TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENTKonstantin GoulianosThe Rockefeller University

BNL 90/50/10 CELEBRATION

JUNE 12, 2010

A lecture dedicated to:Mel Schwartz, -

my mentor and thesis advisorLeon Lederman and Jack Steinberger -

my co-mentors and co-advisorsNari

Mistry

–

my twin neutrinoJean-Marc Gailliard

–

visitor from OrsayGordon Danby, BNL

Warner Hayes, our technician at largeCOLUMBIA AND BNL

90/50/10Celebration

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration Program Committee

Derek Lowenstein, Chair

Peter Bond, BNL

Helen Caines, Yale

Satoshi Ozaki, BNL

Nicholas Samios, BNL

Julius Spiro, BNL

Steve Vigdor, BNL

Berkner Hall

Brookhaven National Laboratory

June 10-11, 2010

Friday, June 11, 2010

Satoshi Ozaki, Session Chair

9:00 a.m. Nicholas Samios, BNL “The Road to RHIC”

9:25 a.m. Tom Ludlam, BNL “How the RHIC Experiments Came to Be”

9:45 a.m. Tom Hemmick, SBU “Sailing the Perfect Liquid: Highlights and Discoveries of the Four RHIC Experiments”

10:15 a.m. Break

10:45 a.m. Raju Venugopalan, BNL “Lessons in Extreme Quantum Chromo Dynamics from RHIC”

11:20 a.m. Frithjof Karsch, BNL “30 Years of QCD Thermodynamics on the Lattice”

11:45 a.m. Jamie Nagle, University of Colorado at Boulder “The Science of RHIC II: Today and Tomorrow”

12:15 p.m. Program Break

Derek Lowenstein, Session Chair

2:00 p.m. Robert Jaffe, MIT “The Long Search for the Spin of the Proton”

2:35 p.m. Gerry Bunce, BNL “SPIN”

3:10 p.m. Thomas Roser, BNL “The Future of RHIC”

3:45 p.m. Elke Aschenauer, BNL “The Structure of Matter, What the Electron Ion Collider Will Teach Us”

4:20 p.m. Steve Vigdor, BNL “BNL NP/HEP Plan”

5:00 p.m. Adjourn

Thursday, June 10, 2010

1:00 p.m. Welcome Sam Aronson, BNL

Nicholas Samios, Session Chair

1:10 p.m. Ronnie Rau, BNL “AGS History”

1:35 p.m. Samuel C.C. Ting, MIT “Precision Experiments on the Ground and in Space – The “J” Experiment at BNL and the AMS Experiment on the Space Station”

2:00 p.m. James Cronin, University of Chicago “Reminiscences of a Post Doc”

2:30 p.m. Douglas Bryman, TRIUMF “Seeking New Physics with Rare Kaon Decays”

3:00 p.m. Break

Peter Bond, Session Chair

3:25 p.m. Konstantin Goulianos, Rockefeller University “Two Neutrino Experiment”

3:55 p.m. Paul Langacker, Institute for Advanced Study “Frontiers in Neutrino Physics”

4:25 p.m. David Kaplan, University of Washington “Frontiers in Nuclear Theory”

5:00 p.m. Sally Dawson, BNL “Frontiers in Particle Physics”

5:35 p.m. Ernest Courant, BNL “Reminiscences”

5:55 p.m. Mark Barton, BNL “Reminiscences of Ernest Courant, and the Start up of the AGS and RHIC”

6:15 p.m. Wine & Cheese Reception, Building 400 Lobby

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 2

The 2ν’s –

a personal account1958 –

60 @ Columbia: graduate coursessome fellow students:

Nari

Mistry

–

the other neutrinoMike Tannenbaum

(μp→μp), David Bartlett (μ→e

γ/μ→e

ν ν

< 10-8) Richard FriedbergNorman Christ

some professors:Lee, Rabi, Towns, Kush, Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger, Feinberg

1960 – 61 @ Nevis: spark chamber R&D(then) future Nobel recipients: Rainwater, Rubbia, TingCharlie Baltay, John Peoples, Lee Pondrom, Uriel Nauenberg, …+…

1961 @ BNL: assemble and test 10-ton spark chamber detector1962 @ BNL: 2ν run (a six-month-long shift!)1963: write thesis PhD1964: follow-up neutrino experiment with a 50-ton spark chamber

search for W in di-muon production νμ + A μ + W( μ + vμ)+A’found evidence for neutral currents but quoted an upper limit.

1976: neutrino-proton elastic scattering: Phys.Rev.Lett.37:186-189,1976

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 3

2ν-PAPERS

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 4

μ → e γ νμ = νe

June 1963

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 5

Experimental set-up

7.5°

15 – BeVshielding!!!

21 m

BACKGROUND

signal

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 6

SPARK CHAMBER –

at Smithsonian?

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 7

CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION AND TRIGGERING

SPARK GAP

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 8

OPTICS

VERTICALPROJECTION

HORIZONTALPROJECTION

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 9

e-CALIBRATION AT THE COSMOTRON

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 10

e -

SHOWERS FROM COSMOTRON TEST

300 MeV/c

400 MeV/c

600 MeV/c

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 11

e -

CALIBRATION: NO. OF SPARKS

normalized to the expected #

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 12

SINGLE MUON EVENTS

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 13

A “VERTEX”

EVENT: Etotal

=2 BeV

ν+ p →

p + μ-

+ W+

W+ → π+

+ πo

πo

→ γ + γ (?)

μ-

γγ

π+

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 14

TABLE OF OBSERVED EVENTS

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 15

The first event

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 16

Mel & Gina Lollobrigida

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 17

-

but in the Greek Press…

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 18

At Nevis in 1960 -

61

wrapping counters-

all 130 of them!!!

at my workbench that doubled as a desk­those were the days…

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 19

At BNL in 1961-

62 → 64

working

posing

installing counters-

Mel, Dino and 1/3 of (?)

W/Mike Tannenbaum

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 20

SEARCH FOR THE W-BOSON

set limit on mW

12+50 tons

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 21

In Stockholm in 1988

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 22

From Gary and Jack

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 23

NEVIS REUNION 18 FEB 1989

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 24

THE NAMING OF THE MUON-NEUTRINO

FROM MY TALK AT THE NEVIS REUNION ON 18 FEB 1989

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 25

WHAT IS IN A NAME?

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 26

SLIDE 1

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 27

SLIDE 2

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 28

SLIDE 3

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 29

VERSE 1

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 30

SLIDE 4

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 31

VERSE 2a

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 32

SLIDE 5

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 33

VERSE 2b

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 34

SLIDE 6

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 35

VERSE 3a

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 36

SLIDE 7

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 37

VERSE 3b

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 38

SLIDE 8

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 39

VERSE 4

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 40

SLIDE 9

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 41

VERSE 5a

INSTOCKHOLM !

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 42

VERSE 5b

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 43

SLIDE 10

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 44

MORE ?

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 45

What Nari

would have said…

at the Nevis reunion

BNL 90/50/10 Celebration, 10-11 June 2010 TWO NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT K. GOULIANOS 46

Ask me about it…

1-The summit at Nevis in 19602-Finding a mentor –

Jack, Leon or Mel?

3-Harnessing the background4-The first event -

Helmut and the postcard

5-The “Melon”6-The “crappers”

that were neutral currents

●●●

and more!