Kings of EnglandKings of Englandandand

The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta

William the William the ConquerorConqueror-1066: William led -1066: William led

an army of Norman an army of Norman knights across the knights across the channel to Englandchannel to England

-known as the Battle -known as the Battle of Hastingsof Hastings

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_0qZ6_cf6cvg/TST7lsJsNcI/AAAAAAAAAK4/D_LZ-o5thpQ/s1600/Battle%2Bof%2BHastings.jpg

-English were defeated

William the William the ConquerorConqueror-William became King -William became King

William I of EnglandWilliam I of England

-at first English -at first English resisted his rule, resisted his rule, however, became however, became more accepting after more accepting after he kept many of he kept many of their laws and type their laws and type of govt.of govt.

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-the English learned Norman customs, the French language & architecture, and new artisan skills

Richard the Richard the LionheartLionheart

-busy with the -busy with the Crusades rather Crusades rather than ruling Englandthan ruling England

-died in 1199 from an -died in 1199 from an arrow woundarrow wound

http://thebsreport.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/richard.jpg

John, Richard’s John, Richard’s brotherbrother

-became King of -became King of EnglandEngland

- taxes; made - taxes; made nobles angrynobles angry

-1215: forced to sign -1215: forced to sign the Magna Cartathe Magna Carta http://www.berkshirehistory.com/villages/images/windsor_john.jpg

Magna Carta Magna Carta

excerpt analysisexcerpt analysis

"The Church is free "The Church is free to make its own to make its own appointments."appointments."

Meaning: The Church Meaning: The Church had the final say who had the final say who was appointed to was appointed to Church positions of Church positions of power. power.

"No more than the normal "No more than the normal amounts of money can amounts of money can be collected to run the be collected to run the government, unless the government, unless the king's feudal tenants king's feudal tenants give their consent."give their consent."

Meaning: The King was Meaning: The King was not allowed to demand not allowed to demand more money (taxes) more money (taxes) from people unless the from people unless the Great Council agreed.Great Council agreed.

"No free man shall be "No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or stripped of his rights or possessions... except by possessions... except by the lawful judgment of the lawful judgment of his peers." his peers."

Every free male has the Every free male has the right to a fair trial.right to a fair trial.

Other Magna Carta Other Magna Carta DeclarationsDeclarations

-took away some of -took away some of the King’s power & the King’s power & gave more to gave more to noblesnobles

-the King is not -the King is not above the lawabove the law

http://www.dutiel.com/webquests/test/images/magna_carta_thumb.jpg

-Magna Carta=Great -Magna Carta=Great Charter Charter

(charters are (charters are documents that documents that allow towns to allow towns to control their own control their own affairs)affairs)

http://www.thedctraveler.com/files/2007/09/magna-carta-at-the-national-archives.jpg

Magna Carta Q & AMagna Carta Q & A(courtesy of the British Library)(courtesy of the British Library)

Why is it so hard to Why is it so hard to read?read?

The scribes wrote in The scribes wrote in medieval Latin. medieval Latin. They also followed They also followed the usual practice the usual practice of abbreviating of abbreviating words to save space words to save space on the parchment, on the parchment, because it was so because it was so expensive to expensive to produce.  produce. 

http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/magna_6.html

Magna Carta Q & AMagna Carta Q & A(courtesy of the British Library)(courtesy of the British Library)

What kind of material What kind of material was it written on?was it written on?

The Magna Carta The Magna Carta was written on was written on parchment, not on parchment, not on paper. Parchment paper. Parchment was the normal was the normal writing material in writing material in England at the England at the time (it was made time (it was made from sheepskin)from sheepskin)

http://www.isle-dso.eu.dodea.edu/et/Projects/Constitution/parchmentbase.jpg

Magna Carta Q & AMagna Carta Q & A(courtesy of the British Library)(courtesy of the British Library)

There are four known There are four known copies of the Magna copies of the Magna Carta; why is one burnt?Carta; why is one burnt?

Both copies of Magna Both copies of Magna Carta in the British Carta in the British Library came from a Library came from a collection of collection of manuscripts owned by manuscripts owned by Sir Robert Cotton. In Sir Robert Cotton. In 1731, there was a fire 1731, there was a fire where his collection was where his collection was kept. kept. 

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/images/citizen_subject/magna_carta.jpg

Magna Carta Q & AMagna Carta Q & A(courtesy of the British Library)(courtesy of the British Library)

Why is the Magna Why is the Magna Carta so Carta so important?important?

It was the first action It was the first action by an English king by an English king to set limits on to set limits on royal authority.  royal authority. 

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Simon de Simon de MontfortMontfort-1264 became King-1264 became King

-let more people have -let more people have representatives in representatives in Great CouncilGreat Council

http://www.s9.com/images/portraits/21027_Montfort-Simon-De.jpg

Edward the FirstEdward the First-made Parliament-made Parliament

-gave people an even -gave people an even greater share in the greater share in the ruling of Englandruling of England

http://www.middletemple.org.uk/Images/h_edward_i.jpg

http://www.wright.edu/~martin.kich/GLR/Glr5/Images/Ph10.jpg

BibliographyBibliographyEngland. British Library. England. British Library. The British LibraryThe British Library. Claire Breay. The British Library Board. . Claire Breay. The British Library Board.

Web. 28 Feb. 2010. Web. 28 Feb. 2010.

<http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/virtual_curator/vcindex.html>.<http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/virtual_curator/vcindex.html>.