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Kingdom Protista: Part 2
Photosynthetic Phyla (the algae)
• Myzozoa- dinoflagellates.• Euglenozoa- euglenoids.• Cryptophyta- cryptomonads.• Haptophyta- haptophytes.• Chlorophyta- green algae.• Rhodophyta- red algae.• Heterokontophyta- heterokont algae.
– Phaeophyceae- brown algae.– Chrysophyceae- golden-brown algae.– Bacillariophyceae- diatoms.
Cryptophyta- cryptomonads
• Characteristics– Unicellular.– Chlorophylls A & C, phycobilins.– Food reserve- starch within 2 chloroplast
membranes.– Thylakoids in 2.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– 2 flagella, both with hairs (dbl. & single).– No cell wall, proteinaceous periplast
plates.• Habitat- marine & freshwater.• 200 species.• Examples- Cryptomonas.
Haptophyta- haptophytes
• Characteristics– Unicellular.– Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin.– Food reserve- chrysolaminarin in
vesicles.– Thylakoids in 3.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– 2 whiplash flagella and 1 haptonema.– No cell wall, covered with scales of
cellulose or calcium carbonate.
• Habitat- marine & freshwater.• 300 species.• Examples- Prymnesium &
Phaeocystis.
Chlorophyta- green algae
• Characteristics– Unicellular and multicellular.– Chlorophylls A & B, carotenoids.– Food reserve- starch in chloroplast.– Thylakoids in 3-6.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– Highly variable; 0, 2, 4, multi-
flagellated; whiplash when present.– Cell wall cellulosic.
• Habitat- marine & freshwater.• 17,000 species.• Examples- Ulva, Codium,
Chlorella, Volvox, Chara, Chlamydomonas, Closterium.
Charales- Coleochaete
Rhodophyta- red algae
• Characteristics– Multicellular.– Chlorophylls A & D, phycobilins.– Food reserve- floridean starch in
cytoplasm.– Thylakoids occur singly.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– No flagella.– Pit connections.– Cell wall with cellulose & galactans.
• Habitat- marine & freshwater.• 6,000 species.• Examples- Polysiphonia, Porphyra,
Batrachospermum, Corallina.
Heterokontophyta- heterokonts
Phaeophyceae- brown algae• Characteristics
– Multicellular.– Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin.– Food reserve- mannitol &
laminarin in sac.– Thylakoids in 3.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– 2 flagella, 1 tinsel & 1 whiplash.– Cell wall cellulosic with alginate.
• Habitat- marine.• 2,000 species.• Examples- Fucus, Macrocystis,
Laminaria, Nereocystis, Ectocarpus, Sargassum.
Chrysophyceae- golden-brown algae
• Characteristics– Unicellular, colonial.– Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin.– Food reserve- chrysolaminarin in
vesicle.– Thylakoids in 3.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– Most= 2 flagella, 1 tinsel & 1
whiplash.– Cell wall cellulosic, silica, or none.
• Habitat- marine and freshwater.• 1,000 species.• Examples- Dinobryon, Synura.
Bacillariophyceae- diatoms
• Characteristics– Unicellular, colonial.– Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin.– Food reserve- chrysolaminarin in vesicles.– Thylakoids in 3.– Eukaryotic nucleus.– No flagella, or 1 tinsel on male gamete.– Cell wall is silica and made of 2 frustules.
• Habitat- marine and freshwater.• 100,000 species.• Examples- Acnanthes, Bacillaria,
Licmophora, Navicula, Coscinodiscus.
Frustule Morphology