kmf]S;'08f] tfn8f]Nkf

;+/If0fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] dxTj;+/If0fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] dxTj

h'g @))&

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn åf/f k|sflzt o; k|sfzgsf] k"0f{ cyjf cf+lzs c+z k'gM k|sfzgug{' k/] zLif{s tyf k|sfzsdf lglxt ;jf{lwsf/ clgjfo{ ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 .

;jf{lwsf/M 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn, @))&, kmf]S;'08f] tfn – ;+/If0fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt /k/Dk/fsf] dxTj

tof/ ug]{ M 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn ÷ sdn s'df/ ;fDkfË -/fO{_tl:j/ M 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn ÷ sdn s'df/ ;fDkfË -/fO{_ ÷ ´ds Afxfb'/ sfsL{;Dkfbg M ´ds Afxfb'/ sfsL{ -/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu_

Plnhf :yflkt -8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn_

Disclaimer: This publication is solely based on the perceptions of the local indigenous people anddoes not necessarily reflect the opinions held by the WWF Nepal.

/fli6«o k|ltlglwsf] ;Gb]z

l;d;f/ kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ c+u xf] . l;d;f/n] kfgLsf] e08f/0f /

:jR5Ls/0f ug]{, :yflgo jfl;Gbfx?nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf >f]t pknAw u/fpg], ljleGg

b'n{e jGohGt' Pj+ jg:kltnfO{ jf;:yfg k|bfg ug]{ / wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s

tyf ko{6lso :ynsf] ?kdf ct'nlgo e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] x'G5 .

g]kfn cg]sf}+ dxTjk"0f{ l;d;f/sf] wgL /fi6« ePtf klg c´} oL l;d;f/x?sf] vf]h /

dxTjsf] ljZn]if0f x'g afFsL g} /x]sf] 5 . t/fO{sf] sltko l;d;f/sf] ;j]{If0f tyf

cg';Gwfg eO{ b:tfj]hx? tof/ e};s]sf] 5, t/ kxf8L If]qdf cjl:yt w]/} h;f]

l;d;f/x?sf] cj:yfaf/] xfdL cgle¡f 5f}+ . oxL hfgsf/Lsf] sldnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfnsf] :jR5 hn ;Dkbf sfo{qmd cu|;/ ePsf] 5 .

:jR5 hn ;Dkbf sfo{qmdn] xfn pRr lxdfnL If]qdf /x]sf l;d;f/x?sf] ljj/0f

tof/ ug]{ qmd cuf8L a9fPsf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df k|:t't k'l:tsfn] k/Dk/fut ?kn]

hLjg ofkg ub}{ cfPsf cflbjf;L hghftLx?n] wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s / ;f+:s[lts cf:yf

Pj+ ljZjf;sf cfwf/df tL If]qsf ;+/If0f tyf pkof]u u/]sf] lhjGt pbfx/0fx? k|:t't

u/]sf] 5 .

of] cg';Gwfg cuf8L a9fpg k|fljlws ?kn] ;xof]u ul/lbg' ePsf]df /fli6«o lgs'~h

tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu / cfly{s ;xof]u ul/lbg' ePsf]df 8An' 8An' Pkm

g]b/Nof08\;÷8An' 8An' Pkm O{G6/g]zgn / 8An' 8An' Pkm o's] k|lt 8An' 8An' Pkm

g]kfn xflb{s s[t¡ftf ¡ffkg ub{5 .

cGTodf o; lsl;dsf] ljj/0f ;+sng / ;f] sf] k|sfzgaf6 cGo If]qsf l;d;f/x?sf]

;+/If0f, ;Daw{g / j'l¢dŒff pkof]u ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5 eGg] d}n] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5' .

clgn dfgGw/

/fli6«o k|ltlglw

8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn

c+u|]hL j0f{dfnfsf] æYÆ cIf/sf] :j?k cUnfkj{tdfnf jLr b'O{ xTs]nfsf] k;/ cfs[ltdf ndtGgk/]/ ;'lt/x]sf] 8f]NkfnL ;'Gb/ kmf]S;'08f] tfn l5g–l5gdf cfˆgf] ?k/+Ë kl/jt{g ub}}}}{ k|fs[lts ?kdfdGfdf]xs aGb5 .

ef}uf]lns If]qkmn cg';f/ g]kfnsf] ;a} eGbf 7'nf] lhNnf 8f]Nkfsf] kmf]S;'08f]/fli6«o lgs'Gh If]qdf kg]{ pSt tfn ^%) dL6/ ulx/f] ePsf] s'/f tfns}5]]]pdf /x]sf l/ªdf] af;Lx? atfpg' x'G5 . kmf]S;'08f] uf=la=;= df kg]{ tfn:jb]z / ljb]z ;Dd k|Voft ePsf] s'/f ufpFn]x? JofVof ug'{ x'G5 .

sflt{s dlxgf b]lv lxpF kg{ z'? x'g] ef}uf]lns cj:yf /x]sf] o; tfn ;d'b|Ltx b]lv nueu #,^!! dL6/ prfO{df / $($ x]S6/ -(,**) /f]kgL_ If]qkmndfkm}lnPsf] 5 . tfnsf] blIf0fL s'gfaf6 kf]v/Lsf] kfgL au]/ !&) dL6/sf] emgf{ag]sf] 5 . pQ/ / pQ/ k"jL{ lxdfnaf6 kfgL kf]v/Ldf em/]sf] b]lvG5 .

P]ltxfl;s tyf d}flns k/Dk/f / ljZjf;df pTklQ ePsf] kmf]S;'08f] tfnkljq lxdfnL ;+sf6fkGg kfl/l:ylso k|0ffnLdf kg]{ ljZjd} dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf];Ld;f/ xf] . @)^# ;fndf /fd;f/ ;'rLdf cg'df]bgsf] nflu ;dfj]z g]kfnsf]klxnf] rf/ pRr lxdfnL If]qsf] l;d;f/ dWo] of] klg Ps xf] .

af}4 wd{ eGbf klg cl3 cl:tTjdf /x]sf] af]g kf] wd{ dfGg' x'g] oxfFsf vfd /u'?Ë hftL ltla6f]–jd]{nL efiff af]Nb5g\ . nueu %) 3/–w'/Lsf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf]l/ªdf]] af;Lx?sf cg';f/ k/Dk/f, wd{ / ;+:sf/df tfnsf] kfgL, ?v, l9:sf] /kj{t cflb;+u ulx/f] ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 . af]g kf] wd{ !*))) jif{eGbf klgklxnf tf]Daf ;]/fg gfd u/]sf JolStn] z'? u/]sf] eGg] ljZjf; /x]5 . ;fª;'ª;fd|fHo sfnnfO{ o; wd{sf] :jl0f{d o'u dflgPsf] eGg] tYox? kfOG5g\ a'4wd{sf] Jofkstfsf sf/0f af]g kf] wd{ nf]kGd'v cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .

1

;Ld;f/ If]qx¿

ef}uf]lns cj:yf cg';f/ oxfF ;fgf–7'nf

;Ld;f/ If]qx? /x]sf] tYo ;xefuLx?

atfpFb5g\ . s'jf tyf cGo ;fgf tfnx?

8f]Nkf lhNnfdf /x]sf] s'/f pgLx?n]

atfpFb5g\ h:t} 5fjf]{ tfn hf] kmf]S;'08f]]

tfnsf] dflyNnf] If]qdf kfOG5 . l/v]] ufpF

ghLs} tLgj6f kf]v/L /x]sf 5g\ / sfO{ ufpFdf

/x]sf wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts ?kn] kljq lxd

tfnx? b'ws'08 / hub'Nnf 5g\ . To;} u/L

kmf]S;'08f]] tfnåf/f P]ltxfl;s d"No ;+ufn]sf]

;'Gb/ kmf]S;'08f] ´/gfsf] :jR5 hn ;'lnuf8

vf]nfsf] zL/ dflgG5 . 7"nL e]/L lxdgbL

cfˆgf ljleGg ;xfos vf]nf cflb ;+u

ldl;P/ kmf]S;'08f] vf]nfdf cfO{ ldng x'G5 .

;'nLuf8, vfgLjg, 5b], n}gL, vf]/vf]nf, ;'g

bx, vfnL bx, ;'s bx, 5ds'g] tfn, b'gbx,

Uofnjf/f tfn, rf}yf/f, sRof/f gfx'/sf] gfl3/

h:tf cGo ;Ld;f/ If]qx? oxfF /x]sf 5g\ .

df}lns, P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s tyf;f+:s[lts dxTj

kljq lxdfnsf] ;fydf /x]sf] 8f]NkfnL ;'Gb/

kmf]S;'08f] tfnsf] pTklt, P]ltxfl;s 36gf,

k'/fgf] egfO{, ljZjf;, dfGotf, k/Dk/f,

;+:sf/ tyf ;+:s[lt af/] ljleGg If]qdf

a;f]jf; u/]sf ufpFn]x?;Fu 5nkmn ul/Psf]

lyof] . To;}u/L lxdfnL ;Ld;f/ ;+/If0f /

a'l4dtf pkof]u af/] tflnd sfo{s|dsf]

;dodf klg ;xeflutfd"ns 5nkmn ul/Psf]

lyof] . kmf]S;'08f] tfnnfO{ l/ªdf]] tfn klg

elg+bf] /x]5 . wf}nflu/Lsf] klZrd /

sfl~h/f]jf lxdfnsf] blIf0f k"j{df kg]{ o;

/d0fLo P]ltxfl;s tfn nDafO{df $=* ls=dL=

/ rf}8fO{df !=# ls=dL= ndtGg k/]/ cfˆgf] ?k

abNb} k|fs[lt;+u /dfO{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

gfgL v]n] em+} lxdfnL sf]s|f]df cfˆgf] cflbd

sfnb]lv jfo"sf] j]u, k[YjL, rGb« / ;'o{sf] rfn

cg';f/ 5fn p7fpg] ;'tfpg] l/ªdf]] tfnsf]

Gjf/gsf] jf jf:tljs gfd rfFlx kmf]s;'Dwf]]

tfn ePsf] :yfgLo ;d'bfox? AftfpF5g\ .

;fjlbs cy{df l/ªdf]] tfnnfO{ kmf]s;'Dwf]

-km's eGgfn] æleqÆ jf dfly jf leQf, ;d

eGgfn] tLg / wf] eGgfn]–bf]efg_ egL vfd /

t/]nL efiff af]Ng] 8f]NkfnLx? eGb5g\ . ljs|d

;Dat\ @)@# ;fndf k|Voft e"uf]nljw :j=8f=

xs{ u'?Ë, n] l/ªdf]], kmf]s;'Dwf] tfnsf] gfd

kmf]S;'08f] egL gfdfs/0f ug'{ ePsf] /x]5 .

To;/L g} ;fd'lxs 5nkmn4f/f ;|f]t gS;fdf

ufpF–6f]n, kmf]S;'08f] tfn–´gf{, jg, jf]g

wd{;+u ;DalGwt If]q, 7fpF, ?v, u'Daf,

tfndf cfpg] lxd kfgLsf] If]q, kfxf k|hftLsf]

peor/, cGo ;Ld;f/ If]q / P]ltxfl;s

sygx?af/] eGg] JolStsf] 3/–ufpF ;|f]t

gS;fdf lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 .

2

lrq

g+= !

M kmf]S;'08

f] tf

nsf] >f]t

gS;

f .

3

lrq

g+= @

M kmf]S;'08

f] tf

nsf] l;

d;f/ >

f]tx?

–M ;xe

flutf

d'ns >

f]t g

S;f .

4

ækmf]S;'08f] uf=lj=;=–%, 5]Ksf lgjf;L %$ jifL{o >L sd{ nfdf /

pgsL %) jifL{of >LdtL lg;/ nfdf kmf]S;'08f] tfnsf] pTklQ

af/] cfˆgf] P]ltxfl;s df}lns bGt syf o;/L eGg'x'G5–

df}lns bGTo syf M k|yd

xfdLn] klg xfd|f afa'afh] ;+u kmf]S;'08f] tfn, ´gf{ pTklQ af/]dfsyf elglbg cg'/f]w u/L ;'g] hfg]sf s'/f xf] of] . k/fk"j{ sfndfltAat lt/af6 efu]/ Pp6f /fIf;gL Pp6f afF;sf] 9'+u|f]df t]n /csf]{df kfgL lnP/ 8f]Nkf lt/ cfpg yfln5 . gaf6]sf] nfdf]s]z, 7"nf cfFvf, 8/nfUbf] cg'xf/ ePsL pSt /fIf;gL pGd'stfsf ;fy bf}8b} cfPsf] b]v]/ cf}tf/Lnfdf l/ªk'r]n] ca of] /fIf;gLn] dfgj ;+;f/ gi6 kfg]{ eO{ eGb} k5\ofpg yfn]5g\ . cf}tf/L nfdfl/ªk'r]n]] cfkm'nfO{ lk5f ul//x]sf] s'/f rfn kfPkl5 /fIf;gL l56f]–l56f] bf}8g yfln5 . p;sf]cfŠgf] ljrf/df eg] 8fF8f sfF8f ;a} lauf/L lbg] /x]5 . pSt /fIf;gL ;fNbfË cfOk'u]kl5 p;n]Pp6f e+]8f uf]7fNgL s]6LnfO{ ToxfF af6f]df e]l65 . To; e+]8f r/fpg] s]6LnfO{ Pp6f /fd|f] t'yf]sf]dfnf lbO{ aSv'sf] lkmbfleq /fVg' / d uPsf] s'/f s;}nfO{ geGg' n egL /fIf;gL Toxfaf6 tn´l/5 . ptfaf6 /fIf;gLnfO{ dfg{ egL nv]6\b} cfPsf] cf}tf/L nfdf l/ªk'r]] klg pSt e+]8fr/fpg] s]6L ePsf] 7fpFdf cfO{k'u]5g\ . p;n] e+]8f r/fpg] s]6LnfO{ Pp6f dlxnf o; af6f] eP/uPsf] s'/f b]Vof} elg ;f]w]5g\ t/ To; /fIf;gLn] geGg' eg] }́+ tL s]6Ln] sf]lx gb]v]sf] s'/fatfO{5 . cf}tf/L nfdfn] eg] /fIf;gLsf] 5n sk6 yfxf kfPk5L pSt s]6LnfO{ cfŠgf] aSv'sf]lkmbf b]vfpg egL cg'/f]w u/L x]bf{ t Pdgsf] clhË/ pSt s]6Lsf] sDd/df a]l/Psf] cj:yfdfnfdfn] b]v]5 . o:tf] rfn kfPkl5 s]6L a]xf]; eO{5 .

cf}tf/L nfdfn] cfŠgf] ePe/sf] ljBf k|of]u u/L a]xf]; s]6Lsf]xf]; kmsf{pg / ufpF–jf;Lx?nfO{ pSt clhË/af6 arfpg;do nufP5g\ . clhË/ efUof] eg] ;a} ufpFsfkz'–nufot dfgj ;a}nfO{ ;vfk kfg]{ ef] egL ;f]r]/ cfŠgf]ljleGg ljBf ckgfP/ cf}tf/L l/ªk'r] nfdfn] To; ;k{nfO{dfg{ ;kmn eP5g\ . To;/L ;k{ dfl/Psf] 7fpFdf Pp6f tfnpTkGg eP5 h;nfO{ g]N8] ;]Gy'k|fª elgG5 . To; 7fpFdfqL–k'/fsf]6 dlGb/ / sfOsf]8 rf}/ 5, hxfF hgfj/x?sf] xf8

;+sng u/L y'kf/LPsf] 5 . ;fpg dlxgfsf] klxnf] xKtf To;}sf] ;+́ gfdf 3f]8f bf}8fpg] / k'hfug]{ k/Dk/f oxfF /lx cfPsf] 5 .

cfh ef]nL tfn ePsf] If]qdf /dfOnf] kmf]S;'08f] ufpF lyof] . /fIf;gL pSt ufpF cfOk'Ubf /ftk/]sf] xF''bf To;nfO{ ToxL ufpFdf a:g] OR5f eP5 / a:gsf] nflu af; dflu5 t/ s;}n] a:glbPg5g\ . w]/} k|oTg u/]kl5 u'Dafdf nfdfn] /fIf;gLnfO{ af; a:g] lbP5g\ . /fIf;gLn] cfŠgf

5Æ

hfdfsf] km]/f]af6 sd]/f]] df6f] -3/ kf]Tg÷lnKg k|of]udf NofOg];]tf] df6f]_ NofpFb} pSt /dfOnf] ufpF jl/kl/ 3]/f jf /]vL/ftsf] dWofGg eGbf cl3 nufO;ls5 . To;kl5 p;n]afF;sf] 9'+u|f]df NofPsf] kfgL ToxfF 3]/f leq kg]{ ul/ vGofOlbP5 . kfgL vGofpFb} hf+bf tTsfn} kf]v/Lsf] pTklQ x'guP5 3/x? ;a} 8'Ab} x/fpg yfn]5g\ . kfn'jf afv|f, e+]8f,3f]8f, Rofªu|f, s'v'/f, lj/fnf] cflb kz' k|f0fLx? pStufpF3/df ufl8Psf] n'Ëdf r8\b} s/fpFb} – lrRofpFb} efUg]k|of; ug{ yfn]5g\ . sf]lx efUg ;kmn eP5g\ eg] k|foh;f] 8'a]/ x/fP5g\ . dWo /ftsf] ;doePsf] x'Fbf dfgj sf]lx klg hLljt /xg kfPg5g\ . cfŠgf] jf; a;]sf] u'Daf If]qnfO{ rflx sd]/]df6f]sf] /]vf aflx/ kf/L afF;sf] 9'Fu|f]af6 af]ls NofPsf] kfgL vGofpFbf pTkGg x'g uPsf]kmf]S;'08f] tfndf 8'Agaf6 arfP5 . ptf cf}tf/L nfdf l/ªk'r] rfFlx e+]8f r/fpg] a]xf];s]6LnfO{ xf]zdf Nofpg / ljzfn ;k{nfO{ dfg]{ sfo{ ubf{ ub}{ l9nfO{ x'g hfFbf /fIf;gLn] ;'Gb/dfgj a:tLnfO{ tfn agfO{ ;s]sf] b]v] kl5 l/;n] r'/ eO{ /fIf;gLnfO{ nv]6\g yfn]5g\ . canfdfn] dfg]{ ef] eGg] 8/n] efUb} hfFbf /fIf;gL kmfk/ af/Lsf] 5]pdf l58fs eGg] 7fpFdf cfO{k'lu5 . To;} 7fpFdf cf}tf/L nfdfn] pSt /fIf;gLnfO{ df/L p;sf] d'6' / sn]hf] l´sL wf/Lnf]xltof/n] /f]lklbP5g\ . /fIf;gL df/]sf] 7fpFdf vfN6f] k/]sf] 7fpF / sn]hf]af6 au]sf] /utkfgL ePsf] eGg] ljZjf; 5 . 6fpsf] cfsf/sf] l9:sgf] c }́ ;Dd 5 . ufpF–3/df nfdfx?n]To; 7fpFsf] e't nfuL lj/fdL ePsf] egL ;]jf ug]{ k/Dk/f xfd|f] ;dfhdf c }́ ;Dd klg 5 .

/fIf;gLnfO{ df/]kl5 cf}tf/L nfdf kms]{/ kmf]S;'08f] tfnk'u]5g\ . tfn k'u]kl5 p;n] dfgj hLjg /lxt kmf]S;'08f] tfnx]/L ljrf/ u/]5g\, of] tfn el/P/ km'6\g klg t ;S5 . olbTo;f] x'g uof] eg] hfh/sf]6, ;Nofg, ;'v]{t cflb lhNnfnfO{g/fd|f] u/L c;/ kfg]{ s'/f yfxf kfPkl5 kf]v/Lsf] Ps 5]paf6lgsf; agfP/ alnof] r§fg ePsf] If]q /f]hL xfnsf] ´gf{-5fN5fk_ sf] pTklQ u/L kfgL lgsf; x'g] Joj:yf ldnfP5g\ .To;}u/L klx/f]] ghfg] 7fpFsf] 5gf]6 u/L wfl/nf] xltof/n]hldgdf Kjfn kf/L Psgf;n] kfgL lgsf; x'g] u/L tl/sfckgfP5g\ .

df}lns Oltxf; af]s]sf] kmf]S;'08f] tfn / ´gf{ xfd|f afa'–afh]s} kfnf b]lv p:t} b]lvG5 . o:t}sygn] xf]nf ufpFn]x? lty{ ug{ hfg] cfpg] ub{5g\ . ;D‰of], Wofg u¥of] eg] wg, ;Dkltsf] b'Mv,cefj x'Gg eGg] ljZjf; 5 . cd"No df}lns k/Dk/fdf cfwfl/t kmf]S;'08f] tfn, ´gf{ cflbsf];[li6sf] af/]df k"vf{x?n] km';{bsf] ;dodf cfŠgf gfgL, gftL–gfltgL jf ;GtfgnfO{ 5f8L /fVg'ePsf] df}lns sxfgL kfpg s7Lg eO{;Sof] . To:tf] syf eGg] dflg;x? clxn] ;dfhdf 5}gg\ /cfh ef]lnsf gfgLx?n] ;'Gg klg dg ub}{gg\ . xfdL t xfd|f afa'–afh]nfO{ k6s–k6s eGgs/–sfk ub{Yof}+ .

6

æÆ

tfnsf] 5]pdf /x]sf] ?v -;|f]t gS;f_ wd{sf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5 . To;sf] jl/kl/ kmf]x/ d}nf ug]{],lhp g'xfpg]], n'uf w'g] / 9'+uf xfGg] h:tf sfo{ ug{ gx'g] wfld{s dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm If]qsf]kfgL :jR5 / kljq dflgPsf] x'Fbf k'hf–cfhfdf k|of]u ug{ / ufpFsf] klZrd efusf] pRr kxf8df/x]sf] wfld{s :yn -5f]t]{g_ df r9fpg o;} 7fpFsf] kfgL n}hfg' kg]{ wfld{s k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 .

cflbd sflng jf]g kf] wd{, ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/, vfd efiff af]Ng]

l/ªdf] -kmf]S;'08f]_ ufpFsf] zL/df /x]sf] 5f]t]{g glhs} k'hf ug]{

7fpF / cfuf] afNg] r'nf] wfld{s ?kn] dxTjk"0f{ dflg+bf] /x]5 .

ufpFsf] /Iffsf] nflu ;kmf dg /flv g'xfP/ kf]v/Lsf] kljq kfgL

nuL o; pRr :yfgdf /x]sf] 5f]t]{g / jl/kl/sf] b]j

b]jtfx?sf] k'hf ug]{ k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5nkmnsf ;xefuLx?n]

atfpg' eof] .

;dfhaf6 x/fpg' k"j{ ;Ld;f/ h}ljs ljljwtf / kof{j/0f ;+/If0f;+u ;DaGw /fVg] df}lns

P]ltxfl;s bGTo syf, sxfgL, 36gfs|d, wd{, efiff, ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/ / k/Dk/f cflbsf] cWoog,

cg';Gwfg ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf sd{ nfdf Ho"sf] sygn] k'li6 u5{ .

ltAataf6 efu]/ cfPsf] / kmf]S;'08f] af;Ln] af; glbPsf] /L;n] ufpF 8'afP/ tfnsf] ;[li6 ug]{

/fIf;gL dfl/Psf] ef}uf]lns 7fpF / afa'–afh]åf/f elgPsf df}lvs syf ;To g} ePsf] x'g'k5{

egL sd{ / lg;/ nfdf atfpg' x'G5 . lsgsL pSt 7fpF cfh klg b'?:t} 5 , d'6', sn]hf] /

6fpsf] h:tfsf] t:t} b]lvG5 . gfgL cyjf ;dfhsf JolStx? c:j:Yo x'+bf nfdfx?n] To;

If]qdf ePsf] lkrf;, e't nfu]sf] x'gfn] lj/fdL ePsf] atfpg' x'G5 . pgLx?n] dGq u/]kl5

;~rf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

cf}tf/L nfdf l/ªk'rn]] ckgfPsf lzk / 1fg cyjf /rgfTds sfo{ ;Ld;f/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f /

a'l4dtf k"j{s pkof]u ug]{ l;4fGt;+u d]n ePsf] x'+bf pSt sygn] ;+/If0f If]qdf dxTjk"0f{

lzIff k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L sd{ / lg;/ nfdfn] k'Vof{pnL syf df}lvs ?kdf g} eP klg

arfO{ ;'gfpg] k/Dk/fn] ;+/If0fdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' ePsf] b]lvG5 . kmf]S;'08f] tfn 5]pd} ePsf]

xfnsf] ufpF kl5 dfq a;f]af; ePsf] s'/f sd{ nfdf eGg' x'G5 .

l/ªdf] ufpFdf ul/Psf] 5nkmndf u'Dafdf a:g' x'g] jf]g kf] wd{sf nfdfx? / ufpFsf ;xefuLx?

eGg' x'G5–

7

To:tf] k'/fgf] k'Vof{pnL k/Dk/f kl5 ufpF–3/ cyjf

o; 7fpFdf kfgL kg]{ ljZjf; / jf:tjdf df};d

tTsfn} kl/jt{g x'g] / xNsf jiff{ x'g] u/]sf] tYo

ulx/f] ljZjf;sf ;fy ;xefuLx?n] atfpg' ePsf]

lyof] . kj{tLo ;Ld;f/ ;+/If0f / a'l4dtfk"0f{

k|of]uaf/] hgr]tgf d"ns tflndsf] ;xefuL l/ªdf]

af;Lx? eGg' x'G5–

df}lns bGt syf M lålto

cflbd sflng P]ltxfl;s, df}lns / df}lvs sxfgL, wd{, ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[ltsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{

dflgPsf] ;'Gb/ kmf]S;'08f] tfn :yfgLo ;d'bfo / b]zs} cg'kd k|fs[lts ;DklQ xf] . ctPj

;f+:s[lts, kof{j/0f, k/Dk/fut dfGotf ;DalGw cWoog, ;+/If0f lzIff, ;'rgf / hgr]tgf

a9fpg' kg]{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

df}lns syg cg';f/ l/ªdf] jf kmf]S;'Dwf] jf kmf]S;'08f] tfnsf] pTklQ eGbf klxnf b]lv ePsf] jf]g

kf] wd{sf] u'Daf tfnsf] 5]pdf g} cjl:yt 5 . l/ªdf] ufpFsf] kf/L PsfGt /d0fLo lxdfnL h+unsf]

5]pdf /x]sf] u'Daf wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, P]ltxfl;s / kof{j/0fLo ?kn] klg dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 .

Æ

ætfn jl/kl/sf] lxdfn -:yflgo efiffdf 5f]d] tfNdf elgg]_ nfO{ wfld{sefiffdf oxfFsf nfdf wd{ u'?x?n] klxnf af]nfpg] / tfnsf] kljq hnlnO{ l/ªdf] ufpF dflysf] 5f]t]{gdf uO{ b'O{ dlxgfsf] Ps kN6 k'hf ug]{k/Dk/f 5 . ufpF3/df /f]u gnfuf];\, ef]sd/L gxf];\, nufPsf] v]tLafnL;lk|of]; / kz' cflbsf] pTkfbg /fd|f] xf];\ egL ;a} ufpFn]x?n] cf–cfŠgf]ufpFaf6 pjf, uFx'sf] lk7f], rfdn, l3p Nofpg] / To;sf] tf]df{ -:yflgoefiffdf 9fs]_ agfO{ nfdfn] b]j b]jLnfO{ r9fpg] / k|;fbsf] ?kdf lbg]k/Dk/f 5 . cfkm' / kl/jf/hgx?sf] :jf:Yo /fd|f] xf];\, nufPsf] cGgjfnL ;lk|of]; eGb} tfnsf] kfgL tLg kN6 lkpg] / gd:sf/ u/L ljbf x'g]rng k'/fgf] xf] .

l/v] ufpF lgjf;L jif{ *& sf bf]h]{ u'?Ë kmf]S;'08f] tfn / o:fsf]

jl/kl/sf] lxdfn / ;dfhsf k/Dk/f af/] o;f] eGg' x'G5–

ÆæljZj ;Dkbf ;'rLdf xfd|f] of] kljq / ;a}eGbf ulx/f] tfn ;'lrs[t ePdf xfdL v'zL x'g]

lyof}+. wfld{s k/Dk/fn] kmf]x/ d}nf ug{ gx'g] tfnsf] o;} If]qdf of;f{ u'Daf l6Kg cfpg]JolQmx?n] vfgf ksfpg], g'xfpg] / n'uf w'g] ul/lbgfn] tfn kmf]x/ eO{/x]sf] 5 ..

8

wfld{s 1fg, efjgf, ;'Gb/tf, tfndf kf}8\g], 8'An'sL

dfg]{ kfgL xfF; -:yflgo efiffdf ªDaf_, h+unL hgfj/,

k+IfLx?sf] ;'l/nf] cfjfh / kl/jlt{t tfnsf] ?k /

cg'kd wfld{s u'Daf cfk}+mdf c;fWo} dgdf]xs

b]lvG5 . pSt kljq :yndf /x]sf 5f]t]{gsf

leQfx?df s+'lbPsf k+IfL jGohGt' cflbsf] lrq /

5f]t]{g dfly /flvPsf] ´f]Ks]sf] 6fpsf] / ;LËn] h}ljs

ljljwtf / jf]g kf] wd{–k/Dk/fsf] ulx/f] ;DaGw /x]sf]

b]vfpF5 . h}ljs ljljwtf, wd{ / ;+:s[lt ´Nsfpg]

u/L 9f]sf, ‰ofn cflbsf] rf}s;, bnfgdf s'+lbPsf

snf / 1fgsf] ;+/If0f, k|jw{g / cWoog u/L

hgr]tgf lzIff ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .

9

l/ªdf] ufpF–3/df /x]sf] snfTds cfs[lt, 5]Ksf ufpFsf] 3/df ePsf jGohGt' / ;+:s[lt

´Nsfpg] u/L s+'lbPsf a'§fx¿n] k/Dk/f, h}ljs ljljwtf / jGohGt' cflbsf] ;DaGw b]vfpF5 .

sfO{ ufFp jf8{ g+= # a:g] ^@ jlif{o u];] t]GhLË lgdf cf];/ nfdf wfld{s tyf P]ltxfl;s

dxTjsf] e08f/ kmf]S;'08f] tfn b]vfpFb} eGg' x'G5–

æÆ

of] wfld{s tfnsf] kfgL kljq 5 . slxn] s'g /+Ë t slxn] s'g /+Ë kl/jt{g ug]{ o; tfn cToGt}ulx/f] x'g'k5{ . o; tfndf b'O{ lxdfnaf6 lxpF kUnL cfpg] ;fgf] ;fgf] vf]nf 5 . b'a} 7fFpaf6cfPsf] kfgL eGbf 7"nf] ?kdf ju]/ hfg] tfnsf] kfgL cWoog ubf{ tfnsf] leq efuaf6 tfndfkfgL cfPsf] x'g'k5{ . P]ltxfl;s / wfld{s k/Dk/fn] dfgL cfPsf] o; tfnsf] kfgL kljq, lgd{n/ :jf:Yosf] nflu klg pkof]uL 5 . cfŠgf] dgsf] efjgf kf]Vg] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf tfn jf]g kf]wd{ / k/Dk/fsf] nflu P]ltxfl;s ynf]sf] k|tLssf] ?kdf lrlgG5 .

10

11

kljq ;'Gb/ lxdfnsf] sf]vdf c6n eO{ a;]sf] P]ltxfl;s tyf jf]g kf] wfld{s k/Dk/fsf] k|lts

kmf]S;'08f] tfn / ´/gf ;fy} ef}uf]lns tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] wgL 8f]Nkf]df kmf]S;'08f] dxf]T;j

@)^$ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pSt dxf]T;jdf k|:t't ul/Psf wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf nf]s g[To

cflbn] kfgL, tfn, ´gf{, kof{j/0f, jGohGt', h}ljs ljljwtf / ;+/If0fsf] dxTj af/] k|i6 u/]sf]

lyof] . wfld{s k'hf/L nfdfx? dxf]T;j z'? x'g s]lx lbg cuf8L b]lv g} cfˆgf] wd{ / k/Dk/fut

k'hf–kf7 ug{'xF''b} lyof] . jf]g kf] wd{ b]ptfsf] z'å dgn] k'hf ul/ ;s]kl5 tfn jl/kl/sf] b]jtf,

e'tk|]t cflbsf] Wofg ub}{, jxfFx?sf] dfg – dlgtf] ub}{ s'g} clgi6 36gf gxf];\ eGb} nfdf cfˆgf]

b]jtfx?nfO{ lk7f], rfdn ck{0f ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] . s'g} z'esfo{ z'? ug'{ k"j{ tfn jl/kl/ /x]sf]

b]ptfx?sf] ;D´gf / an dfUg] xfd|f] tfn, kfgL, e"ld ;+usf] ck/Dkf/ ;DaGw x'G5 elg wd{ u'?

nfdfx? eGg' x'G5 .

jf]g kf] wd{ / ;f+:s[lts cg'aGwLt g[Ton] æ;dfh, k/Dk/f / kof{j/0fsf] dxTj ´Nsfpg

vf]lhPsf] s'/f ;xefuLn] atfpg' eof] .

dxf]T;jdf k|s[lt, jftfj/0f, k/Dk/f / kmf]S;'08f] tfnsf] dlxdf ;fd'lxs k|fy{gfn] kof{j/0fsf] 1fg

bzf{O{/x]sf] b]lvGYof] . :yflgo e]if e'iff / klx/gdf k|:t't ul/Psf] g[Ton] To; 7fpFsf] dflg; /

pgLx?sf] s[lif k|0ffnL;+usf] hLjg z}nL b]vfpg vf]hLPsf] s'/f ;xefuLn] atfpg' eof] .

12

ef}uf]lns ljljwtf / ljs6tfsf

jfjh'b cfˆgf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv :yfgLo

jfl;Gbfx?;+u h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f

If]qdf z]–kmf]S;'08f] /fli6«o lgs'~h /

/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f

ljefusf] of]ubfg dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 .

ef}uf]lns cj:yf cg';f/ kfl/l:ylso

k|0ffnLdf ljljw jGohGt', jg:klt,

k+IfL, hnr/, peor/ cflb kfO{G5 .

cWoog ug]{ s|ddf ;'Gb/ k|s[ltsf km"n

/ cf}iflw tyf ;f+:s[lts sfo{df pkof]u

x'g] kmn -ls/fFt efiffdf lrDk|mLË_ pSt

lgs'~hdf kQf nufOof] . df};d

cg';f/ 9sdSs km"ln/x]sf] ;'gfv/L

kl/jf/ leq kg]{ km"n / To;} u/L k"0f{

rGb«dfsf] zLtn pHofnf] x]g{ c;fWo}}

OR5's y/L–y/Lsf Rofpx?sf] cWoog

klg ug{ kfOof] .

lhjLsf]kfh{g ug{ ;+sng x'g] ax'd"No

of;f{ u'Daf -hLjg a'6L_ sf] lgldQ

8f]Nkf lhNnf dxTjk"0f{ 5 . To;}u/L

cgluGtL ?kdf h8La'6Lx? kmf]S;'08f]

tfn hfg] af6f] jl/kl/ lgs'~h leq

e]l6Psf lyP .

h}ljs ljljwtf, ;Ld;f/ / ;+/If0f

13

kmf]S;'08f] tfn jl/kl/ hl8a'l6 lrGg] / hfGg] tl/sf atfpFb}

cfDrL >L nfdf eGg' x'G5–

To;}u/L 3f]/n, /t'jf d[u, lrt'jf, AjfF;f], efn', s:t'/L d[u, lxpF

lrt'jf, gfp/ -kmf]S;'08f]–kfvfdf b]lvPsf]_, yf/ ;fy} k+IfLx?df jg

k/]jf -dn]jf_, lxdfnL sfu, 9's'/, sf]sn], kfgLxfF;, nf6f]sf];]/f] cflb

klg To;} 7fpFdf kfpg] ;xefuLx?af6 yfxf eof] . le/–df}/L /

kmf]S;'08f] tfnsf] Ps s'gfdf lxdfnL kfxf klg kfOG5 egL csf]{

;xefuLn] atfpg' eof] .

kmf]S;'08f] tfns} 5]pdf /x]sf ufpF jf;Lx?n] pjf, tf]/L, kmfk/, cfn'

/ d'nf k|hftLsf] t/sf/L k/Dk/fut ?kdf g} v]tL u/L cfPsf] tYo

atfpg' x'G5 . k'/fg} ljp /f]K5f+}, ld7f] x'G5 eGg' x'G5 :yflgo af;L

u'?Ë dlxnf . pxfFx?sf] k/Dk/fn] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf

of]ubfg k'u]sf] b]lvG5 .

ljleGg sf]0faf6 cWoog, ufFpn]x? ;+u ;fd'lxs 5nkmn, JolStut

P]ltxf; wfld{s JolStx? ;+u 5nkmn, plgx?sf] kmf]S;'08f] tfn

af/]sf] Oltxf;, k/Dk/f, wfld{s dfGotf, Jojxf/ / :ynut cWoog

ubf{ kmf]S;'08f] tfn d'6'sf] ?kdf /x]sf] k|i6 x'g cfpF5 .

tfnsf] 5]pdf /x]sf] ?v jl/kl/ ?vsf] xfFuf efRg gx'g], 9'+uf xfGg,

lzsf/, kmf]x/ d}nf ug{ gx'g] wfld{s dfGotf, tfnsf] kfgL kljq dfGg]

/ k'vf{n] 5f8]sf] cGg ?rfpg] k/Dk/fn]

;Ld;f/ tyf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf cd"No

of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] pbfx0fx? x'g\ .

æÆ

xfdLx? o;/L g} cf}ifwL tof/ u/L ufpF–3/sf afl;Gbfx?nfO{:jf:Yo pkrf/ u5f}{+ . o; 7fpFdf ax'd"No cf}iflw kfpg;lsG5 To;}n] cfpg] o'jf ju{x?n] o:tf] sfo{df ;xefuLePdf /fd|f] x'g] lyof] eGg] xfd|f]] OR5f 5 .

;'Gb/ emgf{df}lns k/Dk/f, wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] w/x/f

sf]lknf em} kljq lxdfnLsf]vdf ndtGg k/]sf]8f]NkfnL kmf]S;'08f] tfnæk|:tfljt /fd;f/ If]qÆ

WWF Nepal acknowledges with gratitude the support received for the Freshwater Program from allour partners, donors and supporters:Government of Nepal; Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC); Department of NationalParks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC); Department of Forests (DoF); Department of PlantResources; Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS); WWF International; WWF UK;WWF US; WWF Netherlands; WWF Finland; WWF Sweden; Swedish International DevelopmentCooperation Agency (SIDA); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); and CommunityBased Organizations

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/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefukf]=a=g+= *^), aa/dxn, sf7df8f}+, g]kfnkmf]gM (&&–!–$@@)*%), $@@)(!@, $@@&(@^

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@)@( ;fndf g]kfnn] /fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fP]gsf] lgdf{0f u/]/ jGohGt' ;+/If0fsf] cfw'lgs o'udf k|j]zu/]sf] lyof] . /fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefusf]( j6f /fli6«o lgs'Gh, # j6f jGohGt' cf/If, # j6f ;+/If0f If]q/ ! j6f lzsf/ cf/If nufot ( j6f dWojtL{ If]qsf] ;~hfn/x]sf] 5 . oL ;j} u/]/ g]kfnsf] s"n e"–efusf] !(=$ k|ltztcyf{t @*,%*%=^& ju{ ls=ld= If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefusf] k|d'v p2]Zox?dfg]kfnsf ax'd"No tyf ljleGg jGohGt' tyf jg:klt tyfe"–b[Zosf] ;+/If0f, ;'/Iff Pj+ k'gf]{Tyfg ug'{ /x]sf] 5 .

;g\ !(*& df g]kfn /fd;f/ dxf;GwLsf] ;b:o /fi6« ePsf] lyof] ./fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu o; dxf;GwLsf]g]kfn sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|d'v lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fsf lglDt ;g\ !(^! Dff :yfkgful/Psf] 8An' 8An' Pkm Ps cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] .:jL6\h/NofG8sf] UnFdf s]lGb|o sfof{no /x]sf] of] ;+:yf ()eGbf a9L /fi6«x?df lqmofzLn 5 . 8An' 8An' Pkm Ps :jtGq,u}/;/sf/L, u}//fhlglts, u}/wfld{s / gfkmf/lxt ;+:yf xf] .

8An' 8An' Pkmn] ljZjsf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fnfO{ lgDgLs[tx'gaf6 hf]ufO{ tn plNnlvt sfo{x¿dfkm{t dflg; /k|s[ltaLr ;fd~h:o /xg] eljiosf] lgdf{0f ug]{ Wo]o /fVb5 M• ljZjsf] k|fs[lts ljljwtf hu]gf{ u/]/,• k'gM k|of]hgdf cfpg] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf]kgnfO{

;'lglZrt u/]/,• k|b"if0f / ckJooL pkef]u Go"g u/]/ .