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BpeM9\ BOB/ieHb TexcT b o p 6 MTy CMHTaXCMCa.

Be3 o6pameHMfl x TexcTy He o B x o a m tc a ormcaHMe #3biKa xy/joj/c6CTBeHH0M / iMTeparypbi m ctmjimctmka. Tax, MCC/ieflOBaHkie, HanpMMep, B.B. BkiHorpaflOBbiM c tm jia

xyflo>xecTBeHHoro npoM3BeAeHMfl cxB03b npn3My o6pa3a aBTopa onpefle/iki/io o6pameHMe x y3X0My mjim LUkipoxoMy x o h te x c T y (c[}parM eHTy TexcTa), Bbifle/iaeM O M y ropn30HTa/ibHO mjim BepTkixanbHO, x ue/iOMy TexcTy mjim ero OTflenbHbiM xaTeropi/mM - noBecTBOBaHMX), Akia/iory m AP- I/I 3 t o no3BO/in/io B.B. BkiHorpaflOBy nocTaBMTb psiA Ba>xHeMLunx MCcneAOBaTenbcxkix 3aflaH. npMBeAeM /imub o a h o M3 no/io>xeHMM yHeHoro: «B «o6pa3e aBTopa», b ero peneBOM CTpyxType o6'beAkiHflX)TCfl Bee xanecTBa m

OCOBeHHOCTM CTM/l9\ XyflOXeCTBeHHOTO npOM3BeAeHM51: pacnpefleneHMe CBeTa m jeniA npn noMOLUM Bbipa3MTe/ibHbix peneBbix cpeflCTB, nepexoflbi o t oflHoro ctm jia M3Jio>xeHMfl x ApyroMy, nepe/iMBbi m coHeTaHMfl cjiOBecHbix xpacox, xapaxTep oueHOx, Bbipa>xaeMbix nocpeACTBOM noASopa m

CMeHbi c/ioB m cf>pa3, CBoeo6pa3Mfl CMHTaxcMHecxoro ABM>xeHM5i. Tax OTxpbiBaeTca caMbiki rjiyBoxMki n/iacT b

CTn/incTMHecKOM ncc/ieflOBaHnn xyflo>xecTBeHHOn /inTepaTypbi» [BnHorpaflOB 1971, c. 181-182].

l/lcc/ieflOBai-me TexcroB xyfloxecTBeHHon jii/rrepaTypbi cbirpa/io c|DyHflaMeHTa/ibHyK) po/ib b craHOB/ieHHH Teopnn TeKCTa, b conpa>xeHnn nên c[}n/io/iornn n pnTopnxn n npoflBn>KeHnn nx b Teopnx) TeKCTa. Tax, b nporpaMMe ncc/ieflOBaHi/m no3THHecxoro fl3bixa, o 6 o c h o b 3 h h o h r . O .

BnHOKypoM b CTaTbe 1946 r., KOHeHHon ue/ibK) n3yneHv\t\ n o a T n H e c K o ro fl3b ixa no TexcTOBbiM M a T e p n a /ia M o6o3HaHeHa «/inHHOCTb xyflo>KHHKa, e ro nflenHbin n xyflo>KecTBeHHbm 3aMbice/i, no3Tnxa npon3BefleHi/m n/in co6paHi/m npon3BefleHnn» [Bi/moxyp 1991, c. 61].

MeTOflo/ion/m /inHrBono3THHecKnx n CTn/incTHHecKnx nccneflOBaHnn, pa3pa6oTaHHaa B.B. BnHorpaflOBbiM n r.O. BnHOKypoM, peann30BaHa i/imh b KOHxpeTHOM aHa/in3e He To/ibxo TexcTOBbix c|}parMeHTOB, ho n ue/ibix TexcTOB, HanpnMep, noBecrn A.C. riyLuxnHa «l"lnKOBafl flaMa» (B.B. BnHorpaflOBbiM) n Tpare^nn A.C. nyujxnHa « 5opnc roflyHOB» (r.O. BnHOKypoM).

Oco6aa po/ib b cx/iaflbiBaHnn nnHrBncTHHecxoro yHeHi/m o TexcTe npnHafl/ie>xnT crnjincmKe. l/lMexrrcn b Bnfly Taxne ee pa3fle /ib i, xax CTn/incTnxa penn (b noHMMaHMM B.B . Bn Hor p a f l OBa ) , o p r a H n 3aunf l BbiCKa3biBaHi/m. Tax, Heujcxnn c[}n/io/ior B. Cxa/inHxa yTBep>xfla/i, hto Bbicxa3biBaHne MO>xeT 6biTb npeflcraB/ieHO oflHUM, flByM9\ n/in Hecxo/ibKHMn npeflno>xeHn^Mn, a Tax>xe, HanpnMep, Bbicryn/ieHneM, Jiexunen, nncbMOM, poMaHOM [Skalicka 1960, s. 241].

CnTyaui/m o6i±ie/iMHrBMCTMyecKasi. OHa CBA3aHa c Heo6xoflHMOCTbK) onpeênnTb MecTO TexcTa b cncreMe 5i3bixoBbix nsnenm. B nepBon no/iOBHHe XX b. 3to qqe/ia/i Jl.B. LI4ep6a. B CTaTbe « 0 tpoakom acnexTe A3biKOBbix

flBJieHMM n 06 3KcnepnMeHTe b fl3biK03HaHnn» U4ep6a OTBe/i TeKCTaM, Ha nepBbin B3r/iflfl, c/iy>Ke6HyK) po/ib, OTO>KflecTBMB MX C SBblKOBblM MaTepMa/lOM, Cyil HOCTb KOTOpOrO COCTOMT B TOM, HTO M3 Hei"0 «MOryT BblBOflMTbCfl» «BCe A3blKOBbie Be/iMHMHbi, c KOTopbiMM Mbi onepMpyeM B CÔBape M rpaMMaTMKe» [LI4ep6a 1974, c. 26]. OflHaxo peiueHMe yneHoro Bno/iHe npaBOMepHo: b HeM cjDnxcnpyeTCfl CTaTyc TeKCTa KaK MCXOflHOM pea/lbHOCTM JinHrBnCTMHeCKMX MCC/ieflOBaHMM. TeKCTbi, no J l.B . U4ep6e, - 3 to «C0B0KynH0CTb Bcero roBopMMoro m noHMMaeMoro b onpefle/ieHHOM xoHxpeTHon o6cTaHOBKe b Ty mjim flpyryio anoxy >km3hm flaHHon o6mecTBeHHon rpynnbi» [U4ep6a 1974, c. 26]. Ba>KHbi m xapaxTepMCTMKM TexcroB m npMHUMnoB mx ncc/ieflOBaHna: TexcTbi cyTb m npoueccbi m MaTepMa/i (paccMaTpMBaKDTca xax npoueccHO-npeflMeTHoe eflMHCTBo); flBe CTopoHbi TeKcra - roBopeHMe m noHMMaHMe, - Bonpexn TpaflMUMM, BblflBMraBLUeM B UeHTp BHMMaHM51 roBopeHne, npM3HaK)TC51 OflMHaKOBO CymeCTBeHHbIMM /inn /imhtbmctmkm (cm.: «fl3biKOBOM MaiepMa/i BHe npoueccoB noHMMaHna 6yfleT MepTBbiM» [U4ep6a 1974, c. 26]); TexcTbi He MoryT 6biTb /lMiueHbi «o6cTaHOBKM» (npnHunnna/ibHafl mflea 06 n 3yh e h n n T e k c to b b eflMHCTBe co c p e ^ o n mx cymecTBOBaHM5i) [U4ep6a 1974, c. 26]; HaxoHeu Ha 06/iacTb TexcTOB p a c n p o c T p a H a e T C fl m n o / io x e H M e 0/lMHTBMCTMHeCKOM 3KCnepMMeHTe B 513blK03HaHMM.

Eme oflHa CMTyauMn, M3 06/iacTM odyveHMfi pyccKOMy n3biKy. 1/1 .A. OnrypoBCxnn, b ue/iax coBepweHCTBOBaHMfl pa6oTbi no pa3BMTMK) penn yHamnxcfl, npoaHa/iM3MpoBa/i OTHOLLieHM51 Me>Kfly 3aKOHHeHHblMM npefl/lOKeHMflMM B UenOM TexcTe. Mm Bbifle/ieHbi m onncaHbi TMnbi 3tmx OTHOweHnn: oflHopoflHbie m HeoflHopoflHbie, BbmB/ieHbi cpeflCTBa cbsbm - CMHTaKCMHeCKMe M HeCMHTaKCMHeCKMe. Ha 3TOM OCHOBeMCcneflOBaTenb npniue/i k BbiBOfly 0 tom, hto npefl/ioxeHna

oOteflm-rnKDTCfl b KOMnoHeHTbi, a noc/ie^Hne - b ue/ibin TeKCT.

Py6e>KHoe 3HaneHne b CK/iaflbiBaHnn Teopnn TeKCTa b OTeHecTBeHHon Hayxe cbirpa/in ncc/ieflOBaHHfl H.C. nocne/iOBa, npoBeaeHHbie b 40 — 50-e roflbi XX b. n npeflCTaBJieHHbie b unK/ie CTaTen n MOHorpacjDnn «CnHTaKcnHecKnn crpon CTnxoTBopHbix npon3BefleHnn A.C. nyiuKnHa» (M., 1960). B 3apy6e>KHon /inHrBncTnKe b 3to BpeM9\ pa3BnBaK)TC5i nflen «coflpy>KecTBa npefl/io>KeHHfl» (K. Boocr), flncxypca (3. Xappnc), BbiCKa3biBaHnfl (B. CKa/wHKa) n nofl.

H.C. riocne/iOB, ncc/ie^ya CHHTaKcnnecKHn crpon no3Mbi ny iuK nH a «M eflH b in Bca(qHnK» n f lp y rn x crnxoTBopHbix npon3BefleHnn noaTa, BbiflBnHy/i Te3nc o tom, hto «flencTBnTenbHon» cnHTaKcnnecKon e^nHnuen CBfl3Hon MOHO/iornHecKon penn flB/iaeTCfl He npefl/io>KeHne, a cno>KHoe CHHTaKCHHecKoe ue/ioe (CCI4). CCI4 n npn n3"bflTnn n3 TeKCTa co x p a H a e T cbokd cnH TaK cnnecK yK ) caMOCTO^Te/ibHOCTb, 3aMKHyTOCTb CTpyKTypbi n Bbipa>xaeT 3akohhehhyK ) mbicnb [llo c n e /iO B 1990 , c. 1 1 7 ]. H ccjie flO BaTe/ieM ycTaHOB/ieHbi npn3HaKn C C U : npepbiBHCTOCTb nx crpoeHna n pa3HopoflHOCTb nx cocraBa. npnMeHnTe/ibHO k CCI4 BbiflBHHyT Te3nc 0 tom, hto oho npeflCTaBJiaeT co6on 3aKOHHeHHyio komMyHnxaTnBHyK)eflHHHuy.

Mcc/ieflOBaHna H.C. nocne/iOBa, npoBeaeHHbie b pyc/ie cnHTaxcnca, b cymHOcrn, cnHTaxcnc nepeiuarHy/in: ohh cjDaKTnnecKn flOKa3a/in, hto b TeKCTe ecTb hchto «CBepxnpefl/io>KeHHecKoe» (= CBepxc|)pa30Boe). nosTOMy TeopeTnnecKne pe3y/ibTa™, no/iyneHHbie H.C. nocne/iOBbiM, bo MHoroM onpefle/in/in noHnMaHne TeKCTa n MHorne n3

HanpaB/ieHi/M era i/icc/ieflOBam/m TexcTa b 60 — 70-e roflbi XX B.

flp y rn e ryMaHMrapHbie Hay km. B paccMaTpi/maeMbiM

nepnofl TexcT 6 bm (n ocraeTca b Hacroflinee BpeM5i ) b « 6/in>xHeM x p y re » MHTepecoB ryMaHHTapHbix Hayx - He

To/ibxo xax cjDopMa penpe3eHTaunn ryMaHHTapHOHayHHora

3H3HiA5\, ho - n xax o b te x T (He npeflMeT!) ncc/ieflOBaHHfl.

npM3HaeTC5l, HTO B03HHXH0 BeHHe (n pa3BHTne) Teop nn

T e x c T a bo m h o t o m CTnM y/inpoBaH O ryM a H nTa p H biM n

HayxaMn. B ryMaHnTapHbix Hayxax Bbifle/iaeTCfl Hecxo/ibxo

HanpaBneHnn ncc/ieflOBaHHfl TexcTa, a Tax>xe no/io>xeHHH n

nflen, Ba>xHbix / craHOB/ieHna Teopnn TexcTa. npnBefleM

Ba>xHeniune cjDaxTbi Taxoro poâ.

I ~ l p e > x f l e B c e r o 3 t o n ^ e n n n o j i o > x e H n f l

c[}n/iococt}cxo-ct}n/io/iornHecxoro TO /ixa, ccjDopMy/inpoBaHHbie

M .M . BaxTM Hb/M b era c o H H H eH n ax . no B a x T n H y , TexcT

f l B / i a e T C f l n e p B n H H o n a a H H O C T b X )

r y M a H n T a p H O - c | D n j i o c o c | ) c x o r o Mbiu j j i e H n a , o h T a

HenocpeflCTBeHHa^ flencTBHTe/ibHOCTb, n3 x o ra p o n To /ibxo n

MoryT ncxoflnTb 3Tn flncunrm nHbi n 3to M biiu/ieHne.

TexcT b era OTHOiueHnn x cncTeMe si3bixa n cyOtexTaM (B b ic xa 3 b iB aH n e ), B b icxa3biB aH ne x a x e ^ n H n u a p e n e B o ro

oO ineHna, nopo>xfleHne Bbicxa3biBaHHfl, era flna/iornHHOCTb

- bot MnHnMyM BonpocoB o cymHOCTH TexcTa.

«OTHOiueHnx) Bbicxa3biBaHHfl x ca/wo/wy roBopm ueMy

(aBTopy Bbicxa3biBaHn5i) n x /jpyrMM ynacTHnxaM peneBoro o6m eH H fl» [BaxTnH 1 9 9 7 , c. 2 3 6 ] yneHbin npnâB a/i Ba>xHeniuee 3H aneH ne npn paccMOTpeHnn cymHOCTn Bbicxa3biBaHn5i xax pea/ibHon e^nHnubi peneBoro oOineHna b OT/innne o t e^nHnu si3bixa. flpyrne npn3Haxn Bbicxa3biBaHHfl- CMeHa peneBbix cyOtexTOB n 3aBepiueHHafl ue/iocTHOCTb

B b i c x a 3 b i B a H n 5 i , x o t o p a a o n p e f l e / i a e T C f l

npeflMeTHO-CMbic/ioBOM MCHepnaHHOCTbK), peHeBbiM 3aMbicnoM miki peneBOM BO/ieki roBopsmjero, TkinkinecKkiMki KOMno3MUMOHHO->KaHpoBbiMM c|)opMaMki 3aBepweHkm, - no cyTM fle /ia , c b o /ia tca k nepBOMy npki3HaKy (npn3Hai<y OTHOLUeHM5l) KaK BHeillHklM kl BHyTpeHHMM ypOBHkl MexaHM3Ma ero ocymecTBneH v\$\.

PaccMOTpeHMe flkia/iora KaK Bcrpenki flByx cy6"beKTOB npeflno/iaraeT ki MeTOfl ero no3HaHkm - noHkiMaHkie. «noHMMaHne Bcerfla b KaKOM-TO Mepe flkia/iorkiHHO» [BaxTkiH 1997, c. 232].

M.M. BaXTMHbIM CC|DOpMy/lMpOBaH CneflyKDLl MM Te3nc: «Co6biTne >km3hm TeKCTa, to ecTb ero nofl/ikiHHaa cymHOCTb, Bcerfla pa3BkiBaeTca Ha py6e>Ke flByx co3HaHMM, flByx cy6"beKT o b» [BaxTkiH 1997, c. 229]. TeM caMbiM 6yqyinafl Teopi/m TeKCTa no/iyHki/ia KJitoneByK) npo6/ieMy - npo6/ieMy >KM3HM TeKCTa.

06paTMMC5R k repMeh/eBTMKe v\ ceMMOTMKe.

B npoiu/iOM repMeHeBTMKa cocpeflOTOHkma/ia CBoe BHMMaHkie Ha nepeBOfle (amnHHOCTb ki cpeflHkie BeKa) miki peKOHCTpyKUMM CMblCna (HaHMHa9\ C anOXM B03p0>KfleHkm) (O. LUjieMepMaxep, B. flki/ibTeki ki flp.), b XX b. - Ha flkia/iore (O. Po3eHi4Bekir, M.M. BaxTkiH ki <ap.), onpe fle /ifl/ia npMHUMribl, MeTOflbl kl TeXHklKkl klCTO/lKOBaHklfl CMblCJlOB. TeKCT Bcerfla , Hani/maa co CBflineHHoro rmcaHkm, npn3HaBa/iC5i o^hhm m3 Ba>KHeMLunx HOCMTeneM CMbic/ia (a b OTfle/ibHbie nepnoflbi - eflkiHCTBeHHbiM). repMeHeBTkiKOki pa3pa6oTaHbi ki cbom MOê/iki KOMMyHkiKaukiki. TaK, b MOê/iki r .r . lllneTa cymecTBeHHO npki3HaHkie Toro, hto «Coo6meHkie ecTb Ta ctmxmn C03HaHkm, b KOTopoki >KkiBeT ki flBkiweTca noHkiMaHkie» [lllneT 1990, c. 222]. CeMkiOTkiKki bo btopom noKO/ieHkiki (M.M. BaxTkiH, 5\. Myxap>KOBCKkiM, 3. BeHBeHkiCT, P. BapT ki flp.) opkieHTkipoBa/ikicb Ha kicc/ieflOBaHkie y>Ke He

OTfle/ibHoro 3HaKa (b A3bixe: cjiobo), a 3Ha koboh noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHOcm, n/in c/io>KHoro 3HaKa. 3to CBSBHbm Texcr, npon3BefleHHbin He TO/ibKO n3 sBbixoBbix 3HaxoB, ho n H3 3HaKOB Hefl3blKOBblX (TeKCTOM AB/lflKDTCfl H My3blKa/lbHbie npon3BefleHi/m, n xopeorpac|)HHecKne, n npon3BO/ieHi/m apxnTeKTypbi n flp.).

Tax OTKpbl B3 KDTCfl B03M0>KH0CTH HCCJieflOBaHIA5\ 5i3biKOBoro TexcTa - Kax cno>KHoro 3Haxa, b ero cs9\39\x n OTHOiueHi/mx c TexcTaMn b HennHrBncTHHecKOM CMbic/ie, B03Mo>khocti/i hcc/ief lobahn9\ ceMH03nca. fl/ia ceMnoTnHecKnx MOfle/ien oxa3biBaK)TCfl cjDyHflaMeHTa/ibHO 3HannMbiM cy>KfleHne P. BapTa n3 3aK/iK)HeHH5i k KHi/ire « 0 chobbi ceMno/iornn». BbiflBHraa Tpe6oBaHne oflHopoflHOCTn Kopnyca cjDaxTOB, yHeHbin b to >xe BpeM5i noAnepKMBaeT: «OflHaxo Ha npaxTHxe ncc/ieflOBaTe/ib nMeeT Ae/io co CMeiuaHHon cyBcraHunen... no3TOMy npnxoflHTca npnH5iTb cyiAecTBOBaHne reTeporeHHbix KopnycoB» [BapT 2000, c. 301-302].

1/lHTepeC K KOMMyHMKdLIMM KaK B3aHMOfleHCTBHKD cyOteKTa n oOteKTa (no coBpeMeHHbiM Bepci/mM: cyOtexTOB) conpoBO>KAaeT bckd hctophk) He/iOBeHecTBa: KOMMyHHxaui/m - b LunpoxoM CMbic/ie - cocraB/ifleT oflHy n3 ochob >KH3HeAe5iTe/ibHOCTn He/iOBexa. B XX b . 3tot HHTepec CTHMy/inpoBa/1 nosiBJieHHe nHc|)opMaTHKn. I/I 3th o6/iacrn 3HaHi/m He o6xoflflTCfl 6e3 noHsm/m TexcTa. OcMbic/ieHHe >xe TexcTa b pyc/ie /inHrBncTnxn, b cbokd onepeflb, ncnbiTbiBaeT B/ii/mHne yHeHi/m o KOMMyHnxaunn n nH(J)opMaTHKn. TaxoBa, HanpnMep, wnpoxo n3Becmafl MOfle/ib KOMMyHnxaunn n sBbiKOBbix c|}yHKUnn P. flxo6coHa (1960).

TeopMfl TeKCTa b 60-70 roflbi XX b . B 3tot nepnofl yneHne o TexcTe npno6peTaeT craTyc caMOCTOATe/ibHon /lHHrBncTMHecKon fln c u n n /in H b i. flpeo6 jia flaK )Luafl

npo6/ieM aTH K a, Ha3BaHne fln cu n n /in H b i o T e x c re b paM xax

p a 3 H b i x H a u n o H a / i b H b i x c |D n /io /io rn H e c K n x T p a a n u n n

pa3/inHaeTCfl. Cp.: JlnHrBncTnxa TexcTa (cnnTaeTCfl, h to o t

n. T a p T M a H a ), r p a M M a in x a T e x c T a , C T n /in cT n xa T e x c T a ,

repM eHeBTnxa TexcTa, Teo pn a TexcTa n flp .

T e x c T n p n B / i e x a e T B H n M a H n e 6 o /ib i iJ o r o n n c / i a

c n e u n a /in c T O B , e r o n 3 y n e H n x ) n o cB flin ax )T C fl Ha y HH b ie

KOHcjDepeHunn (H a n p n M e p : J ln H rB n cT n xa T excT a: M a T e p ,

H ayn . Kondp. M ., 1 9 7 4 ) n c 6 o p H n x n C T a ie n (H a n p n M e p :

H oB oe b 3apy6e>KHon jin H rB n cT n xe: J lnH rB ncTnxa TexcTa.

M ., 1 9 7 8 . Bbin. V I I I . CnHTaxcnc TexcTa. M ., 1 9 7 9 ), o63opbi

/inTepaTypbi (H anpnM ep: [VmixiAH 1 9 7 7 ]) .

VnasHan oco6eHHOCTb Teopnn TexcTa b 6 0 — 7 0 -e roflbi

cocTonT b to m , h to nMeHHO b 3 t o t n e p n o fl e e npe^MeTOM

n o c T e n e H H O craH O B n TC fl He c o n e T a H n e n p e fl/io > x e H n n

(c/io>KHoe cnHTaxcnHecKoe u e /io e , CBepxc|)pa30Boe eflnHCTBO

n f lp .) , a ue/ib in TexcT. l/l3MeHeHne npe^M eTa Teopnn TexcTa

n M e e T T e o p e T n x o - x o M M y H n x a T n B H o e oc H O B a H n e : T e xc T

npn3HaeTC5i cpeflCTBOM (e ^ n H n u e n , ocH O B on, c|DopMon n

t . f l . ) KOM M yHnxaunn. T axn M o 6 p a 3 0 M , n3 flB yx «r/iaB H b ix

rep o eB » Teopnn TexcTa: coneTaHnfl n p e /y io x e H n n n u e /io ro

T e x c T a - B T o p o n craHO BnTC si « r n a B H e e » n H a n n H a e T

p a c c M a T p n B a T b c ^ x a x n p e ^ M e T T e o p n n T e x c T a . 3 t o

n3M eHeHne OTpawaeTCfl b ncno/ib30B aH nn TepMnHa «TexcT»

f l/ ia o6o3H aneH n5i n u e /io ro T excT a , n e ro cjDpam eHTa, b

M H o r o o 6 p a 3 n n K O H x y p n p y x j i u n x T e p M n H O B : c /io>K H oe

c n H T a x c n n e c K o e u e / i o e ( c n H T a x c n n e c K o e u e / i o e ) ,

B bicxa3b iB aH ne, p e n e B o e n p o n 3 B e fle H n e , xoM M yH nxaT (b

neiucKon T p a ^ n u n n ).

OcHOBHbie f l0 CTn>xeHn^ 6 0 — 7 0 -x roflOB CBfl3aHbi c

n o n c x o M cym HOCTn T e xc T a - n p n 3 H a H n e M e ro M e c ra b

c n cT eM e n 3 b iK : p e ^ b (T e x c T - Bbicwaf l c n H T a x c n n e c x a ^

eflk iH nua), KBa/inc|DHKai4nen e ro KaK cnH TaxcnH ecxoro 3H axa,

y c T a H O B n e H n e M e r o n e p a p x H H e c x o n C T p y K T y p b i ,

paccM O TpeHneM b acn eK T ax n /ia H a c o fle p w a H n a n n /ia H a

BbipaweHna, cjDyHKunoHa/ibHOM, c no3nunn MOfle/inpoBaHna m flp .

B onpefle/ieHnn cyinHOcrn TeKcra n ero onncaHnn, no Ha6nK)fleHH5iM T.n. IHeflpoBnuxoro [IHeflpoBHUKnn 1974, c. 1 9 7 - 2 0 5 ] , CK/iaflbiBaeTC5i flBe nccjieflOBaTe/ibcxne nporpaM M bi. OflHa n3 h h x npeflCTaBJiaeT co6on pacnpocTpaHeHne TpaflnunoHHbix nflen n MeTOflOB / ih h tb h c th k h Ha OTpe3xn, 60/ibwne, neM npefl/ioxeHne; apyraa b h a h t b TeKCTe ocoOyio, caMOCTOflTe/ibHyio cymHOCTb, nopo>KflaeMyK) n cjDyHxunoHnpyioinyK) b

KOMMyHMKaunn n TpaHC/iflunn n onncbiBaeMyio Ha ocHOBe cs9\3ei/\ 513biK03HaHH5i c ceMnoTMKon, Jiornxon, Teopnen KOMMyHMKaunn, ncnxo/iornen, couno/iornen n apyrnMn ryMaHkiTapHbiMn HayxaMn. T.n. IHeflpoBnuKnn yTBepxâeT, h t o «BCsn<nn TexcT Bn/ieTeH b mHO>xecTBO pa3Hbix fle^Te/ibHOCTen n cymecTByeT KaK Texcr jinujb 6/iaroflapa TOMy, h t o o h nMeeT onpefleneHHbie cjDyHKunn b 3 t h x

fleflTe/ibHOCTflx» [IHeflpoBHUKnn 1974, c. 204].

0 6 e n p o rp a M M b i pea /in 3yiO T C fl b O TenecTB eH H on n

3 a p y 6 e > K H o n T e o p n n T e x c T a , h o c n p o 6 / i e M a M n

KOMMyHnxaTnBHOCTn TexcT a CBA3aHbi nH Tepecb i npe>Kfle

B cero 3apy6e>KHbix cn eu n a /in cT O B [H o B o e b 3apy6e>KHon

j i H H r B H C T H x e 1 9 7 8 ] . B H a i u e n C T p a H e OHa n o / i y n a e T

o 6 o c H O B a H n e n p a 3 B n T n e b p a 6 o T a x , H a n p n M e p , r.B. K o / i i u a H C K o r o n f l p y r n x n c c / i e f l O B a T e / i e n . T a x , r.B . K o / n u a H C x n n o t h o c h t T e x c T x p a 3 p a f l y A B / i e H n n

KOM M yHnxaunn n cooTBeTCTBeHHO 0 6 /iacTb ncc/ieflO BaHHfl

T e x c T a K B a / i n c | D n u n p y e T « x a x n o M e H b i u e n M e p e

norpaHMHHyK) 06/iacrb Me>xfly jinHrBncrnKon, jiornKon n ncnxo/iornen» [Ko/iwaHCKnn 1978, c. 126].

B OTeHecTBeHHOM Hayxe b 3t o t nepnofl BbiflBMHy/iacb npo6/ieMa eflnHnu TexcTa, KOTopaa CTnMy/inpoBa/ia MHoroacnexTHoe ncc/ieflOBaHne coHeTam/m npefl/io>xeHnn CBepxc[}pa30Boro eanHCTBa, - c/io>KHoro cnHTaxcnHecKoro u e /io ro , npo3anHecKOM CTpoc|Dbi, peneB oro Tuna (noBecTBOBaHM5i, onncaHi/m n paccy>xfleHi/m) n flp. H.fl. 3apy6nHa npmu/ia k BbiBOfly o t o m , h to npo6/ieMy eflMHnu TexcTa He/ib3fl CBOfli/iTb k noncxy o a h o m eflnHnubi [3apy6nHa 1979]. flpyraa Ba>KHa5i npo6/ieMa Teopnn TexcTa 3Toro BpeMeHM - npn3HaxM n CBoncTBa TexcTa. B xanecTBe on p e fle /iflK D iun x c p e ^n m ix no 6 o /ib ii je n nacTnKBa/lHC|DHI4HpyK)TCfl npM3HaKM CB513HOCTM 1/l/HJlH Ue/IOCTHOCTM (B. flpecc/iep, Kb. Ko>xeBHHKOBa, A.A. JleoHTbeB, T.M. HMKO/iaeBa, M. nc|)K)Tue, O.l/I. MocKa/ibcxas, r.fl. Co/ira h h k ,

KD.A. CopoxMH n flp.).

B 60 — 70-e ro flb i nponcxo fli/iT pacw npeH ne cjDaKTMHecKOM 6a3bi MCC/ieflOBaHMM TexcTa: BbinojiHflxrrcfl pa6oTbi no MaTepna/iaM He To/ibxo xyflo>xecTBeHHbix TeKCTOB, HO M yCTHbIX M pa3rOBOpHblX, MOHOJIOrMHeCKMX M flna/iornHecKnx, ny6jinuncTHHecKnx n fle/iOBbix n flp. B cs9\3v\ c 3t m m o6ocrpfleTCfl npo6/ieMa cyiuHOCTM TexcTa n ero eflMHMu - B03HnxaeT CBoero poâ flaB/ieHne MaTepna/ia Ha eme He OKpenwyx) Teopnx).

MHoroo6pa3ne CK/iaflbiBaKDinnxca nyTen n3yHeHi/m TexcTa n cjDaKTMHecKoro MaTepna/ia aKTya/in3npoBa/io npo6/ieMy cncTeMaTH3aunn TexcTOB n x/iaccnc|DMxai4MM MaTepna/ia. 3Ta npo6/ieMa Haw/ia B/ii/mTe/ibHoe peweHne b CTaTbe K. Tay3eH6jia3a [Tay3eH6/ia3 1978]. A btop npofleMOHCTpnpoBa/1 3HaHMTe/ibHoe pa3Hoo6pa3ne c[}axTMHecxoro MaTepna/ia, no ero TepMMHOJiornn, peneBbix

npoM3BefleHm /i, a j ia H ero BO cnojib30Ba/icfl c/ieAyK)LAHMn

ocHOBaHkmMki: 1) npocTOTa / c/io>xHOCTb crpyxTypbi TexcTa

peneBbix npon3BeAeHnn (b 3aBncnMOcrn o t cooTHOweHkm

T excT a n C M b ic /ia ); 2 ) H e3aB n cn MOCTb / 3aBncnM OCTb

peneBbix npon3BeAeHnn (o t cnTyaunn); 3) HenpepbiBHOCTb /

npepbiBHOCTb peneBbix npon3BeAeHHki (b 3aBncnMOCTn o t

nop^flxa cneAOBaHM5i nx HacTen). Ba>xHO, h to K. ray3eH 6/ia3

yn en He To /ibxo co6cTBeHHO fl3bixoBon M aT ep n a /i, ho n

MaTepna/1, npeACTaBJiflX)LAHki co6oki CMeiuaHHbie ki fla>xe

He5i3bixoBbie Tkinbi MaHncjDecTaunn CMbic/ia.

1/lTax, 60 — 70-e roflbi - py6e>XHbin nepnoA b npouecce

c x / i a f l b i B a H k i f l y n e H n a o T e x c T e x a x 0 6 o6"bexTe j i k i Hr B k i CT k i x k i : t e x c t o c o 3 H a H ki x a x e f l k i H k i u a ,

c[}opMkipyK)LAa^ bbiclumm ypoBeHb A3bixa xax cncreM bi, ki

e f l k i H k i u a , n p n H a A / i e w a m a f l o 6 / i a c T k i p e n e B o n

xoMMyHkixaukiki; 3Ta «AByHanpaB/ieHHOCTb» TexcTa B/ieneT

H e o 6 x o f l M M O C T b n « c y r y 6 o » j i n H r B n c T n n e c x n x , n Me>xflkici4kirmkiHapHbix ki norpaHkiHHbix ncc/ieAOBaHnn e ro

xax o6"bexTa Hayxki. OflHaxo cx/iaflbiBaHkie Teopmi TexcTa -

3a fla n a xoHua XX b.

Teopkifl TeKCTa b 80-x roflax XX b . - Hana/ieX X I b . C o B p eM e H H b ik i n e p n o A k icc /ie flO B aH k m T e x c T a

OT/innaeTCfl TeM , hto TexcT xBa/inc|Dni4npyeTCfl, no c/iOBaM

T.A. 3o/iotobom, xax «Bbicujafl p e a n u t A3 b ixa» , a Hayxa o

TexcTe np eB pam aeTca, no o u eH xe Jl.A . HoBnxoBa, «b oaho

ki3 M am cTp a/ibH b ix H an paB /ieH nn M npoBon Hayxki o si3 bixe

XXI B .» .

nepkiOA Hana/ica bnxoaom b CBeT MOHorpac|Dnn no jikiHrBkiCTkinecxoki reopMM TexcTa. 3 to XHkira 1/1.P. Ta/ibnepkiHa «TexcT xax o6"bexT JikiHrBkiCTkinecxoro ncc/ieAOBaHkm» [Ta/ibnepnH 1981], b xoTopon TexcT npeAcra/i npeAMeTOM JikiHrBkiCTkixki TexcTa: «TexcT, - nmueT

HP. rajibnepnH, - 3to flaHHOCTb, nMetomasi CBon, npncymne

To/ibxo en napaMeTpbi n xaTeropnn» [ra/ibnepnH 1981, c.

1 3 5 ]. K H n c j i y T a x n x x a T e r o p n n OTHeceHb i

HHC[}OpMaTHBHOCTb, H/ieHUMOCTb, XOre3Hfl, KOHTHHyyM,

aBTOceMaHTH5i OTpe3 KOB TexcTa, peTpocnexuna n

npocnexuna, MOfla/ibHOCTb, nHTerpaunfl n 3aBepiueHHOCTb

TexcTa. 1/1 x paccMOTpeHne n cocTaBJiaeT ocHOBHoe

coflep>xaHne xhhi~h. Ab t opom flaHO c/ieflyx)Lnee

onpefle/ieHne TexcTa: « T e x cT - b to npoM 3Be/jeH ne

peveTBopyecKoro npouecca, odna/jatOLpee 3aBepLueHHOCTbK),

o 6 beKTMBMpOBdHHOe B BM/je IlMCbMeHHOr0 /JOKyMeHTa,

/iMreparypHO odpadoraHHoe b cootb6 tctbmm c tmiiom sro ro

AOKyMeHTa, npoM 3Be/jeHMe, c o c ro m p e e M3 Ha3BaHMa

(3aro/iOBKa) m p x f la ocodb/x e/jMHML4 (cBepxcppa30Bbix

e/JMHCTB), o6be/]MHeHHblX pa3Hb/MM TMFiaMM fieKCMVeCKOe,

rpaMMatmvecKOM, nom yecKOM , ctmjimctmyecxoM cbx3m,

MMetOLpee on pe /je / ieH H y to L ie / ieH anpaB /ieH H O C Tb m

nparMaTM vecKyfo ycraH O Bxy (xypcnB aBTopa. - A4 ".)»

[ra/ibnepnH 1981, c. 18].

3 t o onpefle/iei-me, BawHenwne no/iowem/m x h h th -

npe>xfle Bcero o Bnâx HHctDopMaunn b TexcTe

( c o f l e p > x a T e / i b H O - c | D a x T y a / i b H o n ,

c o f l e p > x a T e / i b H O - x o H u e n T y a / i b H o n ,

coflep>xaTenbHO-noflTexcTOBon), o flByx Tnnax H/ieHeHna

T e x c T a ( o 6 t e m h o - n p a r m a t n h e c x o m n

xoHTexcTHO-BapnamBHOM), o ero xaieropi/mx n npn3Haxax -

bo m h o t o m o6yc/iOBn/in coflep>xaHne n npob/ieMamxy

ncc/ieflOBam/m TexcTa Bn/iOTb flo Hacrofliuero BpeMem/i.

1/13 flpyrnx cjDaxTopoB, noB/ii/mBiunx Ha npoueccbi

cxnaf lb ib 3 hv\5\ T e o p n n TexcTa n ee p a 3 BnTne b

paccMaTpnBaeMbin nepnofl, Bbifle/iflxrrcfl HOBbie TeHêHunn

b pa3BnTnn Hayxn o A3bixe, xoTopbie oueHHBaxrrca xax

HOB351 HayMHa9\ napaflMTMa b 5i3biK03HaHMM. PeMb MfleT o

c/ieayKDLHMx TeHfleHUM5ix:

• CMCTeMOueHTpn3M Kax rocnoflCTByKDLnaa MeTOflo/iori/m 9\BHO nOTeCHeH aHTpOnOUeHTpMSMOM, BblflBMHyBLUMMCfl Ha maBHbie no3MUMM b HayKe (cm ., HanpMMep: [5l3biK m HayKa 1 9 9 5 ]) . OflHMM M3 np051BJieHMM 3TOrO npouecca flBMJIOCb ocMbicêHMe 5i3biKOBeflaMM HanpaB/ieHMfl flBM>KeHM5i HaweM HayKM OT J1MHTBMCTMKM A3blKa K JlMHTBMCTMKe 0 6 LljeHMfl [ropOfleUKMM 1 9 9 0 ], OT TeopMM TeKCTa K TeopMM flMCKypca [Ky6psiKOBa, A/ieKcaHflpoBa 1999 ];

• «paciuMpeHMe» rpaHMu npe^M eTa HayKM o si3biKe m

COOTBeTCTBeHHO rpaHMU JIMHTBMCTMKM 3a CHeT BCerO C|)pOHTa «5iB/ieHMM, b k o t o p n x n pMh m m aeT ynacTM e 513 blK» [3BerMHueB 1978 , c .1 3 0 ], m/im 3a CHeT pacwMpeHMfl cnMCKa «"pa3peiueHHbix k nocTaHOBKe" npo6/ieM» [OpyMKMHa 1996 ,

c. 6 0 ];

• B03HMKLUee B KOHUe 70 -X TOflOB B33MMOfleMCTBMe

J1MHTBMCTMKM C B03p0flMBUJeMCfl pMTOpMKOM (B 0 6 /lMKe

HeopMTOpMKM), B3>KHeMLUee MeCTO B KOTOpOM 33H9\H3

KOMMyHMKaTMBHa51 MOfle/lb C TeKCTOM KaK e e aKTMBHbIM

y n a c T H mkom m npM 3H 3H M eM TeKCTa KaK n p o rp a M M b i

noBefleHM5i, flesiTe/ibHOCTM m o6m eHM fl;

• yCMJlMBLUaflCfl «C[}M/10/10rM3aUM^» J1MHTBMCTMKM M

yK perm eH M e e e cs9\3ei/\ c ryMaHMTapHbiMM HayKaMM Ha

OCHOBe paCLUMpeHM51 M KaHeCTBeHHOrO M3MeHeHM51 06"beKT0 B

C|)MJ10/10rMHeCKMX HayK: He TO/lbKO TeKCT, HO M 5l3blK M hom o

loquens [HyBaKMH 1999 ].

TeKCT 3KTMBHO BOBJieK3eTC51 B CC|Depy MCC/ieflOBaHMfl

ue/ib iM cneK TpoM ryM aH M TapH bix HayK - c c m m o t m k o m ,

nparMaTMKOM, repMeHeBTMKOM, aH Tpono/iorM eM , TeopneM

fle^Te^bHOCTM M flp . CêflCTBMeM 3TOrO AB/lfleTCfl Cf)eHOMeH,

KB3JlMC|)MI4MpOBaHHblM f l . P M Ke pO M KaK K0HC|)J1MKT

nHTepnpeTaunn; BOCKpeweHne n/in nonB/ieHne n pa3BHTne pnAa HOBbix OTpac/ien Hayxn o n3bixe, b tom Hnc/ie Teopnn o O iu e H n n , / ln H rB o n p a rM a T n x n , c [D n /io /io rnH ecK on re p M e H e B T n x n , A n cxyp cn B H o n /ln H rB n c T n x n n AP- U e H T p a /ib H o n C M bic jioo6pa3yK D Lnen x a T e r o p n e n ryMaHnTapHoro 3HaHnn craHOBHTcn eAnh c tb o «He/iOBeK n ero 5i3bik» b c[}n/iococt}CKOM ocMbicneHnn 3Toro cjDeHOMeHa. Onjiococ|x:Kan pecjD/ieKcnn no noBOAy ne/iOBexa ABn>xeTcn o t

npn3HaHnn OTpa>xaTe/ibHon cyiAHOCTn ero co3HaHnn k

n p n 3 H a H n x ) e ro k o m M yH n x a T H B H o n n p n p o A b i, a c[}n/iococt}CKoe ocMbic/ieHne n3bixa - o t Te3nca «5i3biK ecTb HenocpeACTBeHHasi AencrBHTe/ibHOCTb Mbic/in» (K. Mapxc) k

Te3ncy «n3bix ecTb aom 6 biTnn» (M. XanAerrep). Bee 3Tn cjDaxTopbi Tax n /in nH ane «B T o p rax)T cn » b 0 6 /iacTb ncc/ieAOBaHnsi TexcTa n bo m h o t o m onpeAe/inKDT ee nocronHHO MeH5iK)U4nnc5i o 6 /ih k .

TexcT ocraeTcn npeAMeTOM paccMOTpeHnn Ha Bee eiue MHoroHnc/ieHHbix HayHHbix KOHcjDepeHunnx, reorpacjDnn KOTopbix pacwnpneTcn (HanpnM ep: KoMMyHnxaTHBHbie eAHHnubi n3bixa: Te3. a o x / i . M., 1 9 8 4 ; Teopnn TexcTa: /lnHrBncTnHecxnn n CTn/incTnHecxnn acnexTbi: Te3. a o x /i.

ExaTepnH6ypr, 1 9 9 2 ; He/iOBex - KOMMyHnxaunn - Texcr. BapHay/i, 1 9 9 5 ; He/iOBex - KOMMyHnxaunn - Texcr: Te3. AOK/i. BapHay/i, 1 9 9 8 ; AxTya/ibHbie npo6/ieMbi TexcTa: /lnHrBncTnHecxan Teopnn n npaxTnxa oOyneHnn: MaTep, kohc[}. y / ia H -y A 3 , 2 0 0 4 ) , b cOopHnxax craTen, HayHHbix o63opax (HanpnMep: [TpoiunHa, 1 9 8 7 ]) . LUnpoxo n3Aax)Tcn MOHorpacjDnn o Texcre, yneOHbie nocoOnn, yneOHnxn.

Pa3BnTne Teopnn TexcTa npnBOAnT k ctDaKTnnecKOMy

«ypaBHnBaHnx) b npaBax» n3bixa n TexcTa xax AByx Ba>KHeniunx /lnHrBncrnHecKnx oOtexTOB (Cp.: [Ko/iiuaHCKnn 1 9 8 4 , c. 9 0 ] ) . Ba>KHeniune HanpaB/ieHnn ncc/ieAOBaHnn n3bixa pacnpocTpaHnx)Tcn n Ha o6/iacrb TexcTa. A k t h b h o

nfleT npouecc KOHuenTya/in3aunn npeflMeTa ncc/ieflOBaHHfl, bo MHornx c/iyna^x Ha CTbixe HanpaB/ieHnn, pa3fle/iOB / ih h tb h c th k h , b KOMn/iexcHbix n Me>Kflncunn/inHapHbix ncc/ieflOBaHn^x. Texcr ncc/ieflyeTCfl xax

• 3 h a k ( c j i o x h w h 3 h a k n /in 3 H a x o B a 5 i nocneflOBaTe/ibHOCTb) - b acnexTax ero ycTpoenHOcm: C TpyxTypH on , c o fle p w a T e /ib H o n , cjDyHKunoHa/ibHon (KOMMyHnxamBHon, npamaTHHecKon); napaflnm aTnxn n cnHTarMainxn (A.T. BapaHOB, B.l~. Tax, Jl.M. JloceBa, O.l/I. MocxajibCKafl, A.I/1. H obhkob, E.A. PecjDepoBCKa^, 3.51. TypaeBa, E.B. CnaopoB, P. BapT, Y. 3ko n flp.);

• cncreMa, m n n cjDeHOMeH (E.A. Ea>xeHOBa, B.A. Byx6nHflep, M.H. Ko>XHHa, M.n. KoTX)poBa, H.A. KynnHa,B.B. OflnHUOB, M.fO. CnflopoBa, O.B. CnpomHnHa n flp.);

• e ^ n H n u a n h a m n h e c x a n - b n / i a H e TeKcronopo>xeHHfl, TeKcroo6pa30BaHHfl n TeKcronoHHMaHHfl (l~.M. B o th h , M.51. flb iM apcxnn , E.C. Ky6 psiK0 Ba, H .A . Me/ibnyx, Jl.H. Myp3HH, H.n. nepc|)HJibeBa, A.A. HyBaxnH n flp.); xax TexcTOBaa flesiTe/ibHOCTb (A.I/1. BapwaBCKaa, T.M. f lp n fl3e, H.J1. MbiLuxnHa n f lp .); xax npeflMeT Teopnn nHTepnpeTaunn (C.A. Bacn/ibeB, B.B. Bacn/ibeBa, K.A. A o /ih hh h , A.M. flOMawHeB, B.A. KyxapeHxo n flp.);

• KOMnoHeHT xy/ibTypbi, cpeflCTBO Mewxy/ibTypHon KOMMyHnxaunn; xax npe^MeT Tnno/iornHecKnx nocrpoeHnn (H./l. ra/ieeBa, M.B. rx)66eHeT, fO.A. CopoxnH n flp.);

• ncnxo- n counonnHrBncTnHecxnn cjDeHOMeH, nsneniAe

xy/ibTypbi (B.n. Be/i^HnH, T.A. BaH flenx, A.A. 3a/ieBCKafl,B.B. KpacHbix, E.C. Ky6 psiK0 Ba, A.A. JleoHbeB, Jl.H. Myp3HH,A.M. H obhkob , B.A. nnina/ibHMKOBa, fO.A. CopoxnH, B.51. LUa6ec n flp.);

• xax KOMrmeKCHbin, M ew flncunn /inH apH bin o6"beKT (Y .

3 k o n f l p . ) . V\3 M e w f l n c u n n j i n H a p H b i x , n o r p a H H H H b i x

K O H u e n u n n T e x c T a y x a > x e M , H a n p n M e p , K O H u e n u n n ,

B b ip o c iu n e Ha ocHOBe c e M n o rn x n (KD.M. JlO TM aH a, B.A.

PyflHeBa) n repM eHeBTnxn (1/1.B. ApHO/ibfl, A .A . B pyqH oro ).

Tax, K3.M. J1 o t m a h [ J1 o t m a h 1996], onnpaacb npenMyiuecTBeHHO Ha xyflo>xecTBeHHbie TexcTbi n OTTa/lKHBaflCb OT Tpex OCHOBHbIX C|)yHKI4HH TeKCTa (cpeflCTBO ynaxoBxn coo6iueHHfl, reHepaTop h o b n x c m w c / i o b ,

KOHfleHcaTop xy/ibTypHon naMATn), paccMaTpnBaeT TexcT xax CMbicnonopo>KflaK)Luee ycrponcTBO. 3flecb OTBOflHTca 6 o /ib L u a 5 i p o / ib p n T o p n x e x a x M e x a H n 3 M y CMbic/ionopo>KfleHHfl. MexaHn3M 3t o t cjDyHKunoHnpyeT b

6ecxoHeHHOM npouecce flBn>xeHHfl TexcTa. [\m KOHuenunn JlOTMaHa cymecTBeHHO, h t o ycrponcTBO, cocToaiuee n3 aflpecaHTa, aapecaTa n CBfl3biBax)Luero nx xaHa/ia, «norpy>xeHO b ceM noT nnecxoe npocTpaHCTBO», npeflcraB/iflK)Luee co6on «yc/iOBne... cyiuecTBOBaHna n pa6oTbi» 5i3bikob. BHe 3Toro npocTpaHCTBa HeT Hn KOMMyHnxaunn, Hn fl3bixa [J1o t m 3 h 1996, c. 163-164]. MeTOflo/ion/m fO.M. JlOTMaHa CBHfleTe/ibCTByeT o t o m , h to

ero ncc/ieflOBaTe/ibcxnn noflxofl MO>xeT 6biTb pacnpocTpaHeH n Ha aHa/iH3 Hexyflo>xecTBeHHbix TexcTOB.

npnB efleM o n p e fle /ie H n e TexcTa, pa3p a6oT aH H oe B.n. P y f l H e B b i M H a o c H O B e K O M n / i e x c H o r o n o f l x o f l a k

nccneflO BaHnx) (Ha M aT ep n a /ie TexcTOB xyflo>xecTBeHHbix):

« T e x c T - 3t o cncT eM H o e eflHHCTBO, npoflB /iflK )Luee c e 6 a

nOCpeflCTBOM nOBTOpflK)LUHXCfl MOTHBOB, B b lflB /lfleM b lX

n o c p e f l C T B O M M e T O ^ a C B o 6 o f l H b i x a c c o u n a u n n ,

o6Hapy>xnBaK)Lunx cxpbiTbie r /iy 6 n H H b ie MnctDO/iornHecxne

3H aneH n5i, o n p e fle /ia e M b ie k o h t o k c t o m , c k o t o p n m TexcT

BCTynaeT b c/io>KHbie B3anMOOTHOLueHH5i, Hocfliune xap axT ep

Me>KMnpoBbix OTHOiueHnn Me>xfly s b w k o m TexcTa n s b n k o m

pea /ib H O cm , crpoflLHMxcfl xax Akianor TexcTa c Hi/iTaTe/ieM m

nccneAOBaTeneM» [PyAHeB 2 0 0 0 , c. 16].

Em e oflHa n/iJix)CTpai4km. M.B. ApHOJibA, orrajixM BaflCb

o t M fleki A M a / i o r n 3 M a M.M. B a x T M H a , B b i C T p a k i B a e T

xoH uenukix) M HTepnpeTaukiM xyAO>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa Ha

« n e p e x p e c T b e » T p e x T e o p e T M n e c x M x cc|Dep: yneHM f l o

A n ajio rn 3M e, TeopMM MHTepTexcryajibHOCTM m repMeHeBTMXM.

C y m ec T B e H H O , h t o , n o mhghmx) y n o M A H y T o r o a B T o p a ,

HM TaTenbcxoe BoenpM srm e M36aBJiaeTCfl o t npeflB 3flTO crn,

ho coneTaeT o6"bexTMBHbie m cy6"bexTMBHbie nyTM [ApHOJibA

1999, c. 350]. B n o 3 n u n n A.A. E p y flH o ro MCCJieAOBaTejia

TexcT a n p k iB n exaeT MCxoAHoe n p e flc ra B /ie H M e o T e x c T e ,

xoTopbm paccM aTpnBaeTC5i x a x «CMbixax)LAMM xoM noH eH T

axTa xoMMyHMxaukiM. B T e x c re pea/ibHOCTb npeAcraBJieHa m

c x o H u e H T p k ip o B a H a b AOCTynHOM noHMMaHMX) c |)o p M e» .

T axo B a c|)yHAaMeHTajibHafl ncM xojio rM H ecxaa oco6eHHOCTb

TexcTa [BpyflHbiM 1998, c. 12].

H a o c H O B e c o n p a > x e H M f l m f l e n c | }mj iococ | }mm,

xoM M yHnxaTHBM CTnxn, ceMMOTMXM, repMeHeBTMXM m p ^ fla

A p y m x H ayx cc|}opMyjiM poBaHa o p M m H a jib H a a xoH uenuM fl

TexcTa y. 3 x o - OAHa M3 caMbix BJiMflTejibHbix b Haiue BpeM5i.

Ba>xHeMLUkiM AOCTki>xeHMeM n ep n o A a flBJiaeTCfl cx/iaAbiBaHkie m pa3BMTne HanpaBJieHMM, noAxoAOB, MeTOAOB ncc/ieAOBaHnn TexcTa. «CaMoonpeAeneHne» TeopMM TexcTa naiAe Bcero npoMCxoAMT xax ee «caMono3HaHMe» Ha ocHOBe MeTOAa 6kiHapHbix onno3MUMM. TexcT paccMaTpMBaeTca xax CTpyxTypHO-ceMaHTMnecxoe mjim xomMyHMxaTMBHoe o6pa30BaHMe (cp.: n. TapTMaH, B.M. TacnapoB, l~.A. BojiOTOBa, O.A. KaMeHCxaa, T.B. KojiwaHCXMM, A.A. JleoHTbeB, M./l. MaxapoB, B. LUmma m aP-)/ KaK CMcreMa mjim Ae^TejibHOCTb (cp: X. M3eH6epr, fl. OMBerep, T.M. flpMA3e,H . / l . M b iiu x M H a , K 3 .B . f lo n o B m a P ■), K ax

C M C T e M H o - c T p y K T y p H a H J1 H MHC[}OpMai4MOHHO-Ct}yHKI4MOHa/lbHa^ Cyil^HOCTb (cp: 1/1 .P. ra /ib n ep m -i, C .T. 1/l/ibeHxo, M M . O Txym nnxoB a, H .A . C/iiocapeBa n ap .), xax xoMMyHnxaTHBHaa n/w xomHTHBHaa MOflenb (cp.: n.B. Be/isiHHH, YM . Boi~hh, Jl.O. ByTaxoBa, T.A. BaH fle n x , T.A. 3o/iOTOBa, B. K hhh, B.B. KpacHbix, C.B. PaxMTMHa, E.B. CnaopoB n a p .) , xax oB texT H3yneHv\t\

CTHJ1HCTHXH H pHTOpHXH (H .C . BOJIOTHOBa, A .A . Bopo>x6HTOBa, M .H . Ko>xnHa, B .fO . J lnnaTO B a, T .B . MaTBeeBa, C.A. MnHeeBa, B.B. O ahhuob, Y.9\. Co/iraHnx, n f lp .) . npMBefleHHbie xapaxTepncTnxn b CBoen ocHOBe yxnaflbiBax)TC5i b cc|DopMy/iMpoBaHHbie r .n . rUeflpoBkiuxMM nporpaMMbi MCC/ieflOBam/m TexcTa. OflHaxo B/inflHne nflen aHTponoueHTpM3Ma, HeopnTopnxn n o6men c|)HJio/iorHH bo

MHornx c/iyHaax npMBOflMT x B3anMOflencTBHio HanpaB/ieHnn n nporpaMM MCC/ieflOBam/m TexcTa n o6pa30BaHMX) Ha 3to h

ocHOBe MHTepecHbix n nepcnexTMBHbix conpa>xeHHH.

B hhc/io flOMMHkipyx)LJ4Mx H a n p a B /ie H n n MCC/ieflOBaHi/m

T e x c T a B b iflB n ra e T C 5i c|)yHxi4 H O H a jiH 3 M , onnpaiO LU H H C fl b

n e p B yx ) o n e p e flb Ha flesiTe/ibHO CTH bie, xoM M yH nxaTH B H bie ,

MHC[ }OpMai 4 MOHHO- Ct }yHXI 4 M O H a / l b H b i e H X O T H M T M B H b i e

p e 3 y /ib T a T b i n c c n e flO B a H i/m T e x c T a . B x a p a x T e p n c r n x a x

n o f lx o f la (cm ., H a n p n M e p : [ B a 6 e H x o 2000, c. 4 1 -5 0 ]; [ B a / i r M H a 2003, c. 17]; [ H n x o / i a e B a 1990, c. 508 ]) n o fln e p x H B a e T C fl, h to oh « y n n T b iB a e T n p e flB a p n T e /ib H y x )

o 6 yc /iO B /ieH H O C Tb CBo6 oflb i a B T o p c x o ro Bbi6 o p a T e x n /in

M H b i x c p e f l C T B B b i p a > x e H M 5i c m w c / i o b o h C T p y x T y p b i »

[H n x o /ia e B a 1990, c. 508].

flB yM 9\ B3>XHeM111 MMM « BeTB51 mm» (A .A . K n 6 p n x ) c[}yHxi4MOHa/iM3Ma b ccjDepe Teopnn TexcTa 5ib/i5ikdtc5i

xoMMyHnxaTkiBHbin n xomnTHBHbin noflxoflbi. Ec/w nepBbin CTa b m t axu eH T Ha paccM O TpeHnn TexcTa xax an pa xoMMyHnxaTMBHoro axTa, h to o6ecnennBaeT B03MO>xHOCTb

a H a / i M 3 a T e K C T a b n p o u e c c e K O M M y H M K a u M M ( K a K

n p e f l M e T H O - n p o u e c c H o r o e ^ M H C T B a ) , t o f l / i a B T o p o r o

cym ecTBeHho, h to b TeKCTe Bbipa>KeHO 3HaHMe roBopsuuero

m pei4nnneHTa o fleMCTBMTe/ibHOcm (KapTMHa MMpa), h to m

o6ecneHM BaeT peKOHcrpyKUMK) (KomMTMBHbix) MexaHM3MOB

nopo>K fleH i/m m noHMMaHMf l TeKCTa. llp M c o n p a w e H M M

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOrO M KOHHMTMBHOrO nOflXOflOB C03flaeTCfl

B03M0>KH0CTb yBMfleTb TeKCT KaK eflMHCTBO KOHHMTMBHOM,

npeflMeTHOki m KOMMyHMKaTMBHOki flesrre/ibHOCTeM, TeKCT b

e ro «>km3hm» [HyBaKMH 2007, c. 3 3 3 -3 3 4 ].

l/l3M eHeHM fl, npOMCXOflflLUMe B KOMMyHMKaTMBHbIX

n p o u e c c a x b KOHue XX - H a n . XXI b b . (n o B b iiu e H M e

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM 3KTMBHOCTM pOCCMflH, yC/10>KHeHMe

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOrO npOCTpaHCTB3 M erO COOTHOLUeHMM c COUMa/ lbHOM pea / lbHOCTbKD, MOLl^HOe M B J IM flT e /lb H O e

cjDyHKUMOHMpoBaHMe M a c c - M e f l M a , n p o H M K H O B e H M e Ha

OTenecTBeHHyfo noHBy HeKOTopbix TeneHMM b K y/ibType -

n O C T M O f l e p H M 3 M a M f lp ., p 3 3 B M T M e M e > K K y / l b T y p H b l X

KOMMyHMKauMM m ap .), B/ieKyT M3MeHeHM5i b caMMx oO teK Tax

- TeKCTaX M MX COBOKynHOCTflX. B CCjDepy BHMM3HM51

COBpeMeHHOM JIMHTBMCTMKM BXOflflT He TO/lbKO nMCbMeHHbie

TeKCTbi m npe>Kfle Bcero o6pa3uoBbie xyflo>KecTBeHHbie, ho

Bee M H o ro o 6 p a 3 M e ycT H b ix , rm cb M eH H b ix , n e n a T H b ix ,

«KOMnbK)TepHbix» TeKCTOB. Cp. 3aMenaHMe r .O . BMHOKypa:

«Bce HanMcaHHoe, HanenaTaHHoe, CKa3aHHoe ecTb npe^MeT

c[}M/ioôrMHecKoro KOMMeHTapM5i» [BMHOKyp 1925, c. 215]. TO/lbKO Becb M3CCMB TeKCTOB, CjDyHKUMOHMpyKDLUMX B

COUMyMe (TeKCTOB Ha pOflHOM, «npMpOflHeHHblX» M Hy>KMX

SBblKax), n03B0/lMT OCMblC/lMTb flyXOBHyKD Ky/lbTypy 3THOCa,

o6Hapy>KMTb ypOBeHb KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM KOMneTeHUMM

roBopsuuMx Ha flaHHOM 5i3biKe. CaMO noH5iTMe o6pa3uoBoro

TeKCTa m noHsrme MacTepa c/iOBa mctopmhcckm m3mohhmbo

(cm ., HanpMMep, COBpeMeHHbie OUeHKM MHOrMX npM3H3HHblX

b 30 - 70-e roflbi XX b . xnaccnxoB xyAO>xecTBeHHoro c/iOBa,

nyOnnuncTOB n opaTopoB n a p m n H b ix TpnOyH). B cyiAHOcrn,

b Poccnn co3flaeTcn HOBan TexcroB an pea/ibHOCTb.

Bee 3t o MMeeT, no xpanH en M epe, Tpn c/ieACTBnn.

n e p B o e : b cc|Depe HanM eHO BaHnn n p e flM eT a T e o p n n

T e x c T a B H O B b c o 3 f l a e T c n T e p M n H O / i o r n H e c x a n

HeycTonHnBOCTb. Cp. TexcT - nHTepTexcT [KpncTeBa 1 9 9 5 ];

T excT - C B epxTexcT « x a x coBOxynHOCTb B b icxa3b iB aH nn ,

M nxpoTexcTO B , TexcTO B , o rp a H n H e H H a n T e M n o p a /ib H O n

zioxa/ibHO , o O te fln H e H H a n coAep>xaTe/ibHO n cnTyaTnBHO,

x a p a x T e p n 3y K D iu a n c n u e /ib H o n M O fla /ib H o n y cT aH O B xo n ,

AOCTaTOHHO o n p e f l e n e H H b i M n n o 3 n u n n M n a ^ p e c a T a n

a f l p e c a H T a , o c o 6 bi m n x p n T e p n n M n

H opM a/ibH o/aH O M a/ibH oro» [Kynnina 1 9 9 2 , c. 11] - TexcTonfl

(«TexcTonflb i He nMex)T CTpororo H /ieHeHnn Ha H a c m n, xax

npaBH/io, y Hnx Bcerfla MO>xeT 6biTb npoAO/i>xeHne, to ecTb

o h h n p rru n n n a /ib H O He 3aBepiueHbi» [CnpoTnHnHa 1 9 9 4 , c. 1 0 9 ]) ; TexcT - rnnep TexcT xax «o co 6an cjDopMa xpaHeHnn n

npe3eH Taunn n ep ap xn n ecxn crpyxTypnpoB aH H on TexcTOBon

nHcjDopMaunn, o6 /ia flax)L uen cneuncjDnHecxnMn cpeflCTBaMn

n ep exo fla o t o flH o ro nHcjDopMaunoHHoro 6 /io x a x A pyroM y»

[fleflO B a 2 0 0 1 , c. 2 7 8 ] . Kax 3t o Bcerfla ObrnaeT b H ayxe, noA

pa3HbiMn H a n M e H O B a H n n M n cxp b iB ax)T cn n p a 3 /in H n n b

coflep>xaHnn.

BTopoe: M H o ro o 6p a3n e TexcTOB e m e cn /ib H ee , HeM b

6 0 — 70-e r o f l b i , 3 a T p y f l H n e T p e i u e H n e n p o 6 / i e M b i

nocTpoeHnn T n n o /io rn n TexcTOB. H eflapoM Ha coBpeMeHHOM

3 T a n e TpyflHO H anTn xoTn 6bi OAHy n x M H o ro acn exT H yx)

xnaccnc|DHxai4HX). V\3 OAHoacnexTHbix npnBJieneM BHnMaHne

x xnaccncjDnxaun (H a n p n M e p : [n a A y n e B a 1 9 9 6 ] ) , xoTopan

BOCxoAnT x nA ee 3 . BeHBeHncra o pa3rpaH nH eH nn penn n

n c T o p n n e c x o r o n o B e c T B O B a H n n . B e H B e H n c T n n c a / i : «B

ncTopnHecKOM noBecTBOBaHnn HeT... n caMoro paccxa3HHKa.

Co6biTH5i H3/io>xeHbi Tax, xax ohm npo ncxo fln /in no Mepe

noflB/ieHna Ha ncropHHecKon apeHe.

...Pevb cneflyeT noHUMaTb... b caMOM wnpoKOM CMbic/ie, xax BC^xoe BbiCKa3biBaHne, npeflno/iarax)Luee roBopsuuero n c/iyiuaKDLuero n HaM epeHne nepB oro onpefle/ieHH biM o6pa30M B03flencTB0BaTb Ha BToporo» [BeHBeHncr 1974, c. 276].

T p e T b e : T eo p n n TexcTa no c/iy>xn /ia oahhm H3 hctohhhkob yneHv\5\ o flncxypce (cp.: aHr/i. discourse 1. paccy>KfleHne (nMCbMeHHoe m/im ycTHoe); nexui/m, flox/ia^; peHb; dpp. discours peHb, Bbicryn/ieHne). B /inHrBncrnHecKon /inTepaType o6biHHO pa3/inHax)T flBa npeflCTaB/ieHna o flncxypce: 1) flncxypc xax xoMMyHnxaTHBHoe co6biTne: «...flncxypc, b LunpoxoM CMbic/ie c/iOBa, flB/iaeTCfl c/io>KHbiM eflMHCTBOM fl3blKOBOH CjDOpMbl, 3HaHeHH51 H fleHCTBHfl, K O T o po e M o r /io 6bi 6b iTb H a n /iy H U jn M o 6 p a 3 0 M oxapaxTepn30BaHO c noMOiubX) noHsm/m xoMMyHnxaTHBHoro co6brn/m n/in xoMMyHnxainBHoro axTa» [BaH flenx 1989, c.1 2 1 - 1 2 2 ] ; 2 ) f ln c x y p c x a x H H C T H T yu n o H a/ibH b i n (nHCTHTyunoHHbin) Tnn TexcTa (ycTHoro, nncbMeHHoro): «noHsrme flncxypca OTxpbiBaeT TpyflHbin nyTb Me>xfly Hacro JlHHTBHCTHHeCKHM nOflXOflOM, KOTOpblH OCHOBblBaeTCfl Ha npn3HaHHOM 3a6BeHnn ncropnn, n noflxoflOM, KOTopbin pacTBopaeTCfl b nfleo/iornn» [Cepno 1999, c. 27]. OflHaxo b jikd6 om c /iy n a e TexcT «B xoflH T» b fln cx yp c xax e ro COCTaB/lflKDLljafl.

CcjDopMy/inpoBaHHbie c/ieflCTBi/m CBHfleTe/ibCTByKDT 0 6

3nncTeMO/iornHecKOM noTeHuna/ie TexcTa xax oO texTa Hayxn.

1/lTax, Ha coBpeMeHHOM 3Tane pa3BHTna Teopnn TexcTa

oh HannHaeT npeacraBaTb xax 6o /iee c jio k h w h , HeM 5i3bix,

JIHHrBHCTHHeCKOH OfrbeKT, HanpflMyK) «3aB513aHHbm» Ha n e /iO B ex e b eflHHCTBe e ro p e n e B o n n H e p e n e B o n fle^Te/ibHOCTn, b e ro M biiu /ieH nn-co3H aH nn. B Taxnx yc/iOBi/mx Teopnn TexcTa npeBpamaeTca, no HexoTopbiM o u e H x a M , b n H T e p f l n c u n n j i n H y , bnC TpanB ax)U 4yK )C 5i b

KOMMyHHxaTHBHOM K/iKDHe. 3TOMy cnoco6cTByeT OTMeneHHbin CM. rnHflkiHbiM [rnHflkiH 1995, c. 126] cjDaxT coBnafleHi/m ue/ien n ycrpeMJieHnn /inHrBMCTMKM Texcra c HanpaB/ieHneM 3BOJ1KDUHH npeflCTaB/ieHMn o npe^MeTe fl3biK03HaHi/m.

1 . 2 . T e o p n n T e K C T a K a K H a y K a

06'beKT Teopnn TeKCTa n ero n3yneHne. 06 exTOM coB peM eH H on T e o p n n TexcTa xax H ayxn flB /iaeTCfl KOMMyHnxaTnBHa^ fle^Te/ibHOCTb ne/iOBexa nocpeflCTBOM TexcTa.

npoKOMMeHTnpyeM 3 to no/io>xeHne.

B ocHOBe (J)opMnpoBaHn5i oO texTa Teopnn TexcTa /ie>xnT npn3HaHne coBpeMeHHon Hayxon KOMMyHMKarMBHOM cymHOCTi/i reKcra. Bo3bMeM k npnMepy, cy>xfleHi/m aBTopoB, nccneflOBaTe/ibcxne no3nunn k o t o p n x He 6/in3Kn: n . XapTMaH: «Bce HOCHTe/w sBbixa... roBop^T To/ibxo TexcTaMn, a He c/iOBaMn n He npefl/io>xeHH^Mn» (UnT. no: [LUmm^t 1978, c. 9 4 -9 5 ] ) ; P. BapT: «TeKCT omymaeTCx to /ibko b npouecce padoTbi, npoM3BO/jCTBa. O t c k w c/ie^yeT, h to

TexcT He MO>xeT HenoflBn>xHO 3acTbiTb (cxa>xeM, Ha khh>xhoh

n o /ix e ), oh no npnpofle CBoen flo/i>xeH CKB03b v to - to flBMraTbca (xypcHB aBTopa. - A V .)» [BapT 1994, c. 415].

I! pM 3HaHM e KOMMyHHKaTHBHOH Cyil^HOCTH TeKCTa

fle /ia e T e ro o t k p n t n m HaBCTpeny BceM ynacTHnxaM axTa

KOMMyHHxaTnBHon flesiTe/ibHOCTH, xoMMyHnxaTnBHon cnTyaunn n b ue/iOM cpeê ero cymecTBOBaHi/m, flB/iaeTCfl

ochoboh Been coBOxynHOCTn ero cjDyHKunn (cp. npnBOflnMbie

b jiMTepaiype nepenHki cjDyHKUMM TexcTa: coukia/ibHaa, CMCTeMHasi, pery/iflTkiBHaa, xomkiTkiBHafl, 3MOUkiOHa/ibHafl, pectDepeHUkia/ibHa^; cnoco6 xpaHeHM5i ki nepeAanki MHctDopMaukiM, OTpa>xeHkie nckixkinecxoki >xm3hm kiHAkiBkiAa, npoflyxT onpefle/ieHHOM kiCTopkinecxoki anoxi/i, cjDopMa cymecTBOBaHMfl xy/ibTypbi, OTpa>xeHne onpeAe/ieHHbix couk ioxy jibTypH b ix TpaAkiukiki ki AP-)- npn3HaHkie xoMMyHMxaTMBHOM cyiAHOCTM TexcTa bboamt ero B xpyr MHTepecoB Bcex ryMaHi/rrapHbix Hayx.

KoMMyHMxaTMBHafl npnpoAa TexcTa xa>xeTca 3MnnpnHecxn AaHHOki; 3to 3ac|)kixckipoBaHO, HanpkiMep, b LuyTJiMBOM xapaxTepkiCTMxe Bbicxa3biBaHkm xax sobixoBoro ue/ioro, «noc/ie xoToporo Mbi MO>xeM npepBaTb CBoero co 6 e ce A H n xa , He noxa3aB iij kicb HeBe>x/i ki b n m » (llaapAexonep).

B onpeAeneHMM o6"bexTa Teopm/i TexcTa coAep>xkiTCfl yxa3aHkie Ha kommyHMKatmbhyto (ho He Ha peneByx)!) /jexTe/ibHOCTb venoBeKa. noHflTkie xoMMyHkixaTkiBHOM Ae^TenbHOCTM LUkipe noHATkm peneBOki AesiTe/ibHOCTki: BTopoe bxoamt b nepBoe xax ee BawHeMwafl cocraB/iflX)LAafl. 1/1 Ta ki Apyraa ecTb AesiTe/ibHOCTb, coAep>xaHkieM xoTopoki ecTb o6MeH kiHcjDopMaukieki. Ho ec/iki peneBaa AesiTe/ibHOCTb ocyiAecTB/ifleTCfl cpeACTBaMki si3bixa, to xoMMyHkixaTkiBHaa - Hapsmy C si3bixoBbiMki cpeACTBaMki kicno/ib3yeT ki kiHbie. P. Axo6coh noAHepxkiBa/i: «KorAa Mbi roBopkiM, hto 5i3bix mjim n\o6at\ Apyra^ ckiCTeMa 3HaxoB flB/iaeTCfl cpeACTBOM xoMMyHkixaukiki, Mbi He AO/i>XHbi 3a6biBaTb, h to npki kicc/ieAOBaHkiki xoMMyHkixaukiki He/ib3fl Hax/iaAbiBaTb orpaHkineHkiki Ha xoMMyHkixaTkiBHbie cpeACTBa kuiki ee ynacTHkixoB» [Axo6coh 1985, c. 377]. Tax Teopkiki TexcTa oxa3biBax)TC5i «noABeAOMCTBeHHbi» TexcTbi ki si3bixoBbie, ki

C M e i u a H H b i e ( x p e o j i n 3 0 B a H H b i e ) , n - b H e o O x o f l n M b i x

a iy n a f lx - HesBbixoBbie.

B c|Dn/iococtDCKon n ncnxo/iori/m ecxon zinTepaiype, npn3H ax)iuen M H oroo6pa3ne c|dopm flesiTejibHOCTn, b

cooTBeTCTBnn c coflep>xaHneM noTpeOHOcrn pa3/inHax)TCfl T a x n e cjDopMbi fle^T e /ib H O C T n , x ax M a T e p n a /ib H a a , T e o p e T M H e c x a ^ n n p a x T H H e c x a a , n c n x i/m e c x a a n c|)n3nH ecxafl, npaB O B aa, acTeTH H ecxaa n a p . A x tn fleflTe/lbHOCTH OCymeCTB/lflX)TCfl B pea/lbHbIX >Xn3HeHHblX c n T yau n ax . 3 t h , n o c /ie flH n e , paccM aTpnBaeM bie xax coBOxynHOCTb yc/iOBnn ocymecTB/iem/m fleflTe/ibHOcrn, npeflcraB/iflxrr co6on fleflTe/ibHOCTbX) cnTyaunn - cnTyaunn

axTa cooTBeTCTByx)men c|DopMbi flesiTe/ibHOCTn. B pea/ibHbix >XM3HeHHblX C M T y a u n 9\X (J) o p M bl e 9\ Te n b h o c t n cocyiuecTByx)T, flono/ihma flpyr flp yra , neperm eTaxrrcfl, npoTnBopenaT flpyr flpyry.

OcoOaa c[}opMa noTpe6HOcrn - b obMeHe MHcjDopMaunen - po>xflaeT xoMMyHnxaTHBHyx) c|DopMy fleflTejibHOCTH. B 3anM O flencTB ne x o m MyH nxaTnB H on n m h n x c[}opM fle^Te/ibHOCTn nponcxoflH T b pea /ibH bix >xn3HeHHbix cuTyaunax, xoTopbie b 3tom c/iynae npno6peTax)T c/io>xHyK) CTpyxTypy, fleTepMm -m pyeMyx) c|DopMaMn couna/ibH on flesrre/ibHOCTn: «C/iOBecHoe obiueHne Hepa3pbiBHO crmeTeHO c oOiuem/mMn nHbix TnnoB... OTopBaTb c/ iobo ot 3Toro BeHHO CTaHOB5iLueroc5i, eflnHoro oOiuem/m, xoHenHO, He/ib3fl. B 3tom CBoen xoHxpeTHon CBA3n c cnTyaunen peneBoe obiueHne Bcenqa conpoBO>xflaeTCfl couna/ibHbiMn axTaMn H e p e H e B o r o x a p a x T e p a ( T p y f l O B b i M n a x T a M n , CMMBonnHecxnMn axTaMn pnTya/ia, uepeMOHnn n np .), - AB/iflflCb Macro To/ibxo nx flono/mei-ineM n Heca /rniub cny>xe6Hyx) po/ib» [Bo/ io w i/h o b 1929, c. 105].

Eu\e oflHO 3aMeHaHne: nocrpoeHne Teopnn TexcTa Ha ocHOBe npnHunna fleaTe/ibHOcrn npeano/iaraeT, hto TexcT n flpyrne xoMnoHeHTbi xoMMyHnxaTnBHon fleaTe/ibHOcrn MoryT 6biTb paccMOTpeHbi Ha pa3Hbix ypoBHax: a6crpaxTHOM, cpeflHeM n xoHxpeTHOM: TexcT xax TaxoBon, Texcr-Tnn, TexcT-cjDeHOMeH. npn 3tom Ha xa>xflOM n3 ypoBHen paccMOTpeHna TexcTa b HeM BnflnTca flByeanHCTBO npouecca n npoflyxTa. (Cp. c H3BecTHbim n3 xypca cnHTaxcnca no/io>xeHneM o tom, hto ocHOBHaa cnHTaxcnnecxaa e^nHnua npeflcraB/iaeT co6on npefl/io>xeHne-Bbicxa3biBaHne xax eflHHCTBO npoflyxTa n npouecca.)

OcraeTca OTBeTnTb Ha Bonpoc, nqe «nponncaHO» b /inHrBncTnxe 3HaHne 06 o6"bexTe Teopnn TexcTa. BbiflBnHyTa rnnoTe3a 0 tom, hto b crpyxType coBpeMeHHon c[}n/io/iornn Ha npaBax ee Me>xflncunn/inHapHoro aflpa cx/iaflbiBaeTca c|)njio/iornHecxafl Teopnn xoMMyHnxaunn [HyBaxnH 1999]. Ee 3a flanen flB/iaeTCfl n3yneH ne xoMMyHnxaTnBHon fleaTe/ibHOcrn ne/iOBexa nocpeflCTBOM TexcTa.

Ec/in b nepBon no/iOBHHe XX b. b ueHTpe, HanpnMep, jinHrBncrnxn Haxoflnjica 5i3bix xax cncreMa, a b ueHTpe /inTepaTypoBefleHn5i - xyflo>xecTBeHHafl /inTepaTypa xax 06/iacTb ncxyccTBa, to x xoHuy Bexa b ueHTp Ton n flpyron Hayxn craHOBnTCfl xaTeropna Homo Loquens (He/iOBex roBopsuunn). To/ibxo b nepBOM c/iynae OHa BbiCTynaeT AByeflnHCTBOM roBopsuunn - C/iyujaK)Lunn b xanecTBe HOcnTe/ia MaxcnMa/ibHO o6o6iueHHbix c[}yHxunn, a bo btopom - flByeflnHCTBOM Abtop - HnTaTe/ib b xanecTBe HOcnTe/ia c[}yHxunn xoHxpeTHbix. Pa3BnTne couna/ibHon pea/ibHOCTn n cooTBeTCTBeH h o xoM M yH nxaTnB H on fle^Te/ibH O C Tn nocpeflCTBOM si3bixa o6yc/iOB/inBaeT nosiB/ieHne Bee hobwx n HOBbix «HanonHeHnn» 3Tnx o6o6iueHHbix c[}yHxunn, a Tax>xe MOflnc[}nxaunn c(}yHxunn TpaflnunoHHbix: >KypHa/incT -

HnTaie/ib, PeK/iaMncr - PeKnaMonoTpe6nTe/ib, Cneuna/incr

no CBSBnM c o6iAecTBeHHOCTbK) - «06LuecTBeHHOCTb» n AP-

TpaAnunoHHan MOAe/ib KOMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa, b

KOTOpyK) BK/llOHaiOTCn KOMMyHMKaHTbl (roBopm unn -

cnyiuaKDLAnn), Texcr, npoueccbi roBopeHnn / noHnMaHnn,

cnTyaunn KOMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa, npaKTnHecxne n

KOMMyHHKaTHBHbie ue/in, nB/ineTcn /inHrBncTHHecKon no

CBoen npnpoAe MOAe/ibK) KOMMyHnxaunn b jik)6om cexTope

couna/ibHon pea/ibHOcrn. noaTOMy n3yneHne MOAe/in - ee

cocTaBa, CTpyxTypbi, AHHaMnxn - b pa3Hbix cc|Depax

AenTe/ibHOcrn cocraB/ineT 3aAann pa3Hbix c|)njio/iornHecKnx

Hayx (jinHrBncTnxn, zinTepaTypoBeAeHnn, wypHa/incTnxn,

Teopnn pex/iaMHon KOMMyHnxaunn n AP-)/ pa3/inHax)Lnnxcn

n p e A M e T H b i M M a T e p n a / i O M , a o 6 i u a n T e o p n n

npeAcraB/ieHHon MOAe/in - 3aAany c|Dn/io/iornHecKon Teopnn

KOMMyHnxaunn xax 0 6/iacTn c|)njio/iornn.

On/ionornHecxan Teopnn KOMMyHnxaunn nMeeT noA co6on JinHrBncTnHecKyx) 6a3y - xoTn 6bi b BnAy oco6on 3HannMOCTn n3bixa xax y H n B e p c a /ib H o ro cpeACTBa KOMMyHnxaunn. Cp.: «Ecrb Hecxo/ibxo npnnnH, no k o to p n m

n3bix ecTb n 6yAeT oco6o Ba>xeH npn n3yneHnn npnpoAbi He/iOBexa. OAHa - Ta, h to n3bix nB/ineTcn noA/inHHbiM CBoncTBOM He/iOBexa xax BnAa, npncym nM b CBonx ocHOBHbix HepTax Tonbxo HenoBeHecxnM cyiuecTBaM... fla /ie e , n3bix peiuaxjiunM o6pa30M ynacTByeT b Mbic/in, AencTBnn n couna/ibHbix OTHOiueHnnx. HaxoHeu, n3bix cpaBHnTenbHO AOCTyneH a™ n3yneHnn» [XoMCKnn 1995, c. 132]. 1/lMeHHO ecTecTBeHHbin n3bix nB/ineTcn nepBnHHon ceMnoTnHecxon cncreMon, BOB/iexaxDLAen b KOMMyHnxaunx) napan3bix n He-n3bix, BTopnHHbie ceMnoTnHecxne cncreMbi, o6ecneH nB ax)Luen n c n x o /io rn H e c K y x ), c o u n a /ib H y x ), xyAO>xecTBeHHyx), c/iob om , Bee BnAbi KOMMyHnxaunn - b

KanecTBe cpeflCTBa, MHTerpMpyKDiuero KOMMyHMKaTMBHoe

npocTpaHCTBO He/iOBeKa m couMyMa.

TaKMM o6pa30M, Teopi/m TeKCTa flB/iaeTCfl oahom m3 COCTaB/lflKDLUMX C|)MJ10J10rMHeCK0M TeopMM KOMMyHMKauMM.

n p M H U M n b i n o c T p o e H M f l n p e f l M e T a T e o p M M

T e K C T a . PaccM OTpeHHbie xapaKTepMCTMkm o6"beKTa MCC/ieflOBaHMfl n03B0Jlfl K)T CC|}OpMyJl M pOB3Tb 6a30Bbie npMHUMnbi npeflMeTM3auMM o6"beKTa, to ecTb npMHUMnbi nocTpoeHM5i npeflM eTa TeopMM TeKCTa. PaccMOTpMM B3>KHeMLUMe M3 HMX. TaKOBbIX - flBa.

nepBbik i : o d L u e H a y^H b /M n p ^ H L in n CMcreMHOCTM -

3aflaeT o 6 iu e e HanpaB/ieHM e nocrpoeHM fl npeflM eTa.

CMCTeMHOCTb KaK c|)yHflaM eHTa/ibHbiM o6ifleH ayH H biM

npMHUMn 6a3MpyeTCn Ha ue/iocmoM BMfleHMM o6"beKTa. rnasnan oco6eHHOCTb CMCTeMHbix MCC/ieflOB3HMM Ha coBpeMeHHOM 3Tane mx pa3BMTMn (c 70 — 80-x roflOB XX b .),

no oueHKe B.l/I. CaflOBCKoro, c o c t o m t « b nepexofle MCcneflOBaHM5i o t yc/iOBMM paBHOBecna CMCTeM k aHa/iM3y HepaBHOBeCHbIX n HeoOpaTMMbIX COCTOflHMM C/10>KHblX M

CBepxc/io>KHbix CMCTeM»; «Ka>Kflafl c/io>KHafl CMCTeMa Hapnuy c ee aKTya/ibHbiM cymecTBOBaHMeM b flaHHbiki m om cht m b

flaHHOM MecTe mMeeT CBoe noTeHUMa/ibHoe ObiTne, onpefle/i^KDiflee, HeM flaHHaa CMCTeMa MoweT 6biTb npn /iK)6bix MbicnMMbix yc/iOBMflx m HeM OHa npMHUMnMa/ibHO He MO>KeT 6biTb» [CaflOBCKMM 1996, c. 71, 73].

B COOTBeTCTBMM CO CK333HHblM CMCTeMHOe OCMblC/ieHMe

npeflMeTa TeopMM TeKCTa npefln o /ia raeT conpsweHMe MfleM

CMCTeMHOCTM C MfleeM fleflTe/lbHO CTM [fO flM H 1977] M o n n o 3 M T M B H o e p a c c M O T p e H M e TeKC Ta m c p e flb i e r o

cy mecTBOBa h ma .

Hto TexcTa ecTb cpeâ ero cymecTBOBam/m? Ee cocTabj~i5ikdt, BO-nepBbix, aKT KOMMyHnKaTnBHon flesiTe/ibHOCTH He/iOBexa - b KanecTBe nepBoro c/ioa cpeflbi, n/in Mnxpocpeflbi (MO>xeT 6biTb onncaHa b TepMnHax MOê/in KOMMyHHKaTHBHoro axTa, ueHTpoM KOTopon n flB/iaeTCfl T e KCT ); BO-BTOpbIX, B H e 111 H9\9\ C pefla, B KOTopon ocymecTB/ifleTCfl KOMMyHnxaTHBHbin axT, - b xanecTBe BToporo c/ioa cpeflbi, n/in Maxpocpeflbi (xy/ibTypa, npnpoaa, couna/ibHaa ccjDepa, o t KOTopbix, no oueHxe fO.M. JlOTMaHa, He/iOBex HeoTfle/wM).

B c p e ê TexcT c y m e c r B y e r - HaxoflHTca b 6ecnpepbiBH on flesiTe/ibHOCTH (c p .: « f l j ia 5i3bixa cyiuecTBOBaTb - 3HannT HaxoflHTbC5i b 6ecnpepbiBHon fle^Te/ibHOCTn. no-flpyroMy mo>kho cxa3aTb, h to c|)opmoh

cyiuecTBOBaHH5i 5i3bixa flB/iaeTCfl fleflTe/ibHOCTb» [3BernHueB 1996 , c. 1 5 5 ]) . C /ieflOBaTe/ibHO, onno3HTHBHoe paccMOTpeHne TexcTa n cpeflbi no3BO/inT «ocTaHOBHTb» ero b ue/iflx onncaHna n 3ac[}HKCnpoBaTb xax cymecTByiOLuyK) uenocTHOCTb, npeoflo/ieB npn 3tom noHHMaHne TexcTa xax paBHOBecHon cncreMbi.

B T o p o n : c n e u M a / ib H O H a y ^ H b im n p m h li m n kommyHMKatmbhoctm - coflep>xaTe/ibHO KOHxpeTH3npyeT HanpaBneHne nocrpoeHna npe^MeTa Teopnn Texcra.

npnM eHnTe/ibHO k TexcTy ncc/ieflOBaTe/ibCKnn npnH unn

K O M M y H n x a T n B H O C T n o n n p a e T c a H a n p n 3 H a H n e

K O M M y H H x a T H B H o n n p n p o f l b i T e x c T a . n p n B e a e M

npocTpaH H bie H3B/ieHeHHfl n3 co n n H eH n n E.B. C n flo p o B a ,

p a 3 p a 6 o T a B i u e r o M e T O f l o / i o r n i o c n c T e M H o r o

K O M M y H n x a T n B H o r o H 3 y H e H H f l T e x c T a : « T e x c T - 3 t o

xapaxTepn3yeM a5i KOMMyHnxaTHBHOCTbio cncTeM a peneBbix

3HaxoB n 3HaxoBbix nocneflOBaTe/ibHOCTen, Bon/ioiuaiOLuafl

conpôxeHHyx) M Ofle/ib xoM M yHnxaTHBHbix fle flT e /ib H O c re n

crmpaBHTe/ifl n no/iynaTe/ifl coo6iueHnn» [CnôpoB 1 9 8 7 b,

c. 3 8 -3 9 ]. KoMMyHHKaTHBHOCTb onpefle/iaeTCfl Ha3BaHHbiM aBTopoM xax «Bbiciua^ xaTeropna TexcTa, b H an6o/iee o 6 i u e M B n f l e c | DHKCnpyK)Lnaf l M H o r o c j D a K T o p H y K )

o6ycnoBneHHOCTb TexcTa xax cncreMbi, ero nHTerpaTnBHoe xanecTBO n flnH aM nnecK nn npnH unn o p ra H H 3 a u n n » [CnflopoB 1987a, c. 3].

Cc|DopM y/inpoBaHHbie n p n H u n n b i , B O -nepB bix , n p e f lo n p e f le / i f lK )T , h t o o n n o 3 n u n a reK C T - c p e / ja paccMaTpnBaeTca Ha xoMMyHnxaTHBHon ocHOBe, b o -b to p n x ,

3aflax)T ocHOBHbie napaMeTpbi Taxoro paccMOTpeHi/m, B -T p e T b n x , n o3B O . j i a x d t o 6 H a p y > x n T b b T e x c T e o6yc/iOB/ieHHbie cpeôn k o m MyHnxaTHBHbie no CBoen npnpofle xapaKTepncTnxn.

Ec/in «fl3bix co3flaeT yc/iOBna, fle/iax)Lune B03M0>KHbiMn /ix)6bie cjDopMbi flyxoBHon fle^Te/ibHOCTn ne/iOBexa. Eo/iee Toro, OH flBJlfleTCfl HenpeMeHHblM KOMnOHeHTOM Bcex 3THX(J)opM» [3BernHueB 1 9 9 6 , c. 1 6 8 ], t o caMa flyxoBHaa f l e ^ T e / i bHOCTb o c y m e c T B J i a e T C f l b n p o u e c c e KOMMyHHxaTHBHOM no CBoen n p n p o fle - b npouecce B3anMOflencTBH5i ne/iOBexa n TexcTa.

1/lTax, npeflM eT Teopnn TexcTa 6y fleT nocTpoeH xax

«>xnBoe» ue/ioe (npnHunn cncTeMHOCTn), KOMMyHnxaTnBHoe

no CBoen cyiUHOcrn (npnHunn KOMMyHnxaTnBHOCTn).

n p eflM eT Teopnn TeKCTa. npeflMeTOM Teopnn TexcTa flB/iaeTCfl TexcT. f la / ie e b np o u ecce onno3nTnB H oro paccM O TpeH na TexcTa b cooTH O iueH nn C H an a /ia c Mnxpocpeflon, a 3aTeM - c Maxpocpeflon ycTaHaB/wBaxrrcfl ero cyiuHOCTHbie xapaKTepncTnxn.

T e K c r m M M K p o c p e / ja e r o c y iu e c T B O s a H n n .

M n x p o cp e flo n cymecTBOBaHna TexcTa AB/iaeTCfl axT KOMMyHnxaTnBHon fle^Te/ibHOCTn ne/iOBexa nocpeflCTBOM

TexcTa. npi/iMeM TpaAkiUkiOHHyx) MOAe/ib xoMMyHkixaTkiBHoro axTa, onncaHHyx), HanpkiMep, y ropofleuxoro [TopoAeuxnki 1990]: xoMMyHkixaTkiBHbiki axT ecTb «3axoHHeHHaa nacrb 5i3bixoBoro B3akiMOAekicTBki5i, nMeiomafl ecrecTBeHHbie rpaHkiubi». Ec/in b cocTaB MOAe/iki xoMMyHkixaTkiBHoro axTa BBecTki, b Aono/iHeHkie x TeM, hto nepenkic/ieHbi y E.KD. TopoAeuxoro, eiAe oahh xoMnoHeHT - 5i3bix, a Tax>xe npoki3BecTki H e xo T o p b ie T e p M k iH O /io rk in e cxk ie xoppexTkipoBXki, to cocTaB MOAenki npkiMeT c/ieAyx)LAHki bha:

1. KoMMyHkixaHTbi.

2. npoueccbi Bep6a/iki3aukiki ki noHkiMaHkm.

3. 9\3bix.

4. TexcT.

5. 06cT05iTejibCTBa xoMMyHkixaTkiBHoro axTa.

6. npaxTkinecxkie qe/in.

7. KoMMyHkixaTkiBHbie ue/in.

KoMMyHMKaHTbi - reKCT. KoMMyHkixaHTbi, ki/iki no TpaAMUkiki, roBopfliAkiki ki c/iywaiOLAnn, - cjDyHxukiki, xoTopbie ncno/iHfleT Homo Loquens b axTe xoMMyHnxaTkiBHon Ae^Te/ibHOCTki: roBopfliAnn - 6biTb nopo>XAaiOLAkiM TexcT, c/iyiuaiOLAkiki - 6biTb BOcnpkiHkiMaiomuM TexcT. TaxkiM o6pa30M, Homo Loquens npeAcraeT b xoMMyHkixaTkiBHOM axTe b pa3ABoeHHOM BkiAe - xax roBopfliAnn ki/iki xax c/iywaiOLnnn.

OyHAaMeHTa/ibHbiM npn3HaxoM Homo Loquens ki cooTBeTCTBeHHO roBopaiAero ki c/iywaiOLAero AB/meTca axTkiBHOCTb b axTe xoMMyHnxaTkiBHon AesiTe/ibHOCTn. «Mbi xo35ieBa TexcTa» [Bakmpnx 1987, c. 54]. CoAep>xaTejibHO axTkiBHOCTb /ie>xkiT b n/iaHe pewem/m noc/ieAHkiMn cboux 3aAan. A.M. Hobuxob noAMepxkiBaeT, hto 3aAann 3th

(KOrHMTMBHbie M XOMMyHHXaTHBHbie) pa3/lHMaX)TCfl pa3HblMH aKueHTaMki: «ec /in aBTop peiuaeT npeM M ym ecTBeHHO k o m MyHMKaTMBHyK) 3a fla M y ...T O a f lp e c a T p e iu a e T npeMMymecTBeHHO xon-mTHBHyx) 3aflaMy (xypcnB Haiu. - A V .) » [A.H. Hobm kob 2003, c. 98]. llpn3Hax axTnBHOCTn onpefle /m eTca, no xpanHen Mepe, f\syM5\ c|DaxTopaMn: cyOteKT-cyOteKTHbiM xapaKTepoM xoMMyHnxaTnBHon fle^Te/ibHOCTn, m to nponcrexaeT n3 cyOteKTHon npnpoflbi Me/iOBexa [HyBaxnH 1995 , c. 10], n xoMMyHnxaTnBHon npnpoflon KomnTnBHbix cbom ctb Me/iOBexa: Homo Loquens, o6/iaflaa xorHHTHBHon 6a3on 3HaHHM, onepnpyeT hm h

ia cxo i\5 \ n3 Heo6xoflHMOCTn pew em /m Tex n/in h h n x

KOMMyHnKamBHbix 3aflaM. Cp.: «npn Bce3HaHnn omaflaeT n Hy>Kfla b KOMMyHHKaunn» [fl3BHflC0H 1986, c. 109].

roBopaiunn n c/iyujax)Lnnn o6/iaflax)T xoMMyHnxaTnBHO 3HaMHMbiM Ha6opoM xapaxTepncrnx. Tpaflnunom-io ohm

pa3Memax)TCfl b aieflyxDiunx n/iocxocrflx:

• c|DopMa/ibHO-fleMorpact}HMecKon n 3THorpac|)HMecxon;

• c o u n a / i b H o n , n c n x o n o r n m e c k o n n coiuT/ibHO-ncnxo/iornMecxon;

• Ky/ibTypHO-aHTpono/iornMecKon;

• c|Dn/iococt}CKO-MnpoB033peHMecKon;

• Kom nTnBHon n xoMMyHnxaTnBHon;

• JinHrBncrnHecKon;

• CMTyaTnBHO-noBefleHMecKon n flp.

no CBoen 3HaMHMOCTn / TexcTa b th xapaxTepncrnxn paBHbi TOMy, m to B.A. 3Hre/ibrapflT Ha3Ba/i BHyTpeHHen cpeflon MenoBexa: mmh, xa>xflon b OTfle/ibHOcrn, b pa3Hbix cooTHOiueHn^x, coBOxynHO, onpefle/iaeTCfl o6/inx TexcTa.

3 Ham/iM0 CTb fl/m TexcTa x a p a x T e p n c n /ix roB opsuuero i/i

c /iy w a iO L u e ro T p a fli/1141/iOHHO o m /ic b iB a e T c a p a 3 f le / ib H o : b

T ep M M H ax 5i3 bixoBOM /im m hocti/i, o 6 p a 3 a a B T o p a i/i o 6 p a 3 a

M M TaTe/m , o 6 p a 3a p n T o p a i/i o 6 p a 3a ayfli/rrop i/m i/i f lp . Ohm

c o n p a ra iO T C fl b x a i e r o p n n t b k c t o b o m / im m h o c t m H o m o

L o q u e n s . O H a n ecTb t o t c[}oxyc, b xotopom cxo flflT c a Bee

rp a H n xoMMyHnxaTMBHOCTM T e x c T a . K a T e ro p i/m TexcTO B on

/im m hoctm p e n p e 3 e H T n p y e T C 5i b T e x c T e b f lB y e fli/m c T B e

c y b x a T e r o p n n - T e x c T O B o n /ii/im h o c ti/i r o B o p s u u e r o n

TexcTOBon /immhoctm c /iyw aiO Luero .

B e p 6 a /iM 3 a u M fi-n o H M M a H M e - r e x c r . B e p 6 a /iH 3 a 141/m -

n o H M M a H n e - c y T b c o b c T B e H h o f l e ^ T e / i b H O C T H b i e

x o M n o H e H T b i x o m M y H i / i x a T i / i B H o r o a x T a ( « c a M o e

f le 5iT e /ib H O C T b » ). 3 t o n c n x o /in H rB n c T M M e c x n e n p o q e c c b i,

CyiUHOCTb XOTOpbIX COCTOHT B nOpO>Xfle HI/I I/I (B e p 6 a/lM 3ai4M5l)

n BOcnpi/mTHi/i (noH M M aH i/in) T e xcT a , t o ecTb b flBi/i>xeHi/ii/i o t

CMbic/ia x TexcT y (n p n B ep6 a/iM 3auMM) m o t TexcTa x CMbic/iy

(n p n noH M M aH nn).

B npoueccax Bep6a/iM 3aunn - noHi/iMaHi/m TexcT n p eflC T aeT n p o u e cc H O -n p e flM e T H b iM e fli/ih c t b o m n paccMaTpi/iBaeTca b uenoMxe: (TexcT xax 3aMbice/i) - TexcT xax nopo>xflaeMoe - Texcr xax npoayxT nopo>xfleHi/m (ho bw h

T ex c T -1) - T e x c r x a x o d b e K T n o H M M a H M /7 (TexcT xax pea/ibHOCTb) - TexcT xax noHHMaeMoe - TexcT xax npoayxT noHnMaHi/151 (HOBbin TexcT-2). 3Ta uenoMxa cjDnxcnpyeT 3Tanbi xoM M yH nxaTM B H bix TpaH cejD opM aunen (c p .: ceMMOTMMecxne TpaHcejDopMaunn b [JloTMaH 1996, c. 108]) b

npouecce Bep6a/in3aunn - noHi/iMaHi/m. TaxnM o6pa30M, TexcT xax o b te x T noHMMaHi/151 (TexcT xax pea/ibHOCTb) cyiuecTByeT xax flBa TpaHcejDopMa: hobw h TexcT-1 n hobw h

T e x c T -2 , c o e fli/m e H H b ix TpaHCc|DopM ai4i/iOHHbiM i/i

OTHOiueHnnMn (Bbm B/iniOTcn Ha a T a n a x nopo>KAeHHn n

noHUMaHnn).

Ocra/iocb noflHepKHyTb 3HaHHMOCTb aTanoB, CBSBaHHbix c noHMMaHneM. B coBpeMeHHon Hayxe Bee 6o/iee npnwnBaeTcn Mbic/ib o tom, hto BHe aToro npouecca Texcr npeflCTaB/ineT co6on poA 3ByxoBon n/in rpac|DHHecKon noMexn, n/in, xax nnweT A.r. BapaHOB: A^HHoe cocronHne TexcTa - 3to «aHa6no3», TexcT nB/ineTcn «CK/iaAOM» [BapaHOB 1994, c. 80]. TaxnM o6pa30M, TexcT cymecTByeT b cbohx KOMMyHHxaTHBHbix TpaHcejDopMaunnx xax OTxpbiTan nx coBOxynHOCTb.

l/l e iu e o a h o n o n c H e H n e . E c /in x o /in H e c T B O TpaHcejDopMaunn TexcTa, ocym ecTBJineM bix npn e ro Bep6a/in3aunn, b npnHunne orpaHHHeHO n, no-BnAnMOMy, hchhc/ihmo (caMn TpaHCc|DopMbi 3ac[}nKcnpoBaHbi b ycTHbix, nncbMeHHbix, nenaTHbix n np. ncTOHHnxax), to xo/inHecTBO TpaHectDopMaunn, ocymecTBJineMbix npn BoenpnnTnn TexcTa, HeorpaHnHeHO n HencHnc/inMO b npnHunne. Ec/w Tax mo>kho cxa3aTb npnMeHnTe/ibHO k KOHxpeTHOMy T ex c ry , oho K O / i e 6 / i e T c n o t Hy/ i n ao O e c x o H e H h o c th . C p .: «l/ICHepnbiBax)LAee npoHTeHne /inTepaTypH oro TexcTa paBHOcn/ibHO yTBep>KA6HHK) o xpaxe /iHTepaTypbi» [Toaopob 1998, c. 126].

T = [T-3aMwce/i ->] T-nopo>KAaeMoe -> T-roBO pam ero (hobw m t b k c t -I ) ->

-> T-o6*>eKT cnyw afom ero -> T-noHMMaeMoe ->

-> T-npoAyKT noHMMaHna (hobw m TeKCT-2).

Pmc. 1.1. 3Tan TpaHc4>opMaijMM TeKcra

T npoAyxT noHnMaHnn (hobwh TexcT-2) npeAcraB/ineT co6on cneAyKDiuee (cm. pnc. 1.2):

I T - 11T-noHMMaeMoe -» T-npoflyior noHMMaHMS | T-2" |

I T-n |

Pmc. 1.2. TeKCT KaK npoflyKT noHMMaHkm

noKa>KeM cxeMaTMHHo:

Ha pkicyHKax npMHATbi c/ieflyiOLUMe o6o3HaHHMa: T - TeKCT; T - l , T-2... T-n - cm m bo/in, o6o3HaHaiOLUMe TeKCTbi, C03flaBaeMbie c/iyiiiaiom M mn (TeKCTbi-npoflyKTbi m/mjim

TeKCTbi-MHTepnpeTaukin).

\A j3k , ocMbicneHkie TeKCTa b acneKTe Bep6a/iM3auMM -

noHkiM3HM51 B b iflB k iraeT K a T e ro p M io KOMMyHMKarMBHOM

TpdHCCpOpMMpyeMOCTI/l, B KOTOpOM paCKpblBaeTCfl MeX3HM3M

cymecTBOBaHM5i TeKCTa. (HanoMHMM: cymecTBOBaTb 3H3hm t

HaxoflMTbc^ b 6ecnpepbiBHOki flesrre /ib H O cm .)

$ 3 b iK - reKCT. 5\3biK b flaHHOM c/iyHae noHMMaeTCfl b

lumpokom CMbicne - KaK ceMHOTkmecKnn o6"beKT. 3 t o - m

ecrecTBeHHbm A3biK, m napa-A3biK (MKOHMHecKMe 3HaKn, h ipnc[DTOBbie cpeflCTBa, cpeflCTBa 3ByKOBOM cf)o h a 141/1 i/i, KMHeTMHeCKki e, M M M M H eCKM e m f l p . ) / w A3blKM b

He/ l MHrBMCTMHeCKOM CMblC/ ie ( xyf l O>KeCTBeHHbi e MOflennpyKDLflkie CMCTeMbl - A3biK My3biKM, CKy/ibnTypbi, apxkiTeKTypbi m f lp .) , m flMCKypcMBHbie KOflbi ( k o a w ,

CBfl3aHHbie c «o6c/iy>KMBaHMeM» pa3Hbix «couna/ibHbix no/ieM» [Bypflbe 1994] KaK cc|Dep Ky/ibTypbi - no/iMTMKM, HayKM, 3KOHOMMKM M flp .), - C/IOBOM, BCe 3HaKOBbie CMCTeMbl, C KOTOpbIMM B33MMOfleMCTByeT eCTeCTBeHHblM 5l3bl K B

n p o u e c c e fle^Te/ibHOCTM c o B o p a iu e ro m a iy w a iO L u e ro no

Bep6a/iM3auMM m noHMMaHMio TeKCTa.

Ec/ im nepeHMcneHHbie 3HaKOBbie CMCTeMbl paccMOTpeTb npMMeHMTe/ibHO k ro B o pa iu eM y m c /iyw aiO LueM y, to

o6Hapy>KHTCfl, h to ohm (cncreMbi) npoflB/ifliOT ce6a xax yHnBepca/ibHbin npeflMeTHbin k o a ( « 3 t o c t n k penn n nHTen/iexTa. 3flecb coBepwaeTCfl nepeBOfl Mbic/w Ha t\3bix He/iOBexa» [>Khhkhh 1982, c. 54 ]); napa/inHrBncTnnecKne xoflbi; xoflbi, CBSBaHHbie c flpyrnMn 3HaxoBbiMn cncTeMaMn n flncxypcHBHbie xoflbi (Cm.: «AHa/in3 flncxypca pa3pa6oTa/i HOBbin, CBo6oflHbin noflxofl k M aTepna/iy, cnoco6HOCTb npoHnTbmaTb Texc™ , "3Ha9\, h to nnTaeiub", cnoco6HOCTb, n03B0/i5H0Luyx) He CTaTb >xepTBon n/i/ii03nn npo3paHHOcm, HenocpeflCTBeHHOCTn n oneBHflHOCTn CMbic/ia» [Cepno 1999, c. 5 2 ] ; H a x o H e u , 3 t o n KOMMyHnxaTnBHbie xo flb i, o6ecneHnBax)Lune «ynpaB/ieHne» nepenncneHHbiMn.

PaccMOTpeHne TexcTa b cooTHOiueHnn #3b/K - reKCT no3BO/i5ieT o n p e f l e / i H T b TexcT x a x c/io>KHbiM 3Hat<

/lMHTBMCTMêCKOM npM pO flbl. C/10>KH0CTb 3TOTO 3HaKa3aflaeTca paflOM cjDaxTopoB, b to m nnc/ie n TeM, h to oh

«C0TxaH» n3 3HaxoBoro MaTepna/ia Hecxo/ibxnx pa3Hbix cncTeM, xa>xflafl n3 k o t o p n x ocraB/ifleT cb o h «c/iefl» b

T e x c T e ; n c j i o k h w m h o t h o lu e h n n m n M e > x f l y npeflcraBHTe/iflMn 3Tnx cncTeM b Texcre; n caMnM TexcTOM xax ue/ibiM e tc ... n, p a 3 y Me e T c a , nojinxoflOBOCTbio roBopsuuero n c/iywaiOLuero. TeM caMbiM co3flaeTca 6a30Boe yc/iOBne ero MHTepnperMpyeMOCTi/i.

OdcTOZTe/ibCTBa KOMMyHMKarMBHoro a K ra - reKCT. no fl

noHATne o6cTOf lTe/ ibCTB KOMMyHnxaTHBHor o axTa noflBOfl5iTC5i, BO- nepBbi x , t . h . BHei uHne yc/ iOBHfl Bep6a/in3aunn - noHHMaHna (MecTO, BpeMfl, o6cTaHOBxa n np., «cxpen/ieHHbie» axTOM coBM ecm on fleflTe/ibHOcrn KOMMyHHKaHTOB) , n, BO-BTOpbIX, « BH e u j Hn n Mnp» («flencTBHTe/ibHbin» n «B03M0>KHbie Mnpbi» (fl. Cep/i), t o

ecTb t o , k neMy OTCbmaeT TexcT). TaxnM o 6p a3 0 M , o6cTaHOBxa - 3 t o BHeiuHne «noTeHuna/ibHO pe/ieBaHTHbie aneMeHTbi b KOHTexcre o6iueHHfl» [BpanT 1975, c. 36]. B

flaHHon xapaKTepncTnxe HMeeTca b BHfly KOMMyHHxaTHBHbin aKT. Ho KOMMyHnKaTnBHbin axT bo m h o t h x cjiynaax oxa3biBaeTC^ «pacTAHyTbiM b o BpeMei-m n /n / in npocTpaHCTBe». PaccMOTpeHne TexcTa b acnexTe odcraHOBKa KOMMyHMKarMBHoro aKra - reKcr BbiflBnraeT xaTeropnn cmrayrM b h octm (cp .: c|op. s itu a tio n 1) MecTonono>xeHne; 2) no/ioxeHne, cocroflHne; 3) ci/rryaui/m, o6cTaHOBxa, no/io>xeHne) n aBOKauMM (cp.: JiaT. evocatio - Bbi30B, npn3biB; aHr/i. evocation - BOCKpewei-me b naMsrrn; Bbi3BaHHbin k >kh3hh, Bon/ioiuei-me (oco6, b ncxyccTBe); TBopHecTBo; dpp. evocation - BOCCTaHOBJiei-me b naMflTH, npnnoMMHaHne, BOcnoMnHaHne o...; m an. evocare - Bbi3biBaTb (BOCxpeiuaTb) b naM9\jv\, BcnoMnHaTb; no/ibcx. ew okacja - Bocnpon3Beflei-me; ne iuex, evokace - BOCCTaHOBneHne b naMATn). KaTeropi/m cu ry arMBHOCTM o6ecneHHBaeT b n b o a TexcTa b acnexT npamaTHKH; xaTeropi/m aBOKauMM pacxpbiBaeT OTHOweHi/m TexcTa c BHeiuHnM MnpoM - MnpoM flencTBHTe/ibHOCTM (pea/ibHon, BbiMbiiuneHHon) n MnpoM TexcTOB.

napaMeTp odcraHOBKa KOMMyHMKarMBHoro aK ra b

6o/ibUJon M epe f le /ia e T OTxpbiTon M n x p o c p e fly T excT a ,

o6paiuafl ee b CTopoHy Maxpocpeflbi.

npaktm yecKMe ue/iM, kommyHMKa TMBHbte ue/iM - reKcr.

Ue/ieBbie KOMnoHeHTbi 3aHHMax)T oco6oe MecTO b MOflenn:

OHM flB/lflK)TCfl CKB03HblMH, CBSByKDUJHMH, npOHH3blBaK)T BCeflp y rn e k o m noHeHTbi. 3 t o b o m h o t o m oOtflci-ifleTCfl ueneHanpaBneHHOCTbK) xax aTpn6yTOM He/iOBenecKon fle^TenbHOCTn, ue/ieBbiMH xapaKTepncmxaMn sBbixa.

B npaKTMHecKon 14e/in 3HaHHMO, h t o OHa CBfl3aHa c TnnoM couna/ibHon fleflTe/ibHOCTH, b xoTopyx) Bn/ieTeHa fleflTe/ibHOCTb k o m MyHnxaTHBHa5i. npaKTHHecxafl ue/ib npeflCTaB/iêT co6on o6pa3 npaxTnnecxoro pe3y/ibTaTa,

KOTopbm n p e fln o /ia ra e T a o c tu hb Hom o Loquens. KoMMyHMKaTkiBHan ue/ib - 3to HaMepeHne, ycraHOBxa, pea/in3yeMafl npn nopo>xAeHnn / noHkiMaHnn TexcTa.

Ec/in npaxTnnecxaa ue/ib npnHaflne>xMT ne/iOBexy, to xoMMyHnxaTHBHafl - TexcTy. TaxkiM o6pa30M, paccMOTpem/ie TexcTa b acnexTe ue/in b n b o a m t TexcT Ha ypoBeHb ncc/ieAOBaHna ero npam aTkiHecxon 3HannMOCTn n xoMMyHkixaTkiBHOM HanpaB/ieHHOCTn. XapaxTepkiCTMxa TexcTa c tohxh 3peHi/m ue/in npeAno/iaraeT pa3rpaHnneHne xoMMyHkixaTkiBHOM n pnTopnnecxon MOAe/in TexcTa, nocxo/ibxy o6e yHHTbiBax)T ue/ieBon xoMnoHeHT (cm .: [Ochobn o6iAen pi/rropnxn 2000]). BoAopa3fle/i b AaHHOM c/iynae 6a3npyeTca Ha cyx<AeHnn KD.M. JloTMaHa o tom, hto « b pnTopnxe nopo>xAeHne TexcTOB nMeeT "yneHbm", C03HaTenbHbiki xapaxTep» [JlOTMaH 1996, c. 48].

1/lTax, b pyc/ie xoMMyHkixaTkiBHoro noAxoAa x reKcry e ro m o>xh o onpe f l e / iMT b x a x k o m m yHMKa tm b h o HanpaB/ieHHbiM m npamaTMuecKM 3HauMMb/M c/io>KHbiM 3Hax jiMHTBMCTMêcKOM npMpo/jbi, penpe3ehtmpytomMM yvaCTHMKOB KOMMyHMKaTMBHOm aKTa B TeKCTOBOM flMUHOCTMHomo Loquens, od/ia/jaHDLpuu npu3HaKaMu 3B0Katm bhoctm m

CLLinydTMBHOCTM, MexaHM3M cymeCTBOBdHMH x o ro p o ro

6a3upyeTcn Ha b o 3 m o > k h o c th x e ro KOMMyHMKatm b h o m

TpaHCtpopMMpyeMOCTM.

f la H H o e o n p e f le /ie H M e He coflep>xM T mhotmx n3

TpaflMUMOHHO npnnncbiBaeMbix TexcTy npn3HaxoB, a Tax>xe

yxa3aHkin Ha eflMHi/iuy TexcTa.

B n eM f le / io ? E o / ib iu mhctbo « x a H O H H H e c x n x »

n p k l 3 H a X O B T e x c T a : C B f l 3 H O C T b , U e / l O C T H O C T b ,

3aBepiueHHOCTb, H/ieHkiMOCTb n Ap. - ycTaHOBneHbi npn

p a c c M O T p e H M M T e x c T a He h 3 b h e ( n 3 c p e A b i e r o

cymecTBOBaHM5i), a n3HyTpn (b caMOM Ae/ie: Tonxa 3peHi/m

Mei-meT npeflMeT!) n Ha apyron TeopeTnnecxon ocHOBe (BcnoMHMTe paccy>KfleHH5i o npnHunnax nocrpoeHHfl npeflMeTa Teopnn TexcTa!). fla/iee, MHorne n3 npn3HaxoB «xaHOHnMecxnx», nHorâ b nHOM 06/iHHbe, CBoncTBeHHbi n ApyrnM A3bixoBbiM e^nHnuaM n /n /in o6"bexTaM (cp.:CBfl3HOCTb n UenOCTHOCTb BblCXa3blBaHHfl, 3aBepiUeHHOCTb nH(J)opMaTnBHoro coflepwaHna npefl/ioxeHna, M/ieHHMOCTb ocHOBbi c/iOBa n flp.). npefltflB/ieHHafl 3flecb coBOxynHOCTb n p n 3 H a x o B T e x c T a He O T B e p r a e T n p n 3 H a x o B «xaHOHnMecxnx», ho h c x o a h t n3 toi~o, mto ohh MoryT 6biTb BbmefleHbi n3 cc|DopMy/inpoBaHHbix Bbiiue.

Tenepb o e^nHnue TexcTa. Kax 3 t o c/ie^yeT n3 ncTopnn H3yMeHHfl TexcTa ( c m . 1.1.), o6Hapy>xnBaeTCfl crpeM/ieHne ncc/ieflOBaTe/ien x Bbifle/ieHnx) pa3Hbix e^nHnu. TeM He MeHee, Bee M Horoo6pa3ne e^nH nu Bcero MHoroo6pa3n5i TexcTOB ( o t «Ay!» flo, HanpnMep, «BonHbi n Mnpa» Jl. To/iCToro) MO>xeT 6biTb noflBefleHO nofl noHATne KOMMyHMKarMBHoro 6/iOKa xax MaxcnMa/ibHO o6o6iueHHon TexcTOBon e^nHnubi, b xoTopon pea/in3yx)TCfl xaTeropnn TexcTa.

T e K c r m M a K p o cp e fla . KoMnoHeHTaMn Maxpocpeflbi 5IB/151KDTC51 xy/ibTypa, npnpofla, couna/ibHaa cc|Depa. fla /iee xpaTxo oxapaxTepn3yeM nepeMnc/ieHHbie xoMnoHeHTbi n nx 3HaMnMOCTb / ycraHOB/ieHHfl cyiuHOcrn TexcTa. npn 3tom

6y<qyT y MT e Hb i n T a x H a 3 b i B a e M b i e B H e i u H n e (onocpeflOBaHHbie) HanpaB/ieHna sn m n m cpeflbi Ha TexcT n BHyTpeHHne (HenocpeflCTBeHHbie).

Kynbrypa - reKCT. 3. BeHBeHncT yxa3a/i: «Ky/ibTypa o n p e f l e / i a e T c a x a x Be c b Ma c j i o x h w h x o M n / i e x c npeflCTaB/ieHnn, opraHn30BaHHbix b xoêxc OTHOiueHnn n ueHHOCTen: Tpa^nunn, pe/inrnn, 3axoHOB, no/inTnxn, 3Tnxn, ncxyccTBa - Bcero Toro, neM Me/iOBex, nae 6bi o h hh

pofli/mcn, nponnTaH ao caMbix r/iy6nH CBoero co3HaHnn n h to HanpaB/ineT ero noBeAei-me bo Bcex cjDopMax AenTe/ibHOCTn» [BeHBeHncr 1974, c. 31].

He/iOBex >xnBeT «b Mnpe Ky/ibTypbi» (fO.M. JlOTMaH). C/ieAOBaTe/ibHO, cymHOCTHbie xapaxTepncrnxn TexcTa bo MHoroM o6ycnoB/ieHbi xy/ibTypon, TeM 6o/iee hto n caMn TexcTbi ecTb ee nacrb.

1/13 BHeujHHx HanpaB/ieHnn B/innHnn xy/ibTypbi Ha TexcTbi BbiAe/inx)Tcn cnoco6bi, xoTopbmn «xy/ibTypa npeBpaiuaeT HenHcjDopMaunx) b nHc|DopMai4nx)» ( fO.M. JlOTMaH), reHepnpyeT CMbic/ibi; MOAe/in n npaBn/ia xoMMyHnxaunn, nMex)LAne MecTO b xy/ibType 3Aecb n cennac n AP- K BHyTpeHHUM HanpaB/ieHnnM OTHOcnTcn npex<Ae Bcero cjDyHxunn TexcTa b xy/ibType, npeAonpeAe/ineMbie e\o; OTHOiueHnn cmmbo/i (3hbk) - reKcr; ana /io r, MOHO/ior - reKCT, xapaxTep B3anMOAencTBnn TexcTOB b xy/ibType n AP-

CymecTBeHHOCTb OTHOweHnn Ky/ibrypa - reKcr Bbi3Ba/ia x > x h 3 h h x y /ib T y p o /io rn n e c x n e MOAe/in xoMMyHnxaunn n, c/ieAOBaTe/ibHO, TexcTa (M .M . BaxTHH,B.n. PyAHeB n AP-) h ncc/ieAOBaHnn TexcTa xax nB/ieHnn xy/ibTypbi (fO.M. JlOTMaH, Jl.M. Myp3HH, E.O. TapacoB n AP-)/ BbiABMHy/ia ct)i/mococ|}cxo-xyjibTypo/iornHecxne acnexTbi nccneAOBaHnn TexcTa, b tom nnc/ie Han6o/iee axTya/ibHbin b Hawn AHn acnexT AHa/iornHHOCTn (M .H . Ko>xnH, fO.M. JlOTMaH, A.A. HyBaxnH n AP-)-

npnpo/ja - reKCT. npnpoAa xax ecTecTBeHHbie yc/iOBnn cyiAecTBOBaHnn He/iOBenecxoro poAa onpeAe/ineT npex<Ae Bcero BHewHne cjDaxTopbi Bep6a/in3aunn - noHHMaHnn TexcTa. 3 to MaTepna/ibi, opyAnn n cpeACTBa xoMMyHnxaunn, onpeAennx)LAne o6/inx TexcTa. 1/13 nponB/ieHnn BHyTpeHHero xapaxTepa BbiAe/inx)Tcn npeACTaB/ieHnn o TexcTe xax c[}n3nHecxoM (npnpoAHOM) o6"bexTe, Bbipa3HBwnecn,

Hanpi/iMep, b ormcaHMM ero Ha 6a3e xaTeropMM nponopuMM, CMMMeTpMM / aci/iMMeTpi/m m flp. ( r .r . Mocxa/ibnyx, KM. Be/ioycoB m ap.).

CoLiMa/ibHati ccpepa - rexcr. Texcr >xnBeT To/ibxo b coukiyMe. 1/lMeHHO counyM onpefle/meT ero cymecrBOBaHMe - Mepe3 CBoe 6biTne, o6iuecTBeHHbie OTHOi±ieHM5i, couMa/ibHyx) flesiTe/ibHOCTb.

T/iaBHoe H anpaB /ieH kie , b xo to p o m coui/iyM ocymecTB/meT CBoe B/iMAHMe Ha Texcr, - 3to TMnbi, BMflbi, cjDopMbi etc. couna/ibHOM flesiTe/ibHOCTM, b xoTopbie BrmeTaeTca xomMyHMxaTMBHasi fle^Te/ibHOCTb. Cp. c/ieflyKDiui/ie yTBep>xfleHMfl: «C oahom peMbX) Me/iOBexy flenaTb HeMero: OHa He caMOue/ib, a cpeflCTBO, opyflMe, xotn m MO>xeT no-pa3HOMy Mcno/ib30BaTbCfl b pa3Hbix BM/jax fle^Te/ibHOCTM... PeMb He 3ano/iHêT co6om Bcero "fleflTe/ibHOcmoro" axTa» [JleoHTbeB 1969, c. 27] m «B/in>xaMLua5i couMa/ibHaa CMTyauMfl m 6o/iee wMpoxaa couMa/ibHaa cpeâ Bceue/io onpefle/mxrr - npMTOM, Tax cxa3aTb, M3HyTpn - CTpyxTypy Bbicxa3biBaHMfl»; «...CMTyaui/m cjDopMMpyeT Bbicxa3biBaHne» [Bo/iolumhob 1929, c. 103]. B3anMOfleMCTBne MenoBexa m Me/iOBexa, couMyMa m Me/iOBexa (Me/iOBexa m counyMa) Bbi3biBaeT x >xm3hm mjim axTMBM3npyK)T oflHM TexcTbi m yBOflMT b TeHb apyme. TaXMM o6pa30M, nopox/ieHMe - noHMMaHMe TexcTa, cymecTBOBaHi/ie TexcTa, TeM 6o/iee cpe^y ero cymecTBOBaHi/m bo MHoroM, ec/iM He b peiuax)LueM onpefle/meT couMa/ibHaa cc|Depa. OTCX)fla - cbom HanpaB/ieHM5i i/icc/ieflOBaHi/m TexcTa, cbom MOê/iM xoMMyHMxauMM m TexcTa (n. Bypflbe, K. Bpi/mxep, M. Oyxo m flp.).

Onno3Mi4i/m Maxpocpe/ja - re xc r nanneTCft oco6biM oOteXTOM MCC/ieflOBaHMfl, B XOTOpOM yCTaHaBnMBaX)TC51 CBOM xaTeropMM, npM3HaxM, CBOMCTBa TexcTa xax ctDeHOMeHa

Ky/ibTypbi, npkipoflHOM cpeflbi mjim counyMa: ohm jiewaT b

ocHOBe Tex C|DaKTOpOB, KOTOpbie f leTepMMHMpyKDT cyiflecTBOBaHMe TexcTa, o6yc/iOB/iMBafl nopoK) rapMOHMio, nopoK) B03MyifleHM5i m fla w e «B3pbiBbi» b npoueccax cymecTBOBaHMfl TexcTa.

Maxpocpefla b eflMHCTBe c MMxpocpeflOM c o c t3 b ji5 ik )t

cpefly cyiflecTBOBaHM5i TexcTa. 3 t o KOMMyHMKam BHoe

n p o c rp a H C T B O , npeflCTaB/isiKDLuee c o 6 o m c / i o > k h o

opraHM30B3HHyK), BHyTpeHHe npoTMBopeHMByx) CMCTeMy CMCTeM COCTaBJ151K)U4MX - «BHyTpeHHMX» (XOMMyHMK3HTbl, n p o u e c c b i B e p 6 a / i M 3 a u M M m n o HMMa HMf l , A3biKM (ecTecTBeHHbie m f lp y rn e A3biKM xy/ibTypb i), TexcTbi, 06CT05 I Te / l bCTBa aKTOB p e He - KOM MyHMKaTMBHOM AesiTe/ibHOCTM, npaxTMHecxMe ue/iM, KOMMyHMxaTMBHbie ue/iM) m «BHeiiiHMx» (xy/ibTypa, npMpofla, couMa/ibHaa ccjDepa). Kawflaa M3 cocraB/iflKDLUMx o6pa3yeT Boxpyr ce6a c b o k ) npocTpaHCTBeHHyx) ccjDepy. C /ie flO B aTe /ibH O , CyifleCTByKDT cct>epbl KOM MyHMK3HTOB, A3blKOB, ue/ieki, npMpoflbi m np. KoMMyHMxaTMBHoe npocrpaHCTBO xax ue/ioe npeflcraB/iaeT co6om CMCTeMy cmctcm.

Pa CCMOTpe HMe TeKCTa B KOM MyHMKaTMBHOM npocTpaHCTBe - nyTb, no3BO/isHOLUMM mHTerpaTM b h o

npeflCTaBMTb TexcT b ero «>km3hm». M m o h h o 3 t o t nyTb COOTBeTCTByeT OCHOBHbIM HanpaB/ieHMflM P33BMTM51 TeopMMTexcTa b Haiue BpeM5i.

riOCTM>KeHMe «>KM3HM» TeKCTa KaK Ba>KHeMliia5l 3a fla n a coepeMeHHOM TeopMM TeKCTa. Ec/ im BepHO, h to

«>km 3hb 3 t o M3MeHeHMe» [KapaceB 1 9 9 6 , c. 6 3 ] , t o

c/iOBOCoeflMeHMe «>KM3Hb TexcTa», Bocxoflaiuee x M.M. EaXTMHy, fl/ lfl COBpeMeHHOM HayKM He AB/ l f leTCfl HeO>KMflaHHblM. TeKCT H3XOflMTCfl B IIOCTOflHHOM M3MeHeHMM.

«>Kn3Hb» TexcTa - 3to ero n3MeHem/m b npouecce ero cyiuecrBOBaHi/m b KOMMyHMxaTHBHOM npocTpaHCTBe.

l/l3MeHeHH5i TexcTa o n p e fle /ia iO T C fl BceMM cocTa b/i 9\ x) u\ n m m M a x p o - m m n x p o c p e f lb i , nx B3anMOflencTBneM. npn n3yneHnn «>xn3Hn» TexcTa 3Tn cocTa b/i 9\ x)iune n nx B3anMOfleMCTBMfl BbiCTynax)T b xanecTBe cjDaxTopoB M3MeHeHi/m TexcTa.

n p n B e fle M H e c xo /ib x o n /i/ix )C T p a u n n .

flencTBne (paKropa Ky/ibrypbi bmaho n3 conocTaB/ieHns ctDpameiHTOB TexcTa opnrnHa/ia (paccxa3 B.M. LUyxiunHa «HyflnK») n nepeBOflOB Ha aMepnxaHCxnn n 6pnTaHCxnn BapnaHTbi aHr/inncxoro sBbixa. no flaHHbiM fO.B. 0>KMeroBon [Bacn/ieHKO, 0>KMeroBa n ap. 2007, c. 8 3 -9 5 ] , n3ynaBLuen M exaH n3M bi, flOMnHnpywDiune cjDaxTopbi n CTeneHb 3BOxaunoHHbix npeo6pa30BaHnn cy6"beKTHBHbix cmnc/iob Bbicxa3biBaHn5i xax ctDparMeHTa TexcTa, OTMenaeTCfl B/wflHMe cjDaxTopa H a u n o H a /ib H o n Ky/ibTypocneunc|)HHHOCTH KOMMyHnxaunn. HanpnMep:

— y Hero cicnep03. xopomo, y Hero Am. "He's got sclerosis, fine, hasy>Ke ceMb neT CKnep03, oah3ko hhkto had it these seven years, butHe npeAnaran eMy yxoAHTb Ha nobody's ever suggested that heneHCHK). should re tire" (Transl. by D. Givens);

Br. 7 know he's probably got hardening o f the arteries, but no one ever suggested he ought to retire" [Transl. by R. Daglish].

B pyccxoM T e x c T e Ha p e n He xopoujo He BbiC TynaeT b CBoeM nepBHHHOM 3 H an e H n n , a nM eeT ue /ibK ) n o fln ep x H yT b

ncTHHHOCTb c o o 6 iu a e M o ro c|DaxTa: =/ja, * cornaceH c 3 tm m

cpaKTOM', B TopnH H oe y n o T p e 6 /ie H H e ziexceM bi CK/iepo3 e iu e b 6 o jib iu e n C TeneH n fle M O H crp n p ye T yBepeHHOCTb roB opsuuero

c y 6 "beKTa b C B oen n p aB O T e . T p a H C /iflu i/m c y 6 "beKTHBHoro

C M b i c / i a b a M e p n x a H c x o M B a p n a H T e n e p e B o ^ a

ocyiuecTB/ifleTCfl nocpeflCTBOM npn/iaraTe/ibHoro fin e = I agree-yes m t o BBOunpyeT nepe>xnBaHne, CMe>KHoe c a b t o pcxnm 3aMbic/iOM, Torfla xax MHTepnpeTaun5i 6pnTaHCxoro CMbic/ia Bbicxa3biBaHna h o c h t cxopee BeposiTHOCTHbin xapaxTep n xoflnpyeTca nocpeflCTBOM nHoro jiexcnnecxoro cpe^CTBa - BBOflHoro MOfla/ibHoro c/iOBa p ro b a b ly = m a y b e . O flHaxo H apafly c MOfla/ibHbiM noxa3aTeneM npncyTCTByeT n aBTopn3aunoHHbin noxa3aTe/ib I know, MeTxo c|)nxcnpyK)Lunn h c t o m h u x n cnoco6 nojiyMeHna nHclDopMaunn. Taxne AB/iem/m oetflCHflXTrca cneunc|)nxon 6pnTaHCxon xoMMyHnxaTnBHon xy/ibTypbi, He flonycxax)iuen npncyTCTBna xaTeropnnHbix cy>xfleHnn, TeM 6o/iee ec/in peMb nfleT o c[}H3HMecxon Hecnoco6HOCTn n/in 6o/ie3Hn. CTa/io 6biTb, TexcTbi nepeBOflOB cymecTByxrr xax npo^yxT 3BOxaunoHHbix npeo6pa30BaHnn opnrnHa/ibHoro TexcTa - TexcTa xax o6"bexTa noHnMaHna n no/iynaxrr CTaTyc h o b w x

TexcTOB - 2a n 26, xoTopbie MoryT CTaTb o6"bexTOM 3BOxaunoHHbix npeo6pa30BaHnn b uenoMxe noc/ieflHnx, HanpnMep b c/iynae nocTaHOBxn c[}n/ibMa, cnexTax/ia n np. no 6pnTaHCX0My (aMepnxaHCxoMy) nepeBOfly.

0 a K T o p n p n p o / jb i: JinHrBncrnMecxn «0flnH n t o t >xe» TexcT, noMeiueHHbin Ha pa3Hbix HOcnTe/iflx, MO>xeT flnxTOBaTb «npaBbiM» xoMMyHnxaHTaM pa3Hbie ypoBHn caM0CT05iTe/ibH0CTn ero BoenpnaTna n noHnMaHna. Cp., HanpnMep, TexcT A.C. nyiuxnHa «5\ Bac /ix )6 n /i...», Haxoflfliunnca b co6paHnn connHeHnn no3Ta, flonycxaeT caM0CT05iTe/ibH0CTb «npaBoro» xoMMyHnxaHTa b ero fle^Te/ibHOCTn no BOcnpnsiTnx) TexcTa, B03M0>xH0CTb HeoflHOxpaTHoro o6paiueHnfl x Texcry (nepeMnTbmaHne), ncno/ib30BaHne coBOxynHOCTn BTopnMHbix, cjDOHOBbix, TexcTOB, noMeiueHHbix b TOMe connHeHnn, n flp.; t o >xe CTnxoTBopeHne, npo3ByMaBiuee Ha ayflnoHOcnTe/ie, TeM 6o/iee b ncno/iHeHnn pa3Hbix MTeuoB (HanpnMep, 0. fla/ia n

M. Ko3aKOBa), n p eB p am aeT fle^Te/ibHOCTb no BOcnpi/mTnx)

TexcT a bo M HoroM b HecaM OCTOflTe/ibHyK) (B 0 3 fle n c T B n e

r o /io c a , nH TO H aun n H T e u a ), ncK /iiO H aeT H eo flH O xp aT H o e

o 6 p a i u e H n e k n p o 3 B y H a B i u e M y T e x c r y , k b t o p h h h n m ,

CjDOHOBblM, TeKCTaM H flp. CTa/10 6blTb, TeKCT KaK o6"beKT

noHMMaHi/m (TexcT xax pea/ibHOCTb) cymecTByeT xax hobnm

TexcT-2a n hobnm tc k c t -2 6 (cue «a» n « 6 » - TpaHCcjDopMbi), t . e. n3MeHaeTCfl b npnBefleHHbix 3flecb KOMMyHHKaTHBHbix cnTyaui/mx.

P o /ib cpaKTopa H3biKa x a x ceMMOTHHecKon cn creM b i

MO>xeT 6biTb noxa3aH a Ha npnM epe KOMnxca. TexcT xoM nxca

C 0 3 f l a e T C 5 i c p e f l C T B a M M f l B y x 3 H a x o B b i x c h c t c m :

ecTecTB eH H oro fl3bixa (B ep 6a /ib H b in KOMnoHeHT T excT a) n

5i3biKa pncyH xa (nnKTorpacjDHHecKHH KOMnoHeHT T excT a) n

M M e e T C T a T y c C M e i u a H H o r o T e x c T a , y c T p o e H H o r o n o

o n p e fle /ie H H b iM Ho p M a M . n p n n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n n T e x c T a ,

c o 3flaH H o ro cpeflCTBaMM ecTecTB eH H oro fl3bixa n /in h h n x

S13blKOB (fl3blKa KHHO H f lp .) , B TeKCT KOMMKCa H3MeHfleTCfl

cjDopMa, c o fle p > x a H n e n cjDyHKUMOHa/ibHoe H a 3 H a H e H n e

TexcTa. B cpaBHeHMM c onncaH H on b npeflb iflym eM a 6 3 a u e

nponcxoflU T c/io>KHafl TpaHcejDopMaun^ TexcTa xax o O te x T a

noHMMaHM9\ (TexcTa x a x pea/ibHO CTn) n fla>xe TexcTa xax

3 a M b ic /ia ( h o b o t o T e x c T a - 1 ) . C p . , H a n p n M e p , k o m m k c n

« B o n b i u n e H a (q e > x (q b i » n o H . f l n x x e H c y , « A / i n c a b

3 a 3 e p x a /ib e » no Jl. K ap p o /i/iy n flp .

o e iu e M e T O flo /io rn H e c K n M yc /iO B n eM n c a ie flO B a H i/m

«>xn3H n» TexcTa B b ic ry n a e T no H H M aH ne TexcT a b p y c /ie

nflen coBpeM eHHoro 3Tana cncTeM Horo n o flxo fla n Ha ocHOBe

npHHUHna KOMMyHMKaTMBHOCTM.

OHTO/iornHecKoe yc/iOBne peweHMfl flaHHon 3aflaHn: TexcT paccMaTpnBaeTC5i b e r o c y m e c T B O B a H n n b

KOMMyHnxaTnBHOM npocTpaHCTBe. Mcc/ieflOBaHne TexcTa b

KOMMyHnKamBHOM npocTpaHCTBe npe f l no / i a raeT o p n e H T n p o B a H H O C T b Te xc Ta OTHOcnTe/ i bHO xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro npocTpaHCTBa, n Hao6opoT. Cp.: «...noHnTne npocTpaHCTBa npn3BaHO Opoci/iTb ziyn CBeTa Ha Apyrne Ba>xHbie xoHcrpyx™ (Bxnx)Han n TexcT)» [TonopoB 1983, c. 228]. fl/in ncc/ieAOBaHi/m OAHHaxoBO 3HannMbi xax OTHOiueHnn n B3anMOAencTBnn TexcTa n npocTpaHCTBa (cTpyxTypHOCTb npocTpaHCTBa), Tax n MecTO n no/io>xeHne TexcTa b npocTpaHCTBe (npoTn>xeHHOCTb npocTpaHCTBa). Oco6an po/ib b 3 to h cncTeMe cncTeM npnHaA/ie>xnT Homo Loquens xax eAHHCTBy roBopnmero (nm uyiA ero ) n c/iyiuax)LAero (HHTax)LAero).

1 /lc c /ie A O B a H n e c y m e c T B O B a H H n T e x c T a 0 3 H a H a e T

paccM O Tp eH ne e ro cyiuecTB O B aH nn b xoM M yHnxaTnBHO M

npocTpaHCTBe xax cncTeM e cncTeM, 3aAaBaeMbix xax<Aon n3

c o c T a B / i n x ) L A n x x o m M y H n x a T n B H o r o n p o c T p a H C T B a .

C y m e c T B O B a H M e r e K c r a — 3 t o c o c T o n H n e e r o

3 a B e p i u e H H O C T n / H e 3 a B e p n i e H h o c t u , o t x p w t o c t h /

3aMXHyTOCTn, CTa6n/ibHOCTn / TexynecTn . TexcT BbiCTynaeT

x a x c jio>xH bm 3 H a x ( 3 H a x o B a n n o c /ie A O B a T e /ib H O C T b ),

OT/inHax)LAnncn OecxoHeHHon A/iHTe/ibHOCTbX), Bx/ix)Hax)LAen

He T o /ib x o H a c T o n m e e , h o n n p o w / i o e n O y A y m e e , n

cyiuecTB yeT x a x O ecxoHeHHan 3H axoB an TpaHcejDopMaunn,

CMbicn xoTopon (TpaHcejDopMaunn) 3aA aeT xoMMyHnxaTnBHoe

npocTpaHCTBO n BpeMn.

B X O M M y H H X a T H B H O M n p O C T p a H C T B e T e x c T b i

cymecTByK)T b TexcTOBbix coBOxynHOcrnx - b oOteAHHeHi/m x

TexcTOB, o6"bexTHBHO B03Hnxax)LAnx n pacnaAax)LAnxcn b

n p o u e c c e pa3BH Tnn xo M M yH n xaT n B H o ro npocTpaHCTBa n

oco 3H aB aeM b ix Homo Loquens x a x aB T opo M , ^ m a r e n e M

(c n y w a T e /ie M ), c|)HJio/iornHecxn o6pa30BaHHbiM Hi/iTaTe/ieM

(c n y w a T a /ie M ), cneuna/incTOM-c|Dn/io/ioroM n AP-, coqnyMOM

b uenoM . B XHnre T.H. B acn/ieH xo [B acn /ieH xo 2008, c. 8]

pa3/ i i /maK)TCf l TexcTOBbie coBOKynHOCTM xa x obiueceMMOTMMecxMM, x y j i b T y p o j i o r i /m e c x i /m n /IMHrBMCTMMeCXMM oOteXT. C n03MI4MM XOMMyHMXaTMBHOrO noflxofla reKCTOBan coBOKynHOCTb npeflcraB/meT co6omflMHaMMMeCXMM /IMHrBMCTMMeCXMM ObteXT, flB/lflX)LUMMCfl npOflyXTOM nOpO>XfleHM51, nOHMMaHMfl M Ct}yHXI4MOHMpOBaHM51 TeXCTOB B XOMMyHMXaTMBHOM npOCTpaHCTBe. Pa3/lMMaeTCfl rehtepanbHan coBOKynpocrb rexcra xax Becb MaccMB TeXCTOB, CymeCTByK)LJ4MX B COUMyMe B TOT M/1M MHOM MOMeHT ero pa3BMTM5i, m vacTHbie coBOxynHOCTM TexcTOB xax obteflMHeHMfl TexcTOB no xaxoMy-/in6o ocHOBaHMX) (Texc™ aBTopa; TexcTbi Ha TeMy o /ix )6 b m ; TexcTbi, CBA3aHHbie MHTepTexcTya/ibHOM CBA3bX) c HexMM onpefle/ieHHbiM TexcTOM; TexcTbi o f lHoro a h n m np. ) . TexcTOBaa c o B O x y n H O C T b c y u e c T B y e T b H e x o e M xy/ibTypHO-npMpoflHO-couMa/ibHOM «o6/iaxe» M3 TexcTOB b

obmeceMMOTMMecxoM n xy/ibTypo/iornnecxnM CMbic/iax - MMCjDO-pMTya/lbHblX, M306pa3MTe/lbHblX, My3blXa/lbHblX, noBefleHMecxMx m ap. Cp.: «noflo6HO TOMy, xax OTfle/ibHbin 3Hax ziMiueH eflMHMMHoro cymecTBOBaHM5i - eMy HeoOxoflMM flpyroM, TexcTy HeoOxoflMMbi apyrne TexcTbi...» [JloTMaH 2002, c. 2 0 2 -2 0 7 ]. TexcroBaa coBOxynHOCTb npeflcraB/meT co6om rnbxoe, flMHaMMMHoe, MHoroMepHoe o6pa30BaHMe m

M/ieHMTCfl no pa3/iMMHbiM MacTHbiM 0CH0BaHM5iM: Boxpyr oflHoro TexcTa, Boxpyr TexcTOB, npnHafl/iewaiunx oflHOMy roBopsuueMy m/m/im c/iyujax)LueMy, 3noxe, / ix )6 o m m3

cocTaB/mx)U4nx xoMMyHMxaTMBHoro npocTpaHCTBa B eroP33BMTMM M np.

B n p e ^ e / i a x T e x c T O B o n c o B O x ynH O C TM TexcT bi

HaXOflflTCfl B M e w re K C T O B b lX OTHOLUeHMflX. B paOOTe

«Me>xTexcTOBbie OTHOuieHMfl xax npo6/ieM a TeopMM TexcTa»

[HyBaxMH, ne iuxoB a 2004] npMBefleHbi HexoTopbie TMnbi

Me>XTeXCTOBblX OTHOLUeHMM: TeXCTOnOpO>XfleHM51 M

T e K C T o n o H H M a H H f l , n a p a A H T M a T n n e c x n e n

C M H T a r M a T n n e c K M e , n H T e p T e x c T y a A b H b i e n

rnnep TeK C Tya/ibH b ie , n H T ep n p eT au n o H H b ie n AP- Kax<Abin

AaHHbin KOHxpeTHbin T e x c r HaxoAnTCA b c e m OTHOiueHnn c A pyrnM n TeKcraM n.

C/io>KHOCTb TexcTOBon coBOxynHOCTn onpeAeAAeTCA

cno>XHOCTbX) c e m OTHOiueHnn n BHyTpn coBOxynHOCTn, n

Mex<Ay nacT HbiM n coBOxynHOCTAMn, n coB O xynHO CTn x

x o m My H n x a T n B H O M y n p o c T p a H C T B y . K o M M y i-m x a T n B H o e

npocTpaHCTBO b 3t o m CAynae B b icrynaeT MHorocjDaxTopHon

AeTepMkiHaHTon - «cpeA on npe/iOMJiem /m » (M.M. BaxTkiH):

« . . . E c / i n e c T b b p a c n o p A > x e H n n A a h h o n a n o x n

c x o n b x o - H n 6 y A b aB T op i/iT eT H aa n OTCTOABwaACA c p e A a

npeAOMAeHnA, t o 6yAeT rocnoACTBOBaTb ycAOBHoe c a o b o b

t o n n /in nHon pa3HOBHAHOcrn, c t o x ) n /in nHon creneH bX )

yc / iOBHOCTki . E c / i n >xe T a x o n c p e A b i H e T , t o 6 y A e T

rocnoACTBOBaTb pa3H O H anpaB /ieH H oe AByroAOCoe c a o b o ...

h a h o c o 6 b i n T u n n o n y y c n o B H o r o , n o A y n p o H n n e c x o r o

CAOBa.. . K y A b T y p H o e c a o b o - n p e A O M A e H H o e c x B 0 3 b

aBTopnTeTHyx) OTCTOABuiyxjCA cpeAy c a o b o .

K axoe c a o b o AOMnHnpyeT b AamnyK) ano xy b AarnnoM

H a n p a B A e H n n , x a x n e cym ecT B yx)T cjDopMbi npeAOMAeHnA

CAOBa, h t o CAy>xnT cpeAOX) n p e A O M A e H n A ? - Bee 3 t h

Bonpocbi nM ex)T nepBOCTeneHHoe 3H aneH ne a a a n3yneHHA

xyA O >xecTB eH H oro CAOBa» [B axTkiH 1994, c. 418-419]. Cyx<AeHne M.M. BaxTnHa 3HannMO n a a a o 6 A a c rn TexcTOB

HexyAO>xecTBeHHbix.

T e x c T O B b i e c o B O x y n H O C T n o 6 A a A a x ) T H e > x e c rx o n

o p ra H H 3 a u n e n , c B03M0>xHbiM n3M eHeHneM CTaTyca TexcTa

B H y T p n c o B O x y n H O C T n , n e p e M e m e H n A M n n3 O A H o n

c o B O x y n H O C T n b A p y r y x ) , n o A B A e H n e M h o b n x n A n

axTyaA n 3aun en CTapbix TexcTOB, yxoAOM OTAeAbHbix TexcTOB

B HMC/10 H eB 0 C T p e 6 0 BaHHblX B TOT MJIM MHOM MOMeHT

P33BMTM51 COflMyMa, CO CJ10>KHblMM OTHOLUeHMflMM Me>Kfly

TeKCTaMM B JlMHTBMCTMHeCKOM nOHMMaHMM M TeKCTaMM B

o6iueceMMOTMHecKOM CMbic/ie m t . a .

l / l 3 y H e H M e « > k m 3 h m » T e x c T a n p e f l n o / i a r a e T

p a c c M O T p e H M e e r o b O T H O L u e H M M k y h a c t h mx a m

KOMMyHMKauMM, onM caHM e 3H a x o B o ro x a p a x T e p a T ex c T a ,

M3yneHMe e ro b otholuohm m k fleMCTBMTe/ibHOCTM m ApyrMM

TexcTaM . l/l3/io>KeHMe TeopMM TexcTa b a ^ h h o m yne6HO M

noco6MM seixeTcn b paM xax H33B3HHbix acnexTOB.

BblBOflbl

1. Be9\ mctopma M3yneHM5i TexcTa CBMfleTe/ibCTByeT o

e ro CTpeM/ieHMM BbipBaTbca M3 n /ieH a M fleo/iom M « c y ry 6 o n »

( B H y T p e H H e f i ) j i m h t b m c t m k m , n p M o 6 p e c T M C T a T y c

Me>KAMCUMn/lMHapHOrO JlMHTBMCTMHeCKOrO o6"beKTa.

2 . « C O B p e M e H H 3 5 1 J l M H T B M C T M K a T e x c T a

KOMMyHMxaTMBHa no CBoeMy c y iu ecT B y» , - n n c a /i b 1 9 8 4

r o f ly T .B . Ko/ iLuaHCXMM [ K o / i w a H C X M M 1 9 8 4 , c. 1 2 2 ] .

KoMMyHMxaTMBHOCTb j im h t b m c t m k m T e x c T a , npoAOJi>xaeT

U M T M p y e M b i M a b t o p , « 3 a c T a B / i a e T O T x a 3 a T b C f l o t

T p a f l M U M O H H O M m 3 o j i a u m m A 3 b i x a x a x n p e f l M e T a

y3KOJlMHrBMCTMHeCKOrO OnMCaHM5l» [Ko/iiuaHCKMM 1 9 8 4 , c.

1 2 2 -1 2 3 ] . 3Ta oueH xa He y c ra p e /ia m b H acro fliu ee BpeM5i -

npn yC/lOBMM nOHMM3HM51 Toro 0 6 CT0 flTe/lbCTBa, h to m caMa

Hayxa o t\3bixe b H an a/ie X X I b. bo MHoroM y>xe MHan, neM,

cxa>xeM, b 8 0 -e roflbi XX b.

3 . TexcT xax npeflM eT TeopMM TexcTa, BbicrpaMBaeMOM

Ha o c H O B e c o n p a w e H M f l o 6 i f l e H a y H H o r o n p M H U M n a

C M C T e M h o c t m m c n e u M a j i b H O H a y n h o t o n p M H U M n a

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOCTM, npeflCTaB/lfleT C0 6 0 M KOMMyHMKdTMBHO

HanpaB/ieHHbiM m npamaTi/mecKi/i 3Ham/iMbiM c/io>KHbiM 3H3K

/IMHTBMCTMêCKOM npnpO/Jbl, penpe3eHTMpyHDmHH yvaCTHMKOB KOMMyHMKaTHBHOm aKTa B TeKCTOBOM JIH HOCTMHomo Loquens, o6na/jaHDLpnn npn3HaKaMM 3B0Katmbhoctm nCMTyaTMBHOCTM, MeXdHM3M CyLljeCTBOBaHKOTOpOTO 6a3npyeTcn Ha bo3mo>khocthx ero kommyHMKatmbhom TpaHCfpopMnpyeMOCTM.

4. T/iaBHon 3aflaHen Teopnn TexcTa Ha coBpeMeHHOM 3Tane ee pa3BHTna AB/iaeTCfl ncc/ieflOBaHMe « > k m 3 h h »

TeKCTa. < <XM3Hb> > TeKCTa - 3 TO ero M3MeHeHMH B npouecce ero cymecTBOBaHnn b KOMMyHMKarMBHOM npocrpaHCTBe.

5. l / l3 y H e H M e T e x c T a H a o c H O B e c o n p a w e H M f l

o 6 lu e H a y H h o t o n p n H u n n a c n c T e M h o c t h n

c n e u n a / ib H O H a y H H o r o n p n H u n n a k o m M y H n x a T n B h o c th

B b i f lB M H y / io p 9 \i\ K a T e r o p n n ( k o m M y H M x a T H B H a s i

TpaHCCjDO pM HpyeM O CTb, C H TyaTH B H O C Tb, 3B 0 X a T H B H 0 C T b ,

K O M M yH H xaTH B H asi H a n p a B /ie H H O C T b n n p a m a T H H e c K a f l

3H aH H M 0C Tb TeKCTa H f lp . ) H IIOHflTHM («>K H 3H b» TeK CTa,

T e x c T O B a a c o B O x y n H O C T b , c y m e c T B O B a H n e T e x c T a ,

KOMMyHMxaTHBHoe npocTpaHCTBO TexcTa n f lp . ) , n p n M e H eH n e

K O T o p b ix b c o b o x y n h o c t h c i" io c o 6 h o o 6 e c n e H H T b

H H TerpaTH B H oe H 3yH eH ne n p e ^ M eT a .

6 . OcHOBHbie H an p aB /ieH H 5i M3 yHeHHfl TexcTa b T e o p n n

TexcTa - TaxoBbi: TexcT b e ro O TH om eH nn k roB opsuueM y n

c /iy iu a K )L u e M y ; T e x c T x a x c j i o k h w h 3 H a x ; T e x c T b e r o

OTHOLLieHMM K fleHCTBHTe/lbHOCTH H flp yrH M TeKCTaM.

Bonpocbi n 3aflaHnn1. K a x n e H ên xnaccnH ecK on p h t o p h k h n c|)HJio/iorMM b

n e p B O H a H a / ib H b in n e p n o f l n x p a 3 B m t h a O K a 3 a / in c b

C ym eC TB eH H blM H C K /ia flb lB aH M fl H pa3BHTH51 T e o p H H

T e x c T a b c e p . XIX-XX b b .? C c |D o p M y/in p yn T e Ba>KHeHLune

pe3y/ibTaTbi, no/iyHem-ibie Teopnen TexcTa nofl B/ii/mi-meM Ha3BaHHbix nên? Bonpexn mm?

2. Kaxne MMny/ibCbi fl/ia pa3BHTn^ npeflcraB/iei-mn o TexcTe, Ha Baiu B3r/isifl, coflep>xaTCfl b Tpyaax M.M. BaxTnHa? P. Bapia? fO.M. JlOTMaHa? Y. 3xo? Kaxne n3 nên Ha3BaHHbix a b to po b He / c /ia6o ncno/ib30BaHbi b coBpeMeHHon Hayxe o Texcre?

3. noMeMy pa3BnTne Teopnn TexcTa HaxoflnTca nofl snv\9\Hv\eM pa3BnTm TexcTOBon xoMMyHnxaunn? npnBeflnTe npnMepbi.

4. C o c T a B b T e n e p e M e H b x a T e r o p n n T e x c T a , 3a/io>xeHHbix b ero onpeae/ieHnn. BbmeflnTe nx. flanTe nM

onpefle/ieHne.

5. Kax coothocatcsi npn3Haxn TexcTa, coflepwamnecfl b onpefle/ieHnax TexcTa, npefl/io>xeHHbix I/I.P. Ta/ibnepnHbiM n flaHHbiM noco6neM?

6. CocTaBbTe nepeMeHb noHsrrnn, ncno/ib30BaHHbix npn paccMOTpeHnn «>xn3Hn» TexcTa. BbiBe^nTe nx. flanTe nM onpefleneHne.

7. H to Taxoe xoMMyHnxaTHBHbin 6/iox? Kax cooTHOcnTca noH^Tne xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro 6/ioxa c noHsrrneM TexcTa? C noHsm/mMn c/io>xHoro cnHTaxcnMecxoro ue/ioro? flna/iornMecxoro eflHHCTBa? A63aua?

8. Hpoflon>xnTe HanaTbin b noc/ie^HeM pa3fle/ie n. 1.2 nepeMeHb c|DaxTopoB H3MeHeHnsi TexcTa. HpnBeflnTe n/i/ixxrrpaunn. EcTb /in c|DaxTbi, npoTHBopeMaiune Te3ncy o tom , mto TexcT HaxoflHTca b « bemho m flBn>xeHHH»? l/lHTepnpeTauna TexcTa - 3to TO>xe n3MeHeHne TexcTa?

9. npnB eflnTe c|DaxTbi, CBHfleTe/ibCTByx/mne o AnHaMnMHOCTn Me>xTexcTOBbix OTHOiueHnn b TexcTOBon

co B O K yrm o cTH ? n p e flJ io > K n T e o O ta c H e H n s i n p n B e a e H H b iM

cjDaKTaM. n o c T p o n T e r n n o T e 3 y o c r p y K T y p e T e x c T O B o n

COBOXynHOCTM.

10. Ec/in cymecTBOBaHMe reKcra — 3to cocTO^Hne ero 3aBepiueHHOCTn / He3aBepnieHhoctu, o tk p n to c tu / 3aMXHyTOCTn, craOn/ibHOcrn / Texynecm, to He 03HanaeT /in 3to «yTpaTbi» TexcTa xax TaxoBoro? Kax Tnna? Kax cjDeHOMeHa?

11. C y iu e c T B y e T / in T e x c T B H e K O M M y H n x a T n B H o ro

npocTpaHCTBa? Ec/in f la , t o oO tsiC H nTe, n o n e M y b yneOHOM

n o c o O n n n ^ e T p e H b T o / ib x o o K O M M y H n x a T n B H O M

npocTpaHCTBe.

fsiaBa 2

TEKCTB ETO OTHOIUEHIM K YHACTHMKAM

KOMMyHMKAUIIII2 .1 . V \ 3 MCTopmi M3yHeHMfl TeKcra b

ero OTHOuieHHii k ynacTHMKaM KOMMyHMKaUMM

CncTeMa r o B o p x iu M M - r e K c r - c / i y iu a io u iM H bp M T o p M K e . 06"beKTOM p n T o p n x n n p n 3 HaeTCA peH b. C OAHon

C T o p o H b i , T e x c T o u e H k i B a e T C A x a x c p e A C T B O

B O cn p o n 3 BeAeHHA ( 3 B O u n p o B a H n A ) n p o u e c c a y 6 e>xAeHHA.

T a x o n n o A x o A n p e A n o / ia r a e T o n n c a H n e p n T o p n H e c x o ro

T e x c T a b B nA e M O A enn y 6 ex<Aax)LAen x o M M y H n x a u n n . C A p y ro n c ro p o H b i, T e x c T p a c c M a ip n B a e T C A x a x p e 3 y /ib T a T

p e a n n 3 a u n n x o r H n m B H o n M O A e n n y 6 e x < A a x ) L A e n

x o M M y H n x a u n n . CyiA H O C Tb A a m n o ro n o A x o A a O T p a> xaeT

n A eopeH eB on un xA . Bo3mo>xho o n n c a H n e TexcTa x a x OAHoro

n3 xoM noHeHTO B p n T o p n H e c x o n M OAenn x o M M y H n x a m B H o n

AeATeAbHOcm.

UeHTpaAbHon xaieropnen ABAAeTCA 3c|Dc|)exTnBHOCTb. flaHHaA xaieropnA nHTerpaAbHO onncbiBaeT pnTopnHecxyx) cyiAHOCTb xoMMyHnxaunn: xax Hayxy 06 3c|Dc|)exTnBHon y6e>xAax)LAen peun (T.B . MaTBeeBa); xax Teopnx) n

i / ic k y c c tb o 3c[DctDeKTMBH0M (u e jie c o o 6 p a 3 H O M , B03fleMCTByi0LueM, rapMOHM3npyiOLueM) peMM (A .K . MMxa/ibcxaa); xax o6 iuee yneHMe o ue/iecoo6pa3HOM nocTpoeHMM peMM, MCcneflOBaHMM HopM m npaBi/m peneBoro o6meHM5i, peneBoro noBeaeHMfl (H.A. Mnno/ii/iTOBa); xax M3yMeHne cneuMc|DMXM peneBoro obiueHMa: opraHM3aun5i npaBM/ibHOM peMM, om/icam/ie cneuMc|DMXM cocraB/miOLUMx XOMnOHeHTOB peMeBOM XOMMyHMXaUMM M OTfle/lbHbIX CjDOpM peMM (B.H AHHyiuxMH); cnoco6bi peuieHMfl CTM/ieBOM 3aflam/i (KD.B. Po>xflecTBeHCXMM).

K/iaCCMC|DMXai4M5l pMTOpMMeCXMX TeXCTOB OCHOBblBaeTC5l Ha y3XOM M LUMpOXOM nOHMMaHMM npeflMeTa PMTOPMXM. Ctopohhmxm y3xoro noflxofla npM3Hax)T, mto pnTopnxa M3yHaeT nacTb obtexTOB xpyroobopoTa peMM. TaxMM 06pa30M , pMTOpMMeCXMe TexcTbi OT/1 M M a 10 TCfl OT HepMTopMMecxMx no oflHOMy m/im HecxonbXMM npM3HaxaM: 0 C 03H a H H OCTb / H e 0 CO 3 Ha H H 0 CTb p e M M , apryMeHTMpoBaHHOCTb / HeapryMeHTMpoBaHHOCTb, xyflo>xecTBeHHOCTb / Hexyflo>xecTBeHHOCTb, npo3aMMHOCTb / n03TMMH0CTb, ny6/lMMH0CTb / Heny6/lMMH0CTb, yCTHOCTb / nMCbMeHHOCTb. IllMpOXMM nOflXOfl 03HaMaeT, MTO pMTOpMXa Bx/iiOMaeT Bee obtexTbi xpyroobopoTa peMM.

PeneBaa xo m MyHMxauM5i npeflCTaB/iaeT co6 om fle^Te/ibHOCTb no obMeHy MHcjDopMauMeM, ocyiuecTB/meMyx)M 5l3blXOBblMM, M He513bl XOBbl M M (MMMMX3, >XeCTbl,TaHueBa/ibHbie flBM>xeHM5i, 3Haxm hot3umm m flp .) cpeflCTBaMM. TpaflMUMOHHaa pMTopMxa npeflno/iaraeT XnaCCMC|DMXai4MI0 TexcTOB Ha OCHOBaHMM flMa/lOrMMHOCTM /moho/iotmmhoctm (HanpMMep, beceaa, jiexuMfl, cnop, flMCXyCCMfl M flp .). HeopMTOpMMeCXa5l X/iaCCMC|DMXai4M5l TeXCTOB OCHOBblBaeTCfl Ha MHTerpaUMM A3blX0BblX M Hefl3blXOBbIX CnOCObOB flOCTM>XeHM51 3Cf)C[}eXTMBH0CTM

(H an p n M ep , npe3eHTai4i/m , 6pMc|DMHr, co 6 p a H n e , o t h c t m

t . fl-)-

CMCTeMa roBopxiuM M - re K c r - c n y in a to m n ii bre p M e H e s T M K e . TepMeHeBTMKa aap o fln /iacb bo BpeMeHa

a h tm h h o c tm b BM fle 3 K 3 e r e 3 b i , K o r f l a n o f lB M J ia c b

n O T p e 6H O C Tb B TOJIKOBaHMM p e ^ M rM 0 3 H b lX TeKCTOB.

TepMeHeBTMKa n p e a n o / i a r a e T M3yneHMe cnoco6HOCTM

Cy6"beKTa KOMMyHMKaUMM K fleKOflMpOBaHMKD 3H3KOB

o6bifleHHoro si3biKa, Tax KaK TeKCT 3aKpen/iaeT b si3biKOBbix

cjDopMax MOfle/ib OTHOLuem/m fleMCTBMTe/ibHOCTM, TOMHee

3aKpen/i5ieT ocBoeHMe ee ne/ioBeKOM. 1/lMeHHO b Texcre, a He

b 5i3 bikobom CMCTeMe o n p e f l M e n e H a H e / io B e n e c K a f l

cy6'beKTMBHOCTb. n o r . r . BorMHy, TeKCT BbiCTynaeT KaK

o n p e f l M e H e H H a ^ c y B t e K T M B H O C T b , b c m c tc m e e r o

MaTepna/ibHbix cpeflCTB ycMaipnBaK)TC5i onpeflMeneHHbie

pea/lbHOCTM C03HaHMfl, CJ10>KMBLU MeCSI B fleflTe/lbHOCTM

H e / i o B e K a c y B t e K T M B H b i e p e a / i b H O C T M , C M b ic / ib i ,

KOppe/151TMBHbie CO CpeflCTBaMM TeKCTa. UeHTpa/lbHOM

KaieropneM repMeHeBTMKM AB/iaeTCfl noHMMaHMe, TaK KaK

noHMMaHkie TeKCTa ecTb o6paiueHMe onbiTa He/iOBexa Ha

TeKCT c ue/ibio ocBoeHi/m ero coflepwaTe/ibHocm.

CymecTByjOT pa3Hbie TeHêHUMM b onncaHnn npouecca noHMMaHM9\. TaK, noHMMaHi/ie TeKCTa KaK MHcjDopMauMOHHoro

npouecca CBSBaHO c nepeaaneM cyBteKTMBHbix pea/ibHOcreM oflHoro He/ioBeKa flpyroMy. TaKi/iM o6pa30M, noHMMaHMe paccMaTpnBaeTC5i He KaK cnoco6HOCTb He/iOBexa, a KaK noTeHuna A3biKOBOM cm CTem bi ( c m . , HanpMMep, BMTreHiuTeMH, ToflopoB). J1kd6om t c k c t TpaKTyeTC5i KaK eflMHbIM 3H3K 0C060r0 MMpa. Be9\ fleflTe/lbHOCTb noHMMaHM9\ paccMaTpMBaeTca KaK npocToe flexoflMpoBaHMe b paMKax «rpaMMaTMKM noBecTBOBaHM5i». OM/iococ[DCKa repMeHeBTMKa CHMTaeT, HTO K 06"beKTMBH0CTM B nOHMMaHMM He/lb3fl BblMTM noTOMy, h to ecTb «flyiua». 3Ta «flyiua» m fle/iaeT BCflKoe

noHHMai-me j inujb noHnMaHneM co6cTBeHHon cy6"beKTHBH0CTn He/iOBenecKoro HHflHBHfla. no raflaMepy, noHMMaHne Hnxonqa He MO>xeT coBnacTb hh c 3aMbic/iOM aBTopa TexcTa, hh c nepBOHana/ibHbiM noHnMaHneM TexcTa coBpeMeHHnxaMn.

Tnnbi noHMMaHne TexcTa HOMHHa/ibHO coBnaflaxrr c TnnaMn noHHMaHna /ix)6oro TexcTa (BK/ix)Hafl n TexcTbi HeBep6a/ibHbie). flaHHaa K/iaccnc|}HKai4Hfl onepnpyeT n e p a p x n e n pacno / i o>xeHv\t\ TunoB noHnMaHna : ceMaHTH3npyK)iuee noHHMaHne, KomnTHBHoe noHHMaHne, CMbic/iOBoe («c[}eHOMeHO/iornHecKoe») noHHMaHne [Boi~hh 1982, c. 53].

CMCTeMa roBopxiuM M - re K c r - cnyuiatom PiH bncnxo/inHTBncTnKe. ncnxojiornnecKoe HanpaB/ieHne b 5i3biK03HaHnn ccjDopMnpoBa/iocb b cepeflnHe XIX b . Ochobhnm nocTy/iaTOM, noc/iy>xnBLUnM 6a3on fl/ia pa3Bi/rn/m ncnxojiornnecKHx nflen, CTa/io a6cTpaxTHoe o6paiueHne k MHflnBnflyyMy n pea/in3aunn b penn n fl3bixe Toro, hto cennac npnHsrro Ha3biBaTb He/iOBenecKHM cjDaKTopoM.

B nnc/ie nponnx Teopnn n Hayx ncnxo/iornnecKoro HanpaB/ieHna oxa3a/iacb ncnxo/inHrBncmxa, KOTopaa Tax>xe paccMaTpnBa/ia OTHOiueHne Me>xfly A3biKOM n roBopaiunM He/iOBexoM, B/inflHne couna/ibHbix cjDaxTopoB Ha 5i3bix n penb, flHHaMHHecxyK) cocTaBJiflXJinyx) peHenpon3BOflCTBa. npn 3tom Heo6xoflnMO noflnepxHyTb, hto oBtexT flaHHon Hayxn coothochm c flpyrnMn «peHeBeflHecxnMn HayxaMn». 3 to «coBOxynHOCTb peneBbix co6biTnn n/in peneBbix c n T y a u n n » [ J l eoHTbeB 199 9 , c. 16 ] . np e f l Me T ncnxo/iHHrBHCTHKH H3MeHfl/icfl co BpeMeHeM. Ec/in b 60-e roflbi XX b. H. Ocryfl onpefle/iaeT, hto ncnxo/inHrBncTnxa «...3aHHMaeTca b LunpoxoM CMbic/ie cootholueHneM coo6meHnn n xapaxTepncTnx He/iOBeHecxnx HHflHBHflOB,

npoBO flfliuM x ki no/iyHaiOLflkix 3 tm coo6 iueH k ifl, t . e. ncHxojiMHrBMCTMKa ecTb Hayxa o npoueccax xoflkipoBaHkm ki fleKO flkipO BaH klfl B kl H fl kl B kl f ly a J1 b H bl X y H 3 CTH kl K3X KOMMyHMKaunM» (u i/ it . no: [JleoHTbeB 1999, c. 17]), t o b

90-x ro f la x A .A . J leoH TbeB n m u e T : «npe f lM eTO M nCMXO/lMHrBMCTMKM AB/lfleTCfl COOTHOLUeHkie J1MHHOCTM CO crpyKTypoki ki ctDyHKUkieki peHeBOki fleflTe/ibHOcm, c oahom

CTopoHbi, ki 5i3biKOM xax r/iaBHOki «o6pa3yiOLfleki» o6pa3a m ki pa, c f lpyroM» [JleoHTbeB 1999, c. 19]. ll03T0M y u e H T p a / i b H O M , f l o m ki h ki p y kd la e ki x a T e r o p k i e k i nckixonkiHrBkiCTkiKki flB/iaeTCfl K are ropnn /jefire/ibHOCTM. 1/lMeHHO nosTOMy nckixo/ikiHrBkiCTkiKa b OTeHecTBeHHOki cjoki/ionorkiki Ha3biBaeTC5i Teopkieki peHeBOki fleflTe/ibHOcm.

B TeneHk ie B c e ro BpeMeHki cymecTBOBaHki f l nckixo/ikiHrBkiCTkiKki ee npeflcraBkiTe/iki nbiTa/ikicb 0Tpa3kiTb npouecc peHenpoki3BOflCTBa c noMOiflbio pa3/ikiHHbix MOfleneM. TeM He MeHee, MMeHHO Texcr oxa3biBaeTCfl b

ueHTpe BHkiMaHkin coBpeMeHHbix nckixo/ikiHrBkicroB. Oahmm ki3 nepBbix o Heo6xoflkiMOCTki ki3yHeHkm TexcTa c no3kiukiki nckixo/iorkiki 3aflBkm Jl.C. BbiroTCKkiki: «Be3 cneukia/ibHoro nckixojiorkiHecxoro kicc/ieflOBaHkm Mbi Hkixorfla He nokiMeM, xaxkie 3axoHbi ynpaB/ifliOT HyBCTBaMki b xyflo>xecTBeHHOM npoki3BefleHkiki, ki pkicxyeM bcakh m pa3 BnacTb b caMbie rpy6bie 0LUki6xki» [BbiroTCKkiki 1998, c. 27].

3 t o no/io>xeHkie 6bmo pa3BepHyT0 b pa6oTax A.P. Jlypkiki. Oh npefl/io>KkiJi c/ieflyiOLflyio MOfle/ib npouecca «c[}opMyjikipoBaHki5i» Bbicxa3biBaHkm: 1 ) motmb; 2 ) o6iflkiki 3aM bice/i; 3) c|DopMkipoBaHkie CBepHyToro peHeBoro Bbicxa3biBaHkm; 4) CTaflkia BHyTpeHHeki pem /i; 5) pa3BepTbiBaHkie ee b pa3BepHyToe peneBoe Bbicxa3biBaHkie, ormpaiOLflerocfl Ha noBepxHOCTHO-peneByio CTpyKTypy [ U y p m 1 9 9 8 ] .

3Ta MOfle/ib nopo>KfleHH5i pem/i n30Mopc|)Ha noHUMaHMK): « . . . b ocHOBe BOcnpi/mTHfl pem/i zie>KaT npoueccbi, no xpanHen Mepe, MacTMMHO BOcnpon3BOAfliAne npoueccbi ee nopo>xAeHHfl» [JleoHTbeB 1999, c. 70]. A.P. Jlypi/m npouecc BOcnpi/mTi/m onncbiBaeT c/ieAyK)LAHM o6pa30M: « 3 t o t npouecc HaMHHaeTC5i c BOcnpi/mTi/m BHeiuHen, pa3BepHyTon penn, 3aieM nepexoflUT b

noHUMaHne oOiuero 3HaêHnn Bbicxa3biBam/m (t . h . aHa/in3 Mepe3 cnHTe3. - HD.3.), a fla/iee - m b noHUMaHne no/jreKcra 3 t o ro BbiCKa3biBai-mfl» [Jlypna 1 9 9 8 , c. 2 7 7 ]. f l/ia ncc/ieAOBaTe/ia pa3fle/ieHne TexcTa n Bbicxa3biBam/m oxa3biBaeTC5i HecymecTBeHhbim. Bocnpn^Tne xax OTAe/ibHon c[}pa3bi, Tax n ue/iocm oro TexcTa cjDnxcnpyeT ABa BnâCM blC/lOBbIX OTHOLUeHMM - n O Be pXH OCTH bl M (ropn30HTa/ibHbin) n r/iy6 nHHbin (BepTnxa/ibHbin). no MHeHnx) A.P. Jlypnn, Ha ypoBHe noBepxHOcmon CTpyxTypbi pe/ieBaHTHbiMn oxa3biBax)TCfl npo6/ieMbi bjihahha cmnc/iob (t. e. npnHunn ceMamrmecxoro cor/iacoBam/m 3/ieMeHTOB Bbicxa3biBaHH5i n npo6/ieMa cbsbhocth TexcTa), BbiAe/ieHi/ie «CMbic/iOBbix 5\f\ep» c noMOiubX) aHann3a Mepe3 cnHTe3 (Bbifle/ieHne x/ix)HeBbix 3/ieMeHTOB TexcTa n onpeAe/iem/ie TeMa-peMaTnMecxon crpyxTypbi). Ha ypoBHe >xe r/iy6nHHbix CTpyxTyp c|DnxcnpyeTCfl BHyTpeHHnn cmnc/i - noATexcr. «noHHM aHne TexcTa He orpaHnHnBaeTca, oflHaxo, noHMMaHneM ziniub ero noBepxHOCTHoro 3HaneHH5i. < ...> y>xe b OTHOCMTe/ibHO npocTbix peneBbix Bbicxa3biBaHnax n/in coo6iueHH5ix Hapafly c BHeuiHnM, otxpntnm 3HaneHneM TexcTa ecTb n ero BHyTpeHHnn c m m c / i , xoTopbin o6o3HaMaeTC5i TepMnHOM noflreKCT. Oh i/iMeeTca b /ix)6bix cjDopMax Bbicxa3biBaHnn, HannHan c caMbix npocTbix n xoHMa caMbiMn c/io>XHbiMn» [Jlypnn 1998, c. 312-313]. Ilpn 3tom ncc/ieflOBaTe/ieM noAHepxnBaeTca oco6aa po/ib noflTexcTa b /inTepaTypHOM npon3BeAeHnn.

OflHaxo oco3HaHne oco6oro CTaTyca noATexcra b

xyAO>xecTBeHHOM npon3BeAeHnn He n3MeHAeT TnnoAornx) TexcTOB / penn (A.P. Jlypi/m He pa3rpaHnnnBaA TexcT n peHb). A.P. JlypnA npeAAO>xnA TnnoAornx) peneBbix npon3BeAeHnn, o c h o b h n m xpnTepneM xoTopon a b a a c t c a

cjDopMa npon3BeAeHHA - nncbMeHHaA h a h ycmaA, npnHeM nocAeAHAA MMeeT noABMAbi: MOHOAor n Aânor. Bo 3 m o >x h o ,

HeBbiAeAeHne xyAO>xecTBeHh o t o TexcTa b xanecTBe OTAeAbHoro, caMOCTOATeAbHoro Tuna CBA3aHO c Manon M3yHeHHOCTbX) a b h h o m pa3 HOBHAHOCTn penn. «3Ta npo6neMa pa3pa6oTaHa eme coBepweHHO HeAOcraTOHHO», - nncan yneHbin [JlypnA 1998, c. 319].

CoBpeMeHHbie ncnxonnHrBncTbi (H.A. 3hmhaa, A.A. JleoHTbeB, A.C. IllTepH n AP-) b ueAOM pa3AenAX)T B3rAAAbi A.P. Jlypnn. IIOHnMaHne TexcTa hmh onpeAenAeTCA xax « n o c A e A O B a T e A b H o e n 3 M e H e H n e C T p y x T y p b i, B0CC03AaBaeM0n b co3HaHnn cnTyaunn n npouecc nepeMeiAeHkiA MbicnnTenbHoro ueHTpa cnTyaunn o t OAHoro 3AeMeHTa x ApyroM y. B pe3yAbTaTe noHn MaHha ... o6pa3yeTCA HexoTopaA xapTi/ma ero o6 iAero CMbicna - xoHuenT TexcTa» [JleoHTbeB 1999, c. 141]. A.C. LLlTepH n Jl.H. Myp3HH, HanncaBUjne b coTpyAHnnecTBe XHnry «Texcr n ero BOcnpnATne», npeAAaraeT MeTOAnxy CBepTbmaHHA TexcTa Ha ocHOBaHnn xnx)neBbix c a o b . H t o xacaeTCA npo6AeMbi xnaccnc|DHxauHH TexcTOB, t o b xHnre «OcHOBbi ncnxoAMHrBMCTnxM» A.A. JleoHTbeB nnmeT: « f l A A Hac noHATne TexcTa Bxnx)naeT xax MOHonornHecxne, Tax n AnanorHHecxne TexcTbi, npnHeM n ycrHbie, n nncbMeHHbie» [JleoHTbeB 1999, c. 137].

CncTeMa roBopniuMM - re K c r — c/iyiuatoiMMM b

C THAHCTnxe. n p eA M e T O M CTHAHCTHXH ABAAeTCA CTHAb BO

B c e x A 3 b i x o B e A H e c x n x 3 H a n e H m a x b t o t o C A O B a : x a x

MHAMBMAyaAbHaA M aH epa ncnonH eH H A p e n eB b ix axTOB, x a x

0yHKunoHa/ibHbin c rn /ib peHH, xax c rn /ib fl3bixa n t . fl. B

H a c T o a iu e e BpeM5i m o >k h o ro B o p i/iT b o p a 3 /in H H b ix

H anpaB /iem /m x c t h j ih c t h k h . flecxpH nTH B H aa CTn/incTnxa

onncbm aeT Bbipa3HTe/ibHbin noTeH una/i 3/ieMeHTOB pem/i

(A .A . X n /i/i n f lp .) ; TexcTOBa^ CTn/incTnxa paccM aipnB aeT

o 6 iu n e 3aKOHOMepHOCTn onn caH km T excT a b a c n e x T e

BapnaTHBHOCTM Bbl6opa rOBOp^LUUM SBblKOBbIX cpeflCTB (Y.

XeHflpnxc n flp .); (^yHKunoHa/ibHafl CTn/incTnxa c o o t h o c h t

T e x c T n b h e T e k c t o b bi e n o f l c n c T e M b i f l 3 b i x a

(cjDyHKUMOHa/ibHbie n /in xoM M yH nxaTHB Hbie c t h j ih ) (111.

B a/i/in , A .H . Ko>k h h , B.B. O a h h u o b h f lp .); npam aTHHecKafl

C Tn/incTnxa p a c c M a ip n B a e T n cn o /ib 30B aH n e roBopsuuHM

fl3b ixa b pa3H bix ci/iTyaui/m x, onn cb iB aeT n p e fln o c b m x n

ycneiuHoro coBepweHi/m peneBbix axTOB (3 . BeHBeHHCT, r .O .

B nH O xyp n f lp . ) . U e H T p a /ib H o n x a T e ro p n e n AB/iaeTCfl K a T e ro p n a B b ip a 3 H T e /ib H O C T n , p e n p e 3 e H T n p y x )L u a f l

C n 0 C0 6 H 0 CTb 51 3 bl KOBOM e f l M H M U b l B bi p a >x a T b

f l o n o / i H M T e / i b H y x ) ( a x c n p e c c H B H O - o u e H O H H y K ) ,

3KcnpeccnBHO-3MOi4MOHa/ibHyK), (^yHKunoHa/ibHO-CTnjieByx),

K0Mn03MI4M0HHyK) H T. f l . ) MHC[}OpMai4MK).

f l a H H a 9\ K a T e r o p n a s n i A n e j H a c [ ) o p M n p o B a H n e

K /iac cn c tD M K a u n n > x a H p o B T e x c T O B b f l a H H O M a c n e x T e .

TpaflMUMOHHO, TeKCTbl K/iaCCMCtDMUMpOBa/inCb B 3aBHCHMOCTH

o t c t h j i a : H a y H H o r o , o d p n u n a / i b H O - f l e / i O B o r o ,

n y 6 nnuM CTM HecKoro n t . f l. H o n BHyTpn c th / ia TexcTbi M oryT

3H am /rre /ibH O OTJii/maTbCfl a p y r o t f lp y r a . I lo f l >xaHpoM , no

A .H . Ko>xnHy, noHUM aeTC^ «B b ifle /ifleM b in b p a M x a x T o ro n /in

m h o t o c t > y h x u n o H a / i b H o r o c t i / i / i a b h a p e H e B o r o

npon3Bef leHna, xapaKTepn3yx)U4HHC5i eflHHCTBOM K O H C T p y x T M b h o t o n p n H u n n a , C B o e o 6 p a 3 n e M

k o m n o 3 M U M O H h o m o p r a H H 3 a u n n M a T e p n a / i a n

ncn o /ib 30B aH n eM cm /iH C TH H ecK H X C TpyxTyp» [Ko>khh 1982, c. 156].

K O H C T p y K T M B H b i e C B O M C T B 3 M CTM J1 MCTM M e C X M e

0 C 0 6 e H H 0 CTM 0 X3 3 bl B 3 X) TC51 O C H O B O M > K 3 H p O B O M

KJ13CCMC[}MK3I4MM. B a C n eX T e CTM/ieo6p33yKDL14eM 3H3HMMbl

MeCTO M p o /lb XHM>XHblX MJ1M p33rO BO pHblX eflMHMLJ A3blXa;

B S C n e K T e X O H C T p y X T M B H O M - B3>KHbl M eCTO M p O /lb

n c n o /ib 3 y e M b ix c r p y x T y p : p 3 U M O H 3/ib H O -/io rM M ec K M x mjim

3MOUMOH3/lbHO-pMTOpMMeCKMX. T 3 K , B n p e f le /ia X HSyMHOrO

c riA n n p3UMOH3JibHO-/iorMHecKM e CTpyKTypbi xa p axT ep H b i / in n

T 3 K M X > K 3 H p O B , K3K M C C / i e f l O B S H M e , M H C |)O pM ai4 Mfl B

n p o M 3 B O f l C T B e H H O - T e x H M M e c K M x x a H p a x ;

p a u M O H a /ib H O -p n T o p M M e c K M e - b H a y H H O -n o n y jif lp H b ix

> x a H p a x (x h m t, c ra T e M , O M e p x o B ), a T ax> xe b y M e 6 H bix;

b n p e a e / ia x fle /iO B o ro c tm jia n e p B b ie J ie rx o H a 6 / ix )f la T b b

3 a K O H O fla ie / ib H b ix > x a H p a x ( y x a 3 a x , n o c T a H O B J ie H M flx ) ,

f \ m p e k t m b h b i x > x a H p a x ( n p M x a 3 b i , p a c n o p a w e H M f l ,

MHCTpyKUMM), B XOHCTaTMpyK)U4MX >KaHpaX (aX T , npOTOKOJl,

OTMeT), BTOpbie - B CB0 6 0 flH 0 M fle/lOBOM OnMCaHMM, fle/lOBOM

n k i c b Me . H a c m p e ^ e / ie m / ie > x a H p a b / i m a x ) t T a x > x e

coflepwaHi/ie, TeMaTMxa, caM npeflMeT, o6cy>xflaeMbiM c t o m

MJ1M MHOM TOMXM 3peH M fl, KOMMyHMKaTMBHOe 3aflaH M e.

CMCTeMa roBopxiuM M - re K c r - c n y in a to m n ii b/iMTepaTypoBefleHMM. npo6/ieMa noHMMaHMfl TexcTa b

/lMTepaTypoBefleHMM TecHO CBfl3aHa c BonpocoM onpefle/ieHMfl nounim «xyflo>xecTBeHHoe npoM3BefleHMe».H.A. Ky3bMMHa b MOHorpacjDMM «l/lHTepTexcr m ero po/ib b

npoueccax 3 b o / ix ) u m m no3TMMecxoro A3bixa» no/iaraeT, m to

« b cooTHOiueHMe «npoM3BefleHMe - Texcr» Heo6xoflMMO BBecTM BpeMeHHOki cjDaxTop. IlycTb HexoTopbm BpeMeHHOki MHTepBa/i - BpeMfl pa6oTbi Hafl npoM3BefleHMeM. B 3 t o t

npoMe>KyTOK aBTop MMeeT fle/io c TexcroM. MoMei-rr, xonqa pa6oTa 3aBepiueHa, ecTb MOMei-rr po>xfleHMfl npoM3BefleHMfl xax 3axoHMeHHoro ue/ioro. OflHaxo y>xe c/ieflyx)LHMM MOMeHT

3HaM eHyeT o rro p w e i-m e npon3BefleHHfl o t aBTopa n npeBpaiueHne ero b TexcT» [Ky3bMHHa 1999, c. 25].

noflo6Ha5i no3nui/m BbicrpanBaeTCfl c onopon Ha KOHuerrrya/ibHbie no/ioxeHna P. BapTa no pa3rpaHHHeHHK) TexcTa n npon3BefleHna. B pa6oTe « O t npon3BefleHna k

TexcTy» ncc/ieflOBaTe/ib Bbifle/w/i onno3HTHBHbie npn3Haxn, no3BO/i5iK)Lune OTfle/wTb Texcr o t npon3BefleHna. K hum

OTHOCflTCfl:

• CTaTMMHOCTb npon3BefleHH5i / flnHaMnHHOCTb TexcTa;

• nHBapnaHTHOCTb npon3Beflem/m / BapnaTnBHOCTb TexcTa;

• 3aMKHyTOCTb npon3BefleHH5i / OTxpbiTOcrb TexcTa;

• aBTopcTBO npon3BefleHH5i / aHOHMMHOCTb TexcTa;

• OHTO/iornHecxafl ue/iocmocTb npon3BefleHna / ctDyHKunoHa/ibHaa onepaunoHa/ibHOCTb TexcTa;

• K/ iaccnc| }n i4npyeMOCTb n p o n 3 B e f l e H v\t\ / Hexnaccnc|)ni4npyeMOCTb TexcTa.

noflo6Hbin noflxofl b o c x o a h t k KOHuy XIX - Hana/iy XX Bexa. « Cxo/ibxo HnTaTe/ien - CTO/ibxo n npon3BefleHnn» - Tax 3ByHHT o^hh n3 /io3yHroB /wTepaTypoBefleHna XX Bexa. C Toro MOMeHTa, xax npeflTena pyccxoro cnMBO/in3Ma l/l.O. AHHeHCxnn, BTopa A.A. n o T e 6He, 3aB epn/i: «cxo/ibKO HUTaTenen - cro/ibxo n raM/ieTOB», Bonpoc 06 nHBapnaHTe xyflo>xecTBeHHoro npon3Beflem/m CTa/i xpaeyro/ibHbiM xaMHeM Teopnn zinTepaTypbi. O flHn ncc /ie flO B aTe/in , HanpnMep C.B. JloMnHafl3e, yTBepwflaxrr nHBapnaHTHOCTb, ue/ibHOCTb n 3axpbiT0CTb xyflo>xecTBeHHoro npon3BefleHna. npn 3 to m ncc/ieflOBaTejibcxafl 3aflaHa noHnMaeTca xax noncx aBTopcxoro nHBapnaHTa n aBTopcxoro 3aMbic/ia c onopon Ha aaHHbie o 6norpac|Dnn nncaTe/ia, 06 ncTopnn n

c o u M a / i b H O M o 6 c T a H O B K e C 0 3 f la H k m T e x c T a . f l p y r n e

n c c /ie flO B a T e /in , k H n c /iy k o t o p n x OTHOCflTca P. B ap T , >K. f le p p n f la , y. 3 x o , o O tflB n /in o np nH unnna/ibH O ki OTxpbiTOcrn

T e x c T a . T e x c T p a c c M a T p n B a e T c a hm h x a x n e p e c e H e m /ie

accoukiaukiM , n o cT p o eH H o e Ha np nH unnna/ibH O ki OTxpbiTOcrn

f l/ lf l MHO>KeCTBa CyOteXTklBHblX C03H3HHM, a CneflO BaTe/lbHO ,

M H T e p n p e T a u k i M . A b t o p c k u m T e x c T - 3 t o T o / i b x o

n p H r/ia iu e H M e x co aB TopcTB y, coTB opH ecTB y, H H TaTe/ib >xe

TBOpi/IT C0 6 CTBeHHblki TeKCT.

KD.M. JlOTMaH b MOHorpacjDMM «Ky/ibTypa n B3pbiB» onpefle/im i flaHHbie pa3Hor/iackm c/ieflyiOLunM o6pa30M: «CymecTBeHHoe OT/ikmne coBpeMeHHoro CTpyxTypHoro aHa/in3a o t c|DopMajin3Ma n paHHero 3Tana crpyKTypHbix MCcneflOBaHMki 3axjiiOHaeTCfl b caMOM Bbifle/ieHnn oOtexTa aHa/iki3a. Kpaeyro/ibHbiM xaMHeM Ha3BaHHbix Bbiiue lu k o ji

6bmo npeflCTaBneHkie 06 OTfle/ibHOM, n30/inpoBaHHOM, CTa6ki/ibHOM caMOflOB/ieiOLfleM Texcre. < ...> CoBpeMeHHa$i TOHxa 3peHkm onnpaeTca Ha npeflcraB/ieHkm 0 TexcTe xax nepeceHeHkiki TOHex 3peHkm co3flaTe/ifl TexcTa ki ayflHTopnn» [JlOTMaH 1 9 9 2 , c . 1 7 8 - 1 8 0 ] . Mcxoflfl H3 3Toro, 6a30B0ki xaTeropkieki, onpefle/m iOLueki jin T e p aT y p o B e flH e cx n e ncc/ieflOBaHkm TexcTa Ha coBpeMeHHOM 3Tane, oxa3biBaeTCfl KareropMx «MHTepreKcry a/ibHOCTM>>.

T ep M kiH b i « k iH T e p T e x c T » ki « n H T e p T e x c T y a /ib H O C T b »

6 bi/iki BBefleHbi b p a O o T ax K3. K pncreB O ki. OTHeT/ikiBO 3Ta

n f l e a o c j D o p M k i J i a c b b C T a T b a x P. B a p T a : « . . . O H a

(kiHTepTexcTyanbHO CTb. - HD.3.) n p e flc ra B /if le T c o 6 on o 6 iu e e

n o /ie aHOHkiMHbix c|DopMy/i, nponcxo>K fleH ne xoTopb ix p e flx o

m o > k h o o 6 H a p y > K k i T b , 6 e c c o 3 H a T e ji b H bi x n / i n

a B T O M a T k m e c x k ix , f l a B a e M b i x 6 e 3 x a B b m e x » ( u h t . n o :

[C renaH O B 2 0 0 1 , c. 3 7 ] ) .

H. A . K y 3 b M H H a Bbifle/ifleT c/ieAyKDiune CBoncTBa nH TepTexcTa:

I . « l/lH TepTeK C T n p o H H 3aH c r p e / io n B p e M e H n . O h He

M M eeT "H aM a/ia" n "x o H u a " - n H T e p T e x c r 6e 3rp aH H M e H b o

BpeM eH n n npocTpaH C TB e».

2. « l/lH T e p T e K C T b u e /iO M H a x o A n T c a b c o c r o f lH n n

x a o c a . n o f l B 0 3 A e n c T B n e M H e /iO B e x a O T A e /ib H b ie e r o

0 6 / ia c m M oryT ynopflA O H nB aTbC fl».

3. «B nHTepTexcTe cncTeMa si3bixa AeueHTpnpyeTca n A e x o H C T p y n p y e T c a , t . e . n o A B e p ra e T c a p a 3 6 o p x e , AGMOHTa>Ky. TaxnM o6pa30M , MaTepna A3bixa (TexcTa) npeBpamaeTCfl b nHTepTexcTe b MaTepna/i».

4 . «B nHTepTexcTe fl3bix-M aTepna/i npeACTaB/iaeT co6on "rnraHTCxnn MHeMOHnMecxnn xoHr/iOMepai" (B.M. TacnapoB ), b x o to p o m ypaBHeHbi OTAe/ibHbie TexcTbi, c[}parMeHTbi TexcTOB pa3Hon Be/inMnHbi, co 6cTBeHHO 3/ieMeHTbi TexcTa n Tax Ha3biBaeMbie OTC/ioeHna (Hacrn c j io b , rpac|DnMecxne o6pa3bi, pnTMnxo-nHTOHaunoHHbie cxeMbi n np.). B 3 to m cocroflHnn TexcTbi OTAe/ieHbi o t CBonx co3AaTe/ien...».

5. «...nHTepTexcT - 3 t o 06/iacTb penn, npnMeM b HeM HeB03M0>xH0 pa3Ae/inTb peMeByx) AesiTe/ibHOCTb n pe3y/ibTaT (npoAyxT)...».

6 . Toro m to 6 n nepenTn o t 6ecnopflAKa-xaoca x nopÂKy, nHTepTexcT AO/i>xeH o 6 /iaA aTb HexoTopon noTeH una/ibH on 3 H e p rn e n . n o T eH u n a /ib H aa 3H eprna nHTepTexcTa cx/iaAbiBaeTca n3 cyMMbi noTeHuna/ibHbix 3Heprnn npoTOTexcTa n aBTopa» [Ky3bMnHa 1999, c. 2 7 -2 9 ].

T a x n M o 6 p a 3 0 M , n o c ra B n B b u e H T p n c c /ie A O B a H n n

x a T e r o p n x ) n H T e p T e x c T y a / i b H O C T n , c o B p e M e H H o e

/ in T e p a T y p o B e A e H n e n 3 M e H n /io T p a A n u n o H H b in i io a x o a x

c o 6 c T B e H H O M y o B t e K T y n n p e ^ M e T y , O T K a 3 a / io c b o t

np H H U kina K /iaccn c|)nK ai4n n M a T e p n a /ia n K O H u en T ya /ib H O

c6/lM3MJ10Cb C K y/lbTypO nO rneM , CeMMOTMKOM, CMHepreTMKOM

n np .

CMCTeMa roBopniuMM - re K c r - c/jyuiatoiuM M bCeMMOTMKe. CeM MOTMHeCKMe MCCJieflOBaHMfl TeKCTa noc/ieflHero BpeMem/i aKueHTnpyiOT BHMMaHne Ha eroKOM M yHM KaTM BHOM n p n p O f le , 06paLU a51C b K K O H TeK C Ty,

n p a m a T M H e c K O M y K O M noH eH Ty. npn 3 to m n c c /ie flO B a H n e

C e M M O T M H e C K O M COCTaBJlflKDLUeM T e K C T a y H M T b l B a e T

n p o u e c c y a / i b H b m x a p a K T e p n o c / i e ^ H e r o . T a K n e

n c c /ie flO B aT e /in , KaK 3 . B ionceHC, Jl. llp n e T O , fO .M . JlOTMaH

M f lp v M3yHa/lM TeKCT KaK flMHaMMHeCKyKD eflMHMUy, KOTOpafl

c / i y > K M T « k o m M y H M K a T M B H b i m u e / i f l M n e p e f l a n n

MHC|DOpMai4MM».

K MCC/ieflOBaHMKD TeKCTa B CMCTeMe rOBOpZLUMM - TeKCT

- c/1yLUdfOLUMM HaM6o/iee npM6/iM>KeHbi no onpeae/ieHMK) nparM aTM H ecKM e p a6o T b i. I lp n 3 t o m u eH T p a /ib H o n OKa3biBaeTC5i KaTeropna cyBteKTa [CTenaHOB 2001, c. 29]. KaK OTMenaeT K3.C. CTenaHOB b bo^hom CTaTbe k aHTonornn «CeMMOTMKa», «nparMaTMKa paccMaTpMBaeT ne/ioBeKa KaK aBTOpa COOblTMM, XOT9\ 3TM COOblTMfl M 3aKJlK)HaK)TC51 B

roBopeHMM» [CTenaHOB 2001, c. 36]. 3tm m npeoflo/ieBaeTca M3HaHa/ibHbiM pa3pbiB b Hano/iHeHMM noHsrmfl «cy6"beKT», KOTOpblki, C OflHOM CTOpOHbl, paCCMaTpMBaeTCfl KaK HenOBeK B O o6iue m aB Top b nacTHOCTM, a c flp yro M - KaK nofl/iewaiuee b npefl/io>KeHnn. «CoBpeMeHHbie /lMHTBMCTbi cnpaBeflnMBO yTBep>KflaK)T, h t o oflHa M3 o c h o b h n x jimhmm

nparMaTMnecKOM MHTepnpeTauMM - 3 t o „pacc/ioeHne" "5 \"

roBopsuuero: Ha "5 \" KaK nofl/iewaiuee npefl/iOKeHna, "5 \"

KaK cy6"beKTa penM, HaKOHeu, Ha "5 \" KaK BHyTpeHHee „3ro", KOTopoe KOHTpo/iMpyeT caMoro cy6"beKTa, 3HaeT ue/iM roBopsuuero n ero HaMepeHna /iraTb m/im roBopnTb npaBfly,

n t . A -» [CTenaHOB 2 0 0 1 , c. 2 9 - 3 0 ] . OOteflMHei-me cyOtexTOB b xyAO>xecTBeH h o m TexcTe AOCTnraeTCA nocpeflCTBOM o6pa3a aBTopa, xoTopbin a b a a c tc a oahmm m3 HanOo/iee n3ynaeMbix npeflMeTOB b c|DnAOAornn XX b.

1/lMeHHO Ha p a c c A o e H n n c y O t e x T a b axTe xoMMyHnxaunn CTpokiAacb Tnno/iornA xyflo>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa c no3nunn ceMnoTnxn. BbiAeAAACA TexcT o t aBTopa, TexcT o t paccxa3Hnxa, TexcT o t noBecTBOBaTeAA n np. KpoMe t o t o , Tn n o Ao r i / mec x n noApa3AeAAAncb xyflo>xecTBeHHbie TexcTbi b 3aBncnMOcrn o t Bnâ o6pa3a aBTopa, npncyTCTByKDiuero b npon3BeAeHnn.

O flH axo noHMMaHne cyO texT a xax ueHTpaAbHon xaTeropnn coBpeMeHHon ceMnoTkmecxoM n p a m a T n x n npnBeno x nepeocMbiCAeHnx) i io h a th a «TexcT». BnepBbie 06 o c o 6 om xap axT epe TexcTa, oOAaAaHDiuero o t h 6 t a h b o

npoABAAX)mencA cy6"bexTHBHOCTbX), cxa3aA 3 . BeHBeHncr. Oh H a3 Baji « p e H b , n p n c B a n B a e M y x ) ro B o p A iu n M » [JlnHrBMCTMHecxnn 3HunxAoneAnHecxnn CAOBapb 1990, c. 137] flncxypcoM. B paOoTax «CeMnoTnxa /inTepaTypbi» n «noHATne AHTepaTypbi» 14. ToflopoB b b o a m t oOiAyx) a a a

Bcex b m a o b TexcTOB TnnoAornx) AHCxypcoB: HayHHbin Ancxypc, AHCxypc coHeTa m t . a . m xapaxTepn3yeT A^cxypc xax poAOBoe noHATne no OTHomeHnx) x AkiTepaType [ T o a o p o b 2 0 0 1 , c. 3 8 8 ]. O A H a x o M a n a A n 3 yH eH H O C T b

Ancxypca n AHCxypcnBHOcrn He no3BOAAeT ccjDopMnpoBaTb eAMHyx) xAaccnc[}nxai4MX) TexcTOB / AHCxypcoB n np. C oahom

CTopoHbi, ecAki Bbicxa3biBaHne npnpaBHATb x TexcTy / Ancxypcy (xax 3 t o CAenaA M.M. BaxTMH), TaxcoHOMkmecxaA AHBepcnc|)nxai4HA TexcTOB-Bbicxa3biBaHnn MO>xeT 6 biTb ocymecTBAeHa b cooTBeTCTBnn c ueAAMn xoMMyHnxaunn. T a x , T .B . LLlMeAeBa npeA A araeT BbiAeAATb n p n x a 3bi, cooOiueHnA n t . A- C Apyron CTopoHbi, yneHbie nccAeAyx)T o n p e A G A e H H b i e p a 3 H O B n A H O C T n A H C x y p c o B : T . A .

Tpnno/ibCKaa n3ynaeT 3MOunoHa/ibHO-oueHOHHbiM fli/icxypc, U. ToflopoB - JinTepaTypHbin n HayHHbin flncxypcbi, C.H. n/iOTHMKOB - HencKpeHHMM fli/icxypc, P. BapT n, Bcnefl 3a h u m , A.K. Mnxa/ibcxas - no/inTi/mecKi/m flncxypc n t . f l.

TaxnM o6pa30M, ceMHOTHHecKHe ncc/ieflOBaHi/m noc/ie^Hero BpeMeHM onncbiBaKDT xpyr npo6/ieMHbix BonpocoB, KOTopbie xapaKTepn3yiOT Texcr b cncTeMe r o B o p m p n n - re K C T -

CJlyilldHDlUMM.

CncTeMa roB opnm uH - reKCT - c /iy iu a to m n ii bJ111H TBHCTH Ke TeKCTa. OflHHM H3 JlHHTBHCTHHeCKHX(5i3 bi KOBef lHecKMx) H a n p a B / i e H m m , b k o t o p o m

paccMaTpHBaeTca Texcr b cncTeMe r o B o p m i in n - reKCT -

CJlyilldHDlUMM/ AB/lSieTCfl JlHHrBHCTHKa TeKCTa. Y>Xe Ha nepBOM 3Tane CBoero cymecTBOBaHHfl (60-e roflbi) o6paiueHne k

aKTya/ibHOMy H/ieHeHnio Bbio<a3biBaHi/m b xaHecTBe axcnoMbi COflep>KMT nOCTy/iaT 0 KOMMyHHKaTHBHOH 3HaHHMOCTH 3/ieMeHTOB BbiCKa3biBaHna / peHn, xoTopyx) 3aflax)T roBopaiunn n c/iyujaK)LUHH.

Ha coBpeMeHHOM 3Tane b ji h h t b m c t u xe TexcTa rocnoflCTByx)T CTpyxTypHbin n c|DeHOMeHOJiorMHecxMM noflxoflbi b n3yneHnn pemi / Texcra [CnflopoB 1987, c. 6-7]. B h u x TexcT paccMaTpHBaeTca xax caMOflocraTOHHafl CHCTeMa peneBbix eflHHi/114, pea/in3yx)LuaflCfl Ha dpone onpefleneHHon coBOxynHOCTn 3KCTpa/inHrBncTHHecxnx CjDaKTOpOB.

CTpyKTypHoe HanpaB/ieHne b 06/iacrn npe^MeTa CMbixaeTca c pnTopnxon, c t h j ih c t h k o h , npamaTHKon, ncnxojinHrBncTnxoM n flp. B ero pyc/ie ocyiuecTB/iflxrrcfl pa3pa6oTKM npo6/ieM npaBi/uibHOcm TexcTa, B/11/mHne Ha Hero KOHTexcTya/ibHO-KOMMyHMxaTnBHoro oxpy>xeHi/m, Bonpocbi npecynno3MTMBHoro 3H3hv\5\ xax 6a3bi xoMMyHnxaunn n 3/ieMeHTOB c/iy>xe6Horo xapaxTepa,

Mei-miOLunx k/ikdh HHTepnpeTaunn. flpyroe HanpaB/ieHne - 0eHOMeHO/iornHecKoe - ynnTbiBaeT Ha/innne b Texcre flByx ypoBHen cba3hocth n, xax c/ieflCTBne, flByx ypoBHen CMbic/ia, KOTopbie bn^b/i^kdtc^ b noBepxHOCTHon n rn y 6 nHHon CTpyxTypax. Hcc/ieflOBaHna noc/ieflHen c6/in>xaK)T /lnHrBncTnxy TexcTa c repMeHeBTnxon. B paMxax flaHHoro HanpaB/ieHH5i pa3BHBaeTca HappaTO/iori/m - Hayxa o noBecTBOBaTe/ibHbix crpyxTypax n 3axoHOMepHOCTflx nx c[}yHKi4noHnpoBaHH5i b Texcre, Bocxoflfliuaa k nê^M B.ft. nponna.

Hy>KHO noflHepxHyTb, h t o fl/ia Been / ih h t b h c t h k h

TexcTa b ue/ioM CBoncTBeHeH nHTepec x «coflep>xaTe/ibHon HanpaBJieHHOCTn oahoh KaKon-/in6o cjDopMbi n3 flByx paBH0B03M0>KHbix b TexcTe» [J1 n h t b n c t h h ecxnn 3HunK/ioneflHHecKnn c/iOBapb 1990, c. 268]. npn 3 t o m

3aflax)TC5i pa3Hbie acnexTbi noncxa: b paMxax nepBoro HanpaB/ieHH5i s t o t Bbi6op o6yc/iOB/inBaeTC5i BHeniHnMn, K O M M y H n x a T H B H b i m u c j D a x T o p a M n ; b o b t o p o m -

BHyTpeHHUMn, r/iy 6 nHHbiMn TexcTOBbimn npoueccaMn. OflHaxo Heonpefle/ieHHOCTb npe^MeTa ncc/ieflOBaHnn He no3BO/in/ia /inHrBncTnxe TexcTa neTKO o6o3HannTb c b o k )

xaTeropna/ibHyx) opneHTaunx), x o t a nonbiTxa BbmB/ieHna npn3HaxoB TexcTa n ueHTpa/ibHon xaTeropnn , nx o e te fln H ^ x jiu e n , ocym ecTB /ifl/iacb HeoflHOxpaTHO (H anpnM ep, b CTaTbe X. H 3eH 6 epra « 0 npe^M eTe jinHrBncTnnecKon Teopnn TexcTa» [HoBoe b 3apy6e>KHon /inHrBncTnxe 1978, c. 4 3 -5 6 ]) . npn 3 t o m b xanecTBe cncTeMOo6pa3yx)Luen xaTeropnn Hepeflxo ncc/ieflOBaTe/in n36npa/in CBSBHOCTb.

OTcyTCTBne ueHTpa/ibHon xaTeropnn, o6iuen / Bcex HanpaB/ieHnn /lnHrBncTnxn TexcTa, npeflonpefle/in/io, Bepo^THO, n to , hto o6 iuafl Tnno/ion/m TexcTOB He 6bma C03flaHa. B CTaTbe « 0 xapaxTepncTnxe n xnaccncjDnKaunn

peneBbix npon3Beflei-mn» K. ray3eH6/ia3 npeA/ioxn/i oflHy n3 K/ iaccncjDnKaunn, b xoTopon Tnnbi peneBbix npon3BefleHnn BbiAe/iaiOTCfl c/ieAyiOLunM o6pa30M:

1. C npocTon / cj io>xhoh CTpyxTypon TexcTa ( H a n p n M e p , p e n e B o e n p o n 3 B e f l e H n e cof lep>xnT OAnH-eAnHCTBeHHbin TexcT c oah n m-e^nHCTBeHh bim cmnc/iom; n/in peneBoe npon3BeAeHne cocTonT n3 OAHoro TexcTa, b xoTopbin BcraB/ieH OTpbiBOx n3 Apyroro peneBoronpon3BeAeHna);

2. CBo6oAHbie n 3aBncnMbie peneBbie npon3BeAeHHfl, Bx/nonaiOLAne Taxyio pa3HOBnAHOCTb, xax, HanpnMep, peneBbie npon3BeAeHHfl (0TH0cnTe/ibH0 ) He3aBncnMbie, «caMOAOCTaTOMHbie»; n/in peneBbie npon3BeAeHHfl, TecHO CB5i3aHHbie c cnTyaunen;

3. H e n p e p b i BHb i e n npepb i BHb i e p e h e b bi e npon3BeAeHn5i;

4. no CTeneHn 3axoHMeHHOCTn n AP-

TeM He MeHee, OTcyTCTBne b ocHOBe x/iaccnc|Dnxai4nn meTxo o6o3HaneHHbix xpnTepneB He no3BO/in/ io cn c T e M a m 3 n p o B a T b TexcTbi n AaTb xoHenHbin , ncnepnbiBaiOLAnn cnncox TexcTOBbix pa3HOBHAHOCTen. no3TOMy Bonpocbi m n o / io rn n TexcTa n BbiAe/ieHna ueHTpa/ibHon TexcTOBon xaTeropnn b /lnHrBncmxe TexcTa OCTaiOTCfl OTXpblTblMH.

2.2. K O M M y H M K a T M B H O e

H a n p a B / i e H M e b M 3 y H e H i i i i T e K C T a b

C M C Te M e r O B O p f l lM H H - T e K C T -

cnyuiaioiMMMTeKCT b npoqecce fleflTe/ibHOCTM ynacTHMKOB

KOMMyHMKauMM. II O pO>K f le H M e . r iOHMMaHMe M MHTepnpeTauMB TeKCTa.

PaccMOTpeHMe TexcTa b ckicreM e roB opzLU M M - re K C T -

cnyuidHDLUMM n p e fln o /ia ra e T o 6 p a iu e H ne x KOMMyHkixaTkiBHOki

CMTyauMM m KOMMyHMKaTMBHOMy axTy. C oo6 ifleH k ie / TexcT

n p e flC T a B /m eT co6om MHcjDopMauMK), n e p e fla B a e M y x ) npki

yCJlOBMM yCTaHOBJieHM51 KOHTaKTa rOBOpflLflMM-aflpeCaHTOM

cnyiuaKDLfleM y-aflpecaTy nocpeflCTBOM sB b ixoB oro x o fla . I~lpki

3TOM Ha KOMMyHMKaUMKD OKa3blBaeT B/lMflHkie KOHTeKCT xa x

COBOXynHOCTb BHefl3blKOBblX CjDaKTOpOB.

3ctDC[}eKTMBHOCTb KOHTaKTa B KOMMyHMXaTMBHOM aKTe

o n pe fle /m eT C fl afleKBaTHOCTbK) nepeflaHHOki ki nojiyneHHO ki

k iH c jD o pM a uk ik i. C /iy iu a K D L flk ik i H a x o f lk iT C fl b n o 3 k iu k ik i

p e u k in k ie H T a : o h B O cnpkiH k iM aeT c o o 6 iu e H k ie , n b iT a a c b

noH5iTb e ro ck im a /ib i nocpeflCTBOM xoMMyHkixaTkiBHoro xo fla .

ECTeCTBeHHO, HTO n p k l 3TOM B03H klK3K)T k icxa>K eH IA5\,

o 6y c n o B / i e H H b i e x a x caM k iM n p o u e c c o M n e p e f l a n k i

kiHcjDopMaukiki, nepexoflk ipoBKki no jiyneH H b ix ck im a/iO B , Tax ki

noflroTOB/ieHHOCTbK) KOMMyHkixaHTa x npkiH flTkix) p a 3 H o ro

p o f la k i H c j D o p M a u k i M : p a 3 / i k i H k i e M c|DOHfla 3 H a H k i k i

( n p e c y n n o 3 m 4 k i k i ) , k i H f l k i B k i f l y a / i k i 3 k i p o B a H H O C T b X )

>Kki3HeHHoro onb iTa , nckixo/io rk inecKkiM nepeH anpsw eH kieM ,

np k ip o flo k i nocTynax)LUkix ckirHa/iO B ki n p . K a x c/ie flC TBkie,

B 03H k ixaeT B o n p o c 06 kiHc|DopMaTkiBHOM aflexBaTH O C Tki

KOMMyHkixaukiki.

« M bl BMflMM 0 Kpy>K 3 K) 111 M M HaC Mkip TO /1 b KO nocpeflCTBOM Toro o6pa3a MMpa, xoTopbm hocmm b ce6 e. 3 t o nocpeflHMMecTBO HeoTfle/iMMO o t Me/iOBeMecxoro B3r/i5ifla. Mkip r/ia3aMM Me/iOBexa - 3 to bma MMpa Ha ocHOBe o 6 p a 6 oTKM, KOTopoki m bi yM eeM n o flB e p ra T b m m p ,

3aK/iK)MeHHbiM b Hac» [Tmmom 1992, c. 144]. B cbsbm c TeM,MTO 513 blK BbinOJIHfleT, B TOM MMC/ie, M XyMy/lflTMBHyiO

cjDyHKumo, oh cjDMKCMpyeT KOHuenTya/ibHbie npeflcraB/ieHMfl,

3H3HM51 B Bep6a/lbHOM C|)OpMe (C0 6 CTBeHHblMM CpeflCTBaMM).

fl3 b ix b n p o u e c c e nepeaaM M MH(J)opMai4MM B b ino /iH aeT

flBOMHyiO C[}yHKI4mO. C OflHOM CTOpOHbl, OH Mflea/lM3MpyeT

MaTepna/ibHoe, a c flpyro fi - MaTepna/in3yeT Mfleio. Mbic/ib,

BormoLneHHaa b c|)M3MMecxoM o6/iM xe, t o ecTb b c/iOBax,

n po xo flM T M epe3 o n p e fle /ie H H b ie c rp y x T y p b i, KOTopbie

n o flB e p ra iO T e e MCxa>xeHMio. T a x , o 6 /ie x a f lC b b bma

n p e f l C T a B / i e H M f l , 3 a x p e n / i e H H o r o b A 3 b i x e , O H a

flec|DopMMpyeTCfl. Korâ npeflcraB/ieHMe TpaHCc|DopMMpyeTCfl

B Bbipa>XeHMM, BXOflMT B CCjDepy peMM, MblCJlb MCXa>XaeTC51

BT OpMMHO n o T e M >Xe Ca MbI M n p M M M H 3 M ( x HMM

npM 6aB /ifleTC fl orpaHMMeHHOCTb cpe^CTB Bbipa>xeHMfl)- T a x M M o 6 p a 3 0 M , n e p B O H a M a / i b H o e c o f l e p > x a H M e

npeo6pa3yeTC5i:

CxeMa 1

n p e o 6 pa?OBaHne m c x o a h o t o c o fle p n o H M fl MHC(30pMaUMM

MblCJlb -> J13blK -► peMb (TeK C T)

c -* c , -> c , +

rae C, Ci, C2 + o6o3Ha>HaK)T ncxoflHoe coflepwaHMe m ero TpaHccfiopMaLiMM.

« K o H e > H H b i M p e 3 y / i b T a T 3 t o r o n p o u e c c a -

no/iyHM BLueecfl BbicKa3biBaHne - n p e flC T a B /ia e T c o 6 om

KO M npoM ncc Me>xAy T eM , h t o roBopALAnn « H a M e p e B a /iC A »

B biC K a3aTb... n T e M , h t o « n o jiy H i/m o c b » b c n A y c b o m c tb

n c n o A b 30B aH H o ro A 3b ixoB oro M a T e p n a A a » [ra c n a p o B 1996, c. 106]. n e p e B O A nHcjDopM aunn c «AHHTBa M e H T a jin c » Ha

ecTecTB eH H bin A3 bix [Be>x6 n u x a 1983, c. 246] - 3 t o J inw b

o flH a n3 C T o p o H , «C T o p o H a 3H an eH H A CAOBa a a a c a M o ro

r o B o p A iu e r o ; h o b A e n c T B n T e A b H O C T n A3biK B 03M 0>xeH

TOAbKO b o 6 iA ecTB e» [ l l 0 T e 6 HA 1976, c. 303].

n o p o > K A e H n e b bi c x a 3 bi Ba h n a n o A p a 3 y M e B a e T

B o e n p n A T n e e r o x a x n o H U M a H n e . C x o a c t b o n p o u e c c o B

n o po>xA eH H A n no H H M aH H A p e n n y x a 3 b iB a e T Ha t o , h t o

n c xa> xeH H A , B b i3B aH H bie n e p e x o A n p o B x o n M HcjDopM aunn,

n p ncyTC T B yx)T Tax>xe b B o e n p n A T n n B bicxa3biB aH H A (h a h

T e x c T a ) aA pecaTO M . E lag A.A. n o T e 6 HA nncaA 0 6 3 to m : « T a x

n p n n o H H M a H H H Mbi CAb r o B o p A L A G r o H e n e p e A a e T C A

C A y m a x jiA e M y , h o n o c A e A H n n , no H H M aA c a o b o , c o 3 A a e T

CBOX) MbiCAb, 3aH HM aX)LA yK ) B C H C TeM e, yCTaH O B A eH H O H

A 3b ixo M , M ecTO , c x o A H o e c MecTOM MbiCAH roB opA LA G ro .

f ly M a T b n p n CAOBe t o , h t o A y M a e T A p y ro n , 3H an n A O 6 bi

n e p e c T a T b 6 biTb caM H M c o 6 o x ). n o s T O M y n o H H M a H n e b

CMblCAe TO>XAeCTBa MbiCAH B rOBOpAIAGM H CAyiliaX)LAGM ecTb

TaxaA >xe h a a x )3 h a , x a x n T a , b CHAy x o e n Mbi npnH H M aeM

c o 6 cTBeHHbie oiAyiAGHMA 3a B H eujH ne npeA M eTbi» [n o T e 6 HA

1976, c. 307].

riOMHMO TpaHCCjDOpMaUHH HHC[}OpMai4 HH, Bbl3BaHHOH

M exaH H 3M aM H n e p e x o A H p o B x n m n c a h b CAOBa b p e n n n

o 6 p aT H O , HeTO >xAecTBeH H O C Tb T o r o , h t o x o t c a c x a 3 a T b

rOBOpALAHH, H TOrO, HTO nOHAA CAyiliaiOLAHH, o 6 ycAOBAeHa

p a 3 H b i M H a n o A H e H n e M x o H u e n T y a A b H b i x c n c T e M

XOMMyHHXaHTOB. ECAH XOHCTpyXT, MOAGAb HHC[}OpMai4HH -

c[}peHM - o 6 GcnenHBaGT n m _e p c y 6 'bGXTnBHOCTb x o H u e n T a , t o

e ro H anoAHeHkie accou nauH A M H , m hch ham h, 3M O unoH aA bH on

o u e H x o n h t . A- H a c x B 0 3 b c y 6 "bGXTHBHO. E .M . fa c n a p o B

yBA3biBaeT A3bixoBoe cymecTBOBaHne j i h h h o c t h ,

npOflBJlfllOLUeeCfl B npOH3BOflCTBe H BOCnpHflTHH A3blXOBblX CjDaKTOB, C HHflHBHflya/lbHbIM UHTaTHbIM MHeMOHHHeCXHM KOHMOMepaTOM, aKTya/in3npyK)m em C5i xax Ha nyt h

xoHcrpyxunn, Tax n Ha nyTn flexoHcrpyxunn: «Bce 3 t h

npoueccbi coBepiuax)TC5i nHflHBHflya/ibHO b co3HaHnn xa>xfloro OTfle/ibHoro... cy6"bexTa. 1/lx TeneHi/m n pe3y/ibTaTbi HeoTfle/inMbi o t ero xapaxTepa n >xn3HeHHoro onbiTa n no3TOMy b no/iHOM CBoeM o6"beMe Bcenqa yHnxa/ibHbi a j ia

xa>xf lon j i h h h o c t h » [ T a c n a p o B 1 9 9 6 , c. 1 5 ] . 1/lHflHBHflya/ibHOCTb onbiTa, b t o m nnc/ie A3bixoBoro cyiuecTBOBaHH5i , no3BOJiaeT o 6 p a 3 0 B b i BaTbca xoMnpereHecnoHHbiM ziaxyHaM (n/in x/iaccnc|)HxauHOHHbiM nycTOTaM) b paMxax xoHuenTya/ibHon cncreMbi OTfle/ibHoro nHflnBi/ifla. «OxBaT» HHcjDopMaunn c noc/ieflyKDiuen ee x/iaccnctDHxaunen 3aBncnT He To/ibxo o t x o t h h t h b h n x

cnoco6HOcren cy6"bexTa, ncno/ib3yx)LUHxcfl b ee o6pa6oTxe, h o n o t xo/innecTBa Bxoflaiuero MaTepna/ia. B c/iynae HeflocraTxa eflHHnu fl/ia 3ano/iHeHHfl nycryKDiunx no3nunn x/iaccnc[}nxaunn h h a h b h a , h c x o a a H3 co6 cTBeHHon xoMneTeHunn, 3ano/iHfleT ziaxyHbi HenpoTHBopennBO Mbic/wMbiMn o6"bexTaMn BHe 3aBncnMOCTn o t nx pea/ibHoro cyiuecTBOBaHnî, n 3 t o t npouecc HOcnT HHflHBHflya/ibHbin xapaxTep.

HecMOTpa Ha HHflHBHflyajiH3npoBaHHOCTb xomnTHBHon cocTaB/iîoiuen xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa, noHnMaHne Me>xfly xoMMyHnxaHTaMn oxa3biBaeTca B03M0>xHbiM. Ba3y ajia noHnMaHne cocTaB/isnoT HHTepcy6"bexTHbie 3HaHna, c[}nxcnpyiOLunec5i Mbiiu/ieHneM b BHfle c[}penMOB n n p e c y n n o 3 n u n n . Ha ocHOBaHnn cjDpenMOBoro n npeccynno3nTnBHoro cjDOHfla xoMMyHnxaHTOB, OTBenaiOLuero yc/iOBHAM ncTnHHOCTn (/lornnecxon n/in npamaTHHecxon), a Tax>xe couna/ibHon cnTyaunn, jinHHOcmoro câxTopa n np.

ocymecTB/ifleTCfl ycnewHaM KOMMyHMKauMM - flocmraKDTCM noHMMaHMe cy6"beKTaMM apyr apyra m nep/iOKyTMBHbm actDcjDeKT, ec/iM o h npeflno/iara/iCM M3HanajibHO. OflHaKO KO/iMHecTBO m KanecTBO cocraB/iMKDLUMx, o6ecneHMBaK)LUMx 3ctDc[}eKTMBHOCTb o6iueHMM, BapbMpyeTCM o t cy6"beKTa k

cyOteKTy.

T a k m m o 6 p a 3 0 M , n o p o > K f l e H M e m n o H M M a H M e b

K O M M y H M K a u M M b bi C T y n a j o t K a K f l e ^ T e / i b H O C T H b i e

pa3HOBMflHOCTM. KaK riMLLieT E.B. CMflOpOB B MOHOrpacjDMM

« n p o 6 /ieM b l peHeBOM CMCTeMHOCTM», «B O Tfle/lbH O M aK Te

peHeBOM KOMMyHMKauMM Bblfle/IMKDTCM flB e fleMTe/lbHOCTHbie

(\)33b \ - KOMMyHMKaTMBHa51 fle M T e /lb H O C T b O T n p aB M T e/lM

c o o 6 iueH M fl (n o p o > K fle H M e . - HD.3.) m KOM M yHM KaTM BHaa

AeMTe/ibHOCTb a flp e c a T a (noHM M aHM e. - HD.3.). <...> 3 tm flB e

A eM Te/ibH O C TM M o ry T o 6 p a 3 0 B b iB a T b H e K O T o p o e u e / io e

6 / ia ro a a p M Ha/iMHMK) p e n e B o ro npoM 3BefleHM M , TeKCTa, 6 e 3

KOTOpOrO KOMMyHMKauMM He MO>KeT COCTOMTbCM» [CMflOpOB

1 9 8 7 6 , c. 1 0 ] . n p M 3 t o m M C C /ie f lO B a T e /ib H a 3 b i B a e T

nOpO>KfleHMe nepBMHHOM KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM fleMTenbHOCTbKD,

nOHMMaHMe BTOpMHHOM KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM fleMTe/lbHOCTbKD M

nOflHepKM BaeT, HTO «KOMMyHMKaTMBHaM fleMTe/lbHOCTb ecTb

fleMTenbHOCTb C TeKCTOM» [CMflOpOB 1 9 8 7 6 , c. 1 1 ].

C fleMTe/lbHOCTHOM npMpOflOM nOHMMaHMM CBM3aH Bonpoc o ero cooTHOiueHMM c MHTepnpeTauMeM. HeKOTopbie JlMHTBMCTbl, HanpMMep K3.C. CopOKMH, pa3BOflMT nOHMTMM noHMMaHMM m MHTepnpeTauMM, yKa3bmaM Ha naccMBHbm c to h km 3peHMM MHTe/i/ieKTya/ibHbix ycM/iMM xapaKTep nepBoro m Ha aKTMBHbiM - BToporo, apyme >xe - OTO>KflecTB/iMK)T o6a noHMTMM. TaK, E.H. HypaxMeTOB no/iaraeT: «AqpecaT - 3 t o

Bcerf la m H T e p n p e T a T o p , h e 3 a b m c m m o o t t o t o ,

ocyiuecTB/iMeTCM jim MHTepnpeTauMM 6ecco3HaTe/ibHO m/im Ha oco3HaHHOM ypoBHe, ypoBHe TeKCTa. BocnpMMTMe He MO>xeT 6 biTb naccMBHbm npoueccoM, Heo6 xoflMMO, h t o 6 n

cymecTBOBa/i BcrpenHbin npouecc, t o ecTb flenTe/ibHOCTb MHflnBnfla no OTHOweHnx) k BOcnpnm/iMaeMOMy oOtexTy, b

flaHHOM c/iynae - k Texcry xyqo>xecTBeHHoro npon3BefleHnn. HHTepnpeTaunn - 3 t o Bbi6op n3 pnâ B03M0>KHbix fl/in flaHHoro TexcTa» [HypaxMeTOB 1989, c. 85].

no HaiueMy MHeHnx), nHTepnpeTaunn CBn3biBaeT npoueccb i n o H n M a H n n n o O t n c H e H n n : OHa He orpaHHHHBaeTcn noHnMaHneM n b k / i k ) naeT b ce6n ncTO/iKOBaHne, oOtncHeHne Bbicxa3biBaHnn n/in TexcTa. «noHnTb xopoiuo - 3t o 3HannT He Tonbxo «nepeBecTn fl/in ce6n» OTfle/ibHbie npefl/io>xeHnn /inua A, h o n y/iOBHTb CBn3n Me>xfly s t h m h npefl/io>xeHnnMH, BCxpbiTb Mbic/ieHHyx) KOHCTpyxunx) ue/ioro, Mbic/ieHHO OB/iaaeTb TeM, h t o roBopnTA. 3/ieMeHTapHoe noHHMaHne - 3 t o npocTO nepeBOfl cneflyKDiunx flpyr 3a flpyroM n BoenpnHnMaeMbix c/iyxoM npefl/io>xeHnn Ha coOcTBeHHbin Mbic/ieHHbin n3bix. H cneflOBaTenbHO, cnyiuan, /inuo B creHorpac[)HpyeT b yMe MbicneHHyx) 3anncb TexcTa, pexoHcrpynpyeT Becb TexcT. Ho BflyMHHBbin c/iyiuaTe/ib 3t h m He orpaHnnnBaeTcn. Oh He To/ibxo CTeHorpac|DnpyeT - o h Taioxe xoMMeHTnpyeT. H b

ro/iOBe BflyMHnBoro cnyiuaTe/in B03HnxaeT napa/i/ie/ibHO CTeHorpaMMe KOMMeHTapnn» [Be>x6nuKa 1978, c. 403]. TaxHM o6pa30M, nHTepnpeTaunn TexcTa Henpeflcxa3yeMa n n3HananbHO HeeanHCTBeHHa b cn/iy CBoen cyOtexTHBHon npnpoflbi.

C/ieflyeT noflnepxHyTb flBoncTBeHHyx) npnpofly nHTepnpeTaunn. Ee nepBMHHan c[}yHKunn - oOtncHeHne noHnToro, noaTOMy, xa3a/iocb 6 bi, peTpocnexTHBHan HanpaB/ieHHOCTb flo/i>KHa oOyc/iOBMTb pexoHCTpyxTnBHyx) cyiuHOCTb flaHHoro nB/ieHi/m. OflHaxo /ix)6oe nepe/io>xeHne, nepecxa3, nepeBOfl, oOtncHeHne n/in noBecTBOBaHne, npoiueflLune MexaHM3Mbi TpaHCc|DopMaunn, nB/inx)Tcn coBepiueHHO h o b w m h npon3BefleHnnMH, h t o flnKTyeTcn

M M e H H 0 XOHCTpyXTMBHOM, XpeaTMBHOM npMpOflOM MHTepnpeTauMM.

l~lpo6/ieMa MHTepnpeTauMM oco6eHHO axTya/ibHa npM M3yneHMM xyflo>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa. HanpMMep, b MCC/ieflOBaHMM poMaHa «MacTep m MaprapMTa», c oahom CTOpOHbl, OHa CB513aHa C TeM, MTO «pOMaH 3aflyMaH M nocTpoeH Tax, mto npeflno/iaraeT Hecxo/ibxo ypoBHefi noHMMaHM5i» [Cmmphob 1988, c. 146], c flpyrofi - MHome ero cocTaB/i5iK)LUMe He MoryT 6 biTb MCTO/ixoBaHbi 0AH03H3MH0. TaxoB, HanpMMep, o6 pa3 Bo/iaHfla. Paa MCcneflOBaTeneM cmmt3X)t Bo/iaHfla npeAcraBMTe/ieM flo6pa, a ApyrMe paccMaTpMBaxrr 3tot nepcoHa>x xax HOCMTe/ifl 3/ia. HapsiAy c 3tmm, Ae/iaxrrcfl nonbiTXM bnmtm 3a npeAe/ibi onno3MUMM Ao6pa - 3/ia. Tax, M. AHApeeBCxaa no/iaraeT, mto b poMaHe, cxopee, npeACTaB/ieHbi BeAOMCTBa CnpaBeA/iHBOCTM m MM/iocepAMfl, a He Ao6pa m 3/ia. 1/1. B3A3a, H. YTexMH m HexoTopbie Apyrne 6y/iraxoBeAbiCMMT3X)T AdHHbIM 06pa3 H3AMOpa/lbHOM CM/IOM, n03T0My Heo u e H M B a e M b i M c tomxm 3 p e H M 9\ n o /io > x M T e n b H o ro m/im O TpM uaTenbH oro . O A H 03H 3M H oro OTBeTa Ha AaHHbiM B onpoc

HeT m, no-BM AM M O M y, He 6 y A e T , noTO M y mto xa>xAbm M3

MCcneAOBaTeneM TBopMecTBa M. B y /ira x o B a , o 6 paTMBWMMCfl

x 3tom n p o 6 / ie M e , 6 y A e T n p e A C T a B /is iT b c o 6 c T B e H H b ie

(M HTepnpeTauM O H H bie no cyrv\) aoboan b n o /ib 3 y oahom m/im ApyroM no3MUMM.

flMa/iexTMMecxaa npoTMBono/io>xHOCTb AB/iaeTCfl CBOMCTBOM BCeX C/10>XHblX 06"beXT0 B, B TOM MMC/ie M CBOMCTBOM pea/lbHOM peMeBOM XOMMyHMXaUMM [CMAOpOB1 9 8 7 6 , c . 3 3 ] . I/I h e c m o t p n Ha T e c H o e B33MMonpoHMXHOBeHMe (nopo>xAeHMe peMM coAep>xMT b ce6e MAea/ibHyx) MOAe/ib co6eceAHMxa m TeM caMbiM ynpaB/iaeT Mepe3 TexcT noHMMaHMeM; noHMMaHMe b xaMecTBe MAea/ibHOM MOAe/iM onpeAe/iaeT c[}yHxuMX) m CTpyxTypy

TexcTa, a c /ie f lO B a T e / ib H O , B /n /m e T H a n o p o > x f le H n e ) ,

noH U M aH ne n no po >xfleH ne fln a /ie K T H H ecxn npoTHBopeHHBbi:

«...ohm n p e flo n p e fle /if lx r r n O TpnuaiO T a p y r f lp y r a » [C n flo p o B

19876, c. 37]. 3 t o o6"bflCHfleTCfl TeM, h t o ohm CB53aHbi c M aTepna/iM 3ai4neM M flea /ib H o ro (n e p e x o ^ a M bic/in b c /io b o ),

h o B 3 a n M O o 6 p a T H b i : b n o H H M a H H H o c y iu e c T B J ia e T C f l

c y e te K T M B a u n ^ c /iO B a, a b n o p o > x fle H n n - o O te K T n B au i/m

M bicnn, n fle n .

no3TOMy cyTb KOMMyHMKaTMBHoro npouecca pacxpbiBaeTca b aM6nBa/ieHTHOCTn TexcTa: c oahom

CTOpOHbl, 6eCKOHeHHa51 MHO>KeCTBeHHOCTb BOCnpM51TMM, c flpyron - KOHeHHaa eflHHHHHOCTb aBTopcTBa. ripn 3tom nyTb pexoHCTpyxunn BeêT ncc/ieflOBaTe/ifl k efli/mnHHOMy -

aflpecaHTy, aBTopy, Ki a nyTb KOHcrpyxunn - k 6ecxoHeHHO MHO>xecTBeHHOMy aflpecaTy, HHTaTe/ix), K2+...

CxeMa 2

Koppe/15H4M5l MOfle/ lM KOMMyHMKaTMBHoro npouecca n npnHUHnoB o6pa6oTKM MHCôpMaumi

X <-> T <-> X ...t 2*peKOHCTpyKAnn <-> KOHCTpyKijHfl

aHann3 <-> cnme3

flBn>xeHne o t aflpecaTa x Texcry npeflno/iaraeT aHa/iM3 5i3bixoBbix cpeflCTB. flBn>xeHne o t TexcTa x aflpecaTy npnBOflMT k MHTepnpeTaunn, pe/ieBaHTHon fl/ia flaHHoro cy6"beKTa. r ip n 3 to m BOcnpnsiTne TexcTa aflexBaTHO ziOTMaHOBCKOMy xy/ibTypHOMy B3pbiBy, coflep>xaLueMy Ha6op BapnaHTOB, n3HanajibHO chhohhm hhhwx, ho pacxoflfliuHxca b ceMaHTMHecxoM npocTpaHCTBe b TeneHne onpeae/ieHHoro BpeMeHM noc/ie Hero: «HacTOfliuee (b HaiueM c/iynae - TexcT. - HD.3.) - 3to BepuiHHa eiue He pa3BepHyBwerocfl CMbic/iOBoro npocTpaHCTBa. O h o coflep>xnT b ce6e noTeHuna/ibHO Bee bo3mo>khocth 6yflymnx nyTen pa3BHTH5.

Ba>KHO n o f l H e p K H y T b , h t o Bb i 6 o p o a h o t o m3 h m x H e

OnpeAGAAeTCA HM 3aXOHaMM npnHMHHOCTM, HM BepOATHOCTbK)

- b M O M e H T B 3 p b i B a ( b H a w e M c / i y n a e - b M O M e H T

BOcnpkiATMA T e x c T a . - HD.3 .) 3tm M exaH M 3M bi nonHOCTbX)

O T x / i x ) h a x j t c a . B b i 6 o p 6 y A y i A e r o p e a n n 3 y e T C A x a x

c n y n a n H O C T b . n o s T O M y o h o 6 n a A a e T o n e H b B b ic o x o n

c re n e H b X ) MHc|DopMaTMBHOCTM» [JlOTMaH 1992, c. 28]. Taxi/iM

0 6 p a 3 0 M , M3 MHO>XeCTBa 3AeMeHTOB TexcT a CMHTe3MpyeTCA

m a g a , y c B o e H H a a a A P G c a T O M . B x a x o n - T O m o m c h t

nO HM M aHkie GG XOMMyHMXaHTaMM TO>XAGCTBeHHO, HO HeM

A aA biue ohm o t T e xc T a , TeM 6 oA bm e noABAAeTCA pa3AMHMM.

n o A o 6 Hbie >xe np o u eccb i H a6 AX)Aax)TCA b m o m ch t co 3AaHMA

T e x c T a , noTO M y h t o npM HUkin «C T p a T e rn M n p n o p M T eT O B »

AGMCTByeT m a a a co3AaTeAA T e xcT a. H aM 6 oAeG OTxpoBeHHO

o cy 6 "bGXTMBHOCTM TexcTa cxa3aA a M. UBeTaG Ba, 03arAaBM B

OAHO M3 CBOMX TBOpeHMM «MOM l1yLlJXMH».

YHMTblBaA HaAMHMe TpaHCC[}OpMaUMOHHblX MexaHM3MOB

n p n n e p G A a n e M H c j D o p M a u M M , a T a x > x e p a 3 A m h H o e

H an o A H eH k ie xo H u en T O B xoM M yHkixaH TO B m o>xho CAGAaTb

BblBOA o T OM, HTO IIO A H O e , a 6 CO A X)TH O e nOCTM>XeHM e

a B T O p C X O M M b I C A M , MAGM H e B 0 3 M 0 > X H 0 . M A G A >Xe,

nopo>xAGHHaA b H eA p ax co3HaHMA aA PG caTa, npnHaAAG>xMT

T O A b x o p e u k i n M e H T y . O H a 3 G p x a A b H o e O T p a > x e H M e

aB T o p c xo ro 3aM bicA a, OAHaxo OHa He TO>xAGCTBeHHa eM y.

T a x M M o 6 p a 3 0 M , n p o k i c x o A H T o 6 p a i A a e M O C T b

a H T MH O MMM b x o M M y H M x a T M B H O M n p o u e c c e . C OAHOM

c ro p o H b i, aAPGcaHT co 3A aeT TexcT , ho ABM>xeHne x HeM y o t

TexcTa ho cm t x a p a x T e p o 6 paTHOM cba3m. C A p y ro n CTopoHbi,

a A P G c a T , B o e n p M H M M a A T e x c T , c o B e p m a e T n o n b i T X M

o 6 H apy>xM Tb n o o n p e A G A e H H b iM 3 H a x a M t o , h t o x o T e A

B bipa3M Tb aA P G ca H T , h o o h b n p o u e c c e M H T ep n p eT au M M

T B O p M T H O B O e n p O M 3 B e A G H M e . T a x p e X O H C T p y X U M A

o6paiuaeTCfl xoH crpyxunen n Hao6opoT, a aHa/in3 - CHHTe30M.

TeKCT KaK npof lyKT fleflTejibH O C Tn n e p s o r o y n a c T H M K a n o 6 i>eKT f le ^ T e /i bHOCTn B T o p o r o ynacTHMKa. TeKCT n nflea. noHHMaHne n HHTepnpeTauna flBJiaeTCfl peaxunen cy6"bexTa xoMMyHnxaunn Ha cnma/ibi TexcTa. MexaHH3MOM, ocymecTBJifliOLAHM CBSBb Me>xfly Hen n c j io b o m b paMxax MOfle/in CTHMy/i - peaxuna, flB/iaeTCfl annepuenuna, xoTopaa ecTb «ynacTne n3Becmbix Macc npeflCTaB/ieHnn b o6pa30BaHnn h o b w x Mbic/ien» [lloTe6Hfl 1 9 7 6 , c. 1 2 6 ] . OHa BbiCTynaeT M e x a H n 3 M O M , conpoBO>xAax)LAnM nepeBOA n nepeflany nHcjDopMaunn o t

aflpecaHTa x a^pecaTy, 6a3on a / ia nHTepnpeTaunn. Ho b

r/iy6nHax nHTepnpeTaunoHHbix npoueccoB, cnnpa/ieBHAHO BpamaiOLAHxcfl b Typ6y/ieHTHbix co3HaHnax n Mbiuj/ieHnax, ecTb Hexnn ueHTp, reHepnpyKDiunn CMbic/iOBbie cnma/ibi. 3 t h m ueHTpoM 5iB/i5ieTC5i xoMn/iexc TexcTOBbix nflen.

Coflep>xaTejibHbin xoMn/ iexc TexcTa flB/iaeTCfl ypoBHeBbiM o6pa30BaHneM. Kax OTMenaeT E.B. CnflopoB, «peneBoe coflep>xaHne cymecTByeT b AByx c|DopMax: b

cjDopMe nfleanbHoro coAep>xaHHfl b co3HaHnn o6iAax)LAHxcfl /uoAen n b cjDopMe MaTepna/ibHoro coAep>xaHHfl 3HaxoB, n3 xoTopbix cocTonT peneBoe npon3BefleHne. B OT/innne o t

peneBoro 3Haxa, MaTepna/ibHOCTb xoToporo BHenpeflMeTHa, MaTepna/ibHOCTb A3bixoBoro 3Haxa ecTb MaTepna/ibHOCTb HexoTopon HenpoAHHaMnnecxon cncreMbi M03ra» [CnAopoB 19876, c. 31]. TaxnM o6pa30M, A3bixoBon (Bep6a/ibHbin) ypoBeHb HaxoAHTca Ha «noBepxHOCTn» TexcTa. C / io b o

BbiCTynaeT b xanecTBe cpeACTBa ocjDopM/ieHn^, OBemecTB/ieHnsi n MaTepna/in3aunn pea/ibHOCTn TexcTa; o h o

t o t x o a , xoTopbin no3BOJiaeT penpe3eHTnpoBaTb TexcTOByx) nHclDopMaunio b ne/iOBenecxoM co3HaHnn; o h o - o6o/ionxa TexcTa. HapsiAy c 3 t h m , c / io b o 06/iaAaeT 3HaneHneM b

noTeHUMM n CMbic/ioM b flaHHOM, KOHxpeTHon p e a jin 3 a u n n ,

h t o c o c T a B /m e T n e p B b ik i c o f l e p w a T e / i b H b i n y p o B e H b

n p o n 3 B e fle H k m , i/m a n e ro B o p a - noB epxH O C TH bm yp o B eH b

ceMaHTMKM T e x c T a . n e p B O H a n a /ib H O 3Ta c o fle p w a T e /ib H a s i

p e a /in 3 a u k m noflH kiHaeTC fl aB T o p c x o M y 3 a M b ic /iy , a 3a T eM ,

K o rfla p a 6 oTa H afl T e x c ro M 3 a B e p iu e H a n o h o c rp a H e H o t

a f lp e c a H T a , CM bic/ibi n o n a f la x r r b 3aB ncnM O C Tb o t n f le n .

C aM a n fle a cym ecTB yeT n cjDyHKunoHnpyeT Ha flp y ro M ypoB H e

c o fle p x a H M ^ T excT a.

B x y f l o > x e c T B e H H O M T e x c T e Mbi H a 6 / i x ) f l a e M

co fle p > x aH n e , o p ra H H 3 0 B a H H o e no n p n H u n n y M aTpeu iK n . B H eM M f le a H a x o flM T C 5 i b r / i y 6 n H e c o f l e p w a T e / i b H o r o

K O M n/iexca. B Hexyflo>xecTBeHHOM T e x c re c o flep w a T e /ib H as i

C TpyxTypa MO>xeT nM eTb my\o o p ra H H 3 a u n x ). B H en n fle a

T e x c T a MO>xeT B b ip aw a T b c s i b n /u iO K yT k iB H o n y c T a H O B x e

a f l p e c a H T a . T a x , b n p n x a 3 e ( p a 3 H O B H f l H O C T b

o c tD M U M a /ib H O -fle /io B b ix T e x c T O B ) mn e n n p e f l C T a B / i e H a

MMnepaTkiBOM « n p n K a 3 b iB a x )» , a b nk icbM e-npo iueH kiki OHa

p e n p e 3 e H T k ip y e T C 5 i no cp eflC T B O M C T a H fla p T H 3 n p o B a H H o n

cjDopMy/ibi, o 6 biHHO 3aBepiuaK )Lfleki T e x c T « n p o iu y .. .» . npki

3 to m b OT/ikiHkie o t x y flo > x e c T B e H H o ro T e x c T a b fla H H b ix

npkiM epax n fle a a x c n /in u n p o B a H a ki He T p e 6 ye T nocrn>xeHkm .

O n p e f le n k iT b cym H O C Tb n f le n T e x c T a m o>xho n e p e 3

c o n o c T a B /ie H k ie . T a x , OHa cooTHOCkiMa co 3H aneH kieM x a x

c o fle p > x a T e n b H b m K O M n oH eH T C T p y x T y p b i. A.A. n o T e 6 Hfl

O TM ena/i, h to n f le a , x a x 3H aneH kie c/iO B a, cnHTeTkiHHa, ki6 o

c o f l e p > x a H k i e k i M e e T « B 0 3 M 0 > K H 0 C T b o 6 o 6 iu e H k m ki

y r / iy 6 /ieH km » [ llO T e 6 Hfl 1976, c. 182] ki TO/ibKO b ckiHTe3e c ApyrkiMki KOMnoHeHTaMki C 03flaeT 5i3biK kinki kicxyccTBO. M flea ,

x a x 3H aneH kie c/iO B a, c n o c o 6 Ha «p acT k i» ki «pa3B H B aTbC fl» ,

h o « y > x e H e b x y flo > K H k iK e ( a f l p e c a H T e . - HD.3 .), a b

noHkiM ax)Lflnx» [flOTe6H5i 1976, c. 180-181].

1/lfleM b onpefle/ieHHOM CMbic/ie noflo6Ha KOHuenTy. OHa, KaK m KOHuenT, MeHTa/ibHoe o6pa30BaHne ( m jim -

TpaHcueHfleHTa/ibHoe?). OHa, KaK m KOHuenT, He MO>KeT 6biTb coBepiueHHO aaeKBaTHO nepeaaHa M3biKOBbiMM cpeflCTBaMM m , HaKOHeu, OHa, KaK i/i KOHuenT, m b jim o t c m

MepapxMHecKM o p r a h M30Bah h o m c t p y K T y p o m c

KOMnOHeHTaMM MHTepCy6'beKTHblMl/l l/l CyOteKTl/IBHblMI/l. B 3TOM CMblCne MfleM l/l30M0pc[}Ha KOHuenTy, HO, MB/lMMCb OTo6pa>xeHMeM noc/ ie^Hero, OHa CTpyKTypi/ipyeT m

ynopMflOHMBaeT t e k c t , 3epKa/ ibHO OTpawaa m

TpaHCCjDOpMMpyM M bl C/1 MTe/1 bH bl e o 6 "beKTbl. X. OpTera-M-TaceT rmca/i 06 i/iêax: « . . . o h m Mppea/ibHbi. n pi/iHi/iMaTb m x 3a pea / ibH b ie b e m m - 3 h a h m t

Mflea/ iM3MpoBaTb, o 6 o r a iu a T b m x , h a m b h 0 m x

Ct}a/lbCMC[}MI4MpOBaTb. 3aCTaB/lMTb >Ke MfleM >KMTb B MX C06CTBeHH0 M M p p e a /1 bHOCTM - 3TO 3H3 H MT < ... >pea/iM30BaTb Mppea/ibHoe m m c h h o KaK Mppea/ibHoe. 3flecb Mbl He MfleM OT C03HaHMM K MMpy, CKOpee Hao6opOT, Mbl CTpeMMMCM BflOXHyTb >KM3Hb B CXeMbl, 06"beKTMBMpyeM 3TM B H yTpe HHM e m c y 6 "beKTMb h bie KOHCTpy k u m m » [OpTera-M-TaceT 1991, c. 252]. TaKMM o6pa30M, MêM xyflo>KecTBeHHoro TeKCTa nocmraeTCM b pe3y/ibTaTe annepuenuMM.

M

Pmc. 2.1. l1ocTii>KeHlie tgkctobom v \ f \e v \

flaHHbie n0J10>KeHMfl MO>KHO npOM/1/lKDCTpnpOBaTb KOHKpe T Hbi M n p n M e p o M . O/ j HM m M3 c n o c o 6 o B MaTepMa/iM3auMM Mflea/ibHoro, «pynopoM» onpefle/iem-ibix TeKCTOBbIX MfleM flBJlfleTCfl XyflO>KeCTBeHHblM o6pa3, KOTOpbIM C M H T e 3M p yeT B H y T p e H H e e m B H e w H e e m n p e f lC T a B /ia e T

coflep>KaTe^bHbiM KOMrmeKC b cbomx nocTynxax, ixeiACJsmx, b to m HMC/ie - peneBbix. Tax, b poMaHe M. By/iraxoBa « M a cT e p m M a p r a p MT a » b peneB bix axTax B o/iaH fla penpe3eHTMpoBaH KOMrmeKC MêM, OTpawaioujMx ero npeflcraBJieHMe o pea/ibHocm, HanpMMep Mêa flBM>xeHM5i, v\i\e5\ 3 h a h m51, Mêa H e / i o B e x a , MfleM b p e m e h m m

npocTpaHCTBa m np. npn yneTe reHe3Mca 3Toro nepcoHa>KaCTaHOBMTC51 OHeBMflHOM Heo6blHHOCTb, HeHOpMa/lbHOCTb C

to m km 3 peH M5i ne /ioB exa npeflCTaB/ieHMM B o/iaH fla o BpeMeHM m n pocTpa HCTBa. l/l3HaHa/ibHafl ycraHOBxa Ha Cnei4MC[}MMHOCTb n pOCTpaHCTBeHHO-BpeMeHHOM MfleM, ac ji e o b a t e n b h o , m h a m b m a y a n b h o c t b m

n e p c o H M c | D M U M p o B a H H O C T b ee B o r m o m e H M f l b TexcTe 6y/iraKOBCxoro npoM3BefleHMfl, o6painax)T k TpexnacTHOM CTpyxType xyflo>xecTBeHHoro npoM3BefleHMfl: BHewHfla

cjDopMa ( c t io b o ) - BHyTpeHHMM cjDopMa (o6pa3) - coflep>KaHMe

( m a c m ) .

OflHaxo Hi/rraTe/ib «3axaTHoro» poMaHa M. By/iraxoBa o 6 / i a f l a e T xapTMHOM MMpa, o t / i m h h o m b CM/iy MHAMBMAya/lbHOCTM >XM3HeHHOrO OnblTa M OnblTa M3blXOBOrO cy mecTBOBa h mm o t xapTMHbi mm pa M. By/ira xoBa. Co3flaHMe noc/ieflHero poMaHa npeACTaB/iM/io c o B o m npouecc Bep6a/lbHOM XOflMpOBXM Onpefle/ieHHOM MHCjDOpMaUMM c yneTOM aBTopcxoM m HTeH u m m . OflHaxo Ha/i mm Me, no MeHbiueM Mepe, nsrrn peâxuMM poMaHa CBMfleTe/ibCTByeT xax o b o 3 m o >x h o m CMeHe HaMepeHMM aBTopa, Tax m o

c / i o >x h o c t m x penpe3eHTauMM aBTopcxoM MêM b TexcTe. KpoMe Toro, noc/ieflHMM BapnaHT poMaHa He m b / im c t c m

OXOHM3Te/lbHbl M M OXOHMeHHbIM nO npMMMHe CMepTM nMcaTe/iM. B c b m 3 m c 3t m m , o m o b m a h o , m t o coflep>xaHne, xoTopoe a o / i >x h o 6 bi/io no 3aMbic/iy M. By/ iraxoBa nepeflaBaTbC5i nocpeACTBOM npoM3BeAeHMM, npeAcraB/ieHO b

MCxa>xeHHOM BMfle. 3 t m MCxa>xeHMM ycM/iMBax)TCM, ec/iM npMHMTb BO BHMM3HMe TOT C|)aXT, MTO nMCaTe/lb >XM/1 B

nepBOM no/iOBMHe XX b ., no3TOMy MfleM, Bbicxa3biBaeMbie m m ,

m onMCbmaeMbie pea/iMM Bbi3biBax)T b MMTaTe/ie XXI b . m h o m

xoMn/iexc accouMauMM m / im He Bbi3biBaiOT m x BOoBiue. no3TOMy Haiue cyBtexTMBHoe BoenpMMTMe poMaHa, noHMMaHMe m MHTepnpeTauMM ero MfleMHO-coflep>xaTe/ibHoro xoMn/iexca OT/iMnaiOTCM o t aBTopcxoro m / i m ApyrMx MMTaTe/ieki.

l/lc x o a m M3 npM poA bi xoM M yH M xauM M m C TpyxTypbi

xoM M yH M xaTM B H oro a x T a , noHMTMe m a g m T ex c T a m o >x h o

onpeAe/iM Tb xax xoH uenTya/ibH oe Bon/ioiueHM e OTHOLueHMM

Me>XAy MMpOM MbILU/ieHMM M MMpOM npOAyXTa Me/lOBeMeCXOM

A e M T e / l b H O C T M . B 3 TOM M A G 3/1 bH O M ( r / i y 6 M H H O M )

o 6 p a 3 0 BaHMM o 6 Hapy>xMBaiOTCM AHHaMMnecxMe n p o u eccb i,

0 6 yC /1 0 B /ie H H b ie M H A M B M A y a / l bH b IM M OCOBeHHOCTMMM

BOcnpkiATMA c y O te x T a n conpoBO>xAax)U4kiecA MHO>KeCTBeHHOCTbK) MHTepnpeTaUMM. C 3THM CBA3aHa KOHuenTyanbHaA xoHcrpyxTkiBHOCTb npouecca nopo>xAeHHA n noHMMaHMa nAen TexcTa xax npoAyxTa AeATeAbHOcrn aflpecaHTa n oOtexTa agatca bHocrn aflpecaTa.

TexcTOBaA (flkiCKypcHaA) /lkiHHOCTb. PaccMOTpeHkie cyO texTk iB H oro cjjaxTopa b A3bixe CTaa o o a h o m n3 ueHTpaAbHbix npo6AeM coBpeMem-ioro A3bixo3HaHHA n npkiBeAO MCCAeAOBaieAeki x n3yHeHnio A3bixoBon a u h h o c t h .

BnepBbie noHATkie A3bixoBon a u h h o c t u noABkiAOCb b

pe3yAbTaTe pa3pa6oTxn npo6AeM no oOyneHnio A3bixy. «noH A Tkie « A3bixoBaa a n h HOCTb» (h o m o lo q u e n s ) ynoTpe6AAeTCA name a a a o6o3HaneHHA poAOBoro CBoncrBa homo sapiens BOo6iAe. O h o pa3pa6aTbiBaeTCA c 3aMeTHon 3CtDC[}eXTklBHOCTbK) B AHHrBOAHAaXTHHeCXHX UeAAX, ki Ha AOCTkirHyTOm Hbme ypoB H e o 6o 6 m eHHbix HaynHbix npeAcraBAeHm n o Hen «A3bixoBaA AHHHOCTb» BbiCTynaeT xax M HorocnokiH bm , m h o t o x o m noH eH TH bin , CTpyxTypHO ynopAAOHeHHbiki Ha6op A3bixoBbix cnocoOHOcren, yMeHnn, roTOBHOCTeki npoki3BOAkiTb ki BOcnpkiHkiMaTb peneBbie npoki3BeAGHkiA» [KapayAOB 1987, c. 70].

llepBblM nOHATkie A3blXOBOM AHHHOCTH X XOHXpeTHOMy kiHAMBkiAy npkiAO>xkiA B.B. BkiHorpaAOB, oOpaTkiBwncb x xyAO>xecTBeHHbiM npon3BeAeHHAM, b xoTopbix o h b h a g a

« o c o 6yx) ccjDepy TBopnecTBa a n h h o c t u » . n o 3 A H e e BCeCTOpOHHAA kl UeAOCTHaA XOHUenUklA A3blXOBOM AkiHHOCTki 6bma onkicaHa 10.H. KapayAOBbiM b MOHorpacjDkiki «Pyccxnn A3bix ki A3bixoBaA AkiHHOCTb» [KapayAOB 1987]. 5l3bixoBaA AkiHHOCTb npeACTaBAAeT c o 6 on Hexyx) m o a g a b c onpeAeAeHHbiM HaOopoM npeAcraBAeHnn 06 yHkiBepcyMe, O T p a> x e HH b i x b A3b i x e c o 3 H a H k i e M n e A O B e x a ki 3ac[ }k ixckipoBaHHbix c noMOLAbio o n p e A G A e H H b i x oOiAenpkiHATbix cjDopM, ki noTeHUkiaAbHbix HaBbixoB, yMenm,

MOTMBOB, 06yCJ10BJlMBaKDLUMX 6blTM e H e /lO B ex a . O flHaKO

H a p M fly C M3bl KOBOM JlMHHOCTbKD B CC|)epy M 3yHeHM M

M C C /ie f lO B a T e /ie k i T e x c T a n o n a a a e T m T e x c T O B a M

(flMCxypcHaM) /iMHHOCTb, xoTopaM onpeae/iMeTCM xax cjDaxTop

pea/iM 3aunM noTeHUMM m3 w ko bo m / im h h o c t m m xoppe/iM pyeT c JlMHHOCTbKD B Ue/IOM [3eMCKaM, naHHeHKO 1 9 9 8 ].

J1kd6 om axT KOMMyHMKauMM T p e6yeT o t KOMMyHMxaHTOB

B bino/iH eH M M o n p e f le / ie H H b ix p o /ie B b ix o 6 M 3 a T e /ib C T B ,

06yC M 0 B JieH H b lX KOH K p e T H bl M M 06CT0M T e / l b C T B a M M ,

yCJIOBMMMM 06lUeHMM, OTHOLUeHMMMM Me>Kfly Cy6"beKTaMM M

n p ., a Tax>xe couM a/ibHbiM M , HauM O Ha/ibHO -xy/ibTypHbiM M

TpaflMUMMMM, 3aK p en /ieH H b iM M b 3T M xeT e . 3 t o B e ^ e T k

T p a h cc|d o p m a 14 m m / i m h h o c t m n p M n O f l T O H K e K

K O M M y H M K a T M B H b I M pOJ I MM MJIM n p M C 0 3 f l a H M M

o n p e f le / ie H H o r o o 6 p a 3 a , «MMMf l >xa » . K o M M yH M x aH T b i,

BCTynaM b o 6 iu e H M e m co 3 flaB aM c o o 6 iu e H M e / T e x c r ,

(J)OpMMpyK)T CBOM 0 6 p a 3 b l, HepeflKO He 0C03HaBaM 3TOrO.

TeM He MeHee xa>KflbiM T e x c r coflep>KMT o6pa3bi roBopM iuero

m c/iyiuaKDLuero, mx TexcroBbie /im hhoctm .

n p o 6 /ie M a o n p e fle /ieH M M O H TO /io rM H ecxoro c ra T y c a

noHMTMM «TexcTOBaM /iMHHOCTb» o6ocrpMeTCM npM Bbi6ope

T e x c T a x y f l o > x e c T B e H H o r o n p o M 3 B e f l e H M M o O t e x T O M

Jl MHTBMCTMHeCKOrO M CCJieflO Ba H MM. K p y r BOn p OCOB,

B03HMKaK)U4MM b cbm3m c noflo6HOM nocTaHOBKOM npo6/ieM bi,

onMCbmaeTCM b to m HMC/ie B3aMMOfleMCTBMeM aB T o p a m

3 M a H a u m m a B T o p c x o r o c o 3HaHMM - n e p c o H a > x a . Mnp x y f l o > x e c T B e H H o r o n p o M 3 B e f l e H M M o 6 M a H H M B CBoeM

pea/ibHOCTbKD. HMTaTe/ib n o n a a ae T b ceTb mji/ikd3mm, no/iaraM

ee fleMCTBMTe/ibHOCTbKD. «X o p o iu M e » poM aH , noBecTb m/im

p a c c x a 3 C03flaKDT 3 T y MJ1J1KD3MKD, Bbl3bl B3M c n o p b l 0

n p o T O T M n a x n e p c o H a > x e M , o B p e M e H M npoM CxoflM LUM x

co6biTMM, o to h h o c tm b fleTa/iM x 6biTonMcaHMM m np. npM 3 t o m 3 a 6 b i B a e T C M , h t o H a 6 / i K D f l a e M o e - x o n m m ,

Mbic/iMTe/ibHbiM KOHCTpyKT p e a jib H O c m , r f le n p e 6 biBax)T He

aB Top m f lp y m e jikd^m, a e ro o 6 p a 3 m nepcoHa>KM» [JloTM aH

1992, c. 44-45].

T e p M M H « T e K C T 0 B a 5 ( f l M C K y p C H a ^ ) J l M H H O C T b »

B K / i K ) n a e T b c e 6 a o r m c a H M e M C C J i e f l O B a T e j i b c x o r o

K O H C T p y K T a , M M e H y e M o r o ji m h H O C T b K ) b y c j i O B M s i x

nopo>K fleH i/m p e n M . n p M H eM MecTO tc k c to b o m jim h h o c tm

o n p e f le / i^ e T C ^ H e B H e T e x c T a , a B H yT p i/i H e r o . « M b i

o iu y iu a e M e r o (T e x c T . - HD.3 .) x a x « q q e / ia H H o e » , x a x

n p e flH a M e p e H H o e . A npeflH aM epeH H O C Tb T p e 6 y e T nanm m cy 6 "beKTa, o t x o T o p o ro OHa m cxo^m t, KOTopbiM flBJiaeTCfl ee m ctohhm kom ; t3km m o 6 p a 3 0 M ... npoM 3B efleH M e n p e a n o jia ra e T

cym ecTB O B aH ue n e jio B e x a . C jieflO B aTejibH O , cy 6 "beKT flaH He

BHe... np o n 3B efleH M 5, a b HeM caM OM » [Myxap>xoBCKMM 1994, c. 515]. T e x c r p e n p e 3 e H T n p y e T JIMHHOCTb ro B o p s u u e ro

cy 6 "beKTa, b HacTHOCTM e ro «TeKCTOByx)» M n o cracb , h to fla e T

n p a B O r o B o p M T b o T e x c T O B O M j i m h h o c t m c y 6 " b e x T a

r o B o p a i u e r o , K O T o p a a A B J i a e T C f l o c h o b o m e r o

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM fleflTeJlbHOCTM. TeKCTOBafl JIMHHOCTb eCTb

CMCTeMHO opraH M 30B aH H a5 C TpyxTypa, cjDyHKUMOHMpyKDiuafl b

yc/iO B M flx peneBOM KOMMyHMxauMM. O H a orm cbiB aeTC fl x a x

OC H OB a K 0 H C T p y M p 0 B a H M 5 C0 6 C T B e H H 0 r 0 y c n o B H o r o

(T excT O B o ro ) MMpa, a T a io x e B3aMMOOTHOiiieHMM c flpyrMMM

Cy6 "beKTaMM KOMMyHMKaUMM.

TeKCTOBan /w w h o c tb Bcer/ja mh/jmbm/jya/ibHa. Heo6xoflMMO roBopMTb He o cpe^HeM, 6e3/iMKOM TexcTOBOM

JIMHHOCTM, a TOJlbKO 0 «>KMBOM hiC et nunC flaHHbIM

TBOpHeCKMM J1MK, B / ja H H O M MCHepnblBaK)U4MMC51» [LUneT

1996, c. 258]. B OTJiMHMe o t sb n k o b o m jim h h o ctm , nqpoM,

o c h o b o m k o to p o m ^BJiêTC^ HauMOHajibHoe [KapayjiOB

1987], TexcTOBaa JIMHHOCTb o 6 jiaflaeT MHflMBMflyajibHOM,

KOHKpeTHOM XapaKTepMCTMKOM. B OCHOBaHMM TeKCTOBOM

jim hhoctm jie>KMT MHflMBMflyajibHOCTb, flaHHaa HaM b Texcrax

n nocpeflCTBOM TexcTOB b npouecce xoMMyHnxaTnBHon Ae^Te/ibHOCTn AaHHon xoHxpeTHon j ih h h o c th b ccjDepe ee TBopnecTBa. 1/lHflHBHflyajibHOCTb TexcTOBon j i h h h o c t h

o6Hapy>xnBaeTC5i b cpaBHeHnn c sb w xo b o h /inMHOCTbX) (noA

MHAHBHAya/ibHOCTbX) c/ieAyeT noHHMaTb n coBOxynHoro aBTopa).

TeKCTOBan / imnocTb MMeer flexTe/ibHOCTHyfo npnpo/jy. TexcTOBaa /inMHOCTb - 3 to 3/ieMeHT, Heo6xoAHM oe yc/iO Bne

xoMMyHnxaTnBHon A eflTe /ibH O cm p e a /ib H o ro cy6"bexTa. Ec/in

sBbixoBaa /lnMHOCTb OTpa>xaeT cn c re M y A3bixa, t o TexcTOBaa

/ i n M H O C T b p e a / i n 3 y e T C 5 i b p e n e x o M M y n n x a T n B n o n

AesiTe/ibHOCTn, n p n co3AaHnn n ncno /ib30B aH nn TexcTOBbix

MOAe/ien n CTpyxTyp. OHa AB/isieTCfl ochobom coTBopeH na

M n p a T e x c T a ( « > x n 3 H e H H o r o M n p a » , « y c / i O B H o r o

y H H B e p c y M a » ) , x o H C T p y n p y e T B 3 a n M O O T H O iu e H H 5 i c

cy6"bexTOM cnyiuax)LAHM nocpeACTBOM TexcTOBbix CTpyxTyp.

TeKCTOBah /m v H O C T b / j e r e p M n H n p y e r KaK noBepxHOCTHyto, ra x n rnydnHHyio c rp yxryp y TexcTa, t . e.

OHa yHMBepca/ibHO nH TerpnpoBaH a b T e xc re , BbmB/iaeTCfl Ha

B cex y p o B H ^ x , bo B cex C T p yxT yp a x n 3 /ie M e H T a x . E c /in

sob ixo B aa /inMHOCTb nepcoHa>xa n /n / in noBecTBO BaTe/ia b

xyAO>xecTBeHHOM T e xcT e AB /is ieTC fl ( 6 / i a r o A a p a c b o h m

c ncTeMH biM C B o n c T B a M ) « y i A e p 6 H o n » , o r p a H n n e H H o n ,

H eno /iH on, t o TexcTOBaa /inHHOCTb npeA craB /ieH a b TexcTe

bo Been no /iH O T e: nMeHHO OHa no3B O /iaeT nepcoH a>xaM

TOBOpnTb CBOHM C0 6 CTBeHHblM «£13blXOM».

B xyAO>xecTBeHHOM TexcTe T o /ib xo aBTop xa x h h a h b h a ,

n H T e p n o p n 3 n p o B a B i u n n o n p e A e / i e H H y x ) n a p T M T y p y

H a u n o H a / i b H o r o A 3 b i x a , Ha x o t o p o m H a n n c a H O

x y A O > x e c T B e H H o e n p o n 3 B e A e H n e , n M e e T s i 3 b i x o B y x )

/ inMHOCTb, a o 6 p a 3 a B T o p a n n e p c o H a > x n e e T o / i b x o

n M M T n p y x ) T . f lo O TH O iueH nx) x n o c / i e A H H M H a n 6 o / i e e

u e / ie c o o 6 p a 3 H O y n o T p e 6 / ie H n e T e p M m na « T e x c T 0 B a 5 i

/iM M H O C Tb». 0 6 p a 3 a B T o p a h n e p c o H a > x n n o p o > x f le H b i h

cym e cT B y iO T T o / ib x o b p a M x a x T e x c T a , h 3 a xn iO H e H n e o h h x

K a x O /1HHHOCT51X n p O H 3 B O flH T C fl T O /lbK O Ha OCHOBaHHH

T e x c T a , b to m MMC/ie n e p e 3 p e n e B b ie axT b i h b c o B O x y n H O c m

p e n e B b ix axTOB c dpaxrawwA x yq o > x e c T B e H H o ro M Hpa.

T a x M M o 6 p a 3 0 M , b o c H O B e o n e p a u n o H a / i b H o n

CTpyxTypbi TexcTOBOM / ih h h o c t h /ie>xnT npi/ieM OCTpaHeHM51

x a x /lM HrB O C TM /iM C TM M ecK a^ ocH O B a B c e ro T e x c T a (A.A. l l 0 T e 6 Hfl, B. L U k /io b c k h h h a p . ) . O flH a x o n p o ^ y x T p e n eB o n

A e flT e /ib H o c m n e /io B e x a (T e x c r ) MO>xeT 6 biTb paccM OTpeH He

T o /ib x o x a x a 6 c T p a x T H o e , 3 a M K H y T o e , c a M O flo c ra T O H H o e ,

« H M C T O e » 5 1 B / i e H M e , HO H BO BCe M C O B O X y n H O C T M

3 K C T p a / l H H T B H C T H H e C K H X C[ } aKTOpOB (CO U H a /1 b H bl X,

H auM O H a/ibH O -xy/ibTypH bix, n p a m a T H n e c K H x h n p .) . 1/lMeHHO

b TaxoM npoflB/ieHM M TexcT o n p e fle /ia e T C fl x a x fli/icxypc.

B f lk ic x y p c e Mbi H a 6 /n o fla e M /lH H H O crb , p e a /in 3 y x )L n y K ) b

KOHKpeTHOM CMTyaUMM KOMMyHMXaUMM KO M II/ieKC MOTHBOB,

yCTaHOBOK, HaBblKOB, 3HaHMM, y6e>K fleH H H nOCpeflCTBOM B ce x

f l o c T y n H b i x e m c p e ^ C T B ( x a x B e p 6 a / i b H b i x , T a x h

He B e p 6 a / ib H b ix ) . l / l3 y n e H n e f l i / ic x y p c a n o 3 B O /ia e T q q e / ia T b

BblBOfl 0 UeHHOCTHbIX npH O pi/ITeTaX M HflMBM fla, 0 e r o p o /lk l B

fla H H O M K O M M yH M K aTM B H O M C H T y a U H H , H a n o / iH e H H H H

coflep>xaHM M c o u n a / ib H o ro , x y / ib T y p H o ro h n p . xoH TexcTO B h

t . f l . TepM M H « f ln c x y p c H a f l /iMMHOCTb» n p i/ i^ a e T n p o f ly x T y

KOMMyHM xauMM flM HaM M M ecKM ki, O Txpb iTb iM x a p a x T e p , t . e .

n p e f ln o / ia r a e T n p n p a in e H n e 3a c n e T p e n e B b ix O Tpe3K O B ,

n o p o > K f le H H b ix x a x b 6 y f ly m e M , T a x n b n p o iu / iO M . O h

o xa 3 b iB ae T C fl iu n p e TepM H H a « T e K c ro B a fl /inH H O C Tb», h o TeM

H e M e H e e c o B n a ^ a e T c n o c / ie ^ H H M b c y u jH O C T H b ix

x a p a x T e p M C T M x a x h H H o n q a b K O H xp e T H b ix p e a / in 3 a u i/m x .

T a x , TeKCTO Baa ziHHHOCTb MO>xeT c / iH T b c a c f ln c x y p c H o n ,

H a n p n M e p , b T a x n x B n ^ a x K O M M y H n x a u n n x a x n n c b M O ,

jikipkmecKafl npo3a, ny 6 jiMHHoe BbiCTyrmeHMe mjim ny6jlMI4MCTMHeCKMM TeKCT OnpefleJieHHOM pa3HOBMflHOCTM.

1/lTaK, TeKCTOBafl / flMCKypCHa5l JIMHHOCTb 5IBJ15ieTC5l 06pa30BaHMeM, M30M0pc|DHblM A3blKOBOM J1MHHOCTM C TOHKM 3 p e h m C T p y K T y p b i m c tohkm 3peHM5i acnexTOB paccMOTpeHM5i. OflHaxo TexcTOBaa / flMCxypHaa JIMHHOCTb MHflMBMflyajibHa, fleaTejibHOcma, onpeflejiaeT mmp TexcTa, B3aMMOfleMCTBMe c flpyrMMM MMpaMM flpyrMx cy6beKTOB K O M M y H M K a u M M m B c e r ^ a n p e f l C T a b j i e h a b TexcTOBO-flMCxypcHbix CTpyxTypax.

KaTeropMM m K/iaccnc|D m i o u m m T e k c t o b , paccMaTpMBaeMbix b KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM acneKTe. Cocnoco6oM opraHM3auMM coflep>xaTejibHOM CTpyxTypbi TexcTa CB5i3aHO onpeflejieHMe OHTOJiorMnecxM npMcymero eMy CBOMCTBa - KaTeropMM KOMMyHMKaTMBHOCTM. B.M. rOJIOBMH B KHMre « B B e f l e H M e b A 3 b i K 0 3 H a H M e » nMcaj i o KOMMyHMKaTMBHOCTM xax o rpaMMaTMnecxoM KaTeropMM, nepeflax)iueM «xoMMyHMxaTMBHoe HaMepeHMe aBTopa penM, t. e. HaMepeHMe coo6iuMTb o neM-TO flpyrMM jikw m , MHane roBopa - KOMMyHMxaTMBHyx) ycTaHOBxy Bbicxa3biBaHM5i. 3Ta ycTaHOBxa Heo6xoflMMa ajia Toro, hto6w cjiyiuaTejib mjim HMTaTejib pearMpoBaji Ha Bbicxa3biBaHMe, corjiacMJica mjim He corjiacMJica c hmm. HeT hm oahoto npeflJio>xeHM5i (m BbicxaabiBaHM^), xoTopoe oxa3aj iocb 6 bi jiMiueHO KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM yCTaHOBKM M, CJieflOBaTeJlbHO, KaTeropMM KOMMyHMKaTMBHOCTM» [TOJIOBMH 1966, c. 195]. OflHaxo E.B. CMflOpOB 3aMeTMJl, HTO KOMMyHMKaTMBHOCTb «He MMeeT B OTflejibHbix Bbicxa3biBaHM5ix npeflMeTHO oaoaeMbix c|)opM» [CMflopoB 19876, c. 51] m, xax cjieflCTBMe, npeflJio>XMJi noHMMaTb flaHHyx) xaTeropMK) He xax rpaMMaTMnecxyx), a xax MHTerpaj ibHyx) , o6beflMH5iK)LuyK) A3biKOBbie,

cjDyHKUMOHa/ibHbie, cncreMHbie xaTeropnM, npncymne Texcry [CMflopoB 19876, c. 53].

Coflep>KaTenbHO >xe xaT e ropnM xoM M yH nxaTM BH O crn

onpefle/iMeTCM norpy>xeHHOCTbX) TexcTa b xoM M yH nxaunx).

« K o m My H M x a T M B H O C T b T e x c T a B b i p a > x a e T C M b e r o

Cn0C06H0CTM C/iyWMTb 3C|DC|DeXTMBHOM npeAMeTHO-3HaXOBOM OCHOBOM pa3BepTblBaHMM XOMMyHHXaUHH B CMCTeMy no/iHoro, TpexM/ieHHoro cocTaBa n, c/ieAOBaTe/ibHO, b xoHenHOM HTore b cnoco6 HOCTM o 6 ecneMMBaTb ycnex couna/ ibHoro B3ai/IMOfleMCTBMM JlX)AeM peHeBblMH CpeflCTBaMM. 1/lHblMM C/lOBaMM, XOMMyHMXaTMBHOCTb TeXCTa - 3TO ero xaMecTBeHHaM onpefle/ieHHOCTb cnoco6oM BXJix)HeHHM b CMCTeMy peneBOM xoMMyHMxauMM» [Cmaopob 19876, c. 51]. TaXMM 06pa30M, XOM MyHMxaTMBHOCTb «C[}MXCMpyeT AMHaMMMeCXMM npMHUMn CMCTeMHOM OpraHM3ai4MM TeXCTa» [Cmaopob 19876, c. 99] m AeMTe/ibHOcmyx) cyiAHOCTb XOMMyHMXaUMM.

l/lcxoAM M3 3TOrO, B OCHOBe X/iaCCMC|DHXaUHH TeXCTOB, xapaxTepM3yeMbix b xoMMyHMxaTMBHOM acnexTe, oxa3biBaeTCM npMHUMn nepBMMHOCTM / btopmmhoctm OpraHM3ai4MM TeXCTOBOH CMCTeMHOCTM. flaHHbIM npMHUMn HepeAxo Mcno/ib3yeTCM b xanecTBe cncTeMOo6pa3yx)LAero npM TaXCOHOMMMeCXOM paCCMOTpeHMM XOMMyHMXaUMM MxoMMyHMxaTMBHbix eAMHnu. Tax, 3. Cennp b CTaTbe «KOMMyHMXaUMM» pa3rpaHMMM/l nepBMMHbie M BTOpMMHbie xom MyHMxaTMBHbie n p o u e c c b i . K nepBMMHbiM xoMMyHMxaTMBHbiM npoueccaM oh OTHec cneAyx)LAMe: M3bix, >xecTMxy/iMUMX), MMMTauMX) ny6/iMMHoro noBeAeHMM n AP- BTOpMMHbie xoMMyHMxaTMBHbie cpeACTBa, no mhchmx) 3. Cennpa, aojiw hn o6/ierHaTb npouecc XOMMyHMXaUMM b o 6 iuecTBe, no3TOMy b hmx Bx/ix)Hax)TCM co3Aahne

C|)M3MHeCXMX yCAOBMM, CMMBO/1M3M M A3blKOBbienpeo6pa30BaHMA [CenMp 1993].

M.M. BaxTMH b pa6oTe o peneBbix >xaHpax, Hani/icam-iOM b 20-x roflax npownoro Bexa, MHane noHMMan nepBMHHOCTb m BTopkiHHOCTb npM xapaxTepmctmxe npoflyxTOB xoMMyHkixaTkiBHOM AeATeAbHOCTM. K rpynne nepBMHHbix >XaHpOB MM OblAM OTHeCeHbl eCTeCTBeHHO CAO>XMBLLIMe B

xoMMyHMxaTMBHOM npaxTMxe peneBbie >xaHpbi (HanpMMep, B o n p o c , n p o c b 6 a , T p e 6 o B a H M e m A P - ) - Ohm npoTMBonocTaBAeHbi >xaHpaM xyAbTMBMpyeMbim, peryAMpyeMbiM, o6pa6oTaHHbiM (btopmhhwm) - paccxa3y, craTbe, acce, noBecTM m t. a-

OnpeAGAAA peneB bie >xaHpbi xa x «OTHOCMTeAbHO ycTOMHMBbie TMnbi Bbicxa3biBaHMki» [BaxTMH 1979, c. 250], M.M. BaxTMH OTMenaA, h t o >xaHpoBoe CBoeo6pa3Me m

>XaHpOBaA MOAGAb 33BMCAT OT p9\f\3 CjDaXTOpOB, X XOTOpbIM O T H O C A T C A y C A O B M A M U e A M X 0 M M y H M X a U M M ,xoMno3MUMOHHoe nocTpoeHMe, TeMaTMnecxoe coAGp>xaHMe m

A3blXOBOM CTMAb. ECTeCTBeHHO, HTO H3AMHMe UeAOTOxoMnAexca >xaHpoonpeAGAAX)U4Mx cjDaxTopoB 3aTpyAHAeT xAaccMc|DMxai4MK) peneBbix >xaHpoB. OAHaxo m m c h h o

>XaHpOBaA pa3HOpOAHOCTb n03B0AMAa pa3rpaHMHMTb nepBMHHbie m BTopMHHbie >xaHpbi. npMHeM nepBMHHOCTb m

BTOpMHHOCTb peneBblX >XaHpOB nOHMMaGTCA M.M. BaXTMHbIM Hec[}yHxuMOHaAbHO [BaxTMH 1979, c. 252] , t . e. xax CMCTeMHO-CTpyXTypHaA npOCTOTa M CAO>XHOCTb.

HecMOTpA Ha t o , h t o noACMCTeMbi >xaHpoB He a b a a io tc a aBTOHOMHbiMM m nepBMHHbie >xaHpbi BbiciynaiOT B

P oam npoTOTMnoB BTopMHHbix >xaHpoB (HanpMMep, >xaHp «Tpe6oBaHMe» BbiCTynaeT npoTOTMnoM no OTHomeHMio x >xaHpy «npMxa3a»), «pa3AMHMe Mex<Ay nepBMHHbiMM m

BTOpMHHbIMM {MfleO/lOrMUeCKMMM >X3HpaMM (xypCMB HaLA. -

HD.3.)) Hpe3BbNaMH0 Be/ii/iKO n npnHunnna/ibHO...» [BaxTkiH 1979, C. 252]. npn 3TOM «B3aMMOOTHOLUeHMe nepBMHHbix H BTopi/iHHbix >kahpob n n p o u e c c MCTOpi/IHeCKOrO CjDOpMMpOBaHMM nOC/ieflHHX» TeCHO CBM3aHbl CO «CJ10>KH0M npo6 /ieMOM B3an mootholu eH hm M3bixa n nfleo /iornn, MMpoB033peHMM» [BaxTkiH 1979, c. 252-253].

n p o 6 / ieMa n f l e o / i o r n n n MnpoB033peHHM b coBpeMeHHOki c|)nJio/iornn opkieHTkipyeT ncc/ieflOBaTe/ieki Ha Bonpocbi 3c[)c|DeKTkiBHOCTki KOMMyHkiKaukiki, noHkiMaHkiM ki kiHTepnpeTaukiki, KapTkiHbi Mkipa ki np., b lumpokom CMbic/ie - Ha npo6/ieMy cy6"beKTa b M3bixe ki penn. M.M. BaxTkiH OTMena/i, hto «He Bee waHpbi oflkiHaxoBO 6/iaronpnMTHbi a/im OTpa>xeHkiM MHflkiBkiflya/ibHOCTki roBopMiuero b M3bixe BbiCKa3biBaHkiM». I/I fla/iee: «Han6o/iee 6/iaronpnMTHbi >xaHpbi xyflo>KecTBeHHOki /ikiTepaTypbi...», «HanMeHee 6 / i a r o n p k i M T H b i e y c ji o b n m aj im O T p a w e H n M MHflMBMflya/lbHOCTM B M3blKe Ha/lMHHbl B Tex peneBblX >xaHpax, KOTopbie Tpe6yiOT craHflapTHOki cjDopMbi, HanpnMep, bo MHomx Bkiflax fle/iOBbix floxyMeHTOB, b BoeHHbix KOMaHflax, b cnoBecHbix cnma/iax Ha npon3BOflCTBe ki flp.» [BaxTkiH 1979, c. 254].

TaxkiM o6pa30M, pa3rpaHkineHkie t c k c t o b Ha nepBkiHHbie ki BTopkiHHbie ao/i>kho ynkiTbiBaTb, no MHeHnio M.M. BaxTkiHa, «OTpa>xeHHOCTb» (pea/in30BaHH0CTb) HHflkiBkiflya/ibHOCTki KOMMyHkixaHTa, cneukicjDkiKy ue/ien ki yc/iOBnn KOMMyHkiKaukiki, ycTOkNkiBOCTb KOMno3HUHOHHOki ki TeMaTkinecKOki (nHct)opMaTHBHon) crpyKTypbi [BaxTkiH 1979, c. 255]. B noc/ieflHeki penpe3eHTnpyeTCM coflep>KaTe/ibHoe TexcTOBoe Mflpo - kifleM, MB/iMioinaMCM pe3y/ibTaTOM ue/ieki, HaMepeHkiki ki ycTahobok k o m MyHkixaHTOB, yc/iOBkiki KOMMyHkiKaukiki ki np.

Ec/in ue/ib (KaK 3aflana) KOMMyHMKaunn o6yc/iOB/ieHa H e o 6 xOflMMOCTbKD M3MeHeHM 9\ MMp0B033peHMf l KOMMyHMKaHTOB, MX MfleOJlOTMM, KapTMHbl MMpa (KaKCBepx3aflaHeM), t o b TaKOM c/ iynae nepecTpoMKa KOHuenTya/ibHOki KapTMHbl MMpa He MoweT ocyinecTB/iflTbca Ha ypoBHe noHMMaHMfl npocTbix KOMaHfl. Korâ npecynno3MTMBHbie cjDOHflbi KOMMyHMKaHTOB coBnaflaKDT (t. e. npM nepeflane / no/iyneHMM M3BecTHOM MHcjDopMauMM), bo3mo>kho TO/ibKO noHMMaHMe. Konqa >Ke nocrynaiOLnafl MHc|DopMauM5i hocmt npMHUMnMa/ibHO hobnm xapaKTep, OHa flo/i>KHa 6 biTb ocBoeHa m ycBoeHa cy6"beKTOM, t . e. mHTepnpeTMpoBaHa. TaKMm o6pa30M, onpeae/ ieHMe nepBMHHOCTM / btopmhhoctm TeKCTOB HenocpeflCTBeHHO CBsoaHO c npo6/ieMOM noHMMaHM m mHTepnpeTauMM.

OpraHM3ai4Mfl MHC|DOpMaTMBHOM CTpyKTypbl B nepBOM c/iynae OKa3biBaeTca npefle/ibHO npocroM, oflHoypoBHeBOM. MfleMHOe po C006lHeHM51 HaXOflMTC9\ Ha nOBepXHOCTM, coBnaflaeT c ue/ibio KOMMyHMKaUMM. 3tmm flocmraeTCfl Heo6xOflMMblM nep/lOKyTMBHblM 3C[DCtDeKT. Pea/lM3ai4M51 MHflMBMflya/ibHoro Hana/ia OKa3biBaeTca 3aTpyflHeHHOM (npecynno3MTMBHbie c|DOHflbi coBnaaaiOT), hto HepeflKO Bbi p a x a e T c ^ i b h a /i m h m m c |Dpa3-K / iMLue m CTaHflapTM3MpOBaHHblX BbipaêHMM, OrpaHMHMBaK)U4MX MHCjDOpMaUMOHHyKD M KO M n 03M U M 0 H H y KD CB0 6 0 fly KOMMyHMKaHTOB. BO BTOpOM C/iyHae Mbl CTa/lKMBaeTC51 CO C/IOKHOM, ypOBHeBOM OpraHM3ai4MeM MHCjDOpMaTMBHOM CTpyKTypbl, Ha m y6MHHOM ypoBHe kotopom OKa3biBaeTca MfleMHoe nqpo. Ero Bbin/ieHeHMe Tpe6yeT MHTepnpeTauMM, KOTopaa flB/iaeTCfl cy6"beKTMBHOM no CBoeM npnpoae m, KaK c/ieflCTBMe, npeflno/iaraeT pea/iM3auMK) KpeaTMBHoro noTeHUMa/ia cy6"beKTOB, b tom HMC/ie Ha ypoBHe TeMbi (COflepwaHMfl) M K0Mn03MI4MM, HTO, B CBOKD OHepeflb,

npkiBOflMT k M3MeHeHMK) ko huenTyajibHbix CMCTeMKOMMyHMKaHTOB.

K nepBoro pofla KOMMyHMxauMMM othocmtcm, HanpMMep, fle/iOBaM KOMMyHMKauMM, b kotopom coo6meHMe m no6y>KfleHMe k fleMCTBMMM He Tpe6yxrr Mfleo/iorMHecxoM TpaHcejDopMauMM. HacTMHHO nofl flaHHyK) py6pMKy nonaflaeT KOMMyHMKauMM B CM M, PR-KOMMyHMKaUMM B T3KMX >KaHpOBblX pa3HOBMflHOCTMX KaK MHC|DOpMaUMOHHaM 3aMeTxa,npe3eHTauMM m np. Hepeflxo HayHHaM KOMMyHMKauMM, MMeMUeMbKD flOnOJIHMTb flaHHbIMM MMeKDLflyKDCM KOHUenUMKD, OKa3biBaeTCM pea/iM3auMeM mmchho stom cjDopMbi KOMMyHMKauMM, HTO OTpa>KaeTCM TJiaBHblM 06pa30M B Te3MCaX KaK >KaHpOBOM pa3HOBMflHOCTM.

OflHaxo KOHuenTya/ibHO HOBbie HaynHbie B3r/iMflbi Tpe6yx)T mhom >xaHpoBOM penpe3eHTauMM. Ohm M3/iarax)TCM b MOHorpac|DMMx. TeM He MeHee, ochobhnm mctohhmkom BTOpMHHbIX >XaHpOB OKa3blBaeTCM XyflO>XeCTBeHHaM jiMTepaTypa. BnpTya/ibHaM pea/ibHOCTb xyflo>xecTBeHHoro npoM3BefleHMM, c/io>KHaM, MepapxMnecxaM MHcjDopMaTMBHaM m KOMno3MUMOHHaM CTpyxTypbi, oco6aM MfleMHO-acTeTMHecxaM HanpaB/ieHHOCTb m np. - Bee 3to no3BO/iMeT OTHecTM ero bo Bcex >xaHpoBbix pa3HOBMflHOCTMx k rpynne btopmhhnx >xaHpoB.

K noflo 6 HOMy noHMMaHMX) >xaHpoBOM CMCTeMbl npMBOflMT paCCMOTpeHMe CMCTeMbl rOBOpMlflMM - TeKCT - C/iywaiOLUMM CKB03b npM3My KaTeropMM KOMMyHMKaTMBHOCTM.

BblBOflbl

1. 1/lTax, TexcT MB/iMeTCM peneBbiM 3/ieMeHTOM KOMMyHMKaTMBHOrO aKTa B HaCTHOCTM M KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM CMTyaUMM B UenOM. C OflHOM CTOpOHbl, TeKCT MBJIMeTCM npoflyxTOM AGMTenbHOCTM aflpecaHTa, c ApyroM cTopoHbi -

o6"beKTOM fleflTe/ibHOCTn aapecaTa. Oh o6"beflHHfleT flBeCTOpOHbl KOMMyHMKaTMBHOrO npOUeCCa - KOHCTpyKUMKD n

p e K O H C T p y K U M K D , K O T O p b i e COOT H OCf l TCf l C T 3 KH M H

fle^Te/ibHO CTH bim n n p n H u n n a M n x a x aH a/iM 3 n cnH Te3.

2 . AHa/inTHHecKnn n CHHTeTnnecKHH noflxoflbi b ncc/ieflOBaHnn TexcTa TecHO B3anMO/jencTBy k)t n opraHHHHO flono/iH5ikdt f lp y r apyra. 1/lMeHHO b coneTaHnn ohm no3BO/iflK)T npoHMKHyTb 3a rpaHnuy, OTfle/iflKDinyK) ne/iOBexa o t Mnpa TexcTa, n nocrnnb KOMn/iexc TexcTOBbix nflen.

3. l/l3yneHne penexoMMyHnxaTHBHoro acnexTa TexcTa axueHTnpyeT paxypc ncc/ieflOBaTe/ibcxoro BHi/iMaHH5i Ha cy6"beKTHBHOM c|DaKTope b sBbixe n penn, hto pea/in3yeTCfl b paccMOTpeHnn noHsm/m TexcroBafl (flncxypcHafl) jinnHOCTb.

4. Ochobhoh xaTeropnen, xapaKTepn3yx)LueH TexcT b cncTeMe roBopxLiiMM - reKcr - c/iyuidfoiuMM AB/iaeTCfl xaTeropnn komMyHnxaTHBHOCTn. OcHOBbiBaacb Ha fle^Te/ibHOCTHOM npnpofle KOMMyHnxaunn, K/iaccnc|DHKauHfl TexcTOB ocyiuecTB/ifleTca b paMxax onno3nunn nepBHHHOcrn - BTOpHHHOCTH.

Bonpocbi m 3 aflaHiisi

1. K xaxoMy peneBOMy >xaHpy othochtca npnBefleHHbin Hn>xe TexcT. ApryMeHTnpynTe cboh otbct c onopon Ha xapaxTepncTHKH «OTpa>xeHHOCTn» (pea/in30BaHH0CTn) nHflnBnflya/ibHOCTn KOMMyHnxaHTa, cneunctDnxn ue/ien n yc/iOBnn KOMMyHnxaunn, cncTeMHO-CTpyxTypHon npocroTbi n C/10>KH0CTn.

YBa>xaeMbie cooTenecTBeHHHKH!

B 3Tn flHn Mbi BMecre nepe>xn/in crpaiuHoe ncnbiTaHne. Bee Haiun Mbic/in 6bmn o j ik w ix , oxa3aBLunxc5i b pyxax BOopy>xeHHbix noÔHKOB. Mbi Haflea/incb Ha ocBo6o>KfleHne

nonaBiunx b 6efly. Ho Ka>xflbin n3 Hac noHHMa/i, mto Haflo 6biTb roTOBbiMn k caMOMy xyfliueMy.

Cerofli-m paHO yTpoM npoBef leHa o n e p a u n a no ocBo6o>KAeHHK) 3a/io>KHHKOB. Y fla /iocb cfle/iaTb noMTn HeB03MO>KHoe: cnacTn >kh3hh coTeH, coTeH /uoflen. Mbi AOKa3a/in, mto Pocchkd He/ib3fl nocraBHTb Ha xo/ieHn.

Ho cennac n, npe>xfle Bcero, xony o6paTHTbca k poflHbiM n 6/1H3KHM Tex, kto norn6. Mbi He CMor/in cnacrn Bcex. npocTHTe Hac. naMflTb o norn6iunx flo/i>KHa Hac o6"beAHHHTb.

5\ 6/iaroflapio Bcex rpa>xflaH Poccnn 3a Bbiflepwxy n eflnHCTBO. Oco6afl 6/iaroflapHOCTb BceM, kto ynacTBOBa/i b ocBo6o>KAeHnn /noflen. llpe>Kfle Bcero - coTpyflHnxaM cneunoApa3Ae/ieHnn, KOTopbie 6e3 KO/ie6aHnn, pncxya co6cTBeHHon >xn3HbK), 6opo/incb 3a cnaceHne /uoflen. Mbi npn3HaTe/ibHbi n HawnM Apy3bflM bo BceM Mnpe 3a Mopa/ibHyx) n npaKTHMecxyx) noflflepwxy b 6opb6e c o6luhm BparoM.

3 to t Bpar cn/ieH n onaceH, 6ecMe/iOBeMeH n >xecTOK. 3 to Me>KAyHapoAHbm Teppopn3M. rioxa oh He no6e>xfleH, Hnrfle b Mnpe ziio fln He MoryT MyBCTBOBaTb ce6a b 6e3onacHOCTn. Ho oh flo/i>xeH 6biTb no6e>xfleH, n oh 6yaeT no6e>xfleH.

CeroAHî b 6o/ibHnue n pa3roBapnBa/i c oahhm n3 nocTpaflaBiunx. I/I oh cxa3a/i: «CTpaiuHO He 6bmo. Bbma yBepeHHOCTb, mto 6yflymero y TeppopncTOB HeT». I/I 3to npaBfla. y Hnx HeT 6yflymero, a y Hac ecTb.

(P e ^ b np e 3M / ie H T a P o c c n n B. B. / l y r n H a , npon3HeceHHan 26.10.2002 r.)

2. OnniuHTe nflenHoe aapo TexcTa, npnBefleHHoro b 3aflaHnn 1, npeflcraBHB ero HHcjDopMaunoHHyio MOAe/ib

(6a30B o n npn M OAe/inpoBaHnn MO>xeT BbiTb, HanpM M ep,

MeTOflMxa KOHTeHT-aHa/iM3a).

3 . O x a p a K T e p n 3 y M T e flM C K ypcH b ie / T ex cT O B b ie

/ im m hoctm , penpe3eHTMpoBaHHbie b c/ieAyx)LAeM Texcre:

UGLI 666

5\ flaBHO 3aM eTM /ia, mto xoH cnnpo/iornM y aTencroB

BMeCTO pe/lMTMM. Mm BCe BpeMM Xa>XeTCM, MTO MMM XTO-TO

M aH M ny/iM pyeT, x t o - t o mx rnnHO TM 3M pyeT, 3 0 M 6 n p y e T ,

noflc /iy iuM B aeT, noflHX)XMBaeT. A 3 t o t x t o - t o - npocTO

AbMBO/l, M BCe. f le /10 B TOM, MTO OT aTeM3Ma AO LUM30C[}peHMM

oamh m ar, m b 6o/ibLUMHCTBe c/iyMaeB oh y>xe CAe/iaH. B ot

t n , 0 p r a h M 3 M . T e 6 e xa>xeTCM, m to t o B o x ) x t o - t o

MaHMny/iMpyeT?

Organizm(-:

Ec/im MecTHO, Aa-

UGLI 666

B MeM >xe MaHMny/iMUMM?

Organizm(-:

Hy, HanpMMep, b tom , mto MeHM 3Aecb 3anep/in. M/im b

TOM, MTO BTOpOM A^Hb XOpMMT O/iaAbMMM.

UGLI 666

A, b 3to m CMbic/ie. Hy Tax 3to He MaHnny/iMui/m, 3to

xapa 6o>xbM.

B. /leneBMH «LU/ieM yxcaca: Kpeamcpcp o Tecee m MMHoraBpe»

T/iaB a 3

3HAKOBHM XAPAKTEP TEKCTA

3.1. 113 HCTOPMM M3yHeHliJI 3 H a K O B o r o x a p a x T e p a T e x c r a

T e X C T , A B A A A C b n p M 3 H a H H bl M 0 6 t e K T 0 M

AMHrBMCTMHecKoro onkicaHM A, npeflC TaB A A eT c o 6 on 3H a x n

OAHO BpeM eHHO , O yA ynn yp o B H eM A 3 b ix a , caM c o c to m t n3

3HaKOB. (1/lMeeTCA B BMfly A3blX B CeMHOTHHeCXOM CMblCAe:

« n O A A 3 bl K 0 M Mbi 6 y f l e M n O H M M a T b B C A K y 10

KOMMyHMKaUMOHHyiO CMCTeMy, nOAb3yiOLAyiOCA 3H aK aM M ,

ynopA A O H eH H biM M o c o 6 nm o 6 p a 3 0 M » [J lo T M aH 2 0 0 0 b , c.

2 0 ] ) . T e x c r ecTb ocMbiCAeHHaA nocAeflOBaTeAbHOCTb akdO nx

3H axoB - B epO aA bH b ix , B H 3yaA bH bix , ay flk iaA b H b ix n n p . -

BbiCTynaioiAaA x a x uen o cn -io cT b a a a n e p e A a n n nH c|)opM aunn

p a 3 A M H H o r o x a p a x T e p a b n p o u e c c e x o M M y H n x a u n n .

BTArkiBaHMio T excT a b opO nTy A n H rB n c T n n e c x n x MHTepecoB

cn oco O cT B O B ano n p o e u n p o B a H n e c e M n o T n n e c x n x n A e n n

n p k iH U k in o B H e T O A b x o Ha A3 b i x n e r o T p a A k iu n o H H b ie

eAMHkiubi, ho n Ha p e n eB b ie npon3B eA eH M A , cocTO A iune M3

3tm x A 3bixoB bix eA M H nu. H a n O o A e e 3H a n n M b ie kiAen Mbi n

npkiBeAeM b nepBOM n a p a rp a c jje HacTOAinen rnaB bi.

n o H A T k ie 3 H a x a n T e K C T . PemaiOLAMM a a a T e x c T a

C T a a B 3 T A A A H a n p o n 3 B e A e H n e p e n n x a x Ha 3 H a x .

C eM M O Tkixa y c M a T p k iB a A a 3 H a x o B y x ) npnpoAy T e x c T a He

TOAbXO B C[}yHXUMOHMpOBaHMM B HeM A P yrM X A3blXOBblX

3HaxoB (cAOBa, npeAAO>xeHMA), h t o TpaAkiunoHHO M3ynaAOCb

J1MHTBMCTMK0 M, HO M B TOM, HTO TeKCT CaM MBJ1MJ1CM ue/ iocTHbiM 3 H a x o M , 03HanaK)Luee x o T o p o r o - AekicTBMTenbHOCTb (mjim c[}parMeHT fleMCTBMTe/ibHOcm), a 03HanaeMoe - npeACTaBJieHMe aBTopa TexcTa 06 3tom AeMCTBMTe/ibHOCTM. 3HaKOBbm xapaxTep TexcTa BbiTexaeT y>xe M3 caMoro onpefle/ieHMM 3Haxa xax ABycTopoHHeM cyiAHOCTM. C oahom CTopoHbi, 3Hax MaTepnajieH (MMeeT njiaH Bbipa>KeHMM, AGHOTaT), C ApyroM, OH MBJIMeTCM HOCMTe/ieM HeMaTepManbHoro CMbiaia (n/iaH coAepwaHMM, CMmMcjDMKaT). 3Hax o6biHHO npeACTaB/iMeTCM b bmas TpeyrojibHMxa Opere:

3HaK

AeHOTaT CurHnc MKaT(nnaH BbipaweHna) (n/iaH coAepxoHtifl)

Pmc. 3.1. CTpyKTypa 3Haxa

no 3aMenaHMK) fO.C. CTenaHOBa [CTenaHOB 1971], 3HaKOM Ha3blBaeTCM TaKOM 3JieMeHT 3HaKOBOM CMCTeMbl, CTpyxTypa xoToporo npeACTaB/iMeT co6om TpeyrojibHMK Opere c B03M0>KHbiMM M3MeHeHMMMM ee no OAHOMy M3 AByx TMnoB: 1) « o 6o 6 iAeHMe Tpeyro/ibHMxa Opere nyTeM BpaiAeHMM», 2) «o6o6 iAeHMe Tpeyro/ibHMxa Opere nyTeM c6 /iM>xeHMM CTopoH mjim no TOMy m ApyroMy TMny OAHOBpeMeHHO». nepBbiM TMn M3MeHeHMM npeAnojiaraeT to, hto 3aMeHMTejieM AeMCTBMTejibHOCTM, nocpeAHMKOM npM B33MMOAGMCTBMM AByX Bepill MH MO>KeT CTaTb JlK)6aM Bephimha Tpeyroj ibHMxa. Btopom TMn M3M eHeH m m

npef lno/ iaraeT coefl i /meHne flByx p e 6 ep b oflHO b

onpefle/ieHHbix cnTyaui/mx (HanpnMep, npn paccMOTpeHi/m >xecTa xax TeKCTa 3HaK n fleHOTaT coefli/iHMiOTCM b oahom BepiunHe, n/in npn paccMOTpeHnn flecjDnHnunn KaK TeKCTa coeflMHMKDTCM fleHOTaT n cnrHnc|DnKaT n t . fl.). nofloOHaa cnoco6HOCTb 3HaKa no3BO/iMeT paccMaTpi/maTb TeKCT KaK eflMHCTBO BHeiuHen n BHyTpeHHen 3HaKOBOcrn.

BbiH/ieHeHne flByx n/iaHOB - n/iaHa Bbipa>xeHnM n n/iaHa coflepwaHnM - b 3HaKe Taioxe cra/io pewaiOLunM npn onpefleneHnn cjDeHOMeHa TeKCTa. npn 3tom pa3fle/ieHne Ha cjDopMy n coflep>KaHne He mB/iMeTCM aOco/iiOTHbiM: MHcjDopMaunM (coflep>KaHne) He MOweT 6biTb nepeâHa BHe flaHHon CTpyKTypbi (cjDopMbi). fO.M. JlOTMaH ncno/ib3yeT a/im n/i/iKDCTpaunn 3ton Mbic/in apxnTeKTypHyio MeTacjDopy: «n/iaH He 3aMypoBaH b CTeHy, a pea/w30BaH b nponopui/mx 3flaHkiM. n/iaH - nfleM apxi/rreKTopa, CTpyKTypa 3flaHi/m - ee pea/iH3auHM. 1/lflenHoe coflepwaHne npon3BefleHMM - CTpyKTypa. 1/lfleM b ncKyccTBe - Bcenqa MOfle/ib, n6o OHa B0CC03flaeT o6pa3 flencTBi/rre/ibHOcm. C/ieflOBaTe/ibHO, BHe CTpyKTypbi xyflo>KecTBeHHaM nêM He Mbic/inMa. flya/w3M cjDopMbi n coflep>KaHnM flo/i>KeH 6biTb 3aMeHeH noHMTneMn f le n , p e a / in 3 y iO L u e n c e 6 a b a a e K B a T H o n C T p y K T y p e n He

c y m e c T B y iO L u e n BH e 3ton C T p y K T y p b i» [J lO TM aH 2 0 0 0 b , c .

2 4 ] . C K a 3 a H H o e mo>kho n p n M e H i/ iT b H e TO /ibK O k T e K c r y

x y flo > K e c T B e H H O M y , ho n k T eK C T y B O o O iu e . H a n p n M e p ,

C T p y K T y p a f le / iO B o r o TeKC Ta O T p a w a e T n e p a p x i/m e c K y io

o p r a H M 3 0 B a H H O C T b n p e r / i a M e H T n p o B a H H O C T b

o c jD n u n a /ib H O -fle /iO B b ix O TH O w eH H H , a C T p yK T ypa H a y n H o ro

TeKCTa COOTHOCHTCM CO C TpeM /ieH kieM HayKM 0 6 "bMCHHTb M n p ,

OTbiCKaB o n p e f le / ie H H b ie n p n H u n n b i n 3aK O H O M epH O crn e r o

y c T p o n c T B a mt. fl.

TaKMM o 6 p a 3 0 M , ceM HOTHHecKaM n ê M CTpyKTypHO CTn

J lK )6o rO MBJieHMM Jie>KnT B OCHOBe 3HaKOBOrO TOJlKOBaHHM

TeKCTa. TeKCT i/meeT CTpyKTypy 3HaKa, o6/iaflafl n/iaHOM Bbipa>KeHM5i n n/iaHOM coflepwam/m.

MepapXMMHOCTb 3H3KOBOM CTpyKTypbl TeKCTa.

C/ieflyKDLnaa ceMnoTnnecKasi nêa CBA3aHa c nflen CTpyKTyp h o c t m . 3 t o nêa nepapxnnecKon opraHH3aunn 3HaKOB b onpefle/iem-ibie noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHOcrn. no3TOMy noH5iTMe CTpyKTypbl no OTHOiueHmo k TeKCTy Tpe6yeT yTOHHeHM51 B CpaBHeHMM C flpyi~MMH SBblKOBblMM eflMHMUaMM. 3HaK caM no ce6e o6/iaflaeT onpefle/ieHHon crpyKTypon, npeflno/ iaraiOLueM cooTHOiueHne 03HaHaiOLnero n o3HaHaeMoro. I/I tckct KaK ue/ioe ecTb 3HaK, 03HaHai0Lnee KOToporo (fleHOTaT) - c|)parMeHT flencTBnTe/ibHOcrn, coflep>KaHMe TeKCTa n o3HanaeMoe (cnrHnc|)HKaT) - aBTOpCKa l MHTeHI4M51, CMblC/1 TeKCTa. OflHaKO TeKCT - 3TO eme n nocneflOBaTe/ibHOCTb 3HaKOB, BCTynaiomnx apyr c flpyroM b pa3HOo6pa3Hbie OTHOiiieHH5i, cb9\3v\. CTpyKTypa o6 bihh o onpefle/iaeTCfl KaK ue/ioe, nacTn KOToporo, c|}yHKi4MOHMpyfl, npno6peTaiOT cneunc|)nHecKnn xapaKTep. npnH5iTO roBopnTb, h t o ue/ioe ecTb HenTO 6o/ibiuee, neM cyMMa Hacren, ero cocraBJifliOLnnx. B3anMOOTHOiijeHi/m Me>Kfly H3CT51MH (3/ieMeHTa M l/l) CTpyKTypbl ABJlflKDTCfl flMHaMMHecKMMM no CBoeMy cyiêcTBy: «B HaiueM nOHMMaHMM CTpyKTypOM MO>KeT CHMTaTbC9\ JlMLUb TaKOM KOMnneKC 3/ieMeHTOB, BHyTpeHHee paBHOBecne KOToporo HenpecTaHHO HapywaeTca n CHOBa co3flaeTca n eanHCTBO KOToporo npeflCTaBJiaeTCfl HaM no3TOMy k o m nneKCOM flkia/ieKTMHeCKHX np0TMB0n0/10>KH0CTeM» [MyKap>KOBCKMM 1 9 9 4 , c. 2 7 6 ] . B c b o m x B3anMOOTHOiueHM5ix 3/ieMeHTbi n KOMnOHeHTbl CTpyKTypbl nOCTOflHHO CTpeMflTCfl nOflHMHMTb ce6e flpyr flpyra, pa3BHTbca o ^ m h 3a cneT flpyroro, h t o

npMBOflMT k cocTOAHMK) nocroflHHon neperpynnnpoBKn nepapxnn 3/ieMeHTOB.

Taki/im o 6 p a 3 0 M , T e x c T n p e f lC T a B J ia e T c o 6 o n

onpefle/ieHHyK) crpyxTypy, npn 3 to m c/io>KHOCTb crpyKTypbi

HaxoflHTca b np^MO nponopunoHa/ibHon 3aBncnMOCTn o t

c / io > k h o c t h nepeflaBaeM on MHcjDopMaunn. yc/io>KHeHHe

xapaKTepa HHctDopMaunn Hen36e>xHO BeneT k ycno>xHeHHio

c e m M O T M H e c K O M c m C T e m bi ( c p . : C T p y K T y p y

TeKCTOB-npnMnTnBOB - rmaxaTa, ac[}opn3Ma - n crpyxTypy

n y 6 /inuncTHMecKoro n/in xyno>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa).

C T p y x T y p h o c t b T e x c T a 3 a n a e T C n xax n p o u e c c o M

nopo>KfleHi/m, Tax n npoueccoM noHHMaHna.

MepapxnMHOCTb - 3 to caMbin o6 lhhh crpyxTypHbin npnHunn, cymecTByKDinnn b /ix )6bix 3HaxoBbix cncreMax, npoflB/iflKDinnncfl b napaflnrMaTnxe xax nepapxna K/iaccoB, b cnH TarM aTnxe - xax n e p a p x n a a jih h n /in n ep a p x n apa3BepTbiBaHH5i.

napannrMaTHHecKafl nepapxnMHOCTb 3aK/uoMaeTCfl b BbN/ieHeHnn b Texcre ypoBHen ero opraHH3aunn n ennHnu e ro cocTaB JiflK D iunx. T e x c T p a c x / i a f l b i B a e T c a Ha c| }OHeTHHecKnn, r p a M M a T n n e c K H n , j i e x c n M e c K HH , cnHTaxcnMecxnn n np. ypoBHn, n3 kotopnx xawflbin MO>xeT paccMaTpnBaTbc^ xax caMOCTOATe/ibHO opraHH30BaHHbin. Maine Bcero, roBopa 06 ypoBHeBon opraHH3aunn TexcTa, HMeKDT B BHfly H30M0pc|)H0CTb TeKCTOBbIX ypOBHen ypOBHflM 5i3biKa n Bbine/i5HOT cooTBeTCTBeHHO ctDOHeTnMecxnn, MopctDO/iornMecxnn, jieKomecKnn, CHHTaxcnHecKHn ypoBeHb. OflHaxo npn 3tom caMa cneunc|DHKa TexcTa xax oco6oro cjDeHOMeHa penyunpyeTCfl n TexcT cboahtca k npocTon p e a / i n 3 a u n n 5i3biKOBOH c n c T e M b i , TeM c a Mb i M OTO>xflecTB/iflflCb c peMbK). flpyrne ncc/ieflOBaTe/w cnnTaiOT, mto He MO>xeT 6biTb no/iHoro coBnafleHna Me>xny ypoBHflMH 5i3bixoBon cncTeMbi n ypoBHAMn TexcTa. Tax, MO>xeT 6biTb HCK/iKDMeH MopctDeMaTnMecxnn ypoBeHb, a Jl.B. H e p 6a roBopn/i 0 Hannnnn cynepcerMeHTHbix ypoBHen b CTpyxType

TexcTa : pnTMHHecxoro , pnTMO-Me/io f lHHecKoro, MeTpo-pnTMHHecKoro [IHep6a 1957, c. 35-37].

MHorne ncc/ieflOBaTe/in TexcTa ycMaTpnBax)T b ero crpyxType KOMno3nunoHHbin, CTn/incTnHecKnn, o6pa3Hbin n t . fl. ypoBHn. Bee ohm Bbifle/iflxrrcfl Ha pa3Hbix ocHOBaHi/mx, MMex)T pa3Hyx) npnpo^y n, xax npaBi/mo, He CBOflHMbi b

eflkiHyx) K/iaccnc[}HKai4HK). 3 t o oO tacH fleTca, c o a h o m

cropoHbi, cno>KHOCTbK) caMoro oOtexTa, c flpyron CTopoHbi, no3nunen ncc/ieflOBaTe/ifl. HexoTopbie ncc/ieflOBaTe/in nbiTaxrrcfl npeflCTaBHTb KOMn/iexcHbm noflxofl ormcaHi/m ypoBHeBon opraHH3aunn TexcTa. T ax , H.C. Bo/iOTHOBa B b ifle /i5 ieT flB a a c n e x T a b o p r a H H 3 a u n n T e x c T a : / inHrBnCTHHecxnn n 3KCTpa/ iHHrBHCTHHecKHH. B cooTBeTCTBnn c s th m h acnexTaMH OHa paccMaTpnBaeT flBa yHMBepca/ ibHbix ypo b h a , Bbi f le/ ieHHbix b T excTe -

MHc|DopMai4noHHO-CMbicnoBon n npamaTHHecKHH [Bo/iOTHOBa 1992; 2007]. B JinHrBnCTHHecxoM acnexTe OHa onncbiBaeT c/ieflyKDiune noflypoBHn: c|)OHeTHHecKHH, Mopô/iornHecKnn, / l e x c n H e c x n n , c n H T a x c n H e c K n n b

M H c | ) o p M a u M O H H O - C M b i c / i O B O M y p o B H e H 3 K c n p e c c n B H O - C T n / i n c T H H e c K n n , c[}yHKi4noHa/ibHO-CTn/incTHHecKnn b npamaTHHecKOM y p o B H e . «K 3 K C T p a / i n H r B n c T H H e c K O M y a c n e x T y xyflo>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa b n/iaHe ero nopo>KfleHHfl OTHeceHO Bee t o , h t o c|)opMnpyeTCfl b co3HaHnn c y O te x T a -

co3flaTe/i5i TexcTa b npouecce BormoiueHi/m 3aMbic/ia (TeMbi, nflen , o6pa3bi, MaTepna/i flencTBnTe/ibHOCTn, s m o u h h ,

n o fl/ie w a iu n e Bbipa>xeHHK), npnHunnbi nocTpoeHH5i)» [BonoTHOBa 1992, c. 29], t . e. npeflMeTHO-ziornHecxnn, T e M a T n H e c x n n , cx)>xeTH O -K O M no3H LU K )H H bm n o a y p o B H H k

nH$opMaunoHHO-CMbic/iOBOMy ypoBHK) n 3MOunoHa/ibHbm, o6pa3Hbin, nflenHbin k nparMaTnnecKOMy ypoBHK). OflHaxo n 3Ta xnaccnctDnKaun^ He 06/iaflaeT eflHHCTBOM ocHOBaHnn fl/ia

B b i f l e / i e H MM n o f l y p o B H e M , o c o B e H H O b

3KCTpa/iMHrBMCTMMecKOM acnexTe, t . e. Ha c o B c t b o h h o

TeKCTOBbIX ypOBHMX.

CMHTarMaTMMecKaM MepapxMMHOCTb npoMB/iMeTCM b to m ,

MTO M e > K fly p a 3 J l M M H b l M M y p O B H M M M T e x c T a M O r y T

ycTaH aB /iM B aTbC M A o n o /iH M T e /ib H b ie c rp y x T y p H b ie cbm3m -

O T H O i u e H M M M e x < A y T k i n a M M CMCTe m . C T p y x T y p H b i e

OTHOiueHMM M ex<Ay ypoBH M M M CTaHOBMTCM o n p e A e /ie H H O M

x a p a x T e p M C T M x o M T e x c T a b u e / iO M . C M H T a m a T M M e c x a m

kiepapxM M HO CTb oBecneM M BaeTC M ceMMOTMMecxMM 3axoH O M

3XBMBa/ieHTHOCTM, COr/iaCHO XOTOpOMy A B a 3 H a xa AO/l>XHbl

BblTb TO>XAeCTBeHHbl M B TO >xe BpeMM pa3JlMMHbl B TOM M/IM

MHOM OTHOLUeHMM. 3XBM Ba/ieHTHOCTb 3HaXOB npOMB/lMeTCM B

A B y x H a n p a B / i e H M M x : B B e p x - B H M 3 n o M e p a p x M n e c x o M

z i e c T H M u e m B L U M p b ( b n p e A e / i a x o a h o m C T y n e H M

M e p a p x M M e c x o M z ie c T H M U b i). T a x , b n a p a A n m a T M M e c x o M

OTHOLUeHMM OTHOLUeHMM 3XBM B a /ie H T H O C T M TeX C T O B bIX

ypO B H eM M 3 /ie M e H T O B 3TMX ypO B H eM HOCMT M O A enbH bIM

x a p a x T e p : 3 H a x O A H o ro ypoBH M MB/iMeTCM M O A e/ib io 3 H a xo B

A p y r o r o ypoBH M , M O A e/iM pyeT Te m/im MHbie e r o CBOMCTBa. B C M H T a r M a T M M e C X O M O T H O L U e H M M 3 X B M B a / i e H T H O C T b

npO M B/lM eTC M BO B 3aM M 03aM eH M eM 0C T M 3 /ie M e H T O B M/IM

c o B O x y n H O C T e M 3 /ie M e H T O B . T a x , o n M c a H M e o a h o t o m3

T excTO B bix ypoB H eM 3aM eHM eT onM caH M e u e / io r o T e xcT a x a x

c rp y x T y p b i, rA e Ba>xHOCTb n p M o B p e T a x rr He caMM 3 /ie M eH T b i,

a OTHOiueHMM Me>xAy hmmm.

1/lMeHHO yCTOMMMBbie CBM3M Me>XAy ypOBHMMM M BHyTpM ypoBHeM npMAaHDT TexcTy, no m h c h m io KD.M. JloTMaHa, xapaxTep MHBapMaHTa. Y p o b h m TexcTa m b /im io tc m 3AecbBapMaHTaMM, BCTynaX)U4MMM B OTHOLUeHMM CMHOHMMMM, MTO

C03AaeT BTOpMMHbie C[}yHXI4MM 3HaXOB - OAMH M3 npMHUMnoB

P33BMTMM CeMMOTMMeCXOM CMCTeMbl. TeXCT npeACTaB/lMeT

C060M MHBapMaHTHyK) CMCTeMy, MTO OCOBeHHO CTaHOBMTCM

O H e B M f l H b I M , e c / in C M O T p e T b Ha TeK C T H e C n03M I4M M

r o B o p a m e r o , a c no3MUMM c /iyw aK D L n ero . 1 /lH B apnaH TH a^

cyiAHOCTb TeKCTa TaioKe npoflB /iaeTC fl H am ^ flH O , ec/iM B3flTb

rp y n n y M30Mopc|)Hbix b K aK O M -/in6 o OTHOLueHi/m TeKCTOB m

o n n c a T b mx x a x o ^ m h T e x c T ( H a n p M M e p , u m k/i c tm x o b ,

« n e T e p 6 yprcKMM TeKCT», /iK )6 oBHbiM poM aH , fle/iOBOM TexcT ,

peKnaM HbIM TeKCT M T. f l. MJIM nOCTMOflepHMCTCKMM TeKCT,

COTKaHHbIM M3 M HTepTeKCTya/lbHbIX 3 /ieM eH TO B ) [naH H eH K O

2 0 0 7 a ; 2 0 0 7 6 ; 2 0 0 8 ] . n o f l o 6 H o e o n M c a H M e 6 y f l e T

onM caH M eM CMCTeMHbix 3 /ieM eH T O B , a caMM TeKCTbi 6 y<qyT

5IB/15ITbC51 nO OTHOLUeHMKD K H eM y C/10 >KHblM COHeTaHM eM

O p r a H M 3 0 B a H H b l X M H e o p r a H M 3 0 B a H H b l X 3 / i e M e H T O B .

TeKCT-M HBapnaHT, TeKCT B bic iuero ypoB H fl, 6 yq e T B bicrynaTb

n o OTHOLUeHMKD K TeK C T aM -B ap M aH T aM , TeKCTaM HM3LUerO

ypOBHfl, £13blKOM OnMCaHMfl - MeT3513blKOM.

TaKMM 06pa30M, TeKCT AB/lfleTCfl C/10>KHblM 3HaKOM, MMejoinMM MepapxMHecxyK) opraHM3ai4Mio 3/ieMeHTOB m

ypOBHeki, Me>Kfly KOTOpbIMM yCTaHaB/lMBaK)TC51 OTHOLLieHM51 3KBMBa/ieHTHOCTM.

TMnbl 3H3KOB M TeKCT. C/ieflyKDLljafl CeMMOTMHeCKa51

ma e n , npMMeHMMan k T e K c ry , - 3 to M êa TM no/iorMM 3HaKOB.

P a 3 H O o 6 p a 3 M e o t h o l u e H m m M e > K fly 0 3 H a H a e M b i M m

03HaHaK)U4MM KOHCTMTyMpyeT B03MO>KHbie KnaCCMCjDMKaUMM

3 H a x a . I l M p c n o f l p a 3 f l e / i 5 i e T 3 H a k m H a M H ^ e K C H b i e ,

MKOHMHeCKMe M CMMBO/lMHeCKMe.

flaHHa9\ K/iaccMc|DMKauM5i 0CH0BbiBaeTC5i [51ko6coh 2001]H a n p O T M B O n O C T a B / i e H M M CMe>KHOCTM M CXOf l CTBa M

n p O T M B O n O C T a B J i e H M M C|Da KTM H HOCTM M yCJ I OBHOCTM.

1/lH fleK C H oe (y K a 3 a T e / ib H o e ) O THO LueHM e n p e a n o / ia r a e T

Ha/lMHMe C|DaKTMHeCKOM, fleMCTBMTe/lbHOM CMe>KHOCTM Me>Kfly

0 3 H a H a e M b lM M 03HaHaL0U4MM B npO C TpaH C TB eH H O M MJIM

B peM eH H O M OTHOLUeHMflX. MKOHMHeCKOe OTHOLueHMe (n o

npHHUkiny noflo6i/m) - «npocrafl oOiAHOCTb, no HexoTopoMy CBOMCTBy», oiAyiuaeMoe TeMM, k t o MHTepnpeTnpyeT 3Hax, t . e. c|DopMa n AeHOTaT Taxoro 3Haxa c x o a h m , noxo>xn ApyrHa A p y ra B TOM MJIM MHOM OTHOIlieHMM. B CMMBOJlMHeCKOM

3Haxe 03HaHaeM0e m 03HanaK)LAee c o o t h o c m t c m

«6e30TH 0C M TeJ lbH 0 K KaKOM 6 bl TO HM 6 blJ10 C|DaKTMHeCKOM

CBM3M» (mj im b O T H O i u e H M M , n o I lM p c y [ n m p c 2 0 0 1 ] ,

« n p M n M c a H H o r o C B o n c T B a » ) , t . e . 3 t o y c jiO B H b ie mjim

K O H B e H U M O H a J l b H b i e 3 h a KM . T e K C T M O > K e T 6 bl T b

3 HaKO M -M HAexcoM , t . e . y x a 3 aTejibH biM mjim agm ktm hcckm m

3H axoM (H an pM M ep , pex jiaM H b in n jia x a T mjim n p o m o 3 ) . T e x c T

MO>xeT 6 biTb TexcTOM-CMMBOJiOM (H a n p M M e p , r e p 6 , tmmh m

t . A- ) - T e x c T MO>xeT 6 biTb m 3HaxoM -M KO HO M (H a n p M M e p ,

MHC[}OpMai 4 MM 0 6 M3AGJ1MM H a 3 T M K e T K e , p a 3 J l M H H b i e

p e x jia M H b ie oO tM BJieHM M m t . a - ) - O A H O B p eM eH H O T e x c T

MBJIMeTCM CJ1 0 >KHblM C|)eHOM eHOM m c o B M e iu a e T B c e 6 e

CBOMCTBa Bcex T p e x TMnoB 3H axoB . C x o p e e mo>xho roBopM Tb

J1 M6 o 0 A O M M H M p O B a H M M OA HOTO M3 T M n O B , J1 M6 0 0

p a 3 J l M H H b l X T O H K a X 3 p e H M M H a T e K C T . y. 3 k o ( b

«OTcyTCTByx)LAeM C T p y x T y p e » [3 k o 1 9 9 8 ] ) n o j ia r a e T , h t o

M3o6pa>xeHMe He o O jiaA aeT CBOMCTBa mm OTo6 pa>xaeM oro mm

np eA M eTa, a 3Hax-MKOHa CTOJib >xe npoM3BOJieH, ycjiOBeH m

HeMOTMBMpoBaH, x a x m 3Hax-CMMBOJi. PeHb AOJi>KHa matm, no

MHeHMK) y. 3 kO, H e 0 BOCnpOM3BeAeHMM B 3H a xe -M K O H e

CBOMCTB o O te K T a , a 0 CneUMCjDMKe BO CnpM flTM fl. B 3TOM

c jiy n a e BbmcHMeTCM, h to mkohmhockmm 3H a x BOcnpoM3BOAMT

He CBOMCTBa O To 6 p a > x a e M o ro n p e A M e T a , a ycjiOBMM e r o

BOCnpMMTMM.

3Aecb b nojiHOM Mepe npoMBJiMeTCM cnocoOHOCTb TexcTa xax 3Haxa k M3MeHeHMK) npn OAHOBpeMeHHOM oOoOiueHMM CTopoH Tpeyro jibH M xa O p e re nyTeM nx oOteAMHeHMfl m nyTeM BpaiAeHMfl c t o p o h . «V\3 MaTepnajia ecTecTBeHHoro 5i3bixa - CMCTeMbl 3HaxoB, ycjiOBHbix, h o

nOHMTHblX BCeMy KOJlJieKTMBy HaCTO/lbKO, HTO yC/lOBHOCTb nx Ha cjDOHe flpyrnx 6o/iee cneuna/ibHbix "M3biKOB" nepecTaeT O L U y i U a T b C M , - B03H M KaeT B T O pn HH b in 3 h a K M3o6pa3HTenbHoro Tuna. < . . . > 3 t o t b t o p h h h w h n3o6pa3HTenbHbin 3Hax 06/iaflaeT CBoncTBaMn nKOHnnecKnx 3H3KOB: HenOCpeflCTBeHHblM CXOflCTBOM C oOteKTOM, Har/iMflHOCTbK), npon3BOflkiT BnenaTJieHi/ie MeHbiuen koaoboh o6yc/iOB/ieHHOcrn n noaTOMy - xax xa>xeTCM - rapaHTnpyeT 60 /ibwyK) hcthhHOCTb n 6o/ibLuyK) noHMTHOCTb, neM ycnoBHbie 3H3kv\» [JlOTMaH 2000b, c. 66]. Taxi/iM o6pa30M, y noflo6Horo 3Haxa flBa Hepa3fle/inMbix acneKTa - cxoactbo c o6o3HanaeMbiM hm oOteKTOM n HecxoflCTBO c hum.

Eiue oflkiH Tnn 3HaxoB - MeTa3 Haxn - bo3 hhk b MaTeMaTnxe n MaTeMaTnnecKon Jiornxe xax Tnn 3HaxoB onncaHkiM, npn noMOiun KOTopbix onncbiBaiOTCM flpyrne 3Haxn-o6'beKTbi. Bee HaynHbie TexcTbi BK/nonaiOT b ce6a MeTa3Haxn; TexcTbi pex/iaMbi, PR-TexcTbi Tax>xe axTHBHO ncnonb3yx)T 3 to t Tnn 3HaxoB. TexcTbi coBpeMeHHon xyflo>xecTBeHHon jinTepaTypbi (nocTMOflepHncTCxne) He TO/lbKO aXTMBHO BK/lKDHaKDT B CBOH COCT3B MeTa3HaKH, HO HcaMn mb/imkdtcm MeTa3HaxoM. no 3aMenaHHK) EapTa [EapT 1989], b KOHTexcTe craHOB/ieHi/m Hex/iacci/NecKon xy/ibTypbi «/inTepaTypa cra/ia oiuymaTb cbokd flBoncTBeHHOCTb, BHfleTb b ce6e oflHOBpeMeHHO npe^MeT n B3i~/iHq Ha npe^MeT, penb n p e n b 0 6 3 tom p e n n , j i n T e p a T y p y - o O t e x T n MeTa/inTepaTypy». CaMa JiHTepaTypa pa3pywaeTCM xax M3bix-o6'beKT, «coxpaHMMCb Jikiiub b xanecTBe MeTaM3bixa» [EapT 1989, c. 132]. B 3tom KOHTexcre nocTMOflepHncrcKne TexcTbi (JinTepaTypa) c|)aKTHHecKn mbjimkdtcm TpaxTaTaMn o M3bixe, poMaHaMn o npnxjiKDHeHi/mx M3bixa, noBecTBOBaHi/ieM MeTaM3bixa o caMOM ce6e.

reTeporeHHO CTb TeKCTa. C/ie/iya cocckdpobckoh Tpaflnunn, TexcT b jinHrBncTnxe TexcTa name Bcero

paccMaTpnBaeTca xax MaHncj/ecTaunfl 5i3bixa. B 3 to m

o t h o h ie h nn TexcT npoTnBonocTaB/ ieH A3bixy xax M a T e p n a / i b H o e - n n e a / i bH OM y , Bbipa>xeHHoe - HeBbi p a x e H H O M y , n p o c T p a H C T B e H H o e - BHenpocTpaHCTBeHHOMy. OflHOBpeMeHHO 5i3bix BbiCTynaeT b

xanecTBe ycrponcTBa, xoAnpyioinero Texcr, c/ieAOBaTe/ibHO, t o , H e r o H e T b a 3 bi x e , H e f l B / i a e T c a CMbicno-pa3nnMHTe/ibHbiM 3/ieMeHTOM b TexcTe. B 3 to m

c/iynae TexcT AB/iaeTCfl roMoreHHbiM n roMOCTpyxTypHbiM. 3 th m o6"b5iCH5ieTC5i OTO>xAecTB/ieHne TexcTa n pem/i, noncx b

TexcTe ypoBHen, n30Mopc|DHbix 5i3bixy, noncx ennHnubi TexcTa b jinHrBncrnxe TexcTa b 60 —70-e roflbi XX Bexa.

Mcc/ieAOBaHna TexcTOB xy/ibTypbi no3BO/in/io K3.M. JlOTMaHy Bbine/inTb, noMnMO xoMMyHnxaTnBHon cj/yHxunn TexcTa, eine OAHy cjDyHxunio 5i3bixoBbix cncTeM n b t o m

Hnc/ie TexcTOB - CMbic/ioo6pa3yx)LAyK). B 3t o m c/iynae TexcT BbiCTynaeT He npocTO ynaxoBxon 5i3bixa, a reHepaTopoM CMbicnoB. Oco6eHHO Har/iflAHbiM 3 t o CTaHOBnTC5i, xorAa TexcT npeAiuecTByeT 5i3bixy n c/iywaiOLAeMy Heo6xoAnMO cxoHCTpynpoBaTb 5i3bix a/151 ASHHoro TexcTa. noAo6Hafl cnTyauna nocTOAHHO npncyTCTByeT npn BOcnpnaTnn npon3BeAeHnn ncxyccTBa, nHOxy/ibTypHbix TexcTOB. B 3t o m

c / i y n a e t e x c t n p n H u n n n a / i b H O r e T e p o r e H e H n reTepocTpyxTypeH, o h 5iB/i5ieTC5i MaHncj/ecTaunen MHornx 5i3bixoB. «C/io>xHbie Ana/iornMecxne n nrpoBbie OTHOweHnfl Me>xAy pa3HOo6pa3Hbmn noACTpyxTypaMn TexcTa, o6pa3yKDinnMn ero BHyTpeHHnn no/inr/iOTn3M, n ab/iax/tca MexaHn3MOM CMbic/ioo6pa30BaHn5i. < . . .> MexaHn3M CMbic/ioo6pa30BaHn5i BcerAa OAnH: cncTeMa BHyTpeHHnx nepeBOAOB cy6b5i3bixoB AaHHoro TexcTa, HaxoAflinnxcfl b

OTHOiueHnn OTHOcnTe/ibHon HenepeBOAnMOCTn» [JloTMaH 2002, c. 190].

T e x c r x a x n o c /ie A O B a ie / ib H O C T b 3 H axo B Tax>xe He

npeflc raB /iM eT c o Bom ro M o re H H o ro MB/ieHMM. T e x c r , fla>xe

BepBa/ibHbm , MB/iMeTCM reTeporeH HbiM oB texT O M , T ax xa x

B O -nepB bix , n e p a p x n H e c x n o p ra H M 3 0 B a H , e r o CTpyxTypa

COCTOMT M3 ypOBHeM pa3/lMMHOM npMpOflbl, BO-BTOpbIX, TeXCT

BXJ1 X )M a eT B CeBM 3 H a X M -M H fle X C b l, 3 H a X M -C M M B O /lb l,

3HaXM-MXOHbl M M e T 3 3 H a X M . C OCOBOM OMeBMflHOCTbX)

r e T e p o r e H H a M cym H O C T b T e x c T a n p o c r y n a e T b T a x M x

T e x c T a x , x a x p e x / i a M H b i e ( b p e x / i a m h o m n / i a x a T e ,

Te/ieBM3MOHHOM p e x / ia M e , p a f lM o p e x n a M e m t . a . ) . H o m

T paAHUMOHHO B epBa/ibHbie TexcTbi (A e /iO B on, HaynHbin m

t . A - ) He O A H opoA H bi n o C B o eM y c o c T a B y : o h m M o ry T

BX/lX)MaTb 3HaXM-MXOHbl (Ta6/lMI4bl, CXeMbl, pMCyHXM M T. A-)

m np.

TaxMM o 6p a30M , reTeporeHHOCTb TexcTa onpeAe/iaeTCM

AByMM cjDaxTopaMM: 1 ) Mcno/ib30BaHMeM b TexcTe pa3Hbix

TMnOB 3HaXOB, 2) 3aXOAMpOBaHHOCTbX) TexcTa xax MMHMMyM

AByMM M3blXaMM. 3 T a ABOMHaM 3aXOAMpOBaHHOCTb TexcTa

MB/iMeTCM e ro npnHunnna/ibHbiM cbomctbom. B /iioBom TexcTe

npMCyTCTByKDT ABa XOAa (M3bixa) - M3blX eCTeCTBeHHbIM M

m3 b ix T e x c T a . K a > x A b m 3 H a x b T e x c T e p e a / i M 3 y e T

OAHOBpeMeHHO ABa 3HaMeHMM: B y x B a /ib H o e M3bixoBoe m

TexcTOBoe, noMB/iMioiAeecM y 3 T o ro 3 /ieM eH T a CTpyxTypbi

T o /ibxo b n p e A e /ia x A aH H oro TexcTa. npM 3 tom ec/iM Bee

M Horoo6pa3Me TexcTOB pacno/io>xMTb Ha m xa /ie pea/iM3auMM

TeXCTOBOrO M M3blXOBOrO 3HaMeHMM, TO X M3blXOBOMy no/iiocy

ByAyT npM6/iM>xaTbCM ocjDMUMa/ibHO-Ae/ioBbie m HayMHbie

TexcTbi, a x TexcTOBOMy - xyAO>xecTBeHHbie, ocTa /ibH bie

ByAyT pacno/iaraTbCM Me>xAy no/iiocoM A e /ioB oro TexcTa m

no/iiocoM xyAO>xecTBeHHoro.

C eM a H T M K a . C m h Ta k t m k a . r i p a r M a T M K a .C/ieAyKDiueM ceMMOTMHecxoM MAeeM, xoTopaa Haiu/ia OTpa>xeHMe b TeopeTMMecxoM onncaHMM TexcTa, m b / im c tc m

Mflea ypoBHero noflxoaa k OTHOLueHnsiM 3Haxa n He3HaKa (fleMCTBMTe/ibHOCTM n no/ib30BaTe/ien 3HaKaMM). H. Moppnc [Moppnc 2001] pa3fle /in ji ceMm o t h Ky Ha ceMaHTHKy, CMHTaKTMKy m npamaTHKy. Ec/ih npi/iMeHMTb 3 t o fle/ieHi/ie k

TeKCTy, t o ceMaHTMKa HcaieayeT OTHOuieHHe onncam/m k

OnMCblBaeMOM fleHCTBHTe/lbHOCTH (OTHOLLieHHe M306pa>KeHM51 k M3o6pa>KaeMOMy), CHHTaKTHHecKHH ypoBeHb MCC/ieflyeT BHyTpeHHkie crpyKTypHbie 3aKOHOMepHOcrn nocrpoeHi/m onncam/m, HaKOHeu, npamaTHKa HCC/ieflyeT OTHOuieHHe onncaHi/m k He/iOBexy, / KOToporo o h o npeflHa3HaHaeTca.B.A. YcneHCKMM npofleMOHcrpnpoBa/i 3 t o pa3fle/ieHne no OTHOLUeHMKD K K0Mn03HI4HH XyflOKeCTBeHHOTO TeKCTa, cooTHeca cooTBeTCTBeHHO t p h 3 tm x acneKTa c KaTeropkien TOHKM 3peHIA5\ [YcneHCKHH 1995].

CklHTaKTMHeCKOMy ypOBHKD TeKCTa nOCBflLljeHO 6o/lbLUMHCTBO pa60T, KaCaK)U4HXC51 OnHCaHHfl ypOBHeBOMopraHM3aunM TeKCTa, ncc/ieflOBaHH5i c b s b h o c th TeKcra (Jl.M. JloceBa [1 9 8 0 ] , O .l/I. MocKa/ibCKaa [1 9 8 1 ] , E.A. PecjDepoBCKa^ [1 9 8 3 ], H.B. MepeMHCHHa [1 9 7 1 ], ConraHMK [1997], 3.9\. TypaeBa [1986] h flp.). no cyTi/i, jinHrBncrnKa TeKCTa b o c h o b h o m 6bma HanpaB/ieHa Ha onncaHne flaHHoro acneKTa TeKCTa.

CeMaHTMHecKMM acneKT TeKCTa OKa3a/ica b none 3peHi/m MCcneflOBaTenen c 80-x roflOB XX b. (I/I.B. ApHO/ibfl [1974; 1999], I/I.P. l~a/ibnepnH [1981], T.A. BaH flenK [1989], A.I/I. H o b h k o b [1983], Jl.H. Ho3flpnHa [1997; 2006], Jl.A. HepHAXOBCKaa [1983], B.fl. LUa6ec [1989] h flp.). 3 t o t

ypoBeHb onncam/m TeKCTa npeano/iaraeT o6pameHne k

CTpyKTypMpOBaHMK) pa3/lMHHbIX TkinOB MHC[}OpMai4MM, coflepwainHxca b TeKcre.

npamaTHKa TeKCTa - oamh m3 acneKTOB TeKCTa KaK 3HaKOBOrO 06pa30BaHMfl, CfDMKCMpyfOIHMM OTHOLUeHMfl M e ^ y

TexcTOM n cyOteKTaMn TexcTOBon fleaTe/ibHOCTn ( t . e. aflpecaHTO M -aBTopoM n a flpecaTO M -H H TaTe/ieM ). TpaflnunoHHO npam aTnxa TexcTa npeflno/iara/ia yneTKOMMyHHKaTHBHblX HHTepeCOB HHTaTe/151 H COOnKDfleHne cjDyHflaMeHTa/ibHbix npnHunnoB peHeBoro o6iueHnfl. flaHHbin ypoBeHb npnB/iex BHHMaHne ncc/ieflOBaTe/ien b 90-e roflbi XX b. (AT. BapaHOB [1993], H.C. Bo/iOTHOBa [1992], A.A. Bopo>x6nTOBa [2005], O./l. KaMeHCxaa [1990], E.B. CnflopoB [1987] n flp.).

n p ii3H aK ii TeKCTa KaK 3H axa. \ A j ax, onncaHne 3Haxa xax CTpyxTypbi, oOteflMHeHne 3HaxoB b nepapxnHecxn opraHH30BaHHbie noaieflOBaTe/ibHOcrn, cymecTBOBaHne 3HaKOB pa3/lHHHblX TnnOB (CHMBO/lOB, MHfleKCOB, h k o h ,

MeTa3HaxoB) n Ha/innne y 3Haxa Tpex TnnoB OTHOiueHnn - c ApyruMn 3HaxaMH, flencTBHTe/ibHOCTbX) n no/ib30BaTe/iflMn 3 th m 3HaxoM - Bee 3 to noc/iywn/io 6a3on fl/ia onncaHne TexcTa xax 3HaxoBon cncTeMbi. CymecTByxrr cxopee He coOcTBeHHO onpefle/ieHna TexcTa, a Ha6op npn3HaxoB, npn noMOiun KOTopbix cjDeHOMeH TexcTa OTrpaHHHHBaeTca o t

flpyrnx crpyxTyp, HMex)Lunx 3HaxoByx) npnpo^y - xy/ibTypbi, sBbixa, cncTeMbi -flp y rn M n c/iOBaMn, HeTexcTa.

C TOHxn 3peHna TeKCTa-3Haxa o h xapaKTepn3yeTca, BO-nepBbix, Bbipa>xeHHOCTbK): «Bbipa>xeHHOCTb b

npoTnBonocTaB/ieHnn HeBbipa>xeHHOCTn 3acTaBJiaeT paccMaTpnBaTb TexcT xax pea/in3aunx) HexoTopon cncTeMbi, ee MaTepna/ibHoe Bon/ioiueHne» [JloTMaH 2 0 0 0 b , c. 61]. Bo-BTopbix, TexcTy npncyma OTrpaHHHeHHOCTb. 3 t o

no3BO/i5ieT npoTnBonocTaBnTb TexcT flpyrnM MaTepna/ibHbiM 3HaxaM, He BxoflaiunM b ero cocTaB, no npnHunny Bbipa>xeHHOCTH / HeBbipa>xeHHOCTn n oflHOBpeMeHHO npoTHBonocraB/iaeT BceM CTpyxTypaM, y KOTopbix c/ia6o n/in BOBce He Bbipa>xeHbi rpaH nub i. C t o h k h 3peH na TexcTa-3HaxoBon noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHOcrn o h xapaxTepn3yeTCfl

CTpyKTyphocTbK) («TeKC Ty npM cym a BHyTpeHH5i5i opraHM3ai4i/m, npeBpamax)Lnafl ero Ha CMHTarMaTMnecxoM ypoBHe b CTpyKTypHoe ue/ioe» [JloTMaH 2000b, c. 63 ]). n pM3Ha K CTpyKTy pHOCTM 6a3MpyeTCfl Ha CBOMCTBe MepapxMHHOCTM TexcTa. Ka>xflbiM M3 ypoBHefi TexcTa n p e f l C T a B / i ^ e T c o 6 o m c m CTe m y , 3 a m kh y T y x) m0praHM30BaHHyK) C0 6 CTBeHH0 M eflMHMUeM M C0 6 CTBeHHblMM 3aKOHaMM. flaHHbie ypoBHM MoryT fla>xe ormcbiBaTbca pa3HblMM MeT3513blKaMM.

Cbomctbo TexcTa xax M3o6pa3HTe/ibHoro 3Haxa b ero aM6nBa/ieHTHOCTM: « ...c xo a c tb o c o6o3HaHaeMbiM mm0 6 "beKT0 M M HeCXOflCTBO C 0603HaHaeMblM MM 0 6 "beKT0 M» [JloTMaH 2 0 0 0 b , c. 6 6 ] . C x o a c t b o 3aK/ix)HaeTCfl b MOfle/1 MpOBaHMM fleMCTBMTe/lbHOCTM m OTo6pa>xeHMM ee npM noMOii^M onpefle/ieHHOM CMCTeMbi koaob. HecxoflCTBO COCTOMT B MCri0Jlb30BaHMM MHOM CMCTeMbi KOflOB (fl3blKOBblX 3HaKOB) fl/19\ C03flaHM51 MOfle/lM fleMCTBMTe/lbHOCTM.

l / l c x o M3 flBOMHOM 3aKOflMpOBaHHOe™ TeKCTa [JlOTMaH 2002, c. 158], caM TexcT npeflno/iaraeT Ha/iMHMe b ero opraHM3auMM ypoBHefi pa3/iMHHOM npM poflb i: «Oahm npMHaflJie>xaT ecTecTBeHHOMy fl3bixy, a apym e - fl3bixy TexcTa. Ko/ie6aHM5i b none «ceMMOTMHecxafl oflHopoflHOcrb - CeMMOTMHeCKa51 HeOflHOpOflHOCTb» [JlOTMaH 2000b, c. 160] - cyTb 3HaxoBOM opraHM3auMM TexcTa xax npouecca.

OneBMf lHO, HTO MCCJief lOBaHMe C0 6 CTBeHHO JlMHTBMCTMHeCKMX ypOBHeM B TeKCTe He MO>KeT OnMCaTbcneuMcjDMKy TexcTa xax oco6oro c|DeHOMeHa. 3 to cxopee onMcaHMe pea/iM3auMM sbwkobom CMCTeMbi. nepcnexTMBHee roBopMTb o HenocpeflCTBeHHO TexcroBbix ypoBHax, KOTopbie o6ecneHMBax)T «HecraHflapTHoe» noBeaeHMe A3biKOBbix 3HaxoB b TexcTe, b KOHenHOM CHeTe o6ecneHMBax)T npeBpaiêHM e fl3b ixoB oro 3Haxa b TexcroBbiM 3Hax.

Yc/iOBi/ieM fl/ifl Taxoro npeBpameHMfl nsnnercn pea/iM3ai4km x aT ero p k iM kom m yh m xaT M b h o ctm m c o 3 fla H M e KOMMyHMKaTMBHOrO Hanpfl>XeHM5l B TeKCTe.

KoMMyHMxaTMBHoe Hanp5i>xeHMe BHyTpM TexcTa npoflB jm eTca b HacTHOCTM b Hanp5i>xeHMM Me>KAy TeHAeHUMeM k MHTerpauMM - npeBpameHMK) KOHTexcTa b TexcT m AG3MHTerpauMM - npeBpaiAeHMK) TexcTa b kohtckct. HanpMMep, «neTep6yprcxMM TexcT» mjim «3axoH» xax eAMHbm TexcT, m b to >xe BpeMfl poMaH pacnaAaeTca Ha HOBejuibi (HanpM M ep, «TepoM H aiuero BpeMeHM» JlepMOHTOBa), 3axoH pacnaAaeTca Ha CTaTbM, xawAaa m3 KOTopbix npMMeH5ieTC5i no OTAGJibHOCTM. ripM 3tom b oueHxe AaHHoro Hanp5i>xeHM5i no3MUMM aBTopa m HMTaTejia MoryT He coBnaAaTb: TaM, rAe aBTop bmamt eAMHbiM TexcT, HMTaTejib OTMenaeT jiMiub co6paHMe OTAejibHbix TexcTOB, m Hao6opoT.

B CB513M C CeMMOTMHeCKOM KOHUenUMeM B TeKCTe BbiAejmeTCfl tpm TMna opraHM3auMM: KOHCTpyxTMBHaa, ceMaHTMHecxaa m npamaTMHecxafl. Ha xa>KAOM M3 3tmx ypoBHen no-CBoeMy BonjiomaeTCfl ko m MyHMxaTMBHoe Hanp5i>xeHMe.

3.2. KoHCTpyKTHBHan opraHM3ai4MBT e K C T a

Bonpoc O AHHaMMHeCKOM OnMCaHMM KOHCTpyKUMM TexcTa AOJiroe BpeMfl ocraBajica o tkpntnm . Eiue KD.H. TbIHflHOB B «npo6jieMe CTMXOTBOpHOTO 5l3blKa» TOBOpMJl 0 TOM, HTO «eAHHCTBO npOM3BeAGHM51 He eCTb 3aMKHyT351 CMMMeTpMHecxasi uejiocTHOCTb, a pa3BepTbiBax)LAa5ic5i AMHaMMnecxan uejiocTHOCTb; Mex<Ay ee 3JieMeHTaMM HeT craTMHecxoro 3Haxa paBeHCTBa m oio>xeHM5i, ho BcerAa ecTb AMHaMMHeCKMM 3HaK COOTHOCMTeJlbHOCTM M MHTerpai_lMM»[T whahob 1993, c. 26]. flMHaMM3M, no MHeHMK) KD.H.

Tbii-mHOBa, CKa3biBaeTC5i 1) b He coeflHHeHnn n c jih 5 ih h h

3/ieMeHTOB xoHcrpyxunn, a b nx B3anMOflencTBnn, npn k o to p o m n p o n c x o fln T B b iflB nw eH ne o a h o h rpynnb i 3/ieMeHTOB 3a cneT Apyron n AecjDopMaunn noAHHHeHHbix; 2) cjDopMa npn 3to m BcerAa ecTb npoTexaHne cooTHOweHnfl AOMnHnpyKDinero 3/ieMeHTa n noHHHeHHbix. B 3 to m n 3 a k / i K)maeTC5i, no m h eH n x) p y c c x n x cjDopMa/incTOB, KOHCTpyKTnBHbin n p n H u n n o p ra H n 3 a u n n TexcTa. 0 B3anMOAencTBnn n Hanpa>xeHnn Mex<Ay abyma 3/ieMeHTaMn TexcTa roB opnT n B.B. B nHorpaAO B , x a p a x T e p n 3 y a xoMno3nunoHHO-peMeByx) CTpyxTypy TexcTa: « .. .5i3 bix jinTepaTypHO-xyAO>xecTBeHHoro npon3BeAeHH5i flB/iaeTCfl ccjDepon cxpeineHHfl, npeo6pa30BaHnfl n CTpyxTypHoro o6"beA H HeHn5i x o M n o 3 n u n o H H O - p e M e B b i x c|)opM » [BnHorpaAOB 1980, c. 82], a caMa xoMno3nunoHHO-peMeBa5i CTpyxTypa TexcTa npeACTaB/iaeT co6on AHHaMHHecxoe pa3BepTbiBaHne, B3anMOAencTBne n B3anMOOTHOiueHne 3JieMeHTOB.

npeACTaBnTe/in MOCxoBCxo-TapTycxon ceMnomMecxon luxo/ibi (KD.M. JloTMaH, B.A. YcneHCxnn n AP-) paciunpn/in 3to no/io>xeHne c[}opMa/incTOB: AHHaMnxa co3AaeTca He CTO/ibxo 3a cneT CTonxHOBeHHfl 3/ieMeHTOB b npeAe/iax o a h o h CTamMecxon cncTeMbi, ho n 3a cneT cooTHOweHi/m onncaHnn TexcTa pa3HbiMn cnocoOaMH. flMHaMMHecxaa CTpyxTypa TexcTa c tp o h t c a xax HexoTopoe xo/inMecTBO CTamMecxnx MOAe/ien, HaxoAflinnxcfl b onpeAe/ieHHOM noABn>xHOM OTHOiueHnn. TaxnM o6pa30M , CTamMecxoe onncaHne - 3 to Hexnn 3Tan b AHHaMMHecxoM onncaHnn TexcTa n craTnnecxafl MOAe/ib OTpa>xaeT He crpyxTypy TexcTa, a CTpyxTypy OAHoro H3 xoHCTpyxTnBHbix npnHunnoB, Ha cxpeineHnn xoTopbix TexcT >xnBeT. H to 6 w onncaTb xoHCTpyxunx) TexcTa, Hy>xHO OTxa3aTbca o t npeAcraB/ieHi/m ee xax OAHoro MexaHn3Ma, a pacc/ionTb ee no xpanHen Mepe

Ha ABa, oxapaKTepn30BaTb xax<AbiM m3 hmx xax OTAe/ibHyx) CMCTeMy CO CBOMMM 3aXOHOMepHOCTMMM, a 3aTeM paccMOTpeTb mx xax xoHcrpyxTMBHoe ue/ioe. OTHOiueHMe Me>XAy T3XMMM nOACMCTeMaMM M ypOBHMMM M COCTaBJIMeT paBoTy CMCTeMbi. OAHaxo, cjDMxcMpyM To/ibxo TMnbi CTpyxTyp M AHHaMMXy MX COOTHOLLieHMM, Mbl, nO MHeHMIO fO .M .

JloTMaHa, He no/iynMM aAexBaTHbix MOAe/ieM TexcTa. fl/iM 3TO TO H eo Bxo A H M 0 y /1 0 BMTb M 3ac[}MXCMpOBaTb 3HepreTMMecxMM m o m c h t , xoTopbiM 06 /iaAaeT Texcr: conpoTMB/ieHMe ypoBHeM m noACMCTeM mx crpyxTypHOMy c6/iM>xeHMio m ycM/iMe, xoTopoe TpeByeTCM npeoAO/ieHMM 3TOrO COnpOTMB/ieHMM. TaXMM 3HepreTMMeCXMM MOMeHTOM MB/iMeTCM, xax npeACTaB/iMeTCM, x o m MyHMxaTMBHoe HanpM>xeHMe, xoTopoe C03AaeTCM 6/iaroAapM crpeM/ieHMio x npMTMTMBaHMio m OTTa/ixMBaHMio pa3Hbix TMnoB CTpyxTyp, pa3HblX npMHUMnOB m npM3HaxoB.

C B O M C TB O M /ie H M M O C T M T e K C T a . J1x)6om TexcT noAAaeTCM pa3/io>xeHMio Ha 3/ieMeHTbi. 3 t o o6yc/iOB/ieHO OCOBeHHOCTMMM nepeAaMM M BOCnpMMTMM He/10BeX0 M MH(J)0pMai4MM. TOBOpMLAMM M C/iywaiOLAMM CTpeMMTCM Xa>XAblM CO CBOeki CTOpOHbl BblM/ieHMTb M3 MMpa AeMCTBMTe/lbHOCTM M

MMpa TexcTa HaMBo/iee 3HanMMbie c ero tom xm 3peHMM 3/ieM eH Tbi, npeABapM Te/ibHO pa3/io>xMB e a n h o e npocTpaHCTBO Ha nacTM. K TOMy >xe rpacjDMMecxM m

MHTOHauMOHHO b Texcre BbiAeriMX)TCM c/ioBa, npeA/io>xeHMM, a63aubi. flaHHbm je 3 v \c Bbi3Ba/i x >xm3hm AO/ime noMCXM JIMHTBMCTMXOM TeXCTa OCHOBHOM MMHMMa/lbHOM eAHHMUbl TexcTa. OneBMAHO, m to TaxoM eAMHMueM He MO>xeT BbiTb npeA/io>xeHMe, Tax xax npeA/io>xeHMe He 06 /iaAaeT A0CT3T0MH0M MH(£)0pMai4M0HH0M Ue/lOCTHOCTblO, T. e. He MO>XeT MB/lMTbCM MMHMMa/lbHOM nOpUMeM MH(J)0pMai4MM. npMBOAM/lMCb pa3/lMMHbie BapMaHTbl nOAOBHblX eAMHMU - CBepxc[}pa30Boe ca m h c tb o (O.C. AxMaHOBa, H P . fa/ibnepMH),

a63au, c/io>KHoe cnHTaKCkmecKoe ue/ioe (A.M. newKOBCKnn), KOMnoHeHT TeKCTa (H .A . OnrypoBCKkin), npo3anHecKaa CTpocjDa ( r M. Co/iraHMK), cnHTaKCkmecKnn KOMn/ieKC (A.M.

OBC^HHMKOBa), MOHOJIOrMHeCKOe BblCKa3blBaHMe, KOMMyHMKaTMBHblM 6 /lOK M T. fl. I IOCTeneHHO B MCcneflOBaTenbCKon /li/iTepaType 3aKpenn/icfl TepMkiH cno>KHoe CMHTaKCMHecKoe ue/ioe (CCI4). CCI4 06/iaflaeTM M H M M a /lb H O M C M b lC /lO B O H , M H $ O p M a U M 0 H H 0 M M

KOHCTpyKTMBHon 3aKOHHeHHOCTbK), coB naaaeT C pa3BMTMeM

MMKpoTeMbi. OflHaKO BBeaeHne 3tom eflHHMUbi, ee onncaHne He npoflBMHy/io Teopnio TeKCTa b o6"b5iCHeHnn cjDeHOMeHa TeKCTOBon CTpyKTypbl. rionbiTKa o6Hapy>KMTb y CCI4 CBOMCTBa u e / i o r o T e K C T a , a b h a c t h o c t mKO M M y H M KaTH B H OCTb, He M 0 >K e T n p M BeCTM K no/io>KMTejibHOMy pe3y/ibTaTy, nocKO/ibKy OTfle/ibHbin KOMnOHeHT He MO>KeT OTpa3MTb ue/ioro. OaKTHHeCKH BBeêHMe CCI4 AB/isieTcs flaHbio onncaHnio TeKCTa KaK pea/lM3ai4MM fl3blKOBOH CMCTeMbl, a He KaK BTOpMHHOM MOfle/inpyiOLuen ceMnoTkmecKon cncreMbi. CCI4 He noMoraeT npoHMKHyTb n b cyTb cjDeHOMeHa TeKCTa. (CoBpeMeHHbie nonbiTKM npeoflo/iem/m 3/ieMeHTHOCTH npn cemeHTaunH TeKCTa c m . b pa6oTax: [flbmapcKHn 2001; naHHeHKO 2007a]).

M.P. Ta/ibnepMH Bbifle/iaeT flBa Tuna H/ieHeHi/m TeKCTa - oOteMHO-nparMaTMHecKoe n KOHTeKCTHO-BapnaTHBHoe. riepBbm Tun H/ieHeHM5i ocHOBbiBaeTC i npe>Kfle Bcero, no MHeHMio nccneflOBaTe/151, Ha npamaTHHecKon cjDyHKUMM TeKCTa no o t h o i u eHMio k cji y lu a kd lu e m y n cy6"beKTHO-no3HaBaTenbHOM no OTHOiueHmo k roBopsuueMy: «...H/ieHeHMe /iio6oro TeKCTa, 6yflb oh xyflOKecTBeHHbm, Ae/iOBon, ra3eTHbin n/in HaynHbin, HMeeT flBOsiKyio ocHOBy: pa3flenbHO npeflcraBHTb HMTaTe/iio OTpe3KH fl/ia toi~o, hto6w o6/ierHMTb BOcnpi/mTne coo6iueHkm, n fl/ia toi~o, HTo6bi

a b t o p fl/iM ce6 a yMCHn/i x a p a x T e p b pe m e h h o n , npocTpaHCTBeHHon, o6pa3Hon, Jion/Necxon n apyron cbsbh

OTpe3KOB coo6iueHHM» [Ta/ibnepHH 1981, c. 57]. B flam-iOM c/iyH ae a63au b npo3anHecxoM npon3B efleH nn n Hexyflo>KecTBeHHOM TexcTe n CTpocjDa n CTpoxa b

CTnxoTBopHOM npeflcraB/iMxrr co6on nflexca/ibHbie 3Haxn. O o p M a , 3Hax n fleHOTaT oxa3biBax)TCM 3flecb b

npocTpaHCTBeHHon n/n/in Jion/Necxon CMe>xHOCTn. OflHaxo xax a63au, Tax n CTpocjDa MoryT Bbino/iHMTb n nHyx) cjDyHxunx) - ceMaHTnHecxyx) - b to m c/iyHae, xorâ H/ieHeHne TexcTa npn6/w>xaeTCM x flByM xpanHHM TOHxaM - MaxcnMyMy n MHHHMyMy cem eHTaunn TexcTa. Taxoe xapaxTepHO ajim nocTMOflepHHcrcxnx TexcTOB, /wTepaTypbi «noTOxa co3HaHHM», aBaHrapflHoro TexcTa, c tu x o b B.B. MaMXOBCxoro, A. Bo3HeceHCxoro n flp. B noflo6Hbix TexcTax 3aTpyflHeHHaM c|DopMa HeceT He npam aTHHecxyx) n cyetexTHO-nosHaBaTe/ibHyK) Harpy3xy, a Harpy3xy ceMaHTkiHecxyx), cerMeHTbi >xe TexcTa npeBpaiuaxrrcM n3 nHflexca/ibHbix b nxoHHHecxne 3Haxn, cjDopMa xoTopbix nepeâeT fleHOTaT n/in xaxoe-/in6o ero c b o h c tb o noB03M0>XHOCTH TOHHO.

B t o p o n T n n H / i e H e H H M T e x c T a - xoHTexcTHO-BapnaTnBHbin - ocHOBbmaeTCM Ha nepeflane cjDaxTa c p a3 /iH H H b ix cy6"bexTHbix n o 3 n u n n . B jiHHrBHCTHHecxon n zinTepaTypoBeflHecxon zinTepaType Tax>xe He cym ecTByeT eflHHon t o h xn 3peHHM Ha o6o3HaHeHne flaHHon eflnHnubi. M o>xho BCTpeTnTb Taxne TepMnHbi, xax no3HUHM aBTopa / no3nunM nepcoHa>xa, cjDoxyc n3o6pa>xeHnM, nepcnexTnBa aBTopa / nepcnexTHBa nepcoHa>xa, opneHTaunM H3o6pa>xeHHM n t . fl. Han6o/iee ycTOMBiunMCM TepMnHOM MB/iMeTCM npefl/io>xeHHaM E.A. YcneHCxnM [YcneHCxnn 1995] xaTeropnM t o h x h 3peHHM, xoTopaM B6npaeT b ce6fl Bee nepeHnc/ieHHbie noHMTHM.

M /ie H e H k ie T e x c T a 3aBMCMT He T o / ib x o o t cy6"beKTHOM

npnH aA/ie>KHO CTM p e n e B b ix napTM M , npM H afl/ie>xaLU M x

noBecTBOBaTenx) m nepcoHa>xy, ho m b 6yxBa/ibHOM CMbic/ie

OT TOHKM 3peHM51 (6 y X B a / lb H O : M eCTa HaXO>KAeHM5l)

peneBoro, a BMecTe c hmm m BOcnpMHMMax)mero cy6"beKTa. B

AaHHOM c /iy n ae 3/ieM eHTbi, Ha KOTopbie H/ieHMTca T e x c r, coBMemax)T b ce6e CBOMCTBa MHflexca/ibHbix m m kohm hockhx

3HaKOB.

C B 5 I3 H O C T b K a K O C H O B H O e K O H C T p y K T M B H O e

CBOMCTBO. K x p y r y BOnpOCOB, CB5l3aHHblX C CjDeHOMeHOM

TeKCTa M AOCTaTOHHO OCBeiAeHHblX J1MHTBMCTMKOM TeKCTa,

npM H aflJ ie>KM T B o n p o c o c b a 3 h o c tm T e x c T a , K O T opaa

n p e f lC T a B / ia e T C f l x a x o c H O B H o e , m n a c T O f la > x e

TexcTOo6pa3yK)LAee cbom ctbo TexcTa. 3 t o oe tflC H fleT ca TeM,

HTO B JlMHTBMCTMXe yCTaHOBMJICfl B3l715lfl Ha TeKCT KaK Ha

M H C [}O pM ai4M O H H O e M C T p y K T y p H O e e flM H C T B O , x a x

c[}yHKUMOHajibHO 3a B e p iu eH H oe p e n e B o e u e / io e . 3a fla n e M

MCcneflOBaTe/151 b flaHHOM c / iy n a e A B /m eT ca Bbm B/ieHM e

BMflOB CB5i3eM b TexcTe m o n pe fle /ie H M e npaBM/i nepeflaHM

MHC[}OpMai4MM BO M36e>KaHMe J10>KH0M TpaKTOBKM TexcTa

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rioHATM e cb513hoctm b caMOM o 6 m eM rm aH e MO>KHO

o n p e fle /iM T b n e p e 3 no B T op : noc/ie flO BaTe/ibH O C Tb 3H axoB

p a cue H M B a e T C 5 i x a x CB5i3Ha5i, T a x x a x m m eeT M ecTO

nOBTOp5ieMOCTb pa3JlMHHblX 3HaKOB, mx c|)opM, a Tax>xe

CMbic/iOB. Pa3/iMHax)T jio x a /ib H y x ) m m o 6 a jib H y x ) CB5i3HOCTb.

J lO K a /lb H a f l CB513HOCTb - 3TO CB5l3HOCTb JIM HeM HbIX

nocneflOBaTenbHOCTeM. r/io6a /ibH a5 i CB5i3HOCTb - 3 to t o , h to

o6ecnenM B aeT c a m h c tb o TexcTa x a x CM bic/iO Boro u e / io ro .

CB5l3HOCTb B 0 6 lUeM BMfle np05IBJ15ieTC5l B TeKCTe TpeM fl

cnoco6aM M : nepe3 xore3MK), peTpocnexuM K) m npoTexuMK).

M.P. Ta/ibnepnH CHHTaeT, h t o CBA3HOCTb TexcTa pea/in3yeTC5i nepe3 pa3/inHHbie cjDopMbi xore3nn ( o t aHr/i. c o h e s i o n — cuenz ie i -me) , oco6bie BHflbi c b a 3 h , o6ecneHHBax)Lune k o h t h HyyM , t . e. / lornHecxyx) , TeMnopa/ibHyx) n npocTpa h c tb c h Hyx) noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHOCTb n B3anMOCB5i3b coo6iueHnn b Texcre.

Kore3i/m noflpa3fle/ifleTCfl Ha BHflbi b 3aBncnMOCTn o t

pafla ocHOBaHnn. T ax , Ha ocHOBaHnn xapaxTepa n o B T o p f lX D iu e n c f l 5i3 b ik o b o m e f lk iH n u b i B b i f le / i f lK ) T

c[}OHeTHHecxyK), Mopc|)eMHyK), Mopc|)o/iornHecKyK) (n/in rpaMMaTnnecxyx)), /lexcnHecxyx), cnHTaxcnnecxyx) xore3HK). B o6ecneneHnn flaHHoro Bnâ c b a 3 h o c th oco6yx) po/ib nrpax)T c|Dnrypbi noBTopa Taxne, xax aHacjDopa, 3nnc|)opa, 3naHac[Dopa, cnHTaxcnHecKnn napa/i/ie/in3M, xna3M n flp. flaHHbin Tun c b a 3 h o c th ocHOBaH Ha noBTopaeMOCTH 3/ieMeHTOB xaxoro-TO sobiKOBoro ypoBHfl b npeae/iax TexcTa.

Of l Haxo f l a / iexo He Bcerâ noBTopaeMOCTb o6ecneHHBaeTCfl To/ibxo 3a cneT c[}opMa/ibHoro TO>xflecTBa, OHa MO>xeT 6biTb o6ecneneHa n CMbic/iOBbiM TO>xflecTBOM 3/ieMeHTOB. K 3TOMy Bnfly xore3nn m o> kho OTHecTn cnHOHnMnHecKnn, aHTOHnMnnecxnn, ri/moHHMHHecKHH, OMOHHMHHecxnn n napoHHMHHecxnn noBTopbi, nepnc|)pa3, accounaTnBHbin noBTop. AccounaTnBHaa xore3Hfl cnoco6cTByeT pea/in3aunn KOHuenTya/ibHon MHcjDopMaunn. AccounaTHBHa5i Kore3i/m ocymecTB/ifleTCfl Ha ocHOBe KOHHOTaunn. AccounaTnBHbie c|DopMbi xore3nn MoryT BbixoflnTb 3a npefle/ibi flaHHoro TexcTa, npeBpaiuaacb b

cnrHa/ibi HHTepTexcra. 3 t o t Tnn xore3nn xapaxTepeH b

ochobhom fl/ifl xyfloxecTBeHHoro TexcTa.

TaK>xe xyflo>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa xapaxTepeH n eiue oflnH Tnn Kore3nn, Bbifle/ieHHbin M.P. ra/ibnepnHbiM, - 3 t o o6pa3Haa xore3km. flofl o6pa3Hon xore3nen

MCC/ieflOBaTe/ib npe fl/ia raeT noHMMaTb Taxne BMflbi cba3m, KOTopbie, «nepexjiMKaflCb c accouMaTMBHbiMM, B036y>xflaK)T npeflCTaBJieHM5i o nyBCTBeHHO BoenpMHMMaeMbix oO texTax fleMCTBMTe/ibHOCTM» [TajibnepMH 1981, c. 8 0 ]. H an6o /iee flpKMM npMMepOM 06pa3H0M KOre3MM MO>KeT CJiy>KMTb pa3BepHyTaa MeTacjDopa. B 3 tom BMê xore3MM roBopsunMM CBA3biBaeT He npeflMe™ m nsneniAn fleMCTBMTejibHOCTM, a o6pa3bi, npn noMOLUM k o to p n x 3tm npeflM e™ m nsnen iA n

npeflcraB/ieHbi, h to npMBOflMT k flBM>xeHMK) xapaxTepMCTMK oOteKTa npn OTHOCMTejibHOM CTaTMHHOCTM caMoro oOteKTa. H an 6 o /ie e OTneTJiMBO o6pa3Haa Kore3i/m peajiM3yeTca b n03TMHeCKMX npOM3BefleHM51X.

l / I . P . r a ji b n e p m h B b i / i e / i 5 i e TK0Mn03MI4M0HH0-CTpyKTypHbie CjDOpMbl KOre3MM - 3TO Taxne cjDopMbi, KOTopbie HapymaKDT noc/ie flO BaTe/ibH O C Tb m jiorMHecxyK) opraHM3auMK) noBecTBOBaHnsi pa3JiMHHoro poâ OTCTynJieHMflMM, nOflCHeHMflMM, BCTaBHbIMM 3nM30flaMM, HanpaMyx) He CBfl3aHHbiMi/i c ochobhom TeMon M3Jio>xeHkm.

B TexcTe MO>xeT 6biTb eme CTnjiMCTMHecxafl xore3km, KOTopaa oOecneHMBaeTca noBTopaeMOCTbK) cjDkiryp penn m npneMOB. HanpMMep, M cnojib30BaHne b T excre cjDMrypbi aHacjDopbi mjim xM a 3 M a . H a x o H e u BCTpenaK)TC5i m pMTMMK006pa3yK)L14Me (J) O p M bl KOre3M M, K KOTOpbIM OTHOCMTC51 MeTp, pMTM, pMC[}Ma.

Ha ocHOBahmm p a c n o jio x e H i/m noBTopsiKDLHMxcfl 3JieMeHTOB BblfleJlflKDT flMCTaHTHyK) M KOHTaXTHyK) xore3MK), KOTopaa o6ecneHMBaeTC5i ocymecTBJieHMeM cbsbm Ha pa3Hbix ynacTxax TexcTa. I lo f l KOHTaxTHOM xore3neM noHMMaeTCfl HajiMHMe KoppejiMpyKDii^Mx 3JieMeHTOB Me>xfly nocjieflyKDii^MM m npeflb iflym M M npeflJio>xeHMeM b T e xc re . f ln c ra H T H an xore3km b ochobhom xapaxTepH a f l j ia xyflo>xecTBeHHbix TeXCTOB, Tfle, TOJlbXO BHMMaTeJlbHO npMCMOTpeBLUMCb X

CjDOpMe, B03M0>KH0 BblAe/lHTb 0T0>KAeCTBJ15ieMbie 3/ieMeHTbl.

Taxi/iM o6pa30M , xore3i/m xa x o a h h n3 TnnoB c b5I3hocth b

Te x c T e B b in o /ii-m e T cjDyHxuMX) He T o / ib x o c [}o p M a /ib H o ro

c6 /in > xe H H 5 i 3 /ie M e H T O B , h o h H e ce T c e M a H T i/m e c x y x )

H a rp y 3 x y , n p e A C T a B /if lf l H3 c e 6 a M H A e x c a /ib H b in 3 H a x ,

npocTpaHCTBeHHO c6nn>xax)Lnnn AMCTaHTHO pacno/io>xeHHbie

3 /ieM eH Tb i T e x c T a . K o re a n s H e p e A x o B /ie n e T 3a c o 6 o n

M 3M eH eH ne C M bic/iO B bix O TH O nieH nn A B y x c u e rm a e M b ix

OTpe3XOB.

Ha ocHOBaHMM ynoTpe6nMOCTM 3/ieMeHTOB b TexcTe BbiAe/i5ix)T peryjiapHyx) n HeperyjiapHyx) CB5i3HOCTb.

B 3aBncnMOCTn o t HanpaB/ieHHfl, b x o t o p o m

ocyiAecTB/iaeTCfl CBA3b, BbiAe/i5ix)T nporpeccMBHyx) nperpeCCMBHyK) CB5l3HOCTb.

KpoMe xore3nn CB5i3HOCTb TexcTa o6ecneMMBaeTC5i 3a CMeT npoTexunn n peTpocnexunn, npo5iB/i5ix)LAHxc5i b

o c h o b h o m MMnnnuMTHo: peTpocnexuna ocHOBaHa Ha cn o co 6 HOCTn Hawen naMATH yAep>xnBaTb paHee c o o 6 inaeM oe n cu e n /iflT b e ro c noc/ieAyKDiAHMH coo6ineHM5iMn; b npoTexunn nMn/inunTHOCTb npn nepermeTeHnn c HexoTopbiMn 3xcn/inunTHO Bbipa>xeHHbiMn cnrHa/iaMn HanpaB/iaeT BHHMaHne MHTaTe/ia, 3acraBJi5ieT e ro npeA yraA aTb t o , m to 6yAGT b Aa/ibH enw eM pa3BepTbiBaHnn TexcTa.

P e T p o c n e x u n a O T C b i / i a e T c /iy lu a \o l a e r o x npeALuecTByKDLAen HHc|)opMaunn b AByx c/iyMa^x: 1) xorAa npeAiuecTByx)LAa5i nHc|)opMaun5i paHee y>xe 6bma M3/io>xeHa b TexcTe, 2 ) xorA a npeALuecTByKDLuaa nHc|)opMaun5i HapyiuaeT /wHenHoe pa3BepTbiBaHne TexcTa, n nponcxoAHT nepecTaHOBxa BpeMeHHbix n/iaHOB noBecTBOBaHnfl . PeTpocnexui/m peiuaeT OAHOBpeMeHHO Tpn 3aAann: 1) BoccTaHab / inBaeT b naM$rrn paHee npeAcraB/ieHHbie cjDax™

mnn CBeflem/m, 2 ) flaeT B03M0>KH0CTb nepeocMbic/ii/iTb y>Ke i/i3BecTHbie CBefleHM5i b hobom KOHTeKcre, 3 ) aKTya/iM3npyeT OTfle/ibHbie h aCTi/i TeKCTa. OopMaMM pea/iM3auMM peTpocneKUMM AB/iaeTCfl noBTop, oco6oe MecTO 3am/iMaK)T fleMKTi/mecKi/ie 3/ieMeHTbi.

I”!pOTeKUM51 - TaKOM TMn CB513HOCTM TeKCTa, KOTOpblM

othocmt c /iyw a iO Lnero k TOMy, o MeM 6 y fle T CKa3aHO f la / ie e .

l lp o c n e K U M fl , KaK i/i p e T p o c n e K U M fl o c y in e c T B J ia e T C fl c

nO M O IHbK) nO BTO pO B I/I fleM KTM M eCKM X 3 /ie M e H T O B . O H a

B b in o /iH a e T T e w e c|Dyhkui/im, hto i/i p e T p o c n e K u i/m , ho c HeKO TO pbIM y T O H H e H I/ie M . n p O C n e K U M 5l MO>KeT CJiy>KI/ITb

ochobom p e a /iM 3aunM 3 ctDc[}eKTa o 6 M aH yToro ow M flaHM fl,

KOTopbiM n p eflC T aB /iaeT co6om He hto i/m oe, KaK H ap yw eH M e

npoTeKUMM.

B u e /iO M K aK K o r e a n s , T a K m p e T p o c n e K U M f l m n p o c n e K U M 5i n p e a n o / i a r a \o t o n p e ^ e / i e H H y io

n e p e a K u e H T y u m o 3 / i e M e H T O B T e K C T a . J1 kd 6 a 5i

cooTH eceH H O C Tb o f lH o ro 3 /ie M e H T a c a p y rM M npMBOflMT k C O nO C TaB neH I/IIO MX C TOHKM 3 p e H M 9\ KO HCTpyKTM BHO M ,

nparMaTMnecKOM m ceMaHTMnecKOM 3 HaHMMOcn/i.

U e/l O C T H O C T b T e K C T a K a K O C H O B H O e

KOHCTpyKTMBHOe CBOMCTBO. 3 TO TaKOe CBOMCTBO TeKCTa,

KOTopoe n p e f ln o /ia ra e T Ha/iMHMe e^MHCTBa TeM aTM necK oro ,

K O H u en T ya /ib H o ro , M O fla /ib H oro [B an rM H a 2 0 0 3 , c. 4 5 ] , e ro

cyTb b ceMaHTMnecKOM HeaflflMTMBHOCTM (TeKCT KaK u e /io e

B cerfla 6 0 / ib w e cyMMbi e ro 3 /ieM eH TO B) [JlyKMH 1 9 9 9 , c. 4 1 ] .

Ot Ue/IOCTHOCTM Mbl MO>KeM npMMTM K CB513HOCTM, 3H39\, HTO

npeflC TaB JiaeT co6om roTOBbiki TeKCT, Mbi MO>KeM BbmBMTb

3 / ie M e H T b i, M3 kotopnx oh n o c T p o e H , ho f l a w e mme a

n p e flc ra B /ie H M e 0 6 3 /ie M eH T a x m cbsbax M e w /iy hmmm, Mbi He

CMO>KeM BOCCTaHOBMTb TOTOBblM TeKCT, T. e . Mbl He MO>KeM

npMMTM OT CB513HOCTM K Ue/IOCTHOCTM.

C n o 3 m 14 m m r o B o p M L A e r o u e /i o c t h o c T b KOHKpeTM3MpyeTCM B nOHMTMM 3aMblC/ia (MOTMBa, MHTeHUMM), KOTopbm cyiAecTByeT a o roTOBoro TexcTa m 3aTeM BonuoiAaeTCM b HeM, npeTepneBaa M3MeHeHMM b npouecce 3Toro Bon/ioiAeHMM. B t o t o b o m TexcTe 3aMblCen TpaHcc|DopMMpyeTCM b TeMy m MAex) TexcTa. Ue/iocmocrb TexcTa 3ax/ix)MaeTCM b eAMHCTBe TeM bi - mmxpoTeM, MaxpoTeM m m o 6a/ibHOM TeMbi TexcTa. E a m h c tb o TeMbi oBecneMMBaeTCM TO>xAecTBOM pec|)epeH 141/m - cooTHOLuem/ieM c jio b c oah i/im i/i TeM >xe npeAM eTOM i/i3o6pa>xeHi/m - m

MB/iem/ieM i/iMn/11/ixa 141/11/1, ocHOBam-iOM Ha CMTyaTMBHbix cbm3mx - h a/i 1/1 h 1/1 e o a h i/ ix OTo6 pa>xaeMbix npeAMeTOB npeAnouaraeT Ha/iMMne m ApyrMx, ci/iTyaTi/iBHO c hi/imi/i

CBM3aHHblX.

Ue/iocTHOCTb TexcTa pea/iM3yeTCM Mepe3 ero MHTerpaumo, MOAa/ibHOCTb m 3aBepiueHHOCTb [ra/ibnepnH 1981].

1 / l H T e r p a u n M (ot z i a T . in te g ra tio n — B o c c T a H O B / i e H i / i e ,

B O c n o / i H e H k i e , i n t e g e r — u e / i b m ) - 3to c o c T O M H i / i e

C B M 3 a h h o c T i / i M a c T ei/\ b e A M H o e u e / i o e m n p o u e c c ,

o B e c n e M M B a i O L A M k i 3 T y C B M 3 a H H O C T b . 1 / l H T e r p a u n M 3 a A a e T C M

c a M O M C M C T e M O M T e x c T a i / i B 0 3 H i / i x a e T b H e M n o M e p e

p a 3 B e p T b i B a h m m i / i h c | d 0 p m a 1 4 i / i m i/i m b / i m o t c m 3 a / i o r o M

n o c n e A O B a T e n b H o r o o c M b i c / i e H i / m i / i H c [ } o p M a i 4 i / i i / i T e x c T a .

I/IHTerpa 141/iM o tjii/i MaeTCM ot xo re 3n n , xotm m o6ycnoB/ieHa nocneAHen, OHa MO>xeT ocyiAecTB/iMTbCM xax cpeACTBaMM xore3nn, Tax 1/1 mhmmm npecynno3MTMBHbiMM m accoui/iaTi/ibhbim 1/1 cpeACTBaMM. Kore3MM pea/iM3yeTCM b CMHTamaTMHecxoM n/iaHe, a MHTerpauMM - 3to MB/ieHMe cxopee napaAHrMaTMXM.

C p e A C T B a M M p e a / i M 3 a i 4 M M M H T e r p a u M M mb/imiotcm c n e u M a / i b H b i e o B o p o T b i ( to k m m o 6 p a 3 0 M , b C B e re

M3/io>KeHHoro, KaK y>Ke OTMeva/iocb n t . f l . ) , a Tax>xe cncTeMa K/ix)HeBbix c/iob TexcTa. K/ix)HeBbie c/iOBa, craHOBflCb flOMMHaHTHbiMn o6o3HaHeHn^Mn, opraHH3yx)T Boxpyr ce6a e^nHbin CMbic/iOBon xoHTexcT, BOB/iexas b Hero flpyrne c/iOBa, cnTyainBHO CBSBaHHbie co c/iOBOM-noHsrrneM, M36paHHbiM b xanecTBe K/ix)HeBoro. K/ix)HeBbie c/iOBa co3flax)T ceMaHTnHecxne TexcTOBbie no/ia.

Ue/iocTHOCTb TexcTa Tax>xe npoflB/iaeTCfl b ero 3aBepLueHHOCTn, h to o6ecneH H BaeTca x o p p e /ia u n e n Ha3BaHH5i TexcTa n pa3BepTbiBaHneM nHcjDopMaunn b TexcTe: « .. .3 a B e p iu e H H O C T b T ex c T a - cjDyHKuna 3 a M b ic / ia , no/io>xeHHoro b ocHOBy npon3BefleHna n pa3BepTbiBaeMoro b p 5\f\e c o o 6 m e H n n , o n n c a H n n , pa3M biu j n e H n n , noBecTBOBaHnn n a p y rn x c[}opM komMyHnxaTHBHoro npouecca. Kocqa, no mhchuk) aBTopa, >xe/iaeMbin pe3y/ibTaT flocTnmyT caMMM nocTynaTe/ibHbiM flBn>xeHneM TeMbi, ee pa3BepTbiBaHneM - TexcT 3aBepiueH» [ra/ibnepnH 1981, c. 1 3 1 ]. noH5iTne 3aBepiueHHOCTn npn/io>xnMO To/ibxo k uenoMy Texcry.

Ue/iocTHOCTb TexcTa npoflB /iaeTC fl Tax>xe n b aBTopcxon MOfla/ibHOCTn. Mofla/ibHOCTb npncyma /ix)6oMy T ex c T y , a He T o /ib x o xyflo>xecTBeHHO M y. f t snnncb yHMBepca/ibHon A3biKOBon x aT e ro p n e n , MOfla/ibHOCTb npoflBJiaeTCfl b TexcTe n o6ecnennBaeT eMy ue/iocmocrb b npeflcraB/ieHnn nHcjDopMaunn nofl TeM n/in hhwm yr/iOM 3peHna.

T axnM o 6 p a 3 0 M , TexcT 0 6 / ia f la e T f\syM5\ KOHCTpyXTMBHbl MU npH3HaKaMH - CBfl3HOCTbK) n uenocTHOCTbK). npn 3tom 06a 3Tn npn3Haxa Hepa3pbiBHbi n HaxoflflTca b OTHOiueHn^x B3anMHoro nepeceneHna n OTTa/ixnBahn5i. 1/lMeHHO npouecc ocMbicneHna ue/iocmocrn nepe3 CBSBHOCTb n o6Hapy>xeHnfl CBSBHOcrn npn yc/iOBnn

3H3HM51 Ue/IOCTHOCTM TeKCTa M 06eCneHMBaeT eflMHCTBO TexcTOBon KOHCTpyxunn, Ha h to yxa3biBax)T MHorkie MCC/ieflOBaTe/iM TexcTa (1/1.C. Ba/irnHa [2 0 0 3 ], I/I.P.

Ta/ibnepMH [1981], B.A. JlyxnH [1999; 2005] n AP-)-

napa flk itm aTkihecK kim m CMHTarMaTMnecxMM npMHUMnbi opraHM 3auM M T excTa . K3.M. J1otm3h yTBep>KAaeT, h to TexcT c tp o m tca no ABy m ocam: napaAHrMaTkinecxoki ki CMHTarMaTMHecKon. npki nopo>KAeHkiki TexcTa roBopaLAnn npoki3BOAkiT ABa pa3/ikiHHbix agmctbm^: 1) coeAHHaeT 3/ieMeHTbi Tax, h to 6n ohm o6pa30BbiBa/iM rpaMMaTMHecxM m ceMaHTMnecxM npaBM/ibHbie uenonxM, m 2) BbiOMpaeT M3 HexoToporo MHO>xecTBa 3/ieMeHTOB oamh, ynoTpeO/meMbin b abhhom TexcTe. Bee MHO>xecTBO KOHCTpyKTMBHbIX nOCTpoeHMM TeKCTa B CBA3M C 3TMM MO>KHO CBecTM k AByM npMHUMnaM: nepBbin npMHUMn Ae/iaeT Bee aneMeHTbi TexcTa 3KBMBa/ieHTHbiMM, ypaBHMBaeT 3/ieMeHTbi TexcTa, Aa>xe Te, xoTopbie b ecTecTBeHHOM A3bixe He51B/151KDTC5I ypaBHeHHbIMM; BTOpOM npMHUMn COeAMH5ieT TO, HTO B ecTecTBeHHOM 513blKe He MO>KeT 6blTb COeAMHeHO, 3TO npMHUMn MeTacjDopbi. Ilpn 3tom npMHUMn 3KBMBa/ieHTHOCTM noHMMaeTC5i paciuMpMTe/ibHo: BK/iK)Hax)TC5i Bee c/iynan 3KBMB3/ieHTHOCTM B TeKCTe. llpMHUMn MeTacjDOpbl TO>Ke TO/lKyeTC51 paCLUMpMTe/lbHO, T. e. KaK B03M0>KH0CTb CHflTb /ix)6bie orpaHnneHMfl Ha coeAMHeHM5i TexcTOBbix 3/ieMeHTOB.

3 K B M B a J1 e H T H 0 CT b M C 0 c t a B /I 9\ e T CyTb napaAHTMaTMHecKoro npnH unna xoHCTpyxTMBHon opraHM3auMM TexcTa. 3KBMBa/ieHTHOCTb 03HanaeT «paBHOUeHHOCTb», «paBH03H3HH0CTb», T. e. paBeHCTBO no Kaxon-jinOo ueHHOCTM, no KaKOMy-/in6o 3HaneHMK). 3KBMBa/ieHTHOCTb - 3TO He a6CO/lK)THOe TO>KAeCTBO,noaTOMy OHa noApa3yMeBaeT m hocxoactbo: «noAo6Hbie ypoBHM opraHM3yx)T HenoAoOHbie, ycraHaB/iMBafl n b hmx OTHOLU eH M51 U0I\06lA5\. OAHOBpeMeHHO HeCXOAHbie

npofle/ibiBaiOT npoTHBono/io>KHyio paOoTy, o6Hapy>KHBafl pa3Hnuy b cxoflHOM» [JlOTMaH 2 0 0 0 b , c . 8 9 ] . TaKHM o6pa30M, 3KBHBa/ieHTHOCTb BK/iiOHaeT b ce6a flBa Tuna OTHOiueHnn: OTHOLuem/m cxoflCTBa n OTHOweHi/m onno3nunn. CooTHOcnMbie aneMeHTbi no MeHbiuen Mepe no oflHOMy npn3HaKy nfleHTkiHHbi, a no flpyroMy He nfleHTnHHbi. 3/ieMeHTbi A n ^nfleHTnHHbi no CBSByiomeMy nx npn3Haxy ;r n HenfleHTnHHbi no npn3Haxy y. Onno3HUkm 3/ieMeHTOB A n B noflpa3yM eBaeT, Kpome nx HenfleHTHHHOCTH, nx cpaBHnMOCTb n conocraBnMOCTb. Bonpoc o to m , npnHnMaeT 3KBnBa/ieHTHOCTb c|DopMy cxoflCTBa n/in cjDopMy onno3nunn, 3aBncnT He o t k o jinhecTBa TO>KflecTBeHHbix n/in HeTO>KflecTBeHHbix npn3HaKOB, a HCKJuoHHTejibHO o t Mecra, KOTopoe cooTBeTCTByiomne npn3Haxn 3aHHMaiOT b nepapxnn TeKCTa. MepapxH3aukm, KOTopon noflBepraiOTCfl npn3HaKn, MO>KeT 6biTb BecbMa nepeM eHHon. Ec/in b TeKCTe aKueHTnpyeTCî npn3HaK b k o to p o m 3/ieMeHTbi A v\ B HfleHTHHHbi, t o 3KBnBa/ieHTHOCTb Me>Kfly A v\ B BbiCTynaeT KaK cxoflCTBO. Ha flpyroM ypoBHe nepapxnn MO>KeT 6biTb aKTya/in3npoBaH npn3HaK y. Ec/in 3/ieMeHTbi A n B no npn3Haxy y HenfleHTHHHbi, t o nx BKBHBa/ieHTHOCTb BbiCTynaeT KaK onno3HUkm, He 3aBncnMO o t t o t o , b

CKonbKnx flpyrnx HeaKTya/in3npoBaHHbix npn3HaKax o h h

coBnaflaiOT. npnHunn 3KBHBa/ieHTHOcrn b b o a h t b TeKCT Heo6o3pnMoe MHO>KecTBO Koppe/iflunn. 3/ieMeHT A MO>KeT no OTHOiueHnio k npn3HaKy x 6biTb 3KBnBa/ieHTHbiM 3/ieMeHTy B, a no OTHOiiieHHK) k npn3Haxy y - 3/ieMeHTy C. 3Ta MHO>KeCTBeHHa51 COOTHOCnMOCTb 3/ieMeHTOB 06pa3yeT ocHOBy fl/ia c/io>khoh CTpyKTypbl TeKCTa, opraHn30BaHHoro no npnHunny 3KBHBa.neHTHOCTH [llaHHeHKO 2 0 0 8 ] .

OopMa/ibHaî 3KBHBa/ieHTHOCTb nMeeT npoeKunio Ha TeMaTnHecKHH n/iaH. B. LUmha npefl/iaraeT Tnno/iornio COOTHeCeHMfl C[}OpMa/lbHblX 3KBHBa/ieHTHblX 3/ieMeHTOB B

TeM aTM HecKO M rm a H e [LUmma 1998, c. 2 3 9 -2 4 0 ]: 1) a / ie M e H T b i, 3 K B M B a /ie H T H b ie b c [}o p M a jib H O M rm a H e ,

OXa3blBaX)TCfl 3KBMBa/ieHTHblMM B lU ia H e TeMaTMKM: a)cjDopMa/ibHa^ 3KBMBa/ieHTHOCTb noflHepxMBaeT y>xe Bbipa>xeHHyK) TeMaTnnecxyx) 3XBHBa/ieHTHOCTb, 6 ) CjDOpMa/lbHa^ 3KBMBa/ieHTHOCTb BblflBJlfleT CKpblTyK) Te M aTM H eCKy K) 3XBHBa/ieHTHOCTb, B ) C|DOpMaJlbHa51 3KBMBa/ieHTHOCTb co3flaeT em e He cymecTByiomyK) TeM aTnnecxyx) axBHBa/ieHTHOCTb; 2 ) 3/ieM eHTbi, 3KBMBa/ieHTHbie b c|)opMajibHOM n/iaHe, b TeMaTkinecxoM OTHOLU eH M M 51 BJ151 X)TC51 CM e>K H bl M M ; 3 ) C|)OpMaJlbHO 3KBMBa/ieHTHbie aueMeHTbi b rmaHe TeMaTkinecxoM He OXa3blBaX)TCfl Hkl 3KBklBa/ieHTHblMkl, Hkl CMe>KHblMkl. B 3TOM c/iynae Taxaa Hecoki3MepkiMOCTb MO>xeT 6biTb 3HaHHMOki b

flpyroM OTHOLueHkiki. flaHHyx) Tnno/iornx) b o 3 m o > k h o

npmio>KkiTb He TO/ibKO k TeMaTkinecxoMy ypoBHX) TexcTa, ho

ki x Jix)6oMy flpyroMy. npn 3tom o ^ h h ki Te >xe cjDopMa/ibHO axBkiBa/ieHTHbie 3/ieMeHTbi MoryT BbiCTynaTb b pa3Hbix kinocTacax axBHBajieHTHOCTH Ha pa3Hbix ypoBHax opraHki3aukiki TexcTa ki nepe3 o6lumm cjDopMa/ibHbiki 3/ieMeHT 3Tki ypoBHki Tax>xe BCTynax)T b axBkiBa/ieHTHbie OTHOweHkm. TaxkiM o6pa30M , flaHHaa ocb napaflkim aTHHecxH x OTHOiueHkiki npoHki3biBaeT bcx) CTpyxTypy TexcTa xax ue/ioro kl flBJlfleTCfl OCHOBaHkieM COOTHeCeHHfl pa3JlklHHblXcraTkiHecxkix onncaHnn ki HeoOxoflHMbiM yc/iOBkieM flencTBkm MexaHki3Ma cooTHOiueHkm.

noBTopsix)U4necfl 3/ieMeHTbi TpaflkiukiOHHO npkiB Jiexaxrr

x ce6 e BHkiMaHkie nca ie flO B aT e/iek i TexcTa, kiMeHHO Ha h h x

ocHOBaHO T a x o e H e o rb e M /ie M o e c b o h c t b o T e x c T a , x a x

CBA3HOCTb. O flH a x o CBefleHkie Been xoH C Tpyxukik i TexcTa

T o /ib x o x noB TopaM 6 b m o 6bi He BepHO. CaMki noB T opb i

ABJlflKDTCfl TeXCTOaXTklBHblMkl TOJlbXO nOTOMy, HTO ecTb

o n p e fle / ie H H b ie H a pyw eH km noBTopaeM OCTki, ki o6paTH O .

T o /ib K O y n e T o 6 e n x T e H A e H u n n no 3B O /i5 ieT p a c x p b iT b cyT b

TexcTO B on x o H C T p y x u n n .

CyTb cnHTarMaTMMecxoro npnHunna xoHcrpyxTnBHon opraHM3aunn TexcTa co c to m t b MeTacjDope, noHUMaeMon xax coeflnHei-me 3/ieMeHTOB, He coeAHHaeMbix BHe AaHHon xoHCTpyxunn TexcTa. Ha cnHTamaTnHecxon ocn AencTByxrr ABe ynopÂOMeHHOCTn. OAHa cooTBeTCTByeT o6iAefl3bixoBbiM npaBn/iaM coeAHHeHna 3/ieMeHTOB, rAe nocTOAHHO AencTByeT tc h a g h 141/151 x yMeHbiueHnx) 3anpeTOB. MapxnpoBaHHbiM AB/iaeTCfl xax pa3 3/ieMeHT CO CHflTbIM o6iAe5i3bixoBbiM 3anpeTOM. B/iaroAapa HexoTopoMy xo/inMecTBy CHATbix 3anpeTOB B03HnxaeT HOBaa TexcTOBaa CTpyxTypa, b xoTopon o6pa3yeTca c b o a TexcTOBaa ynopHAOHeHHOCTb. 06iAefl3bixoBbie 3/ieMeHTbi craHOBflTca 3HaMHMbiMn a/ia TexcTa, ec/in b nx yncrrpe6/ieHnn m o >x h o

o6Hapy>xnTb onpeA e/ieH H yx) npeAHaMepeHHOCTb: HapyweHnfl h o p m npaBn/ibHOCTn, OAHopoAHOCTn TexcTOBbix 3/ieMeHTOB.

B3anMO/jencTBne 3Tnx AByx ynopaAOHeHHOcren He flBJiaeTCfl CTaTnnecxnM, a npeAcraBJiaeT co6on noABn>xHoe AnHaMnMecxoe o6pa30BaHne, xax BHyTpn OAHoro TexcTa, Tax n no OTHOi i i eHHX) x x o p n y c y t e x c t o b p a 3 H b i x cjDyHxunoHa/ibHbix >xaHpoB. noABn>xHOCTb yxa3aHHbix ynopÂoneHHOCTen b xyAO>xecTBeHHOM TexcTe HaMHoro Bbiiue, MeM b TexcTe HayMHOM, b aguobom >xe OHa BooOme crpeMnTca x Hy/ix): «B xyAO>xecTBeHHOM TexcTe c/iOBa BbiCTynax)T (HapHAy c o6iAefl3bixoBbiM cbohm 3HaMeHneM) xax MecTonMeHna - 3Haxn Rnn o6o3HaHeHnfl em e He Bbi ac H eH H or o c o A e p > x a H n 5i. C o Ae p > x a H n e >xe 3 t o

xoHcrpynpyeTCfl n3 nx CBA3en. Ec/in b hexyAO>xecTBehhom

TexcTe ceMaHTnxa eAnHnu AMXTyeT xapaxTep CBA3en, t o b

xyAO>xecTBeHHOM - xapaxTep CBA3en AHKTyeT ceMaHTnxy eAHHnu» [JloTMaH 2 0 0 0 b , c . 2 0 1 ] . TaxnM o6 p a 3 0 M ,

M e T a c jD o p y m o w h o o n p e a e / in T b KaK H a n p a w e H i/ ie ,

B 0 3 H M K a io m e e b C T p y K T y p e T e K C T a 6 / i a r o f l a p a

B33M M OfleM CTBI/IK) KOHCTpyKTMBHOTO CTpOfl A 3b lK a (B

LUI/ipOKOM CMblC/ie) C KOHCTpyKUI/ieM TeKCTa.

C oe fll/m eH I/ie nOBTOpfllOLHMXCfl I/I HenOBTOp5IIOLJ4l/IXC5l

3/ieMeHTOB CTpOI/ITCfl Ha OCHOBaHMM pa3/lMHHblX 3aKOHOB.

Ecjii/i npoBecTi/i a H a /io rm o c c i/iHTaKCi/inecKi/imi/i cb5\35\mia b

c / i OBOCOHeTa hi/i i/i, t o m o w h o c o n o c T a B i/iT b c o e fli/m e H i/ie

o flM H aK O B b ix 3 /ieM eH TO B c npk iM b iK aH kieM (H a n p n M e p ,

h a C T y h ik i / i ) n / in n p i/ ic o e f l i /m e H i/ ie M , a c o e f l i /m e H i/ ie

H e p a B H o n p a B H b ix 3 /ie M e H T O B c c o r / ia c o B a H i/ ie M n / in

ynpaB /ieH k ieM [JlOTMaH 2 0 0 0 b , c. 1 9 5 ] . npn 3 to m cbsi3i/i

M e w f l y o f lH o p o / i H b i m i/i 3 / i e M e H T a m m c o 3 f la iO T

noBTopsHom yiocfl CTpyKTypy npi/iHui/ini/ia/ibHO 6e3i~paHi/iHHoro

x a p a K T e p a , a cbsi3i/i M e w ^ y pa3H opo flH b iM i/i 3/ieM eHTaM i/i

C03flai0T CTpyKTypy KOHenHoro Tuna.

1 /lTaK , K O H C TpyK T l/IB H a51 0 p l~a H 1/13a U 1/1 T eK C T a

6a3i/ipyeTca Ha TaKOM tc kc to bo m c bo m ctbc , KaK H/ieHi/iMOCTb,

o O e c n e n i/ iB a e T C s i f lB yM s i TeK C TO B bim i/i n p i/ i3 H a K a M n -

CBfl3HOCTbKD I/I Ue/lOCTHOCTbKD - I/I CTpOMTCfl COr/iaCHO flByM

npMHUkinaM - napafli/im aTi/m ecKO M y i/i ci/iHTarMaTnnecKOMy.

3.3. CeMaHTimecKafi opraHH3ai4HflT e K C T a

J 1 k d 6 o m T e K C T , k p o m e t o t o , h t o 0 6 / i a f l a e T

o n p e f l e / i e H H o n c jDopMOM, B b i p a w a e T i/i H e K O T o p o e

c o f le p w a H k ie , c m n c / i . f l / i a o 6 o 3 H a n e H i/m i/m c|)opM ai4 i/ii/i,

co fle pw am e ncs i b TeKCTe, i/icno/ib3yiOT b ochobhom TepMMHbi

« c o fle p > K a H i/ie » i/i « CMb i c / i » . I/I.P . r a / ib n e p i /m o t h o c m t

MHC|DOpMaTMBHOCTb K OflHMM M3 OCHOBHbIX npi/l3HaKOB TeKCTa,

n p n 3 t o m c n e i _ i M a / i b H O n o f l n e p K M B a e T , h t o

MHC|DOpMaTMBHOCTb CBOMCTBeHHa MMeHHO TeKCTy M TO/lbKO

TexcTy, a He Hacrn TexcTa, He eanHnue TexcTa. Oh Bbifle /i5 ieT flBa Tuna nHcjDopMaunn b TexcTe -

C0 flep>xaTe /ibH 0 -ctDaKTya/ibHyK) nHcjDopMaunK) n C0flep>xaTenbH0 -K0 Hi4enTya/ibHyK) nHcjDopMaunK). «Coflep>xaTenbHO-ct}axTya/ibHa5i nHcjDopMaunfl npeflcraB/ifleT co6on coo6 iueHHfl o cjDaxTax, co6biTn^x, npoueccax, n p o n c x o flf liu n x , nponcxo flnB iu nx, KOTopbie 6y<qyT nponcxoflnTb b oxpy>xaK)LueM Hac Mnpe, flencTBnTe/ibHOM n/in BOo6pa>xaeMOM» [Ta/ibnepnH 1981, c. 27]. nofl cjDaxTOM noHnMax)TC5i CBefleHna o rnnoTe3ax, BbiflBnraeMbix yneHbiMn, nx B3r/iHqax, Bcaxne conocraB/ieHna cjDaxTOB, nx xapaxTepncTnxn, pa3Horo poâ n p e flno /io w e H n a , B03M0>KHbie peweHnfl nocraB/ieHHbix BonpocoB n np. C o fle p > xa T e jib H O -c |}a K T ya jib H a fl nH cjD opM aunfl 3KcnnnunpyeTC5i b Texcre, t . e. nMeeT 3HaxoBoe Bbipa>xeHne (He o6fl3aTe/ibHO Bep6a/ibHoe, Be^b TexcT AB/iaeTCfl r e t e p o r e h h bi m o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n e M ) . «Coflep>xaTenbHO-KOHi4enTya/ibHa5i nHcjDopMaun coo6iuaeT HnTaTe/iK) nHflnBnflya/ibHO-aBTopcxoe noHnMaHne OTHOiueHnn Mew^y AB/ieHnaMn, onncaHHbiMn cpeflCTBaMn COM, noHHMaHne nx npnHnHHO-cneflCTBeHHbix CBA3en, nx 3HannMOCTn b couna/ibHon, axoHOMnHecxon, no/wTnHecxon, xy/ibTypHon >xn3Hn Hapoâ, Bx/ix)Ha5i OTHOLueHna Me>xfly O Tfle /i bH bi m n n H fln B n flyyM a m n , nx c /io>K H oro n cn x o /io rn H e c x o ro n 3CTeTnxo-no3HaBaTenbHoro B3anMOflencTBnfl» [Ta/ibnepnH 1981, c. 28]. 3 to t Bnfl nHcjDopMaunn M3B/ieKaeTcn n3 Bcero TexcTa n npeflcraB/ifleT co6on nHTepnpeTaunx), nepeocMbic/ieHne cjDaxTOB, co6brrnn, npoueccoB. CoflepwaTe/ibHO-KOHuenTya/ibHafl nHcjDopMaun npeflCTaB/ieHa b Texcre nMn/inunTHO, OHa AB/iaeTCfl pe3y/ibTaTOM BbiBefleHna n3 TexcTa.

M.P. Ta/ibnepnH Ha3biBaeT eiue o^nH Bnfl nHcjDopMaunn b T e x c re - coflep>xaTe/ibHO -noflTeKCTO ByK) nHctDopMaunx),

xotm npeflcraB/iMeTCM, m to 3 to He oco6bin OTAe/ibHbin bi/ia

TeKCTOBOM MHCjDOpMaUMM, a pea/lM3ai4MM B3aMMOOTHOLUeHMMAByx nepBbix bi/iaob i/iHc|DopMai4i/ii/i. 06 3 tom roBopi/rr i/i caM H P . ra/ibnepi/m: «noATexcr - 3 to CBoero poAa "Ana/ior" M e > x fly c o a e p >x a t e n b h o -dp a xT y a n b h o m i/i

C0Aep>xaTeubH0-x0Hi4enTya/ibH0M cropoHaMi/i i/iHc|x)pMai4i/ii/i» [Ta/ibnepMH 1981, c. 48 ]. 1/1 xax Hexoe o t h o lu eH ne C0Aep>xaTejibH0-n0ATexcT0BaM i/mc|)opMai4i/m npncyma /ix)6oMy TexcTy (xo tm H P . ra/ibnepi/iH cni/iTaeT, m to Taxaa MHC[}0pMai4MM MO>XeT 6blTb TO/lbXO B XyAO>XeCTBeHHblX TexcTax), h o CTeneHb n p o m B/ieH i/im 3 to i~ o npi/i3Haxa, 6e3yc/iOBHO, yMeHbiuaeTCM no luxane ABi/i>xeHi/m o t TexcTOB xyAO>xecTBeHHbix x TexcTaM Ae/ioBbiM. OTHOiueHi/iM Mex<Ay 3TI/IMI/I AByMM B]Af\3M]A MHC[}0pMai4MM 3aBI/ICMT OT CTeneHI/l npoMB/ieHMM MHAMBMAya/ibHOCTM b TexcTe.

TaxMM o6pa30M, i/icaieAOBaTe/in, pa3B0Afl c m n c /i i/i

coAep>xaHMe, noHHMax)T noA coAepwaHneM nHc[)opMaunx) o cjDaxTax, CMTyauMMx, npeACTaB/ieHHbix b Texcre, a noA CMbic/iOM cyBtexTMBHbm c n o c o 6 npeACTaB/ieHi/iM C0Aep>xaTe/ibH0M i/mc|)opMai4i/ii/i (noApo6Hee cm . o63op B3r/iMA0B Ha C0Aep>xaHne i/i cm n c /i TexcTa b Ba6eHxo Jl.T, BacM/ibeB I/I.E., Ka3api/m fO.B. Jli/mrBi/iCTi/iMecxi/m aHa/in3 xyAO>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa. ExaTepi/iH6ypr, 2000).

CeMaHTimecKoe npocrpaHCTBO TeKCTa. flBa Tuna MHc|DopMai4MM co a e p >x a Te n b h o - dp a XTy a n b h a m i/i

C0Aep>xaTenbH0-x0HuenTya/ibHaM - cooTBeTCTByxrr AByM BepnimHam 3Haxa - ACHOTaTy (n/iaHy Bbipa>xeHi/iM) i/i

ci/irHi/ic[}i/ixaTy (n/iaHy coAep>xaHi/m). CaMa CTpyxTypa 3Haxa noApa3yMeBaeT, m to TexcT nepeAaeT i/ihc[dopma 14i/iio 0 HexoTopbix c[}parMeHTax ACMCTBi/iTe/ibHOCTi/i, ci/iTyaui/iMx, co 6biTi/ii/i (AeHOTaT), t . e. j i io 6 o m TexcT nepeAaeT onpeAeneHHbiki o6pa3 Mi/ipa. OAHOBpeMeHHO TexcT MB/iaeTCM nopo>xAeHneM aBTopa, t . e. He npocTO coAep>xi/iT o6pa3

Mkipa, a o6pa3 Mkipa Taxon, xaxoki o h npeACTaB/meTCfl roBopsimeMy.

TeKCT

AeticTBmejibHOCTb cyGteKTMBHoe npeflCTaBnem-ie o AeMCTBmenbHOCTM

CeMBHTMHeCKOe npOCTpBHCTBO

P m c . 3. 2 . C T p y K T y p a c e M a h t i i Me c K o r o npocTpaHCTsa TexcTa

fl/ia o6o3HaneHkm coAep>xaTe/ibHOki c to p o h n TexcTa xax 3Haxa CTa/i ncno/ib30BaTbC5i TepMkiH «ceMaHTHHecxoe npocTpaHCTBO» [Ba6eHKO 2000; KaTeropn3aukm Mkipa... 1997; JlyxnH 1999; JlyxnH 2005 h AP-]- 3 to ceMaHTHnecxoe npocTpaHCTBO BCTynaeT bo B3anMOAencTBne c Bep6a/ibHbiM MaTepkia/ibHbiM npocTpaHCTBOM TexcTa (npocTpaHCTBOM rpacjDkiHecKki Bbipa>xeHHbix 3HaxoB). B 3 to m CMbic/ie ceMaHTkiHecxoe npocTpaHCTBO o6/iaAaeT xapaKTepncTHKon MeHTa/ibHOCTki, o h o 3aAaeTC5i npki nopo>KAeHkiki TexcTa ki pea/iki3yeTC5i MexaHH3MOM 3aMbic/ia, aKTya/in3npy5icb b

npouecce ocMbic/ieHkm ki noHHMaHkm TexcTa: «BnpTya/ibHoe npocTpaHCTBO 3aAaeTC5i o t6 o p o m coAep>xaTe/ibHbix eAkiHkiu b npouecce nopo>KAeHkm TexcTa ki pea/in3yeTC5i MexaHki3MOM 3aMbicna. AxTya/ibHoe ceMaHTkiHecxoe npocTpaHCTBO - 3 to

none, i~Ae c|)opMnpyeTC5i pe3y/ibTaT ocMbic/ieHkm ki noHkiMaHki9\ TexcTa b ue/iOM» [KaTeropn3aukm Mkipa... 1997, c. 36].

BnepBbie noHf lTna npocTpaHCTBa n TeKCTa conparaKDTCfl n ncaieflyK)TCfl b pa6oiax M.M. BaxTi/ma. npocTpaHCTBO TeKCTa noHHMaeTcn M.M. BaxTnHbiM KaK o6o6iueHHoe OTpa>KeHne pea/ibHoro, n3o6pa>KaeMoro, onncbmaeMoro b TeKCTe npocrpaHCTBa, KOTopoe no/iym/mo Ha3BaHne xpoHOTona. M.M. BaxTHH 3aHHMaeTcn npo6/ieMon npocTpaHCTBa, n3o6pa>KeHHoro b TeKCTe n o6o3HaHaeMoro TeKCTOM. Bonpoc >Ke o TeKCTe KaK oco6bm o6pa30M opraHH30BaHHOM npocTpaHCTBe He 6bm b none 3peHi/m yHeHoro. Ha npocTpaHCTBe, n3o6pa>KeHHOM b TeKCTe, a He Ha npocTpaHCTBe, o6pa3yeMOM tc k c to m cocpeflOTOHeHO n BHUMaHne B.A. YcneHCKoro [YcneHCKi/m 1995], KOTopbin noHkiMaeT npocTpaHCTBO TeKCTa KaK pe3y/ ibTaT B3anMOflencTBi/m pa3/inHHbix tohck 3peHi/m - aBTopa, nepcoHa>Ka, nonynaTenn - KOTopbie MoryT pacxoflHTbcn n/in coBnaâTb b npocTpah c tb c h h o m h jih hhom OTHOineHnn.

KD.M. JlOTMaH npeflCTaBnneT b c b o u x pa6oTax KaK aHa/in3 npocTpaHCTBa, coflepwaiuerocn b TeKCTe, TaK n npocTpaHCTBa, KOTopoe TeKCT co6on npeflCTaB/ineT n b

k o to p o m c[}yHKi4noHnpyeT. CooTHomeHne npocTpaHCTBa, npeflcraB/ieHHoro b TeKCTe, n npocTpaHCTBa pea/ibHoro Mnpa He nB/ineTcn 0flH03HaHHbiM, KpoMe Hero cymecTByiOT n flpyrne BHflbi npocrpaHCTB, pea/in30BaHHbix b TeKCTe: «Ec/in npn Bbifle/ieHnn KaKoro-/in6o onpefle/ieHHoro npn3HaKa o6pa3yeTcn m h o k c c tb o HenpepbiBHO npnMbiKaKDiunx flpyr k

flpyry 3/ieMeHTOB, t o Mbi MO>KeM roBopnTb 06 a6crpaKTHOM npocTpaHCTBe no 3TOMy npn3HaKy. TaK, mo>kho roBopnTb 06 3THHecKOM, uBeTOBOM, Mnc|DO/iornHecKOM n f lpyrnx n pocTpa h c t Bax. B 3 to m CMbic/ie n pocTpa h c t b c h Hoe MOflennpoBaHne fle/iaeTcn n3biKOM, Ha k o to p o m MoryT Bbipa>xaTbcn HenocpeflCTBeHHbie npeflcraBJieHkm» [JlOTMaH 2000a, c. 276]. Taxoe noHkiMaHne npocTpaHCTBa npn/io>KHMO k TeKCTy. flpocTpah c tb o TeKCTa, no m hchuk) fO.M. JloTMaHa,

ecTb nHflHBHflya/ibHafl cyetexTHBHaa MOfle/ib Mnpa b ero npocTpaHCTBeHHOM npeflCTaB/ieHnn, pea/in30BaHHafl b

TexcTe. npocTpah c t b o TexcTa xax HHflHBHflyajibHaa cyetexTkiBHa^ MOê/ib Mnpa o6yc/iOB/ieHa ceMnoTnnecxnM n pocTpah c tb o m , npncymnM flaHHon xy/ibType. npocrpaHCTBO TexcTa xax npocTpaHCTBO 3HaxoBoe b x o ^ h t b 6o/iee o6mnpHoe npocrpaHCTBO xy/ibTypbi, xoTopoe no/iynn/io y fO.M. JloTMaHa Ha3BaHne ceMnoccjDepbi, 51 B/i5iKDLuekic i pe3y/ ibTaTOM n yc/ iOBneM pa3BHTna xy/ ibTypbi . npocTpaHCTBy TexcTa npncymn Te >xe nepTbi, h t o n ceMnocc|)epe, t . e . ceMnoTHHecxaa pa3HopoflHOCTb, nepapxnnecxaa opraHn30BaHHOCTb (Ha/innne ueHTpa n nepnc|)epnn).

CeMaHTnnecxoe npocTpaHCTBO TexcTa o6yc/iOB/ieHO 3ano/ii-mx)LnnMn ero TexcTOBbiMn 3HaxaMn. HeoflHopoflHOCTb ceMaHTnnecxoro npocTpaHCTBa TexcTa C03flaeTCfl 3a cneT HepaBH03HaHH0CTn ero 3HaxoB, B3anMOCB5i3aHHbix n B3anMOflencTByx)Lnnx Me>xfly co6on.

f le H O T a T k iB H a ji c r p y K T y p a T e K C T a . T e xcT Bcenqa

c t p o h t c a x a x n M e x ) in n n H e x o T o p b in B H e iu H n n M n p , c

x o T o p b iM o h c o o t h o c h t c a , 6 y f lb t o p e a / ib H b in n / in

B b iM b im /ie H H b in M n p , o a h o A B / ie H n e , c o 6 b iT n e n / in

3 H a n n T e u b H b in c jD pam eH T flen cT B H T e /ib H O C T n . n p o u e c c

cooTH eceH na n pe3y /ibT aT 3 T o ro cooTH eceH na A 3 b ixo B o ro

Bbipa>xeHn5i n flencTBHTe/ibHO crn Ha3biBaeTca pecjDepeHunen.

B flaHHOM c /iy n a e He npnH unnna/ibH O pa3/inHaTb pea/ibH b in

n B b iM bim /ieH H bie pec|)epeH Tbi, x o ta , 6e3yc/iO BH O , xpoM e

TO>xflecTBa M e>xfly s th m h flB yM fl M npaM n cy in e cT B yx )T n

o n p e fle /ie H H b ie pa 3 /inH H fl: « . . .pe a /ib H b in Mnp cym ecTB yeT,

BOo6me ro B o p a , He3aBncnMO o t TexcTa, a BbiM biw /ieH Hbin

Mnp TexcTa nopo>xflaeTCfl TexcTOM. 1/lHane mo>xho cxa3aTb

T ax : b pa3roBopH O M f ln c x y p c e ro B o p f liu n n npnH afl/ie>xH T

M npy, b x o to p o m oh ocym ecTB /ifleT pecjDepeHunx); a aBTop

xyflowecTBeHHoro TeKcra, BOo6me roBopa, HeT» [naflyneBa 1996]. npn onncaHnn ceMaHTMMecKoro npocTpaHCTBa TeKCTa cymecTBeHHO jinujb flBonHaa nHTepnpeTaunsi: co ctopohn aBTopa - fleMCTBMTe/lbHOCTM, MMeK)U4eM MeCTO 6blTb flO TeKCTa, M CO CTOpOHbl HMTaTe/lfl - fleMCTBMTe/lbHOCTM,BOCCTaHOB/ieHHOM b npouecce MTeHn9\ TeKCTa n no ero npOMTeHMKD.

HeKOTopbie ncc/ieflOBaTe/in cnnTaiOT, mto 06/iacrb ceMaHTMKn TeKCTa cocraB/ifleT hmchho fleHOTaTnBHbin ypoBeHb ero opraHH3aunn [Hobhkob 1982; 1983].

TepMnHO/iorna fl/ia o6o3HaMeHna fleHOTaTMBHon ceMaHTMKn TeKCTa 3an MCTBOBaHa n3 ceMaHTMMecKoro cnHTaKcnca. EflnHnuen 3Ton CTpyKTypbi c/iywnT cnTyauna, TaK KaK TeKCT BK/iK)MaeT b ce6a MHO>KecTBO cnTyaunn nepapxnnecKn opraHH30BaHHbix. fl3biKOBbiM BbipaweHneM cn T ya u n n AB/iaeTCfl n p o n o 3 n u n fl. n p o n o 3 n u n n opraHH3yK)TC5i b MaKponpono3nunn, penpe3eHTnpyK)inne MaKpocnTyaunn. MaKponpono3nunfl flB/iaeTCfl npono3nunen, BbifleneHHon n3 p^fla npono3nunn Ha ocHOBaHnn onepaunn MHflyKUMM, BOCXO>KfleHM51 OT KOHKpeTHOrO k a6cTpaKTHOMy. n o f lo 6Hoe BbifleneHkie n poncxo^nT b pe3y/ibTaTe npMMeHeHMn MaKponpaBn/i - «npaBM/i ceMaHTMMecKoro 0T06pa>KeHM51», - KOTOpbie «yCTaHaBJll/IBaK)T CBfl3b OflHOM nocneflOBaTenbHOCTM npono3nunn c noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHOCTflMn npono3nunn 6o/iee Bbicoxoro ypoBHfl n t3kmm o6pa30M BbiBOflflT r / io 6a/ibHoe 3HaMeHne 3nn30fla n/in Bcero AMCKypca (= TeKCTa. - H.fl.) v\3 /lOKa/ibHbix 3HaneHnn, t. e. 3HaMeHMM npefl/ioweHnn flncKypca» [BaH flenk 1989, c. 42]. 06mafl CMTyauMn fl/ia Bcero TeKCTa - r/io6a/ibHafl cnTyaunsi - o6o3HaMeHa, KaK npaBn/io, b Ha3BaHnn, /in6o 3aflaeTca >KaHpOBOM npMHafl/ie^HOCTbKD TeKCTa.

MaxponpaBn/ia c|DaKTHHecKn npeACTaB/iflxrr n3 ce6a npaBn/ia peAyxunn, no3BO/i5iK)LAne onycxaTb n 3aMei-mTb n o c /ie A O B a T e /ib H O C T b n p o n o 3 n u n n o a h o m

MaKponpono3nunen, k h u m o th o c 5 i t c 5 i : 1) npaBn/io onymeHkm - onycxaKDTCfl Te npono3nunn, KOTopbie He c/iy>xaT yc/iOBnaM nHTepnpeTaunn; 2) npaBn/io o6o6iAeHH5i - noc/ieAOBaie/ibHOCTb npono3nunn 3aMeH5ieTC5i Ha npono3nunK), BbiBOAHMyx) H3 xa>KAon npono3nunn 3Ton noc/ieAOBaie/ibHOCTn; 3) npaB n/io nocTpoeHna - noc/ieAOBaie/ibHOCTb npono3nunn 3aMeH5ieTC5i Ha npono3nunK), BbiAe/ieHHyx) n3 Bcero penepTyapa npono3nunn, b x o a ^ la u x b 3Ty noc/ieAOBaie/ibHOCTb [BaH flenx 1989, c. 42-43].

MaxpocTpyxTypbi, xax npaBi/mo, HenocpeACTBeHHO Bbipa>xeHbi b Taxnx 3/ieMeHTax TexcTa, xax 3ar/iaBH5ix, b

npeA/io>xeHkmx, Bbipa>xaK)LAnx TeMy, pe3K)Me. CnrHa/iOM Ha/inHH5i MaxpocTpyxTyp b TexcTe MoryT c/iy>xnTb MecTOHMeHH5i, CB513KH, Hapennn, TeMa-peMaTkiHecxoe H/ieHeHne, nopÂOK c / io b n np., j ih 6 o ohm Bbipawaxrrcfl KOCBeHHO nocneAOBaTe/ibHOCTbK) npeA/io>xeHnn [BaH flenx 1989, c. 47].

BaH flenx BbiAe/w/i onpeAe/ieHHbie noKa3aTe/w CMeHbi MaxpocnTyaunn b Texcre [BaH flenx 1989, c. 62-63]: 1) M3MeHeHne B03MO>KHoro Mnpa (5i3biKOBon noxa3aTe/ib - ceMaHTHHecxa5i xaTeropna MOAa/ibHOcrn), 2) n3MeHeHne BpeMeHn n/in nepnoAa (5i3biKOBon noK a3a ie /ib - ceMaHTHHecxa5i xaTeropna TeMnopa/ibHOcrn), 3) n3MeHeHne MecTa (5i3biKOBon noxa3aTe/ib - ceMaHTHHecxa5i xaTeropna /10KaTHBH0CTH), 4) BBOA HOBbIX yHaCTHMKOB n 5) BTOpnHHblM bboa y>xe n3BecTHbix yHacTHnxoB (5i3biKOBon noKa3aie/ib - ceMaHTHHecxa5i xaieropna cy6"beKTHOCTn), 6) n3MeHeHne nepcnexTkiBbi n;in TOHxn 3peHna (5i3biKOBon noxa3aTe/ib - ceMaHTnHecxa5i xaTeropnx)! KOMMyHnxamBHon nepcnexmBbi

BbicK33bi bahi/i5i m ce m a H T M h e cka 9\ KaTerOpM5l nepcoHa/ibHOCTu), 7) pa3/iMHHbiM Ha6op npeflMxaTOB. Ec/im KaKoe-TO npefl/ioweHkie He noflxofli/iT nofl Texymyio MaKponpono3MUMK), t o flo/iwHa 6biTb opraHM30BaHa HOBaa MaKponpono3i/ii4i/m.

M aK ponpono3M U M M f lo / iw H b i 6b iT b CBA3aHbi M e w fly

C0 6 0 M. Mx CBA3M BbipawaiOTC5l np n nOMOLUM BBOflHbIX CTIOB,

cok)3 0b i/i Hapem /m . Cym ecTByiOT m cpeflCTBa MaxpocBSBM

(MaKpoKOHHeKTopbi), k KOTopbiM o th o c5 itc5 i pacno /iow eH H b ie

b H ana/ie n p e fl/ io w e H n s ho, o/jHaKO, H a n p o rm , 6 o n e e ro ro

i/i f l p . , M a p K i/ ip y iO L n i/ ie C M e H y M a x p o c M T y a u M M .

MaKpOKOHHeKTOpbl He TO/lbKO 5IB/151KDTC5I CMma/lOM K CMeHe

M a x p o n p o n o 3 M U M M , h o m n p M fla iO T CBA3HOCTb B e e n

M axpocTpyKType.

npn onkicaHMM MaKpoci/rryaui/m, no MHeHi/iio T.A. BaH f le f ix a , Heo6xoflM M O yHMTbiBaTb KOHTeKCTya/ibHyio MHctDopMaumo, i/i3BJiei<aeMyK) M3 couMOxy/ibTypHOM m

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM CMTyaUMM M 6a3MpyKDLHyiOCfl Ha oOllJMX 3H3HM5IX 0 MMpe y roBopam ero m c/iyiuaKDLnero ( k hmm

OTHOCflTCfl 3H3HV\9\ TMnOB CMTyaLJMM, C|)yHKI4MM M pOJieM yHaCTHMKOB, TMnMHHblX COOblTMSIX M B3aMMOfleMCTBMflX, ue/ieki KOMMyHMKaTMBHOrO B33MMOfleMCTBM51 M flp .) [BaH fleMK 1 9 8 9 , c. 5 0 - 5 8 ] .

flp y ra a nonbiTxa, flocraTOHHO yflaHHaa, onMcaHMfl AeHOTaTMBHOM CTopoHbi TexcTa npeflnpM H ^Ta J l.A . HepH^xoBCKOM [HepHflxoBCxaa 1 9 8 3 ] . OHa pa3pa6oTa/ia MeTOfl aHa/iM3a TexcTa, xoTopbiM c o c to m t b onope Ha ceTKy AeHOTaTOB, BbmBnêMbix npn fleHOTaTMBHOM aHa/iM3e TexcTa M COnOCTaB/ieHMe 3TOM CeTKM C C|DOHOBblM 3H3HMeM, KOTOpoe ecTb y BOcnpMHMMaiomero TexcT. A b to p Bbifle/iM/ia b TexcTe npn BceM MHoroo6pa3MM ero coflepwaHMfl Hexne CTpoeBbie 3 / i e M e H T b i C T p o r o o n p e ^ e / i e H h o t o c o c T a B a ,

B3amMOCB5i3ahhbie m MepapxMHecKM BxoflflujMe apyr b flpyra. HepHflxoBCKasi BbiflBM/ia jpv\ Tuna Ta kmx CTpoeBbix 3/ieMeHTOB: 1) 3/ieMeHTapHbie CMbic/iOBbie eflMHMUbi (3CE), COCTOflLUMe M3 MMeHM npeflMeTa, MHCjDOpMaUMM 0 H3J1MHMM 3Toro npeflMeTa b 3KCTa/iMHrBMCTMHecKOM pea/ibHOCTM (6biTMMCTBeHHbiM r/iaro/i), oueHKM CTeneHM pea/ibHOCTM ero CymeCTBOB3HM51 (cpeflCTBa MOfla/lbHOCTM), BpeMeHHbie M npocTpaHCTBeHHbie xapaKTepMCTMKM npe^MeTa ( B HeKoropoM uapcTBe b crapoflaBHMe BpeMeHa >km/i 6b//i Koponb); 2) yc/io>KHeHHbie CMbic/iOBbie eflMHMUbi (YCE) flByx creneHeM c/io>khoctm: a) YCE nepBOM creneHM c/io>khoctm co c to m t M3 3 CE m xapaKTepMCTMkm npe^MeTa noK a K O M y -n M 6 o CBOMCTBy, KpOMe CBOMCTB3 6blTMMHOCTM

(>KM/i-6bi/i xpadpbw m yMHbw xoponb); 6) YCE btopom CTeneHM c/io>khoctm BK/itonaeT He «no/iHOBecHyK)» 3CE, a cy6TMTp npeflLuecTByKDLneri (Oh 6bm yMen m xpa6p ; xoropbiM 6b//i y/weH m xpadp m ap.); 3) YCE 6o/iee BbicoKoro paHra, KOTopaa B03HMKaeT b pe3y/ibTaTe MepapxMHecKoro Bxo>KfleHM5i oflHOM eflMHMUbi b apyryio; caMOM KpynHOM YCE flBJiaeTCfl ue/ibiM TeKCT [HepHaxoBCKaa 1983, c. 120- 124]. 3aTeM Jl.A. HepHaxoBCKaa paccMaipMBaeT cba3m Me>Kfly 3TMMM eflMHMUaMM, B03HMK3K)U4Me B npOCTpaHCTBe TeKCTa, KOTopbix T3K>Ke 06Hapy>KMBaeTCfl TPM: 1) «BHyTpeHH5151 OflMHapHa9\ CBfl3b», 3aK/lKDHaKDLHaflCfl B npMnMCblB3HMM npeflMeTy onpeae/ieHHoro CBOMCTBa; 2) «BHeiuHflfl rpynnoBaa CBA3b» (cbsbm b33mmhom xapaKTepM33UMM Me>Kfly I\ByM5\ CMblC/lOBbl MM eflMHMI43M M, oOteflMH^KDLl^Me 3TyeflMHMuy b 6o/iee KpynHyio; 3) «30HTMHHaa CBA3b CMblC/lOBOM eflMHMUbl C flpyrMMM, 06Hapy>KMBaK)L14a51C51 B TOM aiynae, Korâ oflHa eflMHMua BCTynaeT bo B33MMOfleMCTBMe c HecKO/ibKMMM apyrMMM [HepHaxoBCKaa 1983, c. 124- 126]. flaHHa9\ MOfle/ib HanpaB/ieHa Ha onncaHMe 6a30Boro ypoBHK CeMaHTMKM TeKCTa, erO fleHOTaTMBHOM CTOpOHbl.

TaxnM o6pa30M, fleHOTaTHBHyx) crpyxTypy TexcTa mo>xho npeflCTaBkiTb xax OTpa>xeHne «Bon/ioiueHHoro b

TexcTe MHflnBnflya/ibHO-aBTopcxoro 3H3hv\5\ o Mnpe, npeflCTaBueHHoro b nHTepnpeTnpoBaHHOM OTo6pa>xeHnn r/io6a/ibHon cnTyaunn, cocrofliuen n3 MaxpocnTyaunn n MnxpocnTyaunn, CB5i3aHHbix onpefle/ieHHbiMn OTHOiueHn^Mn n b coBOxynHOCTn pacxpbiBax)iunx r/iaBHyx) TeMy» TexcTa [Ba6eHxo 2000, c. 114]. fleHOTaTHBHaa CTpyxTypa TexcTa onncbiBaeT coflep>xaTe/ibHbin acnexT ceMaHTnHecxoro npocTpaHCTBa TexcTa. Kax n\o6at\ CTpyxTypa OHa 06/iaflaeT npn3HaxoM nepapxnHHOCTn n pea/in3yeT CTaTnnecxoe onncaHne TexcTa. OflHOBpeMeHHO fleHOTaTHBHaa CTpyxTypa AB/meTca cnTyaTnBHO o6yc/iOB/ieHHon, c o o t h o c h t c a c couna/ibHon n xoMMyHnxaTHBHon cnTyaunen, onnpaacb, c oflHon CTopoHbi, Ha HMex)Lunecfl y aapecaTa o6o6iueHHbie npeflcraB/ieHna o nofloOHoro poâ cnTyaunax, a c flpyron CTopoHbi, MOflnc|Dnunpy5icb nofl B/inflHneM xoHxpeTHbix xoMMyHnxaTnBHbix n TexcTOBbix yc/iOBnn.

K o h u e n T y a /i b h a 51 C T p y K T y p a T e K C T a .

K o H u e n T y a / ib H a 5 i C T p y x T y p a T e x c T a c o o t h o c h t c a c o

cm b ic /iO B b i m acn exT O M c e M a H T n H e c x o ro n p o c T p a HCTBa

T e x c T a . H e c M O T p a Ha t o , h t o c m n c / i n p n 3 H a H

o6iuen3BecTHbiM AB/ieHneM, o flH axo f lo c n x no p b HayHHon

/in T e p a T yp e He Ha6/ix)flaeTC5i e flH H oro B3r/i5 ifla Ha flaHHbin

a c n e x T T e x c T a , B n /iO T b f lo t o t o , h t o H e x o T o p b i e

nccne flO B aT e /in OTxa3biBax)T b B03M0>xH0CTn ncc/ie flO B aTb

CMbicn f lo c T y n H b iM n / ln H rB n c T n n e c x o n H a yxe M eTO âM n

( n o f l p o O H e e c m . A . M . H o b h x o b . C m n c / i : c e M b

flnxoT O M nnecxnx npn3H axoB [H oB nxoB U R L]).

A .M . H o B n x o B B b i f le / in / i c e M b f l n x o T O M n n e c x n x

n p n 3 H a x o B ( o n n o 3 n u n n ) CMbic/ia: 1 ) c m n c / i AB /m eTca

pe3y/ ibTaTOM n o H H M a H n a T excT a - u e / iocTH bin c m n c / i

oxa3biBaeT B/wflHne Ha ocMbic/ieHne OTfle/ibHbix 5i3bixoBbix

eflkiHnu; 2) TOHHOCTb, afleKBaTHOCTb CMbic/ia - TeKynecrb, M3MeHHHBOCTb CMbic/ia; 3) nHBapnaHTHOCTb CMbic/ia - ero cuTyainBHan o6yc/iOB/ieHHOCTb; 4) c m n c /i BbiBOflHTcn H3 TeKCTa - cmbic/i npnnncbiBaeTcn TeKCTy; 5) npouecc CMbicnonopo>KfleHnn npeflcraB/ineT co6on n3B/ieHei-me cm bi c/i o b n3 naMnTn - npouecc CMbic/ionopo>KfleHnn SIB/1 SieTCSI TBOpHeCKMM npOUeCCOM C03flaHIA5\ CMblC/ia; 6)c m n c / i n p n H a f l / i e ^ n T cc jD ep e c o 3 H a H n n - c m n c / i

npnHafl/ie>KnT ccjDepe 6ecco3H aTe/ibH oro ; 7 ) cm n c /i siB/isieTCsi

pe3y/lbTaTOM nOHHMaHHSI - CMblC/1 SIB/lSieTCSI HHCTpyMeHTOM

noHkiMaHkin [H o b h k o b U R L]. M cc/ie flO B aTe/ib b h ^ h t b 3 th x

n p o T k iB o p e H k in x pa 3 /in H H O C T b n o f lx o f lO B k C M b ic /iy n

pa3HoacneKTHOCTb 3T o ro siB/ieHi/m. n o flo O H o e o6"bsiCHeHkm

npoflkiKTOBaHO noflxoflO M k CMbic/iOBon CTopoHe TeKCTa KaK

k CTaTkiHecKOMy o6pa30B aH nio . E c/in >Ke npHHsiTb 3a TOHKy

O TcneTa flkm aM H H ecK y io o p ra H H 3 a u m o K O H u en T ya /ib H o n

c rop oH b i TeKCTa, t o flaHHbie npoTHBopem/m He TO/ibKO MoryT

6blTb oO tnCHeHbl, HO H 5IB/151KDTC5I HenpeMeHHblM yC/lOBkieM

ee cyiuecTBOBaHkin.

K o r f la p e H b 3 a x o f l H T 0 6 o n n c a H n n c m n c / i o b o m

crpyK Typb i TeKCTa, t o cpa3y o 6 Hapy>KHBaeTcn psifl n p o 6 /ieM :

B O -n e p B b ix , 3 t o B b in B / ie H n e 3 /ie M e H T O B c m n c / i o b o m

crpyK Typb i TeKCTa, b o -b to p n x , np nH un nb i op raH H 3aunn 3 th x

3/ieMeHTOB b e fln H o e u e /io e , B -T peTbnx, B3anM O flencTBne

c m b ic /iO B o n n co fle p > K a T e /ib H O M c t o p o h TeKC Ta. ripn o n nca H k in cm n c /io b o m CTpyKTypbl TeKCTa n cc /ie flO B a T e /in ,

COXpaHflfl He0flH03HaHH0CTb nOflXOflOB K flaHHOki TeKCTOBOM

op raH M 3aunn , cxoas itcs i no ps ifly Ba>KHenujnx napaM eTpoB.

B o -n ep B b ix , cm n c /i TeKCTa np nH un nna /ib H O OT/inHaeTcn o t

CMblC/lOBOM CTOpOHbl TeX S13blKOBblX eflHHHU, KOTOpbie CTOS1T

Hn>Ke b nepapxkiHecKOM / ie c m n u e . B o-B Topb ix, CMbic/iOBan

C TpyK Typa TeKCTa HM eeT c/io>K H yio M H o ro y p o B H e B y io n

M H o roa cne K T H y io o p ra H H 3 a u m o . B -T p e T b n x , 3to nMeHHO

crpyKTypa, a He npocroe HarpoMO>KAeHMe c m n c / i o b .

B-MeTBepTbIX, K 3T0M CTpyKType MO>KHO nOAXOAMTb c n03MI4MM CTaTMKM M flMHaMMKM. B-IIMTblX, CMblC/1 TeXCTa BblMB/lMeTCM He M3 COBOXynHOCTM 3XCn/lMI4MpOBaHHblX 3/ieMeHTOB, a m m ii/ im u m tho npMcyTCTByeT b OTHOweHMMx Me>XAy hmmm m Ap. (l/I.P . Ta/ibnepMH [1981], K.A. Ao/imhmh

[2005], M.5T flbiMapcxMM [2001], H .A . KyriMHa[1983], O.l/l.

Mocxa/ibCxaM [1 9 8 1 ], A . H . H o b m x o b [1 9 8 3 ], J l . A. HepHMXOBCxaM [1983] m AP-)-

B xoHuenuMM J l .H . H o 3apmhom CMbic/iOBaM CTpyxTypa TexcTa npeACTaeT xax xoMrmexc iimtm B3aMMOAeMCTByx)LAMx «TexcTOBbix ceTox», xax<AaM m3 x o t o p n x pea/iM3yeT 0yHxuMOHa/ibHO-ceMaHTMHecxyK) xaTeropMX) b xoHxpeTHOM TexcTe M MBJIMeTCM OTpa>XeHMeM XOHXpeTHOM xaieropMa/ibHOM CMTyauMM [Ho3ApnHa 1997; 2006]. 3 t o

c/ieAyKDLAMe c|}yHxi4MOHajibHO-ceMaHTMHecxMe xaTeropMM - xaieropMM TeMnopa/ibHOCTM, zioxa/ibHOCTM, nepcoHa/ibHOCTM, pecjDepeHTHOCTM, M OAa/l bHOCTM . 3TM MaCTHbie c[}yHxi4MOHa/ibHbie M3bixoBbie xaTeropMM c/iy>xaT Bbipa>xeHMeM r/iy6MHHbix xaTeropMM TexcTa: 1) xaTeropMM xpoHOTona, B03Hm xa X) la eft xax B3aMMOAeftcTBMe zioxa/ibHOCTM m TeMnopa/ibHOCTM; 2) xaTeropMM xoopAMHaT, B03HMXaX)LAeM xax pe3y/lbTaT B3aMMOAeftCTBMM JlOXa/lbHOM, nepcoHa/ibHOM m TeMnopa/ibHoft xaTeropMM; 3 ) xaTeropMM AGMXCMCa, MB/lMK)LAeMCM pe3y/lbTaTOM B3aMMOAeMCTBMM TeMnopa/ibHOM, zioxa/ibHoft, nepcoHa/ibHoft m pecjDepeHTHOM; 4 ) xaTeropMM to m x m 3peHMM, npeACTaBJiMX)LAeft co6oft pe3y/lbTaT B3aMMOAeftCTBMM Bcex nMTM C[}yHXI4MOHa/lbHblX xaTeropMM - TeMnopa/ibHoft, zioxa/ibHoft, nepcoHa/ibHoft, pec|DepeHTHOM m MOAa/ibHoft.

B3aMMOAeMCTBMe 3 t m x r / i y 6 MHHbix xaTeropM M J l .H .

Ho3APMHa npeACTaB/iMeT b b m a g MeTbipex nepecexax)LAMxcM

xoHueHTpMMecxMx xp y ro B , xax<AaM M3 xaTeropMM 0 6 /iaA aeT

C B o e n c n c T e M o n B b i p a w e H n a . n p n H u n n n a / i b H b i m

A O C t o u h c t b o m n o f l o 6 H o r o o n n c a H n n C M b i c / i O B o n

opraH M 3aunn TeKCTa AB/iaeTCfl ee He/inHenHOCTb, KOTopaa

n 0 3 B 0 / 1 5 i e T l/l/HTl/l OT 51 3 bl KOBOM T K 3 H H T e K C T a H

o f l H O B p e M e H H O n p e f l C T a B H T b M H o r o o 6 p a 3 n e CBA3 en

cerMeHTOB TeKCTa n n x pa3/inHHyK) cooTHeceHHOcrb a p y r c f lp y ro M . B b iflB n ra e M o e n p e f lc ra B / ie H n e o CM bic/ie TeKCTa

o 6 H a p y > K n B a e T n e p a p x n M e c x y K ) o p r a H n 3 a u n K ) e r o

K O H u en T ya /ibH o n c rp y K T y p b i, n p n 3 to m He c b o a h t ee k

>KecTKon n e p a p x n n cm n c /io b , flaB aa B03M0>KH0CTb Ka>KflOMy

CMbic/iOBOMy KOMnoHeHTy BCTynaTb c f lp y rn M n b OTHOLueHna

B3anMonoflMnHeHn5i.

H eflocTaTKO M fla H H o ro n p e flc ra B J ie H n a CM bic/iO Bon

o p r a H n 3 a u n n A B /ia e T C fl O TcyTC TB ne c a M o r o n o H f l T n a

3 /ie M e H T a p H o n e ^ n H n u b i C M bic/iO Bon c rp y K T y p b i TeKCTa

[ f lb m a p c K n n 2001, c. 65] n H ecoo T H ece H H O C T b ee c npeflM eTH O -c|D aK TnM ecK on, c o a e p w a T e / ib H o n C T op oH o n

TeKCTa. B npeflCTaB/ieHHOM B 3 r/ ia f le Ha KO HuenTya/ibHyK)

C T p y K T y p y T e K C T a f l n H a M n K a ee n p o f l B / i a e T C f l b o

B3anMOflencTBHH K a T e ro p n n , ho 3 to CKopee craTH H ecK nn

a cn e K T o n n c a H n n , TaK KaK 3 f le c b OTcyTCTByeT B T o p a a

CTpyKTypa, B 3anM O flencTB ne c KO Topon n o 6 ecn eM nB ae T

MOMeHT KOMMyHnKaTnBHoro HanpsweHna.

M.fl. f lb iM a p cK n n CBA3biBaeT CMbic/iOBoe co a e p w a H n e

TeKCTa c n o H flT n e M « K O H i4 e n u n fl» , n o flo 6 H O TOMy, KaK

CMbicnoByK) CTopoHy npeflJ io>KeHnfl bo Bcex rpaM M aTnK ax

TpaflnunoH H O CBA3biBaK)T c noHsrrneM M bic/ib: «TeKCT, KaK

oco6aa peHeM bic/inTe/ibHaa c|DopMa, no3BOJiaeT npea craB n T b

H eK O TopyK ) K a p T n H y M n p a (c jD p a m e H T M n p a ) b B n ^ e

pa3BepH yTon cncTeMbi n p e flc ra B /ie H n n , c y x f le H n n , n ^ e n -

t o ecTb KO H uenunn, b OT/inMne o t Hepa3BepHyTbix c|)opM»

[ f lb iM a p c K n n 2001, c. 49-50]. n p n 3 to m OMeHb Ba>KHon

MepTon TaKon CTpyKTypbi AB/iaeTCfl, no yT B epw fleH n io M A .

f l b i M a p c K o r o , ee cnoco6HOCTb k n e p a p x n H e c x o n opraHH3aunn b Bnê c/io>xhoh MHoroypoBHeBon crpyxTypbi.

l/lflea Jl.A. HepHaxoBCxon npeflcraBHTb CMbic/iOByx) CTpyKTypy TexcTa b Bnê nocTenem-io yc/io>xH5ix)LUHxcfl ceMaHTMHecxnx xoMn/iexcoB, b ocHOBe xoTopbix /ie>xaT 3ueMeHTapHbie CMbic/iOBbie eanHnubi n xoTopbie, Bcrynaa b

MHorocTyneHHaTbie cba3h, noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHO nor/ioiuaxrr flpyr flpyra co3ByHHa nêe BaH flenxa n flB/iaeTCfl o c h o b o h

MHornx flpyrnx xoHuenunn. Heno/iHOTa 3 t h x MOê/ien CB5i3aHa c TeM, h t o CMbic/ioBaa CTopoHa TexcTa c b o a h t c ^

To/ibxo x kiHflyxTMBHOMy BOCxo>xflei-mx) o t xoHxpeTHoro x a 6 cTpaxTHOMy, o flH axo t e x c t , TeM 6 o /ie e t e x c t

xyflo>xecTBeHHbin, nyO/inuncTHHecxHH, co3flaeTCfl fla/iexo He pafln 3Toro.

M .fl. flb iM a p cxn n , nbiTaacb npeo flo /ieTb 3 t o t

HeflocTaTOx n o cT p o e H n n , B b iflB n raeT rn n o T e 3 y npeo6pa30BaHiw CMbtcna npn nor/io iueH nn oflHoro x o m noHeHTa a p y rn M [f lb iM a p c x n n 2 0 0 1 ] . 3 t h

npeo6pa30BaHn5i 3aHnMax)T ueHTpa/ibHoe MecTO b

ceMaHTnnecxon opraH n3aunn TexcTa n 51 B/i5iio tc ^ i

Ba>xHenujnM x o m noHeHTOM flHHaMnnecxoro acnexTa onncaHne CMbic/ia, Tax xax 3HannMbi xax npn nopoxaeHnn, Tax n npn BoenpnaTnn TexcTa. CaMn 3Tn npeo6pa30BaHH5i MHoroo6pa3Hbi n He n3yneHbi Ha ceroflHflWHnn fleHb, h o

mo>xho npeflno/io>xnTb Ha/innne b Hnx paâ npn3HaxoB:

1) onepaunoHHon o c h o b o h npeo6pa30BaHnn c/iy>xaT onno3HUHH, npefl/io>xeHHbie B.n. PyflHeBbiM b xanecTBe MOfla/ibHon paMxn TexcTa: a/ieTHHecxaa MOfla/ibHOCTb (H e o 6 xO flnM O - HeB03M0>XH0 - B03M 0 >K HO), axcMO/iorMHecxaa MOfla/ibHOCTb (xopom o - n/ioxo - 6e3pa3/inHHo), fleoHTHnecxaa MOfla/ibHOCTb ( a o j i>x h o -

3anpeiueHO - pa3pemeHo), anncreMHHecxafl MOfla/ibHOCTb

(3HaHMe - no/iaram/ie - HeBefleHne), TeMnopa/ibHaa MOfla/ibHOCTb (npo iu /ioe - 6yflym ee - HacToamee), npocTpaHCTBeHHasi MOfla/ibHOCTb (3flecb - Hnrê - TaM) [PyflHeB 1996, c. 7 9 -9 5 ]; (BK/noneHne MOfla/ibHOki xapaKTepMCTMKM b onncaHne CMbic/ia TeKCTa cor/iacyeTca c npeflCTaB/ieHkieM aBTopa o KOHuenunn: «...3to He npocTO cym ecTB yiom afl b OTpbiBe o t c y 6"beKTa cn CTe m a npeflCTaB/ieHMM, n flen , ho cncTeMa, npoHn3a h Hasi /iMHHOCTHbiM Hana/iOM, cyGteKTMBHbiM BkifleHneM Mnpa, a 3Hahmt, nocTpoeHHaa Ha Bno/iHe onpefle /ieH H on MOfla/ibHO-oueHOHHOki 6a3e. Jlio6bie npeflcraB/ieHkm, nflen n t . n ., B x o fl^ iu k ie b h e k o to p y io koh uen un kd , cHeo6xOflMMOCTbKD 33 KJ1K) HeH bl B COOTBeTCTBy 10 111 H e MOfla/ibHbie o6ojiohkh n TO/ibKO b TaxoM Bkifle MoryT paccMaTpnBaTbC5i xax ee KOMnoHeHTbi» [flbiMapcKnn 2001, c. 61]);

2) « MexahM3M npeo6pa30BaHMM 3aK/iiOHaeTCfl b noflBefleHMM BHOBb o6pa30BaHHoro (npki C03flaHnn ki/iki BoenpnsTrnn) KOMnoHeHTa CMbic/ia nofl oaho ki3 3HaHeHnn aKTya/ibHOki Ha flaHHbin MOMeHT MOfla/ibHOCTn»;

3) «cyii4HOCTb npeo6pa30BaHkm 3aK/iK)HaeTC5i b tom, h to CMbic/iOBOki komnoHeHT He npocTO npno6peTaeT cmbic/iOByio OKpaiueHHOCTb, ho ki TepaeT CBOkicTBa OTfle/ibHoro KBaHTa CMbic/ia ki npncoBOKyn/iaeTCfl k y>xe MMeiOLneMycfl MO/ja/ibHO-CMbic/iOBOMy 6noKy»; CMbic/iOBon KBaHT «HaXOflHTCfl B COCTOAHHH 0>KklflaHkl5l» flO Tex nop, noxa He HanfleTca cooTBeTCTByiomnn no MOfla/ibHOki OKpacxe CMbicnoBOki 6/iok, ec/in >Ke TaKOBoro He HaxoflkiTca, to CMbic/iOBOki KBaHT «noraiuaeTCfl» ki He c|)nrypnpyeT b pe3y/ibTkipyiOLi4eM CMbic/ie TeKCTa;

4) Bbi6op MOfla/ibHOCTki, aKTya/ibHOki Ha flaHHbin MOMeHT BoenpkmTkm TeKCTa, MO>KeT 6biTb npoflkiKTOBaH

nHDdbiM cerMeHTOM reKcra, «Hecymi/iM jimhtbmctmyecKi/i onpe/je/weMbie npi/iMe™ BbiflBi/iweHi/m, aKTyajii/i3aui/ii/i»;

5) nepBMHHOki i/i Beflymei/i flB/iaeTCfl axci/io/ion/iHecxafl onno3i/iui/ifl, oco6eHHO b TexcTax xyflowecTBeHHbix, ny6.n1/1141/1CTi/iHecKi/1x, pexnaMHbix, PR-Texcrax [flbiMapcxi/m 2001, c. 58-60].

B xanecTBe ochobhom efli/mi/iubi KOHuenTyanbHon CTpyKTypbi TexcTa M.9\. flb iM apcxi/m n p e fl/ia ra e T K O H q e n T y a / i b H O 3 H a H M M b i M cm bi c / i x a x « o 6o 6meHHO-oueHOMHoe OTo6pa>KeHiie HeKOTopoii (cm thmc|dmKaTMbhom) cMTya 14mm, co fle p > K a m e e npeo6pa30saHHyio nyTeM MHAyKTMBHbix onepaqMM n p e f l M e T H O - 4>aKTMHecKyK) m H<t>opMaun k> bMOfla/lbHOM 0 6 0 /lOHKe, COOTHeceHHOM C OflHOM M3

aKTya/ibHbix b npefle/iax flaHHoro TeKCTa MOfla/ibHbix

onno3MMMM» (BbifleneHO aBTopoM. - H./l.) [flbiMapcxi/m 2001, c. 62]. B 3tom eflkiHkiue MA. flbiMapcxi/m nbiTaeTcn oeteflHHMTb flBe CTpyKTypbi, o6pa3yiOLni/ie ceMaHTi/inecxoe n p o c T p a H C T B O T e x c T a - a e h o Ta t i/i b h y io i/i KOHuenTya/ibHyio, - TeM caMbiM 3ac|)i/iKCi/ipoBaTb flMHaMMHecxyio cymHOCTb ceMaHTi/iHecxon opram/i3ai4i/n/i TexcTa. TpaHMUbi xoHuenTya/ibHoro 3Ham/iMoro CMbicna onpeflenm oTcn flByMn c|DaKTopaMi/i: 1) nepeMeHon M O f l a / i b H o r o 3HaHeHM5 i , o x p a lu i/i b a io u\ e ro npeflMeTHO-c[}aKTya/ibHyio MHc|DopMaumo (to, hto BaH flenx Ha3biBaeT CMeHon B03MO>KHbix MkipoB) i/i 2) CMeHOki npeflMeTHO-c|DaKTMHecKOM ochobw (nepexofl o t oahom MaxpocMTyauMM x flpyron).

TaxkiM o6pa30M, ceMaHTi/inecxoe npocrpaHCTBO TexcTa opram/i3yeTcn B3ai/iMO/iencTBi/ieM flByx ti/hiob CTpyKTyp - AeHOTaTMBHOM i/i xo h u e n Ty a n b h o m . B b iflenem /ie KOHuenTya/ibHO 3HannMoro CMbic/ia 6a3npyeTcn Ha

npeflcraB/iei-mn o KOHKpeTHon fleHOTaTHBHon CTpyKType TeKCTa, KOTopan BbmB/ineTcn Ha ocHOBe o6o6iueHHbix MHflyKTkiBHbix onepaunn n OKpy>KeHa MOfla/ibHon o6o/iohkoh.

OflHaxo KOHuenTya/ibHO 3HaHHMbin cm nc/i He 06/iaflaeT >KecTKon 3aKpenneHHOCTbK) 3a KaKon-/in6o eanHnuen n/iaHa Bbipa>KeHM51. TaKOM CMblC/l MO>KeT 6blTb Bbipa>KeH OTfle/ibHbiM BbiCKa3biBaHne n flocraTOHHO npoTnweHHbiM c[}parMeHTOM TeKCTa.

3.4.K o M M y H H K a T H B H O - n p a r M a T im e c K a 5 i

o p r a H M 3 a i4 n s i T e K C T a

c D n ry p a r o B o p n m e r o n < t>nrypa c / iy u ia io m e r o b

C T p y K T y p e T e K C T a . T p a a n u m o h h o / i m h h o c t b

nopo>KflaK)Luero xyflo>KecTBeHHbiH TeKCT paccMaTpnBaeTcn

nocpeflCTBOM KaTeropnn o6 pa3a aBTopa, noHHMaeMon KaK

o p r a H M 3 a u n o H H b m 14e h t p K O M n o 3 n u H H u e / i o r o

xyflo>KecTBeHHoro TeKCTa, oh Mbic/wTcn n npncyTCTByeT b

CTki/ie x y flo > K e c T B eH H o ro TeKC Ta: «X y flo > K ec T B eH H an

flen cT B H T e/ibH O C Tb no n p n e M a M CBoen o p ra H H 3 a u n H

y3HaeTcn KaK cjDopMa TBopnecTBa Toro n/in hhoto nncaTe/in»

[BnHorpaflOB 1959, c. 140]. 0 6 p a3 aBTopa onncbiBaeTcn

H e p e 3 n p n H u n n b i r p y n n n p o B K n , OT6 o p a TeKCTOBbix

3 /ieMeHTOB, H epe3 cn o co 6 bi H3o 6 pa>KeHHn flencTByiOLUHx

/ in u , H e p e 3 o n n c a H n e KOMno3 n u n n TeKCTa. n o f lo 6 Hbin

B3 r/isifl Ha aBTopa KaK Ha o 6 p a3 pea/iM 3 0 BaH bo m hothx

nccneflOBaHkinx TeKCTa, oco6 eHHO TeKCTa xyqo>KecTBeHHoro,

npeflcraB/isiKDLUMX onncaHne HHflHBHflya/ibHbix, sBbiKOBbix (n

/ n /in TeKCTOBbix) cpe^C TB , nqe cn cTeM O o 6 p a 3yiOLUHM

cjDaKTopoM nB/ineTcn BbinieHa3BaHHa5i KaTeropnn.

OflHaxo oni/icam/ie o6pa3a aBTopa b xyflo>xecTBeHHOM TexcTe He npn6un>xaeT Hac x ormcaHMX) /immhoctm aBTopa 3Toro TexcTa: «T ax Ha3biBaeMbm o6pa3 aBTopa - 3 to ,

npaBfla, o6pa3 oco6oro TMna, ot/immhwm o t ApyrMx o6pa30B npoM3BefleHMM, ho 3 to o6pa3, a oh MMeeT CBoero aBTopa, co3AaBiuero e ro » , «HOCMTe/iM m m c to to M3o6pa>xax)LAero HaMa/ia» [BaxTMH 1986, c. 304]. M.M. BaxTMH roBopMT o c/ieAyx)LiieM MepapxMMecxoM 3BeHe b penpe3eHTauMM /IMMHOCTM TOBOpMLAerO B TexcTe - O VHCTOM aBTOpe, B

OT/iMMMe o t aBTopa MacTMMHO M3o6pa>xeHHoro: « 3 t o He natura creata m He natura natura e t creans, h o mmct3m

natura creans et non creata» [BaxTMH 1986]. O t mmctom

npMpOflbl TBOpMIAGM M He COTBOpeHHOM ecTb nyTM x aBTopy-ne/iOBexy, b caMyx) cepAueBMHy ero, xoTopaa, no Mbic/iM M.M. BaxTMHa, HMxorfla He MO>xeT CTaTb oahmm m3

o6pa30B caMoro npoM3BefleHMM. H m ctnm aBTop BeêT x /im m hoctm aBTopa TexcTa, x coBOxynHOCTM ero ue/ieft m

m o t m b m p o b o x , x 6ecco3HaTe/ibHOM y b CTpyxType ero /immhoctm. K3.H. Kapay/iOB onpefle/iM/i 3 to xax BTopoft (a no CMeTy T p e T MM) y p O B e H b A3blXOBOM / i m m h o c t m -

xoMMyHMxaTMBHO-nparMaTMMecxMM. OflHaxo, roBopa 06 aBTope, npe>xfle Bcero xyAO>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa, KD.H. Kapay/iOB BbiflBMraeT ABe npMMMHbi, o6yc/iOB/iMBax)LAMe o6"bexTMBHbie TpyAHOCTM onMcaHMM m 3nxobom /im m hoctm

aBTopa xyAO>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa: 1) nepeA HaMM cxopee M3bixoBbie /im m hoctm nepcoHaweft m noBecTBOBaTe/iM m 2) noaTOMy onMcaHMe m3wxobom /immhoctm nMcaTe/ia cboam tca

x re p 6 apMX) A3bixoBbix cpeACTB m npMeMOB, xoTopbie Mcno/ib3yeT aBTop npM nocTpoeHMM xyAO>xecTBeHHoro MMpa npoM3BeAGHM5i. Mo>xho AoOaBMTb Tax>xe eiAe OAHy npMMMHy, He no3BO/iax)LAyK) Mepe3 xaTeropnx) fl3bixoBoft /im m hoctm

aAexBaTHO onMcaTb /iMMHOCTb co3Aax)LAero Texcr. Texcr xax c/io>xHbiM o6"bexT MCC/ieAOBaHM5i npeAno/iaraeT Ha/iMMMe

c / io >k h o h n e p a p x n M e c K o n o p r a H H 3 a u n n C T p yK T yp H b ix

3/ieMeHTOB n ypoBH en.

PeiueHne npo6/ieMbi onncaHnn jih m h o c th co3flax)Lnero xyflo>KecTBeHHbin Texcr MO>xeT 6biTb ycMOTpeHO b onncaHnn TexcTOBon j ih m h o c th aBTopa (noflpo6HO cm. 2.2.), KOTopaa, BO-nepBbix, flB/iaeTCfl npnpoflon HecoTBopeHHon n TBopsmjen (natura creans et non creata) b OT/inMne o t

o6pa3a aBTopa, npnpoflbi nopo>KfleHHOH n TBopamen (natura natura et creans) n, BO-BTopbix, Bon/iomaeTCfl n BbmB/iaeTCfl bo Bcex recTOBb/x yposH9\x n nx opraHn3aunn. B onncaHnn TexcTOBon j i h m h o c t h Beflymaa po/ib npMHaflJie>KHT KOMno3nunn TexcTa. npn o6men orpaHMneHHOCTH XyflO>KeCTBeHHblX n A3blKOBblX CpeflCTB (cpeflCTB A3blKa, /inTepaTypHoro n xyflo>xecTBeHHOM /inTepaTypbi), 3Tn cpeflCTBa npno6peTaK)T pa3JinMHOCTb n MHflMBMflyajibHOCTb n meHh o b CBoeM coeflnHeHnn. Ho npn 3 t o m «n b

nHflnBnflya/ibHOM MHoroo6pa3nn TBopMecxnx B03M0>KH0CTen xyflo>KHMKa HaxoflHTca „0flH006pa3ne" ero jih m h o c th , caMon no ce6e 6ecxoHeHHO 6oraTon (nejiOBex - 3 to oflHa n3 c|dopm

6ecxoHeMHOCTn), a 3aTeM b acTeTHMecxoM 6oraTCTBe Hacroflinero (nofl/iHHHoro) xyqo>xecTBeHHoro npoM3BefleHMfl ecTb ero „opraHH30BaHHOCTb" CTn/ieM» [JlnxaneB 1989, c. 1 7 4 - 1 7 5 ] . O a h o h n3 6ecxoHeMHbix penpe3eHTaunn He/iOBexa nsnnercn ero TexcroBafl jinnHOCTb. A t o , mto fl.C. JlnxaMeB Ha3bmaeT «opraHM30BaHHOCTbK)» CTn/ieM», ecTb «opraHn30BaHHOCTb» TexcTa KOMno3nunen.

npoaB JieH na aBTopcxoro npncyTCTBn^ b T ex c re ocym ecTBJifleTca npn noMOinn me T 3 3 H ak o b ( unTaT, TexcTOBbix OTCbmox, caMOOTCbi/iOK, cpeflCTB aBTopn3aunn, aBTopcxnx oueHOK, MOflycHbix n oxa3aTe/ien ), KOTopbie cocTaB/i5iK)T aBTopcxnn y3op [IllMejieBa 1998] n co3flax)T CBoeo6pa3Hbin «TexcT o TexcTe», MeTaTexcT [Be>x6ni4Ka 1978]. MeTaTexcT opneHTnpyeTCfl Ha KOHxpeTHyio peneByx)

CMTyauMK) c o 3 fla m /m m / mjim BO cnpi/m Ti/m TeKCTa. B.A. LUaMMMeB B b ifle jiM /i flB a T u n a MeTaTeKCTOBbix 3 H 3 ko b -

MHHeKTMBHbIX (BTI/ieTeHHblX) M CenapaTMBHbIX (OTfle/lbHbIX)

[ LUa MMMeB 1996] . n e p B b i e c o 3 f l a x ) T n e p e n / i e T e H M e

M eTaieKCTa m ocH O B H oro T excT a , a B Topbie b k jik )H 3 K )t b

OCHOBHOM TeKCT K0Mn03MI4M0HH0 OTfle/lbHbie p33HOBMflHOCTM

MeTaTeKCTOBbix o6pa30BaHMM (npeflM C/ioBM e, noc/iec /ioB M e,

BblCKa3blB3HM51 aBTOpa 0 CBOMX TeKCTaX, 33TIMCKM, 33MeTKM M

t . fl.) [Xoflyc 1999].

A b to p TexcTa MO>xeT 6biTb o6o3HaneH Tax>xe m npM t io m o lu m fleM KTM H ecKM x c / io b (>7, T b t3 /jecb , ceijvac), KOTOpbie Cny>KaT MfleHTMC|)MKai4MM 06"beKT0B, C06blTMM, OTpe3KOB n pOCTpaHCTB3 M BpeMeHM Hepe3 MX OTHOLUeHMe K

aKTy peHM. B KaHOHMHecKOM peneBOM CMTya 14mm fleMKTMHeCKMe 3/ieMeHTbl OpMeHTMpOB3Hbl Ha rOBOp^LlêrO, B

HexaHOHMHecKOM opMeHTMpoBaHbi Ha c/iyiuaKDLnero (Sy/jy vepe3 1 5 MMHyr), b HappaTMBe fleMXTMnecxMe 3/ieMeHTbi MHTepnpeTMpyeTca b OTHOLueHMM ziMua, 3aMeHfliOLnero roBopam ero (noBecTBOBaTe/isi, nepcoHa>xa) [naflyneB a 1996, c. 258-275]. nepBbie flBa TMna peneBbix CMTyaUMM x a p a x T e p H b i f l / i a H e x y f l o > x e c T B e H h bi x t e k c t 0 b

(ocjDMUMa/ibHO-flenoBbix, HaynHbix, pa3roBopHbix) noc/ieflHMki - fl/isi xyflo>xecTBeHHbix TexcTOB. n y 6/iMUMCTMMecxMe, pex/iaM Hbie m PR-TexcTbi 3 3 HMM3 IOT npoMe>xyTOHHoe no/io>xeHMe m MoryT pea/iM30BbiBaTb xax xaHOHMnecxyio peneByio CMTyauMio, Tax m HexaHOHMnecxyx) m fla>xe HappaTMBHyx).

B T e x c T a x c x a H O H M n e c x o M p e ne B O k i CM TyauM eki

rOBOp^llHMM flBJlfleTC fl pe a /ib H b ik i rOBOp^llHMM, OH MO>XeT

B b icrynaTb b oahom m3 neTb ipex M nocraceki: 1) roBopainMM

xa x cy6"beKT flekixcM ca («l~OBopflLHMM AB/iaeTCfl HanaTOM t o

"cM CTeM bi x o o p f l M H a T " , K O T o p a a c/iy>KMT y n a c T H M x a M

p e n e B O k i C M T y a u m m b x a n e c T B e r / i a B H o r o o p y f l M f l

pec|DepeHi4nn»); 2) roBopfliunn xax cy6"bexT penn npoflB/iaeT ce6a b xocBeHHbix Bbicxa3biBam/mx, o6paiueHkmx n ap.; 3) roBopfliuHH xax cy6"bexT co3HaHi/m o6Hapy>xnBaeT ce6a b

Bbicxa3biBaHi/mx, rê cy6"bexT noflpa3yMeBaeTCfl MeHTa/ibHO, SMOunoHa/ibHO, b o / ih th b h o ; b Heonpefle/ieHHO-jiHHHbix, >xe/iaieubHbix n Heonpefle/ieHHbix Bbicxa3biBaHi/mx; 4) roBopfliunn xax cy6"bexT BOcnpi/mTi/m noflpa3yMeBaeTCfl npn r/iaro/iax BOcnpi/mTi/m [naflyneBa 1996, c. 262-265].

B TexcTax c HexaHOHkmecxon xom MyHkixaTHBHon cuTyaunen roBopîunn j ih 6 o npoeukipyeTca Ha c/iyujax)Luero (n/iaxaTbi, pex/iaMa), /in6o 3aMeiuaeTCfl nepcoHa>xeM n / n/in noBecTBOBaTe/ieM (b HappamBHbix Texcrax).

KpoMe flenxTkiHecxnx 3/ieMeHTOB b npamaTHHecxon C T p y x T y p e T e x c T a E .B. n a f l y H e B a B b i f l e / i a e T 3roueHTpnHecxne 3/ieMeHTbi, x xoTopbiM OTHOCflTca MeTaTexcTOBbie 3/ieMeHTbi, npeflkixaTbi BHyTpeHHero cocTOflHi/m, npeflnxa™ co 3HaneHneM cxoflCTBa n noflo6m, noxa3aTe/in nfleHTi/ic|)nxai4nn 3roueHTpnHHOCTn, c/iOBa co 3HaHeHneM Heo>xnflaHHOcm, Heonpefle/ieHHbie MecroHMeHi/m n HapeHki9\r «o6o6iuax)Lune» Bpe3xn, c/iOBa c oueHOHHbiM 3HaneHneM (noflpo6Hyx) xapaxTepncTnxy nepeHkic/ieHHbix 3roueHTpnHecxnx 3/ieMeHTOB cm. [naflyneBa 1996]).

f l enxTnHecxne n aroueHTpnHecxne 3/ieMeHTbi o6ecneHMBax)T npe>xfle Bcero /ioxa/in3aunx) aBTopa b TexcTe n MoryT o6o3HaHaTb c a b u t aBTopcxon jioxajin3aunn b

TexcTe: wnaTe/ib MO>xeT cocraBHTb npeflcraB/ieHHe 06 M3o6pa>xaeMOM Mkipe, b HacTHOCTn o ero Ba>xHenwnx napaMeTpax - npocTpah c t b c h h o - BpeMeHHbix, - To/ibxo onnpa^cb Ha flaHHyx) tc x c to m Tonxy OTcneTa; a 3 to h ecTb t o t «aHa/ior roBopfliuero», b HbeM BefleHnn HaxoflflTca Bee aroueHTpnxn n x xoMy ohm OTCbi/iax)T. O t xapaxTepa /ioxa/iM3aunM aBTopa b Texcre, ee CTa6n/ibHOCTM m/im

HeCTa6MJlbH0CTI/l, 33BMCMT, CMO>KeT MJIM HeT HMTaTe/lb nocTpokiTb HenpoTMBopeHMByK) MOfle/ib M3o6pa>KaeMoro Mkipa. B K/iacckiHecKOM H appaTkiB e C03flaeTC5i TaK Ha3biBaeMbiki « ixe i/\K jm ecK m napkiTeT» Me>Kfly aBTopoM ki HkiTaie/ieM 3a CHeT fleMKTMnecKOki ki 3roueHTpkiHecKOki onpefle/ieHHOCTki CTpyKTypbi TeKCTa. B MOflepHkiCTCKOM HappaTkiBe KapTkiHa pe3KO MeHfleTca: fleMKTMnecKMki n a p k i T e T y T p a n M B a e T c a , n o f l B / i ae TCf l 3 H a n e H M e flekiKTkiHecKOki ki 3roueHTpkiHecKOki Heonpeae/ieHHOCTM [flbiMapcKMki 2001, c. 2 68 -2 7 3 ].

npamaTkmecKafl opraHM3auM5i TeKCTa KacaeTca He TO/ibKO BonpocoB, CB5i3aHHbix c TeM, k to OTnpaB/iaeT coo6 ii4eHkie, t . e. aBTopoM, ho m TeM, kto no/iynaeT 3to coo6 ii4eHkie, t . e. HMTaTe/ieM. TeKCT MO>xeT cneukia/ibHO npeflycMaTpkiBaTb onpeae/ieHHoe noBefleHkie HMTaTe/ia TaK, hto 3to noBefleHkie bxo^mt b pacneTbi aBTopa TeKCTa, KaK 6 bi cneukia/ibHO mm nporpaM M M pyeTca. A b to p MO>xeT cneuMa/ibHO paccHMTbmaTb Ha onpeae/ieHHyio flMHaMMKy n O 3 M U M M HMTaTe/151. n 0 3 M U M 51 H MTaTe/151 M Me e T npMHUMnMa/ibHO BHeiiiHMM xapaKTep no OTHOuieHMio k TeKCTy, n03MI4M9\ aBTopa MO>KeT MeHflTbCfl B 3TOM OTHOLUeHMM.

KD .M . J l O T M a H B U f l MT C y T b M e X 3 H M 3 M 3 B3aMMOOTHOLUeHMM TeKCTa M aflpeCaTa B TOM, HTO TeKCT flec|DopMMpyeTCa b npouecce ero fleiiiMc|)poBKM a^pecaTOM, m oflHOBpeMeHHO jikd6 om TeKCT coflep>KMT b ce6 e o6pa3 ayflMTopMM, KOTopbiM «3ktmbho B03flekicTByeT Ha pea/ibHyio ayflMTOpMKD, CT3HOB5ICb Hee HeKOTOpbIM HOpMMpyiOLUMM KOflOM» [JlOTMaH 2002, c. 169]. noflo6 Hbiki flna/ior Me>Kfly TeKCTOM M CJiyLUaKDLUMM 6a3MpyeTC51 Ha H3/1MHMM o6 mekinam5itm y a a p e c a T a m a a p e c a H T a coo6 iueHM5i m BbiCTpaMBaeTCn cor/iacHO flByM c[}yHKUMOHa/ibHbiM peneBbiM MOfle/lflM - OCjDMUMa/lbHOki M MHTMMHOM. C 3TOM TOHKM 3peHM5l

mo>kho BbiflennTb flBa Tuna o6pa3a aapecaTa, c|DopMnpyeMbie TeKCTOM: 1) a6cTpaKTHbin aapecaT, o6"beM naMsrrn KOToporo peKOHCTpynpyeTcn KaK CBoncTBeHHbin /iK)6oMy HOcnTe/iK) flaHHoro n3biKa; 2) KOHKpeTHbin co6eceflHHK, c k o to p n m

ro B o p m u n n j ih h h o 3HaKOM n o O te M n H f ln B n f ly a / ib H o n

naMnTn KOToporo roBopnujeMy xopomo n3BecTeH. CooTBeTCTBeHho nepBbin Tnn o6pa3a aapecaTa pea/in3yeTcn b ocjDnuna/ibHbix TeKCTax, a BTopon - b TeKCTax /inHHoro xapaKTepa. Macro nrpa Ha opneHTaunn oflHOBpeMeHHO Ha flBa Tuna aapecaTa, nn6o ncno/ib30BaHne o6pa3a /inHHoro af lpecaTa b ocjDnuna/ibHbix TeKCTax n Ha o6opoT a6cTpaKTHoro aapecaTa b h h th m h w x TeKCTax craHOBHTcn cneuna/ibHbiM npamaTHnecKHM npneMOM opraHH3aunn TeKCTa. B pe3y/ibTaTe 3Toro ayflHTopnn paccexaeTcn Ha f\se HepaBHbie Hacrn: oflHa Ma/iOHnc/ieHHan, KOTopon TeKCT noHsrreH, n apyran, KOTopan nyBCTByeT b TeKCTe HaMeK, ho

pacmnc|DpoBaTb ero He MO>KeT. «B pe3y/ibTaTe b to p n m

flencTBneM TeKCTa 6bmo t o , h to o h nepeHOcn/i Kaw/jom HkiTaTe/in b no3nunK) h h t h m h o t o f lpyra aBTopa, o6/iaflaK)Luero oco6on yHkiKa/ibHon o6iuHOCTbK) naMnTH c hum n cnoco6Horo no3TOMy n3"bncHnTbcn HaMeKaMn», - TaKon KOMMeHTapnn no/iynn/i nywKHHCKHH TeKCT b pa6oTax KD.M. JlOTMaHa [JlOTMaH 2002, c. 173]. TeKCT npeBpamaeT cnymaKDLuero Ha BpeMn BOcnpnsrrnn TeKCTa b He/iOBexa t o n creneHn 3HaKOMCTBa c roBopnujHM, KOTopyio aBTopy 6yqeT yroflHO yKa3aTb.

Af lpecaHT K/ iaccnnecKoro xyf lo>KecTBeHHoro c o o 6 i ueHnn, KaK npaBH/ io, c / ief lyeT np nH un na M TeKCTonocTpoeHnn, npn3BaHHbiM o6ecnennTb fl/in HHTaTe/in B03mo>khocTb 6o/iee n/in MeHee 3c|Dc|)eKTHBHoro noHkiMaHnn. B cooTBeTCTBnn c 3 t h m h npnHunnaMn TeKCT flo/iweH 06/iaflaTb npn3HaKaMn ziOKa/ibHon n r/io6a/ibHon c b sb h o c ti/i,

npeflocTaB/inTb noTeHuna/ibHOMy aapecaTy B03M0>KH0CTb

ocymecTB/iflTb HenpoTMBopeMMByK) pecjDepeHUMK) m 0AH03HaMH0e OTO>KfleCTBJieHMe MHflMBMflOB, CTpOMTbCfl C yMeTOM KO/ll/NeCTBeHHbIX M KaMeCTBeHHbIX XapaKTepMCTMK cjDOHOBbix 3Hah i/ift mi/iTaTe/i5i i/i t . n. npamaTMHecxafl opraHM3aun5i TexcTa b nocTMOAepm/iCTCxoM Texcre 3aMacTyx) MOfle/mpyeTCfl coBepiueHHO mhwm o6pa30M. Abtop MO>xeT /im6o pe3xo paciui/ipflTb xoMMym/ixan/iBHbie npaBa HMTaTe/isi, npef locTaB/ i f la eMy He To/ ibxo no/iH yx) CBo6o fly MHTepnpeTauMM, HO M B03M0>XH0CTb yMaCTM51 B nOpO>XfleHMM TexcTa; /im6o BCTynaTb c hmm b c/io>xHyK) npamaTMHecxyx) Mrpy, yMe/io paccraB/iflfl b TexcTe ziOByiuxM, 3anaflHM, 3aMacxMpoBaHHbie «x/iiohm» m nceBflo MHoro3HaHMTe/ibHbie h a me xm m t . n .; /im 6 o b Toft m/im MHoft CTeneHM M THOpM pOB3Tb XO M M y H M XaTM B H bl e npaBa HMTaTe/lfl (HanpMMep, «He3axoHHbiM» o6pa30M nepecexaa rpaHMUbi TexcTOBoro npocTpaHCTBa, fle/iaa HeB03M0>xH0ft npoueflypy HenpoTMBopeMMBoro OTO>xflecTB/ieHMfl nepcoHa>xeft) m t . n. n pMMepoM noc/ieflHero c/iy>xaT TexcTbi paccxa30B T. TO/lCTOft, XOTOpbIM npMCyiA npM3HaX He0flH03HaHH0ft pec|DepeHUMM (cm. 06 3tom noflpo6Hee b pa6oTe: [llaHMeHxo 2008]).

n p o 6 /ie M a rpaH M u TeKCTa. npo6/ieMa paMOK, m/ im rpaHMu TexcTa, nocraB/ieHHaa b Tpyqax M.M. BaxTMHa, KD.M. JloTMaHa, B.A. YcneHCxoro, npeflCTaB/iaeT co6oft npe>xfle Bcero npo6/ieMy nparMaTMXM Texcra.

Onpefle/iflfl OTrpaHMMeHHOCTb xax oamh m3 ochobhnx npM3HaxoB /u o 6oro TexcTa, KD.M. JloTMaH 3aMeMaeT: «OyHxuM5i xyflo>xecTBeHHoro npoM3BefleHMfl xax xoHeMHoft MOfle/iM 6ecxoHeMHoro no CBoeft npMpofle "peMeBoro TexcTa" pea/ibHbix cjDaxTOB fle /iaeT momcht OTrpaHMMeHHOCTM, x o h e h h o c t m H e n p e M e H H b i M y c / i o b m e m b c a x o t o xyflo>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa» [JloTMaH 20006, c. 429-430]. OflHM m Te >xe peneBbie c|DaxTbi, BxoflaiAMe b TexcT, MoryT

no-pa3H O M y M/ieHHTbCfl Ha xoM n o3 nu no H H b ie 3/ieM eHTbi b

3aBMCMM0CTM o t pew eH H 9\ npo6 /ieM b i pa3rpaHMMeHM5i TexcTa

n HeTexcTa. T o , m to Haxofli/iTC fl 3a n e p T o n , OTAe/ifliOLAen

o a h h 3/ieMeHT o t A p y ro ro , 6yAeT flB /iaeTCfl J in6o HeTexcTOM,

jih 6 o A pyrnM TexcTOM. TexcT b c n / iy CBoen MOAe/wpyKDLAen

n p n p o A b i, n p o flB J isn o L A e n c fl b c o 3 A a H n n c o 6 c T B e H H o ro

TexcTOBoro M npa, Tpe6yeT o6o3HaMeHi/m o c h o b h o h paM xn -

no3HUHH H ana/ia n xoH ua TexcTa.

OTrpaHHMeHHOCTb TexcTa CTaHOBHTCfl 3HaMHMOH H f\H9\

c|}opMHpoBaHi/m Been cncTeM bi x y /ib T y p b i: « B c a x a fl x y /ib T y p a

HaMHHaeTC5i c p a 3 6 n e H H a M n pa Ha B H yT peH H ee ( " c B o e " )

npocTpaHCTBO n BH eiuH ee ( " n x " ) » [J loTM aH 2000a, c. 175].B.A. YcneHCXMH yB fl3b iB aeT n p o 6 /ie M y paM O x c n p o 6 /ie M o n

cooTHOLueHv\5\ B H ew H en n BHyTpeHHen TOMex 3 p e H n a , « n p n

3 to m M p e 3 B b iM a n H y x ) Ba>xHOCTb n p n o 6 p e T a e T n p o u e c c

n e p e x o A a o t M npa p e a /ib H o ro x M npy H3o6pa>xaeMOM y, t . e. n p o 6 / i e M a c n e u n a / i b H o n o p r a H n 3 a u n n " p a M O x "

xyAO >xecTBeHHoro M 3o6pa>xeHi/m» [YcneHCXHH 1995, c. 174]. B noH A T ne paM O x, BC/ieA 3a B.A. YcneHCXHM , M o ryT 6b iTb

Bxnx)M eH bi « yc /iO B H b ie n p n e M b i n cjDopMbi, c / iy w a iA n e / \n n

o6o3HaMeHH5i rpaHHu o6o3HaMaeMon AencTBnTe/ibHOCTn» [ Y c n e H C X H H 1 9 9 5 , c. 2 5 9 ] . 3 t o M O > x e T 6 b i T b

H enocpeAC TBeH H oe o6o3H aM eH ne rp a H n u b i (TpaAMUMOHHbie

3aMHHbi n x o h u o b x h b c |)O J ibx /iope ) n / in >xe c n e u n a /ib H b ie

x o m n o 3 n u n o H H b i e n p n e M b i ( H a n p n M e p , x o / i b u e B a a

xoMno3HUH5i b « P e B H 3 o p e » : b H a n a /ie xom cahm - nncbM O ,

n p n e 3 A M H H M o r o p e B M 3 o p a , a x T n BHasi A e a T e /ib H O C T b

m hhobhhxob ; b xo H u e TexcTa - nncbM O, n p n e 3 A H acT O îue ro

peB H 3opa , napa/iH 3auH 5i AesiTe/ibHOCTH m hh ob hh xob ). PaM xn

o6o3HaM ax)T py6e>x Mex<Ay BHeniHnM mhpom (n o OTHOiueHHio

x H3o6pa>xaeM OM y) n BHyTpeHHHM mhpom TexcTa. n p n 3tom

p a m x n n p n H a A / ie > x a T n p o c rp a H C T B y B H e n iH e M y , a He

npocTpaHCTBy, npeACTaB/ieHHOM y b TexcTe. C /ieAO BaTe/ibHO ,

cneuki a / ibHbie n p m e m bi, opne HT ki po Ba HHbi e Ha BOcnpkiHMMaioinero Texcr, m o6pa3yK)T paMKM TexcTa.

BCflKMM TeKCT 9\BH9\eJ C060M 0C06blM MMp CO CBOMM npocTpahctbom, BpeMeHeM, co CBoen CMcreMOM ueHHOcreM,OUeHOK, CBOMMM HOpMaMM nOBefleHMfl. I/I 3TOT TeKCTOBbIM «MHflMBMflya/ibHbm» Mkip Heo6xoflMMO OTrpaHMnMTb ot flpymx mmpob: pea/ibHoro - Mkipa «peneBoro TexcTa» m kippea/ibHoro - mm pa apyrnx tckctob.

TaxMM o6pa30M, npo6/ieMa rpaHMu TexcTa MO>xeT 6biTb paccMOTpeHa c flByx ctopoh. Bo-nepBbix, OTrpaHMneHMe TexcTa o t flpyrMx KOMnoHeHTOB KOMMyHMxauMM: roBopsuuero xax n o p o x f l a x ) iiêro t e k c t , c /iy iu a \o m e r o xax BOcnpMHMMaK)inero Texcr, xoâ, KOHTexcTa. 1/lMeHHO b 3tom CMbic/ie CT3BMT npo6/ieMy rpaHMu TexcTa M.M. BaxTMH, CB9\3b\B39\ e e C nOHMMaHMeM TeKCTa xax BblCKa3blB3HM51 [BaxTMH 1986, c. 298]. TaKMe rpaHMUbi TexcTa mo>kho Ha3BaTb KOMMyHMKdTMBHb/MM. BO-BTOpbIX, OTI~p3HMneHMe TexcTa o t f l py rMx t e k c t o b , h t o o6yc / iOB/ ieHO cymecTBOBaHMeM Texcra b HexoTopoM npocrpaHCTBe apymx TexcTOB, b npocTpaHCTBe xy/ibTypbi. TaxMe rpaHMUbi TexcTa MO>XHO Ha3BaTb npOCTpaHCTBeHHblMM.

KoMMyHMxaTMBHbie m npocTpaHCTBeHHbie rpaHMUbi - 3to BHemH5i5i paMxa TexcTa, o6ecnenMBaiOLua5i ero OTfle/lbHOCTb, MHflMBMflya/lbHOCTb M CaM06blTH0CTb B KOMMyHMxauMM m xy/ibType. BHewHflfl paMxa OTfle/iaeT TexcT OT Toro, MTO no OTHOLUeHMIO K HeMy AB/lfleTCfl HeTeKCTOM.

KpoMe BHeiiiHMx rpaHMu, TexcT BK/nonaeT b cboio C T p y x T y p y m B H y T p e H h Me p a mkm, o6yc/iOB/ieHHbie

npMcyTCTBMeM Hecxo/ibKMx peneBbix cyGtexTOB (Ha/iMnMeM

Hecxo/ibKMx T o n e x 3peHMfl, xax 3to Ha3biBaeT B.A. YcneHCKMM [YcneHCKMM 1995]).

06o3HaHeHkie Hana/ia m KOHua TexcTa - 3 to Han6o/iee OHeBMflHbie TexcTOBbie rpaHkiubi . H a n a / i o n xoineu o6ecneHMBax)T OTfle/ibHOCTb n OTrpaHnneHHOCTb TexcTa. C

3 t o m p a M K o n c o B n a f l a x ) T KOMMyHkixaTk iBHbie ki npocrpaHCTBeHHbie rpaHkiubi. HanpnMep, TpaflnunoHHbie 3aHHHbi n k o h u o b k h b cjDonbK/iopHbix npon3BefleHnnx npeflcraB/iflKDT co6on npew fle Bcero KOMMyHnxaTkiBHbie rpaHkiubi. « l/l x r a w 6 b in , M e /j-n n B O n u n , n o y c a /w r e /m o , / ia b p o r H e n o n a n o » — 3 t o t nepexofl o t >kh3hh cxa3Kn k

noBceflHeBHOki >Kki3Hn coBepwaeTcn xax nepexofl o t Texcra k

paccKa3Hnxy ( r o B o p m u e M y ) . nosTOMy c oBepweHHO 3axoHOMepHbiM 3flecb nB/ineTcn MecTOkiMeHne nepBoro nnua ( a ) , K O T o p o e He p a 3 p y m a e T n p e f l w e c T B y x D L f l e e noBecTBOBaHkie, a flB/ineTcn cnoco6oM o6o3HaveHHfi paMKki TexcTa [YcneHCxnn 1995]. 3 t o nepexofl c BHyTpeHHen Ha BHeiiJHKDK) no OTHOLueHkiK) x flaHHOMy TexcTy no3kiukiK). KOMMyHkixaTkiBHbie rpaHkiubi TexcTa ecTb Taxwe b Hana/ie TexcTOB co cxa30B0ki cjDopMOki M3/io>xeHkm. B 3 tom CMbic/ie Ha/ikiHkie paccxa3Hkixa ki/iki ckiCTeMbi paccxa3HkixoB - 3 to

T o w e o 6 o 3 H a H e H k i e rpaHkiu T e x c T a . O a T M H e c x n e BbicKa3biBaHkin b H ana/ie TexcTa - 3 t o CBoeo6pa3Han Hana/ibHan rpaHkiua: « 3 / jp a B C T B y n T e ! KaK / je / ia ? » ki t . a . ,

o6o3HaHeHkieM rpaHkiubi b KOHue TexcTa Taxwe nB/iniOTcn 3TkixeTHbie c|DopMy/ibi npoLflam/m. Bee ohm npeflcraB/iniOT co6om cnoco6bi o6o3HaHeHkin Hana/ia m KOHua pa3roBopa, 6eceflbi, BCTpeHM. OflHOBpeMeHHO 3 to ecTb cnoco6bi bomtm b

pa3roBop ki noxkiHyTb ero.

TaxMM o6pa30M, KOMMyHkixaTMBHbie rpaHkiubi - 3 to , c

OflHOM CTopoHbi , o6o3HaHeHMfl Henocpef lCTBeHHoro B3aMMOfleMCTBkin co c/iywaiOLflnM, c flpyron c to p o h n , ohm

XapaKTepkl3yeTCn «MJlJlK)3nOHnCTnHHOCTblO» (TepMMH B.A. YcneHCKoro [YcneHCKnn 1995, c. 206 ], h to , 6e3yc/iOBHO, noflnepxMBaeT yc/iOBHOCTb paMKki TexcTa m pea/ibHOCTb,

«>KM3HeHH0CTb» ueHTpa/ibHon ( o c h o b h o m ) HaCTM TexcTa. M j i j i x ) 3 m o h m c t m h h ocTb xoMMyHMxaTMBHbix rpaHnu ycn/iMBaeTC5i b c/iyHae HaMepeHHoro Heo6o3HaHeHkm paMxn TexcTa. Tax, HaHa/ibHafl rpaHnua b paccxa3ax B.M. LUyxiiJMHa He o6o3HaHeHa, xax npaBn/io, yc/iOBHbiM npneMOM ( «Ero 3Ba/iM - BaceKa»; «!/1 era no 3 to y Kohctbh tmhb CMopo/jMHa KaK 6one3Hb...»; «Ero h 3BanM-ro - He Anema...» n flp.).

KoMMyHMxaTMBHa9\ paMxa MO>xeT 6biTb ncno/ib30BaHa npn OTrpaHMHeHMM TexcTa n xofla - bwxoa Ha ypoBeHb MeTa5i3bixa no OTHOweHnio x HenocpeflCTBeHHOMy TexcTy («HHTarenb >K/jer y>K pncpMbi poabi; Ha, b o t bobbmh ee CKopen!» (nywxnH) m/im: «>7 o<a>Ky KpaTKO»; «£ He 6yny roBopMTb KpacMBO»; «vecTHO roBopn» n t . a.).

Te >xe caMbie TpaAHunoHHbie 3aHHHbi n x o h u o b x h

c/iy>xaT n npocTpaHCTBeHHOM OTrpaHi/meHHOCTn c[)onbx/iopHoro TexcTa: o6o3HaHax)T npnHaA/ie>xHOCTb ero x rpynne pyccxnx HapoflHbix cxa30x xax x eflMHOMy xy/ibTypHOMy n/iacry.

HaHa/ibHa5i npocTpaHCTBeHHasi rpaHkiua MO>xeT C03flaTbC5i 3a cneT ncno/ib30BaHkm b Hana/ie TexcTa onncaHkm n pocTpa HCTBa, b x o to p o m 6yfleT nponcxoAkiTb co6biTkie kippea/ibHoro Mkipa. HanpkiMep, 3TOMy c/iy>xkiT aBTopcxaa peMapxa b Hana/ie ApaMaTkmecxoro AencTBkm, xoTopaa, xpoMe TpaflkiukiOHHoro Bbino/iHeHkm peMapoHHon cJoyHxukiki, o6o3HaHaeT ki rpaHkiubi TexcTa. Mcc/ieflya cpeflHeBexoByx) >xkiBonkicb, f l .C . JlnxaneB OTMenaeT po/ib ki3o6pa>xeHHoro c/iOBa: «no CBoen npnpoAe npoki3HeceHHoe ki/iki npoHkiTaHHoe c /io b o B03HkixaeT ki ncHe3aeT bo BpeMeHki. ByflyHki "k i3o6pa>xeHh bi m " c / i o b o caMO xax 6bi 0CTaHaB/ikiBaeTC5i ki ocTaHaB/ikiBaeT n3o6pa>xeHne» [JlkixaueB 1997, c. 291]. Taxyx) >xe c[}yHxunx) - c[)yHxunx)

0CT3 HOBKM BpeMeHM - B b lfle /lfleT B.A. ycneHCKMM y M 3o6pa3M Te/ibH oro TeKCTa, noM e iueH H oro b t c k c t Bep6a/ibHbm [YcneHCKMM 1 9 9 5 ] . npkieM CMeHbi BpeMeH /

OCT3HOBKM BpeMeHM T3K>Ke MO>KeT 6blTb M010/lb30BaHo6o3HaHeHM5i rpaHMu TeKCTa. HanpMMep, «PeBM3op» roro/ia 3aK3HHMBaeTC51 HeMOM CUeHOM, KOTOpafl OCT3HaBJlMBaeT BpeM5i m BbiCTynaeT b dpynmm paMKM: OTfle/ieHMe mm pa flaH H oro TeKCTa, mmpa KyKO/i, o t apyrM x to k c to b n x npocTpaHCTB. TaKMM o6pa30M, BK/uoneHMe b TeKCT flpyroro TeKCTa (oco6eHHO npMHafl/iewaiuero MHOMy BMfly MCKyccTBa) 0CTaH3B/iMBaeT BpeM5i m cny>KMT nepexoflOM o t BpeMeHHoro k BHeBpeMeHHOMy cymecTBOBahmK) m BOcnpMATMio flaHHoro TeKCTa.

OflHaKO 0LUM60HH0 CHMTaTb, HTO KOMMyHMK3TMBHbie M npocTpaHCTBeHhbie rpaHMUbi coBnaaaiOT TO/ibKO c Hana/iOM m kohuom TeKCTa. CaM TeKCT MO>xeT BKmonaTb c[}parMeHTbi, OTrpaHMneHHbie f lp y r o t a p y ra npocTpaHCTBeHHO m KOMMyHMKaTMBHO. 3TO MO>KeT npOMCXOflMTb 3a CHeT M Cn0Jlb30BaHM 5l M e CT 0 M M e H M 51 BTOpOTO J1 M U a , cjDMKCMpyKDiuero o 6 p a iu e H M e k c jiy w a iO L u e M y ; o6o6iueHHO-nMHHbix npeflJio>KeHMM, Mcno/ib30BaHMe Hacrofliuero aKTya/ibHoro BpeMeHM m t . fl.

B flaHHbix c/iynaflx c[}parMeHTbi TeKCTa OTrpaHMneHbi KOMMyHMKaTMBHbIMM rpaHMI43MM. 11 pOCTpaHCTBeHHble rpaHMUbi BHyTpM TeKCTa o6pa3yeT MHTepTeKCT, BK/iiOHeHHbiM B TK3 H b 06 iu e r 0 nOBeCTBOB3HM51. Hcn0Jlb30BaHM e n pocTpa HCTBeH h n x rpaHMu BHyTpM TeKCTa MO>xeT 6biTb npOfleMOHCTpMpOBaHO BBefleHMeM B TeKCT He TO/lbKO peMMHMCUeHUMM, HO M MCn0/lb30B3HMeM CjDpameHTOB, othoc5imMXC51 k apyrMM MCKyccTBam. HanpM M ep, B K0Mn03MUM0HHyi0 Opr3HM33UMK) paCCKa3a B.M. UJyKLUMHa «>KeHa My>xa b napM>K npoBO>xajia» bxo^m t cfjparMeHT BbiCTynneHM5i Ko/ibKM flapaTOBa, npocTpaHCTBeHHoe

onncai-me xoToporo npeBpamaeT Becb paccxa3 b cueHMMecKoe npon3BeAeHne. OflHOBpeMeHHO unTnpoBaHne necHM («>KeHa My>xa b napn>x npoBO>xajia») opraHM3yeT rpaHMUbi Me>KAy Bep6a/ibHbiM n My3biKa/ibHbiM TexcroM. npo6neMa Mcno/ib30BaHM5i BHeuiHnx (xoMMyHnxaTHBHbix n npocTpaHCTBeHHbix) rpaHnu BHyTpn TexcTa He cboahtca To/ibxo x MepeflOBaHMX) n c/ieAOBaHHio cjDpameHTOB, OTrpaHMMeHHbix Apyr ot Apyra pa3/inMHbiMn npneMaMn. flaHHa9\ npo6/ieMa bhahtca xax npo6/ieMa r/io 6a/ibHOH xoMno3MUMOHHon opraHM3aunM ue/ioro Texcra. PeMb MO>xeT math o MapxnpoBaHHOCTM o a h o t o Tuna rpaHnu n HeMapxnpoBaHHOCTM hjih a ia 6on OTMeneHHOCTM Apyrnx.

BHyTpeHHne rpaHMUbi TexcTa o6pa3yx)TCfl pa3HbiMM peMeBbiMM cjioamm - peHeBon napTnen noBecTBOBaTejisi m peMeBon napTnen nepcoHa>xa. npneMbi o6o3HaHeHi/m BHyTpeHhnx rpaHnu TexcTa coBnaAaiOT c npneMaMn BBeAGHHfl pa3AMHHblX 3JieMeHTOB xoMno3nunoHHO-peHeBon CTpyxTypbi - npsiMOM penn, xocBeHHon penn, BHyTpeHHen penn h MOHonornMecxoro aiOBa noBecTBOBaTe/i5i. Ka>xAaa H3 3thx peneBbix CTpyxTyp npnHaA/ie>xHT OAHOMy H3 cy6"bexTOB - noBecTBOBaTe/iio hjih nepcoHa>xy, c tomxh 3peHH5i xoToporo noAaeTca t o hjih hHoe co6biTne. HanpnMep, b paccxa3e B.M. lllyxiuHHa «fle6n/i» oueHxa rnaBHoro repoa xax Ae6n/ia hjih HHTe/i/inreHTa b ujjiane pa3HeceHa no pa3HbiM peneBbiM napTMAM. Kax<Abin peneBon cy6"bexT b paccxa3e no-CBoeMy xapaxTepn3yeT r/iaBHoro r e p o a : 0 a h 0 c e ji b m a h e 0 14 e h h b a to t e r o paBHOAyLUHO-npoHHMecxn, >xeHa roBopnT 0 HeM arpeccMBHO, ynnTenb - noxpoBMTejibCTBeHHO-BbicoxoMepHO, a caM repon nbiTaeTca onpaBAaTbca n AOxa3aTb Beem cboioCOCTOflTeJlbHOCTb.

O praH H 3aun5 i BH yTpeH H nx rp a H n u TexcTa Tax>xe He

CBOAMTC51 X JlM H eHH O M y p a 3 B e p T b l B3HHX) pa 3 /lM H H b lX

peneBbix 3/ieMeHTOB. rpaHMUbi MoryT Hac/iaMBaTbca Apyr Ha Apyra, MoryT o6o3HaHaTbca HeTxo (ncno/ib30BaHne np^Moft peMki) m/im >xe, HanpoTi/ib, MoryT 6biTb o c /ia6 /ie H b i, noABep>KeHbi peAykui/ii/i (HanpMMep, A^cxpeTHafl c|DopMa cymecTBOBaHMfl MOHO/iomHecxoro c/iOBa noBecTBOBaTe/151 b paccxa3ax B.M. LUyKiuMHa).

OnMcaHMe npMeMOB m cnoco6oB o6o3HaHeHMfl Bcex TMnOB paMOK K0Mn03MI4M0HH0M OpraHM3ai4MM TeKCTa MO>XeT craTb npeAMeTOM OTAe/ibHoro MCC/ieAOBaHMsi.

YcraHOB/ieHMe BHyTpMTexcTOBbix m BHeiuHeTexcTOBbix rpaHMLi o6yc/iOB/ieHO pâom cpaKTopoB.

Bo-nepBbix, nocxo/ibxy npo6/ieMa rpaHMu TexcTa - 3to ecTb n p o 6 /ieM a ne p e x o Aa m/im nepeBOAa M3 oahom pe a / i b H OC T M b A p y r y x ) , t o m h a /1 mmme r p a H M u o6yc/ioB/iMBaeTC5i Ha/iMMMeM AByx (m / m/im) 60/iee xoaob. TaxMM o6pa30M , rpaHMua MapxMpyeTca cmchom xoAa, xoTopbift o6yc/ioB/ieH M3MeHeHMeM BpeMeHM, npocTpaHCTBa m peMeBoro cy6bexTa. HaM6o/iee apxo 3to npocTynaeT b ApaMaTMMecxoM TexcTe c ero Ae/ieHMeM Ha agmctbm^, xapTMHbi, 9\sneHv\9\, pen/iMXM.

Bo-BTopbix, Heo6xoAMMOCTb rpaHMu o6yc/iOB/iMBaeTC5i caMoft Bxnx)HeHHOCTbX) TexcTa b ABa TMna npocTpaHCTB - xoMMyHMxaTMBHoe m xy/ibTypHoe. BbiAe/ieHMe TexcTa M3 npocTpaHCTBa Apyrnx TexcTOB, M3 xoHTexcTa, OTAe/ieHMe ero o t roBopaiAero bo3mo>xho ziMiub 6/iaroAapa o6o3HaMeHHoe™ rpaHMu TexcTa xax nsneniAn.

B-TpeTbMx, TexcT (oco6eHHO TexcT xyAO>xecTBeHhbift) ecTb MOAe/ib MMpa, ^b/i^kdlummc^ yc/iOBHbiM M3o6pa>KeHMeM 3TOM AeMCTBMTe/lbHOCTM. f l / l f l TOrO, MT06bl TeXCT CTa/1 3HaxoM, npe>xAe Bcero Hy>xHO o6o3HaMMTb ero rpaHMUbi. TaXMM 06pa30M , CaMa 3HaXOBOCTb M MOAe/l bHOCTb o6yc/iOB/iMBax)T Ha/iMMMe rpaHMu. T e x c r CTpeMMTca

Mnc|)OJiorn3npoBaTb flencTBHTe/ibHOCTb, OTo6pa>xeHHyio b

HeM. no Mbic/in KD.M. JlOTMaHa, Mnc[}onorn3npyK)Luan c|}yHKi4nn TeKcra o6ycnoB/inBaeT paMOHHOCTb H3o6pa>xeHHn, KOTopan no3BonneT MOfle/wpoBaTb yHHBepcyM b npefle/iax OTflenbHoro TexcTa.

KpoMe cjDaKTopoB, ycraHaB/inBaK)Lunx rpaHnubi TexcTa, cymecTByiOT n cpaKropbi, oxa3biBaiOLune npoTHBonono>KHoe flencTBne - pa3pyujeHne rpaHMLi reKcra.

Bo-nepBbix, 3 to BOcnpnHnMaiOLuee co3HaHne: «TexcT He Beii^b, a no3TOMy BTopoe c o 3 H a H n e , c o3 H a H n e BOcnpHHHMaKDiuero, Hnxax He/ib3n 3/inMHHnpoBaTb n/in HenTpa/in30BaTb» [BaxmH 1986, c. 301]. Tax Ha3biBaeMbin o 6 p a 3 H U T a i e / i n , Bxof lnujnn b TexcT, Heo6xof lHMO pa3pymaeT TexcTOBbie rpaHnubi: crnpaeTcn rpaHb Me>xfly TeKCTOBbIM npOCTpaHCTBOM n KOMMyHHKaTHBHblM. CaMO Ha/inHne BHyTpn TexcTa BHeuiHnx KOMMyHnxaTHBHbix rpaHnu pa3pymaeT eflkiHCTBO TexcTa. TexcT pacnaaaeTcn Ha OTfle/ibHbie Texcrbi n npeBpaiuaeTcn b KOHTexcT. HanpnMep, pe r mn x n b CTopoHy n /in o 6 pa i ue Hne x 3pnTennM b

flpaMaTHHecxoM TexcTe BbiflBnraiOT Ha nepBbin n/iaH nMeHHO 3 t h p a M O H H b i e 3 / i e M e H T b i , n p e B p a i u a n n x b

caMOCTonTenbHbin TexcT, a co6cTBeHHO Texcr craHOBnTcn nx c[}ohom, KOHTexcTOM. flpyrnM npnMepoM MO>xeT c/iy>xnTb TexcT, cjDyHKunoHnpyKDiunn b ccjDepe PR, rê o c h o b h n m

nB/ineTcn KOHTexcT, a He caM TexcT. B flaHHOM c/iynae rpaHnubi OTfle/ibHoro TexcTa - 3 to nnujb o6o3HaHeHne eiue oflHoro 3nn30fla b uenn noflo6Hbix npn co3flaHnn KOHTexcTa, xoTopbin n nB/ineTcn coo6iueHneM.

Bo-BTopbix, pa3pymaiOLunM c|DaKTopoM nB/ineTcn flna/ior Ha Bcex ypoBHnx. flna/iornHecxne TexcTbi b 3 tom CMbic/ie He nB/iniOTcn «Bno/iHe» OTfle/ibHbiMn TexcraMH. PeHb nêT o flna/iore b mnpoxoM CMbic/ie c/iOBa: flna/ior c unTaTe/ieM,

ApyrnMM TeKcraMi/i, flna/ior noBecTBOBaTe/ia n nepcoHa>Ka. no Mbic/w M.M. BaxTMHa, flByro/iocne n/in MHororo/iocne - 3to to , hto pa3pyiuaeT rpaHMUbi TexcTa n npeBpaiuaeT ero b nacTb flpyroro TexcTa. ll03T0M y npncyTCTBne b Texcre H e c o 6 c T B e H H O - n p f l M O M p e n n , f l n a / i o r n n e c K o r oMHTepCyeteKTHOrO KOMnOHeHTa K0Mn03MI4M0HH0-peHeB0M CTpyxTypbi TexcTa, flB/iaeTCfl npneMOM pa3pyiueHMn BHyTpnTexcTOBbix rpai-mu. Heco6cTBem-io-npflMafl peHb yHMHTO>xaeT peneByx) napTnx) noBecTBOBaTe/ia n peneByx) napTkix) nepcoHa>xa xax OTfle/ibHbie caMocroflTe/ibHbie TexcTbi. Bxnx)HeHMe >xe b TexcT nHTepTexcra - 3to cnoco6 pa3pyiueHMn BHeniHeTexcTOBbix rpai-inu.

B-TpeTbkix, M3MeHeHkie n/in p a 3pyujei-me rpai-inu o 6yc/iOB/inBaeTCfl c|)yHKi4nen. H anpnM ep, Bep6a/ibHbin flpaMaTnnecKnn TexcT n TeaTpa/ibHaa nocTaHOBxa 3Toro TexcTa, HappaTkiBHbiki TexcT n ero Kni-iocueHapnn 5iB/i5iK3TC5i OTfle/ibHbiMki TexcTa mm n/in nacTbX) apyroro TexcTa. Cx)fla >xe othocmtc5i npo 6/ieM a cooTHOUjeHi/m nepBkiHHoro n BTopnHHoro TexcTOB. HanpnM ep, TexcT HanenaTaHHoro r a 3 e T H o r o MHTepBbX) - c o a h o m c t o p o h n , 3 t o caMOCTO^TenbHbin TexcT, c flpyron CTpoHbi - nacTb ue/ioro npouecca MHTepBbX), npouecca npeo6pa30BaHkm ycm oro TexcTa b nncbMeHHbin n t . fl.

B-neTBepTbix, CTpeM/ieHne pa3pyiunTb rpai-mubi TexcTOBoro npocTpah c tb 3 o6yc/iOB/ieHO CTpeM/ieHneM c6/in3MTb M3o6pa>xaeMbin Mnp n pea/ibHbin Mnp. 3 to crpeM/ieHne nepeHecTn oBtfla-rnKDLuyK) MOê/ib Mnpa b caM Mnp.

Ha/innne flByx TeHfleHunn b opraHM3aunn TexcTa roBopnT 06 OTHOcnTe/ibHOCTn Bcex TexcTOBbix rpaHkiu. CocyiuecTBOBaHne oflHOBpeMem-io flByx npoTMBono/io>xHbix TeHfleHunn no3BOJiaeT roBopnTb 0 TexcronopoKflaxDruen

cJoyHKUMM opraHM3aunM / pa3pymeHMn rpaHMu TexcTa. K ohc |d /im kt Mewfly stmmm flByMn TeHfleH 141/mmi/i co3flaeT oco6oe kommyHMKdTMBHoe Hanpx>KeHMe Mewfly hmmm b

CTpyxType TexcTa, KOTopoe npMBOflMT k TOMy, h t o

o6o3HaHeHkie rpaHMu TexcTa ecTb oflHOBpeMeHHO m mx pa3pymeHMe. Tax, npM paccMOTpeHMM TexcTa paccxa3a B.M. LUyxiiJMHa «>KeHa Mywa b napMw npoBO>xa/ia» xax cueHMHecxoro fleMCTBMn («KOHuepT» Ko/ibKM napaTOBa) pa3pymaeTcn npocTpaHCTBO «paccxa3a» 0 >xm3hm m CMepTM Ko/ibKM napaTOBa. CyTb we KOMMyHMxaTMBHoro HanpnweHMn b nparMaTMHecxoM opraHM3ai4MM TexcTa c o c to m t b to m , h to

rpaHMUbi TexcTa ecTb nepexofl o t oflHoro TexcTa k flpyroMy m oflHOBpeMeHHoe pa3pymeHMe oflHoro TexcTa m co3flaHMe Apyroro TexcTa. Ha rpaHMue B03HMxaeT cyMMnpoBaHne HMTaTenbcxoro BoenpnnTMn [YcneHCKMM 1995], t . e. CMHTe3 flByx m/im 60/iee BnenaT/ieHMM 0 TexcTe xax Bep6a/ibHOM m

HeBep6 a/lbHOM (M306pa3MTe/ lbH0M, My3blKa/lbHOM, CUeHMHeCKOM M T. f l. ) .

TpaHMUbi TexcTa, c oahom CTopoHbi, xapaxTepM3yx)Tcn neTKOM o n e p n e H H O C T b i o . C f l p y r o f i c t o p o h n ,

O T H O C M T e / l b H O C T b l O . T 3 K 3 9\ 3 M 6m B a / i e H T H O C T b MX

K0M n03M UM 0HH0r0 OC|)OpM/ieHMfl 0 6 "bflCHfleTCfl Ha/lMHMeM

flB y x co3HaHMM b TexcTe - ro B o p n if le ro m c /iyw a iO L fle ro , m

c/ieflO BaTe/ibHO, f lB y x /iMHHOCTeM - axTya/ibHOM TexcTOBOM

/IMHHOCTM aB Topa M nOTeHflMa/lbHOM /IMHHOCTM HMT3Te/m

(o6pa3a a flp e ca T a ). H TaxMM o6pa30M , rpaHMUbi TexcTa ecTb

oflMH M3 cjDaxTopoB, n p e f ln o / ia ra io if lM x MHOwecTBeHHOCTb

MHTepnpeTauMM TexcTa m MHOwecTBeHHOCTb MHTepnpeTauMM

COOTHeCeHHOCTM TeKCTa M KOHTeKCTa.

r p a H M U b i T e K C T a C 0 3 f l a i 0 T B 0 3 M 0 W H 0 C T b

KOHCTpyMpOBaHMn He TO/lbKO MHOWeCTBa MHTepnpeTauMM

flaHHOrO TeKCTa, HO H 3aflaK)T MHO>KeCTBO K0Mn03HI4H0HHblX

opraHM3aunM.

n p e c y n n o 3 M M M 5 i K a K e f l i iH H M a n p a m a T i m e c K o r o

y p o B H f l T e K C T a . T e K C T y c T p o e H t 3 k h m o 6 p a 3 0 M , h t o

H a p a f ly c o CBefleHi/m M i/i, K O Topbie b HeM coo6iuaK )TC 5i b

flBHOM CjDOpMe, OH CO flep>KH T H T 3 K y K ) MHC[}OpMai4 MK),

k o to p y to HMTaTe/ib flo/i>KeH M3B/ieHb, n p o n f la n e p e 3 u e n o n x y

y M 0 3 a K / iK ) H e H M M . f lp y r k iM M c / i O B a M n , b T e K C T e e c T b

CBeaeHkm, n f le n , Bbipaw eHHbie H esKcnjinunTH O , n H o rf la 3Ta

H e s K c n / i M U M T H O C T b B 0 3 B 0 f l M T C 5 i b p a H r n p n e M a

(ny6nm4MCTMHecKMki, xyflo>KecTBeHHbiM t c k c t ) . CoBpeMeHH35i

j iM HrB M C TM K a n o x a H e B n o / iH e MO>xeT o n n c a T b c e p k n o

flencTBMM, KOTopbie 6 e 3 T p y a a o c y iu e c T B /ia e T c n y u ia io iu n n

[ n a f ly n e B a 1996], h o H eK O Topbin a n n a p a T Ha 3 t o t c n e T

c y iu e c T B y e T , n H a n 6 o/ib iiJHki n H T e p e c b c b a 3 h c 3 t h m

Bbi3biBaeT noH5iTMe n p e c y n n o 3 n u n n . n p e c y n n o 3 n u k m - 3 to

TaKOM 3 /ieM eH T TeKCTa, KOTopbin He y T B e p ^ a e T c a , a KaK 6 bi

n p e f l n o / i a r a e T c a n 3 B e c m b iM 3 a p a H e e . n p e c y n n o 3 n u k m

ocH O B biB aeTca j ih 6 o Ha cjDOHOBbix 3H3HM51X c /iyw aK D Luero ,

j ih 6 o Ha M H c[}opM ai4 MM, y>xe n o n e p r iH y T O M ki3 T e K C T a .

C / ie f lO B a T e / ib H O , m o>kho ro B o p i / iT b o a o r e K C T O B b ix ki

reKCTOBb/x n p e c y n n o 3 n u k m x .

npecynno3kiukiki pa3/inHaK)TC5i no cy6"beKTHOki npkiHafl/ie>KHOCTki: a ) aBropcKMe, 6 ) vMTare/ibCKMe, b )

nepcoHa>KHbie. B paMKax oflHoro A3biKOBoro BbipaweHkm MoryT coBMeiuaTbC5i Hecxo/ibKO cy6"beKTHbix npecynno3nunki, a MoryT ki pacxoflkiTbca. 3 t o CB5i3aHO c npoflB/ieHkieM OTHOCkiTe/ibHoro Kpyro3opa aBTopa, HkiTaTe/ia ki nepcoHa>Ka, kix OTHOCkiTe/ibHOki ocBeflOM/ieHHOcrn ki nponcxoflfliunx co6biTkmx. B oflHkix c/iynaflx aBTop o6/iaflaeT a6co/iK)THbiM 3HaHkieM o nponcxoflfliunx co6biTkmx, a o t HkiTaTe/ia f lo

onpefle/ieHHoro BpeMeHki KaKkie-TO o6cTOflTe/ibCTBa MoryT 6biTb cxpbiTbi, Kpyro3op >xe nepcoHawen eiue 6o/iee

orpaHMHeH. B Apyrnx c/iyHaax aBTop co3HaTe/ibHO Ha/iaraeT onpefleueHHbie orpaHnneHkm Ha cboh 3HaHkm, npn 3tom oh MO>KeT H He 3HaTb TOTO, HTO M3BeCTHO OTfle/lbHblM nepcoHa>xaM. Mo>xeT 6biTb c/iyHan orpaHnneHkm xpyro3opa aBTopa no OTHOiueHkiK) k xpyro3opy HHTaTe/m [YcneHCXkin 1 9 9 5 ] .

npecynno3kiukiki pa3/iHHax)TCfl b 3aBkickiMOCTki o t hx crpyKTypHOki 3HaHkiMOCTki b Texcre ki hocat cooTBeTCTBeHho / WKa/ibHbiM ki/iki r/ioda/ibHb/M x a p a x T e p . J loxa/ibH bie npecynno3kiukiki 3aTparkiBax)T To/ibxo oaho Bbicxa3biBaHkie TexcTa, ohm 3HankiMbi To/ibxo /\nn AaHHoro npeA/io>xeHkm ki/iki ero nacTki. Tax>xe x Jioxa/ibHbiM npecynno3kiukmM othocatca Te, xoTopbie 3HaHkiMbi /\nn c|)parMeHTa TexcTa. HaxoHeu r/io 6a/ibHbie npecynno3kiukiki pe/ieBaHTHbi /\nn Bcero TexcTa - 3to /iki6o o6o3HaneHkie o6iAero dpona x TeMe coo6iAeHkm, /iki6o CTpyxTypHO 3HankiMbie npecynno3kiukiki, Ha XOTOpbIX CTpOHTCfl X0Mn03HUH51 TeXCTa.

1/lTax, npamaTkiHecxaa opraHH3aunfl TexcTa 3aAaeTca penpe3eHTaukieki b HeM (TexcTe) AByx dpvwyp - roBopfliuero ki c/iywaiOLAero - ki TeM Hanpa>xeHkieM, xoTopoe co3AaeTca 6/iaroAapa kix B3akiMOAencTBmo. Tax>xe npamaTHHecxaa CTpyxTypa TexcTa pea/in3yeTC5i b oc[)opM/ieHkiki TexcTOBbix rpaHkiu (npocTpaHCTBeHHbix ki xoMMyHkixaTkiBHbix, BHeniHkix ki BHyTpeHhkix) ki caMkiM npoueccoM opraHki3aukiki / pa3pyweHkm TexcTOBbix rpaHkiu.

BblBOflbl

1 . TexcT xax ycTponcTBO 3HaxoBoro x ap a x T e pa 0 6 / i a A a e T p ^ a o m n p k i 3 H a x o B : Bbipa>xeHHOCTbio, OTrpaHkineHHOCTbio, crpyxTypHOCTbio. Kax CTpyxTypa TexcT kiepapxkinecxki opraHki30BaH, npn 3tom napaAHmaTHHecxaa kiepapxkiHHOCTb coctoht b Bbin/ieHeHkiki eAkiHkiu ki ypoBHen,

cocraB/iflKDLUHx TexcT, a CHHTamaTMMecKafl nepapxMMHOCTb ycraHaB/iHBaeT Me>xfly ypoBHfl mh TexcTa OTHOLuem/m 3KBMBa/ieHTHOCTM.

2. TexcT xax noc/ ie f lOBaTe/ i bHOCTb 3HaxoB npeflCTaBJiaeT co 6on reTeporeHHoe AB/ieHne, mto npoflB/iaeTCfl b ncno/ib30BaHnn b Texcre 3HaxoB pa3Hbix TnnoB (nHflexcoB, chmbojiob, hkoh h MeTa3HaxoB) n b 3aKOAnpoBaHHoe™ TexcTa xax miahiamym flByMn 5i3bixaMM. TeTeporeHHOCTb TexcTa craHOBHTca ero npHHunnna/ibHbiM KaMeCTBOM.

3. B TexcTe Bbifle/iflxrrcfl Tpn Tuna opraHH3aunn - K O H C T p y x T M b h a 5i , c e m a H T H M e c x a s i H KOMMyHMKaTMBHO-nparMaTMMecKaa. O c h o b o m KOHCTpyxTnBHon oprai-m3ai4nn TexcTa AB/iaeTCfl cbomctbo m ji e h h m o c th , TexcT Tax>xe 0 6 / i a f l a e T A B y M n B3aHMOfleHCTByK)LUHMH npM3HaxaMH - CBfl3HOCTbK) H Ue/lOCTHOCTbK) H CTpOHTCfl B COOTBeTCTBH H C flByMfl npnHunnaMn - cnHTarMaTnMecxnM n napaflnrMaTMMecKMM. CeMaHTnMecKoe npocTpaHCTBO TexcTa onncbiBaeTca AByMfl CT3TM MeCKM M M MOfle/ l f lMH - f leHOTaTMBHOH H K O H u e n T y a / i b H o n C T p y x T y p o n . KoMMyHMKaTHBHO-nparMaTMMecKMM ypoBeHb TexcTa opraHM3yeTC5i cjDnrypon r o B o p a m e r o n cjDHrypon c/iyujaxDiuero, npoaB/iaeTCfl b BbicrpanBaHnn BHyTpeHHnx n BHeuiHnx rpaHnu TexcTa, a Tax>xe 3aflaeTca flenxTMHecKMMM, 3roueHTpnMecKHMn n npecynno3HTnBHbiMH TexcTOBbiMn 3/ieMeHTaMM.

4. TexcT npeflCTaeT xax «c/io>KHoe ycrponcTBO, x p a H f l u j e e m Horo o 6 p a 3H b i e xof l b i , c n o c o 6 Hoe TpaHcejDopMnpoBaTb no/iynaeMbie coo6meHi/m n nopo>KAaTb HOBbie, xax HHc|DopMauHOHHbiH reHepaTop, o6naAax)LUHH MepTaMn MHTe/uiexTyajibHon /inMHOCTn» [JloTMaH 2002, c.

162]. AqpecaT He fleLui/ic|)pyeT Texcr, a o6iuaeTCfl c TexcroM: «npOI4eCC AeLUMCjDpOBXM TeXCTa Hpe3BbNaMHO yC/10>XHfleTCfl, TepaeT c b o m OAHOxpaTHbift m xoHeMHbift xapaxTep, npM6/iM>xaflCb x 3HaxoMbiM HaM axTaM ceMMOTMMecxoro 06lAeHM51 MeUOBexa C Apyroft aBTOHOMHOM JlMHHOCTbX)» [JloTMaH 2002 c. 162]. npouecc aglumcIdpobxm 3aMeHaeTCfl xoMMyHMxaTMBHbiM HanpsweHMeM.

5. KoMMyHMxaTMBHoe H a n p s w e H M e b T e x c r e co 3A aeTca

He T o /ib x o 6 / ia r o A a p a B3aMMOAeftcTBMX) pa3Hbix craTM HecxM x

M OAe/ieft onM caHM e T e xcT a BHyTpM O A H oro M3 T p e x tm iio b

e r o opraHM 3auM M , ho m 6 / ia r o A a p a B3aMMHOMy npMTfl>xeHMio

m O T T a /ix M B a H M K ) T p e x OCHOBHbIX C T p y x T y p H b ix TM IIOB

OpraHM3ai4MM T e xcT a - XOHCTpyXTMBHOM, CeMaHTMMeCXOM M

n p a m a T M H e c x o M . K o M M y H M x a T M B H o e H a n p a > x e H M e

o 6 e c n e M M B a e T a h H a m m x y T e x c T a , C 0 3 A a e T t m 6 xmm

CMblCUOnOpO>XAaX)LAMM M e x a H M 3 M M B XOHeMHOM CM eTe

o6ecneM M B aeT >xM3Hb T e x c ra .

3 a f la H H 5 i

1. floxa>xMTe cjDaxT reTeporeHHOCTM TexcTa ( 1 ) : (B .

lle/ieBMH «ncMXMMecxa5i aiaxa (CoHeT)» m (2): (Jl. Y/iMuxafl «CMacT/iMBbie»). OAHHaxoBa jim npMpoAa reTeporeHHOCTM AaHHbIX TeXCTOB?

2. npoaHa/iM3MpyMTe cpeACTBa c b s b h o c t m b Texcrax (2): (Ko3bMa npyTxoB «npoexT o BHeApeHMM eAMHOMbicriMfl b P o c c m m » ) m ( 3 ) : (M. UBeTaeBa « * * * (B . nacrepHaxy) PaccT05iHMe: Bepcrbi, m m / i m . . .» ) . ConocraBbTe no/iyMeHHbie pe3y/ibTaTbi. HaftAHTe b AaHHbix TexcTax cpeACTBa, o6ecneMMBax)LAMe ue/ibHOCTb TexcTa.

3. OriMLUMTe ceMaHTMMecxoe npocTpaHCTBO TexcTa (4): (A.n. HexoB «Heo6xoAMMoe npeAMcnoBMe»).

4. n p o a H a /in 3 n p y n T e BHeiui-m e BHyTpem -ine rpa i-m ub i

TexcTa (5): (T. T o /ic ra a «C npeH b»).

5. O n p e f le n n T e cp e ^C T B a / iO K a / in 3 a u n n a B T o p a b

T e xc re (6): (M. 3omeHKO «ApncTO xpaTKa»).

fsiaBa 4

TEKCT B ETO OTHOIUEHIM K

flEMCTBMTE/lbHOCTM IITEKCTAM

4.1. OCHOBHbie nOHBTMB

B vnase paccMaTpnBaiOTcn OTHOineHnn TexcTa x flencTBnTenbHOCTu n TexcTaM. PaccMOTpeHne nx onnpaeTcn Ha xaTeropnx) aBOxaunn, BbiCTynaKDiuen ad hoc pea/in3aunen xoMMyHnxamBHOCTn TexcTa.

OTHOLueHMe reKcra k flencTBMTenbHOCTH (b y3X0M CMbicne: 6e3 Bx/iKDHeHnn b Hee tcxctob) TpaflnunoHHO oueHnBaeTcn xax OTpa>xeHne TexcTOM flencTBHTe/ibHOCTn. Hctoxom 3Ton Tpa^nunn nB/ineTcn yneHne ApncroTe/in - o MHMecnce (noflpa>xaHnn) xax cyiuHOcm no33nn n o npeflMeTe opaiopcxoro BbicryrmeHnn. B o6onx cnynanx peHb HfleT 06 OTpa>xeHnn xax cooTBeTCTBnn TexcTa flencTBnTe/ibHOMy Mnpy, ycTaHaB/inBaeMOM aBTopoM (pnTopoM).

CoBpeMeHHan xoMMyHnxamBHan n p a x m x a c B03pocujen cy6"bexTnBai4nen x o M M y H n x a m B H o n flenTe/ibHOcm n pa3BHBax)Luencn HHTepTexcryajibHOCTbK), TexcTaMn flexoHcrpyxunn n cjDaHTacTnHecxon /wTepaTypon, « rpn3Hbi Mn» npef lBbi6opHbiMn TexHO/ iornnMn c aflexBaTHbiMn TexcTaMn n t . n. He no3BO/ineT BHfleTb

OTpa>xeHne flencTBHTe/ibHOcrn bo MHornx coBpeMeHHbix TexcTax n/in, bo bcakom c/iynae, npeano/iaraeT 6o/iee ocTopo>KHbie cy>KfleHH5i 06 OTpa>xeHnn. npnBefleM (6e3 KOMMeHTapneB) Tpn noKa3aTe/ibHbix ctuxotbophnx TexcTa n3 noflOopxn ctuxob coBpeMeHHoro noaTa 1/1. AxMeTbeBa, ony6/inKOBaHHbix b >xypHa/ie «HoBbin Mnp» (2001. N° 5):

* * *

pe>xb

Ma>xb

eiub* * *

He 3flecb

TO eCTb

He cennac

n He cpa3y

HO 06fl3aTe/lbH0

* * *

>KH3Henpi/m3HeHHOCTb

60l~060fl3HeHH0CTb.

V lM e n b Bkifly n s n e n i A n b ccjDepe coBpeMeHHon 3anaflHon zikiTepaTypbi, l/l.n. 1/1 nbnh c conyBCTBneM unTnpyeT Bpyx-Poy3, KOTopaa He 6e3 ocHOBaHnn no/iaraeT, hto pyxHy/ia crapas «MHMeTHHecxa5i Bepa b pec|)epeHi4nanbHbin fl3bix», t. e. b ^3bix, cnocoOHbin npaBflnBO, n flocTOBepHO nepeâBaTb flencTBi/rre/ibHOCTb n roBopnTb normy 0 Hen

[M /ibHH 1 9 9 6 , c. 2 3 1 ] . 3 tm c|DaKTbi M oryT 6 biTb o 6 "bncHeHbi,

e c / ik i O T H O L u e H i/ ie T e x c T a k f l e k ic T B k iT e j i b H O C T k i

KBa/ii/ic(d 1/1141/ ip o B a T b x a x npeo6pa30BaHne e e T e x c T O M ,

o c y iflecT B /m eM o e roBopniflkiM ki c/iywaiOLHkiM.

B o / ie e t o t o , ki caM O n o H A T k ie fleM C TB kiTe /ibH O C Tki

H y w fla e T c n b K o p p e x T k ip o B x e . Ec/iki Ha 6 a 3 e n o cT y /iaT O B

O T e H e c T B e H H O k i cjDki/iococtDkiki H e f l a / i e x o r o n p o w / i o r o

A e k ic T B k iT e n b H O C T b O T O W fle c T B /m /ia c b c o 6 "beKTkiBHOki

pea/ibHO CTbio, ki/iki M a iepk iek i, t o H enpeflB 3srroe ocM bic/ieH kie

T o r o , c HeM CBA3aHbi T e x c T b i, npkiBO flkiT k B biB O fly , h t o

AekicTBkiTe/ibHOCTb n p e f lc ra e T x a x t o ki3 T o ro , h t o ecTb , c

HeM CBSBaH TeKCT. C p . XOT9\ 6 bl KOHCTpyKTbl, C 03flaH H bie B

jik rre p a T y p e coukia/ik iC TkiH ecxoro pea /ik i3M a x a x O Tpaw eH kie

AekicTBkiTenbHOCTki, ho b e e «peBO /noukiO HHO M pa3BkiTkin»

(cm . poM aH bi, H a n p n M e p , B. KoneTO Ba, r . M a p x o B a ki f lp .) ;

c p . T a x w e o t h o l u e H k in M e w f ly T e x c T a M k i c / iy x o B ki

fleMCTBMTenbHOCTbK).

f le k ic T B H T e /ib H O C T b B K /n o n a e T b c e 6 n ki A B /ie H i/m ,

n p e flM e T b i, n p o u e c c b i, O THO ineHkm t . a . , cymecTByKDLflkie

H e3aB kick iM O o t n e /iO B e x a ki f la H H b ie e M y b o n b iT e , ki

A B JieH km , n p e f lM e T b i, n p o u e c c b i, O TH O ineH km co 3H a H k m

ne /iO B exa x a x npeflnocbm xki e ro fle flT e /ib H O c m , x a x H a n a /ia

KOHCTpykipoBaHkm ne/iO B exoM «M k ip a» , C03flaHkm c m n c /io b , ki

C03flaH H bie neno B exoM M bic/ii/rre/ibH bie KO HCTpyx™ - cxeM bi,

C T p y K T y p b i , K O H u e n T b i . l l 0 3 T 0 M y p a 3 / i k i H a e T c n

AekicTBkiTenbHOCTb c|Dki3kiHecKan, nckixkinecxan , co uk ia /ib H an ;

/lo rk in e c x a n ki kiCTopkinecxan; o 6 "beKTkiBHan ki cy 6 "beKTkiBHan;

p e a /ib H a n ki B biM biw /ieH H an ki f lp . Kawflbiki KOHxpeTHbiki TexcT

M O W e T C O O T H O C k l T b C n C p a 3 / l kl H H bl M kl B k l f l a M k l

AekicTBkiTenbHOCTki ki/iki pa3HbiMki kix « H a 6 opaM ki».

O THO LueHM e re K c ra k /jp y r n M TeKCTaM TpaflkiukiOHHO

paccM aTpkiB aeTcn x a x f lk ia /io rk N e c x o e (M.M. B axTkiH ), a b

n o c /ie flH e e BpeMn x a x n H T e p T e x c ry a /ib H o e . H.A. Ky3 bMHHa,

o O o O m n B iu a n 6 o /ib iu o n o O te M /in T e p a T y p b i n o n p o 6 / ie M e

n h T e p T e x c T y a / i b h o c t h , O T M e n a e T , h t o

« M H T e p T e x c T y a / i b H O C T b - 3 t o M a p x n p o B a H H a n

o n p e f le / ie H H b iM n n 3 b ix o B b iM n c n m a / ia M n „ n e p e x / in H x a "

T e x c T O B . C y A f l n o c n n c x y jin T e p a T y p b i, B x n x )H a x )iu e M y

317 h c to h h u x o b , ochobhom TexcT u n T n p o B a H H o ro H ayH H oro

c o H H H e i-m fl n e p e x / in x a e T c n n o x p a n H e n M e p e c 317 H a y H H b iM n T e x c T a M n . n p n B e f le M (b x o H T e x c T e p a 6 oTbi

ynoM 5iH yToro a B T o p a ) «3 axa B b iH eH H yx )» u n T a T y - o a h h n3

H a n 6 o / i e e p a c n p o c T p a H e H H b i x n H T e p T e x c T y a / i b H b i x

x o m n o H e H T O B b H a y H H O M T e x c T e : « n p o u e c c b i ,

n p o n c x o A n m n e b j in H rB n c rn x e , A O x a 3b iB a x rr H en 36e>xH o e

n e p e M e i u e H n e c | )o x y c a o O m e c T B e H H o r o m H e H n n c ecTecTB eH H bix H ay x Ha H ayxn o n e /iO B e x e , cp eA n xo To pb ix

Ha nepBOM M ecTe o x a3b iB ae T cn j in H rB n c rn x a , n3ynax)LA an

„cp eA O creH n e H e/iO B enecxo n c y m - n3bix" [K n 6 p n x 1995, c. 219]» [K y 3 bMHHa 1999, c. 19-20].

O T H O i u e H n n T e x c T O B x A p y r n M T e x c T a M , n / i n

M e>xTexcTO Bbie O T H O iu eH n n , 6 o r a n e n c /io > x H e e , neM 3 t o

« n p e f l y c M O T p e H O » T e o p n e n n H T e p T e x c T y a / i b H O C T n .

B o -n e p B b ix , T e x c T MO>xeT 6 biTb o n n c a H b O T H O iu eH n n x x

A p yrn M TexcTaM no zinHnnM ro B o p n m e ro n /in c /iy iu a x )L u ero

(T e x c T h o b o t o p o M a H a Jl . Y / i n u x o n b O T H O i u e H n n x

o n y O / i n x o B a H H b i m p a H e e ; T e x c T x o H x p e T H o r o

n p e f l B b i O o p H o r o n / i a x a T a b e r o O T H O iu e H n n x n H b i M

n o flo O H b iM , a f lp e c o B a H H b iM o n p e f le / ie H H o n x a T e r o p n n

cuyiuax)LA nx n t . a . ) , TeM bi, c tn /m , >xaHpa n AP-, b n /ia H e

3B O /ix )unn (x a x n c ro p n n e ro nopo>XAeHnn n /in ncTopnn e ro

n o H n M a H n n ) n AP- B o - b t o p n x , 3 t o O T H O iu e H n n T e x c T a

n 3 b ix o B o ro x T e x c T a M H en3b ixoB biM (b /ln H rB n c T n n e c x o M

C M b ic /ie ) . B . B . B n H o r p a A O B b p a O o T e o n o B e c T n A.C. f ly iu x n H a « f ln x o B a n A a M a » p a c c M a T p n B a e T O T H O iu eH n n

TexcTa noBecTi/i x CMMBO/iMxe xapT, CMMBO/iMxe Mrpbi m AP- HeM3blXOBblM (HO - CeMMOTMMeCXMM!) TeXCTaM [BMHOrpaAOB 1980]. Eiue OAHa M/i/ix)crpai4MM: commhchmm no xapTMHe xaxpa3HOBMAHOCTb COMMHeHMM B npaXTMXe pa3BMT MM peMM yMaiAMxca.

1/lTaX, TeXCT HaXOAMTCM B OTHOLUeHMMX X TeXCTaM xax CeMMOTMMeCXMM 06pa30BaHMMM. OTHOLUeHMM TexcTa X AeMCTBMTe/ibHOCTM m ApyrMM TexcTaM - Ba>xHeMiuee yc/ioBMe ero cyiAecTBOBaHMM. B 3tom otholuchmm npoMB/iMeTCM ero xoMMyHMxaTMBHaM npMpoAa m cyiAHOCTb. Oh nepecraeT 6biTb BMecTM/iMLAeM «cnMLAMx CMbicuoB» (>K. fleppMAa). Oh «npocbinaeTCM», «o>xMBaeT», craHOBMTCM paBHonpaBHbiM xoMnoHeHTOM cpeAbi, Bn/iOTb ao Mrpbi c tobopmlamm m cuymax)LAMM. CMbic/i TexcTa 6/iaroAapM 3tmm otholuchmmm ycraHaB/iMBaeTCM tobopmlamm m c/iyiuaK)LAMM b pe3y/ibTaTe noMcxa m conpM>xeHMM otbotob Ha c/ieAyx)LAMe Bonpocbi: Hto cxa3aHO b TexcTe? Hto cxa3a/i tobopmlamm? KaxoB CMbicu, ycMOTpeHHbift b TexcTe cnyiuax)LAMM?

1/lTaX, AeMCTBMTe/lbHOCTb M TexcTbi, 6yAyHM npeo6pa30BaHHbiMM b Aahhom TexcTe, CTa hobmtcm cjDaxTopoM cyiAecTBOBaHMM AaHHoro TexcTa, a oh, b cbox) OMepeAb, npeBpaiAaeTCM b pbinar npeo6pa30BaHMM AeMCTBMTe/ibHOCTM M APyrMX TeXCTOB, B C|)aXTOp, C/iy>XaLAMM nopo>xAeHMX) hobnx TexcTOB. TaxoBbi, HanpMMep, uenoMXM TexcTOB, npeo6pa3yx)LAMx «oamh m t o t >xe» c|DparMeHT AeftcTBMTe/ibHOCTM: noBecTb Rnn xmho - xMHOCueHapMM - pa6oMMe MaTepMa/ibi - xMHOc|}M/ibM, noBecTb /aim TeaTpa - nbeca - pa6oMMM MaTepMa/i - cnexTax/ib (uenoMXM M3 TexcTOB TBopnecTBa B.M. UJyxLUMHa).

OTHOLUeHMe TexcTa X AeMCTBMTe/lbHOCTM M TexcTaM Bbipa>xaeTCM xaTeropMeft 3BoxauMM, xoTopaM npeAcraB/iMeT co6oft pea/iM3auMX) xoMMyHMaTMBHOcm TexcTa.

noHsrme 3B0xaunn, pa3pa6oTaHHoe b [HyBaxi/iH 1995] Ha MaTepna/ie xyflo>xecTBeHHOH peni/i, b flaHHOM c/iynae pacnpocrpaHaeTCfl Ha xoMMym/ixauHX) b ue/iOM. 3BOxaukm xax oflkiH n3 ypoBHen xoMMyHnxaTnBHon flesiTe/ibHOCTH ro B o p a iu e ro n c /iy u jax )L u e ro n p e flC T aB /ia e T c o 6on c n e u n c | ) H H e c x y x ) f l e ^ T e / i b H O C T b H o m o l o q u e n s , c o f l e p > x a H n e M x o T o p o n f lB/ i aeTCf l p e a / i n 3 a u n f l penpe3eHTaTHBHon cjDyHxunn si3bixa nocpeflCTBOM TexcTa b

C H T y a u k i a x x o m M y H n x a T k i B H o n f l e s i T e / i b H O C T H . O H a

o6ecneHHBaeT npeo6pa30Baie/ibHbm xapaxTep OTHOUjem/m TexcTa x flencTBkiTe/ibHOCTn n apyri/iM TexcTaM. 1/lHane roBopa, 3BOxaui/m ecTb oahh n3 6a30Bbix MexaHH3MOB x o M M y H n x a u n n - b h y t p e h h si si c o c T a s n n x) u \ a n xoMMyHnxaTnBHon flesiTe/ibHOCTH Homo Loquens (xax eflkiHCTBa ne/iOBexa roBopsuuero n ne/iOBexa c/iywaxDLuero), O T B e H a x ) i n a 5 i 3a 3 a f l a n y x o H C T p y n p o B a H n a flencTBnTenbHOCTu (b t o m Hnc/ie n Bbipa>xeHHon b 3Haxax) b

TexcTe , b pe 3 y / i bTaTe Hero po>xflaeTCfl TexcTOBaa flencTBkiTe/ibHOCTb [Bacm ieHxo, 0>xMeroBa, CaBOHxi/ma, Cum, HyBaxnH 2007, c. 84]

SBOxaunoHHaa fle^Te/ibHOCTb Bx/ix)HaeT b ce6a c/ie flyx)iune xo mnoHeHTbi: 1) npeflMeTHbie: oOtexT 3BOxaunn, cpeflCTBO 3BOxaunn, npoayxT 3BOxaunn; 2) npoueccya/ibHbin: npoqecc 3BOxaunn.

PacxpoeM coflep>xaHne Ha3BaHHbix xoMnoHeHTOB n npnBeêM n/i/ix)CTpaTHBHbm MaTepna/i no pe3y/ibTaTaM ncc/ieflOBaHkm CM. Be3HepoM peneBoro >xaHpa «6panHoe o6'b5iBneHnn» [Be3Hep 2008 ]. TexcTOBon npi/mep: 3/jpaBCTByMre. OveHb xoyercx Bepnrb, vto b stom donbLiJOM MMpe ecTb to t e/jMHCTBeHHbw, 6ea Bpe/jHbix npMBbmex, Hecy/jMMbiM, /jodpbiM, onpnTHbin, odecneveHHbiM yenoBex He crapLue 460 /ieT, Kowpbin no kokhm-iwOo npiMHHaM cennac o/jhhok> ho TO>xe MMeeT orpoMHoe yxenaHHe CTponTb c

flocroMHbiM venoBeKOM cBoe ceMeMHoe cvacrbe Ha ocHOBe /ihd6bm, /jo6pa, MCKpeHHOCTM m nopu/jo'-LHOCTH. Ilepee3/j B03M0>KeH. AHHa, r . Om ck, re/i.***(Mon ceMbn. 2007. N° 7).

06"beKTOM 3BOxaunn nB/ineTcn s e n flencrBnTe/ibHOCTb,

BK/iiOHan KOMMyHHKaTHBHyK), ceM noTnnecxyK ), T excro B yx),

M b ic /in T e /ib H b ie K O H C T p y k tn , o t h o lu e H n n c o 3 H a H n n

H e /io B e x a . PaccM O TpeH ne fle n c T B n T e /ib H o c rn b xaH ecTB e

o6"beKTa 3B O K au n n 0 3 H a H a e T « n e p e H e c e H n e » ee (T .r. BnHOxyp) b TexcT n n p e fln o /ia ra e T ee c[DparMeHTnpoBaHne,

c e / i e K u n o H n p o B a H n e , o q e H x y n n o c / i e f l y x ) m ee KOHCTpynpoBaHne o O te x T a 3BO xaunn. o e t e x T 3BO xaunn b

T e x c T a x 6 p a H H b i x o 6 " b n B / i e H n n - H e o c / i o > K H e H H a n

xom nTkiBHan o n n o 3n u n n My>xcKoro n >xeHCxoro TeHflepHbix

KOHUenTOB.

CpeflCTBOM 3BOxaunn BbiCTynaeT ecrecTBeHHbin n3bix

x a x «cpeflCTBO x a T e ro p n 3 a u n n n n H T e p n p e T a u n n » (3 .

BeHBeHncT) o G te x T a 3BOxaunn b TexcTe. U eH Tpa/ibH bie

o n n o 3 n u n n , Ha xoTopbix 6a3npyeTcn (J)yHKunoHnpoBaHne

cpeflCTB 3BOxaunn, nponcrexaiOT n3 axTMBHon po/in Homo Loquens n ecTecTBeHHoro sBbixa. B ccjDepe xyqo>xecTBeHHon

3 B O xau n n , H a n p n M e p , 3 t o o n n o 3 n u n n o6ujeH3biKOBoe:

MH/jMBM/jya/ibHO-aBTopcKoe, onpene/inKDLuan h c to h h h k , n3

xoToporo roB opnu jnn n a iyw aiO Lunn nepnaiO T cpe^CTBa

3BO xaunn n n paB n na x a T e ro p n 3 a u n n n n H T ep n p eT aq n n

oO texTa 3BOxaunn; CBoe: wywoe, fleTepMHHnpyx)Luan cnoco6

npeflCTaB/ieHnn, n /in «Bl/lfleHnn» (B. ryM 6o /ib flT ), oO texTa

3B O x au n n : H enocpeflC TB eH H O o t ro B o p n u je ro n / n /in

c/iym aiOLuero - nepe3 xaTeropnio noBecTBOBaTe/in n -nn n

p ac c x a 3 H n x a n /in onocpeflO B aH H O - H epe3 x a T e ro p n io

nepcoHa>xa. B TexcTax 6paHHbix o6"bnB/ieHnn cpeflCTBaMn

3BOxaunn c/iy>xaT sobixoBbie cpe^CTBa xoHuenTa «6paHHoe

B 3 a n M 0 f l e n c T B n e » n p n b o 3 m o >k h o m y n a c m n

napaB ep6anbH bix cpeflCTB.

npoflyKT 3BOKaunn - 3 t o pe3y/ibTaT npouecca 3 B O K a u n n , t . e . K a T e T e p n 3 n p o B a H H b i n n nHTepnpem poBaHH bin cneuna/ibHbiM n npneMaMn nOCpef lCTBOM A3blKOBblX 3HaKOB (3HaKOBblX nocneAOBaienbHOCTen) oOteKT 3BOxaunn, BK/uoHem-ibin b

TeKCT.

Ue/iocTHbiM npoflyKTOM 3BOxaunn BbiCTynaeT T e x c r xax

c o cT aB J is n o L u aa c o B O x y n H O C T n T e x c T O B , M a cT nm hb im

n p o f l y x T O M - 3 B O x a u n o H H b i n x o m n o h e h t T e x c T a

( k o m M y H n x a T n B H b i n 6 j i o k , p a c c M a T p n B a e M b i n b

3BOxaunoHHOM ac n e x T e ). 3BOxaunoHHbin KOMnoHeHT nM eeT

A B O flxyio o 6 p a iu e H H O C T b : B O -n e p B b ix , b n p o w /io e - b

3 B O K a U O H H y K ) A e 5 I T e J l b H O C T b , n , B O - B T O p b I X , B

Hacro5iLuee-6yAyLuee - b TexcT n, w n p e , b KOMMyHnxaunio. B 3tom acn exT e 3BOxaunoHHbin KOMnoHeHT xapaK Tepn3yeTca

A o n o / i H n T e / i b H b i M n c y 6 c T a H u n o H a / i b H b i M n n

c [ } y H K u n o H a j i b H b i M n n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n f l M n , K O T o p b i e

ocyiuecTB/ifliOTCfl cneuna/ibH biM n npneM aM n xax cnoco6aM n

CBefleHnsi o O te x T a n cpe^CTBa 3B O xaun n b e e n p o A yxT ,

C03flaBaeM bin noA B03AencTBneM u e /io ro TexcTa. Bpam -ioe

o6"b5iBJieHne x a x n p o A y x T 3 B o x a u n n coA ep>xnT M eTbipe

o 6 f l3 a T e / ib H b ix K O M n o H e H T a : c a M o n p e 3 e H T a T n B H b i n ,

c e /ie x T n B H b in , n H T e p a x T n B H b in , n p o rH O C T n M e cx n n n p n

c tD a xy jib T a T n B H b ix : T p a H O x a in p o B O M , n p e u e A e H T H O M ,

nxoHnMecxoM.

n p o u e c c 3 B O x a u n n - B 3 a n m o A e n c t b n e

H e n p o u e c c y a / i b H b i x k o m n o H e H T O B 3 B O x a u n o H H o n

AesiTe/ibHOCTn, CBfl3am-ioe c p e a /in 3 a u n e n roBopîunM / cnyiuaiOLAnM noTpe6HOCTn-M OTnBa. n p o u e c c 3B O xaunn

o n p e A e / ia e T C f l H e x o T o p b m n o 6 iu n M n n p n H u n n a M n n

cjDaKTopaMM. B ocHOBe B3anMOfleMCTBM5i H enpoueccya/ibH bix

KO M noHeHTO B jie>K aT flB a n p M H U M n a : aaeKBaTHO CTM m

aKTMBHOCTM. llpMHUMn afleKBaTHOCTM ycraHaBJiM BaeT, HTO

npOflyKT 3BOK3UMM, KOHCTpyMpyeMbIM M3 CpeflCTB 3BOK3UMM,

cooTBeTCTByeT o6"beKTy 3 b o k 3 u m m ; npMHUMn 3 k t m b h o c t m ,

p a c x p b i B a ^ n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a T e / i b H b i M x a p a K T e p 3 t o i~o

B33MMOfleMCTBM51, yCT3 H3 B J1MB3eT, HTO B npOUeCCe 3BOK3I4MM

o 6 " b e K T c y 6 c T a H U M O H a / i b H O m c | D y H K U M O H a j i b H O

np eo 6p a3yeT C 5i cpeflCTBaM M 3 b o k 3 u m m . C p .: « B 5i3biKe...

6 /ia ro f la p 5 i BceM e r o c rp y K T y p e fle jiae T C 5 i y n o p He Ha

o n p e fle /ie H H b iM b m a M aTepM ajibHOM ( mjim noflpaw aiO LueM

51 BJieH M51M) B epH O C TM , a Ha peJ15H4MOHHyK) B epH O C Tb

BO cnpoM 3B efleH M 5i» [BKDJiep 1 9 9 3 , c. 1 7 3 ] . B c j iy n a e c

6 p a n H b i M o 6 " b 5 i B J i e H M e M n p M H U M n a f l e K B a T H O C T M

n p e ^ n o jia ra e T , h to oaio>KHeHHa5i onno3MUM5i no KmoneBbiM

n ap aM eT p aM cooTBeTCTByeT Heocno>KHeHHOM onno3MUMM.

AKTMBHOCTb 513blKa np051BJ15ieTC51 B aKTMBHOCTM CTaHflapTHbIX

c p e f l C T B S p a H H o r o o 6 t 5 i B J i e H M 5 i m

K O H T p a p H O - f l M C j D C t D e p e H U M p y K D L U e M a K T M B H O C T M

JlMHTBMCTMHeCKMX KO HUenTOB 6 p a H H O T O 06"b51 BJieHM51;

3KTMBHOCTb HeJlOBeKa - B aKTMBHOCTM erO MHflMBMflyaJlbHblX

KOHuenTyajibHbix c m c t c m .

n p o u e c c 3BOK3UMM «3aCTblBaeT», «OBeiUeCTBJ15ieTC51» B

npoflyKTe: roTOBHOCTb o6"beKTa 3bok3umm, npeflcraBJieHHoro

B CpeflCTBe 3BOK3UMM, M CaMOTO CpeflCTBa 3BOK3UMM K

C[}yHKUMOHMpOBaHMK) peaJ1 M3yeTC51 B MX C[}yHKUMOHMpOBaHMM

b ue jio cTH O M TeKCTe - n p o fly K T H eceT n acT b H arpy3KM

u e jio ro . 1/lHane roBop5i, npouecc «yM n p aeT » b npo^yKTe. Ho

y M M p a e T , h t o 6 n o > k m T b K a K o 6 " b e K T n > k n t b b

KO MMyHM KaTMBHOM fle51TeJl bHOCTM c jiy iu a K D L u e ro KaK

MHO>KeCTBO o6"beKTOB, B03HMK310LI4MX Ha 6 a 3 e 3TOrO OflHOrO

n p o f l y K T a . U p v \ 3 t o m p e w a i O L u e e 3 H a n e H M e m m e e T

« c o n e T a H M e m c o o T H e c e H M e 5i3biK O B bix 3 H a n e H m m c

BHyTpeHHen MOfle/ibK) Mnpa ("3HaHnnMn o Mnpe"), cocTaB/miomen coAepwaHne He/iOBenecxoro co3HaHnn» [3BernHueB 1996, c. 173].

Ha CTbixe « C M e p m » xa x o flH O x p a T H o ro , OAHOMOMeHTHoro axTa n «>xn3Hn» - axTOB 6ecxoHenHbix, MHoroxpambix, B03po>XAax)LAnxcn no TOMy n/in nHOMy noBOfly (a t o n 6e3 noBOfla!), bo B3anMOflencTBnn «>xn3Hn» n «CMepTn» n 3BOxaunn Ae/iaeT B03M0>xHbiM cyiuecTBOBaHne TexcTa b ero OTHOiueHnn b AencTBHTe/ibHOcrn n TexcTaM.

B 3anM O flencTB ne n p n H u n n o B n c|)axTopoB 3B O xaunn

n p n a x T n B H o n p o / i n r o B o p n u j e r o n c / i y w a i O L A e r o

o 6 e c n e H n B a e T n H o 6b iT n e flen cT B n T e /ib H O crn (B x /u o n a n n

T e x c T b i) b T e x c T e . f l p x o n n ju n o c T p a u n e n n H o 6 b i T n n

A en cT B n T e /ib H O C T n , b to m H n c /ie n T excT O B o n , c /iy>xnT

3 B O x a u n n c n T y a u n n c y f le 6 H o r o p a 3 6 n p a T e /ib C T B a x a x

cjDpam eHTa A en cT B H T e/ib H O crn (o6"bexT 3 B O x a u n n ) n nx

3BOxaunn b >xaHpe topnA nnecxoro T p n /i/ie p a (nepB oe 3BeHO

3BOxaunoHHon u e n o H x n ) Ha n3bixe o p n rn H a /ia (Grishem J. The Runaway Jury. ARROW. 1997) b nepeBOflHOM TexcTe

(B T o p o e 3BeHO 3 B O x a u n o H H o n u e n o H x n ) ( T p n m e M f l .

B e p f l n x T . M., 2000). K a x O T M e n a e T E.A. C a B O H x n H a ,

n c c /ie A O B a B L u a n 3 t o t M a T e p n a / i [ C a B O H x n H a 2007], cnTyaunn cy fle6H o ro pa36npaTe/ibCTBa n ep e flax rrcn b o 6 o n x

TexcTax CTaHflapTn3npoBaHHOCTbX) fln cxypca nepcoHa>xen Ha

c[ )OHe x j p n f l n u e c x n x T e p M H H O B , 3 m o t n b h o c t n ,

apryM eHTnpoB aH HO crn, oueHOHHOcrn; o 6 a TexcTa o 6 /ia fla x )T

n p n 3 H a x a M n aB aH T io pH on J inTepaTypb i (Hanpn>xeHHOCTb,

A n H a M n H H O C T b ) ; b T e x c T e n e p e B O f l a c o x p a H n i O T c n

/inH rB ncTnH ecxne n xoM no3nunoH H bie oco6eHHOCTn TexcTa

o p n rn H a /ia , BOcnpon3BOAmuero nepBHHHbie peneBbie >xaHpbi

c y f l e 6 H o r o p a 3 6 n p a T e / i b C T B a , O A H a x o c n o c o 6 b i

p e n p e 3 e H T a u n n >xaH p oB b ix n p n 3 H a x o B lo p n A n n e c x o ro

T p n /i/ie p a b nepeBOAHOM TexcTe no cpaBHeHnio c TexcTOM

o p n r n H a / i a n p e o 6 p a 3 y x ) T C f l ( n a m e B c e ro A e n c T B y iO T

MexaHM3Mbi onyiueHkm m Ao6aB /ieH M n), m 3t o o6"bncHneTcn

A aB /ie H k ie M h o p m n 3 b ix a n e p e B O fla m M e w x y /ib T y p H O M

KOMMyHMKauMM, ycTaHOBxaMM nepeBOAHMxa.

4 .2 . TeKCT 1 1 BHeTeKCTOBanAeMCTBMTe/lbHOCTb

npoueccbi nopowAeHMn m MHTepnpeTauMM, nsnnncb B33MMOCB513aHHblMM M B3aMM006yC/10BJieHHblMM, C|}OpMMpyK)T KOMMyHMKaTMBHO-peHeBOM MexaHM3M B3aMMOAeMCTBMfl roBopmuero m c/iymaiOLAero. CyiAHOCTbio MexaHM3Ma nB/meTcn c[}yHKUMOHMpoBaHMe moag/im aAanTauMM AByx TeKCTOB M/1M, no TepMMHOJlOTMM E.B. CMAOpOBa, MOAGJ1M KOppeKUMM nepBMHHOM KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM AGflTe/lbHOCTM rOBOpmuerO M BTOpMHHOM KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM AenTenbHOCTM cnymaiOLAero: «nepBMHHan xoMMyHMxaTMBHan AesrrenbHOCTb C03AaeT npeAMeTHO-3HaKOByx) nporpaMMy / nocrpoeHMn BTOpMHHOM KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM AG51Te/lbHOCTM... BTOpMHHafl KOMMyHMxaTMBHa9\ AenTe/ibHOCTb KOHCTpyxTMBHO ynacTByeT,e iu e b cy6"beKTMBHOM cjDopMe (x a x «BHyTpeHHMM o 6 p a 3 » ), b

C 0 3 A a H M M T e K C T a . 3 T O 3 H a H M T , HTO B T O p M H H a f l

KOMMyHMxaTMBHan AenTe/ibHOCTb b xanecTB e BHyTpeHHero

o 6 p a 3 a , MAeanbHOki moag/im b M3BecTHOM M epe on peA e/m eT

He TO/lbKO C[}yHKUMIO peneBO rO npOM3BeAGHM51, ho m e ro

noaneM eH TH biM co cT aB , t . e . xoMMyHMxaTMBHbiM a c n e x T

TexcTOBOM CMCTeMbi, m cooTHOLueHMe M ew A y aneMeHTaMM

Bbicxa3biBaHMn, t . e . TexcTOByx) CTpyKTypy. C/ieAOBaTe/ibHO,

m n o a /ie M e H T H b iM c o c T a B , m C T p yK T yp a T e x c T a , n e r o

c[}yHKUMM o n p e A e /m iO T c n b n p o u e c c e o c y m e c T B /ie H M fl

n e p B M H H O M K O M M y H M K a T M B H O M A G 5 1 T e / l b H O C T M

c o o T B e T C T B y i o i A mmm n a p a M e T p a M M b t o p m h h o m

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM A SnTe/lbH O C TM , TO H H ee CBOMCTBaMM

nflea/ibHon MOfle/in 3 to h AeflTe/ibHOcrn, AencTByKDiuen Mepe3 nepBMMHyK) kom MyHnxaTHBHyx) AesiTe/ibHOCTb n noAMMHeHHon en. Hepe3 Texcr nepBHMHa KOMMyHnxaTHBHasi AeaTe/ibHOCTb 3aAaeT KOHxpeTHbin xapaxTep npoTexaHna B TopnM H on KO M M yH nK aTnB H on A e^T e /ibH O C T n n b s to m

CMbic/ie nporpaMMnpyeT noc/ieAHK)K), ocyiAecTBJiaeT ynpaB/ieHne e\o» [C h ao p o b 1987, c. 15, 16].

n p e f l B a p i iT e / i b H b ie 3 a M e n a H M 5 i. T e x c r , n s n n n c b

AO CTaTOMHO MO/ iOAb iM o6"beK TO M j i n h t b h c t u n e c x n x

ncc/ieAO BaHnn, b no c /ieA H ee BpeM5i c ra /i no /ieM H3yMeHHfl

p a 3 H o r o B M A a B 3 a n M O A e n c T B n n . 3 t o b b i 3 b a h o

H e o 6 x o A M M O C T b K ) p a 3 H o r o p o A a c o r / i a c o B a H n a

A eflTe /ibH O cren O TnpaBHTe/ia coo 6iA eH nfl (ro B o p a iA e ro ) n

n o j i y n a T e j i f l c o o 6 i A e H H f l ( c / i y w a K D L A e r o ) . f l a H H o e

c o r /ia c o B a i-m e 3 a x /iK )H e H O b u e /io c T H O M c o n p a w e H n n

MOAe/ien AeflTe/ibHO crn ynacTHHKOB KOMMyHnxaunn. M oA e/in

>xe, b c b o k ) O M e p e A b , o 6 p a 3 y x ) T k o m M y H n x a m B H o e

C 0 A e p > x a H n e T e x c T a . C o o T B e T C T B e H H O , t e k c t b o

B H e T e x c T O B o n A e a T e /ib H O C T n c |}y H K u n o H n p y e T n x a x

p e 3 y /ib T a T n o p o > K A e H n f l C M b ic /ia ( m t o o 6 y c /iO B /ie H O

KoppexTnpoBKon nopo>KAaK)LAen nH TeHunn, nparM aTnnecKon

ycTaHOBxon aBTopa n xoMMyHnxaTHBHbiM H aM epeH n eM ), n

x a x c n o c o 6 n p e3y /ib T aT n H T e p n p e T a u n n CM bic/ia. T axn M

o 6 p a 3 0 M , T e x c T n o / i H O C T b K ) O T p a > x a e T c y l a h o c T b

K O M M y H n x a u n n , K O Topaa 3 a x jix )M e H a b « n o c rp o e H n n b

K o m n T n B H o n c n c T e M e p e u n n n e H T a K O H u e n T y a /ib H b ix

xoH C Tpyxunn , «M O A e/ien M n p a» , KOTopbie onpeA e/ieH H biM

o6pa30M c o o th o c a tc a c «MOAe/iflMn M npa» roB o pfliu ero , ho

He o 6 ^ 3 a T e /ib H O n o B T o p a K )T nx. . . T e x c T b i, K O TopbiM n

o6MeHnBax)TC5i y n a c m n K n , 3aMacTyx) oxa3biBax)T 6 o /ib iu e e

BJinsiHne Ha cjDopMnpoBaHne y Hnx MOAe/ien cnT yaun n , MeM

Ha cjDaxTnMecKoe no/io>xeHne A e /i. M oA e/in Mnpa n 3HaHnn

ynacn-inKOB cnTyaunn craHOBflTca He M eHee, a MO>xeT 6biTb,

6o/iee «BemecTBeHHbimm», HeM BHewHne, o6"beKTHBHO onpefle/iaeMbie o6croflTe/ibCTBa» [CepreeB 1998, c. 3].

K a T e ro p i/m K O M M y H n K a Tn B HO C Tn , KaK O Tpa>K eH ne

cy iu H o cm BK/iK)HeHM5i TeKCTa bo BHeTeKCTOBoe npocTpaHCTB,

cjDyHKUMOHMpyeT b Bkifle pe3y/ibTaTa flencTBkm M exaHH3Ma

nopo>KfleHM5i n o n p e f le /ia e T ocHOBam /m n H T e p n p e T a u n n .

nopo>KfleHMe, nH TepnpeTaukm , Me>KTeKCT paccMaTpnBaiOTCfl

b a c n e K T a x M e x a H H 3 M a , y c / i O B n n , c n T y a u n n

c[}yHKi4MOHMpoBaHM5i ( h to O Tpaw aeTca b fle /iem /M r/iaBbi Ha

naparpacjDbi).

riopo>KfleHMe TeKCTa KaK cnoco6 BK/iioMeHkmTeKCTa BO BHeTeKCTOByiO fleMCTBMTe/1 bHOCTb. CymHOCTb npouecca nopo>KfleHM5i TeKCTa. llopo>KfleHne TeKCTa npe>Kfle Bcero CBA3aHO c nopo>KfleHneM CMbic/ia b

LUkipOKOM 3HaHeHMM. IIO MblCJlkl fO.M. JlOTMaHa, «MO>KHO ce6e npeflCTaBMTb HeKOTopbin c m n c ji, KOTopbin ocraeTca MHBapkiaHTHbiM npki Bcex TpaHCc|DopMai4kmx TeKCTa. 3 t o t

CMbicn mo>kho npeflCTaBkiTb KaK flOTeKCTOBoe coo6iueHne, pea/iki3yeMoe b TeKCTe. Ha TaKon npe3yMnukiki nocTpoeHa MOfle/ib «CMbic/i_TeKCT». npki 3tom npeflnojiaraeTC5i, h to b

kiflea/ibHOM c/iynae kiHcjDopMaukiOHHoe coflepwaHne He MeHaeTCfl Hki KanecTBeHHO, hh b o6beMe: no/iynaTe/ib AeKOflkipyeT TeKcr ki no/iynaeT ncxoflHoe coo6iueHne. Onsrrb TeKCT BbicrynaeT Jimub KaK «TexHHHecKafl ynaKOBKa» coo6iueHkm, b k o to p o m 3anHTepecoBaH nojiynaTe/ib... Ho npki TaKOM n o flx o fle yTpannBaiOTCfl cnoco6HOCTn o6c/iy>KkiBaTb apyrne cjDyHKunn, npncymne TeKCTy b

eCTeCTBeHHOM C0CT051HHH» [JlOTMaH 1996, c. 13].

E c/ik i r o B o p k i T b o n o p o > K a e H n n KaK o c n o c o 6 e

BK/iK)HeHkm TeKCTa bo BHeTeKCTOBoe npocTpaH C TB O , TO

H a n 6 o /ie e 3HankiMbiMki d p y n m m w w A craHOBflTca TBopnecKaa

c[}yHKUki5i ki cjDyHKUkm naMATki.

TBopnecxaM d p y n m m BxmonaeT npouecc nopo>xAeHMM

b 0 6 /iacTb AeMTeubHOCTM no «npoM3BOACTBy TexcTOB m/ im no

npoM3BOACTBy m noT pe 6 /ieHMK) TexcTOB (a no cymecTBy,

K O M M y H M K a H T O B X a X C /l 0 >X H bl X

M3blXOBO-napaM3blXOBO-HeM3blXOBblX TeXCTO B)» [OCHOBbl

o6LAeft pmtopmxm 2 0 0 0 , c. 7 ] . TaxMM o6p a30M , nopo>XAeHMe

3 a ip a r M B a e T M a T e p M a /i x y /ib T y p b i. B f laHHOM a c n e x T e

r/iaBHbIM CTaHOBMTCM COOTHOLUeHMe TexcTa M XOHTeXCTa, MTO

TpaHCCjDOpMMpyeTCM, B CBOX) OMepeflb, B COOTHOLUeHMe:

1 ) T excT a m n o flT e x c T a (npM x o t o p o m b n m b / im io t c m

cxpbiTbie CMbic/ibi, 3a/io>xeHHbie b TexcTe);

2 ) T e x c T a m 3 a T e x c T a (np M x o t o p o m b n m b / im io t c m

COBOXynHOCTb nCMXOM3blXOBblX C[)aXTOpOB, npeALUeCTByKDLAMX

MOMeHTy nOpOXAGHMM).

f l a H H b i f t a c n e x T B b i M B / i M e T c n e u M c [ ) M x y co uM O xy/ib To p o /io rH M ecxo TO norpy>xeHMM T e x c T a x ax penpe3eHTaHTa OTAe/ibHoft couMOxy/ibTypHoft 06/iacTM.

B 3TOM CBM3M MO>XHO BblAG/lMTb ABa TMna nOpOXAGHMM

CMbic/ia T excra :

1) MMn/lMUMTHblM, OCHOBaHHblft Ha aCCOLJMaTMBHOM pa3BepTbiBaeMOCTM TexcTa;

2 ) 3xcn/im u m t h bift, npM x o to p o m pa3BepTbiBaHMe npoMcxoAMT nepe3 rpaMMaTMMecxMe, ziexcMMecxMe, MHTOHaUMOHHbie M npOMMe CBM3M.

KpoMe t o t o , CMbic/ionopo>xAeMMe m b /im c t co 6o m

AeftcTBMe AByx B3aMMOHanpaB/ieHHbix MexaHm 3 m o b : XOHTaMMHaUMM (c b e p T bl b a H M M ) M XOMnpeCCMM (pa3BepTbiBaHMM) [Myp3MH, 1 9 7 6 ]. CyiAHOCTb CBepTbmaHMM COCTOMT B BblMB/ieHMM COAepXOTe/lbHOM AOMMHaHTbl TeXCTa,a p a 3 B e p T b iB a H M e o c y m ecTB/iMeTCM M e p e 3 npM eM bi

c o A e p > x a T e / ib H O M x o M n p e c c M M ( a c c o u M a T M B H b ie ,

cnHOHMMHHecKne n t . a . CBn3n), KOTopbie 6a3np yx)T cn Ha

Tpex BkiAax c|)OHOBbix 3HaHnn:

1. c o u n a /ib H b ix , t . e. n 3 B e c m b ix BceM y n a c m n x a M

peneB oro axTa e iu e a o H ana/ia coo6iAeHnn;

2. n H A B H A y a /ib H b ix , t . e. n 3B ecT H b ix T o /ib x o As y M

ynacmnxaM a o H an a/ia coo6iAeHnn;

3. KO/1 / ieKTHBHb lX , T . e. n 3 B e C T H b lX h /i e h a M

o n p e A e u e H H o ro xo/u iexTnBa, CBn3aHHbiM npoc|)eccnen,

c o u n a / i b H b i M n O T H O w e H n n M n n A P - ( H a n p n M e p ,

cneuna/ibHbie MeAnunHCxne 3HaHnn, no/wTnnecxne n t . a - )

[Ba/irnHa 2003, c. 16].

Pea/in3aunn c|)yHxunn naMnm TexcTa CBn3aHa, npex<Ae Bcero, c nAeen «n3bixoBoro cymecTBOBaHnn»: «fl3bix oxpy>xaeT Hawe 6biTne xax crmowHan cpeAa, BHe xoTopon n 6e3 ynacrnn xoTopon h u h to He MO>xeT npon3onTn b >xh3hh.

OAHaxo 3Ta cpeAa He cyiAecTByeT BHe Hac xax o6"bexTHBnpoBaHHan AaHHOCTb; OHa HaxoAHTcn b Hac caMnx, b HameM co3HaHnn, b Harnen naMnTn, n3MeHnn CBon OHepTaHnn c xax<AbiM ABn>xeH neM Mbic/in, xax<AbiM nponB/ieHneM Harnett j ih h h o c th . B o t 3Ta Hama nocronHHan, HnxorAa He npexpaiuax)LAancn >xn3Hb «c n3bixoM» n « b

n3b ixe» n ecTb t o , h t o Ha3biBaeTcn n3bixoBbiM cymecTBOBaHneM» [racnapoB 1996, c. 5].

no B.M. TacnapoBy, nopo>xAeHHe TexcTa CBn3aHO n c/ieAyeT n3 cnoco6HOCTn naMnTn x xoHTHHya/ibHott, HepacH/ieHeHHon nepepa6oTxe n3bixoBott n peneBott MHc|DopMai4nn. Bee, h to Hy>xHO npoAyunpoBaTb roBopmueMy, y>xe coAep>xnTcn b ero n3bixoBott naMnTn b BHAe to to b n x

6 /io x o b MHc|DopMai4nn. flaHHbie 6/ioxn reHeTnnecxn b o c x o a s t

He To/ibxo x n3bixoBOMy onbiTy roBopmuero, ho n CBn3aHbi c ero npeAMeTHO-xoMMyHnxaTHBHon AenTe/ibHOCTbX). 3 t o

AenTeubHOCTb CBn3aHa n c oco6eHHOcrnMn cnTyaunn, n co

cnoco6HOCTbK) 3BO unpoBaTb n TpaHcejDopMnpoBaTb p aH ee

y>xe n3BecTHbie TexcTbi: « fl3 b ix o B a a naM flTb ro B o p a iu e ro

cy6"beKTa n p e flc ra B /ia eT co6on rpaH flno3H bin xoHr/iO M epaT,

H axarm n B aeM b in n pa3BHBax)Lunncfl b TeH ei-m e Been e ro

>KH3HH. O H a 3 a x /ix )H a e T b c e 6 e b n o /iy c rm a B /ie H H O M ,

TexyH eM c o c to a h h h rn raH T C x n n 3 a n a c xoM M yHnxaTHBHO

3apa>xeH H bix H acT n u A 3bixoB on T xaH n p a 3 H o ro o6"beM a,

cjDaxTypbi, pa3Hon c ren eH n OTHeT/inBOcrn n 3axoHHeHH O crn:

O Tfle /ibH b ie c/iOBOcjDopMbi, xa>xflaa b oxp y>xeH n n u e /io ro

n o /m 6 o / ie e n / in M e H e e O H e B H f l H b i x c o H e T a T e /ib H b ix

B03M0>xH0CTen; roTOBbie c/iOBecHbie rp yn n b i, b xa>xflon n3

x o T o p b ix n p o cM aT p n B ax)T C 5 i p a 3 /in H H b ie b o 3 m o > x h o c th

MOflncjDnxaunn, p acw n p eH n fl, yceH eH na, 3aMeHbi OTfle/ibHbix

3/ieM eH TO B , c n H T axT n xo -H H T O H au n o H H b ie cjDnrypbi, J inw b

nacTkiHHO 3ano/iHeHHbie OTfle/ibHbiMn onopHbiMn c/iOBaMn, b

oxpy>xeHnn u e /ib ix n o /ie n c/ioboc|dopm n c/iOBOCOHeTaHnn,

n pnroflH b ix [ \ n n nx n o /iH o ro B orm oiueH nfl; u e /ib ie roTOBbie

perm nxn-B bicxa3biB aH nfl (orm Tb-Taxn c b o sm o x h o c tam h nx

M OflncjDnxaunn); p a3 /in H H b ie p n T o p n H e c x n e «>xecTbi» , 3a

xoTopbiMn n p o r/ia flb iB axrr 6 o /ie e xpynHbie peneBbie 6 /io x n n

fla>xe ue /ib ie TexcTbi, accounnpyeM bie c TaxnM n <oxecraM n»,

H a x o H e u , O T fle /ib H b ie x y c x n T excT O B , O THOCfliunM Cfl x

pa3/inHHbiM ccjDepaM n >xaHpaM sBbixoBoro cymecTBOBaHnfl,

x o T o p b i e r o B o p f l i u n n n o m h n T c p a 3 H o n C T e n e H b X )

OTHeT/inBOCTn - 6 y flb t o TOHHoe 3H aH n e H an 3ycT b , n /in

n p n 6 /in 3n T en b H o e, pa3MbiBaeMoe ziaxyHaMn BOcnoMHHaHnn,

n /in CMyTHbin, e^B a npocBeH nBaxDiunn b naM ATn o 6 p a 3 »

[ T a c n a p o B 1996, c. 104]. T a x n M o 6 p a 3 0 M , s e n H a iu a

sBbixoBaa fle^Te/ibHOCTb npoH n3aH a 6 /ioxaM n-un TaT aM H n3

n p e fliu e c T B y x )L u e ro A 3 b ixo B o ro o n b iT a . ro B o p s u u e M y He

Hy>xHO xa>xflb in p a 3 x o H C T p y n p o B a T b c o o 6 iu e H n e , Bee

c[}parMeHTbi TexcTa y>xe cym ecTByxrr b naMsrrn ue/inxoM (b

B n fle 3 B O u n p o B a H H b i x n / i n T p a H C c [ ) o p M H p o B a H H b i x

ct)parMeHTOB cnTyaunn), a n3bixoBan naMnTb b w h o c h t

Heo6xoflHMbie cjDparMeHTbi Ha noBepxHOCTb co3HaHnn. Heo6xoflHMbin cjDpameHT npocTO «y3HaeTcn».

MexaHH3M y3HaBaHnn npn nopoxfleHnn TexcTa CBSBaH, npe>xfle Bcero, c oco6eHHOcmMn yc/iOBnn nopoxfleHnn TexcTa.

Y c / io b h s i n o p o > K f le H n n T e K C T a . U o jx yc /iO B nnM n

n o p o > x fle H n n n o H H M a x ) T c n n o p o > x fla K )L u a n H H T e H u n n

( n p a r M a T M H e c x a n y c T a H O B x a a B T o p a ) , a B T o p c x a n

M O fla /ib H O C T b , c n o c o 6 b i ee p e a / i n 3 a u n n b T e x c T O B o n

M O f l a / i b H O C T n , u e / i e y c T a H O B x a n k o m M y H n x a T H B H o e

H aM epeH n e. « T e x c T x a x u e /ib H o e p e n e B o e n p o n 3B efleH n e

n M e e T c b o h 3 a x o H O M e p H O C T n o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n n .

T e x c T O o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n e o c y m e c T B /in e T c n n o f l B / i n n H n e M

u e / i e y c T a H O B x n c a M o r o T e x c T a n u e / i e y c T a H O B x n

x o H x p e T H o ro a B T o p a T e x c T a . n e p B o e fln x T y e T c n caMHM

TexcTO M , e r o T n n o M , >xaH poM , 3 a f l a H a M n , x o T o p b ie oh

p e a / i n 3 y e T . B T o p o e B c e u e / i o C B n 3 a H O c a B T o p c x o n

MOfla/ibHOCTbK), T a x x a x /ix )6 o e c o o 6 iu e H n e 3 a x /ix )H a e T b

c e 6 e He To /ibxo nHcjDopMaunK), ho n OTHOweHne aBTopa x

coo 6 iu aeM o n nHcjDopMaunn. n o c /ie ^ H e e oco6eHHO Ba>xHO b

ycTaH O B /ieH nn n p a m a T H x n T excT a , n o c x o /ib x y CBn3aHO c M H Tep np eT aun oH H on c ro p o H o n T excT a . A b to p He T o /ib xo

cjDopMnpyeT co6cTBeHHO TexcT, ho n H anpaB /ineT HHTaTe/in b

e ro n H T e p n p e T a u n n . n p a m a T H H e c x a n ycraH O B xa TexcTa

ncxoflkiT n3 caM oro TexcTa - e ro Ha3HaHeHnn, Bnâ, >xaHpa...

n p n H aH a/ie pa6oTbi Hafl TexcTOM H 3 B ec m o n 6b m aeT e ro

o 6 iu a n u e n e y c T a H O B x a - HHcjDopM npoBaHne, o 6 y H e H n e ,

n H C T p y x T n p o B a H n e , f l e x / i a p n p o B a H n e n t . T a x n M

o 6 p a 3 0 M , xa>xflbin T ex c T n M e e T cbokd n p a rM a T H H e c x y x )

ycTaH O B xy. O H a o n p e f le /in e T n c|DopMy T e x c T a , n o t6 o p

M aTepn a/ia , n o6 iu yx) CTn/incrnKy n flp . O flH axo aBTop xax

x o H x p e T H b in c y G te x T , n o flH H H n n c b o 6 lu h m n p a B n / i a M

nocrpoem/m TexcTa AaHHon HanpaB/ieHHOcrn, b h o c h t cboh,

/lMHHOCTHbie xoppexTMBbi b nocTpoem/ie TexcTa, t . e. ocymecTBJineT c b o k ) , aBTopcxyx) npamaTi/iHecKyio ycTaHOBxy. 06e ycTaHOBKn coBMemax)TC5i, MoryT Hax/iaAbiBaTbcn Apyr Ha Apyra, ho no xaxnM-TO npi/iHi/maM pacxoAMTbcn i/i Aawe BCTynaTb b npoTi/iBopem/ie» [Ba/in/ma 2003, c. 24].

CyiAHOCTb n p a rM a T M H e c K O M y c ra H O B K n 3ax/iK)HeHa

b o c o 3 H a h h o m h a m e p e h i/i i/i r o B o p n i u e r o o x a 3 a T b

o n p e A e /ie H H o e B 03A encTB ne Ha c /iyw aiO L A ero . M epapxi/m

nparM aTi/m ecxi/ix ycTaHOBOK cjDopMkipyeT npam aT i/iH ecK yK )

HanpaBneHHOCTb TexcTa, h to p ea /in 3yeT cn , b cboio onepeA b,

b k o m M y H i iK a T i iB H O - n p a r M a T im e c K O M C T p y K T y p e

coAepwaHi/m TexcTa. I Io a KOMMyHi/ixaTi/iBHO-nparMaTi/iHecxoM

C T p y x T y p o k i n o H i / m a e T C f l « o n p e A e / i e H H b i M o 6 p a 3 0 M

o p ra H i/i3 0 B a H H o e n y n o p n A o n e H H o e cpeACTBaM i/i n 3b ixa

COAepwaHkie TeKCTa B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOMMyHHKaTHBHOn

u e / i e y c T a H O B K O k i a b t o p o b i/i n p a r M a T i / i n e c K O M

HanpaBJieHHOCTbio TexcT a» [KpnwaHOBCKan 1997, c. 131]. H a n p n M e p , b H a y H H O M T e x c T e x a p a x T e p C T p yK T yp b i

c o A e p w a H k i n 3 a B i/ic i/iT o t w a H p a . T a x , C T p y K T y p a

3M ni/ip i/iH ecxon c ra T b n (c ra T b n , c o A e p w a iA e n on i/icam /ie

K a K o r o - j i i / i 6 o a x c n e p i / i M e H T a ) C 0 3 A a e T C 5 i

n o c / i e A O B a T e / i b H O C T b i o c / i e A y i o hi m x

K O M M yH i/iK aTi/iB H O -npam aTi/iH ecK i/ix 6 / io k o b : « B B eA em /ie

TeM bi», «c|DopMyjii/ipoBKa n p o 6 /ieM b i» , «nocTaHOBxa u e /in n

3aAan ncc/ieAOBaHi/m », «o n n ca H n e craAni/1 3KcnepnM eH Ta»,

«BbiABi/i>xeHi/ie rn n o T e 3 b i» , «KOHeHHbin n M n ep aT H B », m/im

« n p o i~ H 0 3 i/ip o B a H i/ie » . 0 6 n 3 a T e /ib H b iM n KO M noHeHTaM i/i

K O M M y H M K a T M B H O - n p a r M a T M H e c K O k i C T p y K T y p b i

TeopeTkinecKOki CTaTbki nB/m iOTcn KOMnoHeHTbi «B eA em /ie

T e M b i » , « n o c T a H O B x a u e / in ki 3 a A a n n c c /ie A O B a H i/m » ,

«c[}opMy/ikipoBKa n p o 6 /ie M b i» , «KOHeHHbin nM nepaTH B ». B

CTpyKType >xe HayMHO-MeTOAMMecxon CTaTbM BecbMay C J I O B H O M O >K H O B bl A e /l M T b J l M LU b KOMMyHMKaTMBHO-nparMaTMMecKMe 6/ioxm «BeAeHne TeMbi», «KOHeMHbift MMnepaTMB» i/i «nporH 03 i/ipoBam /ie» [Kpn>xaHOBCxaM 1997, c. 132]. B pex/iaMHOM Texcre xoMMyHMxaTMBHO-nparMaTMMecxaM crpyxTypa c|)opMnpyeTCM xax npoexuMM apryMeHTaTMBHon CTpyxTypbi Ha xoMno3i/i 141/10HHO-nparMan/iMecxyx) CTpyxTypy (b bi/iag coBOxynHOCTM Taxi/ix 6/ioxob: xto npoAaeT, mto npoAaeT, xoMy ( 1/1 mn/ii/i 141/iTHO, b Bi/iAe ycTahobxi/i Ha ue/ieByio ayAMTopi/ix)), rAe).

nparMaTMMecKaM ycraHOBKa, pea/iM30BaHHaM b xoMMyHMxaTMBHO-nparMaTMMecxoft CTpyxType TexcTa, COOTHOCMTCM C B I/I A a M I/I I/I H $ 0 p M a 14 I/I I/I I/I (J)yHXI4l/IOHaJlbHO-CMblCnOBblMl/l TkinaMM peMM. no MbIC/lM H.C. Ba/ITMHOM, C|)yHXI4M0Ha/lbH0-CMblCJ10B0M TMn peMM - 3TO CBoero poAa MOAe/ib XOMMyHMXaUMM. 1/1 npM onpeAe/ieHnn MexaHM3MOB TexcTOo6pa30BaHMM npex<Ae Bcero M36npaeTCM caMa MOAe/ib XOMMyHMXaUMM, t . e. yMm t n Ba io t c m

xoHCTpyxTMBHbie npM3HaxM peMeBoro axTa, coBOxynHOCTb XOTOpbIX M C[)OpMMpyeT MOAe/lb. K XOHCTpyXTM BH bl M npM3HaxaM o th o c m tc m :

1) xoMMyHMxaTMBHaM ueueycTaHOBxa;

2) npeAMeT (coAep>xaHMe) XOMMyHMXaUMM;

3) npM3HaxM CMTya 14mm, b npeAe/ iax xoTopon ocymecTB/iMeTCM XOMMyHMXaUMM;

4) couna/ ibHaM xapaxTepMCTMxa y ma c t hn x o b

XOMMyHMXaUMM.

CoBOxynHOCTb s t m x npM3HaxoB m co3AaeT CMCTeMy peneBbix CMTyauMM, a Tnn peneBon CMTyauMM onpeAe/iaeT xoHxpeTHyx) MOAe/ib XOMMyHMXaUMM m c[)opMy ee

ocymecTBJieHM5i: «B paMxax xa>KAoro Tuna peMeBon cnTyaunn c|DopMnpyK)TC5i AOcraTOMHO craHflapTHbie c|DopMbi peann3aunn nx b Texcre. Po>KAaeTCfl crepeoTnnMMHOCTb peMeBoro noBeAeHna, KOTopaa OTpa>xaeTCfl Ha HopMax (>xecTxnx h jih MeHee >xecTKnx) peMeBon opraHH3aunn TexcTa. TexcT cooTBeTCTBeHHO npno6peTaeT Ty cjDopMy, KOTopaa n o M o ra e T eM y B b ino jiH H T b a a h h y kd

xoMMyHnxaTHBHyx) 3aAany. npn 3 t o m , MeM 6o jiee CTaHAapTeH Texcr, TeM npne BbmBJiax)TCfl ero npM3HaxM, TeM 6ojiee npeACxa3yeMa oxa3biBaeTCfl ero cjDopMa. CjieAOBaTejibHO, uejib, HaMepeHne (aBTopcxaa HHTeHunsi) onpeAejiaxrr Tnn TexcTa - c[}yHKUHOHajibHO-CMbicjiOBon Tnn penn, t . e. peMeByx) c|)opMy» [BajirnHa 2003, c. 77].

PeHeBaa cjDopMa Tax >xe 3aBncnT n o t a B T o p c K O M

MOfla/lbHOCTIi TeKCTa, KOTOpafl npOflBJlfleTCfl B Bbl6ope a B TO p 0 M n pOH3BOAMTeJ151 TeKCTa: C0 6 CTBeHH0 npon3BOAMTeA5i peMn, cyOtexTe noBecTBOBaHHfl, o6pa3e aBTopa. Ha ypoBHe TeKCTOBon MOfla/ibHOcm nponcxoAHT coeAHHeHne coAep>xaHMfl TexcTa c npeACTaBJieHM5iMH 06 aBTope n aApecaTe. B3anMOAencTBne MOAajibHbix njiaHOB roBopfliuero n aApecaTa no3BOJiaeT BbiAejwTb craTHMecKnn H AHHaMHMeCKHH THnbl TeKCTOB. « CTa t n m e c xa 9\

pa3HOBHAHOCTb TexcTOBon MOAajibHOCTn npeAnojiaraeT coBnaAax)LAHe MOAajibHbie njiaHbi aBTopa n aApecaTa Ha BceM npocrpaHCTBe TexcTa. npn 3tom Ba>KHO OTMeTHTb, mto

b TexcTe He nponcxoAHT nepexjix)MeHMfl c o a h o t o

MOAajibHoro perncTpa Ha Apyron n mto aApecaT noHHMaeT MOAajibHbie CMbicjibi TexcTa tom ho Tax >xe, xax n aBTop... flMHaMMMecxafl MOAajibHOCTb npeAnojiaraeT OTcyTCTBne eAHHon A/ifl noBecTBOBaTejisi, mHT3 T e ji5i n repoa MOAajibHOCTn. Ka>xAbin n3 HOCHTejien t c k c t o b o h

MOAajibHOCTn o 6 jiaAaeT co6 cTBeHHon «napTnen», n B3anMOAencTBne, nepenjieTeHne 3 t h x napTnn po>KAaeT

AB n>K eH ne, A n H a M n x y M O fla /ibH O C Ten B c e ro T e x c T a »

[Co6o/ieBa 1997, c. 165].

CMTyaqiisi nopo>KAeHH5i TeKCTa. I Ioa cnTyaunen nopo>KAeHnn noHk i MaeTc n oc o 3 Ha HHb i n n ueueHanpaB/ieHHbin Bbi6op roBopmunM onpeAe/iem-ioro peneBoro >xaHpa, b 3aBncnMOCTn o t yc/iOBnn, conyTCTByiomnx ocyiAecTB/iei-inx) axTa xoMMyHnxaunn; xoppexTnpoBxa peneBoro >xaHpa, ncxofln n3 Tpe6oBaHnn c/iyujax)LAero; Bbi6op MexaHH3Ma nopo>xAeHnn, aflexBaTHoro Aam-ion cnTyaunn. npn onpefle/iei-inn cnTyaunn nopo>xAeHnn TexcTa mo>xho BbifleunTb ABa acnexTa: BO-nepBbix, yc/iOBnn ocyiuecTB/ieHnn xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa, bo-btopnx, Bbi6op roBopmunM peneBoro >xaHpa n xoppexunn peneBoro >xaHpa, ncxoAn n3 cnTyaunn.

noA ycuoBnnMn xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa noHnMaeTcn coBOxynHOCTb c/ieAyKDiunx n p n 3 H a x o B c n T y a u n n : o6cronTe/ibCTBa xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa (no TopoAeuxoMy: «o6cTonTe/ibCTBa xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa - 3to o6iunn AenTe/ibHOCTHbin xoHTexcT xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa, Bx/ix)Hax)LAnn xax HenocpeACTBem-ibin axT coBMecmon A e n T e / ib H O C T n , T a x n n p n B x o A ^ i u n e , c|)OHOBbie o6cTonTe/ibCTBa» [TopoAeuxnn 1990, c. 14]), nepcya3nBHan nporpaMMa, xoMMyHnxaTnBHan n npaxTnnecxan ue/in («n paxTnH ecxan ue/ib CBn3aHa c TnnoM couna/ibHon AenTe/ibHOCTn n npeAcraB/meT co6on o6pa3 pe3y/ibTaTa. KoMM yHnxaTnBHan ue / ib - H a M e p e H n e , ycTaHOBxa, pea/in3yeM an roBopmunM npn nopo>xAeHnn TexcTa» [Ochobn o6iuen pnTopnxn 2000, c. 29]).

B b ii i je H a 3 B a H H b ie x o m n oH eH Tb i c o A e p > x a T e /ib H O

x a p a x T e p n 3 y X) t c n T y a u n x ) n o p o > x A e H n n .

C T pyxT ypoo6pa3yx)LA n M n >xe xo M noH eH TaM n c n T y a u n n

nopo>xAeHnn nB /m xrrcn BpeMn n npocTpaHCTBO: « T e x c r

C03aaeTC5i b onpeae/ieHHon eanHCTBeHHon cnTyaunn CB5i3n - cye teK T M B H on c n T y a u n n , a BOcnpni-mMaeTCfl b 3aBMCnMOCTM OT BpeMeHM M MeCTa, B 6eCHMC/ieHHOM MHO>KeCTBe oObeKTMBHblX CMTyaUMM» [n^TMTOpCKMM 1996, C. 18)].

OnncaHne npo5iB/ieHnn xaTeropnn npocTpaHCTBa n BpeMeHM B TeKCTaX pa3HOM pOaOBOM M CjDyHKUMOHaJlbHOM OTHeCeHHOCTM B HaCTOflLljee BpeM51 MO>KHO npeaCTaBMTb B Bnae cneayKDianx nojio>xeHnn:

1. anctDc[}epeHUMpoBaHHoe onncaHne (neTxoe pa3rpaHMHeHne m onpeae/ieHne n pocTpa HCTBa m BpeMeHM):

а) xpoHOTonHHecKoe onncaHne BOCxoanT k nae^M M.M. BaxTMHa o «cjim 5ihmm» b x y a o>x e cTBeHhom TexcTe n pocTpa HCTBa m BpeMeHM;

б) onncaHne «tohkm 3peHM5i» b Texcre (naen B.A. YcneHCxoro, B.H. Bo/iownHOBa, l~.A. ryxoBCxoro n ap .), KOTopaî MO>xeT paccMaTpMBaTbcsi b pa3Hbix acnexTax: MaeMHO-UeHHOCTHOM, n pocTpa HCTBeH HO-BpeMeH HOM, acnexTe no3Munn Ha6/iioaaTe/i5i, onpeae/ieHM5i cy6"beKTa penn m t. a-

2. KoHTHHya/ibHoe (Hepacn/ieHeHHoe) onncaHne, npn kotopom BpeMfl m npocTpaHCTBO He pacH/ieHeHbi: BpeMfl m npocTpaHCTBO « T ep51 KDT» CBOM l~pa M MaTMHeCKMe M coaep>xaTenbHbie xa pa KTepncTn km . T ax , HanpMMep, apryMeHTaTMBHbie TexcTbi (npecc-pe/w3bi, pexnaMa m t . a.) x ap ax T e p n 3 y i O T C 5 i B pe Me He M y H M B e p c a / i b H b i M , coeanH5iK)LaMM xapaxTepncTMKM npoiunoro, HacT05iLaero m 6yayiaero. KoMnoHeHT HacT05iLaero o6yc/iOB/ieH TeM, hto apryMeHTauM5i nponcxoanT b Hacro5iLann MOMem-, cennac. K o M n o H e H T n p o i u j i o r o o 6 y c / i O B / i e H H a / i n n n e M onpeaeneHHoro onbiTa m o6"beMa nHc[)opMaunn y cy6"beKTOB apryMeHTnpoBaHM5i ao Hana/ia apryMeHTaunn. KoMnoHeHT

6 y f ly m e ro n p e f l C T a B / i n e T co 6 o n B 0 3 M 0 > K H 0 C T b

M O fle/inpoBaHnn apryMeHTaTMBHoro npouecca n nporH 03npoBaH nn pe3y/ibTaTOB. npocTpaHCTBO b

apryMeHTaTkiBHbix TexcTax Bx/iKDHaeT b ce6n, xpoMe co6cTBeHHO c[}H3HHecxoro npocTpaHCTBa, e iue n MHc|DopMai4noHHoe, nHTe/inexTya/ibHoe, xyjibTypo/ion/mecxoe n flpyrne Bnflbi npocrpaHCTB.

AcnexT Bbi6opa roBopnujnM peHeBoro >xaHpa CBSBaH c onpefle/ieHneM peHeBoro >xaHpa «He xax OTHOcnTe/ibHO ycTonhn b o t o TeMaTi/mecxoro, xoM no3nunoHHoro n crn/incTHHecxoro Tuna Bbicxa3biBaHnn, a TexcTa» [OeflocKDx 1997, c. 26]. PeHeBon >xaHp, no BaxTnHy, xapaxTepn3yeTcn CMbicnoBon 3aBepmeHHOCTbK) n CMeHon cy6"bexTOB penn. Ho Taxon noflxofl He xBa/incjDnunpyeT xax >xaHpbi Taxne Texc™, xax cnop, flncxyccnn, 6ecefla. Ka>xflbin n3 Taxoro poâ TexcTOB o 6 naflaeT cneunc[}HHecxnMn HepTaMn, h o

npeflCTaBnneT co6 on coBOxynHOCTb Bbicxa3biBaHnn, npnHafl/ie>xaLunx pa3HbiM roBopnujnM. Onpeae/ieHne peHeBoro >xaHpa xax Tuna TexcTa no3BO/ineT CHUTaTb >xaHpaMn Taxne pa3HOBnflHOcrn TexcTOB, xax npeanc/iOBnn, nocBmueHnn, 3nn/iorn n t . n., Tax xax rpaHnuaMn 3Tnx TexcTOB He nB/ineTcn CMeHa cy6"bexTOB penn. Ka>xflbin n3 Ha3BaHHbix TnnoB TexcTOB 0 6 / ia f la e T CBonMn TeMaTnnecxnMn, xoMno3nunoHHbiMn n CTn/incTnHecxnMn oco6eHHOCTnMn, bo MHoroM aHa/iornHHbiMn oco6eHHOcrnM Tex pa3HOBnflHOCTen TexcTOB, xoTopbie npnHnTO CHnTaTb >xaHpaMn. npn TaxoM no flxo fle pa3rpaHnHnBax)Tcn 3neMeHTapHbie n xoMn/iexcHbie peneBbie >xaHpbi. «nofl 3neMeHTapHbiMn peHeBbiMn >xaHpaMn noHnMaxrrcn Taxne TeMaTnnecxne, xoMno3nunoHHbie n cm/incrnHecxne Tnnbi TeXCTOB, B COCTaBe XOTOpbIX OTCyTCTByKDT XOMnOHeHTbl, xoTopbie, b cbokd OHepeflb, MoryT 6biTb xBa/incjDnunpoBaHbi xax TexcTbi onpeae/ieHHbix >xaHpoB. K Hnc/iy 3/ieMeHTapHbix

p e n e B b ix >xaH poB O THO CflTca, H a n p n M e p , c o o 6 iu e H n e ,

n o x B a /ia , n p n B eT C T B n e n /in n p n x a 3 . H to >xe x a c a e T c a

K O M nn excH b ix p e n e B b ix >xaH poB , t o 3Tn Tnnb i TexcTO B

c o c t o a t n3 ko m n o H eH T O B , K O Topbie , b CBOK) o n e p e f lb ,

n p eflC T aB /i5H 0T c o 6 o n TexcTb i o n p e f le /ie H H b ix >xaH poB .

K o M n / i e x c H b i e p e n e B b i e > x a H p b i M o r y T 6 b i T b

MOHO/iornnecKnMn, t . e. Bx/uonaiOLunMn b ce6a KOMnoHeHTbi,

KOTopbie npnHaflne>KaT o^HOMy roBopsuueMy n /in n n w ym eM y

( H a n p n M e p , y T e i u e H n e , y 6 e > x f l e H n e , y r o B o p b i ) , n

f l n a / i o r n n e c K n M n , c o c T o a i u n M n n 3 p e n / i n x p a 3 H b i x

KOMMyHnxaHTOB (H a n p n M e p , 6 e c e a a fln c x y c c n a , cn o p n /in

c c o p a )» [OeflociOK 1997, c. 26].

KpoMe yc/iOBnn ocyiuecTB/ieHna xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro

axTa n Bbi6opa roBopsuunM peneBoro >xaHpa, b onncaHnn

cnTyaunn nopo>xfleHnfl TexcTa Bbifle/isnoTCfl n cyry6o

5i3bixoBbie cn o co 6 b i ycn/ieH na CMbic/ia b c n T y a u n n

nopoxfleHna. K noflo6HbiM cnoco6aM OTHOCflTca:

1) HeopflnHapHaa (oxxa3noHa/ibHafl) coneTaeMOCTb 3/ ieMeHTOB TexcTa (xax ceMaHTnnecxaa , Tax nc|}opMajibHO-CTpyxTypHafl);

2) Tax Ha3biBaeMoe «3Mc|)aTnHecxoe Hanpa>xeHne» - ypoBeHb 3MOunoHa/ibHon HacbiiueHHOCTn TexcTa, cooTHOcnMoe c xaTeropnsiMn TOHanbHOCTn TexcTa n cy6"bexTnBHon MO a/ibHOCTn;

3) «r/iy6nHHoe (6aTn3MaTnnecxoe) Hanpa>xeHne», B03Hnxax)iuee b pe3y/ibTaTe Hajio>xeHnfl Ha Jiexcnnecxyx) ceMaHTnxy pa3/innHbix TexcTOBbix c m n c /io b , BJinflHna coflep>xaHn5i xoMno3nunoHHon CTpyxTypbi npon3BefleHna, a Tax>xe pa3/iHHHbix axcTpa/inHrBncTnnecxnx (HanpnMep, xy/ibTyponornnecxnx) cjDaxTopoB [MyxnH, 1997, c. 164].

I IO H I IM a H M e KaK CnOCOG BK /ltO HeH M fl TeKC Ta BO

B H e T e K C T O B y io f le n c T B M T e / ib H O C T b . C y m H O C T b m

MexaHM3M MHTepnpeTauMM. B H acro M Lu ee BpeMM b

JlMHrBMCTMKe C/10>XMJlMCb pa3Hbie nOAXOflbl K nOHMMaHMK) M MHTepnpeTauMM TexcTa. nepBbift m cxo am t m3 Toro, m to

« MHTepnpeTauMM npeflcraB/iMeT co6oft no/iyMeHMe Ha ocHOBe oflHoro MCxoflHoro o 6 t e x T a (Ha3bi BaeMoro MHTepnpeTMpyeMbiM o6"bexTOM) Apyroro, npeA/iaraeMoro MHTepnpeTaTopoM b xanecTBe paBHOCM/ibHoro MCxoAHOMy Ha XOHXpeTHOM C|DOHe CMTyauMM, Ha6opa npe3yMnUMM, 3H3HMM (B.3. fleMbMHXOB); BTopoft noAXOA (A.B. BoHAapxo) cocpeAOTOMeH Ha M3yMeHmm m HTepn peTa u m o h h o t o

xomnoHeHTa b coa g p>xahmm M3bixoBbix eAh h m u ,

AMCjDCjDepeHUMaUMM M B3aMMOAeftCTBMM MbIC/lMTe/lbHOM o c h o b n m ee M3bix o b o m MHTepnpeTauMM (cnoco6e npeAcraB/ieHMM), xoTopaM pea/iM3yeTCM b pa3/iMMHbix TMnax CTpyXTypMpoBahmm CMbic/ia. M o>xho Tax>xe roBopMTb 06 MHTepnpeTauMM CBoero/My>xoro noBeAeHMM» [TpMno/ibcxaM 2001, c. 3]. TaxMM o6pa30M, TexcT, Bx/ix)HaMCb bo

BHeTexcTOByx) AGMTe/ibHOCTb, BbiCTynaeT m xax pe3y/ibTaT MHTepnpeTauMM, m xax cpeACTBO MHTepnpeTauMM, m xax BHeiuHMe ycnoBMM MHTepnpeTauMM.

TexcT xax pe3y/ibTaT MHTepnpeTauMM npeACTaB/iMeT co6oft m t o t ocBoeHMe m aAanTauMM c/iyuia X) la m m

C0Aep>xaHMM m c x o a h o to , nepeAaBaeMoro to b o p m lam m ,

TexcTa. 3 t o npMHMTMe no/iyneHHOM MHc|)opMauMM m

Bx/ix)MeHMe ee b xapTMHy MMpa c/iywaxDLAero: «l"IOHMTb TexcT, ocBOMTb ero coAep>xaTe/ibHOCTb - 3H3mmt /aim MeHM o6paTMTb Becb mom onbiT Ha TexcT m npM 3tom npMHMTb ero C0Aep>xaTenbH0CTb Tax, m to 6 n OHa cra/ia nacrbX) Moeft cy6"bexTMBHOCTM, 3aTeM pa3Ae/iMTb ero coAep>xaTe/ibHOCTb xax OTpa>xeHMe ny>xoro onbiTa b cor/iacMM c momm onbiTOM, Aa/iee Bbi6paTb M3 s t o t o pa3Ae/ieHmm ( h c m b h o

npoTexax)LAero aHa/iM3a) t o , h t o MHe HaAO a / ia Moeft AeMTenbHOCTM» [BorMH 1982, c. 3].

TexcT xax cpeflCTBO i/iHTepnpeTauni/i paccMaTpi/iBaeTcn b to m c/iynae, xorfla penb nfleT o c|}yHKui/iOHi/ipoBaHi/ii/i MHTepnpeTaunoHHoro MexaHi/i3Ma. B KanecTBe 3HannMoro KOMnoHeHTa b i/iHTenpeTaui/iOHHbin MexaHi/i3M BK/uonaeTcn npecynno3i/iui/m: «npecynno3i/iui/m - 3 to KOMnoHeHT CMbic/ia TexcTa , KOTopbin He Bb ipaw eH c/iOBecHO, 3 t o

npeflBapi/iTe/ibHoe 3HaHi/ie, Aaioiuee B03M0>KH0CTb aflexBaTHO BOcnpi/mnTb TexcT. Taxoe npeABapi/iTe/ibHoe 3HaHkie m owho Ha3BaTb cjDOHOBbiM 3HaHkieM. npecynno3i/iui/m MOweT B03HMKHyTb npi/i HTeHi/11/1 npeAwecTByKDiuero TexcTa n/11/1 oxa3aTbcn BOBce 3a npefle/iaMi/i TexcTa xax pe3y/ibTaT 3HaHkm i/i onbiTa cocraBMTe/m TexcTa. OoHOBbie 3HaHi/m - 3 t o 3HaHkm pea/inn i/i xy/ibTypbi, KOTopbiMi/i o6/iaAax)T roBopniAi/iM i/i c/iyujaK)LUi/iM» [Ba/in/ma, 2003, c. 13]. 1/lMeHHO o t npecynno3i/iui/ii/i 3aBi/ici/iT «3anycK» i/iHTepnpeTaui/iOHHoro Mexahi/i3Ma: cjDOHOBbie 3Hahi/m onpeflenniOT, xaxoM K O M n o H e H T c o f l e p w a H k i n T e x c T a H y w ^ a e T c n b

AOnO/lHMTe/lbHOM l/ICTOJIKOBaHI/Il/l 1/IJll/l B KaKOM KOMnOHeHTe

3 H an eH i/m 3 a x /n o H e H i/iM n/inui/iTHbiM c m n c / i . M exaH i/i3M

M H T e p n p e T a u M M cy6"beK TM B eH . K a n e c T B e H H b i M co c T aB

npecynno3M UMM o n p e A e /m e T AOMMHaHTy MHTepnpeTauM M :

6yAb 3t o xaTeropi/m o 6p a3a aBTopa, xaTeropi/m ceMaHTMKi/i

CTpyKTypbi T excT a , /lexci/iHecxi/ie cnoco6b i MHTepnpeTauMM

mjim apryM eHTaukm xax cnoco6 MHTepnpeTauMM.

no MHeHMio KD.H. Kapay/iOBa, apryMeHTaui/m flB/meTcnA O C T a T O H H O TMni / IHHblM M H a C T O TH b IM M e x a HI / I3MOM

M H T e p n p e T a u M M , T a x x a x m 3 h a h a n b h 0

M H A M B M A yn b H O -cy6 'b exT i/iB H a . « A p ry M e H T a u i/m B c e rA a

aA pecoB aH a - aA p eco B aH a onpeA e/ieH H O M /im hhoctm m/im

r p y n n e / i i o a g m . B 3 t o m O T H O L u e H i / 11/1 ee m o w h o

n p o T M B o n o c T a B M T b A O x a 3 a T e /ib C T B y , K O T o p o e 6 b iB a e T

6e3aApecHbiM , yHMBepca/ibHO npi/mowi/iMbiM k /iio6o M y xp yry

onnoHeHTOB m yHMBepca/ibHO i/icno/ib3yeMbiM /iio6biM xpyroM

onnoH eH TO B » [K ap ay /iO B 2002, c. 245]. C to h k i/i 3peHi/m

a p ry M e H T a u n n , M exam /i3M i/iH T ep n p eT au n n n p e flc ra B /if le T

co6o n c[}yHKi4MOHnpoBaHi/151 MOfle/in noi/icxoBoro noBefleHi/i5i

ro B o p a iu ero n c/iywaiOLAero.

A p r y M e H T a T i / i B H a a f l e ^ T e / i b H O C T b i/i m e e t

B 3anM O H anpaB /ieH H bm B exTop B 03flencTBi/m : ro B o p fliu n n

c j D op M n py e T M O ^ e /ib a p r y M e H T a T M B H o r o n o i/ic x o B o ro

n o B eA eH i/i5 i a j ia c / i y w a i O L A e r o , c /iy w a iO L A i/in , b cbokd

O M e p e f l b , « p a 6 o T a e T » n o n p o r p a M M e a p r y M e H T a u n n ,

K O Topaa 3 a f l a H a ro B o p fliu i/iM . B 3a i/iM O H an p aB /ieH H O C T b

c[}opMnpoBaHn5i apryMeHTaTMBHon fleaTe/ibHOCTH B C T p a n B a e T C ^ i b p n T o p i / m e c K y i o M O f l e / i b p e n e B o n

KOMMyHnxaunn: roB opîunn B e p 6a /w 3 y eT apryMeHTaTi/iBHyx)

M O f l e / i b , c /iy iu a iO L A n n n o H H M a e T a p r y M e H T a T i / i B H o e

H a m e p e H i / i 5 i r o B o p ^ i u e r o . A f l e x B a T H O C T b c n o c o 6 o B

B e p 6 a / i n 3 a u n n n n o H H M a H H 5 i o 6 e c n e m / i B a e T c a

«Hfle0J10m HeCKHM MOHH3MOM, eflHHCTBOM TOMeK 3peH H fl,

MOfla/ibHOH ycTaHOBKH» [K ynn H a 1995, c. 53]. n o n cxo B o e

n o B e fle H n e paccM aTpi/iBaeTC5i x a x n o c /ie flO B aT e/ib H O C T b

A e n c T B H H r o B o p a iu e r o n c /iy w a iO L A e ro , CB A3a HHbix c ue/ieH anpaB neH H biM H/ieHeHi/ieM c/ieflyiOLAi/ix KOMnoHeHTOB

n o /ia a p r y M e H T a u n n : c n o p H o ro n o /io > x eH i/m , T e 3 n c o B ,

a p r y M e H T O B , - n n o c rp o e H i/ie M n3 3 t h x k o m n o H e H T O B

apryM eH TaTM B H on crp yK T yp b i T e x c T a . np i/m eM b M Oflyce

noncxoB oro noBefleHi/m apryMeHTaTMBHa5i CTpyxTypa TexcTa

np i/iH un nn ajib H O OAHOTe3i/iCHa, T a x x a x H a /in m /ie T e 3 n c a ,

o n p o B e p r a i o i u e r o c n o p H o e n o / i o > x e H i / i e , f l B / i a e T C f l

M36biTOMHbiM, nocK O /ibxy CHMMaeT u e /ieH an p aB /ieH H O C T b

« n o n c x a » , f la e T B03M0>KH0CTb M H Tep np eT aun n (c p . i/ifleio

H.A. Kyni/iHon o «crp yxTyp H on onpefle /ieH H O cn/i CBepxTexcra

n fle o /io re M ... TexcTOBbix o 6p a30B aH i/in H exaH O H i/m ecK oro

T n n a , C TpyxTypnpoBaHH bix 0 flH 0 T n n H 0 » [K yn n H a 1995, c. 53]. CyiAHOCTbio MOfle/in noncxoB oro noBefleHi/m flB/iaeTCfl

apryMeHTamBHan nporpaMMa, nMex)inan ncnxo/iornHecxnn n puTopnHecKkin ypoBHn c|DopMnpoBaHnn.

ncnxo/iornHecKnn ypoBeHb npeflno/iaraeT opraHH3aunK) roBopnujHM 3TanoB AenTe/ibHOCTn cjiywaKDLuero, noc/ieflOBaTe/ibHO pea/in3yx) xoTopbie, cuymaKDLAnn npnxofli/rr k y6e>xfleHnx). ChnpaBHott tohxoh nB/meTcn aHa/in3 roBopnmi/iM noTpe6HOcrett c/iywaxDLnero. Onpefle/inKDTcn nepapxnn noTpe6HOCTen, Bbifle/inx)Tcn KBa3nnoTpe6HOCTn n nceBflonoTpe6HOCTn (cp.: «c|DopMnpoBaHne cneunc|)HHecxnx He/iOBenecxHx npeAMeTH0-c[)yHKi4H0Ha/ibHbix noTpe6HOcrett boaht b xpyr noTpe6HOCTen HeBHTa/ibHbie noTpe6HOcrn, Heo6xoAHMOCTb KOTOpbIX HHXaX He «KOHTpO/lHpyK)TCn» 06"beXTHBHblMH ycuoBnnMki cyiAecTBOBaHnn He/iOBexa... oco6eHHO b cc|)epe couna/ibHbix n couna/ibHO-ncnxo/iornHecxnx OTHOiijeHHH» [TapacoB 1974, c. 45], onpeAe/mxrrcn CMbicuoo6pa3yx)ri4nn motub AenTe/ibHOCTn, npnflax)LAnn jiHHHOcmbitt xapaxTep, n MOTHB-CTHMy/i, Bbino/iHnx)LAnn po/ib Aono/im/iTe/ibHoro no6y>xAax)LAero cjDaxTopa.

Btopnm 3TanoM nB/meTcn 3Tan onepnpoBaHnn noTpe6HOCTnMn: / in 6o CMbic/iooo6pa3yx)LAnn motub BeflyiAero Tuna AenTe/ibHOcm fle/iaeTcn ochobhnm mothbom AenTe/ibHOCTn, /in 6o nponcxoflnT nepenepapxn3aunn mothBa AenTe/ibHOCTn Ayfli/iTopnn. TaxHM o6pa30M, onepnpoBaHne noTpe6HOCTnMH nponcxofli/iT /in 6o npn noMOLAki nepecTpottxn nepapxnn noTpe6HOcrett, /in6o npn noMOLAki axTyann3aunn noTpe6HOCTett. Pe3y/ibTaTOM axTya/ in3aunM noTpe6HOCTn nB/meTcn nonB/ieHkie xBa3nnoTpe6HOCTM (cBepxnoTpe6HOCTn), pe3y/ibTaTOM nepenepapxn3aunn nonB/meTcn nceBAonoTpe6HOCTb (/io>xHan noTpe6HOCTb). Cnoco6aMn onepnpoBaHnn noTpe6HOCTnMn c/iy>xaT cnoco6bi co3flaHi/m Aono/iHi/rre/ibHbix ncnxo/iorkiHecxnx ueHHOcren, cnoco6bi co3flaHi/m nMHA>xa n

t . a . P e 3 y / i b T a T 0 M n B /in e T c n C 0 3 a a H n e n o n c x o B o r o

n o B e a e H n n . flaH H b in 3Tan B b iae /in eTcn yc/iOBHO, T a x x a x

o n e p n p o B a H n e noTpe6H O crnM n y>xe 3 a x /iaa b iB a e T M o ae /ib

noncxoB oro noB eaeH nn, TeM He M eHee, B b iae/ieH ne aaH H o ro

3Tana Ba>KHO c tohkm 3peHMn pe3y/ibTaTM bhoctm . M o a e /ib

n o n c K O B o r o n o B e a e H n n n p e a n o / i a r a e T o p r a H M 3 a u n K )

ro B o p m u n M x o a a a e n T e /ib H O c rn c /iy iuaK D Laero . M o a e /ib

B K / i K D H a e T 3 T a n b i a e n T e / i b H O C T n c / i y i u a i o m e r o ,

n o c / i e a o B a T e / i b H O p e a / i n 3 y n K O T o p b i e , a o c T n r a e T c n

np o rH 03M p yeM b m ro B o p n u jn M p e 3 y /ib T a T . fla H H b ie 3Tanbi

xp aT xo ccjDopMyjiMpoBaHbi b M3BecTHOM c|DopMyjie a id a : a (a tte n tio n ) - 03H anaeT BHMMaHne, i ( in te re s t) - MHTepec, d

(d e s ire ) - cjDopMMpoBaHMe MOTMBaunn, a (a c tio n ) - OTBeTHan

p ea x u n n , aencTBMe c/iyiuaKDLuero.

PMTopMHecxMM ypoBeHb CB5i3ah c nocTpoeHMeM apryMeHTaTMBHOM Moae/in noncKOBoro noBeaeHnn. flaHHan Moaeab npeano/iaraeT aaexBaTHOCTb Bbi6opa apryMeHTOB b

3aBMCMMOCTM OT npo6/ieMHOM CMTyaUMM, CCjDOpMMpOBaHHOM B

xoae apryMeHTaunn: «B cn/iy to i~o , h to a/ibTepHaTMBbi Bbl6opa Cn0C060B paCKpblTMn KOHC|DJinKTHblX CMTyaUMM He aaHbi a priori, ohm KOHcrpynpyiOTcn OTBeTCTBeHHbiM 3a npMH5iTMe peweHnn jim uom , m npaBM/ia KOHcrpynpoBaHnn a/lbTepHaTMB OKa3blBaKDTCn Ba>KHenLUMM MOMeHTOM B

npMHflTMM peilieHMM. npM KOHCTpynpOBaHMM a/lbTepHaTMB 6ojibiuoe 3HaneHMe mMeeT apryMeHTaunn b no/ib3y BxmoneHnn Tex mjim m h n x a/ibTepHaTMB b cnncox 3HanMMbix» [CepreeB 1998, c. 4-5].

PMTopMHecxMM cn o co 6 KOHcrpynpoBaHnn a/ibTepHaTMB

(mjim aaexB aTH o ro n o a 6 o p a apryMeHTOB b 3aBMCMMOCTM o t

CCjDepbl K O M M y H M K a u M M ) C B513 3 H C n o c T p o e H M e M

« H o p M a T M B H o n M o a e /in a H a j i n T n x o - a p r y M e H T a T M B H o r o

noHMMaHnn, h to ao/i>KHO BbiCTynaTb b xanecTBe 6a3bi an n

o6o cH O B aH nn ... oO bncH M Te/ibH on x o H u e n u n n noHM M aHnn

TexcTa» [3a/ieBCxan 2001, c. 38]. PnTopnnecxoe noHkiMaHne b k j iK)naeT b ce6n co 6cTBeHHO j inHrBncTnnecxne, KOMMyHHKaTHBHbie, ceMnoTnnecxne xapaKTepncTnxn.

Co6cTBeHHO /lnHrBncTnHecxon xapaxTepncTnxon nB/ineTcn cnoco6HOCTb apryMeHTaTnBHon xoMno3nunn 6biTb pea/in30BaHHon b acnexTe ropn30HTa oxnâHnn n o6MaHyToro o>xnflaHnn. ApryMeHTaTnBHan xoMno3nunn npeano/iaraeT Ha/innne c/ieflyx)Lunx KOMnoHeHTOB: HanaTO (BK/iKDHaeT BCTyn/ieHne, r/iaBHyx) Mbic/ib, pa3fle/ieHne), cepe^nHa (BK/iKDHaeT n3/io>xeHne, o6ocHOBaHne, onpoBep>xeHne) n 3ax/ix)HeHne (o6o6iueHne (b n b o a ) n B033BaHne). HanaTO CBsoaHO c cjDopMy/inpoBaHneM cnopHoro no/io>xeHnn n npefl/io>xeHneM cnoco6oB peweHnn npo6/ieMbi (BbiflBn>xeHneM Te3ncoB), h t o CBn3aHO c pea/in3aunen cjDyHKunn npeflcraB/ieHnn roBopnujero n 3aBoeBaHneM cnymaKDLuero. flaHHan cjDyHxunn nMeeT BonnoiueHne Ha 3Tane onepnpoBaHnn noTpeOHOcrnMn (attention, interest). KoMno3nunoHHan cepe^HHa CBn3aHa c apryMeHTaTnBHon pa3pa6oTxon cnopHoro no/io>xeHnn, c/ieflOBaTe/ibHO, pea/in3yeTcn cjDyHxunn n3/io>xeHnn apryMeHTaTnBHon CTpyKTypbl. KoMno3nunoHHoe 3aBepmeHne Bbino/iHneT cjDyHKunn pa3pa6oTxn nporpaMMbi aenTe/ibHOCTn fl/in cnymaKDLuero, h to cooTHOcnTcn c 3TanoM desire.

npeflCTaB/ieHHan xoMno3nunn pea/in3yeTcn b

3aBncnMOCTn o t no/in apryMeHTaunn: xoMno3nunn MO>xeT nMeTb npnMon n o6paTHbin xapaKTep (HanpnMep, o6paTHan xoMno3nunn HannHaeTcn c n3/io>xeHnn apryMeHTOB n 3axaHHnBaeTcn cjDopMy/inpoBKon cnopHoro no/io>xeHnn; MO>xeT 6biTb nponycx cncTeMbi apryMeHTOB n/in nensnan c[}opMy/inpoBKa Te3nca). B c/iynae npeflCTaB/ieHnn nHBapnaHTHon xoMno3nunn c/iywaKDLunn «pa6oTaeT» b

pe>xnMe nporH03npoBaHnn nonB/ieHnn noc/ieflyx)Luero xoMnoHeHTa (ropn30HT oxnâHnn). Pea/w30BaHHan MO e/ib

KOMno3nunn n p e ^ n o /ia ra e T H ap yw eH n e n p o m o 3 a , h to flaeT

3ctDc[}eKT Heo^nflaHHOCTu, npnB /iexaeT BHUMaHne, B03HnxaeT

«c n H T a rM a T n n ec K o e H anpa>xeH ne (TepM nH B.r. A a m o h h ),

noflB Jiax)Lueecfl b cn H T arM aT n n ecK O M pîfly b n p o u e c c e

pa3B epTb iB aH H 5i s t o t o p a f la x a x c o o T H O iu e H n e M e>xfly

n p e fliu e c T B y x )L u n M n n o c jie flyK D L u n M x o M n o H e H T a M n

xo M n o 3n u n n » [M yxn H 1997, c. 354]. fla H H o e Hanpa>xeHne

MMeeT 3c|x|DexT o6M aH yToro o>xnflaHnfl.

K o r H k i T k i B H b i e x a p a x T e p n c T n x n 3 a x / i x ) n e H b i b

cno co6H O C T n c[}opM npoB aTb a p ry M e H T a T n B H y x ) M O ^ e /ib

noHMMaHne TexcTa, mto cooTBeTCTByeT n ^ e e o «A3bixe xax

3ctDc[}exTHBHOM cpeflCTBe BHeflpeHH5i b xom nTnB H yx) cncreM y

p eu nnneH Ta xoH uenTya/ibH bix x o H crp yx u n n , M acro noMMMO

C03HaHi/m p e u n n n e H T a . fl3b ix , TaxnM o 6 p a 3 0 M , B b icrynaeT

x a x c o u n a / i b H a f l c n / i a , x a x c p e f l C T B O H a B A 3 b i B a H H f l

B3r/i5iflOB» [C ep reeB 1998, c. 7 ] . B n p o u ecce nopo>xfleHnfl

apryM eH TaTnB H oro TexcTa (x a x n b n p o u ec c e noH H M aH na)

nH c jD op M a un ^ T p a H c e j D o p M n p y e T c a . Ha n e p B O M 3 T a n e

TpaHCc|DopM aunn ro B o p ^ iu n n c o 3 fla e T H exo T o p b in o 6 p a 3

TexcTa. 3 t o 3Tan noflB /ieHna apryM eHTaTnBHoro HaM epeHna.

Ha b t o p o m 3 T a n e a p r y M e H T a T n B H o e H a M e p e H n e

x o p p e x T n p y e T c a : o 6 p a 3 T e x c T a n p n o 6 p e T a e T

apryM eH T aTH B H bie x a p a x T e p n c T n x n , 3 a fla x )iu n e c fl n o /ieM

apryM eH Taunn. flaH H bin 3Tan onpefle /iaeTC fl xax Me>xTexcT,

T a x x a x e r o O H T O / i o r n n e c x n M c b o h c t b o m f lB / i a e T C f l

n p n H u n n n a / i b H a f l B 0 3 M 0 > x H 0 C T b x a n e c T B e H H o r o

n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n a H H c t D o p M a u n n . B p e 3 y / i b T a T e

n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n ^ n o flB /iaeT C fl x B a 3 H T e x c r (T p e T n n 3Tan

n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n a H H c j D o p M a u n n ) : a p r y M e H T a T n B H o e

H a M e p e H n e n p e o 6 p a 3 y e T c a b a p r y M e H r a T H B H y x )

y B e p e H H O C T b . Ha n e T B e p T O M 3 T a n e n o c / i e O T 6 o p a

a p r y M e H T O B n A 3b ixo B b ix c p e ^ C T B , p e a /in 3 y x )L u n x 3Tn

apryM eHTbi, noflB/iaeTCfl co6cTBeHHO TexcT.

3Tanbi n p eo 6p a30B am /m o 6 p a 3 re K c ra - M e x c re K c r -

K B d 3 M T e K C T — T e K C T OnMCblBaX)T C[)OpMa/lbHyK) M OfleUb

nopo>KAeHMM m noHMMaHMM ap ryM eH T aT M B H o ro TexcT a m

npeA C TaB /lM X)T BHeiUHMM XOTHMTMBHO-AeMTe/lbHOCTHblM

MexaHM3M apryM eH TaTM B H oft AeMTe/ibHOCTM. BHyTpeHHMM

M e x a H M 3 M o n p e fle u M e T C M M H o r o a c n e x T H o f t n p M p o A o f t

a p r y M e H T a u M M . Ka>xAbift M3 a c n e x T O B a p r y M e H T a u M M

( j i o r n h e c x i i m , n c n x o n H T e / i / i e x T y a / i b H b i i i ,

XOMnOSMUMOHHO-CTpyXTypHblM, TaXTMXO-CTpaTerMHeCXMft)

c[)opMMpyeT o c o 6 o e n o n e apryMeHTauMM b 3aBMCMMOCTM o t

x a p a x T e p a Bbino/iHMeMOM mm c|)yHxuMM. I1o/im cjDyHxuMM,

CC[)OpMMpOBaBLUMCb aBTOHOMHO, 06p a3yK )T AMHaMMHeCXyK)

crpyxTypbi m n ep n o /iM apryMeHTaTMBHOM d p y H K u ,m . flflepHbiM

x o M n o H e H T O M rM n e p n o /iM B b iC T y n ae T AOMMHMpyKDiuaM

apryMeHTaTMBHaM c|)yHxuMm. nepMc|)epMMHbie xoMnoHeHTbi -

ycnoBMM m cnoco6bi pea/iM3auMM AOMMHMpyKDiueM c|)yHxuMM.

O c h o b h n m m x a p a x T e p m c t m x a m m r M n e p n o j i M

apryMeHTaTMBHOM C|)yHXUMM MBJ1MX)TCM MHO>XeCTBeHHOCTb

n o /ie ft cjDyHxuMM, AMHaMMHHOCTb c rp y x T y p b i, nepeceH eH M e

nepMc[)epMMHbix xoM noH eH TO B (n o A p o 6 H e e o c rp y x T y p e

m n e p n o /iM cm. [K a n e co B a 1 9 9 9 , c .8 0 ] ) . TaxM M o 6 p a 3 0 M ,

MexaHM3M nopo>xfleHMM m noHMMaHMM apryM eH TaTM B H oro

T e x c T a m m e e t A B a y p o b h m : b h e m h m m

xomMTMBHO-AeMTe/ibHOCTHbiM MexaHM3M npeo6pa30B aH M M

a p r y M e H T a T M B H o r o H a M e p e H m m b a p r y M e H T a T M B H y x )

yBepeHHOCTb M BHyTpeHHMM, CBM3aHHblft C AHHaMMHHOCTbX)

rMnepno/iM apryMeHTaTMBHOM c|)yHxuMM.

C eM motm H e c x M e x a p a xTepMCTM xm o 6 y c /iO B /ie H b i

OnMCaHHbIMM fO.M. JlOTMaHOM 0 C0 6 eHH0 CTMMM nOpOXAGHMM

T e x c T a . no MHeHMX) fO.M. J lo T M a H a , H e a A e x B a T H O C T b

a r e H T O B X O M M y H M X a U M M n p e B p a i u a e T c a M c | ) a x T

H e c o B n a A e H M M ce MM O TM He c x Mx cm ctcm ro B o p M iu e ro m

c u y iu a x )L A e ro M3 naccM B H oft n e p e A a n M MHc[)opMauMM b

KOHc|}Jim<THyK) n r p y . B x o f l e n r p b i x a w ^ a n C T o p o H a

c t p e m i/i T e n n e p e c T p o k i T b c e M i / i O T i / m e c K i / m Mi / ip

n p o T M B o n o /io w H O no CB oeM y o 6 p a 3 y n oflH O B peM eH H O

3 a M H T e p e c o B a H a b c o x p a H e m /n /i C B o e o 6 p a 3 i/m C B o e r o

K O H T p a r e H T a [ J1 o t m a h 1 996 , c. 1 3 ]. B a c n e x T e

a p r y M e H T a u k i M « k o h c | ) j i n K T H a n n r p a » i /m e e T b i/ia

n p o 6 /ie M H O M c n T y a u n n , p e a /in 3 0 B a H H 0 k i nocpeflC TB O M

B b i f l e / i e H k i n K O M n o H e H T O B n o / i n a p r y M e H T a u n n ;

«CTpeM/ieHkie n e p e fle /iaT b M np» penpe3eH TnpyeT cymHOCTb

nokiCKOBoro noBefleHi/m b apryMeHTaTkiBoi/i flenTe/ibHOCTi/i.

Taxi/iM o 6p a30M , npn cjDopMi/ipoBaHi/ii/i apryMeHTaTkiBHon

C T p yK T yp b i T e x c T a B b ifle /is n o T c n n c n x o jio rn H e c K i/m n

pi/iTopi/mecKi/iM cnoco6bi p e n p e3 e H T au n n apryM eHTaTkiBHon

n p o r p a M M b i , h t o C B A 3 a H O c M O fle /ib io n o n c x o B o r o

n o B e f l e H k i n . f l a h h a n m o a e ji b o n n c b i B a e T

u e /ieH an paB /ieH H O C T b nopo>KAeHi/m TexcTa roBopniAi/iM n

a f l e x B a T H O C T b n o H M M a H n n T e x c T a c j i y u j a x ) L A H M .

n c k ix o /io rk iH e c K M M c n o c o 6 CBA3aH c o n e p n p o B a H n e M

n o T p e 6 H O C T n M M , c o 3 A a H k ie M n c i/ ix o jio r i/ in e c K o ro x o ^ a

AenTenbHOCTM c/iywaiOLAero. PnTopnHecxni/i cnoco6 CBSBaH c n o c T p o e H k ie M a p r y M e H T a T k i B H o n M O A e / i n n o n c x o B o r o

n o B e fle H k m , h t o , b c b o io o n e p e f l b , o cH O B b iB aeT cn Ha

c o 6 c T B e H H O jii/iH rB i/iC T H H e c K i/ix , k o m M y H i / i x a T i / i B H b i x ,

ceMMOTMHecKkix xapaxTepi/iCTi/ixax noHi/iMaHi/m.

O co 6eH H O C T k i cjDopM M poBaHkm a p r y M e H T a T k i B H o n

CTpyKTypbi i/iMeiOT M Horon/iaHOBbin x a p a x T e p n CBsoaHbi c M H O T O n / i a HOBO CT blO K 0 M n 0 3 H I 4 H 0 H H 0 k i p e a / l M 3 a i 4 M M

a p r y M e H T a T M B H O k i C T p y K T y p b i T e x c T a . B b iA e /is n o T c n

K O r H k l T I / I B H b l M , K O M M y H I / I K a T I / I B H b l M ,

c e M k i O T k i K O - n p a r M a T k i n e c K k i k i c n o c o 6 p e a / i k i 3 a u k i k i .

npeflnaraeM biki aHani/13 ocHOBaH Ha nA ee KOHcrpynpoBaHi/m

apryMeHTaTkiBHbix a/ibTepHaTkiB, h to HaxoAkiT O Tpaw eHne b

nopowfleHkiki apryMeHTaTkiBHO-ckiHTaxckiHecKOki CTpyKTypbi

TexcTa. n o fl KOHCTpynpoBaHneM nom/iMaeTC5i cnoco6HOCTb

a p ryM eH T aT M B H o n CTpyxTypbi T excT a k C B epTbiB aH nx) n

p a 3 B e p T b iB a H n x ). KorHMTMBHbin a c n e x T n p e A n o j ia r a e T

p a c c M O T p e H n e K O M n o 3 n u n n T e x c T a x a x

n p eA nxaT H O -aK T aH TH on C TpyxTypbi, b KOMMyHnxaTMBHOM

acnexTe BbiABnraeTca on ncaH n e 3aBncnMOCTn KOMnoHeHTOB

a p r y M e H T a T M B H o n C T p yxT yp b i T e x c T a o t T n n a T e x c T a ,

c e m n o t m x o - n p a r M a T M M e c K n n a c n e x T s w n s n n e T

COOTHOLUeHMe CMblC/lOBblX 30H TeKCTa M KOMnOHeHTOB

apryMeHTaTMBHon CTpyxTypbi.

PaccMOTpeHne TexcTa b Bnê BHenih m x yc/iOBnn M H T ep np eT au n n o6ycjiOBJieHO CKJiaAbiBaiOLAenca b

HacTOfliuee BpeM5i TeH fleHunen onncaHnn TexcTa xax cjDopMa/ibHon eAMHnubi Ky/ibTypbi, a xyjibTypa cocraBJiaeT HanBbiciunn ypoBeHb s b w k o b o m cncTeMbi. «Taxon B3mflA Ha TexcT npeflno /iaraeT ncaieAOBaHne ero ceMnoTMMecxon npnpoflbi b HenocpeflCTBeHHon cbsbm c n3MeHMMBOCTbX) ero CMbic/iOBon CTpyxTypbi, noABMWHOCTbio n pa3HOo6pa3neM B03M0>KH0CTen ero npamaTMHecKon cyiuHOCTn» [Bacn/ibeBa 1997, c. 152]. l/lcxoa* M3 npeflno>xeHHon B.B. Bacn/ibeBon TpaxTOBxn, MexaHM3M npeo6pa30BaHM5i jiio6oro TexcTa b

TeKCT-nHTepnpeTaunio oiy>xnT o c h o b o m a / ia co3flaHHfl jinHrBO-xy/ibTyponornMecKon MOAejin TexcTa.

Me>KTeKCT xax c n o c o 6 b k j i io neH nsi TexcTa b o

BHeTexcTOByx) AencTBMTenbHOCTb.

C y m H O C T b M e > K T e K C T a . Me>KTeKCT n p e A c ra B J ia e T

co6on MOflenb B3anMOAencTBM5i MexaHM3MOB nopo>KAeHnfl n

M H T e p n p e T a u n n x a x c n o c o 6 o B B K JuoH eH na T e x c T a bo

BHeTexcTOByx) AencTBMTe/ibHOCTb. Texcr bo BHeTexcTOBon

A e n C T B M T e / l b H O C T n MO>KeT n p O flB J lflT b C e 6 fl B A B y x

n n o cracax : xax KOMnoHeHT, BxniOMeHHbin b cnTyaun io , n xax

K O M n o H e H T , y u a c T B y x ) l a n n b p a 3 J i n u H o r o p o A a

3 B O K a u n o H H b i x n TpaHCc|DopM ai4 MOHHbix n p o u e c c a x . B n e p B O M c / i y n a e me>KTeKCT p e n p e 3 e H T n p y e T M O f l e / i b

n o /iyn eH n n TexcroM ckiTyainB H bix x a p a x T e p n c rn x (b Bkifle

TexcTa, aflanTnpoB aH H oro x cn T y a u n n ), bo btopom - MOAe/ib

B3aHMOOTHOiiieHnn Mex<Ay pa3HbiMn TexcTaM n b cn T yau n n .

CyiAHOCTb M e>xTexcTa c|DaHTOMHa (M O fle /in p y e M a ), xoTn

cnoco6bi e ro p ea /in 3au n H c[)yHxuHOHa/ibHbi n cnTyaTnBHbi.

M e > x T e x c T - n p o m e x y t o h h bi ii xoMMyHMxaTMBHO-flenTe/ibHOCTHbin 3Tan MexcrexcTOBon TpaHCc[)opMauHH. Oh HHTerpnpyeT xax HepTbi TexcTOB, Bx/ix)neHHbix b npoueccbi 3BOxaunn n TpaHCc|)opMauHH, Tax m xapaxTepncTHXM caMon cnTyaunn. 3 to CBoero poAa MOfle/ib B3anMOOTHOLueHnn n B3anMOBx/ix)HeHnn TexcTOB, BOB/ieneHHbix b xoMMyHnxaTHBHbin axT. Me>xTexcT - aflanTMBHan eflnHnua, noACTpaHBaioiAan TexcT noA cnTyaunx) (cnTyaunoHHan MOAe/ib, no T.A. BaH flenxy). AAanTnBHbin MexaHn3M ctDyHxunoHnpoBaHnn Me>xTexcTa no3BO/ineT /ix)6biM TexcTaM b xomMyHnxaTnBHOM axTe nonynaTb (/in6o bocct3HaB/inBaTb) xapaxTepncrnxn cnTyaunn, Heo6xoAnMbie Rnn ycnewHoro npoTexam/m xoMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa: «B ocHOBe cnTyaunoHHbix MOAe/ien /ie>xaT He a6cTpaxTHbie 3HaHnn o CTepeoTnnHbix co6biTnnx n cnTyaunnx, a jwHHOcmbie 3HaHnn HOcnTe/ien n3b ixa, axxyM y/inpyx)LA ne nx npeAwecTByKDiAnn HHAnBHAya/ibHbin onbiT, ycTaHOBxn n HaMepeHnn, HyBCTBa n 3mouhh... Mbi noHHMaeM TexcT to jib x o TorAa, xorAa noHnMaeM cnTyaunio, o xoTopon hast penb. Hcno/ib30BaHne MOAe/ien o6"bncHneT, noneMy c/iymaiOLAne npexpacHO noHnMaiOT HMnnnunTHbie n HencHbie c|DparMeHTbi TexcTOB - b 3tom c/iynae ohh axTnBH3npyx)T cooTBeTCTByx)iAne c[)parMeHTbi cnTyaunoHHon MOAe/w» [BaH flenx 1989, c. 59].

MexaHH3M 4>yHKMMOHiipoBaHM5i Me>KTeKCTa. fl/m onncaHnn npouecca B3anMOAencTBHn MexaHH3MOB

n o p o w a e m /m n M H T e p n p e T a u n n « H e o 6 x o a n M b i « K p y n H b ie »

eakiHkiubi, kiaeT / in p en b o M o a e /in x nopo>xaeH nn n cx eM a x

mx p a 3 B o p a H M B a H M n , o H O M M H a T M B H b i x 6 / i o x a x ,

npeBbiiuaKDLunx n o CBoen npoTn>xeHHOCTn n p o c T o e c /io b o ,

MJIM, HaKOHeU, O T3KMX CJ10>KHblX CTpyKTypaX C03HaHMn, KaK

C[}peM M bl, C U eH bl MJIM C U e H a p M M , K O T o p b ie BO MHOTOM

n p eao n p eae /in K D T po>xaaK)Lunecn p eneB b ie BbiCKa3biBaHMn m

Bbi6 o p cpeacTB a n n MX p e a jin 3 a u n n » [H e jiO B eH ec xn n c|)aKTop

b n 3 b i x e 1991, c. 7] . M e > K T e K C T - C B o e o 6 p a 3 H a n

m h B a p m a h t h a n b h y T p e h h n n c | D o p M a M e x a H M 3 M a

n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H M n , c o a e p w a iu a n 3H aH M n o B c e x 3 T a n a x

TpaHcejDopM auMM b B n a e o n p e a e / ie H H o r o H a 6 o p a cx eM m

u e n o n e x T p a H c e j D o p M a u n n . M e>K TeK C T - a 6 c T p a K T H o e

noHnTM e, H a x o a m a e e c n b oaHOM p n a y c t3kmmm noHnTMnMM,

x a x TexcTOBbiM n a x e T MHcjDopMaunn (B.M. TepacM MOB, B.B. n e T p o B ) , B H y T p e H H n n c|DopM a T e x c T a ( M . f l . T o j i e B ) ,

C M TyaTM B H O -peneB O M 6 j io k (A.A. H y B aK M H ) m t . a- f ln n

o 6o 3H aH eH M n n o a o 6 Hbix nB JieH nn (c B o e ro p o a a « n e p H b ix

maMKOB» - M 3BecTHoro, h to HaxoaM Tcn Ha BXOae M B bixoae ,

HO H e M3 Be CT HOT O , HTO B H y T p M ) B J1 MHTBMCTMHeCKOM

jiM T ep aT yp e y n o T p e 6 jinK)Tcn caM bie pa3JiMHHbie TepMMHbi, b

3 3 B M C M m o c t m o t a c n e x T a M 3 y n e H M n : « b J iM T e p a T y p e

M cnojib3yeTcn p n a TepMMHOB a n n o6o3H aneH M n OTpa>xeHHon

b H ejiO B enecxoM co 3H aH nn BHen3bixoBon aen cT B n T e jib H O crn :

c [ } p e M M b i , c u e H a p M M , c x e M b i , n / i a H b i m t . n . O h m

npeacTaB/inKDT c o 6 om « n a x e T b i» MHcjDopMaunn (xp aH n T cn b

n a M n T M ) , o 6 e c n e n M B a n a a e x B a T H y i o k o t h m t m B H y i o

o 6 p a 6 o T x y 3H3hmm o p e a jib H o n >xe a e n c T B n T e /ib H O C T n »

[C o k o jio b 1993, c. 3].

CraTyc Me>KTexcTa onpeae/ineTcn ero npoMe>xyTOHHbiM nojio>xeHMeM. flBJinncb CMHTe3MpyK)mMM a6cTpaxTHbiM MblCJlMTeJlbHblM 06pa30BaHMeM, Me>KTeKCT C[}yHKI4MOHMpyeT xax MHBapnaHTHan CTpyKTypa npouecca B3anMoaencTBnn:

Me>KTeKCT «CTnrnBaeT» HaHa/ibHbin n KOHeHHbin aTanbi npeo6pa30BaHnn, o6"beflHHnn Texcrbi pa3Hbix thiiob n cuTyaunK). B npouecce nopo>Kflei-mn era/inn Me>KTeKCTa - 3to 3Tan noflroTOBKn Mbicnn k oOtexTHBauHH, 3Tan HaHkiHaKDiuencn peHeMbic/iHTe/ibHon flenTe/ibHOcm, xoTopbin CBSBbiBaeTcn c noncxoM cxeMbi npouecca npeo6pa30BaHnn. 3to OTHOcnTcn k Tax Ha3biBaeMbiM «npeflpeHeBbiM CTaflnnM peHeBon flenTe/ibHOcm, xoTopbie c[}axTHHecxn npnxo^nTcn Ha cf)a3bi TpaHcejDopMaunn noTOxa co3HaHnn b Bep6a/in30BaHHoe n/in Bep6a/in3yeMoe o6pa30BaHne, xorâ HOcnTenn /iuhhocthnx cmnc/iob, nMex)Lune Bn/iOTb flo 3Toro MOMeHTa caMbie pa3Hbie c|DopMbi n cy6crpaTbi, npno6peTax)T, HaxoHeu, xBa3HBep6a/in30BaHHyx) - b Bnê BHyTpeHHnx c/iob - n/in co6cTBeHHO Bep6a/in30BaHHyx) - b Bnê pea/ibHbix n3bixoBbix 3HaxoB, - ho eiue nHTepnopn30BaHHyx) c[}opMy» [HenoBeHecxnn cjDaxTop b n3bixe 1991, c. 15]. Taxoe onpeae/ieHne Me>xTexcTa no3BO/ineT paccMOTpeTb ero CTaTyc xa x BHyTpeHHK) K) c|DopMy n p o u e c c o B npeo6pa30BaHnn. no H.fl. To/ieBy, BHyTpeHHnn c|DopMa TexcTa - 3to tot n3HaHa/ibHbin 3/ieMeHT, n3 xoToporo 3axoHOMepHO «BbipacTaeT» peneBoe npon3BefleHne b eflkiHCTBe ero c[}opMa/ibHon n coflepwaTe/ibHon ctopoh; b n/iaHe CHHxpoHHoro reHe3nca - 3to 3apo flb iu j, npeflBOCxniueHne cjDopMbi, c|)opMnpyK)Luerocn coflepwam/m. 3 to h c to h h h k pa3HOo6pa3nn b h ein h nx c|dopm n oflHOBpeMeHHoro ero npeoflo/ieHnn, t . e. hctohhhk ue/iocTHOCTn. Bee Bbiiijen3/io>xeHHoe no3BO/ineT qqe/iaTb BbiBOfl o npoMe>xyTOHHOM CTaTyce Me>xTexcTa b npouecce xoMMyHnxaunn n onpefle/inTb ero xax a6cTpaxTHyx) CTpyxTypy, b xoTopon nponcxoflUT «pacTBopeHne» TeKCTOBbix n cuTyaTkiBHbix xapaxTepncrnx.

B B e f l e H n e b C T p y x T y p y x o M M y H n x a T H B H o r o a x T a

M e>KTexcTa o G tn c H n e T c [ } y H K u n o H n p o B a H n e n p o u e c c a

npeo6pa30B am /m : npoxofla Hepe3 c ra ^ n x ) npoMe>KyTOHHoro

3 B e H a ( c B o e o 6 p a 3 H o r o « H e p H o r o n m n K a » -

npoM e>KyTOHHoro aT a n a n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n n , nqe Ha B xo ê

coflep>KnTC5i H e n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H H b in T e x c r , Ha B b ixo ^ e -

c n T y a u n o H H O a f l a n T n p o B a H H b i n , a M e > x fly h h m h -

k o t h h t h B H a s i C T p y K T y p a - m e > K T e K C T ) , m e x a h n 3 m

nopo>KfleHH5i a fla rrrnp yeTC fl k M exaHH3M y H H T epn peTau nn .

M e > K T e K C T H e T o / i b x o c o n p a r a e T c [ } o p M a / i b H b i e n

ceM aH T k iH ecK n e x a p a K T e p n c T n x n n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H H o ro n

H en p eo 6p a30B aH H o ro TexcTOB, ho n hm chho b Me>KTeKCTe

n p o n c x o f l k i T n o f l 6 o p x a p a x T e p n c T H K c n T y a u n n ,

H e o 6 x o f l n m b i x f l / i a y c n e i u H o r o o c y m e c T B / i e H n f l

KOMMyHnxaunn.

yc/io>KHeHne KOMMyHnxaTnBHoro axTa nponcxo^nT nofl B J i n s i H n e M n H T e H u n n a B T o p a («3aBepLueHHOCTb/He3aBepiueHHOCTb onncaHna o6"beKTa mo>kho CMnTaTb ncMepnbiBax)LunM c to h k h 3peHH5i Tex ue/ien n 3aflaM, KOTopbie era b a t nepefl co6on xoMMyHnxaHTbi» [Myp3nH, LLlTepH 1991, c. 4 3 ]). Me>KTeKCT noaB/iaeTCfl Ha dpone pa3HOCTH nHTeHunn aBTopa. Tax, HanpnMep, y B. LUyxiunHa npn npeo6pa30BaHnn TexcTOB paccxa30B b TexcTbi xnHOCueHapneB pa3HOCTb nHTeHunn npoflB/iaeTCfl TaxnM o6pa30M: b nepBOM c/iyHae flOMHHnpyeT HHTeHuna co3flaHm annHecKoro npon3BefleHHfl, b flpyroM c/iyHae - C03flaHv\t\ xnHOCueHapHoro npon3BefleHHfl. Me>KTeKCT CTa/ixnBaeT pa3Hbie CBoncTBa flByx poflOB /inTepaTypbi. B Me>KTexcTe >xe nponcxoflnT n M/ieHeHne annHecxoro TexcTa Ha xa^pbi; pe3y/ibTaTOM c|DyHKUHOHHpoBaHH5i Me>KTexcTa flB/iaeTCfl K O M n o 3 n u n o H H O - c n H T a K c n H e c x a 5 i a p a H > x n p o B K a xnHOCueHapHoro TexcTa. B npouecce TpaHcejDopMaunn B T o p n H H b i e TexcTbi n p n o 6 p e T a x ) T x a h e c T B e h h o o t j i n h a K) m n e c s i o t a n n n e c x o r o T e x c T a K O M n o 3 n u n o H H O - c n H T a x c n H e c K n e C T p y K T y p b i .

n p e f l / 1 0 > K e H H y K ) M O f l e / l b T p a H C C j D O p M a U M O H H b l X

n p eo 6p a30B aH n n cnHTaxcnHecKon KOMno3nunn ann H ecxo ro

TexcTa b CMHTaKCMMecKyK) KOMno3MUMK) kmHocueHaPHOTO

TexcTa (nepBMMHbin T e x c r - Me>KTeKCT - BTopnHHbin T e x c r)

mo>kho CMMTaTb M HBapnaHTHon MOfle/ibK) fl/isi n o A o 6 H o ro

pofla TpaHcejDopMaunM TexcTOB B. LUyKwnHa, a H ano/iH eH ne

3TOM MOfle/lH npOMCXOAMT BapnaTMBHO, B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT

K0Mn03HI4H0HHblX 0 C0 6 eHH0 CTeM nepBMMHblX TeKCTOB.

Me>KTeKCT KaK M Ofle/lb B3aHMOfleMCTBH5l pa3Hbix T M n o B TeKCTOB. M oA e/inpoB aH ne B3anMOAencTBM5i TexcTOB

pa3Hbix TMnoB AB/iaeTCfl AOCTaTOMHO 6o/ib iuoM n p o 6 /ieM o n .

3 t o CBsoaHO, b nepB yx) O H epeflb , mmchho c pa3HOCTbio ( T n n o / i o r n H e c x o n , > x a H p o B o n , p o a o - b m a o b o m n t . a -) T e x c T O B o n O H T O / i o r n n . f l o H a c T O s i m e r o B p e M e H n He

cyiAecTByeT yHMBepca/ibHon MOAe/in, onncbiBax)LAen c/iyHan

pa3HO TexcTO Boro B3anMOAencTBMfl, T a x x a x HeB03M0>KH0

y H n c f ) n u n p o B a T b B e e c n o c o 6 b i T e x c T O B o n

>xn3H eA e^TejibH O C Tn T a x o ro p o A a . Me>KTeKCT flB /iaeT C fl

o a h m m M3 B a p n a H T O B , p e n p e 3 e H T n p y x ) la n x

B3anMonpoHMKHOBeHne TexcTOB. H a n p n M ep , Me>KTexcT xax

M OAe/ib, opraHM3yx)LAa5i B 3anM O A encTB ne pa3H bix TnnoB

TexcTOB, pa6o TaeT npn np eo6p a30B aH nn TexcTOB paccxa30B

b KnHocueHapHbie TeKCTbl.

B MacTHOCTn, TexcTOBoe B3anMOAencTBne Taxoro poAa npncyTCTByeT b KMHonpo3e B. LUyxLunHa, a / ia KOTopon xapaxTepHO BbiCTpanBaHne TpaHcejDopMaunn TexcTOB a nn Mec x nx (nepBMMHbix) b TexcTbi KMHOCueHapneB (BTopnMHbix). B xoAe npeo6pa30BaHna annHecxoro Texcra b

KMHOCueHapHbin B. LUyKLunH noABepraeT Han6o/ibLunM TpaHcejDopMaun^M cnHTaxcnMecKyx) KOMno3nunx) o6onx TnnoB TexcTOB. Bee M3MeHeHna b cnHTaxcnMecKon

KOMno3Mi4i/m, npoMCxoflMLAi/ie b x o ^ e n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H M M ,

cocTaB/iMKDT j p v \ rpynnbi TpaHcejDopMauMft:

1. TpaHC(t)opMai4i/m, coAep>xaHMeM k o t o p n x MB/iMeTCM

BBOA HOBbIX KOMnOHeHTOB B CMHTaXCMHeCXyK) X0Mn03MI4MX)

BTOpi/IHHOrO TeKCTa. Taxi/IMM XOMnOHeHTaMM MB/1MX)TCM HaCTb

a 6 3 a u a , ue /ib ift a 6 3 a u , HacTb A n a /io r i/m e c x o ro eAMHCTBa,

HacTb c/io>xHoro CMHTaxcMHecxoro u e /io ro .

2 . T p a H C c ) ) o p M a u u M , c b 3 a h h bi e cBHyTpi/IXOMnOHeHTHblMM CTpyXTypHbIMM M3MeHeHMMMM (xaxb b o a , T a x m o n y iA e H k ie x a x o f t - / in 6 o HacT i/i c jD pam eH Ta

C M H T axcM H ecxo ft x o M n 031/1141/11/1) . T a x k ie n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H M M

B b i3b iB ax)TC M b b o a o m m/im o n y m e H M e M H acT i/i a 6 3 a u a ,

c /io > x H o ro C M H TaxcM H ecxoro u e / io r o m/im A n a / io rM H e c x o ro

eAMHCTBa.

3. TpaHcejDopMauMM, MMex)U4Me Me>xxoMnoHeHTHbm xapaxTep. B noAo6Hbix TpaHCc[)opMai4MMx bboamtcm HOBbie a63aubi m Ana/iorMHecxMe eAHHCTBa. CTpyxTypa OAHoro a63aua npeo6pa3yeTCM b Hecxo/ibxo a63aueB m t . a -

B n e p B O M T M n e T p a H C c | ) o p M a i 4 MM a e / i e h m m

x M H O C u e H a p H o ro ( b t o p m h h o t o ) T e x c T a Ha x a A P b i He

n p oM C xo A M T , T a x x a x b n p o u e c c e n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H M M He

o6pa3yeTC M M M 3aHxaAP- TpaH C c|)opM ai4MM a xT ya /iM 3 M p yx)T

cjDpameHT CMHTaxcMHecxoft xoMno3MUMM nepBM H H oro TexcTa

A/im opraH M 3ai4M M e A H H o ro c x )> x e T H o ro noBecTBO BaHM M .

H anpM M ep , BBeAeHMe b T excT xMHOCueHapMM «Baiu c n h m

6p a T » p e n /iM x : «riMLuyT p e 6M Ta», « P e 6MTa-T0 x a x ? » , «fla p e A xo nM iiiyT . HM Hero B poA e. 1/lmaT xBa/iMTCM. A MaxcMM -

Ha C T p o ftxe » - yTOHHMeT xo/iM HecTBO re p o e B , op ra H M 3 yeT

T e x c T b i p a c c x a 3 0 B , o 6 / ia A a x )L A M e M 3 o /iM p o B a H H b iM M

CX)>XeTHblMM /1MHMMMM, B TeXCT XMHOCUeHapMM C OAHMM

CX)>XeTOM.

B T o p a n r p y n n a T p a H c e j D o p M a u M M b k j i x ) h a e T

BHyTpi/iKOMnoHeHTHbie n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H k m ckiHTaKCkmecKon

K0Mn03MI4MM kl CBf l3aHa C H e o 6 x O A H MOCTbK) yCHJlHTb,

B bifle /iM Tb K aK O M -/in 6o w e c r , n o 3 y , n H T O H au n x) r e p o n .

flaHHbiM Tun CBn3aH c BBefleHkieM pew kiccepcxon npaBKki, c

Heo6xoAM M O CTbK) paccraH O B K ki re p o e B b M k i3 a H x a A p e .

H a n p n M e p , BBeAeHkie b T e x c r KkmocueHapi/m «B auj c n h n

6 p a T » 3 M c [ } a T M H e c K o r o «A m h e - x o T b 6bi x H b i ! »

aK Tya/in3npyeT aMOUkiOHa/ibHbin Hacrpoki cueHbi, ycm w B aeT

ceM y BOJiHem/m.

TpeTbn rp y n n a TpaHcejDopMaunn - MewxoMnoHeHTHbie

TpaHcejDopMaunM, o hm CBSBaHbi c Tpe6oBaHneM noxaApoBon

n e p e A a n n nH cjD opM aunn. llp e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H k m n p o n c x o A ^ T

B C / i e A C T B n e H e o 6 x o A M M O C T k i 6 y A y m e r o a x p a H H o r o

B o n / i o i A e H k i n T e x c T a . 1 / l M e n b B k i A y 6 y A y m e e

3B yx o -3 p n T en b H o e , axp aH H o e B o n /io iA eH n e TexcT a , aBTop

H/ieH M T T e x c T He Ha c[}parM eHTbi T e x c T a , a Ha xaA P b i,

KOTopbie o p ra H k i3 y e T b M ki3aHxaAPbi - c p accraH O B K o n

r e p o e B , BbiB epeHHO CTbK) kix w e c T O B , n o 3 . B o 3 H k ix a e T

Heo6xoAkiM OCTb «k i3o6p a3k iT b x a p T k iH x y » . l/l3M eHeHkm b

KOMno3kiukiO HHO -ckiHTaKCkiHecKO ki o p ra H k i3 a u k ik i - 3 t o

np ew A e Bcero Te H3MeHeHkm, npn noMOLAki KOTopbix /ik i6o

C B e p T b i B a e T c n H e H y w H b i n , m 3 / i m u j h m m ,

«H eK kiH eM aTorpac[}kiH ecK kiki» ( t . e . He pa6oTax)LA km Ha

ki3o6pa>xeHkie ki 3ByHaHkie) KOMnoHeHT CTpyxTypbi TexcTa,

j i m 6 o T e x c T p a 3 B e p T b i B a e T c n 3 a c n e T b b o a a

KkiHeMaTorpac|DkiHecKkix KOMnoHeHTOB. OyHKUkm AaHHOki

r p y n n b i T p a H c e j D o p M a u k m - 6 b i T b C B o e o 6 p a 3 H b i m

« p y x o b o a c tb o m k AekicTBkiK)» / pe wnc c e pa . H an pnM ep , B.

LUyxiiJkiH b b o a m t b TexcT KHHOCueHapi/m «CTpaHHbie jik)a m »

npnM oe pew kiccepcxo e yxa3aH kie: « flo M o n H yA nx np rn ne /i

H acy b rnecTOM. I l le / i n a c h o c e 6 e npeA C TaB ki/i, x a x o h

c e n H a c B e c e /io p a c c x a w e T , x a x o h nyTb 6 b m o He CTa/i

KMHoapTMCTOM. Kax Bee 6yayT o t ayiun CMenTbcn (HeMoe M3o6pa>xeHMe: HyaMK paccxa3biBaeT 6paTy, ero >xeHe, aeTnM, noxa3biBaeT, xax ohm peneTMpoBajiM c pe>KMCcepoM; Bee noxaTbiBaKDTcn co CMexy, aa>xe Ma/ieHbKMM b

pa3pMCOBaHHOM KOJinCOHKe)».

B b i i u e H a 3 B a H H b i e n p o u e c c b i M o a e / i M p y i O T c n b

M e > K T e x c T e - a 6 c T p a x T H O M o 6 p a 3 0 B a H M M , x o T o p o e

B b in o /iH n eT CBn3yx)LuyK) cjDyHKUMK) M e>xay ariMHecxMM m

KMHOcueHapHOM TexcTaMM b np o u ecce TexcToo6pa30BaHM n.

M e>KTexcT c o n p n ra e T KOM no3M UM OHHO-CM HTaxcM HecKM e

crpyxTypbi nepBMHHoro n BTopnHHoro TexcTOB, b Me>KTexcTe

n p o M C x o a M T H / i e H e H M e a n M n e c x o r o T e x c T a Ha x a a p b i

KMH OCueHapMn. B M e>KTexcTe n p o M C xo aM T M 3 M e H e H n e

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOrO CTaTyCa KOMnOHeHTOB CMHTaKCMHeCKOM

xoMno3MUMM nepBMHHoro TexcTa. Me>KTeKCT - MHBapnaHTHan

B H y T p e H H n n cjDopMa m e x a h M 3 M a n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H M M

3nMHecKoro TexcTa b KMHOCueHapHbiM, c o ae p w a m a n 3 h b h v \n

0 6 0 Bcex 3T a n a x TpaHcejDopMauMM b BMae o n p e a e /ie H H o ro

Ha6 opa cxeM m u e n o n e x TpaHcc|DopMauMM.

M o a e jib o6p a30B aH M n CMHTaxcMnecxoM xoMno3MUMM

(n e p B M H H b lM TeKCT - Me>KTeKCT - BTOpMHHbl M TeK C T)

n B / i n e T c n M H B a p M a H T H O M M o a e / i b K ) y c M J i e H M n

KMHeMaTorpac|DMHecKoro noTeHUM a/ia m paccMaTpMBaeTcn b

x a H e c T B e M H B a p M a H T H O M M o a e / i M M e > x p o a o B O M

TpaHccjDopM auM M . B a p n a H T H b i e p e a /iM 3 au M M M o a e jiM b

MCC/ i e a o B a H M M o n p e a e j i m o T c n b 3 a B M C M M O C T M o t

K O M M y H M x a T M B H b i x o c o 6 e H H O C T e M T o B o p n i u e r o .

O c y iu e c T B /in e M a n ToBopm uM M c|DopMa KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM

aenTe/ibHOCTM (anM necxan mjim KMHOCueHapHan) o n p e a e jin e T

c n o c o 6 b i C T pyxT yp H O -ceM aH T M H ecxo ro nepepa3Jio>xeH M n

CMHTaKCMHeCKOM K0Mn03MUMM.

Me>KTeKCT KaK M O fle /ib B K /noneH M B TeKCTa b

c k iT y a u n K ) . O flH o n n3 x a p a x T e p n c rn x Me>KTeKCTa nB /m eT cn

e r o a fla n T k iB H a n n o T e H u n n . Me>KTeKCT x a x B H yT p e m n n n

c [)o p M a n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n n H e n o c p e f lC T B e m - io C B n3aH c MexaHH3MOM c n T y a m B H o ro n p n c n o c o 6 / ie i-m n T e xcT a . T a x

M e x c re x c r, H a n p n M e p , 3 a fla e T c n o c o 6 B x /ix )n e H n n TexcTa b

a p ryM e H T a T k iB H yx ) flen T e /ibH O C T b , a f la n T n p y e T TexcTO B bie

MexaHH3Mbi x ci/rryaTHBHbiM x a p a x T e p n c rn x a M , co 3 fla e T 6 a 3 y

nonB /ieH i/m a p ryM e H T a m B H b ix x a p a x T e p n c rn x TexcTa.

ApryMeHTamBHbie xapaxTepncm xn TexcTa Ma/io n3yneHbi; ohm yHnxa/ibHbi. flo cnx nop b coBpeMeHHon /lkiTepaType OTxpbiTbiMn ocrax)Tcn Bonpocbi: /ix)6on /in TexcT mo>xho CHkiTaTb apryMeHTaTMBHbim TexcTOM; xax onpefle/wTb cymHOcmbie xapaxTepncmxn TexcTa b acnexTe apryMeHTaunn; mo>xho /im cnnTaTb TexcT xoMnoHeHTOM apryMeHTaTMBHoro npouecca n xaxoBbi ero c|)yHxunn? (Cm. pa6o™ X. nepe/ibMaHa, T.r. Xa3arepoBa, M.M. naHOBa n AP-)-

rionB/ieHne apryMeHTainBHoro TexcTa nB/meTcn, BO-nepBbix, pe3y/ibTaTOM c|)yHxunoHnpoBaHnn xomnTMBHon MOfle/in apryMeHTaTkiBHon flenTe/ibHOcrn (fla/iee 6yaeT MMeHOBaTbcn K-MOfle/ib apryMeHTaunn), b o - b t o p n x ,

o6yc/iOB/ieHO cymecTBOBaHneM no/m apryMeHTaunn. C/ieflOBaTe/ibHO, yc/iOBnnMn npno6peTeHnn TexcTOM apryMeHTaTMBHbix xapaxTepncTnx nB/mxrrcn cymecTBOBaHne K-MOflenn n flencTBne K-MOfle/in b none apryMeHTaunn.

1. KorHMTMBHaB M O fle /ib apryMeHTamBHOM AeBTe/lbHOCTM.

B npouecce nopo>xfleHnn apryMeHTaTMBHoro TexcTa nHc|DopMaunn npoxoflnT Hecxo/ibxo 3TanoB TpaHCc|)opMaunn. Ha nepBOM 3Tane a pry M e H T a T o p (nepBbin c y 6 b e x T apryMeHTaunn SI) C03flaeT HexoTopbin o6pa3 TeKCTa. 3 t o

3Tan noflBJiem /m a p ry M e H T a T n B H o ro H a M e p e H n e ( f la / ie e

A - H a M e p e H n e ) , K O T o p o e c |)o p M H p y e T c e n o c p e f lC T B O M

M O fla /ibH O C T en « e x o n y , M He H e o 6 x o f l H M O , e flo /i> xeH

r o B o p n T b t o - t o » . Ha b t o p o m 3 T a n e A - H a M e p e H n e

x o p p e x T n p y e T c e : o 6 p a 3 T e x c T a TpaH C cjD o pM np yeT ce b

K o m n T n B H y x ) M O ^ e /ib , cy iuH O C Tbio x o T o p o n e B /ie e T c e

n p n o 6 p e T e H n e o 6 p a 3 0 M T e x c T a a p r y M e H T a T n B H b i x

x a p a x T e p n c T n x ( a p r y M e H T a T n B H b i e x a p a K T e p n c T n x n

A n x T y i O T c e n o j i e M a p r y M e H T a u n n ) . f l a H H b i n 3 T a n

o n p e a e /ie e T c e xax M e>KTeKCT, Tax xax e ro OHTO/iornHecxnM

CBoncTBOM e B /ie e T c e n p n h u n n n a / i b H a e B03M 0>KH0CTb

x a H e c T B e H H o r o n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n e n H c j D o p M a u n n . B p e 3 y /ib T a T e n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n n n o e B /ie e T c e K B a 3 M T e K C T

( T p e T n n 3 T a n T p a H c e j D o p M a u n n ) , e r o c o f l e p > x a H n e

o n p e a e /ie e T c e MOfla/ibHOCTbio « e flo /i>xeH 3 to c x a 3 a T b » .

A - H a M e p e H n e n p e o 6 p a 3 y e T c e b a p r y M e H T a T n B H y x )

yBepeHHOCTb (f la /ie e A-yBepeHHOCTb). Ha HeTBepTOM 3Tane

nOC/ie O T6opa SBblKOBblX CpeflCTB nOflBJieeTCe C0 6 CTBeHH0

T eK C T , KOTopbin n e p e a a e T c e apryM eH TnpyeM O M y (B Topon

cy6"beKT apryM eH Taunn S2).

3Tanbi npeo6pa30BaHnn o 6 p a 3 TeKCTa - m o k t c k c t

- KB93HTeKCT - TeKCT OrMCblBaiOT CjDOpMa/lbHyK) M O fle /lb

n o p o > x f le H n e a p ry M e H T a T n B H o ro T e x c T a . C o f le p > x a H n e

M O flen n o n p e a e / ie e T c e TpaH ce jD opM aunen A -H a M e p e H n e b

A-yBepeHHOCTb nocpeflCTBOM flnK TaTa n o /ie M a p ryM e H T a u n n

a p ry M e H T a T n B H b ix x a p a x T e p n c T n x . C xeM aTnH H O M O ^ e /ib

B b ir/ie flH T cneflyKD iunM o 6 p a 3 0M :

S1 — 0 6 p a 3 TeKCTa — Me>KTeKCT — KB33HTeKCT TeKCT — S2A - H a M e p e H u e flM KTaT-A-xa-

paKTepMCTMKA -y B e p e H

HOCTb

P M C . 4 . 1 . K o r H M T M B H a f l M O f l e / l b

apryMeHTaTMBHOM fleaTe/ibHOcm

Mofle/ib npeo6pa30BaHMM o6pa3 TeKCTa - m oktckct - K B a 3 M T e K C T - T e K C T p a c c M a T p n B a e T c n b xaH ecT B e

BHemHero kothhth BHO-flenTen bHOCTHoro MexaHH3Ma nopo>KfleHMn apryMeHTaTkiBHoro TexcTa. BHyTpeHHnn MexaHM3M CBn3aH c MHoroacnexTHOCTbK) nB/ieHkin apryMeHTaukin n npeflCTaB/ineT co6on c/io>xho opraHM30BaHHyx) noneByx) CTpyxTypy. Ka>xflbin n3 acnexTOB apryMeHTaukiM (norkmecxnn, ncnxonHTennexTyanbHbin, XOMnOSMUMOHHO-CTpyKTypHblM, TaKTnxo-CTpaTernHecxnn) cjDopMkipyeT oco6oe none no xapaxTepy BbinonHneMon mm dpynmm. rionn cjDyHxuMM, cc|DopMnpoBaBLiJncb aBTOHOMHO, o6pa3yx)T flnHaMkmecxyx) CTpyxTypy rnnepnonn apryMeHTaTMBHOki cjayhxumki. flflepHbiM xomnoHeHTOM rnnepnonn BbiCTynaeT flOMHHnpyx)Luan cjDyHxunn. nepuctaepkiMHbiMki xoMnoHeHTaMki nBnnKDTcn ycnoBkin ki cnoco6bi peanki3aukiki flOMkmnpyiOLueki cjDyHxukiki. OcHOBHbiMki xapaxTepkiCTkixaMki r n n e p n o n n apryMeHTaTkiBHOki cjDyHxukiki nBnnxrrcn MHO>xecTBeHHOCTb nonen cjDyHxukiki, flkmaMkNHOCTb crpyKTypbi, nepeceHeHkie nepnc|DepkikiHbix xoMnoHeHTOB. TaxkiM o6pa30M, MexaHH3M nopo>xfleHkin apryMeHTaTkiBHoro TexcTa MMeeT flBa ypoBHn: BHeujHkiki xorHkiTkiBHO-flenTenbHOCTHbiki mexah H3M npeo6pa30BaHkin HaMepeHnn b apryMeHTaTkiBHyx) yBepeHHOCTb n BHyTpeHHnn, peanki3yx)LUHHcn Ha 3Tane Me>xTexcTa n CBn3aHHbin c flkiHaMkiHHOCTbK) rnnepnonn apryMeHTaTkiBHOki cjDyHxukiki.

2. no/ie apryMeHTaukiki h ero xapaKTepMCTMKM.

TpaflkiukiOHHO n o n e apryMeHTaukiki o n p e a e n n n o c b xax

c o B O x y n H O C T b « c n o p H o r o n o n o x e H k i n , m H O >x e c TB a

apryMeHTOB c BbiTexaKDiukiMH H3 hhx Te3kicaMH, npaBkinaMki

npkieMneMOCTki flOBOflOB» [Kyp6aTOB, 1996, c. 194]. flaH H o e

onpefleneH kie onkicbm aeT n o n e apryMeHTaukiki xax oamh H3

CTpyxTypHbix xoMnoHeHTOB apryM eHTaTkiBHoro n p o u ecca ki

He yhi/itbiBaeT xoMMyHnxaTnBHon o 6yc/iOB/ieHHOCTnap ryM eHTnpoBaH i / 15 1. B o n e e npoAyxTMBHbim ABnneTcn

n p e f l C T a B / i e H n e n o n n a p r y M e H T a u n n b K a n e c T B e

K O M M y H n x a T n B H O - n p e f l M e T H o r o n p o c T p a H C T B a .

KoMMyHnKaTnBHO-fle^TenbHOCTHbin noAxoA k apryMeHTaunn

no3BonneT paccMaTpnBaTb none apryMeHTaunn xax o6nacrb

nponBneHnn apryMeHTaTMBHon flenTe/ibHOCTn c no3nunn

CTpyxTypbi apryMeHTaunn, craTyca n cjDyHKunn cy6"beKTOB

a p r y M e H T n p o B a H n n , o c o 6 e H H O C T e n T B o p M e c x o r o

M O flennpoBaHnn apryM eHTaTM BHoro n p ou e cca , M ecra n

B p e M e H n o c y i u e c T B n e H n n a p r y M e H T a u n n , y n e T a

npeflMeTHoro HanonHeHnn n t. a.

none apryMeHTaunn - TpexMepHoe npocrpaHCTBO, KOTopoe xapaxTepn3yeTcn Mepon cjDopMbi, Mepon C0Aep>xaHnn n Mepon conpn>xeHHoro cjDyHKunoHnpoBaHnn.

M e p o n cjDopMbi n o n n a p ry M e H T a u n n n B n n eT cn e ro

C T p y x T y p a . n o n e a p ry M e H T a u n n B xniO M aeT b c e 6 n x a x

MMHMMyM AByx cy6"beKTOB apryMeHTnpoBaHnn (SI n S2), cnopH oe nono>xeHne xax npeAMeT ap ryM em n p o B a H n n (Cn), T e 3n cb i (T), M H o r o a c n e x T H O p acxp b iB a iO L A n e c n o p H o e

no no >xeH n e, cncT eM y apryM eH TO B (a L .a n ) , cnTyaTMBHbin

KOMnoHeHT (sit). CxeMaTMMHO 3 to BbirnnAMT cneAyKDiunM

o6pa30M :

s i — cn — S2

T1 T2

a1...an a1...an

--------------- sit---------------

Pnc. 4.2. Mepa <t>opMbi no/151 apryMeHTaunn

Mepa coAep>xaHnn nonn apryMeHTaunn onpeAenneTcn

B3anM OAencTBneM cy6beK Ta ap ryM eH TnpoB aH nn c e ro

K O M M y H n x a T M B H b iM n n p e A M e T H b iM o x p y > x e H n e M .

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOe B3aMMOfleftCTBMe Onpefle/IMKDT MHC|DOpMai4MOHHbie nOTOXM, XOTOpblMM OnepMpyKDT Cy6"beKTblapryMeHTkipoBaHMM, cnoco6b i MOAe/inpoBaHMM n CTpyxTypnpoBah m m MHc|)opMaunoHHoro npocTpaHCTBa, creneHb Kpean/iBHOCTi/i xax<Aoro M3 cy6"bexTOB. npeflMeTHoe B3ai/iMOAeftcTBi/ie onpeAe/iMeT MaTepna/ibHoe oxpy>xeHne cy6"beKTOB apryMeHTi/ipoBam/iM. CxeMaTMHHO 3t o b n t / im a m t

c/ieflyK)LAi/iM o6pa30M:

— npeAMeTHoe B3anMOAeMCTBne (MaTepMa/ibHoe OKpyweHMe)

Mepa coAep>KaHnfl

— KOMMyHMKaTMBHOe B3aMMOA6MCTBMe (MHCjDOp MaLJMOHHbie flOTOKM, Cfl0C06bl MOAe/lMpOBaHMB M CTpyKTypMpOBaHMfl, CTeneHb KpeaTMBHOCTM)

Pmc. 4.3. Mepa coAep>KaHM5i no/in apryMeHTauMM

npM COnpMXeHMM KOMnOHeHTOB (J)OpMbl I/I COAepwaHMMnone apryMeHTauMM HannHaeT c|)yHxunoHnpoBaTb xax cf)eHOMeH BpeMeHM m npocTpaHCTBa, xoTopbie npMo6peTax)T apryMeHTaTMBHbie xapaxTepncrnxn. BpeMM cymecTBOBaHMM no/iM apryMeHTauMM m b / im c tc m BpeMeHeM yHMBepca/ibHbiM, c o e flM h m x )m m m n p o iu /io e , HacTOM iuee m 6 y f ly iu e e . KoMnoHeHT HacTOMiuero o6yc/iOB/ieH TeM, h to apryMeHTauMM npoMCxoflMT c e n n a c (n o w ) . K oM noH eH T n p o iu /io ro o6yc/iOB/ieH Ha/iMHMeM onpefle/ieHHoro onbiTa m o6"beMa MHc|DopMauMM y cy6"bexTOB apryMeHTMpoBaHMM a o Hana/ia apryMeHTauMM. KoMnoHeHT 6yflyiuero npeflcraB/iMeT co6oft B03M0>xH0CTb MOAenn poBa hmm apryMeHTaTMBHoro npouecca cy6"bexTaMM apryMeHTauMM m npomo3MpoBaHMe pe3y/ibTaTa. ApryMeHTaTMBHoe npocTpaHCTBO Bx/uonaeT b ce6M xpoMe c o 6 c T B e H HO ct>M3MHecxoro n p o c T p a H C T B a e iu e m

MHc|DopMauMOHHoe, MHTe/uiexTya/ibHoe, xyjibTypo/iornnecxoe m Apyrne b m a n npocrpaHCTB.

TaxnM o6pa30M, none apryMeHTaunn xapaxTepn3yeTcn cnowHbiM cocTaBOM. n o n e b xn \o h a eT cy6"beKTOB, nHc[}opMai4HK), KOMMyHnxaunx), MaTepnanbHbie o6"beKTbi, npoueccbi, KomnTkiBHbie MOflenn n t . a. Hannnne BHeuiHnx n b h y tp e h h n x x a p a x T e p n c T n x , a n h a m n h e cxo e pa3BepTbiBaHne npocTpaHCTBem-ioro n BpeMeHh o t o

KOMnoHeHTOB onpeAennx)T none apryMeHTaunn b KanecTBe cnowHoro o6"beMHoro o6pa30BaHnn n Aenaxrr B03M0>KHbiM npeACTaBneHne nonn xax ocHOBy penpe3eHTaunn xomnTnBHon MOAenn apryMeHTaunn. none apryMeHTaunn He Tonbxo nBnneTcn 6a3on nponBneHnn xorHHTHBHon MOAenn, ho n caMO, b cbokd onepeAb, AHKTyeT o6pa3y TexcTa apryMeHTaTnBHbie xapaxTepncTnxn. Pa3BepTbiBaHne apryMeHTaTnBHon AenTenbHOcrn b none apryMeHTaunn ocyiuecTB nneTcn xax n p o u e cc npeo6pa30B aH nn A-HaMepeHnn b A-yBepeHHOCTb npn yneTe Tpe6oBaHnn apryMeHTaTnBHbix xapaxTepncrnx nonn. Hmchho none apryMeHTaunn Tpe6yeT TpaHcejDopMnpoBaTb nHc|)opMaunK), KOTopan coAepwnTcn b o6pa3e TexcTa, b apryMeHTaTnBHyx) nHcjDopMaunx) (h to ocyiuecTBnneTcn Ha 3Tane MewTexcTa).

3Tanbi nopowAeHnn apryMeHTaTnBHoro TexcTa onncbiBax)Tcn cneAyKDiunM o6pa30M. Ha nepBOM 3Tane c[}opMnpyeTcn o6pa3 Texcra b xanecTBe nAen «n 6yAy/xony roBopnTb o neM-nn6o». BTopon 3Tan (MewTexcr) Bxnx)HaeT A-HaMepeHne b none apryMeHTaunn. Cy6"beKTl npon3BOAnT aHann3 ayAnTopnn, onpeAenneT cnoco6bi MOAennpoBaHnn nHc jDopMaunn n c n o c o 6 HOCTb a y A m o p n n k

CTpyxTypnpoBaHnx) npocTpaHCTBa, Bbi6npaeT aAexBaTHbie m a 6noHbi 6 biTOBoro Mb imneHnn. BTopon 3Tan n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B b i B a e T MOAa/ ibHOCTb «n 6 y A y » b apryMeHTaTnBHyx) MOAanbHOCTb; o6pa3 TexcTa npno6peTaeT apryMeHTaTnBHbie xapaxTepncTnxn. TpeTnn 3Tan (KBa3HTexcT) TpaHCc[)opMnpyeT A-HaMepeHne b

A-yBepeHHOCTb (b T e x c re cjDopMMpyeTcn Moaa/ibHOCTb «9\

3HaK), h t o n p o n 3 0 iu / io t o - t o » ) . B p e 3 y / ib T a T e B c e x

npeo6pa30B aH M M noc/ie Bb i6opa a aexB aTH b ix n3bixoBbix

cpeacTB nonB/ineTcn co 6 ctb 6 h h o Texcr.

1/lTax, apryMeHTaTMBHbiki TexcT nonB/ineTcn xax 3aBepiuaK)LaMM 3Tan aenTe/ibHOcm xorHMTMBHOM Moae/iM apryMeHTaukiM. Ero nonB/ieHkie ocymecTB/ineTcn Ha 6a3e c[}yHKi4MOHMpoBaHMn no/in apryMeHTauMM.

4 .3. TeKCT h Apyme TeKCTbi

OTHOLueHkie TexcTa (aaHHoro KOHxpeTHoro k apyrkiM)

bolujio b cc|Depy MHTepecoB TeopMM TexcTa Ha coBpeMeHHOM

3Tane ee pa3BMTMn, x o tn cbommm kophamm 3Ta npo6/ieMa

yxoaM T b ctDHJio/iorkiK) xax npaxTMHecxyK) aenTe/ibHOCTb:

n p e > x a e B c e r o n e p e B O f l H e c x y i o , b o 6 / i a c T b

6n6/inorpac|)MHecKMX onMcaHMM npoM 3BeaeHM M nenaTM ,

o6yHeHkin (TpaaMUMOHHbie Bkiabi p a 6 o ™ no pa3BMTMK) peni/i:

M3/io>xeHMe, nepecxa3, coHMHeHMe ap.).

B 70 — 80-e roab i XX b. c|)OKyc M H TepecoB TeopMM

TexcTa nepeMecTM/icn c OTae/ibHO B3nToro Texcra Ha TexcT b

e ro CB9\39\x c ne/iOBexoM , oxpywaiOLUMMM TeKCTaMM, Ha

coB O xyn H O C Tb TexcTO B . 3 TO M y cn o co 6 cT B O B a / in Taxkie

c|)yH a a M e H T a jib H b ie M 3M eH eH M n co B p e M e H H O M HayxM

n o c/ ie a H en neTBepTM B e x a , x a x pa3B M Tne CM CTeM H oro

n o ax o a a , npMHUMna aenTe/ibHOcm , aHTponoueHTpMnecxMM

noBopoT, KOTopbie cra/iM CBoero poaa bm3mthom xapTonxoM

HayKM Haiuero BpeMeHM, a Tax>xe MaeM o B3aMMoaeMCTBMM

T e x cT O B , B b icxa 3 aH H b ie b n p e a b ia y m n e aecn TM /ieTM n .

1/lMeeTcn b BMay, HanpMMep, KOHuenuMn ny>KOM penM M.M. BaxTMHa m cjDM/iojioroB e ro x p y ra , cjDyHKUMOHa/ibHan no

CBoeM cyTM. B cooTBeTCTBMM c 3tom KOHuenuMeM ny>xan penb

b TexcTe MHTepnpeTMpyeTcn xax nepepa6oTxa m nepeaan a

My>Koro BbiCKa3biBaHne [B o /io lu h h o b 1929, c. 150 n c/iefl.]. B 6o/iee mnpoKOM n/iaHe Mbic/ib o B3anMOflencTBnn TexcTOB npoBefleHa b nocMepTHon ny6/inKaunn M.M. BaxTHHa: «TeKCT xax Bbicxa3biBaHne, b k ji K)neH Hoe b peneBoe oOiueHne (TexcTOByx) uenb) flaHHon cc|Depbi. Texcr xax CBoeo6pa3Hae MOHaâ, OTpa>xaK)Luae b ce6e TexcTbi (b

npeae/ie) flaHHon CMbic/iOBon ccjDepbi. B3anMOCBe3b Bcex CMbic/iOB (nocxo/ibxy ohm pea/in3yx)Tce b Bbicxa3biBaHnex).

flnanornHecxne OTHOLuem/m Mex^y TexcraMH n BHyTpn TexcTa» [BaxmH 1997, c. 228].

OtholueHne TexcTOB f lpyr k f l pyry Haiu/io pefl nHTepnpeTaunn. npenMymecTBeHHO 3to cyx<fleHne, KOTopbie Bbicxa3bi Bax)Tce n p n o n n c a H n n M a T e p n a / i a , npeflCTaB/ieKDiuero co6on Ty n/in v\ny\o TexcTOByx) coBOxynHOCTb. OTHOiueHne Me>xfly TexcraMH ocMbic/ieHbi c no3nunn yneHne o cnHTarMamxe n napaflnrMamxe e3bixa (B.A. KyxapeHKO, E.A. flxoB/ieBa n flp.), o nopox<fleHMM, noHnMaHnnn n o6pa30BaHnn TexcTOB (MM. flbiMapcxnn, E.C. KyOpexoBa, Jl.M. ManflaHOBa, Jl.l/I. Myp3nH, A.A. HyBaxnH n flp .), 06 nHTepnpeTaunn TexcTa (B.B. Bacn/ibeBa, B.A. KyxapeHKO, H.A. OaieeBa n flp .), 06 3BOxaunn (A.A. HyBaxnH, T.A. AwnxMMHa, T.H. Bacn/ieHKO, CM. Be3Hep, H.A. Bo/iKOBa, A.C. TaBeHKO, T.H. HnKOHOBa, O.B. HoBnHeHKO (MapbHHa), C.H. neiuKOBa, E.A. CaBOHKnHa, O.C. Ca/iaHHHa n flp.) n flp.

npnBefleHHbin nepeneHb noxa3biBaeT c/ieflyx)Luee:

• ct>aKTHHecKH npn3HaeTce coBOxynHOCTb TexcTOB xax cjDeHOMeH;

• b cocTaBe TexcTOBon coBOxynHOCTn Me>xfly TexcTaMn B b i f l e / i e e T c e H e c x o / i b x o T n n o B OT HO iue Hnn , ycTaHaBnnBax)Lunxce b npoqeccax:

- nopo>KAeHnn n noHHMaHi/m TexcTa;

- (^yHxunoi-MpoBaHnn TexcTa;

- o6pa30BaHnn TexcTa.

PaccMOTpnM Ha3BaHHbie Tnnbi OTHomeHnn.

O t h o w e h 11 5i m e >k a y t e k c t a m m , ycTaHaB/msaioiAiiecB b npouecce nopo>KAeHH5i n n o HMMa HMf l T e KC T a , Bx/uonaiOT OTHOiueHnn TexcTonopo>XAeHnn n OTHOiueHkm TexcronoHHMaHkm.

OTHOLueHMH TeKCTonopw/jeHMfi CBn3biBax)T Apyr c

ApyroM Texcrbi, ynacTByKDLAne b npouecce nopo>xAeHHn AaHHoro TexcTa xax npoAyxTa, n c noc/ieAHUM. nosTOMy b coBOxynHOCTn TexcTOB, CBn3aHHbix 3tmm mnoM OTHOweHHM, b x o a a t noMMMO TexcTa xax npoAyxTa eiue n TexcTbi, npnHaA/ie>xaLAMe AaHHOMy roBopmueMy, a Tax>xe nyxme, ho ocBanBaeMbie n ncno/ib3yeMbie mm b npouecce nopo>xAeHHn co6cTBeHHoro, a i/morAa n Bx/ix)naeMbie b Hero (npn 3BOxaunn). 3 to pa3Horo poAa «3aroTOBxn» roBopmuero. Ohm MoryT 6biTb 3ac[)nxcnpoBaHbi Ha nncbMe, b co6cTBeHHon naMnm hjih u 3 M 9 \tv \ xoMnbX)Tepa n t . a-

K Taxoro poAa TexcTaM-«3aroTOBxaM» OTHOcnTcn TexcTbi pnAa >xaHpoB - n/iaHbi, c|)parMeHTbi, Bbinncxn, UMTaTbi n AP- - 6yAyiAne xomMyHMxaTMBHbie 6/ioxn 6yAyiuero TexcTa xax npoAyxTa. Kax CBMAeTe/ibCByx)T nccjieAOBaTe/iM TBopnecTBa H. l/l/ibc|Da n E. neTpoB a, pa6oTan HaA «3o/iOTbiM Te/ieHX0M», nncaienn cocraB/in/iM o 6 m n p H b i e c n n c x n « a T T p a x u n o H O B » (c>xaTO cc[)opMy/iMpoBaHHbix cx)>xeTOB) n «OTbirpbiujeM» (nepHOBbix Ha6pocxoB 6yAyiAnx x)MopncTMHecxnx OTCTyn/ieHnn). llonaAan b poMaH, HanpMMep, OTbirpbimn npno6peTann Ha ero crpaHHuax ocTpoe caTMpi/mecxoe 3BynaHne. Tax, 3anncb « H e M /ix )a h 3ahmmax)Tcn c r o / i OAyxn - / l O T e p e n ,

rpacjDonornn, >xnBoe dpojo, nonepx c pa3Hbix cropoH, Me/ixne M3o6peTeHnn» nepepoc/ia b vnase «CHOBa xpn3nc >xaHpa» b paccyxfleHkie o Ma/ieHbxoM n 6o/ibiiJOM Mnpax (H/ibc|) H., lleTpoB E. Com.: B 5 t. M., 1961. T. 2. C. 535-536).

3 th «3aroTOBxn» MoryT npeflcraB/inTb co6on n TexcTbi C03HaHnn roBopnujero, xoTopbie axTya/in3npyx)Tcn b npouecce TexcTonopo>xfleHMn. TaxoBbi, HanpnMep, no flaHHbiM A.B. llonoBa, pa3BMBax)Luero naen fO.M. JloTMaHa, cnMBonbi, TpaHCc|DopMnpyx)LUMecn b TexcT: MHorne TexcTbi coBpeMeHHon pyccxon no33nn TopHoro A/iTan npeflCTaB/inxrr co6on TpaHcejDopMauMM chmbojiob ropa, xeap, pexa, xoHb [llonoB 2006].

B OTHOLUeHMH TeKCTOnOHMMdHMH BXOflSIT TeXCTbl,

yHacTByx)iune b npouecce noHMMaHi/m flaHHoro xoHxpeTHoro TexcTa, n noc/ieflHkin xax npo^yxT noHHMaHnn (b ero c[}axTHHecxM 6ecHnc/ieHHbix HHTepnpeTaunnx). no CBoen >xaHpoBon n p n p o f l e ohm HanoMMHaiOT TexcTbi , cocTaB/inKDiune coBOxynHOCTb TexcTOB, CBn3aHHbix OTHOLLieHMnMM TeXCTOnOpO>XfleHHn. B pa3HblX >XaHpOBblX cjDopMax cyiuecTByeT m TexcT xax npo^yxT noHHMaHnn - b oueHOHHbix m xBa/iMc[}MxaTMBHbix cy>xfleHnnx, cy>xfleHnnx 3f lpaBoro CMbicna, o63opax m peueH3nnx, Te3ncax, xoHcnexTax, no3yHrax, npn3biBax, unTaTax, «3aMeTxax Ha no/inx» m flp. ll03T0My b TexcTOByx) coBOxynHOCTb bxo^mt mnpoxMM cnexTp TexcTOB ycTHbix, nncbMeHHbix, anexTpoHHbix, TexcroB co3HaHnn, TexcTOB noBefleHi/m m np. Cm., HanpMMep, pa3Hbie HCTO/ixoBaHnn, aaHHbie cryqeHTaMH 3HameHMTOMy Te3ncy K. Mapxca «OH/iococ|)bi jinu jb pa3/iMHHbiM o6pa30M oSbHCHHJiM mhp, ho fleno 3ax/ix)HaeTcn B TOM, HT06bl M3MeHMTb erO»: «0M/1OCOC|D, no MHeHMKDMapxca, He flo/i>xeH o6"bncHnTb mmp, Mnp y>xe o6"bncHeHCf)M/10C0ClDaMM. 0M/1OCOC|D flO/l>XeH M3MeH51Tb MHp» (CTyfleHTA.B.); «Bce cf)m/i ococf)bi flo Mapxca oOtncHn/in Mnp

HenpaBM/ibHO. Tenepb ero Haflo ôoe t f lCH HT b" n ^nepeoebncHHTb", noc/ie 3Toro ero m o >k h o M3MeHnTb» (cTyfleHT B.T.).

O t h o u i e h 11 5i m e >k a y t e k c t a m n , y c T a h a B / i M B a i o i M i i e c j i b n p o q e c c e ct>yHKunoHnpoBaHH5i TeKCTa, Bx/ifOHafOT OTHomeHnn n a p a f l k i r M a T M H e c K M e h C M H T a r M a T n n e c K M e ; MHTepTeKCTya/ibHbie h rnnepTexcTa/ibHbie; AepnBaunoHHbie.

n a p a /jM rM a T M v e c K M e m C M H T a m a T ^ e c K n e O TH O LueH M n.

B .A . KyxapeHKO [ K y x a p e H x o 1 9 8 8 ] , ncc / i e f l yn xyflo>KecTBeHHbie TexcTbi b Ayxe i/iAen B.ft. riponna o MOflennpyeMOCTM BOJiuje6Hon cxa3xn [llponn 1928], nprnnna k BbiBOfly o to m , h to b ocHOBe TeKCTO BO M n a p a /ju m b i, xax n napaflnmbi sobixoBOM, ne>xaT accounaTMBHbie OTHOweHi/m Me>xfly o6"bexTaMM - b flaHHOM c/iynae ue/iocmbiMM TexcTaMn, caMOCTOflTe/ibHbiMH, He 3aBncfliunMn Apyr o t

Apyra. Hcc/ieAOBaTe/ieM BbiAe/ieHbi Tpn napaAMrMbi TexcTa: > x a H p o B a n , c [ } yHx i 4 M O H a n b H O - C T M J i e B a n , MHAMBMAya/ibHO-aBTopcxan. no3AHee 3 t o t crrncox 6bm nono/iHeH TeMaTMHecxon napaAMrMon.

B TexcTax xa>xAon H3 napaAMTM npncyTCTByeT c b o h

Ha6op napaAMrMOo6pa3yx)n4Mx npn3HaxoB. Tax, ormcbiBan paccxa3bi-aHexAOTbi B.M. LUyxwHHa, T.H. HnxoHOBa n o x a 3 a n a , h t o o h m cjDopMnpyKDTcn Ha ocHOBe xyAO>xecTBeHHon 3BOxaunn Taxnx oco6eHHOcren aHexAOTa, xax CMexoBOCTb, nrpoBoe Hanano, napaAOxca/ibHOCTb, xpaTxocTb [HnxoHOBa 2002].

ripnHunnbi napaAnrMaTM3npoBaHMn, pa3pa6oTaHHbie B.A. KyxapeHxo, cymecTBeHHbi n 3a npeAe/iaMM MaTepnana xyAO>xecTBeHHon penn: npn3Haxn >xaHpa, c t h / ia , aBTopa n TeMbi cyTb aTpnOyT nx)6oro TexcTa. OTAe/ibHoro 3aMenaHi/m Tpe6yx)T ocHOBaHnn HHAMBHAya/ibHO-aBTopcxon napaAMrMbi:

ecnn ohm 3HaHHMbi Ann TexcTOB reHepanbHon coBOxynHOcrn, t o cneAyeT CHnTb yxa3aHne Ha nHAnBnAyanbHOCTb aBTopa. fleno b to m , h to cyiuecTByeT 6onbwon MaccnB TexcTOB CTaHAapTHbix: aHHOTaunn, TpaHcnopTHbie n Mara3HHHbie Ananorn, MHorne peaxTnBHbie pennnxn (Tuna «Ax!») n AP- flanee: HapnAy c nHAHBnAyanbHbim a b t o po m b

KOMMyHHKaTHBHOki npaxTnxe nMeeT MecTO aBTop, HanpnMep, KonneKTnBHbin, rpynnoBon n AP- Tax, no AaHHbiM n.A. MaHmmija [MaHnHnH 2007], c|)nrypa aBTopa TexcTOB ra3eTHon pexnaMbi HeABnwnMOcrn n pnanTepcxnx ycnyr Bxnx)naeT xax MnHnMyM ABe cocTaBnnx)LAne: c|)npMy, xoMMyHnxaTnBHan AenTenbHOCTb xoTopon xoppennpyeT c TexcTOM xax 3aMbicnoM, n peAaxTopa, Hbn xoMMyHnxaTnBHan AenTenbHOCTb xoppennpyeT c x o h t c x c t o m / cpeAon peann3aunn 3aMbicna b hobom TexcTe-1.

B ocHOBe CMHTarMdTMHecKMx CBn3en MewAy uenbiMn (xyAOwecTBeHHbiMn) TexcraMn B.A. KyxapeHxo yxa3aHbi Taxne Tnnbi cnHTarMaTnnecxnx o6"beAnHeHnn TexcTOB, xax 14nxn n anonen. Ho b cnHTarMaTnnecxyx) uenonxy MoryT BxoAnTb n TexcTbi HexyAOwecTBeHHbie: Bcnxnn TexcT b

npocTpaHCTBe coceACTByeT c ApyrnMn. Cm., HanpnMep: TexcTbi ra3eTHoro HOMepa (cocTaBHoro TexcTa, no TepMnHonornn 3.A. Jla3apeBon); TexcT TenenepeAann n npepbiBax)iAnn ero TexcT pexnaMbi; BonpocHO-OTBeTHbin Ananor; coBOxynHOCTb o6"bnBneHnn, noMeiAeHHbix noA OAHon py6pnxon nnn Ha o a h o h Aocxe oe^BneHnn, n AP-

TexcT O B an c n H T a m a n n a p a A n rM a , b cp aB H eH n n c n3bixoBon, b 6 o n b w e n CTeneHn noA B epw eH a B03AencTBnx)

H o m o L o q u e n s . n p e w A e B c e r o c a M c | ) a x T

B x o w A e H n n / H e B x o w A e H n n T e x c T a b c n H T a r M y n n n

n a p a A n rM y 3an acT yx) y c ra H a B n n B a e T nMeHHO ro B o p n m n n

( n p n M e p : n e p e n e H b A O x y M e H T O B , n p n n a r a e M b i x x

3anBneHnx) o n o cryn n eH n n b yn e6H o e 3aBeAeHne Bbicw ero

m i i/i c p e flH e ro n p o ê c c i/iO H a /ib H o ro o6pa30BaHM M ). O h >xe

aKTMBHO B/iMMeT m Ha ycTpoftcTBO napaAw~Mbi m CMHTambi

(M3MeHeHMe couM a/ibH bix yc/iOBMM b coBpeMeHHoft Poccmm He

T o /ib xo Bbi3Ba/io k >xm3hm >xaHpoBbie napaA M m bi, HanpMMep,

P R -o bckm x TexcTOB, h o m b TeneHM e 2 0 - 2 5 n e j He pa3

MeHM/lO MX COCTaB M OTHOLUeHMM).

M H T e p r e K C T y a / i b H b i e n r n n e p r e K C T y a / i b H b i e

OTHOLUeHMn. TeKCTbl, BXOflMLAMe b M H T ep T e xcrya /ib H b ie M

rM n e p T e x c T y a /ib H b ie coBOxynHOCTM, MMeiOT a ie flyK D Luy io

o6LAyio HepTy: ohm coAep>xaT OTCbmxy k A p y ro M y T e x c ry .

riO C peA C TB O M OTCblJIXM A 3 H H bl ft XOH X peT H bl ft TeXCT

yxa3biBaeT ApyrM e TexcTbi, c xo to pn m m o h CBM3aH. O tcw /ixm

B b in o /iH M iO T p o / ib « 3 B O x a u M O H H o ro c |D o xyca » : b hm x

c [)o x y c M p y e T C M - o 6 w h h o ! - C M b ic /iO B a M C T o p o H a

yxa3b iB aeM oro TexcTa.

PaCCMaTpMBaM COOTHOLUeHMe MHTepTeXCTya/lbHOCTM M

m nepTexcTya/ibHOCTM , O.B. fleAO Ba OTMenaeT, h to ec/iM b

nepBOM c /iy n a e cbm3m «AeMOHcrpaTMBHbi m Har/iM AHbi», t o

m n e p T e x c T - 3 to « C B o e ro p o A a » M M n/ia H T M p o B a H H a n

M H TepTexcrya /ibH O C Tb - n o x o H T p a c ry c ecTecTBeHHOM,

3ax/iiOHeHHOM b caMOM T excT e (xyp cM B H am . - A. V.)» [fleAO Ba 2 0 0 1 , c. 3 3 -3 4 ] .

T a x M M o 6 p a 3 0 M , m H T e p T e x c T y a / i bH bi e m

T M n e p T e x c T y a / ib H b ie coB O xynH O C TM T excT O B - T a x n e

06 "beAMHeHMM TeXCTOB, UeHTpOM XOTOpbIX MB/lMeTCM AaHHblft

x o H x p e T H b i f t T e x c T , c o n p m > x e h h b i ft c T e x c T a M M ,

y x a 3 b iB a e M b iM M O TC bi/ixaM M (b TeopM m r n n e p T e x c T a

npeAnoHTMTe/ibHo: ccbi/ixaM M ) AaHHoro.

1 /lH T e p re K C T y a n b H b ie coB O xynH O C TM T excT O B x a x

M H TepTexcTya/ibH oe npocTpaHCTBO A a H H o ro xo H xp e T H o ro

T excT a M cc/ieAyeTCM npeM M yiA ecTB eH H O Ha M a T e p n a /ie

TexcTOB xyAO>xecTBeHHOM ziM TepaTypbi. 3 t o H ax/iaA bm aeT

c b o m O T n e n a T O K Ha T k in o jio rk iK ) m H T e p T e x c T y a ji bH b ix

a /ie M e H T O B m M e>KTeKCTO Bbix cs9 \3 e i/ \ ( c m . , H a n p M M e p :

[ O a ie e B a 2 0 0 0 ] ) . 1 /lc o ie a o B a H M e a p y r M x TM noB T e x c T a

a e M O H C T p M p y e T , h t o M H T e p T e x c r y a j ib H b ie O T H O iiieH M n

nBJinx)Tcn yHM Bepca/ibHbiM M b MMpe TexcTOB. 3 .A . J la3a p eB a

n o x a 3 b i B a e T , H a n p M M e p , M H T e p T e x c T y a j i b H b i e

B3aMMOfleMCTBMn B TeKCTaX pa3JlMHHblX CpeflCTB MaCCOBOM

K O M M y H M K a u M M ; 3 T O - B 3 a M M O f l e M CTB M e T e K C T O B ,

COCTaBJieHHbIX M3 3HaKOB pa3HblX CeMMOTMHeCKMX CMCTeM, B

p a a M O - m Te/ieBM3MOHHbix TexcT ax ; coneTaH M e B epO a/ibH bix

M MKOHMHeCKMX np O M 3B efleH M M B U e/IO CTH O M Ta3eTH O M

T excT e; coneTaH M e B ep 6a /ib H b ix m H eB epO a/ibb iH x 3/ieM eHTOB

n p M B X J1 K) H e H M M p e X J i a M H O T O T e K C T a B p a f l M O - ,

Te/ieBM3MOHHbiM mjim ra3eTHbiM TexcT [J la 3a p e B a 2 0 0 0 ] .

l/l3yneHM e T L urep reK C T ya /ibH O M coBOxynHOCTM TexcTOB,

MJIM T M n e p T e X C T a , CB513aHO C pa3B M TM eM 3J ieK TpO H H blX

cpeacTB xpaH eH M n m n e p e a a n M MHc[)opMauMM. 3 t o t c|DaKT m

oOycjiOBMJi cneuM (J)MKy c p e a c T B TM nepTexcTyajibH O C TM . B p a O o T e [ f le a o B a 2 0 0 1 ] K O H c ra T M p y e T c n , h t o c n o c o 6 bi

p e a jiM 3 a u M M T M n e p T e x c T O B b ix c c n j io k n p a x T M n e c x M He

orpaH M neH b i: c jio b o , nacTb T e xc T a ; no3MUMn TaOjiMUbi mjim

cnMCxa; cxeM a , pMcyHOK, c|x)Torpac|DMn, mjim mx n a c rb .

B.J iM T e p aT y p e B o n p o c a n p e a n p M H M M a x rrc n nonbiTKM

p a c n p o c T p a H M T b n o H n T M e T M n e p T e x c T a H a T e x c T b i ,

cyiaecTByKDiaM e Ha 6 yMa>KHbix HOCMTejinx. C H M TaeTcn, h t o

T e x c T b i, H a n p M M e p , C a iu M C o x o j iO B a , B. A x y H M H a . B. n e jie B M H a , T. T o jic to m m a p - a B T o p o B n o c T p o e H b i x a x

TM nepTexcT. B o t MJiJiKDcrpauMn M3 «J lM M n o n o » T. T o jic to m :

«Haa rycTOK) j i e 6 e a o x ) ry c M -jie 6 eaM n e j 9 \ j \ To x a x 3 Bepb

ohm 3aBOK)T, t o HoraMM 3acTynaT ! T y c M -jie 6 eaM c ycaM M , -

CTpaiuHO aeB M u e oaHOM; 3 to Tbi, \A b b h CycaHMH? npoB oaM

M eH n , p o a H O k i!» [lla H O B a 2 0 0 1 , c. 2 8 5 - 2 8 6 ] . n p M B e a e M

npoTM Bonojio>KHoe cy>xaeHMe xpMTMxa B. r y 6 aMJiOBCxoro: « b

Cem rnnepTeKCT - 3 to cnoco6 cymecTBOBai-me jikd6oh, b

to m Hkic/ie n HeTexcTOBon, nHcjDopMaunH, n noTOMy rnnepTexcT Hnxax He MO>xeT 6biTb zinTepaTypHbiM npneMOM, xaxoBbiM oh 6bm Ha 6yMare: CMeiuHO xBacraTbce nepefl pbi6aMn yMeHneM HbipeTb: ohm nocMOTpeT Ha Te6e xax Ha MflMOTa - ohm 3flecb >KMByT» (Pyccxnn >xypHa/i. 2003).

O t h o u i e h 11 5i m e >k a y t e k c t a m ii , ycTaHaB/iM BaK)iAnece b n p o u e c c e o6pa30BaHna TeKCTa, m/im TeKCT006pa30saHM5i. Bonpoc o cymHOCTM m cneuncjDMKe TexcTOo6pa30BaHne eiue He Haw e/i CBoero peiueHkie. 0 6 3tom CBkifleTe/ibCTByeT Hepa3/ikmeHne m/im

H e p a 3 r p a H M H e H n e / M e T O f l k m e c K n He C T p o r o e pa3rpaHMHeHne TeKcronop>xfleHkm n TeKCTOo6pa30BaHne, T e k c t o o 6 p a 3 0 b a h n e n C T p o e H n e T e x c T a , TeKCT0006pa30BaHne xax fleeTe/ibHOcrn n xax npoayxTa AeeTe/ibHOCTH, Hepa3pa6oTaHHOCTb Bonpoca o CBe3n TexcTOo6pa30BaHne m aepnBaumm, Texcroo6pa30BaHne n MHTepnpeTaunn m flp. npnBefleM xapaxTepHoe cy>xfleHne: «nofl TexcTOo6pa30BaHMeM Mbi noHMMaeM Ty 06/iacTb /lMHTBMCTMKM TeXCTa, KOTOpae MCC/ieflyeT COGCTBeHHO 513blKOBbie 33KOHOMepHOCTH OpraHH3aUHH TeKCTa (Bbifle/ieHO aBTopoM. A. V.) n KOTopae TpaflnunoHHO MMeHyeTce rpaMMaTnxon TexcTa» [flbiMapcxnn 1999, c. 21].

B noTOxe /lkiTepaTypbi Bbifle/ieeTce p a 6oTa Jl.B. C a x a p H o r o [ CaxapHbin 1 9 8 9 ] , KOTopbin p a 3/ikm aeT o6pa30BaHne, nopo>KfleHMe n nocrpoeHne TexcTa, n Jl.H. Myp3MHa [Myp3MH 1982] o flepnBaunoHHbix MexaHM3Max TeKCT006pa30BaHne. B pa6oTe [HyBaxnH 1998, c. 2 3 -2 4 ] Bonpoc o n p o u e c c a x TeKCTOo6pa30BaHnn CBe3aH cflepMBaUMOHHbIMM OTHOLUeHkmMH Kax TMnOM Me>KTeKCTOBblX OTHOiueHMM n Bbicxa3aHa rnnoTe3a o CK/iaflbiBaHkin b paMxax Te o pnn TexcTa TeKCTOf lepnBaTO/ iornn xax HayHHon Akicunn/inHbi, 3aflaHen KOTopon eB/ieeTce ncc/ieflOBaHne

TeKCTOo6pa30BaHkin. B 6o/iee no3AHMx pa6oTax aBTopa [HyBaKMH 1999], [HyBaxMH, EpoBXMHa, Bo/iKOBa, HMXOHOBa 2000], [HyBaKMH, neiiJKOBa 2004], [HyBaxMH 2007] m b pnqe KaHAMflaTCKkix AMCcepTaukiM, Bbino/iHeHHbix nofl ero pyKOBOACTBOM: [BacmieHxo 2008] , [TaBeHxo 2002] , [CaBOHxnHa 2007] m AP-, - Ha ocHOBe MCC/ieAOBaHMn xoHxpeTHoro MaTepna/ia pa3pa6oTaHbi HexoTopbie xaieropkiM m noHnTMn, onncbiBax)LAne OTHOiueHMn Mex<Ay TexcTaMM, ycTaHab/ ik iBaX) la neon b n p o u e c c a x TexcTOo6pa30BaHnn.

/JepMBauMOHHbie o tholueHmh. T/iaBHan 3aAana AepkiBauMOHHbix npoueccoB b cc|)epe TexcTOo6pa30BaHnn c o c t o m t b o6pa30BaHMM TexcTOB Ha 6a3e y>xe CyiAeCTByKDLAMX B TeXCTOBOM COBOXynHOCTM TexcTOB.

Ecjim b OTHOLueHkin TexcTonopo>XAeHMn - TexcTonoHMMaHkin bxoast Texcrbi, ynacTByKDLAMe b npouecce cooTBeTCTBeHHO nopo>xAeHMn m nom/mam/m TexcTa, to AepkiBauMOHHbie OTHOiueHnn ycraHaB/iMBaiOTcn Mex<Ay TexcTaMM, oamh m3 xoTopbix nB/meTcn npoM3BOAHbiM no otholueHmx) x ApyroMy, MCxoAHOMy: «b xanecTBe AepMBauMOHHbix cneAyeT paccMaTpMBaTb CB513M, xotopnmm o6"beAHHnx)Tcn nepBMHHbie m, ocHOBaHHbie Ha hmx, BTOpMHHbie n3blXOBbie eAMHMUbl M XOTOpbie TMnMHHbl f\H9\ OTHOLLieHMM Me>XAy MCXOAHbIMM M npOM3BOAHblMM 3HaxaMMn3bixa» [Ky6pnxoBa, naHxpau 1982, c. 8 -9 ] . TaxMM o 6 p a 3 0 M , b a a h h o m c / i y n a e p e n b m a g t o TexcT006pa30BaTe/ibH0M COBOXynHOCTM TexcTOB, c oahom CTOpOHbl, M O COBOXynHOCTM «MCXOAHblM - npOM3BOAHblM TexcT», c[)yHxuMOHMpyK)LAeM b npeAe/iax nepBOM.

B03MO>XHOCTb yCMOTpeHMn AepMBauMOHHbix OTHOLLieHMM xax TMna Me>xTexcTOBbix noAroTOB/ieHa pâom c|)axTopoB:

- BceM xoflOM kiccneflOBaHkin TexcTa: bo m h o t m x

c/iynanx OTHomeHkin Me>xfly TexcraMM no CBoen cym ecTb

OTHOLueHkin m c x o a h o to (nepBM H Horo) m npon3BO flH oro

(BTopkiHHoro). Cp.: nepBMHHbie m BTopMHHbie peneBb ie

>xaHpbi y M .M . BaxTMHa; npn3HaHkie P. BapTOM xa>xfloro

TexcTa MHTep-TexcTOM; MCC/ieflOBaHMe H . C m m p h o b w m

nsnenm m-rrepTexcra, Bn. Cxa/iMHxoki - 3BOxaunn m flp.

Maiepkia/ib i, npeflcraB/ieHHbie b psme MOHorpacjDMM m

CTaTen, noxa3biBaKDT, h t o OTHomeHkin Me>xfly f lByMn

H a C T M H H O CO B n afla KD LU M M M T e X C T a M M , n e r x o

MHTepnpeTkipyx)Tcn xax OTHomeHkin Me>xfly m cxoahm m m

npon3BO flHb iM , t . e. xax flepkiBauMOHHbie OTHomeHkin.

n pk iB e f l eM H e x o T o p b i e npM M epb i : J l .M . M a n f l a H O B a

paccMaTpkiBaeT cjDaxTbi 3aBepweHMn nepBMHHoro TexcTa,

npoflo/i>xeHMn 3aBepm eHHoro nepBMHHoro TexcTa m flp .

[M anflaHOBa 1994]; 3 .A. J la3apeBa M3ynaeT cocraBHOki

r a3eTHbm T e x c T [ J l a 3 a p e B a 1993] ; f l .M. B / i x m e H a y

[B/iKDMeHay 1982] onkicbm aeT npoueaypb i CBepTbmaHkin

HayHHOki kiHcjDopMaukiki, coflepwaiuekicn b TexcTax. Py6e>xHoe

3HaneHkie xax dpaKT nocTaHOBXki npo6/ieMbi kiMex)T y>xe

ynoMnHyTbie craTbn Jl.H. Myp3kiHa ki XHkira Jl.B. CaxapHoro;

- o c o 3 H a H k i e M c a M k i M k i r o B o p n u j M M M cjDaxTa

o6pa30BaHkin CBoero TexcTa Ha ocHOBe ny>xoro. B xanecTBe

ki/i/iKDCTpaukiki c /iy>xaT M a T e p k ia /ib i p y 6 p n x k i « n o x o ^ y

T excTa» b >xypHa/ie «HoBbiki Mkip». npkiBefleM ki3 T o ro >xe

>xypHana flBa c/ieflyx)LUMx cy>xfleHkin, b oahom m3 xoTopbix

n p eflc raB /ieH a kiHTepnpeTaukin ny>xoro (M CxoflHoro) TexcTa,

a b flpyroM - 6a30B an TexcTO o6pa30BaTe/ibHan onepaukin ki

npkiHkiHa HeB03M 0>XH0CTki e \o B O c n o /ib 3 0 B a T b c n b tom

CMTyauMM, x o T o p y x ) M 3 /ia ra e T a B T o p : « H o M H TepecH O

noHnTb, h to npoMCxoflMT b npoM3BefleHMnx Tex, XTO XpOBHO

m 6o/ibHO CBn3aH c Tenepew H eki >xM3HbK) c/iOBa.

TexcT, cxaweM, MOweT ncHe3HyTb BOo6me, ocraBHB noc/ie ce6n nmlub npnMenaHnn, ko top nx , BnpoHeM, Ha6npaeTcn Ha orpoMHbin tom, - npnMenaHnn k xorfla-TO, He 3flecb n He c HaMn, nponcineAinen wh3hh. 5\ roBopx) o KHnre flMMTpnn Ta/iKOBCKoro "BecxoHeHHbin Tynnx".

M/in n3 TexcTa, npn coxpaHeHnn ero rpaMMaTHHecxon crpyKTypbi, ncHe3aK)T 3HaHHMbie c/iOBa, c/iobo pa3/iaraeTcn b caMon cepflueBnHe - b xopHe, npn coxpaHeHnn bhahmocth wh3hh b cyc|Dc|DnKcax n cjD/ieKcnnx, xax 3to nponcxoAHT b TexcTax/1. neTpyiijeBCKon...» (T. KacaTxnHa);

«nepecKa3aTb ero (fl.C. JlnxaHeBa. - A. V.^c/iOBa n He

6epycb - c/iHUJKOM BawHa nHTOHaunn, BaweH toh, KOTopbin,

n o n 3 B e c T H O M y B b i p a w e H n x ) , A e / i a e T My3b ixy» (C.

ABepnHueB);

- npn3HaHneM AepnBaunoHHbix OTHOineHnn oahhm n3 TnnoB yHHBepca/ibHbix OTHOineHnn b n3bixe. 3Ta nx oueHxa npncyTCTByeT, HanpnMep, b c/ieflyKDiunx cywAeHnnx: «B xanecTBe AepnBaunoHHbix c/ieflyeT paccMaTpnBaTb Taxne CBn3n, KOTopbiMn o6"beAnHnK)Tcn nepBHHHbie n, ocHOBaHHbie Ha hhx, BTopnHHbie n3biKOBbie eflnHnubi n KOTopbie TnnnHHbi A/in OTHOineHnn MewAy ncxoAHbiMn n npon3BOAHbiMn 3HaxaMn n3bixa.

OTHOineHnn T a xo ro nopnA xa o6Hapy>xnBaK)Tcn M ewAy

eAnHnuaM n oahoto n to to w e ypoBHn... n Me>K/jy e/jnHMLiaMM p a s H b ix y p o B H e n ... (x y p c n B H am . - A V . ) » [K y 6 p n x o B a ,

naHxpau 1982, c. 8-9].

1/lTax, AepnBaunoHHbie OTHOineHnn MewAy TexcTaMn, xax n MewAy ApyrnMn jinHrBncTHHecKHMn o6"beKTaMn, roBopn cnoBaMn Jl.l/I. Myp3nHa, HanpaB/ieHbi «Ha c[)yHKi4noHa/ibHO-ceMaHTnHecKoe npeo6pa30BaHne hcxoahoh eAnHni_ibi» n opneHTnpoBaHbi «/in6o Ha C03AaHne hoboto 3Haxa, /in 6o Ha BbipaweHne ncxoAHbiM 3HaxoM hoboh

cJdyhkumi/i» [M yp3M H 1 9 7 6 , c. 1 0 ] . T e x c ro o 6 p a 3 0 B a H M e

o6ecneHMBaeTcn npoueccaMM AepMBauMOHHbiMM BMecre c

H e A e p M B a u M O H H b iM M n p o u e c c a M M (n e x c M H e c x M M M ,

CMHTaKCMHeCKMMM, MHTOHaUMOHHbIMM TpaHCC|)OpMaUM51MM M

AP-). flepMBaUMOHHbie OTHOWeHMfl CB513blBaX)T MCXO/JHb/M

(nepB M VH blM ) M np0M 3B0flHb!M ( 3 TOpM^Hb/M) TeXCTbl.

n pMBeAGM B d>K H eftLU M e n O H X T M fl, nOCpeACTBOM

KOTOpbIX OnMCblBaKDTCn AGpMBaUMOHHbie OTHOLUeHMfl Me>KAy

TexcTaMM, ycTaHaBJiMBax)U4Mec5i b npouecce o6pa30BaHMn

TexcTa.

npOM3BO/JHOCTb TeKCTa. B OTHOLUeHM51X npOM3BOAHOCTM

MoryT HaxoAMTbcn TexcTbi, ec/iM ohm flB/inxrrcfl nacTMHHO

coBnaAaKDLAMMM, M/iM, xax nMca/i Jl.H. M yp 3 MH no noBOAy

AepMBauMM npeA/io>xeHMn [M yp 3 MH 1974, c. 48], nacTMHHO

TO>xAecTBeHHbiMM. f la /ib H eM U jan o u e H x a npoM3BOAHoro

TexcTa magt b TepMMHax: « 6 biTb c/io>xHee» [Myp3MH 1974 c.

48], « 6 biTb 0 6 'bflCHeHHbiM c noMOLAbX) nepBMHHoro 3Haxa»

[K y 6 pnxoB a, n a H x p a u 1982, c. 8 ]. BHyTpeHHMM cm ncji

Taxoro o6"bncHeHMn 6a3MpyeTcn Ha Te3Mcax r .O . BMHOxypa. Paccy>xAan o npoM3BOAHbix c/iOBax, oh nMca/i: ecTb «c/iOBa,

cocTaB/inx)LAMe b M3BecTHOM CMbic/ie He BnonHe yc/iOBHbie, MOTMBMpoBaHHbi e o 6 o 3 Ha Me H M5i n p e AMeTOB AeMCTBMTenbHOCTM, npMHeM motmbmpoBahHOCTb 3Toro poAa

o 6 o 3 H a H e H M M B b ipa>xaeT C fl b o t h o l u e H m ax M ex<Ay

3 H a H a m M M M 3 b y x o b bi m m x o m n ji e x c a M M ,

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http://www.proza.ru/

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pea /in30B aH H b ie b c/ieflyKDiueM TexcTe:

BcTpenax)Tcn flBe noflpyrn:

- A h t o cennac f le / ia e T Marnxa?

- YnnT JinTepaTypy!

- KoiiJMap! HeMy OHa MO>xeT HaynnTb JinTepaTypy?

2. O rm iu M T e c n o c o 6 b i onepnpoB aH M M noTpe6HOCTMMM

(o n p e f le / iM M C M b ic / io o 6 p a 3 y x )L A n n m o t m b A e M T e /ib H O crn n

M OTMB-CTMMyJl) yHaCTHMXOB XOMMyHMXaTMBHOTO a X T a ,

OTpa>xeHHbie b c / ie f ly io m e M T e x c re :

l / IC T M H H o e O T H O L u e H k ie x H a iu e M y c n c T e M H O M y

a f lM H H M C T p a T o p y c r a / i o noH M TH b iM , x o r ^ a a g b o h x m M3

6 y x r a / iT e p n n n p n H M / in o 6 m e e p e w e H n e c x o p M M T b e M y

TOpTMX AByXHeflenbHOM A3BHOCTM.

3. l / l3 M e H M T e C M C TeM y n o T p e 6 H O C T e n ( b T e x c T e

ynpa>xH eH M M N° 2) m c o 3 A a n T e c b o m T e x c r , He M eH mm

c r p y x T y p y xoMMyHMxaTMBHoro axTa.

4. O n p e A e / iM T e TMnbi TexcTOB, B x /uoH e H H b ix b T e xcT

C T M x o T B o p e H M M T. C o 6 a x M H a . 0 n m h i M Te M O A e / ib

Me>XTeXCTOBOrO B3aMMOAeMCTBMM.

KaK wioBKiift 6erc.MOT roiiH.iCM aa naxa.ibiioil mvxoi'i B TCCHOft KOMIiaTC, TAC tfbMO M uoro CTCK.iMHuoii nocvAbi

( IICMHO/KKO IIeo6bllIHOe HECTIlXOTBOpCHlie)

>K>K>k>kzK>K>K>K>K/K>K>K/K>k>k>k>k>K/K/K>K>K/K>K)K>K>K>K/K>KBALI!>K... >K...>K>k>k>K >K >K >K >K >K >K >K >K >K >K >K >K >K >K >KBALI! BALL!zK>K>K>K/K>KBAH! BYM! A 3M H b!.../K>k>k>k>k>kT O II.>K>K/K>kTon-Ton.zK>K>K>K>K/K>K>KTon-Ton-Ton.zK/K/K>K/K>K>K/K>K>K>K>K>K/K>K>K1II.1EII!!!

I I CTa.lO T1IXO.

5 . M c c / ie f ly M T e T e x c T O B b ie x a p a x T e p k ic m x M no/in apryM eHTaukik i, crrpa>xeHHbie b c n e f ly io iu e M T e x c re :

(pex/iaMa xa3kiHO-x/iy6a «npeMbep»)

YflaHHOki oxoTbi!

B x a 3 k iH O - x n y 6 e « n p e M b e p » O T x p b iT a « O x o T a Ha

n r y a p a » . T /iaBHbik i TpocjDeki - x m t c e 3 0 H a , y>xe craBUJkm

x / ia c c k ix o k i , a B T O M o 6 k i / ib «JAGUAR S - T y p e » . f l k i3 a k m

aB T O M o6k i/ in b CTki/ie p e T p o -x / ia c c k ix i / i , BHewHkik i j io c x ki

p o c x o n ib k iH T e p be p a y f lO B J ie T B o p n x r r ca M bm k i3b icxaH H bm

Bxyc, a e ro pofloc/iO BH ae BbiCTynaeT o t j i h h h o h

pexoMeHflaunen crn/ie n Bxyca CBoero xo3enHa.

06/iaflaTe/ieM «oxoTHHHben /inueH3Hn» MO>xeT CTaTb Ka>Kflbm rocTb xa3n h o , no/iyHMBLUMM onpefle/ieHHoe KO/lMHeCTBO 6a/l/10B.

He Haflo MeHTaTb o flryape - npi/iMM yHacrne b oxoTe n Bbinrpan!

6 . l/l3MeHMTe xapaKTepkiCTMKM none apryMeHTaunn, pea/in30BaHHbie b npnBefleHHOM Bbiiue Texcre. Onpefle/wTe aflanTMBHbin noTeHuna/i flaHHoro TexcTa. Mcc/ieflynTe, xaxnM o6pa30M H3MeHeTce ero TexcTOBbie xapaxTepncTnxn.

7. l/l3yHMB MaTepna/i r/iaBbi, npefl/io>xHTe rnnoTe3y o B3anMOflencTBnn OTHOiueHne Texcra x flencTBHTe/ibHOcm n x TexcTaM. npoaHa/in3npynTe He6o/ibiuon TexcT (xopoTxnn paccxa3 1/1. ByHMHa, A. KynpnHa, B. AcTacjDbeBa n flp.; pex/iaMHoe oeteB/ieHne, TexcT couna/ibHon pex/iaMbi; Bbicxa3biBaHne xo/i/iern / npneTe/ie / c/iyHanHoro co6eceflHnxa n flp.) Ha ocHOBe BbiflBHHyTon BaMn rnnoTe3bi.

8 . rionbiTanTecb npofl/inTb pefl ocHOBaHnn, no xoTopbiM CTponTce napaflnrMa / cnHTama TexcTa. Kaxne cjDaxTopbi MoryT CTaTb TaxoBbmn? Kaxne He MoryT? l~lpefl/io>xHTe o6"becHeHne.

9. no Baiuen oueHxe, cymecTByx)T Henpon3BOflHbie TexcTbi?

10. noHeMy b r/iaBe He ncno/ib30BaHO noHeTne npon3BOfleiuero TexcTa?

11. Kax cooTHOceTce TexcTonopo>xf leHHe / TexcTonoHkiMeHne n TexcTOo6pa30BaHne?

12. Bbi6epnTe xopoTxnn no npoTe>xeHHOcm TexcT n pexoHCTpynpynTe rHe3flo poflCTBeHHbix TexcTOB

OTHOCHTe/ibHO n36pam-ioro BaMn TexcTa. Hto flaeT 3Ta pexoHCTpyxunn fl/ in o 6ecneHei-mn noHnMam/in n ncronxoBaHkin flam-ioro TexcTa?

B M E C T O 3 A K /1 IO H E H I4 5 1

OnepaqiiO Ha/ibHanOpMeHTIipOBaHHOCTbyMeHMn o TeKCTe Ha HHTepn peTaTH BHy k >

A e n T e / i b H O C T b

c/iyuiaioiA ero (m rra io iije ro )

1/lTax, o c H O B H b i e p a 3 a e / i b i y H e 6 H o r o n o c o 6 n n

n p e a /ia ra K D T h M T a T e /i\o o 6 iu e T e o p e T M H e c x M e 3HaHMn

O T H O C M Te / i b H O p a 3 / i M H H b i x a c n e x T O B T e x c T a : e r o

KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM OpraHM3ai4MM, 3HaKOBOM npMpOflbl M

BbiTexaKDiaeM M3 Hee ypoBHeBOM crpyxTypbi, e ro CBOMCTBa

caMOopraHM3auMM, a Taioxe ero MecTa b KOMMyHMKaTMBHOM

npocTpaHCTBe, e ro BxmoneHHOCTM b MHTepTexcTya/ibHbie

CB513M M T. a.

n p a x T M H e c x M M a c n e x T o 6 i a e M T e o p M M T e x c T a

npean o /ia raeT Mcno/ib30BaHMe 3 tm x 3H3hmm (KOHenHO, npM

yc/iOBMM mx npMCBoeHMn) npM pa3/iMHHbix BMaax pa6oT c

TeKCTOM, B LUMpOKOM CMblC/ie B npOUeCCe C|DM/10/10rMHeCK0M

pecjD/iexcMM.

PecjD/iexcMn - poaoBoe noHnTMe no OTHOLueHMK) x nOHMMaHMK), nOHMMaHMe ecTb 0praHM30BaHH0CTb

pecjD/ieKcnn, c/ieflOBaTe/ibHO, flocrynHa opraHH3aunn xax Bnfl flenTe/ibHOCTn. PecjD/iexcnBHan flenTe/ibHOCTb onpeflenneTcn xax «cpeflCTBO couna/ibHoro no3HaHnn Toro, h to fl/in peunnneHTa nB/meTcn HOBbiM» [BornH 1989, c. 53]. C /ieflO BaTe/ibHO , c|)nJiojiornHecxan pecjDJiexcnn - cneunc[)HHecxnn, Bcerfla oco3HaHHbin npouecc, b xofle xoToporo peunnneHT, ncno/ib3yn 3HaHnn o TexcTe, ero crpyxType, opraHH3aunn, CBoncTBax, cmjieBon n waHpoBon npnpofle n np ., n3B/iexaeT HOByx) HHcjDopMaunx) o CMbic/iOBon opraHH3aunn TexcTa - noHHMaeT ero . l1poc|DeccnoHa/i-nHTepnpeTaTop b npouecce noHHMaHnn pacno/iaraeT Ha6opoM x/ix)Hen - 3HaHnn n HaBbixaMn nx ncnonb30BaHnn, b 3 t o m CMbic/ie ero HHTepnpeTaunn npnHunnna/ibHbiM o6pa30M OT/innaeTcn o t o6bifleHHon HkiTaTenbcxon pecjD/iexcnn, xoTn noc/ieflHnn MOweT 6biTb o6"bexTOM cneuna/ibHoro ncc/ieflOBaHnn.

Bonpoc o cyiflHOCTn noHMMaHnn TexcTa - oahh n3 caMbix TpyflHbix b c[)n/io/iornn. noHHMaHneM TexcTa Ha3biBax)T [TaM we, c. 53] o6pameHne onbiTa ne/iOBexa Ha TexcT c ue/ibX) ocBoeHnn ero coflepwaTe/ibHOcrn, n Torfla roBopnT o repMeHeBTnnecxon pa6oTe c TexcTOM [BornH 1982, 1989, 1994; ApHO/ibfl 1974].

noHHMaHHe - c[)eHOMeH, b x o t o p o m oxa3biBax)Tcn CBn3aHHbmn couna/ibHoe n nHflnBnflya/ibHoe 6 biTne ne/iOBexa. B nH TepnpeTaunn TexcTa 3 t o BefleT x nocneflOBaTe/ibHOMy pa3rpaHnneHnx), c oflHon c t o p o h n , c flpyron, x ycTaHOB/ieHnx) CBn3en nHflnBnflya/ibHO n j i h h h o c t h o 3HannMoro onbiTa cy6"bexTa c couna/ibHO H an 6 o /ie e cymecTBeHHbiMn fl/in xaw flon flaHHon repMeHeBTnnecxon cnTyaunn (cnTyaunn, Tpe6yK)iuen Mbic/wTe/ibHbix ycn/inn) CMbic/iaMn.

noHMMaHkie n o c b o m m cymHOCTHbiM x a p a K T e p M c m x a M

OKa3biBaeTCM CBM3aHHbiM, c o a h o m C T opoH b i, c A p y r o f t -

O T r p a H M H e H H b l M - C T 3 KM M M nO H M TM M M M , 3 H 3 H M e,

MbiiuneHMe, co3HaHMe. 3 tm pa3/iMHMM c o r / ia cH O KOHuenuMM

r.l/l. BorMHa 3aKJiK)HaK)TCM b cneflyKDLAMx no/io>xeHMMx.

r iO H M M aH M e He TO>KAeCTBeHHO 3H3HM K), XOTM npM

n e p e x o f l e o t n p o u e c c a n o H M m b h m m k e r o p e 3 y / ib T a T y

B 0 3 H M K a e T M M eH H O 3 H a H M e . r iO H M M a H M e M 3 H 3 H Me

COCTaB/lMKDT eflMHCTBO. 3HaHMe OT/lMHaeTCM OT nOHMMaHMM,

x a x BnafleHM e OT/iMnaeTCM o t ocBoeHMM. KpoM e T o ro , 3HaHMe

n p e f ln o / ia r a e T co xp a H e H M e b naMMTM. 3HaHM e c[)MxcMpyeT

(c o x p a iA a e T noABM>KHOCTb) OTpa>xeHMM T o ro , h t o HaxoAMTCM

b ABM>xeHMM; n o H M M a H M e , H a o 6 o p o T 6 e p e T o B t e x T b

ABM>KeHMM M Ue/IMKOM. XpaHMMOe B naMMTM 3H3HMe B/lMMeT

Ha noHMMaHMe, pacw M pM eT e r o ropM 30H T [BorM H 1982, c. 15].

n o H M M a H M e He M b i iu / ie H M e . O T f le / ib H b m n e / io B e x ,

BbiCTynaM b po/iM peuM nneH Ta TexcTa, TeopeTMnecxM m w c / im t

p e f lx o , a noHMMaeT nacTO. B 6o/ib iuMHCTBe c / iy n a e B j i io a h

npMXOAMT K M bl C/1 M H e p e 3 n o H M M a H M e , HO B KaKMX-TO

c / iy n a M x noHMMaHMe A O cm raeT C M 6 / ia ro f la p M M b iiu / ieH M io .

no3TO M y B03M0>KHa MHTepnpeTauMM y>xe noHM Toro TexcTa ,

h o b o 3 m o >k h o m o 6 p a T H o e - n p e o A O /ie H M e HenoHMMaHM m

n o c p e f lC T B O M M H T e p n p e T a u M M . B p e c |)J ie K C M B H O M

AeMTenbHOCTM o 6 a c n o c o 6 a coneTaiO TCM : o t noHMMaHMM

n e / io B e x MfleT k M HTepnpeTauM M , a o t Hee - k / ly n iu e M y

noHMMaHMio, B3aMMOfleMCTBMM noHMMaHMM m MHTepnpeTauMM

o6ecneHM Bax)T m y 6 M H y noHMMaHMM. noHMMaHMe He T o / ib x o

p a u M O H a / i b H b i M n p o u e c c , o h o M B / i M e T C M

H yB C TB eH H O -pauM O H a/ibH b iM n p o u e c c o M . B nyBC TBeH H yx)

cc [)epy noHMMaHMM BK/uonaiOTCM b o / im , ceHCopHaM cc|)epa ,

3MOi4nn, nepex<nBaHnn. noHnMaHne - HeoTeopeTnnecxan c|)opMa ocBoeHnn AencTBHTe/ibHOcrn [TaM >xe, c. 1 6 ] .

n o H n M a H n e He c o 3 H a H n e . C o 3 H a H n e , b O T J in n n e o t

noHUM aHnn, KO H crnTynpyeT cn He TO/ibKO OTpa>xeHneM, ho n

u e / ie n o / ia T a H n e M , y n p a B / ie H n e M n OTHOweHneM. C o3H aHne -

oco3H aH H oe 6 b iT ne , t . e. OTHOweHne 5\ k h e-5T n o H n M a H n e

e c T b n o H n M a H n e c o 3 H a H n n , t . e. o c B o e H n e

C 0 A e p x < a T e / ib H 0 C T n c o 3 H a H n n b t o m B H A e , x a x 3T a

c o f l e p x o T e / i b H O C T b A a H a b T e x c T a x . B M e c T e c TeM

noH nM aH ne He oco3H aH ne , t . e. He n e p e x o A o t H e-co3H aH nn

k co3H aH nx). n o H n M a H n e MO>xeT 6biTb oco3HaHHbiM b c / iy n a e

B ep6anbH O Bbipa>xaeM on H H T e p n p e T a u n n [TaM >xe, c. 1 7 ] .

Bo m HO>x e c T B e c / i y n a e n o H n M a H n e x a x c | )e H O M e H

KOMMyHnxaTHBHon f le n T e / ib H O c rn Aa>xe n He Hy>KflaeTcn b

o c o 3 H a H n n . H a n p n M e p , b c n T y a u n n , x o r f l a n e / iO B e x y

H e x o r f la , o h H a 6 n p a e T HOM ep, 6 e p e T T p y 6 x y pe6eH O K -

A a / i b H e n m n n p a 3 r o B o p MO>xeT n He c o c T o n T b c n , t . x .

H e / io B e x n o H n M a e T , h t o p o f lH T e / i e n H eT e iu e A O M a .

Pec|DJieKTHBHbin n / ia H : T p y 6 x y B3n/i Carna - 3H annT, OTua HeT

AOM a - 3 H a n H T , HaAO x u a c T b T p y 6 x y - 3 H a n n T , HaAO

nepe3BOHnTb.

n o H n M a H n e BOo6 iu e n n o H n M a H n e TexcTOB n B /m e T cn

o a h h m n3 K O M noH eH TO B c n c T e M O M b ic / ie A e n T e / ib H O C T n ;

b o c H O B e T n n o / i o r n n n o H H M a H n n / ie > x n T c n o c o 6 HOCTb

no /ib30B aT bcn n3biKOM x a x 3H axoB on c n c re M o n . n o H n M a H n e

o 6 e c n e n n B a e T c n nM n 3 a B n c n T o t T o r o , x a x o e 3 H a n e H n e

n p n A a e T c n ee h c x o a h w m 3 HaxaM n c[)opMy/iaM. B BeAym eM

r e p M e H e B T n n e c x o M H a n p a B / i e H n n - c e M n o T n n e c x o n

repM eH eB T nxe - Bb iAe /m eTcn Tpn 0 6 / i a c m ncc /ieA O B aH nn:

1) cnHTaxcnnecKntt aHa/in3 (npaBn/ia o6pa30BaHnn n npeo6pa30BaHnn Bbipa>xeHnn n3bixa);

2 ) c e M a H T M H e c K M k i : B b i p a > x e H H n M n 3 bi x a

n p n n n c b iB a e T c n c o a h o h c ro p o H b i , A e c n m a T (n p e A M e T ), c

A p y ro n - c m n c / i , n p n c y iA H n 3TOMy A e c n m a T y ;

3 ) nparMaTMHecKMki aH a/ik i3 c e M n o T H H e c x o n c n c re M b i

CBn3aH c n c n o n b 3 0 B a H n e M 3 t o h c n c re M b i , n / in n 3 b ix a , Ha

npaKTHKe [Py3aBHH 1 9 8 5 , c. 1 6 6 ] .

IIOHHMaHHe c ceM noTMHecKon t o h x h 3peH nn «CBOAHTcn

K paCKpblTMKD C M blC /ia n / i n 3 H a H e H H n CeMHOTHHeCXOH

cncTeMbi < . . . > , a 3t o 3H aneH ne cjDopMnpyeTcn ne/iOBexoM b

p e 3 y / ib T a ie e r o A e n T e /ib H O crn , TaxnM o 6 p a 3 0 M , noHMMaHne

OTHOcnTcn x o6"bexTaM, xo T o p b ie c o c ra B / in x )T n p o A y x T T a x o n

flenTenbHO CTn» [TaM >xe, c. 1 6 8 ] . noHM M aHne c h h o h h m h h h o

f l e x o f l n p o B a H n x ) - c o c T a B H o n n a c T n T e x c T O B O M

f le n T e / ib H O C T n . P a c m n c |D p o B b iB a K )L u a n f le n T e / ib H O C T b

OT/inHaeTcn o t n p o u e f ly p H o n TeM, h t o b Hen «npon3BO AHTcn

M 3 M e H e H n e M a T e p n a / ia , HannHaKDT n r p a T b H o p M aT H B b i

u e n e H a n p a B / ie H H b ix y c n / in n n HMeeT M e c ro pec[D/iexcnn HaA

onbiTOM» [B o rn H 1 9 8 9 , c. 1 2 ] . T a x n M o 6 p a 3 0 M , b cncTeM e

f le n c T B M T e / ib H O C T b - n e / iO B e x - T e x c T , n o c n e f l H n n

3 a x p e n n n e T b 3 H a xo B o n cjDopMe noHM M aHne x a x o c B o e H n e

flencTBMTenbHOCTn, a t o t , x to craBMT ue /ibK ) noHsrrb TexcT,

f lo / i>xeH n o H n T b n o H s rro e , t o ecTb B0CC03flaTb a B T o p c x o e

noHMMaHne.

H e o 6 xo f lM M O n o A n e p x H y T b , h t o n p o u e c c noH H M aH nn

T e x c T a x a x A e x o A n p y x ) i u a n T e x c T O B a n A e n T e / ib H O C T b

H e o 6 x o f ln M b c / iy n a e « n p e o f lo / ie H n n AencTBM Te/ibH b ix n / in

B03M0>XHbix pa3pbiBOB b x o M M y m / ix a u n n » [B o n /m 1 9 8 2 , c.

1 2 ] b c n T y a u n n x , r ^ e « T p e 6 ye T cn re p M e H e B T n n e cx o e y c n / in e

(noA H . a B T o p o M )» [TaM >xe], H anpaB /ieH H oe Ha n 3 B /ie n e H n e

C M b ic / ia , p a 3 p e m a K ) L A e r o H e n o H H M a H n e . P a 3 p b iB b

x o M M y H n x a u n n b «ecTecTBeHHOM» n p o u e c c e noHHMaHi/m ( b

noB ceA H eB H on xoM M yH nxaT H B H on A e n T e / ib H O c rn ) - 3t o t o

Mecro , r f le Tpe6yeTcn repM eHeBTnnecxoe y c n / in e , xapaKTepn3yeMoe nHTeHcnc|Dnxaunen Mbic/ieflenTe/ibHOcrn.

npeflM eTO M repM eHeBTM H ecxon pa6oTb i nB /ineT cn T e x c r

( B c n o M H k i M o n p e f l e / i e H n e T e x c T a b 1 .2 .) . X o m

n cT o n xo B a H n x ) M oryT 6biTb n o f lB e p m y T b i n x )6 b ie 3H axoBb ie

n o c T p o e m / in , x y a o > x e c T B e H H b in T e x c T e c T b H a n 6 o / i e e

n o f lx o f ln iA i /m f l / in n c r o / ix o B a H n n o6"bexT. T e x cT b i c to h x m

3 p e H n n r e p M e H e B T n n e c x o r o n o T e H u n a / ia f l e / i n T c n Ha

> x e c T x n e M M n r x k i e . > K e c T x i / ie T e x c T b i o 6 / i a f l a x ) T

0AH03HaHH0CTbX) i/i o n p e f le / ie H H O C T b io , l/l OrpaHI/IHeHHbIM

h m c / i o m M H T e p n p e T a u u M ( H a n p n M e p T e x c T b i

o c tD n u n a / ib H O -A e / iO B o ro n H a y n H o r o c r n / i e n ) . M n r x n e -

H e o n p e f le / i e H H b ie n M H o r o 3 H a n H b ie c B03M O >xHO CTbio

6 o / ib i iJ o r o x o / in n e c T B a M H T e p n p e T a u n n [M y p 3 M H , LLlTepH

1991, c. 20]. no3TO M y na iA e B ce ro o6"bexTOM n c ro / ix o B a H n n

b repM eHeBTM H ecxon c n T y a u n n BbiCTynaeT xyflo>xecTBeHHbin

T e xcT . B re p M e H e B T M H e c x o n c n T y a u n n x y f lo > xe c T B e H H b in

T e x c T m o > x h o T p a x T O B a T b x a x « M O H O / i o r n H e c x o e

B b iC T yn n e H n e » , a ca M y x o M M y H n x a u n io x a x H eno/iHO CTbio

Bep6a/iM 30BaH H yio n H T e p a x u n io .

r io H M M a H n e x a x r e p M e H e B T n n e c x a n x a T e r o p n n

p a c c M a T p n B a e T c n b n e T b ip e x a c n e x T a x : x a x n p o u e c c -

B e f ly iu n n a c n e x T b n 3 y n e H n n noHM M aHnn; x a x c rp e M / ie H n e

n o H n T b - M O T M B a u n o H H a n cc jD epa n o H M M a H n n ; x a x

p e 3 y / ib T a T , n 3 f le c b r o B o p n T o 3 H a H n n H e r o - / i n 6 o ; x a x

c n o c o 6 H O C T b - M H A M B M A y a j i b H O - T M n n H e c x a n

npeflpacnono>xeH HO CTb x noHMMaHnio [B o rn H 1982, c. 6 ] .

r io H M M a H n e u e / i o r o n p o n 3 B e f le H n n B b iC T yn a e T x a x

pe3y /ibTaT A n a / ie x T n n e c x o ro eflMHCTBa noHMMaHnn n acT en n

n o H M M a H n n u e / i o r o . O a h m m m 3 B e f l y i A n x n p a B n / i

o cy iA ecT B /ieH nn repM eHeBTM H ecxon f le n T e / ib H O c rn nB /ineT cn

n p a B M /io re p M e H e B T M n e c x o ro x p y r a , x o T o p o e r / iacM T , h t o

noHeTb ue/ioe b o 3 m o>k h o To/ibxo npn onope Ha noHnMaHne Hacren, KOTopbie b cbokd onepeflb noHHMaxrrce Ha ocHOBe ue/ioro. TaxnM o6pa30M, npouecc noHHMaHne nocToeHHO nepexoflnT o t ue/ioro x Hacrn n o6paTHO x ue/iOMy. 3aflana HnTaTene cocTonT b t o m , h t o 6 w xoHueHTpnHecxnMn xpyraMn paciunpeTb eflHHCTBO noHeToro CMbic/ia. CooTBeTCTBne Bcex HacTHOCTen ue/iOMy cyTb xpnTepnn npaBn/ibHOCTn noHnMaHne. OTcyTCTBne Taxoro noHHMaHne 03HanaeT ero HeBepHOCTb [BornH 1 9 8 2 , c. 36].

flexoflnpoBaHne coo6iueHne, coflepâiuero b ce6e noHnMaHne flpyrnM ne/iOBexoM HexoTopon pea/ibHon cnTyaunn, b repMeHeBTnnecxon fleeTe/ibHOcrn a o / i> x h o

CBe3biBaTbce c noncxoM npnnnH t o t o n/in nHoro BneHaT/ieHne o t TexcTa - npneTHoro, HenpneTHoro, c/io>xHoro, 3HanHMoro OTcyTCTBne TaxoBoro. BbmcHeHne npnnnH c/iy>xnT MOTnBOM flexoflnpyKDiuen TexcTOBon AeeTenbHOCTn, h t o BeêT x oco3HaHnx) cymecTBOBaHne npaBH/i noHMMaHMH, HHTaTe/ibcxoro onbiTa n ero po/11/1 xax cocTaBnex)iuen xoMMyHnxaTnBHon xoM neTeHunn, oco6eHHOCTen TexcTOB HaunoHa/ibHon xy/ibTypbi n fla/iee x oco3HaHnx) Toro cjDaxTa, h t o n caM nnTaTe/ib nMeeT 3 t o t

acnexT - CBoe Bon/ioiueHne b TexcTe - acnexT TexcTOBon nnHHOCTn.

f le x o f ln p y x ) iu a e TexcTOBae fleeTe/ibHO CTb npeflno/iaraeT co3HaTe/ibHoe ynpaB/ieHne npoueccoM noHnMaHne, oco3HdHHyto aKTHBHOCTb npn Bbino/iHeHnn onepaunn pexoHcrpynpoBaHne HHcjDopMaunn TexcTa, t . e. OHa npoTHBonocraB/ieHa «npoeB/ieeMbiM BOBHe o6pa3uaM n crepeoTnnaM flencTBnn, ycBoeHHbiM /in6o Ha ocHOBe onbiTa co6cTBeHHon fleeTe/ibHOcrn (oco3HaHHbie HaBbixn), /in6o b

pe3y/ibTaTe noflpa>xaHne o6iuen3BecTHbiM n/in ny>xnM o6pa3uaM n CTepeoTnnaM flencTBnn (Heoco3HaHHbie n/in Ma/iooco3HaHHbie HaBbixn)» [flpnfl3e 1 9 8 0 , c. 2 5 ] . 3 t o

03HaHaeT, hto c|)MJiojiorMHecKan pa6oTa c TexcroM ao/i>KHa xapaKTepn30BaTbcn aeaBTOMaTM3auMeki Mbic/iMTe/ibHbix npoueccoB, npkiBoanTb k aMc|Dc|DepeHUMauMM m bckpmtmk)CjDaKTOpOB, H e0C03 H a H H 0 06yC/10 B/lMBaK)LaMX XOA MHTepnpeTaukiM, TeM caMbiM ae/ian ee MexaHMnecxoki ki Ma/lOUeHHOki C TOHKM 3peHMn HOBM3Hbl.

npouecc noHMMaHMn 03HanaeT aBM>xeHMe noHMMaHMn OT MCXOflHOM CMTyaUMM K KOHeHHOM. MCXOflHa9\ CMTyauMnco3aaeTcn motmbom, ue/ibK) MCTO/iKOBaHMn, Bbi6opoM crpaTerMM noHMMaHMn, a Taioxe cpeacTB repMeHeBTMHecxoki aenTe/ibHOCTM MCTO/iKOBaTe/in. r/iy6MHa m HopMaTMBHOCTb (npaBM/ibHOCTb) noHMMaHMn TexcTa 3abmcmt m o t ccjDopMMpoBaHHoe™ repMeHeBTMHecxoki no3MUMM m creneHM oco3HaHHOCTM BHyTpeHHeki ycTaHOBKM Ha Bbino/iHeHMe repMeHeBTMHecxoki 3aaanM.

Motmb - oco3HaHMe repMeHeBTMHecxoki 3aaanM, KOTopan onpeae/ineTcn xax «BCTynMTb B-6eceay-c TexcTOM», xax crpeM/ieHMe «noH5rrb caMO ae/io» [TaaaMep 1988, c. 124]. npM c[}M/io/iorMHecKOM noaxoae aaexBaTHbiM motmbom nB/ineTcn motmb KBa/iMcjDMUMpoBaHHO, t . e. onepMpyn m ane/i/iMpyn k Texcry, ero pa3/iMHHbiM acnexTaM, BbmecTM ero CMblCJl M npMJ10>KMTb 3TOT CMblC/1 K KOHKpeTHOM CMTyaUMM, B KOTOPOM HaXOflMTCn MCTOJIKOBaTe/lb. Ue/lb - flOCTMHb onpeae/ieHHoro ypoBHn noHMMaHMn, ccjDopMMpoBaTb repMeHeBTMHecxyx) onbiTHOCTb, yMe/iocrb b o6paiueHMM c TeKCTOM, M, C/ieflOBaTe/lbHO, pa3BMTb CBOX) Cn0C06H0CTb k aaanTauMM b caMbix pa3HOo6pa3Hbix xoMMyHMxaTMBHbix CMTyauMnx.

Cnoco6 aekicTBMn b MHTepnpeTaTMBHOM pa6oTe c TexcTOM ocyiuecTB/ineTcn b BMae nocTaHOBKM BonpocoB m nepe6opa BeponTHOcmbix otbctob, peweHMki m Bbi6op M3 hmx HaM6o/iee aaexBaTHoro: «Bonpoc pewaeTcn b CMny

t o t o , h t o o c H O B a H n n b n o / ib 3 y o a h o h b o 3 m o >k h o c t h

n p e o 6 / ia f la x r r H a fl ocHOBam/mMn b n o /ib 3 y f lp y r o n , no/iH b iM

3 H a h n e m 3 t o H e n B / i n e T c n n m l u b n o c / i e p a 3 6 o p a

K O H T p a p r y M e H T O B , n m l u b n o c / i e t o t o , x a x Mbi

y flo cT O B e p n /in cb b n x H e c o c ro n T e /ib H O c rn - / in m b T o r f la Mbi

AencTBnTe/ibH O 3HaeM caMO f le / io » [T a fla M e p 1 9 8 8 , c. 1 5 6 ].

CpeflCTBaM n nB /m x)T cn n3b ixo B b ie 3H a xn . « 3 H a x - 3t o

xB a 3 n o 6 "b exT (M a T e p n a /in 3 0 B a H H a n «c|D nrypa c o 3 H a H n n » ),

x o T o p b in , B b iC Tynan b x a n e c T B e 3 a M e c rn T e / in p e a / ib H o ro

o O t e x T a , t . e . n p e f lc r a B / in n ( p e n p e 3 e H T n p y n ) f l p y r o n

o6"bexT, 3 a fla e T nporpaMMy MenrenbHOCTM n n o B e fle H n n e ro

n c T O / i x o B a T e / i x ) » [ f l p n f l 3 e 1 9 8 0 , c . 4 4 ] . 3 H a x a M n b

re p M e H e B T n n e cxo n fle n T e /ib H O c rn BbiCTynax)T x a x c/iO Ba, T ax

n n p e f l/ io w e H n n , CBepxc|)pa30Bbie eflHHCTBa, 3HaxoM MOweT

c / i y w n T b c [)o p M a T e x c T a ( e r o c r n / ie B a n n w a H p o B a n

n p n H a f l / i e w H O C T b ) , p a 3 / i n n H b i e 3 / i e M e H T b i T e x c T a

(annrpacjDbi, u n T a ™ , e ro rp a c ^ n n e c x o e n p e f lc ra B /ie H n e ) .

P a 6 o T a n o n h T e p n p e T a u n n T e x c T a n / i n

re p M e H e B T n n e c x n n n p o u e c c c o f le p w n T n e T b ip e o c h o b h n x

3Tana.

nepBb/M a ran co o T B e T C T B ye T « n p e f lB a p n T e / ib H O M y

H a 6 p o c x y » [ T a f l a M e p 1 9 8 8 , c . 3 1 8 ] , B x o f l y b T e x c T

c o o 6 i u e H n n . r e p M e H e B T n n e c x n n x o h t c x c t 3 a f l a e T

n p e f l n o H n M a H n e , C M b i c / i O B o e n p e f l B O C x n i u e H n e ,

a H T n u n n a u n x ) , p e a / i n 3 y e M b i e n e p e 3 c o B O x y n H O C T b

y c T a H O B O x n c T O / i x o B a T e / m . H a n n H a e T c n C 0 3 f l a H n e

re p M e H e B T n n e c x o ro x p y ra c n p e flB a p n T e /ib H o ro H a 6 p o c x a :

« t o t , x t o x o n e T n o H n T b T e xcT nocTonH H O o c y m e c T B /m e T

H a 6 p a c b iB a H n e C M b ic /ia x a x T o / ib x o b T e x c T e H a n n H a e T

n poncH nT bcn xaxon -T O c m n c / i , o h f le / ia e T n p e flB a p n T e /ib H b in

H a 6 p o c o x B ce ro TexcTa b ue/iO M » [TaM w e ] .

3flecb Mbi B03BpamaeMcn k npo6/ieMe cyinecTBOBaHi/m Mano- n Heoco3HaHHbix yCTah o b o k , KOTopbie npeAonpeAe/iniOT Bbi6op peweHnn b repMeHeBTMHecxon npo6/ieMHon cnTyaunn. YcraHOBxa, ncaieflOBaHHan fl.H. Y3Hafl3e, ecTb «Hen3MeHHan "npoMe>xyTOHHan nepeMeHHan" Me>Kfly CTnMynoM n peaxunen - npeflCTaB/ineT co6on cneunc|DnHecxoe ue/iocmoe OTpa>xeHne o6"bexTa b cy6"bexTe npn B03flencTBnn nepBoro Ha BTopoe» ( U h t . no [rax 1973, c. 3 7 0 ]). En CBoncTBeHHbi xpoHnnecxoe AencTBne, 6ecco3HaTe/ibHOCTb: «ocraBancb BHe cc|Depbi co3HaHnn, ycTaHOBxa pewaiOLAnM o6pa30M B/inneT Ha coflep>xaHne n x o a ocyiuecTBneHnn co3HaHnn» [TaM >xe]; xoHCTaHTHOCTb, cra6n/ibHOCTb, reHepa/in3aunn: «OHa pacnpocrpaHneTcn Ha pa3Hbie o6"bexTbi» [TaM >xe]. Bee nepennc/ieHHbie CBoncrBa ycTaHOBxn Be^yT (ec/in He AenaTb co3HaTe/ibHbix yennnn no nx AeaBTOMaTn3aunn) x OAHOo6pa3nio n orpaHnneHHOCTn MHTepnpeTaunn n, b xoHue x o h u o b , x o6eccMbic/inBaHnio pec|DJiexcnBHon AenTe/ibHOcrn, Tax xax OHa AO/i>xHa c/iy>xnTb no/iyHeHMX) HOBoro 3HaHnn.

flencTBne ycTaHOBxn nponB/ineTcn Ha nepBOM 3Tane repMeHeBTMHecxon pa6oTbi c t c x c t o m b t o m , h t o

nepBOHananbHO TexcT OTfle/ieH o t Hac ncTopnHecxn n/nnn couna/ibHO, n/in ny>xfl HaM: «...npeflpaccyflxn (Vorurteil) OTflenbHoro ne/iOBexa b ropa3flo 60/ibwen CTeneHn, neM ero cy>xfleHnn (U r te il) , cocTaB/in iO T ncT opnH ecxyx) AencTBMTe/ibHOCTb ero 6brrnn» [raflaMep 1988, c. 329]. K ocHOBHbiM AencTByKDLAMM ycTaHOBxaM, npeAonpeAenmoiAMMx o a n o H M M a H n n , OTHOcnTcn n c T o p n H e c x n e , c o u n a / ib H b ie ,

H a u n oH a /ibH b ie ycTaHOBxn, a Tax>xe yc ra H O B xn , B 0 3 H n x i i jn e

Ha ocHOBe MHAMBMAya/ibHoro >xn3HeHHoro onb iTa .

M c T o p n H e c x n n cjDaxTop T p e O y e T o t n c r o / i x o B a T e / in

oco3H aH nn n c T o p n H e c x o n ycTaHOBxn (c B o e n n a B T o p c x o n ) ,

o n p e A e n m o iA e n c n CTaAMen pa3BMTnn o6 iAecTBa (H a n p n M e p ,

K3KMM o6pa30M n b HeM Mbi MO>xeM ycMOTpeTb pa3H nuy

ycTaHOBOK HMTaie/iM n o crn H A ycT p n a /ib H o ro o6iAecTBa n

o6iAecTBa anoxn peH eccaH ca, n xax 3 to ym/iTbiBaTb npki

kicrouKOBaHkiki TexcTa, KOTopbin Taioxe MO>xeT 6biTb HaiukiM

«C 0B peM eH H kiK 0M », a MO>xeT npkiHaA/ie>xaTb ki A p yro ft

kicropkiHecKoft anoxe?).

C o u k ia /ibH b ift c[)aKTop T p e 6 ye T o t h cto ji xoBaTe/iM yneT a

p o / in c o u k ia / ib H o ro CTaTyca (k iH T e p n p e T a T o p a ki a B T o p a ).

Pa3Hkiua b coukia/ibHO M CTaTyce ki b t o m , x a x o ft o p e o / i e ro

oxpy>xaeT , MO>xeT Bbipa3HTbCM, H anpk iM ep , b Heoco3H3HHO

npnnncb iB aeM O ki 3H 3h h m o c t h n /ik i o6ecueHkiBaHkiki TexcTa b

3aBklCklMOCTkl OT kl3BeCTHOCTkl / Hekl3BeCTHOCTkl, BblCOKOM kl/lkl

Hki3KOki aBTopkiTeTHOCTki aB Topa.

3 T H k iH e c x a M n p n H a A /ie > K H O C T b a B T o p a T e x c T a ki

m c to jiKOBaTe/iM cocTaB/iM eT cneukic[)kiHecxki op raH H 30B aH H yx)

ycT aH O B K y n p e A n o H k iM a H k m . O c o 3 H a H n io ki y n e T y 3 A e c b

n o A /ie > x a T c[)aK Topb i H a u k iO H a /ib H b ix n e p T a B T o p c x o ro ki

H k iT aT eubcxo ro M npoB033peH km .

H a xo H e u , kiCTO/iKOBaTe/ib o 6 /ia A a e T onpeA e/ieHH biM

TkinoM co3H3HkiM, KOTopbift a o o n p e A e /ie H H o n creneH ki

o 6 y c u o B / i k i B a e T H a n p a B / i e H k i e , c o r / i a c H O K O T o p o M y

c|)opMkipyeTCM >xn3HeHHbm onbiT; Tkin C03H3hhm cbm 33h c

n p o u e c c o M nHAM Bk iAyaunn j i u h h o c t h . Tkin C 0 3 H 3 h h m

pea/iki3yeTCM H epe3 ycTaHOBKy b BOcnpnMTnn TexcTa, a

Tax>xe b TexcTe b aB Topcxon ycraH O B K e. BbiAe/iMiOTCM

H e T b ip e Tkina M biiu/ieH kiM ki C03H a h h m : J i o r n H e c K n n ,

3MOUkiOHaubHbiki, ceHCopHbin ki nHTynTHBHbiki. nepBbie ABa

OTHOCMTCM K paUklOHa/lbHOMy Tkiny C03H3HHM kl MblLU/ieHklM,

BTopbie ABa k kippaukiO H a/ibHO M y. K a x p a 6 o T a e T 3 t o t

M e x a H k i 3 M ? H e / i O B e x r e H e T k m e c K n y c T a H O B / i e H Ha

o n p e A e / i e H H b i e a c n e x T b i b B O c n p n M T n n ckiTyaukiki

AeftcTBkiTe/ibH O C Tki. J l o r n H e c x n n Tkin ycTaHOB/ ieH Ha

B o e n p n n T n e M a i e p n a / i b H b i x o 6 "b e K T O B , a T a x > x e Ha

B b i f l e / i e H n e n n o c T p o e H n e c n c T e M M a T e p n a / ib H b ix n

n f le a / ib H b ix o6"beKTOB; 3 M O unoH a /ibH b in T u n yc ra H O B /ie H b

Bo e n p n n T n n Ha a H e p r e T H H e c x n n n / ia H o 6 "b e K T a , Ha

3 H e p re T H H e c K n e O T H O iu e H n n , n p o n B /m e M b ie b 3 M O u n n x ,

n y B C T B a x n O T H O iu e H n n x n p n T n > x e H H H , O T T a / iK H B a H n n ,

j ik ) 6 b h , H e H a B H C T H , r H e B a , C T p a x a , A o c a f l b i n t . a .

C e H C o p H b i n T u n y c T a H O B / i e H H a B o e n p n n T n e

n p o c T p a H C T B e H H o ro n / ia H a c n T y a u n n , H H T y n T H B H b in -

B p e M e H H o r o . A A e x B a T H o e A e n c T B O B a H n e c T e x c T O M

n p e A n o n a r a e T c o B n a A e H n e a p x e T n n n n e c K H x yc ra H O B O K

aBTopa TexcTa n n H T ep n p e T aT o p a .

T a xn M o 6 p a 3 0 M , pe3y/ibTaTOM CTaAnn npeA noH H M aH nn

nB /m eTcn KOM n/iexc B o n p o co B , C T om unx nepeA HHTaTe/ieM, a o co 3 H a H n e xax<Aon n3 ycraHOBOK o n p e A e /m e T B03M0>KHyK)

j ih h h k ) n H T e p n p e T a u n n .

B r o p o M a r a n n p c rre x a e T x a x n c ro / iK O B a H n e , b c[)opMe

OTBeTOB Ha B o n p o cb i, h t o OTpa>xaeT j io rn H e c x y x ) C T pyxTypy

re p M e H e B T n n e cK o ro n p o u e c c a : «3H aH ne MO>xeT 6biTb / ln iu b y

T o ro , y x o r o ecTb B o n p o c b i» [TaA aM ep 1988, c. 429].

H a r p e r b e M 3 T a n e n n T a T e / ib , o 6 o 6 i u a n O T B e T b i,

n o / i y n e H H b i e Ha n p e A b i A y m e M 3 T a n e , o n p e A e / i n e T

p e 3 y / ib T a ™ ncTO/iKOBaHnn. n p n c [)n / io / io rn H e cK o n p a 6 o T e c T e xcT O M p e 3 y / ib T a T b i n c r o / iK O B a H n n n p e A C T a B /m x )T c n

B e p 6 a / in 3 0 B a H H 0 , M o ry T n M eT b c |)opM y a H a / in T n n e c K o r o

OTneTa, p e u e H 3 n n , p e A a x T o p c x o ro OT3biBa, n p e A n c / iO B n n k

n 3 A a H n x ) , t . e. b T e x > x a H p o B b ix c jD o p M a x , K O T o p b ie

n p e A n o / ia r a x ) T o t k / w k , OTBeT Ha a B T o p c x o e n o H n M a H n e ,

o n p e A M e ne H H o e b TexcTe.

H a v e T B e p r o M 3 T a n e o c y i u e c T B / m e T c n M O M e H T

a n n / in x a u n n , n / in n p n M e H e H n n pe3y /ibTaT O B , n H T e rp a u n n

n o / iy n e H H o n nH c[)opM aunn b HHTaTe/ibCKnn onbiT .

B b if le / in K D T c n c / ie f ly iO L u n e t m /ib i noH M M aH M u: « 1 )

ce M a H T H 3 n p yK )L u e e n o H H M a H n e , t . e. „ A e x o A n p o B a H n e "

e f lk iH n u T e x c T a , B b ic rynaK D Lunx b 3 H a x o B o n cjDyHKunn; 2) K o m n T n B H o e noH H M aH ne, t . e. o cB o e H n e co A e p w a T e /ib H O crn

n o 3 H a B a T e /ib H o n H Hc|)opM auHH, f la m - io n b cjDopMe T e x >xe

c a M b i x e f l k i H n u T e x c T a , c k o t o p w m h C T a / i x n B a e T c n

c e M a H T H 3 n p y K ) m e e n o H H M a H n e ; 3) C M b i c / i O B o e

(< t> e H O M e i- io / io rn H e c K o e ) n o H H M a H n e , n o c T p o e H H o e Ha

p a c n p e A M e H k i B a H n n n f l e a / i b H b i x p e a / i b H O C T e n ,

n p e 3 e H T n p ye M b ix noMUMO cpe^C TB n p n M o n HOM HHaunn, h o

o n p e f lM e H e H H b ix Bee >xe HMeHHO b c p e A C T B a x T e x c T a .

n o c / ie f lH n e BbiCTynaKDT He x a x 3H a xo B b ie o 6 p a 3 0 B a H n n , a x a x a cco u n a T b i A p y ro ro p o A a » [B o rn H 1982, c. 53].

Ka>XAOMy Tuny cooTBeTCTByx)T c b o h TexHnxn noHkiMaHnn: 1) ceMaHTH3npyK)meMy Tuny cooTBeTCTByeT TexHnxa AexoAnpoBaHnn, rAe 3Haxy npnnncbiBaeTcn onpeAe/ieHHoe 3HaHeHne; 2) xorHHTHBHOMy - TexHnxa nHTepnopn3aunn xoHTexcTa cnTyaunn (xoHTexcman A o r a A K a ) , T e x H n x a H a p a i u n B a H n n c m n c / i o b

MnxpoxoHTexcTOB n TexHnxa coeAHHeHnn axTya/in3npyeMbix 3HaHnn c ycMaTpnBaeMbiMn npn3HaxaMn OTpa>xeHHoro b

TexcTe oBtexTa; 3) CMbic/iOBOMy Tuny cooTBeTCTByeT pacnpeAMeHkiBaHne cpeACTB TexcTa, xoppe/inTHBHbix co CMbic/iaMn n HepaBHbix npn 3 t o m cpeACTBaM npnMon HOMkiHaunn, peaxTHBaunn npom/ioro onbiTa 3HaHaiAnx nepe>xnBaHnn n, HaxoHeu, nepexoH ueH Tpaunn - nepexnx)HeHne j ih h h o c t h o h ycraHOBxn, conpoBO>KAaeMoe npaxTkiHecKUM a6cTparnpoBaHneM o t Mbic/ien n nyBCTB, He OTHOcniAnxcn x coAep>xaTenbHOCTn noHHMaeMoro TexcTa (3MnaTnn) [BornH 1982, c. 63-71].

Tnno/iornn noHHMaHnn, c Apyron c t o p o h n , OTpa>xaeT CTeneHb c / i o k h o c t h npouecca nHTepnpeTaunn, n, c/ieAOBaTe/ibHO, ypoBeHb pa3BnTOCTn s b n k o b o h (TexcTOBon)

/1HHH0CTH. npOn/l/lKDCTpnpyeM OCHOBHbie MOMeHTbl Ka>KflOrO Tuna noHHMaHne Ha c/ieAyx)LAeM Texcre:

B B 0 3 fly xe , HanoeHHOM 3anaxoM B O A o p oc /ie n , paAyx<HO

n e p e n n B a / ia c b 6 a 6o n x a . O a h h / ln u jb m u t O LA ym a /1 o h

n p n x o c H O B e H n e ee x p w / ib e B x n e p e c o x iu n M r y 6aM . Ho n b i / ib u a x p b i / ib e B , o c e B i u a e Ha e r o r y 6 a x , p a fly > x H O

n e p e /w B a /ia c b eme M H oro neT c n y c re (P. A xyT a ra B a . 3 c c e ) .

1. CeMdHTi/13 1/ ip y to m e e noH M M aH ne B03H nxaeT x a x OTBeT

Ha B o n p o c : «e n o H e /i, h o h to >xe e n o H e /i? H , b H acTHO crn,

e c / in 3 f le c b o neM -TO ro B o p n T c e , t o o neM >xe?» [B o rn H

1 9 8 9 , c . 1 9 ] . n e p e f l h H T a T e / i e M p a 3 B e p T b i B a e T c e

co fle p > xa H n e , h o n o x a e m e He CM bic/i. Mbi noHHM aeM , h to

3cce nocB e iueH O 6 a 6 o n x e . C o flep>xaH ne TexcTa c b o a h tc a x

cneA yK D iueM y: o a h h n e /iO B e x H a x o A H /ic e B 0 3 /ie 0 3 e p a . B o a h h MOMeHT Ha e ro ry 6 b i c e /ia 6 a 6 o n x a . 3 t o npoM 3B e/io Ha

H e ro one H b c n /ib H o e B n e n a T /ie H n e , T a x x a x o h noM HH/i 3 to

m h o t o neT. n p n ceMaHTn3npyx)LneM noHnMaHnn npon3B O flnT ce p e c [}/iexcn e HaA onbiTOM naM eTH, n 3 fle c b Mbi

MO>xeM B c n o M h n T b / i i o 6 b ie 3 n n 3 0 f l b i , C B e 3 a H H b i e c

6 a 6 o H x a M n : x a x n x / i o b m / i m b A e T C T B e , x a p T n H x n c

6 a 6 o H x a M n n t . a . M bi MO>xeM n o n b iT a T b c e B cn o M H n T b ,

n p o n 3 B O A n /io / in Ha H ac n p n x o c H O B e H n e 6 a 6 o n x n T a x o e

B n e n a T /ie H n e , n B O o 6 iA e , n o p e c jD /ie x c n p o B a T b HaA TeM ,

x a x o e y Hac OTHOiueHne x 6 a 6 o n x e .

KorH H TH BH oe noH M M aH ne HanHHaeTce c B o n p o ca o to m ,

h to Bbipa>xaeT AdH H oe coA ep>xaH ne: « n e M y c/iy>xaT Bee 3Tn

c y 6 c T n T y e H T b i n o c p a B H e H n i o c B b i T e c H e H h b i m n n M n

cpeA C T B aM H B b ip a > x e H n e n n 3 o 6 p a > x e H n e ? » [ T a M > xe ].

n o c x o / ib x y n p n xo rH nT nB H O M n o H n M a H n n n p o M 3BOAHTce

pec|D /iexcne HaA onbiTOM 3H a H n e , t o B 0 3 H n xa e T B o n p o c o

t o m , 3 H a H n e n 3 x a x o n 0 6 / i a c T n Mb i A O / i > x H b i

a x T y a / i n 3 n p o B a T b , h t o 6 h n o H e T b c m h c / i T e x c T a ?

M c n 0 J lb 3 0 B a H H e a B T o p o M >KaHpO BO ki (J) o p M bl (3 C C e )

o n p e a e / in e T n p n H u n n b i OT6 o p a n3biKOBbix cpeacTB , T a x x a x

CTM/iMCTMHecxan n >xaHpoBan cn c re M b i n p e a c T a B / in x r r c o 6 o n

K O H B e H U M O H a /ib H b ie , B b ip a 6 o T a H H b ie n 3 a x p e n / ie H H b ie

/ lM T e p a T y p H O M T p a a M u n e n cjDopMbi T e x c T O B . n o a T O M y

H e o 6 x o a n M O n p n B / i e n e H n e 3 H a H n n n 3 0 6 / i a c T n

/ l M T e p a T y p o B e a e H k i n n c t h / i h c t h k h . > K a H p a c c e

n p e a n o / ia r a e T TO>xaecTBO a B T o p a c y 6 "beKTy T e x c T a , h t o

n o 3 B O / in e T O T H e c rn b t o t >xaH p k n y 6 / in u n c T H H e c K O M y

CTM/ix). C a p y r o n CTopoHbi, acce n p e a n o / ia ra e T Bbipa>xeHne

/ i M H H b i x B n e n a T / i e H M k i , M b i c / i e n , h y b c t b , t . e. x y a o > x e c T B e H H O C T b b n x n e p e a a n e T a x > x e n B / in e T c n

> x a H p o o 6 p a 3 y x )L a M M n p n 3 H a x o M . n p k i H a 6 / i x ) a e H n n Haa cjDopMOki TexcTa B03Hkixax)T c/ieayKDiak ie B o n p o c b i: n o n e M y

a c c e n m u e T c n He o t n e p B o r o z ik iua? HeM O T /in n a e T c n o t

k i36paHHbix cpeacTB Bbipa>xeHkm, H a n p n M e p , T a x o e H a n a / io :

« 5 \ C T o n / i H a 6 e p e r y 0 3 e p a . B B 0 3 a y x e n a x / i o

B o a o p o c / i n M k i . . . » ? O n e B k i a H O , h t o u e H T p a / i b H b i m

« B n e H a T / in x )L a k iM » o 6 "beKTOM n B / in e T c n 6 a 6 o H x a , o 6 p a 3

k o to p o m npe a cT a B /ie H n e p e 3 Taxkie n3b ixoB b ie cp eacT B a , x a x

« n b i / i b u a K p b i / i b e B » , « p a a y > K H O n e p e / i n B a / i a c b » .

> K a H p o o 6 p a 3 y x ) L u e e a c c e k iC T k iH e c x o e O TH O iueH k ie « n -

B n e n a T / ie H k ie , M b ic / ib , n y B C T B O » 3 a e c b n e p a p x n H H O ,

ki3/io>xeHkie o t T p e T b e ro zikiua C03aaeT c / ih w k o m 6 o / ib w y x ) ,

Ha H aw B3r/ina, a n n >xaHpa acce a n c ra H u n x ) Me>xay aBTopoM

ki o 6 "beKTOM B n e n a T / ie H k in , TeM caM b iM o 6 p a 3 6 a 6 oHKki

aoMkiHkipyeT, ki aa>xe a o B / ie e T Haa aBTopoM . T e x c T y b ue/iOM

CBOMCTBeHHa H e x a p a x T e p H a n a n n a c c e O TcrpaH eH H O C T b

a B T o p a o t T o ro , o HeM o h n k iw e T . noa T O M y u e / i o c m o c r b

o 6 p a 3 a ckiTyaukik i n o a B o a k iT Hac k 6 o / ie e BHkiMaTe/ibHOMy

k ic c / ie a o B a H k ix ) c p e a c T B , n p e a c T a B / in K D iu n x a B T o p a . E ro

o 6 p a 3 co 3 a a e T cn c/ieayx)LUHMn cpeacTBaM ki: « o h » - « o h c

n epecoxw k iM k i r y 6 a M n» - « o h c paay>KHbiMn r y 6 aMn M Horo

j i e T » . K o n - m T H B H o e n o H M M a H M e x a p a x T e p n 3 y e T c n

K O H K p e T H O C T b K ), n o a T O M y Mbi M O w e M 3 a f la T b c e 6 e ,

H a n p n M e p , T a x o n B o n p o c : x a x b B 0 3 f lyxe , naxH ym eM (aB Top

B b i6 n p a e T c / i o b o « H a n o e H H b in » ) B O f lo p o c /m M n , M o ry T

n e p e co xH yT b ry 6 b i?

n o n c x o t b e t o b B b i B O f l n T H a c b 0 6 / i a c T b

M n c [)o / io rn H e c x o n c n M B O / in x n , n Mbi n o H n M a e M , h t o , n o

x p a n H e n M e p e T p n T e x c T O B b ix c p e f lC T B a H e cy T n oM nM O

n p n M o r o 3 H a n e H n n c x p b iT b in C M bic /i: 6 a 6 o n x a 0 3 H a n a e T

h t o - t o e i f l e , n e p e c o x m n e r y 6 bi He 0 3 H a n a x ) T n p o c T O

c [)n 3 n o n o rn H e c x y io w a w f ly , p a f ly w H a n n b i/ ib u a xp b i/ ib e B He

MOweT c o x p a H n T b c n b T e n e H n e M H o rn x n e T , noaTOM y OHa

T a x w e c n M B o n n n e c x n n p e f lc ra B /m e T h t o - t o . B MncjDonornn

o 6 p a 3 6 a 6 o n x n CBn3biBa/icn c n p o u e c c a M n TpaHcejDopMaunn,

c nepexo flO M n3 o f lH o n c|)opMbi b f lp y r y x ) , n , TaxnM o 6 p a 3 0M ,

c o CMepTbX), n e p e B o n / io i f le H n e M f ly m n . T o n g a c m n c / i acce

3 a x / i x ) H e H b w a w g e n e / i O B e x a , e r o w e / i a H n n

n epeB on /iO T n T b cn , n p e o g o / ie T b orpaHnneHHOCTb c|DopMbi? Ho T a x a n n H T e p n p e T a u n n n p o T n B o p e n n T CM bic /iy n o c / ie g H e ro

n p e g / io w e H n n . C /iegyx )Luan / in H n n : e c /w 6 a 6 o n x a - f ly m a ,

t o Hbn? E c /in aB T opa , t o n o n e M y o h c o n p n x a c a e T c n c Hen

x a x c o 6 "bexTOM B H eu iH ero M npa? I/I T o / ib x o n p n TO /ixoB aH nn

6 a 6 o n x n x a x o 6 p a 3 H o r o B o n / i o i u e H n n H b e n -T O g y u j n

B 0 3 H n x a e T u e / i o c m o c r b n H T e p n p e T a u n n , 0 3 H a n a x )L u e n

H enpoTnB opennB O C Tb CMbic/ia n a cT e n n u e / io r o . 1/lTax, Mbi

Bbi6 n p a e M T a x o e T O /ix o B a H n e : a B T o p B o n / iO T n /i b o 6 p a 3 e

6 a 6 o n x n HbX)-TO f l y w y - M H o ro u B e T H y x ) ( p a g y w H y x ) ) ,

n e r x y x ) , x p b i / i a T y x ) . f l y m a 3Ta H e g o c r y n H a n n o T O M y

n p n o 6 p e T a e T n e p T b i 6 o>xecTBa; c o n p n x o c H O B e H n n c Hen

a B T o p w a w g e T , o h n o M H n T e r o m h o t o n e T . n b i / i b u a -

6 o > xe cT B e H H b in c / i e g - o c r a e T c n b n a M n T n a B T o p a , h o

yTO /in / ia / in aTa B c rp e n a e r o w a w g y ?

3. Cmb i c n o B o e n o H M M B H M e x a p a x T e p n 3 y e T c n

n p o u e c c y a / ib H O C T b K ) o 6 p a 3 a , o h o p y x o B O A C T B y e T c n

B o n p o c o M : « n n o H n / i , n o n e M y B b i6 p a H a h m c h h o T eM a

c y O c rn T y u n n , h o xaxnM o6pa30M b ee p a M xa x pa3BHBax)Tcn

(HapaiAkiBaKDTcn n p a c rn rn B a iO T c n ) C M bic/ib i?» [B o rn H 1989, c. 20 ]. npn c m b i c / i O B O M n o H n M a H n n n p o n 3 B O A H T c n

pec[D /ieK cnn HaA onb iTO M 3 H a H a m n x n e p e x < n B a H n n . M bi

o n p e f le / in / in , h t o T e M on a cce n B /m e T c n O a O o n xa , Bb iO op

n 3 b iK O B b ix c p e flC T B n n o c T p o e H n e T e x c T a 3 a c r a B /m e T

c o c p e A O T o n n T b B H n M a H n e n n T a T e /m n M e H H O Ha 3 to m

o 6 p a 3 e - c n m B O / i e , a u e H T p a / i b H b i m m o m c h t o m b

A nH aM nnecxoM o 6 p a 3 e c n T y a u n n nB /m eT cn M nr BCTpenn ry 6

n e /iO B exa c x p b i/ib n M n O aO onxn. E c /in npnM eH nT b T e x H n x y

n e p e x o H u e H T p a u n n (n o n b rra T b c n nocTaB nTb ce 6 n Ha MecTO

a B T o p a ), t o o6Hapy>KHBaeT ce 6 n 3aBncnMOCTb nepe>xnB aH nn

o t x y /ib T yp H o n cpeA b i n ee M H o ro n n c /ie H H b ix (p e /in rn o 3 H b ix ,

H a u n o H a /ib H b ix , c o u n a /ib H b ix , n c T o p n n e c x n x ) c[)aKTopoB. 3 t h

c[)aKTopbi o n p e A e /m iO T n 3HannMOCTb s th x nepe>xnB aH nn , a T a x > x e n p a B n / i b H O C T b , c o u n a / i b H y x ) H o p M a T n B H O C T b

n p o u e c c a n e p e > x n B a H n n . CoeAM HM B T e M y c a T H n n e c x o n

npnHaA/ie>KHOCTbio aB T opa a cce , Mbi o6H apy>xnB aeM CBn3b

e r o C M b ic / ia c M n p o B 0 3 3 p e H n e M , x a p a x T e p H b i M R n n

n n o H C x o r o 6 y A A H 3 M a , n T a x n M o 6 p a 3 0 M n p n x o A H M k

c/ieAyK D iueM y TO/iKOBaHMio: b n n oH C xo n x y /ib T y p e O biTne b

n p n p o A e H eoT A e /w M O o t O biTnn n e /iO B e xa n n n T a e T e ro .

O A H a x o n a p a A O x c a /ib H O C T b H e /iO B e n e c K o ro O b iT n n ( n o

A 3eH -6yAA H 3M y) 3axnx)H aeT cn b to m , h t o o h b t o >xe BpeMn

BbiAe/ieH n3 n p n p o A b i TeM, h to oO peneH Ha H a xo n /ie H n e n

o c o 3 H a H n e C B o e ro o n b iT a . B CBn3n c 3 th m M OM eHTbi, b

KO Topbie BO C C TaH aB/inBaeTcn M 3 H a na /ib H a n ue /iocTH O C T b,

n B /m iO T cn npopb iB O M b n o A /in H H o e O b iT ne , 3 th MOMeHTbi

n n T a iO T H e / iO B e n e c K n n A y x . 1/lTax, 6 a 6 o n x a - c m m b o /i

n n c T o r o n c b o O o a h o t o O b iT n n , a T a x > x e 3 t o c h m b o / i

n f le a / ib H o r o c o c r o n i- m n , B x o > x fle H H e n n p e 6 b i B a H n e b

k o t o p o m n B /in e T c n f l / in aB T opa n o f l/ in H H o n H e /iO B e n e cxo n

uenbK).

n o c T o n H H a n re p M e H e B T n n e c x a n n p a x T n x a B e fle T x

c [ } o p M M p o B a H n x ) r e p M e H e B T M H e c x o n n o 3 n u n n n

re p M e H e B T k iH e c x o ro o n b iT a . n o 3 n u n n n o O T H O ineH nx) x

c a M O M y n p o u e c c y n o H M M a H n n H a 3 b i B a e T c n

n c c /ie flO B a T e /ib cxo n n o 3 n u n e n , OHa - n o 3 n u n n B H ew H nn, T ax

x a x B b i n c H n e T , h t o T a x o e n o H U M a H n e . B C B n 3 n c n c c /ie flO B a T e /ib cxo n n o 3 n u n e n Ba>xHbi c /ie flyK D iune B o n p o cb i:

H a / i n n n e p a 3 H b i x C T p a T e r n n n o H M M a H n n b p a 3 H b i x

re p M e H e B T n n e c x n x c n T y a u n n x n B b iT e x a x ) iu a n M3 3 t m x

p a 3 / i n H n n T n n o / i o r n n n o H M M a H n n ; B c e c T o p o H H O C T b

noH M M aH nn n B b iT e x a x )iu a n OTCX)fla 3 a f la n a n p e flc ra B M T b

p a 3 H b ie rp a H k i n o H M M a e M o r o ; H a / in n n e p a 3 H b ix T e x m /ix

(M eT O flnx) noHM M aHnn, B b i6op xo T o p b ix 3aB ncnT o t to m mjim

m h o m rp aH H coflep>xaTenbH O C TM T e x c T a ; x a p a x T e p n c r n x n

p e c jD J ie xcn n x a x o c h o b n n o H M M a H n n ; x a p a x T e p n c T M x n

n p o u e c c a noHM MaHnn [B o rn H 1982, c. 49].

B T o p o n a c n e x T r e p M e H e B T M H e c x o n n o 3 n u n n -

n p a x T n n e c x n n n / in B H y T p e H H n n : « B H yT p e H H n n n o 3 n u n n

B a p b n p y e T c n b 3 a B n c n M O C T n o t c n T y a u n n n u e / i n

A enTe/ibH O C Tn, B apnaH T b i B b ic ry n a x r r x a x 6 o n e e nacT H b ie

n o 3 n u n n . n p n y c T a H O B x e Ha b n x o a x 3 H a H n n M n e p e 3

noHM M aHne mo>xho ro B o p n T b o n o 3 H a B a T e /ib H on n o 3 n u n n ,

n p n n o H M M a H n n p a f l n H a x o > x f l e H n n p e w e H n n - 0 6

3B p n cT M H e cxo n , n p n ycTaH O B xe Ha O T fle n e H n e h c th h h o to

noHMMaHnn o t no>xH oro - 06 o p n e H T a u n o H H o n n t . a .» [TaM

>xe, c. 51].

H H a x o H e u , n o 3 n u n n repM eH eB T a A eT epM M H npoB aH a

e r o BHyTpeHHHM p e a /ib H b iM re p M e H e B T n n e c x n M onb iTO M .

B b if le / in x r rc n T p n e r o c[)opM bi, xa xca a n M3 h h x B x n x )u a e T

n p e flb if ly m y K ) m c o o th o c m tc m c TkinoM n o m /iM a m /m , c o a h o m

C T O p O H b l, C A p y r o f t - C y p o B H e M P 33B M T M M M 3blKOBOM

(TeKCTOBOM) /IMMHOCTM. llep B b lM O nbIT 0 6 lAeHMM C TeXCTOM

p a c cM aT p M B aeT e r o x a x cpeA C TB o: noHM B, h t o tm iim h h o Rnn T e x c T a , t o t , x t o M H T e p n p e T M p y e T , n o / iy n a e T A O C T y n x

M aHM ny/lM pO B3HM K) 3H3HeHMMMM M3blXOBblX 3H3XOB C U e /lb X )

C03A3HMM M HAM BM Aya/ibHoft M H TepnpeTauM M . 3 t o nepBaM

c ry n e H b o n b iT a . B TopaM c|)opM a o n b iT a yH M T b m aeT , h to T e x c T

C 03A aH /IMHHOCTbK), HO OH OCTaeTCM O n p eA e /ieH H O M (J)OpMOM

C O O T H e C e H H O C T M C « M » , M H T e p n p e T a T O p U e H T p O M M

MCTOHHMXOM M H T e p n p e T a u M M C H M T aeT c e 6 M. « 3 t o t O n b IT

C BM A eTe/lbCTByeT 0 6 OTHOLUeHMM M epapXM M - M CTO/lXOBaTe/lb

r o c n o A C T B y e T H a A T e x c T O M , T a x x a x n y T e M p e c |)/ie x c M M

BblBOAMT Ce6 M M3 AByCTOpOHHOCTM O T H O LU eH M M ...pa3pyiU aeT

MCTMHHbiM CMbic/i 3 T o ro np eA aH M M » [T a A a M e p 1 9 8 8 , c . 4 2 4 ] .

Tp eT M M , BbiCLUMM tm ii re p M e H e B T M H e c x o ro o n b iT a 0 3 H a n a e T ,

HTO M H T e p n p e T a T O p B OTHOLUeHMM « T eX C T -M C T O /lX O B a T e /lb »

nOAHMHMeTCM T eX C T y , OH n 0 3 B 0 /lM e T T eX C T y « rO B O p M T b » c

C0 6 o ft, TeXCT MB/lMeTCM UeHTpOM XOMMyHMXaUMM.

BblBO flb l

1 . n o H M M a H M e T e x c T a x a x o c o 6 a M , c n o M o m bX)

c [)M /io /io rM H e c x M x 3H3HM M o p ra H M 3 0 B 3 H H 3 M p ec |)/iexcM B H aM

A e M T e /ib H O C T b H a n p a B / ie H a H a M 3 B /ie n e H M e C M b ic /ia m 3

x y A O > x e c T B e H H o r o n p o M 3 B e A O H m m , H a M C C /ie A O B a H M e

B apnaH TO B e r o M H T ep n p eT au M M . C aM O noH M M aH M e m b / im c t c m

(J)opM O M C M C T eM O M bic /ieA eM Te/ibH O C T M c y 6 "b e x T a m MO>xeT

o 6 o 3 H a n a T b n p o u e c c , roTOBHOCTb x noHM M aHM X), p e 3 y /ib T a T

noHM M aH M M m c n o c o 6 H O C T b x a x n p e A p a c n o /io > x e H H O C T b x

A aH H O M y BMAy AOMTe/lbHOCTM.

2 . H e BCMXaM XO M M yHM XaTM BH3M CMTyauM M MB/lMeTCM

r e p M e H e B T M H e c x o M . H e n o H M M a H M e , o n e B M A H O C T b A B y - ,

MHOTOCMblC/ieHHOCTM TeX C Ta CT3BMT H M TaTe/lM B n03M U M X)

re p M e H e B T a , y c n / in n K O T o p o ro H a n p a B / ie H b i Ha n o n c x n n

B b iC T p a n B a H n e B a p n a H T O B n H T e p n p e T a u n n . n o c x o / i b x y

xyflo>xecTBeHHbin T e x c r n o CBoen n p n p o ^ e MHoro3HaHeH, t o

HMeHHO o h n a m e B c e ro n o p o > K A a e T re p M e H e B T H M e c x y x )

cuTyaukiK).

3 . n o H M M a H n e - n p o u e c c H o p M a T H B H b i n , t . e .

o c y in e c T B n n e T c n Ha ocHOBe o n p e n e / ie H H b ix n p n H u n n o B n

n p a B k i / i , H a n p n M e p , c n c n o / i b 3 0 B a H n e M n p a B i / m a

repM eHeBTkiM ecKoro x p y ra . 3nnc|DeHOMeHa/ibHoe noHHM aHne

- p e 3 y / ib T a T n m o p n p o B a H n n n p o u e c c y a / ib H o n c t o p o h n

noHUMaHkin.

4 . n p o u e c c noH M M aH nn, x a x n / ix )6 a n M e/iOBeM ecxan

A e n T e / ib H O C T b , n p e n n o / i a r a e T H a / in M n e M OTHBa, u e / i n ,

c n o c o 6 o B n e n c T B n n n c p e n c T B o c y in e c T B / ie H n n . n p o u e c c

n o H M M a H n n - f le x o f lH p y K D in a n T e xcT O B a n n e n T e /ib H O C T b ,

m o t h b o m x o T o p o n B b iC T y n a e T C T p e M / ie H n e p a 3 p e w n T b

H enoH U M aH ne , u e / ib K ) - HanTM H a n 6 o / ie e « n p a B i/m b H y x )» ,

y A O B / ie T B o p n K D iu y x ) M H T e p n p e T a u n x ) , c n o c o 6 n e n c T B n n

o n p e n e / in e T c n C T p a T e r n e n , n 3 6 n p a e M o n re p M e H e B T O M ,

c p e n c T B a M n - 3 H a x n n 3 H a x o B b ie x o M n / ie x c b i p a 3 / in M H o n

A/ikiHbi n cnoxH O C Tn, B bN /ieH neM b ie b TexcTe.

5. repM eH eBTM M ecxan p a 6 o T a c TexcTOM p a c n a n a e T c n

Ha M eTbipe 3 T a n a : a H a n n 3 ycTaH O BO x (n p e f ln o H H M a H H e ) ,

n p o u e c c n c T O J iK O B a H n n , B e p 6 a / i n 3 a u n n ( c jD n x c a u n n )

p e 3 y / ib T a T O B n H T e p n p e T a u n n , H H T e rp i/ ip o B a H H e H O B o ro

3HaHnn b repM eHeBTkiM ecxnn onbiT .

6 . C y i n e c T B y K D i n n e t h n bi n o H U M a H n n

( c e M a H T H 3 n p y x ) L n e e , k o t h i/i t h B H o e , C M b i c / i O B o e n / i n

p a c n p e / i M e H M B a i O L n e e ) o 6 p a 3 y x ) T c h C T e m y

repM eH eBTkiM ecxon n p a x T n x n ; n p n BOCxo>xfleHHn o t o flH o ro

T u n a x n p y r o M y n p e f lb in y m a n C T y n e H b B c r p a n B a e T c n ,

M H T e rp npyeT cn b 6 o / ie e B b ico xyx ). B e p w n H o n n p a x T n x n n

Bbicm en c|DopMon re p M e H e B T n n e c x o ro onb iTa nB /m eTcn T a x o e

K O M M y H k i K a T k i B H o e O T H O w e H n e , T a x a n n o 3 n g n n b

x o M M y H n x a T n B H O M n p o c T p a H C T B e , n p n x o T o p o n T e x c T

3aHnM aeT n o 3 n u n x ) B T o p o ro c y 6 b e x T a b xoM M yH nxam BH O M

a x T e , n p n n e M n o 3 n u n x ) u e H T p a / ib H y x ) , r/iaBeHCTByKDigyx).

T o / i b x o T a x n M o 6 p a 3 0 M c m n c / i x y g o w e c T B e H H o r o

n p o n 3 B e g e H n n O Txpb iBaeTcn H nTaTe/ix ) b no/iHOM o 6 b e M e .

K a w g o M y T n n y n o H n M a H n n c o o T B e T C T B y e T CBon H a 6 o p

c r p a T e rn n n T e x H n x n H T e p n p e T a u n n .

O n e B n g H O , h t o p e 3 y / i b T a T b i n p o c T b

re p M e H e B T n n e c x o n g e n T e / ib H O c rn B03M0WHbi n p n yc / iO B n n

n o c T o n H H o n n p a x T n x n . n p a x T n x y H D ig n n , a x T n B H b i n

H n T aT e n b -c [)n / io no r c |)opM npyeT re p M e H e B T n n e cxyx ) n o 3 n u n x )

n o n b iT n T a xn M o 6 p a 3 0 M p a 3 B n B a e T b c e 6 e t o t a c n e x T

TexcTOBon j in H H O c rn , xo T o p b in CBn3aH c noH nM aHneM caM bix

p a 3 H O o 6 p a 3 H b i x T e x c T O B b M H o r o n n c / i e H H b i x

xoM M yH nxaTnB H bix c n T y a u n n x .

Bonpocbi n 3agaHnn

1. Kax Bbi gyMaeTe, xaxnM cnoco6oM m o w h o n3MepnTb

cnoco6HOCTb x noHnMaHnx) TexcTOB?

2. K/iaccnc[)ni4npynTe n o n n w n Te xoMMyHnxaTnBHbie

c n T y a u n n , b x oTop bix y Bac naige Bcero B 0 3 H n x a e T

npo6/ieMa HenoHnMaHnn (repMeHeBTnnecxan cnTyaunn).

3 . C o c T a B b T e CBon c o 6 c T B e H H b i n c n n c o x x y g o w e c T B e H H b i x t e x c t o b , «He n o g g a x ) i g n x c n » nHTepnpeTnpoBaHnx). KaxoBbi, no-BaweMy, npnnnHbi TpygHOCTen?

4. n p o H a 6 n x ) g a n T e , x a x n e c n e u n a / ib H b ie 3 H a H n n o

TexcTe (b to m n n c / ie n3 g a H H o ro n o c o 6 n n ) Bbi n c n o / ib 3 y e T e

b o 6 b ig e H H O M H T e H n n - H T e H n n T e x c T O B M a c c o B o n

MHCtDOpMaUMM, peK/iaMbl M T. fl. HeM OT/lMHaKDTCn Baiun MHTepnpeTaukiM o t m-rrepnpeTauMM oxpy>xaK)U4Mx?

5. TexHMKa nepexoHueHTpauMM, Mcno/ib3yeMan b pacnpeaMeHMBaKDiaeM noHMMaHMM n p e an o /ia ra e T onpeae/ieHkie cjDoxyca m MepapxMM 3MnaTMM b Texcre. «3MnaTnn - MaeHTMc|)MKai4Mn roBopmaero c ynacTHMKOM m/im o6"beKTOM coo6iaaeMoro co6biTnn, M3/io>xeHMe nero-/iM6o c HexoTopon tohkm 3peHMn. K npMMepy: TeMa m codaxa dbi/iM npMBH3aHbi flp y r k flp y ry — 3MnaTnn paBHa Hy/ix); TeMa ntodM/i cbohd codaKy - TOHxa 3peHnn roBopmaero coBnaaaeT c tohkom 3peHkin TeMbi; TlecMK odo>Kan CBoero xo3HMHa — roBopnujMM paccMaTpi/iBaeT co6biTnn c tohkm 3peHMn co6axM. CyiaecTByx)T pnabi MepapxMM 3MnaTMM: roBopnujMM - c/iyiuaK)LaMM - TpeTbe /imuo; ne/ioBex - >KMBoe cyiaecTBO - npeaMeT; TeMa 6eceabi - hobnm (HeaHacjDopMHecKMM)o6"beKT» (JlMHTBMCTMHeCKMM 3HI4MK/10neaMHeCKMM C/lOBapb).

Onpeae/iM Te c[}OKyc m MepapxMK) 3mnaTMm b npea/io>xeHHOM HM>xe xoHTexcTe. nepecrpoMTe MepapxMK) 3MnaTMM m nepenMLUMTe TexcT: a) o t mmchm «HapnaHOM 6apbiiuHM»; 6) o t mmchm zioaxM; b) pacxpbman oaHy M3 B03M0>xHbix TeMaTMHecxMx /imhmm TexcTa. KaxoM M3 ypoBHeft TeKCTa (MOpcjDO/lOrMHeCKMM, CMHTaKCMHeCKMM, nexcMxo-ceMahtmnecxMm) npeTepne/i HaM6o/ibLuyx) MOaMC|DMKai4MK)?

HapnaHbie 6apbiiuHM TO>xe HeaypHO Bbir/ina^T b zioaxe. no-MoeMy, HeT HMnero 60/iee npMnTHoro a/in r/ia3a, neM CLUMTbIM CO BKyCOM ZlOaOHHblM KOCTK)M. HO «/10aOHHblM koctk)m», - nycTb Mei-m npaBM/ibHO noMMyT aaMbi, - 3to koctk)m a/in xaTaHbn Ha zioaxe, a He ann cnaeHbn noa CTexnnHHbiM KO/inaxoM. Ec/im bn B03bMeTe b zioaxy oco6, KOTopbie 60/ibwe MHTepecyx)Tcn cbomm Tya/ieTOM, neM npeacTomaeii npory/ixoii, to MO>xeTe He coMHeBaTbcn, hto

Bee y flO B O /ibC T B ne 6 y f le T n c n o p H e H O . OflHa>KAbi n n M e / i

HecHacTbe ynacTBOBaTb b n p o r y / ix e n o p e x e c AByMn TaxHMH

6 a p b i i i J H n M n . H y n B e c e / i a n >xe n p o r y / i O H x a y H a c

n o /iyH k i/ ia cb !

06e pacc[)yctDbipn/incb b nyx n npax - w e /ixa , xpy>xeBa,

UBeTbi n zieHTbi, M3niAHbie Tyc|)e/ibXH n CBeT/ibie nepnaTXH.

O hm HapnAM / inc b f l/m c|DOTorpac|)HpoBaHHn, a He A /m

n n x H n x a . Ha h h x 6 b i / i n « / i O A O H H b i e x o c T X ) M b i » c C[)paHI4y3CKOM MOAHOM XapTHHXH. CMeiUHO Aa>Xe nOAyMaTb,

h t o 6 bi A a M a b T a x o M n / i a T b e M o r / i a b o h t h b

conpnxocH O B eH ne c p ea /ib H o tt 3eM /ie tt i/mn b o a o h m / im

B03AyxoM (fl.K . fl>xepoM. Tpoe b o ahom zioAxe, He cm/man

co6axn).

l/lHTepTexcTya/ibHbitt aHa/iM3 - e m e o a h h b h a

r e p M e H e B T k iH e c x o tt p a 6 o T b i c T e x c T O M ( o c o 6 e H H O

n O C T M O A G p H H C T C X M M ) , M c n O /I b 3 y e M bl M B

pacnpeAMeHMBax)LAeM noHMMaHnn. OnpeAe/iHTe, x xaxoMy

C/lOX) TeXCTOBOM HHC|)OpMai4HH MOX<eT 6blTb OTHeceH

snvwpadp npeA/io> xeH H o ro HM>xe C T n x o T B o p e H n n A .

AxMaTOBott: x coAep>xaTe/ibHO-c|)axTyajibHOMy (yxa3biBaeT

Ha xaxott-/in6o couna/ibHbin, ncnxo/iorMHecxntt, xy/ibTypHbitt

c|)axT); x coAep>xaTe/ibHO-xoHuenTya/ibHOMy (BbmB/meT

M e i o , x o H u e n u n x ) n p o n 3 B e A e H n n ) ; C0Aep>xaTe/ibH0-n0ATexcT0B0My (T p e 6 y e T o t m/iTaTe/m

3anonHeHnn CMOAe/inpoBaHHon aBTopoM ziaxyHbi b Texcre).

HattAMTe npon3BeAeHMn, snvwpadp x x o t o p n m b x o a m t b

Apyron BMA TeXCTOBOM MHC[)OpMai4MM.

J10T0BA >KEHA

>KeHa >Ke /loTOBa omaHynacb no3aan ero m

CTa/ia COJlflHblM CTOJinOM

KHHra Bb/TMfi

I/I npaBeflHMK iue/1 3a noc/iaHHMKOM Bora,

OrpOMHblM M CBeT/lbIM, no MepHOM rope.

Ho rpoMKO >KeHe r o B o p m ia T p e B o r a :

He no3flHo, Tbi Mo>Keiub eiue nocMOTpeTb

Ha KpacHbie 6aiuHM poflHoro CoaoMa,

Ha n/io iuaflb, rae ne/ia, Ha flBop, rae npa/ia,

Ha OKHa nycTbie BbicoKoro aoMa,

Tae MM/ioMy My>Ky aeTefi poam ia .

B3r/lflHy/ia - M, CKOBaHbl CMepTHOK) 6o /ib io ,

I"jia3a ee 60/1 biue CMOTpeTb He M or/in ;

I/I cae /ia /iocb Te/io npo3panHOio co /ib io ,

I/I 6 b ic r p b ie H o rn k 3 e M / ie n p n p o a i n .

Kto >KeHiakiHy 3Ty on/iaKHBaTb 6yaeT?

He MeHbiueM jim mhhtcji OHa M3 yTpaT?

J lm u b c e p a p e M o e H H K o ra a H e 3 a 6 y a e T

O T a a B lU y K ) >KH3Hb 3 a e a H H C T B e H H b lH B3r/lfla-

A. AxMaroBa. 1922-1924

B M E J lM O r P A O M f l

AHMCMMOBa E.E. 0 ue/iocTHOCTn n CBn3H0CTn Kpeo/in30BaHHoro TexcTa (x nocraHOBxe npo6/ieMbi) 11 Onjio/iori/mecxne Hayxn. 1996. N° 5.

AHTO/iornn peneBbix >xaHpoB: noBceflHeBHan xoMMyHkixaunn. M., 2007.

AHTOHOBa C.TnpymoBCKMM B.A., TtopMHa Jl.E 0 npo6neMe co3flaHnn «Hexyflo>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa» 11 Onno/iornHecxne Hayxn. 1999. N° 1.

A p H O / ib / j M .B. C e M a H T n xa . C m / in c T n x a . 1/lTepTexcTya/ibHOCTb. G16., 1999.

ApHO/ib/j M.B. Cm/incTnxa flexoflnpoBaHi/m. Jl., 1974.

ApyTKDHOBa H./J. fl3bix n Mnp He/iOBexa. M., 1999.

AcnexTbi o6men n Hacmon JinHrBncmHecxon Teopnn TexcTa. M., 1982.

EadeHKO f l . r . , BacM/ibeB U .E., Ka3apMH HD.B. JlnHrBncTnHecxnn aHann3 xyao>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa. ExaTepnH6ypr, 2000.

SapaHOB A. E. OyHxunoHa/ibHO-nparMaTnHecxan xoHuenunn TexcTa. Poctob H / f l , 1993.

Bapr P. M36paHHbie pa6oTbi: CeMnoTnxa. nosTnxa M., 1989; M., 1994.

B a p r P. O chobn ceM no/iornn / / O paH uy3Cxan ceMnoTnxa: O t crpyxTypa/in3Ma x nocTCTpyxTypa/in3My. M.,2000.

Bapr P. C/Z. M., 1994.

BaxTMH M.M. l"lpo6/ieMa peneBbix >xaHpoB 11 M.M. BaxTMH. 3creTMxa c/iOBecHoro TBopHecTBa. M., 1979.

BaxTMH M.M. n p o 6 /ieMa TexcTa b ziMHTBMCTMxe, c|)M/io/iorMM m ryMaHMTapHbix Hayxax: onbiT c|)M/iococ|x:xoro aHa/iM3a 11 PyccxaM c/iOBecHOCTb: XpecroMaTMM. M., 1997.

BaxTMH M.M. n p o 6/ieMa TexcTa b ziMHTBMCTMxe, c|)M/io/iorMM m flpymx ryMaHMTapHbix Hayxax 11 M.M. BaxTMH. 3cTeTMxa c/iOBecHoro TBopHecTBa. M., 1986.

BaxTMH M.M. npo6/ieMbi TBopHecTBa flocToeBCxoro. KneB, 1994.

BaxTMH M.M. 3cTeTMxa c/iOBecHoro TBopHecTBa. M.,1979.

BeHBeHHCT3. 06maM /lMHTBMCTMxa. M., 1974.

BeHBeHHCT 3. CeM MO/iorMM M 3bixa 11 3. BeHBeHMCT.

06 m a M /lMHTBMCTMxa. M„1974.

B/iHDMeHay /].M . npo6 /ieMbi CBepTbiBaHMm HayHHoft MH(J)OpMai4MM. Jl., 1982.

Bor/jaHOB B.B. TexcT m TexcTOBoe o6meHMe. CI16.,1993.

Botmh r. r. OM/io/iorMHecxaM repMeHeBTMxa. Ka/iMHMH,1982.

BorMH T.H. 1/lHTeHUMOHa/lbHOCTb xax CpeflCTBO BblBefleHMM X CM bl C/10 B bl M M M pa M . / / riOHMMaHMe MMHTepnpeTauMM TexcTa. TBepb, 1994.

Botmh T.H. CxeMbi acmctbmm HMTaTe/iM npM nOHMMaHMM TexcTa. Ka/iMHMH, 1989.

Botmh T.H. TMno/iorMM noHMMaHMM TexcTa. Ka/iMHMH,1986.

Bornn T.H. Qnjio/iornHecxae repMeHeBTkixa. Ka/iHHHH,

So/iOTHOBa H.C. On/io/iorkiHecxMM aHa/in3 TexcTa. M.,2007.

Eo/iOTHOBa H.C. Xyflo>xecTBeHHbm t e x c t b

xoMMyHnxaTHBHOM acnexTe n xoMrmexcHbin aHa/in3 eflkiHnu ziexomecxoro ypoBHe. T om cx , 1992.

Bpanr X B e fle i-m e : nap a M e T p b i c o u n o /iH H rB H c m x H 11 H o B o e b 3a p y6e > X H o n J iH H rB H c m x e . M., 1975. B b in . VII. CounojinHrBMCTMxa.

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xy p c . M., 2004.

Bpy/jHbw A.A. ncnxo/iorkiHecxae repMeHeBTnxa. M.,1998.

Bypflbe n. Hana/ia. M., 1994.

Btonep K. Teopne e3bixa: Penpe3eHTaTHBHae ctDyHxune e3bixa. M., 1993.

B a n H p n x X. J l n H r B n c T n x a ji>km / / f l 3b ix n MOf le/ inpoBaHne couna / i bHoro B3anMOflencTBne. B/iaroBeiueHCx, 1998.

BonrMHa H.C. Teopne TexcTa. M., 2003.

Bacn/ieHKO T.H. l~He3AOBOH npnHunn cncTeMaTH3aunn TexcTOB (Ha MaTepna/ie opnrnHa/ibHoro xyAO>xecTBeHHoro

TexcTa n ero nepeBOAOB): aBTopecj). amc. BapHay/i, 2008.

Bacn/ieHKO T.H. l~He3AOBon npnHunn cncTeMaTH3aunn TexcTOB (Ha MaTepna/ie opnrnHa/ibHoro xyAO>xecTBeHHoro TexcTa n ero nepeBOAOB): ahc. BapHay/i, 2008.

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BacM/ibeB C.A. CnHTe3 CMbic/ia npn co3gaHnn n noHUMaHnn TexcTa. KneB, 1988.

BacM/ibeBa B. B. MexaHH3Mbi ni-rrepnpeTaunn TexcTa b

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BewBnuKa A. M eTaiexcT b TexcTe / / HoBoe b

3apy6e>XHon /inHrBncTnxe. M., 1978. Bbin. VIII.

Be>K6HLiKa A. PeHeBon axT 11 HoBoe b 3apy6e>xHon /inHrBncTnxe. M., 1985. Bbin. XVI.

Be3Hep C. M. PeHeBon waHp «6pam-ioe o6"bnBneHne»: 3BOxaunoHHoe Moge/inpoBaHne: ABTopecj). gnc. BapHay/i,2008.

BMHorpa/jOB B.B. O Teopnn xygowecTBem-ion penn. M.,1971.

BMHorpa/jOB B.B. O n3bixe xygowecTBem- ion JinTepaTypbi. M., 1959.

BMHorpa/jOB B.B. C T n /ib « l"lnxoB on gaMbi » / / M36paHHbie Tpygbi: O n3bixe xygowecTBem-ion npo3bi. M., 1980.

BMHorpa/jOB B.B. H36pam -ibie Tpygb i: O n3bixe xygowecTBeHHon npo3bi. M., 1980.

Bmhokyp r.O. M36paHHbie pa6o™ no pyccxoMy n3bixy. M., 1959.

Bmhokyp r.O. Ky/ibTypa n3bixa. M., 1925.

Bmhokyp r.O. 0 n3bixe xynoxecTBeHHon /inTepaTypbi. M., 1991.

Bo/io lum hob B.H. MapKCH3M n c[)HJiococ|)Hn n3bixa (OcHOBHbie npo6/ieMbi couno/iorHHecxoro MeTOfla b Hayxe o SBbixe). Jl., 1929; M., 1993.

Bonpocbi c th jih c th x h . CapaTOB, 1992. Bbin. 24. T ex cr n

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B on p o cb i c t h j i h c t h x h . C apaTOB , 1998. Bbin. 28. He/iOBex n TexcT.

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