungi

most are saprobes/saphrophytessexual [basidiospores] & asexual

basidiospore – develop on gills of mushroom in club-shaped structures called basidia

ex: mushrooms, puffballs, shelf-fungi [on trees], bird’s nest fungi, plant rusts

PhylaDeuteromycota – the imperfect fungi

asexual reproduction only useful in making food

cheese, jams, anything “fruit-flavored” for citric acid

ex: Penicillium spp., ringworm, blue stuff in bleu cheese

DiscussHow are fungal phyla separated?

Which phylum reproduces…using zygospores?only asexually?using spores in sacs?using spores in club-shaped structures?

HomeworkBDOL 20.1 and BDOL 20.2 worksheet