Know ABC of Fire

8/13/2019 Know ABC of Fire

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WHY YOU SHOULD INSTALLFIRE EXTINGUISHERS ?

Small fire can grow big.

Stop it at once.

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LEARN HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

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YOU MUST HAVE RIGHT APPLIANCESTO FIGHT INCIPIENT FIRES.

APPLIANCES TO EXTINGUISH FIRES ARECALLED FIRST AID FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Fire extinguishers arepressurized devices which

release chemical, inert gas or water

to put out flames.

Every Home or Factory should

have fire extinguisher as per its

area and nature of risk

involved.

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When extinguisher is

used in correct manner

it is useful in :- Keeping small fire in

control before it becomes

too big to fight.

Provides escape route for

the occupants before its

escalation.

Extinguishes fire or

keeps it under control till

fire fighters arrive.

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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES

THREE MAJOR CLASSES OF FIRES ARE:-

CLASS 'A' FIRES :

Fires involving ordinarycombustible material such as

wood, paper, cloth,

upholstery and many plastic

materials etc.

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CLASS 'B' FIRES :

Fires involving inflammable liquidssuch as solvents, petrol, oils, grease,

L.P.G. Gas, etc.

CLASS 'C' FIRES :

Fires involving electrical motors,

cables and electrical appliances etc.

Note :Fires of combustible metals such as

sodium, magnesium etc. which require

special powders for extinguishment are

categorized under class 'D' Fires.

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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERSUSE RIGHT TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

FOR SPECIFIC CLASS OF FIRE

CLASS 'A' FIRES

Water base fire extinguishers are used onclass 'A' fires such as wood, cloth,

upholstery, paper etc. These act as

cooling and soaking agent on burning

materials.

Don't use on class 'B' fires.It can scatter the fire. Never on class 'C' or

electrical fires because of electric shock hazard.

A

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CLASS 'B' & 'C' FIRES

Carbon dioxide (CO2) or Dry chemicals

or Liquefied gas react chemically to stop

fires in materials like petrol, kerosene

and grease etc.Chemical/Mechanical foam or AFFF

type extinguishes fires by blanketing

action or cutting of oxygen.

A

B

Never use foam on class 'C'or electric fires because of

risk of electric shock.

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A

B

C

CLASS 'A', 'B' & 'C' FIRES

Multipurpose dry chemicals with

different powders react chemically

by breaking chain reaction and

stopping fire. They also produceCO2 gas on heating. D.C.P. and

CO2 Extinguishers are used on

class 'C' fire, that is, fire of

electrical origins.

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KNOW SPECIAL FEATURES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

CLASS 'A' FIRE

Water, CO2 stored pressure,Soda acid type extinguisher.

Spray range : 30 to 40 feet.

Capacity : 9 lts.Discharge time : 1 minute.

ADVANTAGES

Longest spray range.

No danger to reflash as burning material is soaked.Easy to refill.

DISADVANTAGES

Good for class 'A' fire only. It can damage property.

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CLASS 'B' & 'C' FIRE

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)extinguisher

Spray range : 3 to 8 feet.Capacity : 1 kgs. to 22.5 kgs.

Discharge time : 8 to 30 seconds.

ADVANTAGESGood to use safely.

No mess to clean up.

DISADVANTAGES

If used in closed area may reduce supply of oxygen, making

breathing difficult. May cause static spark which could ignite

flammable gas, vapour, etc. It can not protect against reflash

when used alone.

Expensive.

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CLASS 'B' & 'C' FIRE

DRY CHEMICAL extinguisher.

Spray range : 5 to 10 feet.Capacity : 1 kgs. to 45 kgs.


ADVANTAGESCan be used on all types of fire.

least expensive.

DISADVANTAGES

They leave a blanket of dust which must be cleaned up at

once. May damage motors or electrical/electronics

appliances, etc. Breathing in large amounts of the chemical

irritates the lungs.

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Special features, advantages &disadvantages of different types of fire

extinguishers before buying and installation'B' & 'C' Class firesLiquefied gas extinguisher.

Same are rated for Class 'A' fire also.

Spray range : 4 to 8 feet.

Capacity : 1 kg to 2.5 kg.

Discharge time : 8 seconds.

AdvantagesLight & easy to handle. Requires no clean up after use.

Won't corrode engine parts and wires.

Disadvantages

Hazardous to use in unventilated area. Most expensive.

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'A' 'B' & 'C' Class fires

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL extinguisher.

Spray range : 5 to 20 feet.Capacity : 1 kg. to 15 kg.


ADVANTAGESShelf life is long.

Can be used on all types of fire.

DISADVANTAGES

They leave a blanket of dust which must be cleaned up at

once.May damage motors or appliances, etc.

Breathing in large amounts of the chemical irritates the

lungs.Slightly expensive than ordinary DCP.

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Note :All inverted type extinguishers

including foam, soda acid and

loaded stream have been

discontinued.If not inspected and maintained

properly they can be ineffective

and even dangerous.

Don't buy one of above type.

If you already have the sameget it tested and refilled.

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SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

DETERMINE THE TYPE YOU NEED

IDENTIFY

The fire hazards in your

home, and workplace to

know the type of fireextinguisher you need.

FOR EXAMPLE...

OFFICE

Keep 'A' type of fire extinguisher

as lots of wooden furniture and

papers etc.are potential dangersfor fire.

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FACTORY

Keep DCP, CO2or

multipurpose type ofextinguisher as all types of fire

hazards are existing there.

ELECTRICAL&

COMPUTER ROOM

Keep CO2and liquefied gasextinguisher so that clean up

after use could be avoided.

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HOME

It is advisable to keep A B C

type of fire extinguisher inhome.

CAR/VEHICLE

1 kg. CO2or multipurpose

extinguisher is the best forautomobiles.

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DETERMINE THE SIZE YOU NEED

Remember :

An extinguisher must be big

enough to fight incipient fire.

Consult fire and safety expertfor type, size & number of

extinguishers you need in fire

hazardous location.

Consider physical strengthand age of the person required to

use fire extinguisher

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Smoke detection andfire alarm system.

These are the first line

of defense against

spread of fire. They

help to know and fight

fire before it becomes

too big and causes abig damage.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHERSARE NOT SHOW-PIECES

LEARN OPERATION

OF EXTINGUISHER

BEFORE ANY FIREINCIDENT.

When fire starts you do

not have time to learn

how extinguisher can be

operated most effectively.

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INSTRUCT ALL

WORKERSInstruction regarding

operation, inspection,

testing & refilling

frequency should be madeavailable to all.

Mock fire drill should be

done periodically to

acquaint the people

regarding use of

extinguisher in emergency.

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Your fire departmentstaff or any expert inthe field may offer

training instructions inthe operation ofextinguisher

ONE MUST KNOW HOW TOOPERATE AND MAINTAIN

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

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IN CASE OF

FIRE

REPORTANY SMALLOR BIG FIREIMMEDIATELYTO THE FIREDEPARTMENT.

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UNLOCK EXTINGUISHER Pull locking pin or lifting bottom handle. Squeeze operating handle.

Don't worry if you get a jolt due to pressure.

STAY CALM

Get everyone out of building.

Call fire fighters.

If fire is small, use an

extinguisher, leaving yourself

through escape route.

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CONFIRM TYPE OF BURNING

MATERIAL.

Use right type of fire extinguisher.

GET CLOSE TO FIRE.

Remain 4 to 5 feet away if fire is of generaltype & 6 to 8 feet away in case of inflammable

liquid fire.

MOVE NOZZLE RAPIDLY SIDE TO

SIDE.

but slowly when fighting a liquid fire.BE EFFICIENT

Don't waste any extinguishing agent. Most

extinguishers are emptied in few seconds. So

every moment counts.

DISCONNECT ELECTRICITY

IMMEDIATELY.

You can treat this as class 'A' or 'B' fire after

disconnection.

SOAK ALL SURFACES.

To get a spray put your finger over tip of

nozzle.

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INSTALL RIGHT

EXTINGUISHERAT THE RIGHT PLACE

KEEP RIGHT TYPE OF EXTINGUISHER AT

THE RIGHT PLACE PREFERABLY NEAR

THE EXITS IN FULL VIEW OF ALL

PERSONS SO THAT IT COULD BE

REACHED QUICKLY AND EASILY AT THE

TIME OF EMERGENCY.

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ALONG THE WALK

WAYS

Where people normallymove or work.

NEAR EXIT DOOR

Escape becomes easy if

fire gets out of control afteruse of extinguisher.

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HAZARDOUS AREA

Where extinguisher can

not be blocked easily.

UP STAIRS

Where these are visible

to all users of the stairs.

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IN THE CAR

Under the driver's seat.

BASEMENT GODOWN

At the head of the stairs.

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IN THE ROOM

Near the entrance door. KEEP FIRE

EXTINGUISHERON WALL

BRACKET.

Their height should

not be more than 5

feet above working

level so that they

could be reached bypersons of average

height.

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PROPER MAINTENANCE OFFIRE EXTINGUISHER

Have extinguishers been tested and refilledimmediately after use.

CHECK PRESSURE GAUGE.

Weigh CO2 extinguishers every quarter to ensure that its contents are notleaking. Get it refilled if weight is reduced by 10% or more than specified for

the extinguisher. Same thing is applicable to CO2 cartridges also

EXAMINE CONTAINER.Mechanical parts, nozzle, locking pin etc. for

corrosion, damage, tampering and leaks etc. should

also be examined.

E

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DAMAGED PARTS

REPLACED/REPAIRED.

Parts damaged due to

corrosion or mishandlingshould be re-placed or

repaired immediately.

INSPECT THE

EXTINGUISHERS.

Regular inspection and

refilling, if required, shouldbe done by an expert

immediately.

HYDRAULIC TEST.

Hydraulic pressure testing ofextinguishers should be done

at regular interval as per

manufacturer's instructions.

RECORDS OF INSPECTION.

Inspection slip should be pastedon each extinguisher. Date of

inspection and due date for the

same should be recorded on the

inspection slip.

WALL BRACKETS.

Extinguishers should be mounted on corrosion free

strong wall brackets.

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TIPS BEFORE YOU BUY & USEEXTINGUISHERS

BUY THE ONE HAVING ISI MARKING & TEST

CERTIFICATEAs per I.S.I. or T.A.C. Standards and buy the model of your

requirement.

PRESSURE GAUGES :Check pressure gauge if extinguisher is provided with the same.

DON'T PURCHASE NON-STANDARD

EXTINGUISHERS AS THESE MAY INVOLVE

RISK DURING OPERATION

READ THE LABEL ON THE EXTINGUISHER:These points should be clearly written on the label :

- Class of fire for which extinguisher is suitable.

- Operating instructions.

- Maintenance instructions.

- Frequency of inspection/refilling.

TO OPERATE

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BE PREPARED FOR FIRE EMERGENCY &FIGHT IT BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE

INSTALLATION AND USEOF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Locate extinguisher ataccessible place.

Use right type of extinguisher.Learn to operate & practice itbefore you fight real fire.

Get hydraulic testing and use

standard refills as per ISIspecifications.

Mind well the right type of fireextinguisher needed at yourwork-place, your vehicle or your

h

Fire extinguishers cansave lives and property.Treat them with respect

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Know ABC of Fire