Knowledge Discovery in the Digital LibraryAccess tools for mining science

ICSTI Public WorkshopPresented by:

Bernard Dumouchel, Director-General

February 3, 2006

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Overview

• Knowledge Discovery– Linked-Literature Analysis– Main Path Analysis

• Digital Libraries

• Integrating access into research

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Knowledge Discovery

The process of transforming data into previously unknown or unsuspected relationships.

(Trybula 1997)

• Process for discovering and extracting new information:– Statistics– Pattern recognition– Machine learning– Visualization

• Goal of knowledge discovery is to identify higher-level, more abstract relationships between texts.

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Knowledge Discovery

• Computationally intensive

• Augments human expertise:– Interactive, mental process

Data MiningKnowledge Discovery

Measure Discrete quantities Relationships

Expression Probabilities Interpretations

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Linked Literature Analysis

• Don Swanson– Specialization Balkanization of science

– “Undiscovered Public Knowledge”

– Transitory links between disjoint concepts» A ∩ C = Null» A B C

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Fish Oils

Arginine

Linked Literature Analysis

Raynaud’sDisease Blood Viscosity

MagnesiumCalcium

Somatomedin CHGH

Migraine

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Linked Literature Analysis

• ARROWSMITH– Neil Smalheiser, MD, PhD– Interactive software that extends the power of the

MEDLINE search– http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/arrowsmith_uic/index.html

• CISTI Research to generalize Linked Literature Analysis to other scientific domains

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Main Path Analysis

• A type of social network analysis

• Citation = formal record of intellectual link

• Citation network is a social network of science

• Study of webs of relationships between seemingly disorganized items

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Main Path Analysis

• Norman Hummon & Patrick Doreian (1989)

• Sequence of articles that best represent the development of a research field

• Condenses web of relationships into a concise pathway

10 Time

Main Path Analysis

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Knowledge Discovery

• Analyze relationships, interpret structure of science

• Information is plentiful, knowing how it fits together is knowledge

• Main Path Analysis, Linked Literature Analysis uncover meaningful relationships which suggest new knowledge

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Roles of the Digital Library

• Institutional repositories

• Preservation of research data

• Systems that make information useful

Digital libraries are systems that make digital collections come alive, that make them usefully accessible, and that make them useful for accomplishing work.

(Lynch, 2002)

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Access for e-science

• Access makes research easier

• Access tools with analysis make research faster, more powerful

• Digital Library’s challenge: develop and offer tools where research and access can be combined

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Summary

• Seamless access not just about convenience

• Knowledge Discovery tools enables e-science to be a more integral part of research

• Research libraries are the labs that make information useful

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