Energy'Code'Compliance:'

Wood$Frame*Buildings*and*the*IECC*Maryland,)Virginia)&)DC)

Presented*27*August*2014*by*Andrew*Klein,*P.E.*

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© A S Klein Engineering, PLLC 2014!

“The*Wood*Products*Council”*is*a*Registered*Provider*with*The*American*InsJtute*of*Architects*ConJnuing*EducaJon*Systems*(AIA/CES),*Provider*#G516.**!Credit(s)*earned*on*compleJon*of*this*course*will*be*reported*to*AIA*CES*for*AIA*members.*CerJficates*of*CompleJon*for*both*AIA*members*and*non$AIA*members*are*available*upon*request.***

This*course*is*registered*with*AIA*CES*for*conJnuing*professional*educaJon.*As*such,*it*does*not*include*content*that*may*be*deemed*or*construed*to*be*an*approval*or*endorsement*by*the*AIA*of*any*material*of*construcJon*or*any*method*or*manner*of*handling,*using,*distribuJng,*or*dealing*in*any*material*or*product.*___________________________________________

QuesJons*related*to*specific*materials,*methods,*and*services*will*be*addressed*at*the*conclusion*of*this*presentaJon.**

*

Course'Descrip5on'

This*presentaJon*focuses*on*the*challenges*of* meeJng* 2012* InternaJonal* Energy*ConservaJon* Code* (IECC)* requirements* in*modern* wood$frame* buildings,* as* well* as*related* design* consideraJons.* Topics* will*include* the* code’s* scope,* content* and*significant* changes* since* the* 2009* ediJon.*Compliance* path* opJons* will* also* be*discussed*in*the*context*of*specific*building*systems*and*features.*

Learning'Objec5ves'

1.  Discuss*the*scope,*purpose*and*requirements*of*the* 2012* InternaJonal* Energy* ConservaJon*Code* (IECC)* to* aid* designers* in* their*unders tand ing* o f* min imum* efficiency*requirements*affecJng*energy*consumpJon*and*environmental* performance* improvement* of*buildings*

2.  IdenJfy* significant* changes* between* the* 2009*and*2012*IECC*

3.  Consider* the* various* paths* of* compliance* with*the*IECC*when*designing*a*wood$frame*building*bridging*the*gap*between*code*and*applicaJon*

4.  IdenJfy* soluJons* to* common* design* and*construcJon* issues* related* to* energy* code*requirements*

Purpose'of'the'IECC'•  Model*code*•  Developed*by*ICC*•  Local*governments*adopt*•  Add*amendments*

46'States,'DC,'PR'&'VI'

Development'of'the'IECC'

•  Model*Code*developed*by*ICC*•  Updated*on*a*three$year*cycle*•  Consensus*process*•  Public*Development*Process*

IECC'Climate'Zones'

Climate'Zone''•  IECC*classifies*each*geographic*locaJon*1$8*•  Based*on*historical:*

•  HeaJng*and*cooling*climate*paeerns*•  Amount*of*precipitaJon*

Higher'CZs'–'Northern'

Lower'CZs'–'Southern'

Scope'of'the'IECC'•  The*2012*IECC*is*split*into*two*

secJons:*•  ResidenJal*secJon*•  Commercial*secJon*–**

Code' Residen5al'IECC' 1'&'2'Family'Detached'

Townhouses'RP2,'RP3'&'RP4'Buildings'≤'3'Stories'above'Grade'

Oregon' RP3'Buildings'Reg.'under'IRC'

Scope'of'the'IECC'

•  Commercial*buildings*containing*residenJal*occupancies*!  Singled$out*in*Sec5on'C402'!  More*stringent*building*envelope*requirements*

Applica5on'of'the'IECC'New*construcJon*

Some*addiJons,*alteraJons,*renovaJons*and*repairs*C101.4.3)lists)8)exemp>ons)

Applica5on'of'the'IECC'

Change*in*occupancy*that*increases*fossil*fuels*use*AddiJon*of*space*condiJoning*to*non$condiJoned*space***

Historic*buildings*are*exempt*(C101.4.2)*

IECC'regulates:'! Building*envelope*!  LighJng*systems*! Mechanical*systems*

!  Space$condiJoning*!  Service*water*heaJng*

Almost*any*change*in*occupancy*or*use***

Full)Compliance)

Ligh>ng)Requirements)

Paths'of'Compliance'

Mandatory'Sec5ons'!  Air*leakage*(C402.4)*!  Mechanical*(C403.2*&*C404)*!  Electrical*power*&*lighJng*(C405)**

1.  PrescripJve*2.  Performance*3.  ASHRAE*90.1*4.  Above$Code*Programs*

ASHRAE'90.1'has'its'own'mandatory'sec5ons'

Prescrip5ve'Path'

Simplest*for*small$to$moderately*sized*buildings*All*components*meet*a*prescribed*set*of*requirements**

•  On*an*Individual*basis*•  Building*envelope*(C402)*•  HVAC*(C403)*•  Water*heaJng*(C404)*•  LighJng*&*electrical*(C405)*

Prescrip5ve'Path'

Sec5on' Op5on'1' Op5on'2' Op5on'3'C402'–'Building'Envelope'

C402.1.1**R$value*

C402.1.2*U$factor*Alt.*

**

C403'–'Building'Mechanical'Systems'

C403.3*Simple*

C403.3*Complex*

**

C404'–'Service'Water'Hea5ng'

Mandatory*Provisions*

** **

C405'–'Electrical'Power'&'Ligh5ng'

Building*Area*Method*

Space$by$Space*Method*

**

C406'–'Addi5onal'Energy'Package'

C406.2*Efficient*HVAC*

C406.3*Efficient*LighJng*

C406.4*Onsite*Renewables*

Component!performance!alterna0ve!

2015!IECC!

Total'Building'Performance'Path' C'4'0'7'

Mandatory'sec5ons:'required'to'be'met''

ASHRAE'90.1'Alterna5ve'PrescripJve*and*performance$based*compliance*paths*

Chapter' Op5on'1' Op5on'2'

5'–'Building'Envelope' PrescripJve*BE* BE*Trade$off*

6'–'Hea5ng,'Ven5la5on,'and'A/C'

6.3*Simplified*Approach*

6.4*&*6.5*Mandatory*&*Prescrip.*

7'–'Service'Water'Hea5ng'

Mandatory*&*Prescrip.*

**

8'–'Power' Mandatory* **

9'–'Ligh5ng' 9.5*BA*method* 9.6*SbS*method*

AbovePCode'Programs'

!  Alternate*Means*!  Subject*to*approval*!  Full*compliance*&*accreditaJon*

Mandatory!sec0ons!are!required!to!be!met!

C102.1.1'

Significant'Differences:'IECC'vs'ASHRAE'

IECC' ASHRAE'

More*Stringent:* More*Stringent:*

Economizers* PrescripJve*LighJng*Power*Limits*(SecJon*9)*

Fan*Motors*

Add’l*Eff*Package*(C406)*

HVAC*Commissioning*

480,000*Btu/h*cooling* 50,000*n2*

Mechanical'Commissioning'in'WA'

C408.2'Mechanical'systems'commissioning'and'comple5on'requirements.'…*Excep5on:'Systems*which*(a)*qualify)as)simple)systems…(b)*are*not)required)to)have)an)economizer*per*SecJon*C403.3.1,*and*(c)*where*the*building)total)mechanical)equipment)capacity)is*less*than*480,000*Btu/h*(140,690*W)*cooling*capacity*and*600,000*Btu/h*(175,860*W)*heaJng*capacity.**C403.3.1'Economizers.'Each*cooling*system*that'has'a'fan'shall*include*an*air*economizer…**Excep5on:*Economizers*are*not*required*for…*…systems*with*a*total*cooling*capacity…of*less*than*33,000*Btu/h…with*SEER*and*EER*values)more)than)15)percent)higher)than)minimum)efficiencies)listed*in*Tables*C403.2.3*(1)*through*(3)…*

Significant'Differences'Between'Paths'ASHRAE'90.1'•  WindowPtoPwall'ra5o'up'to'40%''•  Skylight'roof'area'up'to'5%'•  Fenestra5on'area'of'S'façade'>'E'or'W'''''''''The'2012'IECC'•  WindowPtoPwall'ra5o'up'to'30%''•  Skylight'roof'area'up'to'3%'

•  With'excep5ons''How!wall!is!defined!further!limits!IECC!area!'

Significant'Differences'Between'Paths'

8'h'x'5'h'

40'h'40'h'

Below'Grade' 10'h'30'h'

IECC:''AboveCGrade'Wall'Area'1200'h2''Fenestra5on'Area:'

ASHRAE:''Gross!Wall!Area'1600'h2''Fenestra5on'Area:'

Total'Window'Area:'240'h2'

20%!

15%!

Significant'Changes'in'the'2012'IECC'!  Tightened*thermal*envelope*

********(C402))

!  30%*verJcal*fenestraJon*area*********(C402.3.1))

!  ConJnuous*air*barrier*********(C402.4.1))

!  Add’l*efficiency*package*opJon*********(C406))

!  Commissioning*********(C408))

Significant'Changes'in'the'2012'IECC'Sec5on'C402.3.2,'Minimum'skylight'fenestra5on'area''

Enclosed'spaces'greater'than'10,000'h2'of'certain'uses''

Directly'Under'Roof'

Ceilings'>

'15'h'

Common'Design'Considera5ons'

Integrated'systems'and'components'!  Occupant'Comfort'!  Safety'!  Aesthe5cs'!  Overall'energy'performance'

Building'Envelope'Tradeoff'

Building'Envelope'Tradeoff'

Building'Envelope'Tradeoff'Table'C402.3''•  Thermal'performance'requirements'of'fenestra5on'

•  Other'than'opaque'doors'•  AreaPweighted'average'UPfactors'are'permijed'to'

sa5sfy'the'requirements'of'each'product'category'listed'•  Entrance!doors!are!allowed!a!higher!UCfactor!

Building'Envelope'Tradeoff'(2015!IECC)!

Where:''A*=*Sum*of*the*(UA*Dif)*values*B*=*Sum*of*the*(FL*Dif)*values*C*=*Sum*of*the*(CA*Dif)*values*D*=*(DA*k'UV)*$*(DA*k'UWall),*but*not*less*than*zero*E*=*(EA*k'US)*$*(EA*k'URoof),*but*not*less*than*zero*

C402.1.5'Component'performance'alterna5ve.'Building*envelope*values*and*fenestraJon*areas*determined*in*accordance*with*EquaJon*4$2*shall*be*permieed*in*lieu*of*compliance*with*the*U$,*F$*and*C$factors*in*Tables*C402.1.3*and*C402.1.4*and*the*maximum*allowable*fenestraJon*areas*in*SecJon*C402.4.1.****************************************A*+*B*+*C*+*D*+*E*≤*Zero*(Equa5on'4P2)*

Building'Envelope'Air'Leakage'(C402.4)'

Fenestra5on'Assembly' Max imum'Rate'(CFM/h2)'

Test'Procedure'

Windows' 0.20*AAMA/WDMA/*

CSA101/I.S.2/A440*or*

NFRC*400*

Sliding'Doors' 0.20*Swinging'Doors' 0.20*Skylights'w/'cond.'weepage'openings' 0.30*Skylights'–'all'others' 0.20*Curtain'walls' 0.06*

NFRC*400*or*

ASTM*E*283*

Storefront'glazing' 0.06*Glazed'swinging'entrance'doors' 1.00*Revolving'doors' 1.00*Garage'doors' 0.40* ANSI/DASMA*105,*

NFRC*400,*or*ASTM*E*283*Rolling'doors' 1.00*

!  ConJnuous*air*barrier*!  Recessed*lights*–*2.0*cfm*tested*iaw*ASTM*E*283*!  FenestraJon*assembles*–*IECC*Table*C402.4.3*

Mandatory!

Building'Envelope'Air'Leakage'!  Materials*$>*

air*permeability*≤*0.004*cfm/n2*

!  15)materials)listed)

!  Assemblies*$>*air*leakage*rate*≤*0.04*cfm/n2*

!  2)assemblies)listed)

!  Full*building*test*$>*air*leakage*rate*≤*0.40*cfm/n2*

!  ASHRAE*90.1*has*similar*mandatory*requirements*

'''SemiPHeated'Spaces'

Space'

2012'IECC' ASHRAE'90.1'

All*Climate*Zones*

Climate*Zones*1*&*2*

Climate*Zone*3*

Climate*Zones*4*&*5*

Climate*Zones*6*&*7*

Climate*Zone*8*

Uncondi5oned' <*3.4*Btu/h"n2*

Semiheated' n/a*≥*3.4*Btu/h"n2*<*5.0*Btu/h"n2*

≥*3.4*Btu/h"n2*<*10*Btu/h"n2*

≥*3.4*Btu/h"n2*<*15*Btu/h"n2*

≥*3.4*Btu/h"n2*<*20*Btu/h"n2*

≥*3.4*Btu/h"n2*<*25*Btu/h"n2*

Condi5oned' ≥*3.4*Btu/h"n2* ≥*5.0*Btu/h"n2* ≥*10*Btu/h"n2* ≥*15*Btu/h"n2* ≥*20*Btu/h"n2* ≥*25*Btu/h"n2*

Ligh5ng'Densi5es'

!  Amount*of*energy*required*to*light*a*building*

!  Total*power*consumpJon*of*the*lighJng*systems*divided*by*the*total*floor*area*

!  Mandatory*in*both*the*2012*IECC*and*ASHRAE*90.1*!  Space$by$Space*method*allows*tradeoffs*among*

spaces*!  Building*Area*method*requires*each*conJguous*

building*area*type*comply*on*its*own*

Ligh5ng'Densi5es'Building'Area'Method'Table'C405.5.2(1)''Total'Building'Area:'55)P)x)30)P)=)1650)P2)LPD:'1.4'w/h2'for'Dining:'cafeteria/fast'food''Ligh5ng'Power'Allowance:'2310'wajs'

Kitchen'Area'

15'h'x'15'h'

Dining'Area'

SpacePbyPSpace'Method'Table'C405.5.2(2)''Food'Prepara5on'Area:'525'h2'@'1.2'w/h2'

Restroom'Area:'225'h2'@'1.0'w/h2'

Dining'Area:'900'h2'@'1.4'w/h2'

'Ligh5ng'Power'Allowance:'2115'wajs''''

Fast'Food'Dining'Establishment'

20'h'x'15'h'

20'h'x'30'h'

15'h'x'35'h'

Restroom'Area'

30'h'

55'h'

Onsite'Renewable'Energy'

Prescrip5ve'Minimum*raJngs*(C406.4):*!  1850*waes*!  0.5*waes*per*n2*cond.*floor*area*!  3%*of*the*energy*used*within*building*Great*for*buildings*with*tenant*spaces*

AbovePCode'Many*award*credit*for*on$site*renewable*energy*

Performance'Omission*of*energy*from*non$depletable*sources*collected*on$site*from*annual*energy*cost*of*the*proposed)design)

Examples*of*on$site*renewable*energy*include:**!  Solar*PV/thermal*!  Wind*!  Geothermal*heaJng/electric*!  Biomass*!  Biogas*

Dayligh5ng'

Opaque'Par55on'!  5'h'in'height'(ASHRAE)'!  Ceiling'height'(IECC)'

15'h'PorP'Window'Head'Height'

2'h'

Dayligh5ng'

Minimum)dayligh>ng)areas)and*automa>c)controls)play*a*role*in*permiyng:*!  Increased*fenestraJon*and*skylight*area*

(C402.3.1.1/2))

!  Increased*skylight*SHGCs*&*U$factors*(C402.3.3.3/4))

!  Requirements:*!  2,500*n2**!  Independent*

controls*!  Dimming*to*35%*

*

Skylights'

Sec0on!C303.1.3!–'default'UPfactors'and'SHGCs'Table!C402.3!–'maximum'values'by'Climate'Zone'

Any'glazing'material'installed'<'60'degrees'from'horizontal'

Prescrip5ve'path'in'the'IECC'!  5%'of'the'gross!roof!area!

!  'Automa5c'controls'!  3%'of'the'gross!roof!area!

!  'Manual'controls'''

Minimum'Skylight'Fenestra5on'Area'

Daylight'Zone:'10,800'/'12,000'='90%'

120'h'x'100'h'space' 20'h'ceilings'

4'h'x'5'h'skylights' 24'h'x25'h'Daylight'Zone'

Conclusion'

Keeping*code*requirements*in*mind*during*the*design*phase*of*a*building*keeps*opJons*open*that*contribute*to*the*aestheJcs*and*funcJons*of*the*building.**Wood*construcJon*easily*meets*the*rigorous*requirements*of*the*2012*IECC*&*ASHRAE,*and*the*Code*is*progressive*with*respect*to*wood*construcJon.*The*proper*design*and*construcJon*of*the*building*envelope*is*only*one*piece*of*a*code$compliant*and*energy*efficient*building,*however*it*sets*the*stage*for*the*efficient*performance*of*the*building*over*its*enJre*lifeJme.**

Ques5ons?'

This*concludes*The*American*InsJtute*of*Architects*ConJnuing*EducaJon*Systems*Course*

Andrew'S.'Klein,'P.E.'A*S*Klein*Engineering,*PLLC*andrew@asklein.com**asklein.com*

This!presenta0on!was!developed!by!a!third!party!and!is!not!funded!!by!WoodWorks!or!the!soQwood!lumber!checkCoff.'

*