KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES SURVEY REPORT

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES SURVEY REPORTPARTICIPATION OF STAKEHOLDERS IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING

PROJECT: GIVE PEOPLE A VOICE! STRENGTHENING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN MINING INVESTMENT PLANNING TO ENSURE THE HEALTH OF PEOPLE, LIVESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF MONGOLIA

CLIENT: WWF MPO

CONTRACTOR:“GREEN FOCUS FACILITATOR” NGO

Ulaanbaatar 2017

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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES SURVEY REPORT PARTICIPATION OF STAKEHOLDERS IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING

CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 3

ONE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 61.1 Background 61.2 Goal 61.3 Methodology 6

TWO. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND INFORMATION LEVEL OF LOCAL CITIZENS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICERS REGARDING MINING PROCESSES 9

2.1 Information level of local citizens regarding mining topics 92.2 Information of local citizens and other stakeholders regarding

mining activities 132.3 Information frequency of local citizens 16

THREE. STATUS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING 18

3.1 Local citizens’ memberships in CSO and their participation 183.2 Experiences and initiations of public participation 203.3 Understandings and attitudes towards public participation in

mining related planning and decision making 213.4 Current condition of public participation in mining planning and

decision making 23

FOUR. OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCING PARTICIPATION OF STAKEHOLDERS IN MINING PROCESSES 26

4.1 Requested information by local citizens 264.2 Delivering information to local citizens and herders, ensuring

their participation 274.3 Status of mining companies 31

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 34

ANNEX 371. Questionnaire (Local citizens & herders) 372. Questionnaire (Local administration and specialists) 453. Questionnaire (Mining company) 51

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MRPAM Mineral Resources and Petroleum Authority of Mongolia EMP Environmental Management PlanDEIA Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment SEI State Environmental InspectorGO Governor’sOfficeCM Community Meeting CRH Citizens’ Representative HuralNGO Non-Government Organization FS Feasibility StudyTV TelevisionCSO Civil Society Organization SGH State Great Hural

Word definitions:Aimag: Administrative unit of Mongolia and it is equivalent to province. Mongolia is divided into 21 Provinces;Soum: Second level administrative unit subdivision of aimag. Mongolia has 330 soums;Bagh: Smallest administrative unit and soum divides into bagh;District: Ulaanbaatar is the capital city/metropolis of Mongolia and it is divides into districts;Khoroo: Smallest administrative unit in Ulaanbaatar and districts divides into khoroo;Hural: Anofficialmeetingorparliamentandalladministrativeunitshavehural to discuss and decide the issues.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

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Table 1.1 Sampling size and location of KAP survey on local citizens Table 1.2 Socio-demographics of respondents in the surveyTable 2.1 Mining related information sources Table 2.2 Local citizens’ ratings on their conditions of getting information

and awareness regarding mining processes Table 2.3 Mining operational impacts on environment and natural

resourcesTable 2.4 Whether the local citizens reach concerning mining impact

issuesTable 2.5 How reliable do the stakeholders inform about the mining

related matters? Table 2.6 Local citizens’ availability/accessibility evaluation on getting

information regarding miningTable 3.1 CSO membership status of local citizens participated in the

surveyTable 3.2 Experiences of local environmental protection Table 3.3 Organizations and people that support the public participation

and initiation the mostTable 3.4 Understandingandattitudesoflocalofficialsandspecialistson

ensuring public participation in mining planning, activities and decision making

Table 3.5 Local citizens’ attendances to meetings and trainings regarding mining

Table 3.6 Discussions with local citizens regarding miningTable 3.7 Public participation in mining processes Table 4.1 Need for trainings on public participation in mining related

decision making Table 4.2 Information needed in ensuring public participation in mining

related decision making Table 4.3 Approaches in delivering mining information to citizensTable 4.4 Expectations from ensuring public participation in mining

related decision making projectTable 4.5 Cooperation experiences of mining companies, operating in

the local area, involving local citizens in the following activities

LIST OF TABLES

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Figure 2.1 Information level of local citizens regarding mining processes Figure 2.2 Information level of local administration and specialists

regarding mining processes Figure 2.3 Awareness status regarding DEIA, by soums (N=454)Figure 2.4 Local administration and specialists’ evaluation on mining

activities Figure 2.5 Frequency of meetings involving local citizens Figure 2.6 Promoting public awareness by mining companies Figure 3.1 Activities with active public participation Figure 3.2 With whose participation the mining activities should be

monitored Figure 3.3 Public understanding and attitudes on ensuring their

participation in mining planning, activities and related decision making

Figure 3.4 Organizations which discuss the mining issues with local citizens

Figure 4.1 Interest in participation, discussions and trainings in ensuring public participation in mining related decision making

Figure 4.2 Awareness on laws and regulations related to ensuring equal participation of stakeholders in mining processes

LIST OF FIGURES

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“Strengthening public participation in mining investment planning to ensure the health of people, livestock and the environment of Mongolia” project will be implemented for two years. Therefore, 6 national and international consultants of Green Focus Facilitator NGO have been selected, and are working as the project team.

Thisprojectaimstocreateanopportunityfordesigninganefficientplatformfor cooperation in mining activities, and this survey covers the areas of Khotgor in Bukhmurun soum of Uvs aimag and Gutai hill in Batshireet soum of Khentii aimag.

The following objectives shall be ensured within the project goal, including: 1 Proper implementation of Detailed Environmental Impact

Assessment and laws and regulations on mining, ensuring a creation and protection rights for healthy environment through strengthening the public skilled participation;

2 As a result of capacity building of environmental CSO and advancing the cooperation; developing an actual impactful participation in the mining related decision making; and

3 Specifically focus on developing participation ofmining impactedherders through conducting public advocacy; therefore, ensuring and strengthening the public participation rights.

Herders,localcitizens,CO,localadministration,localofficersandminingcompanies will be engaged in this project. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey was conducted including the focus groups, and public awarenessprogramwillbedevelopedbasedonthefindingsofthisstudy.

The project goal is to determine the participation of focused stakeholders of selected bagh, soum and aimag in mining related decision making under “Strengthening public participation in mining investment planning to ensure the health of people, livestock and the environment of Mongolia” project conducted by consulting team of Green Focus Facilitator NGO together with the World Wildlife Fund.

Collected baseline data based on quantitative and qualitative surveys.

Through citizen’s questionnaire, evaluated socio-demographic data; local citizen’s motivation, participation, knowledge and attitudes; information sources of mining topics; and the need for public awareness,

1.1BACKGROUND

1.2 GOAL

1.3 METHODOLOGY

ONE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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public participation and capacity building during the project period.

Through local administration and specialist’s questionnaire, identifiedinformation sources of mining topics, its transparency level, current status of public participation in mining related decision making, and approaches to advance the public participation during the project period.

Through interviews and group discussions, collected data with the purpose to develop action plans towards ensuring equal participation of stakeholders, capacity building activities and training programmes under ensuring equal participation of parties for local citizens, local administration and mining companies within the project scope engaging stakeholders in mining related decision making in the local areas where the project will be implemented.

Sampling size. In determining the sampling size of knowledge, attitudes and practices survey, have decided that it was suitable to engage 525 respondents with the consideration of population of soum and sampling techniques on project evaluation and monitoring. Also, determined sampling error and response rate. In terms of population engaged in this survey, it covers 5-10 percent of total research population.

In selecting sampling unit, applied random sampling method.

Number of local citizens % Number of local

administrationandofficers %

AimagKhentii 236 52.0 30 42.3

Uvs 218 48.0 41 57.7Soum

Batshireet 188 41.4 14 36.6Binder 48 10.6 16 21.1

Bukhmurun 218 48.0 41 42.3Total 454 100.0 71 100.0

Totalof454 localcitizensand71 localofficersofBatshireetandBindersoums of Khentii aimag, and Bukhmurun soum of Uvs aimag were engaged in this evaluation on knowledge, attitudes and practices survey of local citizens.

Indicators Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalAge groups19-24 2.1 8.3 8.3 5.725-29 5.9 8.3 26.1 15.930-39 26.1 29.2 21.7 29.140-49 29.3 20.8 13.8 20.950-59 21.3 10.4 15.6 17.460-69 10.6 14.6 2.3 7.0

Table 1.1Sampling size and

location of KAP survey on local citizens

Table 1.2 Socio-demographics of respondents in the survey (%; by soums)

(N=454)

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70+ 4.8 8.3 2.3 4.0SexMale 59.6 64.6 47.2 54.2Female 40.4 36.4 52.8 45.8EducationUniversity and/or higher 23.4 25.0 30.3 26.9College 10.1 8.3 10.6 10.1Upper secondary 43.1 47.9 24.8 34.8Lower secondary 19.7 10.4 24.3 20.9Primary, uneducated 3.7 8.3 10.1 7.2Employment statusGovernment 21.3 27.1 24.8 23.6Private entities 5.3 0.0 5.5 4.8Self-employed 13.3 10.4 7.3 10.1Retired 12.8 20.8 9.2 11.9Herder 25.5 27.1 18.3 22.2Farmer, cultivator 1.1 2.1 0.0 0.7Unemployed 19.7 2.1 34.4 24.9Others 0.5 6.3 0.5 1.1Refused to answer 0.5 6.3 0.5 1.1Monthly average household income 255,274 227,407 247,391 250,486

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0N 188 48 219 454

The average age of the respondents in this survey is 42, where 54.2 percent is male, and 45.8 percent is female. In terms of educational level, 26.9 percent have university level education, 34.8 percent have secondary level education which is higher rate of educational levels compared to other levels.

In terms of employment, 23.6 percent of the local citizens work for the government agencies, 14.9 percent at private companies and self-employed, 22.2 percent are herders, 11.9 percent are retired, and 24.9 percent are unemployed.

Although, the monthly average household income is 250,486 tugrugs (two hundredfiftythousandfourhundredandeightysix)whichislowerthantheminimum subsistence level, the attitude of stating their income in reduced amount could be affecting this average amount. Also, employees in a sector where is it unavailable to determine the income regularly such as herders and self-employed, have participated more, is affecting the occurrence of lower household income amount.

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Local citizens and local administration are getting information regarding mining activities through many sources. While local citizens get information from television, rumors within local community, bagh hural, friends and socialmedia;thelocalofficersaregettinginformationfromlocalspecialistsin charge of related matters and mining companies which is higher rate compared to other information sources.

Source Questionnaire for citizens

Questionnaire for administration and

officersTelevision 85.7 25.4Local television 6.8 -Radio 2.4 -Daily newspaper 5.9 2.8Yellow press 0.7 -Mining enterprises 4.6 39.4Bagh hural 30.4 -Conferences of soum and CRH 12.8 -Local administrators and specialists

4.4 78.9

CSO /NGO, partnerships/ 5.3 23.6Parliament member of electoral district

3.7 -

Conferences of international projects and programs

4.4 -

Rumors 45.6 -Family members 8.6 -Friends 17.8 -Websites, Facebook 17.6 12.7Booklets,flyers 4.0 1.4Herders - 21.1Complaints from citizens - 42.3Bulletin board 6.6 -Other 0.7 -

Note: Due to multiple choice questions, cannot equal to 100 percent

The study shows that the rumors are leading for local citizens’ information source;meanwhile,thelocalofficersreceivetheirinformationthroughthemining companies and local specialists. Local citizens getting information fromunreliableandunofficialsourcehavebeenstudiedthroughquantitativesurvey.

2.1INFORMATION LEVEL

OF LOCAL CITIZENS REGARDING MINING

TOPICSTable 2.1

Mining related information sources

TWO. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND INFORMATION LEVEL OF LOCAL CITIZENS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICERS REGARDING MINING PROCESSES

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Claims and complaints from local citizens (42.3 percent) regarding mining impactsdeliveredtolocalofficers,isinfacttheoneofthekeysourcesoftheir information.

75.2percentoflocalcitizensand15.5percentoflocalofficersparticipatedin this survey, have insufficient information regardingmining processes.Whereas,2.6percentoflocalcitizenshaveverysufficientinformation,and22.2 percent have general information. From the group discussion studies, the local citizens have evaluated that their awareness on mining matters is insufficient and themining companies keeping the information secretsuchasnumbersofemployees,profits,mineralsresources;thefactthatinformation such as cooperation management with the local area, and how many employees will be recruited from the local area, which the local citizens are most interested, are not open and transparent does affect.

2.1 2.1 3.213.8 16.7

30.731.9 27.1

27.1

48.9 47.935.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun

Figure 2.1 Information level of local citizens regarding mining

processes (N=454)

Sufficient General Insufficient None

2.1

19.5 20

42.346.7

70

11.513.3

6.726.7 403.3

020406080

100

Figure 2.2 Information level of local administration and

specialists regarding mining processes (N=71)

Sufficient GeneralInsufficient Don't know

2.2

As displayed in Table 2.2, 82.6 - 88.1 percent of local respondents have expressed that they don’t have information regarding FS, DEIA, rehabilitation, resettlement and compensation. The local administration and mining companies have duties to keep the information of projects operating in that local area, open and transparent to the local citizens and publicunderthelaws.Thefactthatfulfillmentofsuchdutiesisinsufficientis studies through quantitative and qualitative surveys.

Local citizens who have participated in this survey criticized that neither of local administration and mining company do not keep the mining related information open and transparent, and report it on regular basis.

Indicators Well aware Generally aware Unaware TotalLicense 7.0 36.8 56.2 100.0Processes and activities of mining companies

12.8 37.7 49.6 100.0

Feasibility Study /FS/ 2.2 12.1 85.7 100.0DEIA 3.1 14.3 82.6 100.0Rehabilitation 2.4 9.5 88.1 100.0Mine-caused violation of human rights

8.6 18.3 73.1 100.0

Table 2.2 Local citizens’ ratings on their conditions of

getting information and awareness regarding

mining processes

Figure 2.1 Information level of local citizens regarding mining

processes (N=454)

Figure 2.2 Information level of

local administration and specialists regarding

mining processes (N=71)

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Breach of mining law 10.4 17.2 72.5 100.0Ensuring public participation prior to mining operations

6.2 16.1 77.8 100.0

Public participation after license issuance

5.1 14.3 80.6 100.0

Resettlement and compensation

2.2 11.7 86.1 100.0

Although it is regulated to decide upon receiving an approval from the local administration pursuant to the minerals law, in issuing an exploration license; the process of obtaining such approval hasn’t been realized since it is not regulated by law. Thus, this situation limits the local citizens’ rights to participate and to get information.

As shown in Table 2.2, 82.6 percent of the local citizens are unaware of DEIA. In studying the result by comparing the soums, 89.9 percent of local citizens of Batshireet soum, 85.4 percent of local citizens of Binder soum, and 75.7 percent of local citizens of Bukhmurun soum are unaware of the DEIA.

Majority of the mining companies operating in Uvs and Khentii aimags do not have public relations’ structure and/or specialist. Through individual interviews, representatives of the company management mentioned that low chance of risks to the human and livestock health, and to the environment since the operations have not commenced yet. Individual interviews proved that mining companies have general information about ensuring equal participation of stakeholders, especially, ensuring public participation and cooperation, as well as the laws and regulations.

Based on the summary of qualitative survey, public relation’s management of mining companies is weak, thus, currently the companies are not complying with its duties under the laws to provide local citizens with information and ensure an impactful participation due to the company’s policy on ensuring public participation and its capacity. Ensuring participation and transparency

Figure 2.3 Awareness status

regarding DEIA, by soums (N=454)

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which is the principles of responsible mining and good structuring, will be a valuable step towards developing good communication with the mining companies for local administration and local citizens.

Through group discussion, local citizens criticized about the facts that local administration has a mutual interest with the mining companies operating rather than local citizens’ rights; local citizens lack of accurate information; andofficialsdonotperformitsdutieshonestlybynotprovidingthelocalcitizenswithaccurateinformation.When53.5percentoflocalofficershavesaid that local citizens are able to get any information regarding mining andenvironment,yet,46.5percentoflocalofficershaveconsideredthatopportunity of getting any information for local citizens is little. Through a comparison of selected project soums, 40 percent of local citizens in Batshireet, 50 percent in Binder and 40 percent in Bukhmurun are not able to get any information they need regarding the mining processes.

Insertion 2.1 Public participation is important in responsible mining. Citizens should know what exploration activities are being conducted on the land they’re residing. Information is not transparent. It is not right that only local citizens of Onon bagh is participating and making decisions on commencing the mine. All local citizens of Batshireet should participate. The mining companies and local administration manipulates the fact that local citizens lack of information.

(Member of Forest partnership at Discussion, Batshireet soum of Khentii aimag)

Development of mining is plentiful in bad practices and has many bad cases. Small and medium sized mines do not pay attention to social and environmental impacts. Do not involve local citizens before commencing mining operations. Cannot assess environmental impacts accurately. Involves the local citizens at the last phase of its activities, therefore public participationisinefficient.

(Official of Governor’s Office at Discussion, Binder soum of Khentii

aimag)

84.6

100

33.3

7.7

60

7.7

6.7

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Batshireet

Bukhmurun

Binder

Figure 2.3 Local administration and specialists' evaluation on mining activities (N=71)

Support responsible mining Don't support mining Don't know

Local administrations have showed different attitudes towards mining, whereas 60 percent of local administration and specialists of Binder soum of Khentii aimag have cited that they don’t support mining which is the highest rate compared to Binder and Bukhmurun soums. The quantitative surveyresultsarealsoconfirmedbythequalitativesurvey.

Figure 2.4 Local administration and specialists’ evaluation on

mining activities (N=71)

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Insertion 2.2 Subsoil is not a property of SGH, Government, MA, yet, it is a property of nationals. Within the termination of Gutain hill license, if a gold deposit surrounding the Onon river is exploited, permanent damages will occur to humans, livestock andnaturalresources.Localcitizensandofficialsstandfirmlyonnotsupportingany mining company unless resolving issues such as identifying a long-term mining impact and rehabilitation by irresponsible mining companies which were operating before the long-named law was adopted.

(Group discussion, a representative of local officers, Binder soum of Khentii aimag)

As for the local administration of soum, they work closest with mining projects, therefore, is the important role to protect the rights of impacted stakeholders, and its rights and duties to make land use and water use contracts, and monitor the mining processes is given under the laws. Therefore, study result shows that local administration should perform its duties under the laws and is needed to contribute to developing responsible mining.

In our country, we have several good practices and the local administration has developed a good connection with mining companies such as obtaining and discussing environmental and social responsibility report by mining companies operating in the local area, and contracting cooperation agreement with them.

Local administration and specialists of Batshireet and Bukhmurun soums haveagreedtosupportaresponsibleminingwhichisbeneficialtothelocalarea. (see Figure 2.2)

Environmental impact on mining has the highest rate which is displayed on Table 2.3. For example: 71.6 percent cited negative impact on pastureland, 71.3 percent cited soil, 68.5 percent cited water resource, 61.2 percent citedflora,while,61.8percenthavecitednegativeimpactonfauna.Fromthis study, majority of respondents consider that mining activities have negative impacts on environment and natural resources.

Through qualitative survey study, local citizens have expressed their interest in stemming the mines since mining causes too much damages to the ecosystem such as damages to soil and pastureland, water pollution, frighten the animals away, raise a dust, loosening the hill by excavating, still, neglects the rehabilitation, thus, have bad customs of local citizens and herders are left harmed. Mining companies shall develop mining planning and thoroughly study the environmental impacts during the process, deeply search for the approaches to reduce such impacts; as well, they are encountering a need to discuss with environmental specialists, local administration and local citizens.

2.2 INFORMATION OF

LOCAL CITIZENS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS

REGARDING MINING ACTIVITIES

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Indicator Severe Negative None Don’t know TotalPastureland 50.0 21.6 4.6 23.8 100.0Soil 54.0 17.4 3.7 24.9 100.0Water, water source 50.2 18.3 4.6 26.9 100.0Flora, its kind 42.7 18.5 5.7 33.0 100.0Fauna 40.7 21.1 6.6 31.5 100.0Air 35.7 21.8 8.1 34.4 100.0Forest 35.5 20.7 7.7 36.1 100.0Soil and subsoils 36.1 19.6 5.5 38.8 100.0Impact area 27.8 20.9 3.7 47.6 100.0

Local citizens and local administration, who support in developing a responsible mining under the laws, have commented that identifying the environmental management standards and regulations with their participation, designing a system that complies it at all levels, and public monitoring on this system is crucial.

Accordingtotheresponsesoflocalofficers,localcitizens’claimstothelocaladministration and officers concerning the rejection ofmining operationhave the highest rate.

Indicator PercentageIllegal mining operations 35.2Mining impacts on environment 39.4Stemming the mines 46.5Remuneration, land clearing 5.6Encroachment of other’s rights to own -Requests regarding mining information 18.3Requests of information on mining laws and regulations 12.7Issues approached to CSO, NGO, and advocates -

It is important that local administration and mining companies focus on effectiveness of ensuring local citizens and stakeholders in conducting actions to reduce the negative impacts, determining risks and damages may occur to the environment during mining operations.

The following facts are causing in weakening local citizens’ trust in mining companies, including:

the fact that mining companies and local administration do not pay attention to keep negative impacts on culture, livelihood and heritage of local citizens due to mining activities at the lowest level;

the fact that companies do not present the actual information on potential environmental impacts of mine;

the fact that companies do not involve local citizens in the DEIA of the mine; and

the fact that companies do not resolve claims and complaints regarding environment and local citizens’ livelihood issues affected by the mining activities.

Table 2.3 Mining operational

impacts on environment and natural resources

(number of citizens=454)

Table 2.4 Whether the local

citizens reach concerning mining impact issues (Local administration,

specialists N=71)

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There are several bad practices that encountered public rejection due to the social and environmental impact issues, in the mining sector. For instance, the reason that local citizens of Bukhmurun soum of Uvs aimag protested the gold mining company operations was issues came across related to local citizens’ traditional cultures for funeral. There was an incident that the mining company, for not ensuring the impactful participation of local citizens and not having discussions, encounters disputes and protests, thus, the mining operations ended up stemming.

Local officers responded that local citizens receive reliable informationregardingminingfromthem.Infirst,relevantspecialist,insecond,governorof bagh, and in third, forest and environment protection partnership, have been listed as reliable information source.

Government is leading the unreliable information source chart, whereas local citizens are in second, and local administration of soum is in third. Localofficersparticipatedinthissurveyadmittedthatspecialistin-chargeofminingaffair,governorofbagh,thefirstleveloflocaladministrationunitinimpact area, and environmental partnerships provide a reliable information.Local citizens participated in group discussion cited that cooperation and exchanging information regarding mining between local administration and CSO is weak. (see Table 2.5)

Indicator Very reliable

Kind of reliable

Kind of unreliable

Unreliable at all

Don’t know Total

Governor 2.8 38.0 25.4 8.5 25.4 100.0Local administration of soum

1.4 46.5 15.5 7.0 29.6 100.0

Specialists 15.5 52.1 4.2 2.8 25.4 100.0Governor of bagh 16.9 50.7 9.9 0.0 22.5 100.0

Local media 5.6 12.7 5.6 1.4 74.6 100.0Reputable local citizen 5.6 32.4 22.5 1.4 38.0 100.0

Forest and environmental protection partnership

9.9 45.1 8.5 0.0 36.6 100.0

Media 12.7 36.6 9.9 1.4 39.4 100.0Herder’s group 11.3 32.4 14.1 1.4 40.8 100.0Fisher’s club 5.6 21.1 7.0 1.4 64.8 100.0Eco club 8.5 22.5 7.0 1.4 60.6 100.0Local citizens of impact area 11.3 29.6 15.5 4.2 39.4 100.0

Research institute 4.2 33.8 11.3 5.6 45.1 100.0

NGO 0.0 4.2 4.2 2.8 88.7 100.0

Table 2.5 How reliable do the stakeholders inform

about the mining related matters? Responses by

localofficers(N=71)

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Officials of soums and baghs have highlighted the fact that publicparticipation in mining related decision making is weak, which is caused by the fact that herders reside in isolated distances, activities of ranch, motivation of individuals and information availability. Governor of soum mentioned that herders are overloaded with work during nurturing offspring in the spring, stocking mowing in the autumn, and milk and dairy production in the summer. Therefore, it is necessary to consider their seasonal work load when planning activities in ensuring public participation.

Insertion 2.2 Information of meeting date is not delivered to all herders. I have to make a call myself again and again, and through herders’ group leader, as well. Local citizens’ education level affects in receiving information. Discuss the situation with local citizens of bagh, once or twice a month. Women attend the discussion majorly.Localcitizensconfirmfromusabout theaccuracyof informationtheyhave heard.

(Individual interview with the Governor of Bayangol bagh, Khentii aimag)

The ways of receiving information and frequency is an important factor in ensuring public participation in mining related decision making.

In this survey, 0.2 percent of local citizens are weekly, 4.6 percent monthly, 6.6 percent quarterly, 4.2 percent every half year, 20 percent have once or twice attended in mining related meetings and discussions, however, 59.9 percent cited they don’t know and have no information on such matter.

In this survey, identifying what information is delivered and any experience of cooperation from mining companies with respect to introducing and explaining its mining activities to public through multiple choice question, which include:

16.5 percent of mining companies invite the local citizens to meetings with respect to introducing, reporting, ensuring their participation and discussion; 4.6 percent delivers the information to households; 3.7 percent receives written claims; 1.1 percent introduces the DEIA. First step to developing responsible mining starts with mining company introducing a mining project to be operated in the local area to local citizens and local administration. However, a result which showedinsufficiencyofactivitiesbyminingcompanies,operatinginproject areas, in delivering information to public, has occurred.

2.3 INFORMATION

FREQUENCY OF LOCAL CITIZENS

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0.58 6.3 1.45.3

25

3.75.9

4.2

2.8

27.118.8

14.2

53.2 45.9

77.9


Figure 2.5 Frequency of meetings involving local citizens

Don't know Once a yearOnce in a half year Once in a quarterOnce a month Once a week

17

3.7

2.7

2.7

0.5

2.7

4.2

10.4

2.1

2.1

2.1

18.8

4.1

5

5

18.3

0 10 20

Invites to meetings

Delivers information at homes

Receives opinions

Receives written opinions

Engages in its activities

Presents DEIA andrehabilitation

Figure 2.6 Promoting public awareness by mining companies

Bukhmurun Binder Batshireet

2.5 2.6

People’s right to freely express their thoughts, get information, and freedom is ensured by the Constitution of Mongolia. 22.5 percent of local officersparticipatedinthissurvey,haverespondedthatlocalcitizensarefully available to receive information regarding mining and 31 percent said generally available to, while, the rest had selected responses which presents insufficiency of availability for local citizens’ opportunities toreceive information.

Indicator Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalFully available 30.8 13.3 26.7 22.5Generally available 30.8 33.3 26.7 31.0Average 11.5 26.7 13.3 18.3Poor availability 23.1 23.3 33.3 25.4Don’t know 3.8 3.3 0.0 2.8Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Figure 2.5 Frequency of meetings involving local citizens

Figure 2.6Promoting public

awareness by mining companies

Table 2.6Local citizens’ availability/

accessibility evaluation on getting information

regarding mining (Local administration,

specialists N=454)

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OnonUlzRiverMovementNGOwhich rectifies illegalmining activities,and breach of human rights, protecting the breached rights; is carrying out activities to identify the environmental impacts of mining operations, and providing meetings and trainings involving the local citizens and herders of Batshireet and Binder soums, Khentii aimag.

Local citizens and herders have partnership and group membership status in CSO and operate to protect the environment, “argali” the mountain sheep and forest; and properly use the pastureland.

Participants in this survey, 60.6 percent of Batshireet soum local citizens, 45.8 percent of Binder soum local citizens, and 18.8 percent Bukhmurun soum local citizens have membership status of forest, pastureland and environmental protection partnerships, NGO and clubs. This demonstrates that CSO in the local area has capacity to demand and cooperate with mining companies and local officials in implementing an objective todevelop responsible mining with equal participation of stakeholders.

Indicator Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalWomen’s NGO 3.7 0.0 4.1 3.5Forest and environmental protection partnership 49.5 37.5 8.7 28.6

Fisher’s club 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.9NGO 2.1 2.1 3.3 2.4Herder’s group 3.2 6.3 2.3 3.1Other 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.4No memberships 39.4 54.2 81.2 61.0Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Almost 80 percent of local administration officers named membershipsof forest, environment and pastureland protection groups, partnerships based on community core management. Emphasizing attitudes towards monitoring by and participation of local citizens and local administration in the mining operation phases have appeared among the local administration and specialists. (see Figures 3.1 and 3.2)

Accustomed activities for environmental protection are shown in the below table, based on the participation of local citizens and herders who participated in this survey. Local citizens of Khentii and Uvs aimags, where project will be implemented, work as the members of forest, environment and argali protection partnerships, pastureland protection group, with the

3.1 LOCAL CITIZENS’

MEMBERSHIPS IN CSO AND THEIR PARTICIPATION

Table 3.1 CSO membership

status of local citizens participated in the

survey (Local citizens’ questionnaire, N=454)

THREE. STATUS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING

19


highest rate, 38.3 percent is engaged in environmental protection, and in second, 31.5 percent responded that work as volunteer rangers.

Indicators PercentageAs member of forest, environmental protection partnership and/or pastureland user group 38.3

As active ranger/preservationist 31.5Fencing the springs and fountains 28.6Banishing the hunt, berries and nuts poachers, report them to the local administration 7.9

Fighting against illegal logging 18.1Protesting illegal mining operations on location 13.2Establishing NGO and CSO with the aim to advocate the local citizens regarding environmental protection and ecology 5.1

Establishing partnerships and groups to protect the forest and environment and collaborate with the Governor under agreement

18.5

Observing and informing about any negative impacts caused to the forest and environmental resources 11.9

Note: Due to overlapping, cannot equal to 100 percent

Members of the partnerships are contracted with the governor of soum, thus, have experiences in fencing the springs and fountains of their residing areas,fightingwithillegalloggingandconductingenvironmentalprotectionactivities.

4.2

4.2

14.1

49.3

76.1

0 20 40 60 80

Government

Company

CSO

Local citizens

Local administration

Figure 3.2 With whose participation the mining activities should be

monitored (administration, specialist's questionnaire N=71)

7

16.9

22.5

26.8

26.8

0 10 20 30

Don't know

Participation andinitiation is weak

Herder's group protectsthe pastureland and

cooperates

Partnerships protectsthe forest andenvironment

Reports on illegallogging and poaching

Figure 3.1 Activities with active public participation (administration and specialist's questionnaire N=71)

3.1 3.2

Insertion 3.1Surrounding areas of mining is located on special purpose land. Local citizens unit against this action. People deserve to know what exploration is conducted in thelocalarea.Thecompanybringsamininglicense,andconflictarisesbetweenthe local citizens and the company. A responsible mining should negotiate with local citizens, and all parties should cooperate. We have several environmental, argali and pastureland protection partnerships. Even have model partnership.

(Individual interview with specialist of related affairs, Bukhmurun soum of Uvs aimag)

Table 3.2 Experiences of local

environmental protection

Figure 3.1 Activities with active

public participation (administration and

specialist’s questionnaire N=71)

Figure 3.2 With whose participation

the mining activities should be monitored

(administration and specialist’s questionnaire

N=71)

20


According to the responses of local citizens participated in this survey, local citizens and herders, themselves, support the initiation for environmental protection of local citizens which has the highest rate. Second, CSO (partnership), and in third, governors of soum and bagh were mentioned. However, the quantitative study shows that the local citizens chose the companies which do not support the public participation and initiation.

Indicator Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalLocal citizens and herders, themselves 44.1 50.0 62.8 53.7

CO 8.0 10.4 6.0 7.3Local partnerships for forest and environmental protection 36.2 58.3 12.8 27.3

Projects and programs of IO 2.1 20.8 5.5 5.7Governors and CPH of soum and bagh 8.0 29.2 14.2 13.2

SEI 5.3 18.8 3.7 5.9Mining company 1.1 2.1 1.8 1.5

Note: Not equal to 100 percent due to multiple choice questions

The local administration plays an important role in developing and building cooperation and equal participation; and positive connection between local citizens and mining companies. 13.2 percent of local citizens of project area have mentioned local administration as the main supporter of public participation and initiation. Therefore, the local administration shall be the main bridge to create and support active participation of stakeholders, sets a foundation to cooperation, and developing active companionship.

Another fact to confirm the above result, has themost reaches to localadministrationandofficerswhichrelatedtoimpactissuesontheenvironment,natural resources, local citizens’ livelihood, economy and culture due to the mining activities.The study shows that local administration and officersare the main stakeholder on building public active participation in mining related decision making which the project is aiming.

We assume that local administration and specialists having main roles in ensuring equal participation of stakeholders in mining related decision making, and in resulting cooperation and mutual understanding between local citizens and mining companies, is the best option.

Local officers’ not to deliver inactive information through responding tolocal citizens’ requests and questions, but public is suggesting making all connections transparent and open such as building a cooperation among stakeholders based on trust, having the information required by local citizens regarding mining open and transparent, entering into trilateral cooperation agreement, and interviewing members.

When introducing its activities, the mining companies hold discussions and meetings with governors of soum and bagh, SEI, local citizens of impact area, and herders, and visit herders’ households.

3.2 EXPERIENCES AND

INITIATIONS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Table 3.3 Organizations and

people that support the public participation and initiation the most

(N=454)

21


Information that local citizens request from

companies

Claims by local citizens to companies

Responses from companies

- Economicefficiencytolocal citizens

- Workplaces- Mining impacts,

damages caused by concentrating

- Pastureland damages - Local citizens have not

requested information - Resource amount - How did the company

obtain license, what company holds the license, and what operations will be conducted

- Safety risks of people who conducts illegal production

- Utilize recent equipment

- voluminous dust - loud noise - Polluting soil and

pastureland - Preventing to

shovel gutters - Benefitstolocal

citizens - Requesting coals

- Cooperates with partnerships under contract

- Hires local citizens at its best

- Take actions to reduce the dust and noise

- Replies that the company will continue to operate in any circumstances

- Provides the impact area households with coal

- Transport via access roads, and shoveled gutters according to the standards

Determining understanding of public participation in mining related activities and decision making of local citizens residing on direct and indirect impact area by this study. (see Table 3.3)

1 out of every 2 respondents doesn’t know about the understanding of ensuring public participation in mining related decision making. Therefore, local citizens responded that would know how to participate in mining related decision making and ensure their participation based on their knowledge through getting knowledge from the trainings regarding legal knowledge of mining and public participation topics, and through hearing their voices and having discussions and meetings regarding mining related decision making.

Matrix 3.1 Information from mining

companies that local citizens want to receive

(Qualitative survey analysis)

3.3 UNDERSTANDINGS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED

PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING

Figure 3.3 Public understanding

and attitudes on ensuring their participation

in mining planning, activities and related

decision making (N=454)

22


The qualitative study shows that local citizens of Batshireet and Binder soums of Khentii aimag strongly oppose mining, specially, within the local citizens.

Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun- Local citizens speak

about their opinions, and resolve the issues

- Establish joint association of local citizens, company management and local administration

- Commence mining operations after obtaining local citizens’ approval

- Consider local citizens opinions prior to commencing mining operations

- Deliver information and inform to local citizens prior to commencing mining operations

- Make decision involving the local citizens

- Have plans in ensuring public participation, and act accordingly

- Educate the stakeholders with legal knowledge

- Regularly provide local citizens with information

- Listening to local citizens’ voices

- Take local citizens’ claims and comments, and incorporate it in its activities

- Communicate with local citizens and herders, come to mutual understandings

- Make resolutions based on local citizens’ claims and comments

Looking from the responses of local officers participated in this survey,public participation would be built through involving local citizens in mining related decision making and cooperating by providing information; shows that they have same views as local citizens.

It is creditable that seeking local citizens’ productive and operational participation through local citizens and officials express their opinionsregarding mining activities and discuss it, and making decisions based on the local citizens’ comments.

Indicator Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalProvide local citizens with workplaces 7.7 20.0 13.3 14.1

Provide with accurate information regularly 7.7 10.0 20.0 11.3

Public participation in decision making 15.4 16.7 6.7 14.1

Cooperation of stakeholders 3.8 6.7 0.0 4.2Hold meetings and trainings regularly 3.8 0.0 20.0 5.6

Interestsandbenefitsofstakeholders should be equal 3.8 0.0 6.7 2.8

Information should be transparent 15.4 13.3 6.7 12.7Don’t know 7.7 10.0 0.0 7.0No comment 34.6 23.3 26.7 28.2

Matrix 3.2 Local citizens’ proposals

related to ensuring public participation in

mining related planning and decision making


Table 3.4 Understanding and

attitudes of local officialsandspecialists

on ensuring public participation in mining

planning, activities and decision making (N=71)

23


In studying the current level of public participation in mining processes, 1 out of every 2 local citizens responded that “never have” or “haven’t heard” which has the highest rate.

With half of the local citizens of Bukhmurun soum, Uvs aimag, participated in this survey having responded that they have not been involved in meetings and discussions regarding mining activities, their awareness and participation is at a low level compared to local citizens of Batshireet and Binder soums of Khentii aimag.

Number of attendance Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalOnce 20.7 16.7 14.2 17.2Twice 8.5 2.1 2.8 5.1Three times 3.2 6.3 2.8 3.3Four times 1.6 0.0 0.9 1.1Five times 3.7 4.2 2.3 3.1Never have 36.2 35.4 50.5 43.0Haven’t heard 26.1 35.5 26.6 27.3Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

When specifying about actions have been undertaken to ensure participating of stakeholders, and about discussions with local citizens regarding mining matters through this survey, also, indicating bad results which can be seen from the major responses including “haven’t discussed” and “don’t know”. Throughquantitativeandqualitativestudies,manyresultsshowinsufficientand poor public participation in ensuring mining related decision making and its activities.

This result also proves the fact that public participation in mining activities and decision-making is poorly ensured.

Topics Regularly Few times

Never have

Don’t know Total

Resettlement 0.9 4.0 47.8 47.4 100.0Compensation amount 0.7 6.8 47.6 44.9 100.0Prior to mining 1.3 7.0 45.2 46.7 100.0Before the Mining License issuance 1.1 5.3 44.7 48.9 100.0

After the Mining License issuance 1.3 7.5 42.1 40.1 100.0

Planning and reporting of mining activities 0.7 6.6 45.8 46.9 100.0

Public participation and monitoring on mining activities 2.4 7.0 43.0 47.6 100.0

For few times, local administration, CSO and mining companies have organized meetings and discussions to discuss the mining issues with local citizens. (see Figure 3.3)

3.4 CURRENT CONDITION OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

IN MINING PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING

Table 3.5 Local citizens

attendances to meetings and trainings regarding

mining (n=454)

Table 3.6 Discussions with local

citizens regarding mining (n=454)

24


In this survey, how active do local citizens, local administration and CSO participate, and whether they’re using their rights to express their opinions in determining and assessing the environmental impacts caused by mining activities have been analyzed. 0.7-22.5 percent of total respondents have been involved in developing EMP and DEIA.

Activities Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalDiscussions to get local citizens’ comments to commence mining operations

35.5 12.5 13.3 22.5

Meeting to introduce mining impacts, and potential citizens and areas which may be affected

12.8 4.2 5.5 8.4

Meeting to introduce the action plan to rehabilitate and reduce negative mining impacts

5.3 2.1 2.8 3.7

Meeting to introduce and promote the public participation regulated by the laws and regulation, as well as EIA procedures

3.2 4.2 4.1 3.7

Commented on meeting to determine negative impacts of mining with public participation

2.7 6.3 0.9 2.2

Meeting to introduce EMP of the company 2.1 4.2 2.3 2.4

Meeting to discuss issues regarding compensating the impacted citizens and their resettlement

1.1 2.1 0.5 0.9

Meeting to introduce the execution of EMP 3.2 2.1 0.5 1.8

Informed the environmental impacts from the mining operations to the local administration

1.1 0.0 0.5 0.7

Before commencing mining operations, the participation of local citizens and local administration in reducing negative impacts or in determining potential risks and impacts have been approved by the law, however, the

Figure 3.4 Organizations which

discuss the mining issues with local citizens

(N=454)

Table 3.7 Public participation

in mining processes (N=454)

25


survey results show that the public participation is almost not ensured. For instance: no information regarding clause 1.5 of regulation on ensuring public participation in detailed environmental impact assessment which stated, “shall keep the management plan open to public”, is proved through group discussions results. From the quantitative and qualitative surveys, the fact that mining operations have affected local citizens’ interest and public participationinenvironmentalimpactissuesisveryweakisreconfirmed.

Extracts from laws and regulations: Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism (“MEGDT”) have approved regulation on Ensuring Public Participation in Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment in 2014. According to this regulation, MEGDT have duties to upload the information of projects which has DEIA on its website. In the clause 1.5 of this regulation stated “shall keep the management plan open to public”.

Strategic assessment: Professional team to conduct strategic assessment shall inform the public about the information regarding receiving public comments in the assessment processes prior to gathering comments, and collect comments within 21 days.

Cumulative impact assessment: Professional team shall get comments from local citizens and organizations on the cumulative impact assessment and carry out open discussions.

General Environmental Impact Assessment: Local administration shall keep the information of projects will be and is implemented on its local area open to public and shall upload the comments from local community on projects and assessment decisions to the environmental data base.

Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment: - Professional assessment company shall have meetings with local citizens during

the forecasting phase and will get all approvals from local citizens by participatory assessment methods;

- In the impact assessment phases, assessing the direct and indirect impacts of the project through discussions involving the public participation, and focus on incorporating the livelihood of citizens and social issues.

- After completing developing detailed environmental impact assessment report and environmental management plan together with project implementer, shall have the assessment report and analysis of public comments discussed at public meetings of soum and khoroo of the local area within 15 work days.

- Potential citizens for impact shall deliver their comments on environmental impact assessment to community meeting of bagh and/or khoroo before the finaldecision on the project is made.

- Project implementer, Governors of soum and/or district, community meeting of baghand/orkhoroo,and/orenvironmentalofficeofaimagand/orcapital shallhave duties to keep the approved report of detailed environmental impact assessment open to the public.

- During the implementation of approved report of detailed environmental impact assessment and environmental management plan, ensures the public participation and introduces the implementation process to the local community of the project area no less than once a year.

During the implementation of mining project, public awareness is crucial for citizens residing in the direct and indirect impact zone to demand their participation rights given under the laws and regulations from the mining companiesandlocaladministration,tofilecomplaints,tosubmittothecourt,and for local citizens to enjoy its right to participate in taking measures to stem the mining operations if it is hazardous to the environment and human health.

26


In this chapter, the study results of the need of public awareness, approaches to provide awareness under this project goal to ensure public participation in mining related decision making, thus, options for advancing public participation will be introduced.

1 out of every 2 local citizens who have participated in the survey have emphasized the need for trainings related to mining planning, activities, and cooperation in ensuring public participation in mining related decision making developed for local citizens.

78.8 percent of local citizens of Batshireet and Binder soums of Khentii aimag, Bukhmurun soum of Uvs aimag, have deemed that trainings related to ensuring public participation in mining related decision making are needed.

Analyzing based on differences of the soums, 89.9 percent of Bukhmurun soum, 76.6 percent of Batshireet soum and 37.5 percent of Binder soum local citizens have expressed their need of trainings related to public capacity building.

Indicator Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalMuch needed 38.3 22.9 67.0 50.4Needed 38.3 14.6 22.9 28.4Less needed 3.2 4.2 2.3 2.9Don’t know 16.5 41.7 5.5 13.9Refused to respond 3.7 16.7 2.3 4.4Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Asmentionedabove,thestudyconfirmstheneedofensuringawarenessfor local citizens is high.

Results from studies of open-ended questions show what information do local citizens request in connection to public participation in mining related decision making. (Table 4.2) Through local citizens’ responses, comprehensive information on ensuring public participation is requested, thus, listing down from the highest frequency:

first, environmental impacts fromminingoperationsandpromoting legalawareness on ensuring public participation in mining processes;

second, trainings on same topics; and third, reducing the environmental impacts from mining operations, conducting rehabilitation, and public monitoring in such processes.

Table 4.1 Need for trainings on public participation in

mining related decision making

4.1REQUESTED

INFORMATION BY LOCAL CITIZENS

FOUR. OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCING PARTICIPATION OF STAKEHOLDERS IN MINING PROCESSES

27


Means of information Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalEnter into trilateral agreement, summary, monitoring, reporting and cooperation

2.1 0.0 4.1 2.9

Provide workplaces and contribute to local economy 3.7 0.0 13.3 7.9

Provide local citizens with accurate and transparent information /laws and regulations, environmental protection, enjoy their rights to participate/

26.6 8.3 11.9 17.6

Trainings /environmental protection, legal knowledge/ 19.1 10.4 8.3 13.0

Local citizens monitoring on conducting rehabilitation and restoration to natural form

3.20 6.3 17.4 10.4

knowandinformmineprofit,development, its contribution to local community

0.5 0.0 3.2 1.8

Deliver the meeting appointment with public participation, in advance

0.0 0.0 7.8 3.7

Provide with booklets and printed materials regarding mining matters /brief and clear/

0.0 0.0 2.8 1.3

Deliver information to other stakeholders via online and bulletin board

10.6 4.2 0.5 5.1

No comment 8.5 2.1 1.8 4.6Don’t know 25.5 68.8 28.9 31.7

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Local citizens are paying great attention to environmental impacts caused by mining and its outcome issues, thus, focusing on related awareness. Results from studying the effective tools and mechanisms for promotion of impactful participation, are shown in Table 4.3.

From local citizens’ proposed comments, the following responses were included,whichinfirst,withthehighestrate,organizingopendooreventsregarding mining operations by stakeholders; in second, regularly update the information regarding mining posted on bulletin boards of GO of soum and bagh, and in third, report resolutions of complaints regarding mining, transparently.

Table 4.2 Information needed

in ensuring public participation in mining

related decision making

4.2 DELIVERING

INFORMATION TO LOCAL CITIZENS AND HERDERS,

ENSURING THEIR PARTICIPATION

28


Information tools Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalPost information on bulletin board of GO of soums and baghs

41.0 37.5 35.8 38.1

Via websites 31.9 16.7 6.4 18.1Posting minutes of meetings on bulletin boards and websites

17.6 2.1 11.9 13.2

Stakeholders should carry hearings on regular basis 34.0 10.4 22.9 26.2

Stakeholders should organize open door events relating to mining activities

34.6 8.3 52.4 39.9

Informing the resolutions derived from claims relating to mining activities transparently

44.1 8.3 33.9 35.5

Deliver meeting appointment to local citizens in advance, and inform the meeting results openly

36.7 25.0 15.1 25.1

Organize meetings at local citizens’ households and workplaces

24.5 18.8 15.6 19.6

Other 2.7 0.0 0.5 1.3Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Stakeholders, particularly the mining companies and local administration, should consider local citizens’ proposals in their activities, and by developing a socially responsible mining based on the participation of stakeholders, which would reduce the suspicions and rejections within local community, thus, resolving many issues such as citizens’ livelihood and cultural heritage that worries the local citizens regarding the environment.

With the 70 percent of all respondents, local citizens have high interest in participating inminingactivities. In thenextfigure,publicparticipationatthe soums is displayed.

4131.3

40.429.3

22.933

19.7 20.815.6

2.7 2.1 0.57.5

14.6

2.30

1020304050


Figure 4.1 Interest in participation, discussions and trainings in ensuring public participation in mining related decision making

(N=454)

Actively participate Participate Particpate if availableBusy to participate Don't know

Table 4.3 Approaches in delivering

mining information to citizens (Citizen’s

questionnaire, N=454)

Figure 4.1 Interest in participation,

discussions and trainings in ensuring public

participation in mining related decision making

(N=454)

29


Insertion 4.1Proposals from respondents regarding approaches in ensuring public participation in mining related decision making:

Public participation in reducing negative impacts: - Collect local citizens’ signatures - Play documentaries about environmental impacts of mining - Distribute manuals and DVDs to households

Training - Training for local citizens of their rights

Promotingnon-miningprofits- Fresh air – eco tourism - Consuming dairy products, wild berries and pine nuts - Peaceful life

Organizing and supporting activities related to public participation - NGO which represents the community and with good knowledge of

related issues- Act honestly - Represent the local citizens in mining activities - Participate in trainings through forest - Cooperate with Onon Uls NGO on legal matters - Mining companies should make agreements with local administration

and local citizens - Inform the mining FS, DEIA, an agreement transparently

Within ensuring public awareness: - SEI /EMP plan, land management plan, DEIA, land use permit etc./ - OfficeofCRH- Forest partnership - Women’s NGO

(Assembled group discussions, at Batshireet soum of Khentii aimag)

30


From group discussion, proposals with respect to ensuring public participation in mining processes have been categorized, as follows:

Khentii aimag Uvs aimag• Participate in trainings on environmental

protection • Building cooperation of stakeholders • Provide with accurate information • CSO, operate by network system,

environmental partnership and NGO use the network in soum

• Maintain open bulletin boards for local citizens • Provide workplaces for local citizens• Trainings to give legal knowledge on ensuring

public participation in mining • Bagh and local administration should have

transparent information • Make trilateral agreement• Announce and deliver meeting appointment

earlier • Local citizens should be free to express their

minds • Local administration act in favor of their political

parties, do not act supportive for local citizens • Educate local citizens of all baghs /is not just

matter of one soum/ • Cooperate with rangers • Deliver information through local citizens and

herders’ Facebook

• Local citizens should monitor and summarize the cooperation agreement

• Mining DEIA should be transparent, and be available to all stakeholders

• Ensuring public participation and should engage environmental protection partnerships

• Accurate information • Promote awareness to

the youth, and increase their motivation

• Mining companies should organize open door events

• Informing by companies at the bagh meetings on regular basis

• Mining companies should closely cooperate with partnerships

In Table 4.4, how to communicate with locals during mining operational phases and what cooperation approaches do local administration and specialists have preferred, is shown.

Response options Batshireet Binder Bukhmurun TotalProvide with workplaces 7.7 20.0 0.0 11.3Develop responsible mining pursuant to laws and regulations

34.6 20.0 26.7 26.8

Enter into trilateral agreement, make joint decisions 0.0 3.3 13.3 4.2

Give accurate and clear understandings to locals regularly

19.2 3.3 6.7 9.9

Designing a legal environment for decision making based on public participation

19.2 30.0 6.7 21.1

Not issuing multiple licenses 0.0 3.3 6.7 2.8Other /meetings 0.0 3.3 26.7 7.0Don’t know 19.2 16.7 13.3 16.9Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Matrix 4.1 Local citizens’ proposals with respect to ensuring

public participation in mining processes


Table 4.4 Expectations from

ensuring public participation in mining

related decision making project (Local

administration and specialists N=71)

31


Fromthefactthat26.8percentoflocalofficialsandspecialistsproposedtodevelop responsible mining under the laws, while 21.1 percent proposed to design a legal environment for decision making based on public participation; it is possible to increase the public participation in mining related decision making in the future. Therefore, the study shows that local administration and local citizens both have joined the goal to develop responsible mining based on the participation of stakeholders since local citizens have greatly proposed for awareness promotion.

Consulting team have met and interviewed with the management of 6 mining companies which hold mining license, and 17 mining companies which hold exploration licenses in Khentii and Uvs aimags in the pilot areas, and have incorporated their opinions in the evaluation report.

47 percent of management of mining companies are generally aware; while 12 percent are less aware of laws and regulations, orders and resolutions on ensuring equal participation of stakeholders in mining processes.

Grouping information of difficulty issues encountered during miningoperations in the local area, as follows:

Local citizens demand and oppose with unreasonable and unavailable requests by believing in rumors due to lack of information;

Local citizens interrupt operations with negative attitudes; Requestfinancialsupportwhichisnotplannedinminingactivities; Dispute rises quite commonly due to local citizens and herders mix-

ups between geological survey and mining operation; Encounterdifficultiesinconductingminingactivitiesduetovariance

of integrated policy of state authority and local administration and its enforcement;

Can’t come to a mutual understanding with local citizens; Difficulties due to bureaucracy encountered at all management

levels; Political unsustainability causes negative impacts on mining

activities; Most difficult issue is to acquire awritten approval fromCRH of

bagh to approve the DEIA of mine /most challenging to comprehend with local citizens of soum and bagh/; and

4.3 STATUS OF MINING

COMPANIES

Figure 4.2 Awareness on laws

and regulations related to ensuring

equal participation of stakeholders in mining

processes

32


In terms of coal mining company, market capacity is small, prices fall due to competitions, and poor infrastructure.

Insertion 4.1Mining companies encounter conflicts and misunderstandings with localcommunity, although operating under a license which was issued according to the laws and regulations. Local administration should all have one integrated rules and regulations. Due to local administration’s ambitions and/or politicking, and/or one herders’ disapproval, our normal activities of many years are stemming and causing complications.

(Individual interview with mining representative)

Subjects Once Few times Never TotalPresentation to commence the mining operations 41.1 35.4 23.5 100.0

Impacts on population, pastureland and natural resources caused by mining

24.0 6.0 70.0 100.0

EMP and its reporting 29.4 17.6 53.0 100.0DEIA 53.0 17.6 29.4 100.0Rehabilitation 47.0 6.0 47.0 100.0Resettlement 6.0 6.0 88.0 100.0Compensation 0.0 6.0 94.0 100.0Resolutions of claims by the local citizens 29.4 17.6 53.0 100.0

Introduction to cooperation activities with local citizens and herders

29.4 17.6 53.0 100.0

Even when 41 percent of respondents representing the mining companies have evaluated their knowledge of ensuring equal participation of stakeholdersissufficient,theirexperiencesinensuringpublicparticipationin its activities weren’t adequate (Table 4.5).

Mining companies have expressed following opinions towards ensuring equal participation of stakeholders in its activities, which include:

Pay attention to explaining well and having governors of soum and bagh, local citizens and herders understand the mining activities, it is common for local citizens to assume and approach mining companies as wealthy organization;

It is necessary to cooperate with all stakeholders to commence mining activities. Especially, it is necessary to enter into cooperation agreementuponsufficientnegotiationatthelocalmanagementleveland due to uncertainty of minerals resources’ discovery during the exploration phase, the mining companies are interested in lowering local investment amount which will be set in the cooperation agreement with the local administration. In the production phase, it is available negotiate with the local authority and plan a budget in the cooperation agreement.

Table 4.5 Cooperation experiences

of mining companies, operating in the local area, involving local

citizens in the following activities (percentage)

33


Have several meetings and discussions with local citizens and herders residing on impact area, keep the information transparently, and deliver accurate information;

Local administration of soum should openly cooperate with mining companies;

All stakeholders should mutually understand each other; Provide local citizens and parties with legal information; Local administration should deliver accurate information and give

right directions to local citizens, thus, improve the connection; If local administration and local citizens can understand and support

the mining companies, mining activities should endure less loss, and operate normally, and should be able to benefit the localdevelopment in short amount of time.

Summing the above, it was noticed that mining company management is interested in ensuring equal participation of stakeholders in mining related decision making, therefore, it is essential that local administration should advance its knowledge and awareness, its cooperation and coherence, and should lead a constructive management.

34


In this Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study, 454 local citizens and 71 state officers of Khentii and Uvs aimags, a total of 525 peoplehave participated, thus collected data through quantitative and qualitative (individual interviews and focus group discussion) surveys, and summarized the survey analysis.

Based on the studies, the following conclusions and recommendations are prepared regarding providing the stakeholders with information, ensuring equal participation, developing cooperation of stakeholders, which include:

The result of this KAP study shows that the local citizens receive information fromTVand rumorswhile the localofficers receive theirinformation from the specialists of related local authorities and mining companies. Reliability and accuracy of information received by local citizensandlocalofficers’arebeingdifferent.

Although, the local administration is obliged to keep the information of mining projects operating in the local areas open according to its duties givenunderthelaws;thefindingsfromthequantitativeandqualitativesurveys show that the enforcement of such laws is insufficient.Oneof the reasons is that local officers are not accustomed to receivinginformation regarding mining from the mining companies.

Duetotheinsufficientimplementationofintegratedpolicies,programs,plans and activities to develop a responsible mining in the local areas,the75.2percentoflocalcitizens,15.5percentoflocalofficersparticipatedinthissurveyhadinsufficientinformationonmining.Also,aninterestingresultwasnoticedinthisstudywhichthelocalofficersreceived information through claims and complaints by the local citizens related to mining, at certain level.

While 52.4 percent have suggested in receiving information regarding mining through open-door events, 35.8 percent have suggested in receiving information regarding mining from the bulletin boards at the GO of soum and at the centrals of bagh. Thus, they have expressed their interest in receiving information through developing system that reports on the resolving of their complaints.

Local citizens most interested in topics such as minerals resources, profits of the mining companies, and its contribution to the localcommunity,andduetothisinformationisnotopentopublic,theconflictsremain between the local community and the mining companies.

The findings from qualitative survey show that ensuring equalparticipation of stakeholders, and their cooperation is weak due to the absence of public relations’ structure in the companies conducting mining operations in Uvs and Khentii aimags.

The fact that 1 out of every 2 local citizens, participated in this survey, is not aware of public participation in mining related decision making is studiedthroughthesurvey,efficientawarenessprogrammesdirected

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

35


towards the local citizens are needed to be developed and implemented. The findings fromqualitative survey show that local citizens criticize

the facts that local administration has a mutual interest with the mining company, and is not honest in providing accurate information to local citizens related to mining, and is not fully aware of its duties given under the laws related to mining.

The study shows that local citizens receive information from unreliable sources;therefore,localofficersneedtoprovidethelocalcitizenswithinclusive and actual information regularly.

The following factors are affecting in reducing the local citizens’ trust in mining companies:• the fact that mining companies and local administration do not

pay attention to keep negative impacts on culture, livelihood and heritage of local citizens caused by mining activities at the lowest rate;

• the fact that companies do not present the actual information on potential environmental impacts of mine; and

• the fact that companies do not involve local citizens in the DEIA of the mine.

Thus, the mining companies need to focus on the above factors. Since the mining companies do not communicate and consult with

the local citizens prior to conducting its activities in the licensed area, conflictsandrejectionsstillarise.Theminingcompaniesdonotpromotethe contributions of mining projects to the local community, thus, the mining companies only interact and resolve with local administration. Local citizens and representatives from the CSO who have participated in the group discussion have considered that discussed matters and resolutions between the companies and local administration are not transparent, and do not ensure the public participation.

While 41 percent of the total local citizens responded that they work as the members of herder’s group, and environmental protection and argali protection partnerships; 76 percent of the total local officersresponded that there are environmental protection partnership and herder’s groups protecting the pastureland operating in the local areas which relies on the local citizens, thus, laying enough grounds to ensure public participation in mining related decision making.

Through the survey, respondents highlighted that local administration, CSO and the mining companies have a great responsibility in ensuring an equal participation of all stakeholders in mining related decision making. Therefore, the local administration needs to be correctly directed towards developing a communication, coherence and cooperation among stakeholders.

With the most responses, 65 percent of the local citizens have responded that they are not aware of the organizations which they can discuss the mining issues with. Meanwhile, 22 percent of the local citizens have chosenthelocalofficers,9percenthavechosentheCSO,and4percenthave chosen the mining companies, which demonstrate the need of a significantimprovementinnegotiationprocessamongstakeholders.

Although the local citizens and local administration should be involved

36


in determining potential risks and negative impacts prior to mining operations pursuant to the regulations; enforcement of this regulation isinsufficientnotonlyduetoverylittleamountofparticipation,butdueto the lack of stakeholders’ awareness regarding a provision in the regulations to ensure the public participation in detailed environmental impact assessment which stated “shall keep the management plan open to public”.

Since 26.8 percent of local administration and specialists have proposed an opinion on developing a responsible mining within the legal framework, and 21.1 percent have proposed an opinion on designing a legal environment for decision making based on public participation, there is an opportunity for public participation in mining related decision making that can be increased.

When local citizens and local administration participating in mining related decision making, it is required to design mechanism which implements active and sustainable participation. Particularly, the engagement to develop Cooperation agreement, EMP and DEIA, sharing their opinions, and in evaluation, monitoring and reviews.

The respondents believe that public participation in mining related decision making can be ensured, through listening to local citizens’ voices, having meetings and discussions, and consulting with them, as well as enrolling them in trainings regarding legal and participation topics.

An accomplished CSO, actively operating in the local area is only few. An institutional base structure has been designed at the soum levels because 41 percent of local citizens and herders efficientlywork asmembers of the forest and pastureland protection partnerships. Therefore, in increasing the active public participation in mining related decision making, it is impactful to reach the other local citizens through these partnerships and CSO.

Since the study demonstrated inadequate public participation in the EMP and DEIA, as well as high demand for local citizens to enroll in legal trainings related to mining, it is important to deliver messages and advocacy to advance the public awareness and participation in mining related decision making through systematic and best possible fixedapproaches.

The local citizens recommended to legally respond to claims and complaints from local citizens regarding mining operational impacts, and to keep the resolutions open and transparent to all stakeholders. Therefore, local administration should pay attention to this issue.

Conducting advocacy and organizing trainings for legal awareness on ensuring equal participation of stakeholders, to management and employees of mining companies is needed. Also, mining companies should support the local policies on mining.

Local citizens demand open and transparent information from mining companies. Therefore, it is needed to advance the communication, cooperation and coherence of the stakeholders, as well as reporting necessary information to the stakeholders according to the law and delivering good understandings.

37


Green Focus Facilitator NGO’s consulting team conducts this KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) survey under “Strengthening public participation in mining investment planning to ensure the health of people, livestock and the environment of Mongolia” project together with the World Wildlife Fund with the aim to determine the public participation of Batshireet soum in mining related decision making. Your responses will contribute in developing impact program on ensuring public participation in mining processes. No true or false questions. Choose and mark the response option that best represents your opinion.

Monitoring use onlyName Code Date of survey

Soum YearBagh MonthRespondent’s contact number Day

I. GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Age [.................................]2. Sex 1. Female 2. Male 3. Education Level 1. Tertiary

2. Vocational (non-tertiary) 3. Upper Secondary 4. Lower Secondary 5. Primary

5. Employment1. Employee at government organization 2. Employee at private sector 3. Self-employed 4. Retired 5. Herder 6. Farmer, cultivator 7. Unemployed8. Other (specify)...........................................................

6. Sources of your household income 1. Salary2. Livestock3. Pension, welfare for children

ANNEX

1. QUESTIONNAIRE (LOCAL CITIZENS &

HERDERS)

38


4. Agriculture5. Vegetable farming6. Selling berries, pine nuts, medicinal herbs and etc.7. Firewood8. Self-employed business 9. Employment at a mining company10. Supplying products to a mining company 11. Other (specify) ........................................

7. Average monthly income of your household: ......................... tugrugs

8. How far is your house located from the mining licensed area? ……………

9. Membership1. Member of women’s NGO 2. Copartner of forest partnership 3. Memberofafishingclub4. Member of NGO (please name) ............................................5. Member of a herder’s group and pastureland user community 6. Other (specify) ................................................................7. No membership

II. ИРГЭД, МАЛЧДЫН УУЛ УУРХАЙН МЭДЛЭГ МЭДЭЭЛЛИЙН ТҮВШИН, ХАНДЛАГА

10. What are your sources of information on mining related topics? Please, select three options.

1. Television2. Local TV 3. Radio4. Daily newspaper5. Yellow press 6. Mining company 7. Bagh hural 8. Soum, CRH hural 9. Local administration and specialists 10. CSO, NGO, partnerships and clubs 11. Parliament member of electoral district12. Conferences of international projects and programs, its booklets &

brochures 13. Rumors within local citizens14. Family members 15. Friends & acquaintances 16. Websites, Facebook and etc. 17.Bookletsandflyers18. Bulletin boards 19. Other (specify) ..........................................................

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11. How much knowledge do you have about mining operations?A lot In general A little, none

Location of licensed area 1 2 99Which mining companies are operating? 1 2 99Feasibility study 1 2 99Environmental Impact Assessment of a mine 1 2 99

RehabilitationMining-based violation of human rights 1 2 99Actions violating the mining law 1 2 99Citizen’s participation prior to license issuance 1 2 99

Citizen’s participation following license issuance 1 2 99

Gathering opinions from citizens and local administration for DEIA report 1 2 99

Resettlement, remuneration 1 2 99Introducing the land-use planning to local citizens 1 2 99

Other

12. How much information/knowledge do you have about mining companies?1. Sufficient2. General3. Insufficient4. Almost none

13. How would you assess the local environmental conditions? 1. Unaffected2. Deteriorated3. Don’t know

14. How mining companies are affecting the environment and the natural resources?

Critical Low affect No affect Don’t knowPastureland 1 2 3 99Soil 1 2 3 99Water, water source 1 2 3 99Flora 1 2 3 99Fauna 1 2 3 99Air 1 2 3 99Forest 1 2 3 99Land surface and subsoil 1 2 3 99Impact environment 1 2 3 99

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15. How is mining affecting the environment and local citizens’ livelihood? Critical Low affect No affect Don’t know

Ground water, surface water 1 2 3 99Springs and fountains 1 2 3 99Ground, soil 1 2 3 99Mold 1 2 3 99Human and animal injuries due to falling into a hole

1 2 3 99

Fauna 1 2 3 99Wild and endangered animals 1 2 3 99Pastureland 1 2 3 99Forest 1 2 3 99Vibration, noise 1 2 3 99River bed 1 2 3 99River water pollution 1 2 3 99Waste from mines 1 2 3 99Use of chemicals 1 2 3 99Phytogenetics 1 2 3 99Several crossroads 1 2 3 99Transportationtraffic 1 2 3 99Impact area 1 2 3 99Health of human and livestock 1 2 3 99Lighting 1 2 3 99Seasonal nomading 1 2 3 99Winter and spring quarters land 1 2 3 99Hayland 1 2 3 99Farmland,cropfield 1 2 3 99Compressing the pastureland 1 2 3 99Other 1 2 3 99

16. In the above-mentioned cases, whom did you approach? 1. Governor of bagh2. Specialized inspection agency of aimag 3. Governor of soum, members of CRH 4. State environmental inspector 5. Ranger6. Leader/member of forest partnership 7. CSO, NGO (please name) ................................................................8. Mining enterprises 9. Police 10. Parliament member of electoral district 11. Useless to approach 12. Haven’t approached, yet 13. Didn’t know whom to approach

41


17. What measures have been taken by the above-mentioned organizations and/orofficials?.....................................................................................................................

18. What is your and the local citizens experience in protecting the environment?

1. As member of forest, environmental protection partnership and/or pastureland user group

2. As active ranger/preservationist 3. Fencing the springs and fountains 4. Banishing the hunt, berries and nuts poachers, report them to the

local administration 5. Fighting against illegal logging6. Protesting illegal mining operations on location 7. Establishing NGO and CSO with the aim to advocate the local

citizens regarding environmental protection and ecology 8. Establishing partnerships and groups to protect the forest and

environment and collaborate with the Governor under agreement 9. Observing and informing about any negative impacts caused to the

forest and environmental resources 10. Other (specify) ............................................................................... ?

19. Who support you the most of your will and initiation to protect the environment?

1. Local herders and local citizens 2. Local NGO and CSO 3. Local forest partnerships 4. Collaborating IO, projects and programs5. Governor, PRH of soum and bagh6. Vocational organizations /SEI etc./7. Mining company 8. None

20. Do you have CSO and NGO representing the local citizens and herder in your area?

1. Forest partnership2. Herders group, pastureland user group 3. Woman’s NGO 4. Fisher’s club NGO 5. Eco club 6. NGO (specify) .............................................................................?7. Other (specify) …………………………........................................?

21. Did the mining company and/or local administration negotiated with you regarding following matters?

Often Few times Never Don’t knowResettlement 1 2 3 99Compensation 1 2 3 99Before the mining 1 2 3 99

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Before license issuance 1 2 3 99After license issuance 1 2 3 99Livelihood and lifestyles of local citizens and herders 1 2 3 99

Mining plan and report 1 2 3 99Public participation and monitoring on mining 1 2 3 99

22. Who arranges the above activities? Mining company or local administration?

1. Local administration2. Mining company 3. CSO, citizen’s movement, and/or NGO 4. Don’t know

23. How many times discussions and presentations are organized including local citizens in a year?

1. Weekly 2. Once or twice a month 3. Once a quarter4. Once in a half year 5. Once a year6. Don’t know

24. In what ways do mining companies cooperate with local citizens and herders?

1. Invite to conferences 2. Visit households to give information 3. Make resolutions considering your claims4. Receive written claims and complaints 5. Often engages us in its activities 6. Show and inform about the environmental impact assessment and

rehabilitation process 7. Other (specify)..................................................................................?

25. What does ensuring public participation in mining related decision making mean? .....................................................................................................................

26. Have you attended any conferences, meetings and trainings in connection to considering local citizens’ voices and cooperation in mining related issues?

1. Once 2. Twice3. 3 times 4. 4 times5. More than 5 times 6. Never 7. Have not been informed about meetings and trainings

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27. Is training related to citizen’s participation in mining related decision-making useful?

Very useful Useful Useless Don’t know4 3 2 1

28. Do you use your awareness? If not, what is your main obstacle? ...............................................................................................................................

29. How actively do you get involved in trainings and meetings concerning public participation in mining related decision making?

1. Very active2. Active3. Involved if available4. Too busy to get involved 5. Can’t tell now

30. What information do you need concerning public participation in mining related decision making? What would you want it to be undertaken? .....................................................................................................................

31. What sources should be used to deliver information to you to keep information of mining operations open and transparent?

1. postinginformationonbulletinboardofGOofsoumandbaghoffice2. informing and updating via websites 3. posting on bulletin board and uploading on websites, the minutes of

meeting from meetings among mining company, local administration, local citizens and herders

4. Information, hearings, speeches from mining company, bagh, soum and CRH on regular basis

5. Organizing open door events on mining activities from three parties 6. Transparent information by mining company, soum and bagh

concerning local citizens’ claims and complaints regarding mining and its settlement (via local TV, bulletin board etc.)

7. Delivering meeting appointment to local citizens, openly inform about the meeting

8. Hold meetings in local citizens’ and herders’ home and/or workplace 9. Other (specify) ..................................................................................

32. What is your suggestion related to ensuring participation of local citizens, CSO and NGO in mining activities and decision making? ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

33. In what mining processes have you been involved? 1. Attended meeting and discussion to acquire opinions from local

citizens and herders in connection to commencing mining operations 2. Attended meeting and discussion that introduces the local citizens

and local areas which might be positively and negatively affected by mining operations and its commencement

44


3. Attended meeting that reported about activities undertaken in connection to rehabilitation and reducing negative affects during mining operations

4. Participated in a training promoting law on environmental impact assessment, and regulations on ensuring public participation

5. Participated at and expressed opinion in meeting and discussion related to determining environmental impact of mining with public participation

6. Attended meeting and discussion that introduced environmental protection plan by mining company to local citizens

7. Attended meeting and discussions concerning compensation and resettlement of local citizens and herders who have been affected

8. Attended meeting and discussions that introduces execution of EMP to public

9. Reported the environmental impacts caused by mining to the relevant authorities according to the laws and regulations

10. Have not participated in any of the above-mentioned activities 11. Don’t know because have not received information about meeting

and discussions

34. Have you approached mining company and/or officials regardingmining?

Often Sometimes Few times Never Don’t

know

Reports about mining impacts on human, livestock and environment to mining company, governors of soum and bagh

1 2 3 4 99

Approached CSO and NGO to have my rights protected in connection to mining impacts on winter and springs quarters land, pastureland and/or water

1 2 3 4 99

Approached court to have my rights protected in connection to mining impacts on winter and springs quarters land, pastureland and/or water

1 2 3 4 99

Submitted claims to mining company, local management and specialists concerning compensation and resettlement matters

1 2 3 4 99

Submitted claims to mining company, local administration and specialists regarding compensation and resettlement, and had the issues resolved

1 2 3 4 99

Attended meeting and discussion that presented the EMP

1 2 3 4 99

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Attended and engaged in evaluation and determining the impact for DEIA

1 2 3 4 99

Approached and collaborated with mining company, local management and NGO regarding disputes and failures of license, FS and DEIA

1 2 3 4 99

Thank you for participating in the survey.

Green Focus Facilitator NGO’s consulting team conducts this KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) survey under “Strengthening public participation in mining investment planning to ensure the health of people, livestock and the environment of Mongolia” project together with the World Wildlife Fund with the aim to determine the local citizens’ and herder’s participation of Batshireet and Binder soums in mining related decision-making. Your responses will contribute in developing impact program of ensuring public participation in mining processes. No true or false questions. Choose and mark the response option that best represents your opinion.

Ас01 Age….................................................................. Code Sector

Ас01 Position, employed years .....................................................................

Code Sector

Ас03 Residing local area Code SectorBukhmurun soum 1Name of Bagh 2

DETAILED QUESTIONNAIRE

INDICATORS

Does your work and position get involved with mining, environment and public participation?

CodeYes 01No 02

1a. If yes, what matters are you responsible for pursuant to duties given under the laws? .....................................................................................................................

2.QUESTIONNAIRE (LOCAL

ADMINISTRATION AND SPECIALISTS)

46


How do you respond to mining operations? Code

Support responsible mining 01Do not support mining, in general 02Completely against mining operations 03Don’t know 99

How well do you know about mining operations in your local area? Code

Well 01In general 02Haven’t heard generally 03Haven’t heard at all 04Don’t know 99

What sources do you receive information regarding mining operations in your local area? /Please, mention no more than 3 options that represent your answer the most/

CodeMining company 01Soumandlocalofficialsandofficersrelated/SEIetc./ 02Local citizens’ claims and complaints 03Television 04Newspaper 05Social media 06Printed materials 07Leader/member of partnership 08Herders 09Civil movement, NGO 10Don’t know 99

Do you have experience in implementing cooperation, initiation and stakeholders’ participation in mining processes and decision making?

CodeWell experienced 01Have been engaged in this type of activities 02Not experienced 03Don’t know 99

What would you recommend with respect to ensuring public participation in mining related decision making?.....................................................................................................................

47


Is it available for public to get any information they need regarding mining and environment in the local area?

CodeFully available 01Generally available 02Averagely available 03Insufficient 04Don’t know 99

How much do local citizens and herders voluntarily initiate actions to protect the environment, environment protection with participation, and representing the local citizens?

CodeForest partnerships protects the forest fund 01Volunteering ranger reports of violations regarding poachers and illegal logging

02

Herders’ groups and partnerships 03Insufficient 04Don’t know 99

In your opinion, what is the most appropriate ways to communicate with local citizens and herders regarding mining?

CodeCRH hural 01Committee meeting of Governor of soum 02Bagh hural 03Tour countryside and visit households in person 04Other:......................................................................Don’t know 99

What issues do local citizens and herders recommend related to mining and environment?

CodeIllegal mining operations 01Critical environmental issues 02Opposition to commencement of a mine 03Compensation, site land release 04Encroached the rights to own and possess 05Want to receive information regarding mining issues 06Want to receive information regarding laws and regulations on mining

07

Issues related to approaching CSO, NGO, and/or advocate 08Other (specify) .......................................................................?Don’t know 99

Who is the key monitoring body on production of natural resources at your local area?

48


CodeLocal administration 01Local citizens 02CSO and NGO 03Government 04Private entities contracted with the government 05OtherDon’t know 99

How reliable do the below mentioned parties speaks about the mining sector?

Stakeholders Very reliable

Kind of reliable

Kind of unreliable Unreliable Don’t

know

Government 1 2 3 4 99Local administration of aimag 1 2 3 4 99

Local administration of soum 1 2 3 4 99

Expert of related affairs 1 2 3 4 99Mining company Local administration of bagh 1 2 3 4 99

Media 1 2 3 4 99Well-known local citizens 1 2 3 4 99Member of forest and herders’ group 1 2 3 4 99

Herders’ group 1 2 3 4 99Fishing Club 1 2 3 4 99Eco Club 1 2 3 4 99Local citizens of impact area 1 2 3 4 99

Research institutes 1 2 3 4 99Women’s NGO 1 2 3 4 99

Do you support or oppose participation of domestic mining companies in the Mongolian mining sector?

CodeHighly support 01Kind of support 02Kind of oppose 03Oppose 04Don’t know 99

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Do you support or oppose of adopting a new law which regulates the participations of local citizens and local administration?

CodeHighly support 01Kind of support 02Kind of oppose 03Oppose 04Don’t know/not responded 99

What do you think the mining companies should do in order to develop mining?

First choice

Second choice

Create work places for Mongolian citizens 01 01

Make joint decisions based on ensuring public participation, listening to people’s voices, and their initiations

02 02

Invest in social infrastructure (schools, hospitals etc.) 03 03

Collaboration among 3, 4 parties 04 04

Develop responsible mining 05 05

Protect the environment 06 06

Procurement of domestic product and services 07 07

Increase the incomes and resources payments 08 08

Other 09 09

Don’t know 99 99

Do you have positive or negative thinking about mining companies? Code

Very positive 01Kind of positive 02Kind of negative 03Very negative 04

Do you have positive or negative thinking about other mining companies with mining licenses in your local area?

CodeVery positive 01Kind of positive 02Kind of negative 03Very negative 04Don’t know 99

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Do you agree with the fact that mining companies do not consider the thoughts and needs of local citizens and herders?

CodeCompletely agree 01Kind of agree 02Kind of disagree 03Completely disagree 04Don’t know 99

Do you agree with the fact that mining companies do not cooperate with local administration and specialists?

CodeCompletely agree 01Kind of agree 02Kind of disagree 03Completely disagree 04Don’t know 99

What is your key source of information? (Please choose only one option)Code

Television 01Radio 02Newspaper 03Internet 04Social media, such as Facebook, Twitter etc. 05Other 06Don’t know 99

How would you rate the accuracy and transparency of information provided by mining companies? (Please choose only one option)

CodeConsider particular information is entirely accurate 01Consider particular information is generally accurate 02Consider particular information is generally false 03Consider particular information is entirely false 04Don’t know 99

“Ensuring public participation in mining related decision making” project is about to commence. What do you expect from this project?.....................................................................................................................

What do you expect from this project in terms of cooperating with you in connection to ensuring public participation in the local area?.....................................................................................................................

51


Green Focus Facilitator NGO’s consulting team conducts this KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) survey under “Strengthening public participation in mining investment planning to ensure the health of people, livestock and the environment of Mongolia” project together with the World Wildlife Fund with the aim to determine the stakeholders’ participation in mining related decision making. Your responses will contribute in developing impact program of ensuring citizen’s participation in mining. No true or false questions. Choose and mark the response option that best represents your opinion.

Monitoring use onlyCode Survey taken on

Operating soum YearOperating bagh MonthRespondent’s contact Day

I. GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Age [.................................]2. Sex 1. Female 2. Male 3. Education 1. University or higher 2. College 3. Upper secondary 4. Lower Secondary 5. Company name: ................................................6. Position in the company: .................................................................7. How long is your company operating in this area? ..........................8. Under which license is your company operating?

1. Exploration License2. Mining License

9. How far the local citizens and herders are located from exploration/mining licensed area of your company? ....................................................

10. Any risks and impacts occurred to health of human and/or livestock, and to the environment due to your mining operations?

1. Yes, risks are occurring 2. Yes, but only few 3. No risks occurred 4. Not sure

11. Does your company have public relation’s department, unit and/or specialist? 1. Public relation’s department or unit 2.Publicrelation’sofficer 3. None

3.QUESTIONNAIRE

(MINING COMPANY)

52


10. Does your company have a cooperation agreement with local administration, local citizens and/or herders? 1. Yes 2. No

11. If yes, please inform about the execution and outcomes of the cooperation agreement?

Response When did the agreement was signed?Who proposed to make agreement? Who are the parties in this agreement?The main issues contemplated by this agreement?Is the agreement regularly evaluated and discussed?Howwelldoesthecompanyfulfillitsdutiesunder this agreement?From all the issues stated in the agreement, what issues are not realized

12. If there is no cooperation agreement made, please, explain why? .....................................................................................................................

2. STAKEHOLDERS’ PARTICIPATION IN MINING PROCESSES

13.Whoarethefirstpersontocooperateinthelocalarea?1. Governor of soum2. Governor of bagh 3. State environmental inspector 4. Ranger 5. Local citizens and herders of impact area 6. Leader and/or members of partnership7. Local citizens and herders7. Specialized inspector of aimag 8. Other (specify)..............................................................................?

14. Organized any meetings and discussions to introduce the mining activities in the local area?

1. Once or twice in a year 2. Every quarter or month 3. Make presentations at a bagh hural 4. Introduces its activities by visiting the herders’ households 5. Has not organized any meetings and discussions 6. Other..............................................................................................

15. What information do local citizens request about mining? How do you reply and what information do you deliver them?

Information that local citizens request from

company

Claims that local citizens send to

company

Responses from company mine according to the requests and

claims

53


16. Does your company, operating in this local area, have experience in engaging local citizens in the following activities?

Yes, once or twice

Few cases No Considers

unnecessaryPresentation of mining operation commencement 1 2 3 4

Mining operations’ impacts on local citizens, pastureland and natural resources

1 2 3 4

EMP and its report 1 2 3 4DEIA 1 2 3 4Mining operations 1 2 3 4Reducing negative impacts, and rehabilitation activities 1 2 3 4

Resettlement 1 2 3 4Compensation 1 2 3 4Resolving the claims from local citizens 1 2 3 4

Activity plan and its introduction regarding cooperation with local citizens and herders

1 2 3 4

17. How well do you know about ensuring equal participation of stakeholders in mining operations, particularly, laws, regulations and orders on ensuring public participation?

1. Well aware2. Generally aware3. Not much aware4. Unaware

18. Furthermore, what do you think about ensuring equal participation of parties in mining activities? .....................................................................................................................

19. What is the company going to initiate concerning ensuring equal participation of parties in mining activities?.....................................................................................................................

20. What do you see, what are the ways to ensure equal participation of local citizens and herders in mining activities, and cooperate with them? .......................................................................................................................

21.Whatare thedifficulties in conductingminingoperations in licensedlocal areas? .....................................................................................................................

Thank you for participating in the survey.

Documents

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES SURVEY REPORT