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AN INTENSIVE COURSEIN MALAYALAM I

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF INDIANLANGUAGES

INTENSIVE COURSE SERIES No. 4.

General Editor

M. S. THDtUMALAI

£?••••:

CIIL Intensive Course Series-—4

AN INTENSIVE COURSEIN MALAYALAM

B. SYAMALA EUMARI

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF INDIAN LANGUAGES

MANASAGANGOTRI, MYSORE-570006

R«tPublished: November 1981 Kartika 1903 ,

©Central Institute of Indian Languages 1981

No part pi this book should be reproduced in any formwithout written pennission from the Publisher.

PUBLISHED AT THE CENTRAL iNSTinrrB OF INDIAN LANGUAGES, MANASAGANGOTRI,

MYSORB-S7(J60^ BY D . P. PATTANAYAK, DIRECTOR AND PRINTED BY THE" MANAGER,

OF INDIA PRESS, CCSMBATORB, 641 019.

• • - . • • . ^ ^ • r ; r . v * FOREWORD ; > . ^ . . / ; , .

The Central Institute of Indian Languages was set up on the 17th July,1969 with a view to assisting and co-ordinating the development of Indianlanguages. The Institute was charged with the responsibility of serving as

• a nucleus to bring together all the research and literary out-put from the variouslinguistic streams to a common head and narrowing the gap between basicresearch and developmental research in the fields of languages and linguisticsinlndia.

The Institute and its five Regional Language Centres are thus engagedin research and teaching, which lsad to the publication of a wide-rangingvariety of materials. Preparation of materials designed for teaching/learning atdifferent levels and suited to specific needs is one of the major areas of interestof the Institute. Basic research relating to the acquisition of language andstudy of language in its manifold psycho-social relations constitute anotherbroad range of its interest. The publications will include materials producedby the members of the staff of the Central Institute of Indian Languages andits Regional Language Centres and associated scholars from Universities andInstitutions, both Indian and foreign.

The Central Institute of Indian languages has initiated a Basic CourseSeries in major Indian languages to provide suitable and comprehensive materialfor learning and teaching the language concerned for Indians. In a languageteaching situation, the teacher is expected to combine the roles of a psycho-linguist, socio-linguist, linguist, language pedagogue, a creator of materials,a literary critic and a testing and evaluation expert. Most of his competencesare naturally reflected in the materials, which simultaneously are graded fromsimple to complex, known to the unknown and contrived to the natural. Thisis a very difficult task. After research and experimentation we have comeout with more questions than answers at each stage of the material. Forexample, how basic is basic ? What is grading ? In what way can linguisticand cultural matter be graded ? Is question, with which most learningbegins, simpler than statement ? How does one move from a purely languagebased competence to creating litrerary sensibilities ? How does one buildinto the material conceptual prose ? How are lessons to be presented ?

VI

Should the translated discourse structure be made to look similar to the origi-nal discourse structure ? Questions such as these have been answered diffe-rently by different teachers and researchers. This search is a continuingphenomenon^ Therefore, these materials represent our unfinished educationin this area.

ii. An Intensive Course in Malayalam

The format for the basic course is the result of a consensus arrived at bythe lecturers and principals of the five Regional Language Centres of the Insti-tute engaged in thelteaching of major Indian languages. This is the productof almost eight years of teaching and research. This format is flexible andhas left much scope for individual authors to innovate. If these courseshelp the desirous to learn and stimulate those interested in applied linguistics,with special reference to the teaching of Indian languages as second/foreignlanguages, then the Institute would feel rewarded.

I congratulate the teachers, the trainees, the supervisors and the pressand publication people who have brought out the publication in a creditablemanner.

DEBI PRASANNA PATTANAYAKDirector

EDITOR'S NOTE

Malayalam is the language of Kerala. It is spoken in all the States andUnion Territories of India. Speakers of Malayalam are found all over the .world. . Malayalam belongs to the Dravidian family of languages and has ahighly cultivated literary history of its own dating back to 11th or 12th cen-tury, A.D. While the native speakers of Malayalam are known for their enter-prise, and their eager acceptance of dynamic ideas and a universal outlook,the language itself is marked by a tremendous variety and vitality in its modernliterary growth. Malayalam language bears a convincing testimony to thedevelopment, the expression and the flowing together of both Dravidian andAryan traditions. And Kerala continues to be a land of confluence of differentreligions and ideologies. Malayalam language fully reflects this confluencein its vocabulary.

While some language learning materials have been published in the pastfor. the learning of Malayalam as a second/foreign language, the present workAn Intensive Course in Malayalam is distinct from all the above. For thefirst time, a grammatically graded, and comprehensive second/foreign languagelearning Malayalam manual is available. A deliberate control of the situa-tions, structures, and vocabulary is attempted effectively in this book. Sincea second language student would benefit greatly by a mastery of the scriptof the language he is learning, the book adopts a method of presentation whichdemands a previous knowledge of Malayalam script. This knowledge canbe easily gained with the help of books referred to in the Introduction.

While in the past IVialayalam has been learned by speakers of other lan-guages largely to attend to their immediate transactional needs (notable excep-tions are easy to identify), in recent times, a large number of school childrenand others have begun to learn Malayalam, not only to meet the immediate'orprospective transactional needs but also to enjoy its literature, and to partici-pate in and appreciate its cultural and ideological milieu. Hence, the presentvolume aims at having a balanced blend to meet the requirements of both'nstrumental and integrational demands:

Language teaching, in some sense, is an artificial activity. It requiresbreaking the global language into, at times, even arbitrary units. The books

vii

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in the Intensive Course Series are no exception to these inevitable consequencesof the model followed. This was, however, borne in mind all through to keepthe artificial element under control.

Each language learning manual in the Intensive Course Series coveisthe 'basic' structures of that language used for certain identified topics of com-mon interest. Lessons are generally presented in the form of conversations.These lessons are grouped under various units.

The variables for the choice of dialect through which the materials arepresented, the methods for the administration of exercises and drills in theclass, and other tips for both the teacher and the learner would be found in theIntroduction. It should be emphasized here that the Intensive Course Seriesis an integral part of the scheme of language teaching of the Regional Lan-guage Centres of the Central Institute of Indian Languages. Books in theIntermediate Course Series and the Advanced Course Series are an extensionof the books published under the Intensive Course Series.

M. S. THIRUMALAI

PREFACE

An Intensive Course in Malayalam is meant for the adult learners whowould like to learn Malayalam as a second/foreign language. This book,in its many versions, has been tried out with several batches of learners belong-ing to different mother tongue groups, and has assumed the present shapeafter a long process of designing and redesigning," writing and rewriting, andediting on the basis of learner reactions and responses of a varied sort.

In the preparation of this book, I am indebted to a number of peoplewho include my supervisors, students, colleagues and dear ones. I am mostgrateful to Dr. D.P. Pattanayak, Director, Central Institute of Indian Lan-guages, for his guidance in every step during the organisation of the formatand content of this book, for the stimulating discussions I had with him withregard to various pedagogic and linguistic strategies that underline the pre-paration of this book and for his constant encouragement in taking up thiswork and completing it.

I owe a deep sense of gratitude to Dr. M.S. Thirumalai, Deputy Director,Central Institute of Indian Languages, who with his unfailing perseverance,guided me in the various stages of preparation of this book starting from thevery beginning up to the proof reading stage. But for his persuasion andtimely guidance, this book would not have seen the light of the day.

I should record my profound thanks to my husband Shri K. V. Srini-vasan, University of Mysore, who from the point of view of a linguist as wellas that of a second language learner of Malayalam helped me a lot with hiscomments and criticisms in deciding the form and content of this book.

I have to specially acknowledge my several batches of Malayalam studentson whom these materials were tried out and who taught me a great lot whilethey learned Malayalam from me.

I am also thankful to my former and present colleagues of the RegionalLanguage Centres and the Central Institute of Indian Languages whose ' opi-nions and comments helped me considerably in preparing this book. Amongthem I would like to specially mention the names of Dr. U.P. Upadhyaya,Dr. Reginald Soloman and Dr. S. Rajaram.

I must now thank my teacher Dr. V.R. Prabodhachandran Nair, Pro-fessor, Department of Linguistics, University of Kerala who reviewed thisbook in its manuscript form and gave several constructive suggestions.

2—3CIIL/M/8O , .

I am also grateful to Dr. E. Annamalai, Deputy Director, Central Insti-tute of Indian languages and Dr. K.V.V.L. Narasimha Rao, Principal, Sou-thern Regional Language Centre for the discussions I had with them duringthe preparation of this book.

I also feel indebted to my former and present colleagues of Malayalamfaculty of the Centre, Dr. R. Veera Manikanthan Pillai, Dr. (Smt.) L. Vimala,Dr. P.T. Abraham, Dr. K. Regu and Shri Saratchandran Nair who usedthese materials to teach Malayalam to the learners in the Southern RegionalLanguage Centre and enriched me with their comments.

I am greatly indebted to my parents, brothers, and sister and my teachersof Malayalam and Linguistics who always inspired and encouraged me tohave a deeper insight into Malayalam language and literature. I must alsothank the scholars and writers of Malayalam whom I chanced to meet andwith whom I had many useful discussions relating to the teaching of Mala-yalam to non-Malayalis, during my visits to several parts of Kerala, whileaccompanying my students for their Language Environment Programmes.

I immensely thank Smt. K. Vasanthy and Kum. T. Radhamoni, formerand present Malayalam typists of the Southern Regional Language Centrefor copying and typing the manuscripts of this book several times on all occa-sions of revision and finalisation of the press copy.

I also thank profusely Shri T.S. Venkataraman, Manager of the Press,Central Institute of Indian Languages, the Publication Unit of the Institute,and the Government of India Press, Coimbatore for the efforts they took inbringing this book out.

I am grateful to Sri N.H. Itagi, Central Institute of Indian Languagesfor designing the jacket.

Most of all, I am in great debt to my loving sisters-in-law Smt. ChayaSatyanarayan and Kum. K.V. Anasuya who shouldered all my responsibilitieselated to my household and my three kids, while I was immersed in the prepa-ration of this book and its field testing for more than eight years.

I shall be extremely grateful, if the casual readers, second language learn-ers/teachers, professional linguists, materials producers and critics, who wouldread this book, send their comments and criticisms along with suggestionsfor further improvement of this book.

f i l l ; f ' J W j ! ^ i * ^ & : i ! > > « ' • • - r " < < •. • • ' . x t l i i . . . • . < • » . . ; • : . ) ; ' ' • ! ' • . - • ••

•.. '",.-. . I N T R O D U C T I O N . . , , , „ ; .,-.,_. .,,. ^ V ; , ; , , - .

Learning a Second. Language

Acquisition of one's mother tongue is a natural phenomenon for a humanbeing. When a child acquires his mother tongue, the acquisition is a slow andgradual process, and it happens quite automatically. The child is not awarethat the process is taking place. He does not at all feel any burden or un-easiness. But this is, not the case when an adult has to learn a second/foreignlanguage within a specified duration of time. The problem becomes moreacute when the learning has to take place in a situation where there is notmuch of an environment of the concerned language. In such a context thelearner becomes conscious at every step that he is acquiring something newand finds himself in a difficult plight. It is because of this that many peopleare tempted to make the statement that'a second/foreign language cannot belearned within the four walls of a class room, and that it has to be acquired inthe natural environment.

Exposure to the language environment, no doubt, is the most ideal situa-tion for the acquisition of a language, but equally important are proper motiva-tion on the part of learners and carefully prepared instructional materials.It is in this direction an attempt is made in this book to provide the adultsecond language learners of Malayalam with, what could be termed, syste-matically organised learning materials. The three principles, namelyselection, gradation and presentation, which a materials producer has to bearin mind, while preparing a text book, are taken note of and applied withmeticulous care in the preparation of this book. The teachable items arepresented on the basis of sound pedagogic principles, namely, a progression, of items from simple to complex and from known to unknown, and the rele-vance of the given linguistic situation. Thus, the learners would find themselvesbeing led to the language in a graded manner. This book would also helpthe second language teachers of Malayalam in their efforts to transfer Mala-yalam language habits to adult second language learners.

Objectives

This Intensive Course is meant primarily for the teacher trainees of Sou-thern Regional Language Centre of the Central Institute of Indian Languages,

(xi)

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who do not know the language earlier. This is the prescribed text for the Basiccourse of the three phase ten-month course of 1100 hours of instruction. Theother two phases are Intermediate and Advanced Courses. The Basic courseextends over a period of 14 weeks with 450 instructional hours. At the endof this course the learners are able to achieve the following objectives:

1. To perceive and reproduce the sounds and their meaningful sequences,which means identification of the sounds in their meaningful sequence,discrimination of the sounds in their meaningful sequence, and oralreproduction of the sounds in their meaningful sequence.

2. To form orally sentences from given patterns and lexical items.

3. To converse with the teacher and with fellow trainees on specified

topics under controlled situations.

4. To narrate specified events and topics orally.

5. To read simple and graded passages with comprehension, which in-cludes the recognition of the letters of the alphabet in isolation andin sequence, and the comprehension of passages containing simplesentences.

6. To write simple sentences and guided compositions on specified topics,which means the writing of the letters of the alphabet in the initialstage followed by words, and sentences and the writing of guidedcompositions on the basis of the cues provided.

Of the above objectives, this Intensive Course is meant mainly to achieveobjectives from 2 to 4. To realise the first objective, the learner has to relyon separate phonetic drills tailored to meet the requirements of second languagelearners. Such drills are available in Malayalam Phonetic Reader (1972,published by Central Institute of Indian Languages) which is a companionvolume to this bopk in learning/teaching Malayalam sounds. Similarly,to achieve a part of the objectives 5 and 6, namely, learning/teaching Mala-yalam script, the learner/teacher may make use of the C.I.I.L.—K.V.S. MotherTongue Series—APNI BOLI Malayalam level I set which consists of aScript Book, a Copy Book, A Text Book and a Teacher's Manual. Thoughthe above books are prepared for children learning Malayalam as a mothertongue in Central Schools in India, they could be effectively used by adultsecond language learners als6 because the Malayalam letters are presented.

Script Book and Copy Book on the basis of similarity of shape of theseletters and the handmovements in writing them. The learners would do well

xm

to learn the Malayalam script hefore they commence using this book orlearn it simultaneously while using this book. In the Regional LanguageCentres of the Central Institute of Indian Languages, script is taught simul-taneously with the spoken language from the very beginning and it is foundthat the learners are able to read and write the letters in isolation and insequence within 15 to 20 hours of script teaching. .

Since many Indian learners of Malayalam are familiar with the Deva-nagari script, first few lessons in this book are provided with transcriptionin Parivardhita Deranaguri using extra symbols to represent the differentMalayalam sounds so that they can read from the first day of theirlearning, the sentences they orally practice. The help of a teacher or a nativespeaker may be sought to realize the exact sound value of the symbols usedto indicate Malayalam sounds. As regards Malayalam, the script usedis the conventional one and not the revised script. The modificationsmade in the conventional script to derive the revised script are indicated whilepresenting the Alphabet after this introduction.

Structure of the Book

This Intensive Course consists of 25 units which contain a total of 75lessons. Each unit, except the last one, revolves around a bundle of relatedgrammatical features which form a major structural chunk of the language.Each lesson, in its turn, deals with one or more sets of teachable items whichare the structural bits that make up the whole, called language. This bookis, thus, based on a structural syllabus in which the structural bits form thebasis for gradation. Both morphological and syntactical features are takencare of by the term structural bits. The number of lessons may vary fromunit to unit depending upon the structural bits that are focussed in the lessons.Once a set of related grammatical features are presented through somelessons, a review lesson is also added, either as the last lesson of a single unitor at the end of two or more units. A review lesson introduces no new tea-chable items, but only reinforces the items thus far included in the lessonsreviewed. The 25th unit of this book contains only review lessons with free 'style conversations.

Structure of a Lesson

A lesson in this book is made up of a conversation, drills, exercises, voca-bulary and notes in that order. The Conversation introduces the relevantstructural bits using a context of meaningful interaction. While controlling

XIV

the linguistic structures, an effort has been made to present as natural a situa-tion as possible. There are a few conversations that centre around the formalclass room situations in learning/teaching a second language, while the restpresent conversations simulating real life situations, such as conversationbetween mother and child, father and child, husband and wife, brother andsister, between friends, .between colleagues, a journalist and a political leaderand a leader and a common man, etc. The language variety used for conversa-tions and other purposes is the standard colloquial as spoken by educatedMalayalis in Trivandrum district, Kerala. The English translation given forthe sentences of the conversations has no one to one correspondence structu-rally or stylistically but is intended only to convey the general meaning.

Our strategy, while stressing language learning through practice of simulat-ing real life situations, also emphasises that learners should be given ampleopportunties to express their own ideas and opinions and chart out things forthemselves by conversing with the fellow learners. This prepares the fore-ground for the practice of real life situations in the world outside the classroom. Because of the above reason, there are also characters and situationsin this boqk which are not typical of Malayali environment and Kerala con-texts, but are essentially relevant to the use of Malayalam language by theadult second language learners.

Drills are provided for the oral practice of the teachable items introducedin the conversation. These enable the learners to internalise inductively therules governing the structural bits in relation to the language. The practiceof the same results in an automatism of the linguistic pattern introduced, andthe learners are led to the production of meaningful utterances using the struc-tures focussed in each lesson.

Drills in this book include the following types:1. Repetition drill - -2. Build up drill3. Expansion drill4. ' Substitution drill5. Restatement drill6. Response drill7. Transformation drill8. Combination drill .:-\ •/ss.if.-o ijjjpwn; ••«9. Split up drill - "i> </j;q.v •„ ^;!

• x v • ' _ . ; • .

10. Reinterpretation drill '•''• ':') ' i « " ? ;;...: !i

11. Completion drill . ? :'".'•' ,, •

Each drill has a specific objective of achieving a particular linguisticactivity. Repetition drill enables the learners to listen to model utterancesof the teacher/native speaker and then repeat the same so that proper practiceof correct pronunciation, Sandhi and intonation are taken care of. Therepetition drill also gives the learner a clear picture, at a glance, of the structuralbits introduced in that lesson. Build up drill provides the learners withample opportunities to practise the normal word order of the sentence andhelps them memorise the sentence through a' systematic building up of thesame by a progressive addition of words in the given order. Expansiondrill enables the learners to be familiar with the placement of additional wordsin a given sentence frame and thus form a bigger sentence. Substitution drilldeals with the selectional restriction among different categories of words in asentence and among different manifestations of a single word and also givespractice of vocabulary items. Restatement drill is meant to enable the learners

. to practise the formation and use of different varieties of sentence patternswhile transformation drill, in addition to the above purpose, also takes careof the inter-relationship between sentences. Response drill gives practice toput questions and give answers and for making relevant statements in appro-priate contexts. While Reinterpretation drill gives practice for the expressionof the meaning of a given sentence pattern in more than one way, Completiondrill prepares the learners for the ready mastery of structural elements thatform meaningful sentences. If a teacher administers the above drills in aclass room, he can decide on the basis of the situation whether it should bechorus, chain or individual. In short, drills enable the learners to train them-selves in the use of different types of meaningful utterances that make up the

language.

While drills give practice to the learners for mastering the linguistic rulesby automation, exercises are meant to find out whether the learners haveimbibed the rules which they practised inductively. So, it is necessary thatexercises are attempted only after administering drills. Exercises can be work-ed out by the learners both orally and in writing. The exercises are of differenttypes, testing the learning of various elements of grammatical features fromsandhi to formation of sentences that make up a conversation. Types of exer-cises included in this book can be summarised as below:

i

r'

' '••

[

i

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.

10.11.

12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.

21.22.23.

XVI .. .-. -

Combine the given forms.Split up the given forms. . "Write the contracted forms.Write the expanded formsFill in the blanks selecting the correct forms from the choicegiven.Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the given words.Fill in the blanks suitably.Restate the given sentence following the model.Restate the given sentence as per the directions.Form similar sentences following the model.Expand the given sentences using words supplied/additionalwords of your own.Transform the given sentences as per the directions.Construct sentences from the given frame of tables.Match the given parts of sentences.Group the sentences in related pairs.Complete the given sentences.Combine the given sets of sentences.Split the given complex/compound sentences to simple sentences.Respond to the given questions appropriately.Respond to the given questions by giving affirmative and negativeanswers.Put questions for the given statements.Respond to the given statements, exclamations, etc., appropriatelyMatch the.given sets of words.

24. Group the words in related pairs.25. Use the given words and usages in own sentences.26. Mark the correct statements with reference to the conversation

of the lesson.27. Answer the given questions with reference to the conversation

.of the lesson.28. Respond to the given passage and fill up the blanks.29. Respond to the given passage by preparing appropriate rejoinders.30. Fill up the incomplete dialogues.31. Prepare a conversation on the basis of the cues given.

M

XV11

As in the case of drills, exercises also have specific objectivesFor example, exercises 1 to 4 test the operation of internal and external sandhiand formation of compounds and sentence segments. Exercises 5 to 7 relateto the mastery of selectional restrictions among the parts of a sentence anddifferent types of derivation and inflection in addition to testing the use ofvocabulary items. -From exercises 8 to 18, the emphasis is on the testing ofthe ability to form various sentence patterns, their manipulations, inter-rela-tionships and interpretations. Exercises 19 to 22 test the mastery of puttingquestions and giving answers and providing appropriate responses to givenstimuli. Exercises 23, 24 and 25, test the comprehension and use of vocabularyitems learned. The rest of the exercise types test comprehension in generaland use of linguistic patterns in appropriate situations in particular.

The vocabulary section includes the words that occur in the conversationfor the first time. They are entered in the order of their occurrence in theconversation. The meaning of the vocabulary item is given in English and ismost often restricted to the context in which it occurs in the lesson. In thecase of certain verbs that occur in their past tense forms, the verb stems arealso given in brackets while listing the vocaulary items. The index providedat the end of this book lists, in the alphabetical order, all the words, whichappear in the lessons. There are a total of 1,869 words in this index. Theyare also identified for their first occurrence in a unit and a lesson. Tn mostof the cases the majority of the words in a lesson, more or less, belongs to thesame semantic field, thus facilitating ready recall by the learners. The usersof this book may also refer to Recall Vocabulary in Malaya/am—SemanticallyClassified (Central Institute of Indian Languages, mimeographed) and Hindi-Malayalam Common Vocabulary (197'3, Central Institute of Indian Languages),as additional sources for learning Malayalam vocabulary.

The Notes give information pertaining to grammatical as well as culturalfeatures. Grammatical notes are given as explanations from the point ofview- of function. Each of the structural bits newly introduced in the lessonfinds a note on it with illustrative examples. When felt necessary, crossreferences are made with respect to the preceding notes in the same lessonor in the previous lessons. While explaining a grammatical point, use oftechnical terms is kept to the minimum.

This Book as a Generalised CourseThough this book is the prescribed text for the Basic Course phase of

learning Malayalam in the Southern Regional Language Centre, it could be

XV111

easily used for any generalised second language programme in Malayalamboth by adult learners and their teachers. The teachers would do well toexpose their students to additional materials, prepared closely in conjunctionwith the structures employed in a particular lesson. These materials maybe used for the development of all the four language skills: listening, speaking,reading and writing.

Method Suggested

While pattern practice through different types of drills goes well in astructural method, to get best results, the teachers should, depending upon thebackground and capacity of the learners, adopt an eclectic approach thatintegrates the various techniques found in different methods.

Development of reading skill includes both loud reading and reading forcomprehension. In a second language programme loud reading helps acquiringcorrect reading pronunciation which in turn helps the mastery of morpho-phonemic complexities generally reflected through changes in letters. Goodreading pronunciation will also lead to development of speaking skill as faras the above aspect is concerned. Recitation of poems is another relevantactivity in this regard.

For the development of reading comprehension the passages should beprepared/selected and edited in such a way that they are both interesting andinformative. Such passages should not contain, or should contain only partly,the contents which are already known to learners. The exercises that followthe passages may consist of both objective and open ended types of questions.Regular and balanced testing of all the elements with respect to the fourlanguage skills is a must in any language programme. For that the teachershould be well acquainted with various types of tests. This book also con-tains, as an appendix, a model objective test paper on Malayalam structure.The test paper consists of 100 bits and should be completed in one hour.

As for developing the writing skill, the teacher may consider preparingvarious types of materials such as those for script teaching and compositionwriting. It is advisable for the teacher to practise giving dictation from thevery beginning, starting with words, phrases, sentences and, finally, passages.

While giving dictation, various sounds attached to each letter (differentsound values according to the initial, medial, final, etc., positions in which aletter occurs) may be kept in mind and the teacher may choose such words andsentences which are likely to be more diificult, hence requiring more practice.

• " • x i x .• . . • • ; > ,

Some examples for these are words with aspirated stop sounds such as6um1, OJDOO, Gdir>ejo, tuooo, raujooftcroi, ecaJo.crooeaio, words containing nasalsplus homorganic stops such as (sracnjigsi, ruarsKS),,, cusni", sisipâno, cua>jgo,

ffismoejo, CSTBOCOO , etc., words with intervocalic voiceless stops such as6)<&orm1, ruo.oja.0, fiJAnio, etc., and ones with consonant clusters

represented by conjunct letters such as oa>(Q2>°, -aJisgriJ, culeuaudb, 6i6)orura(jny1,etc. When the objective of the learner is only to master the ability to representthe letters correctly, it is better that the teacher adopts the reading pronuncia-tion while giving dictation. While giving passages for dictation, the speed maybe maintained in such a way that the learners may listen and comprehend thetheme and then write, instead of mechanically taking down the passage wordby word.

Training to write guided composition on the basis of word cues, sentencecues and picture cues should also be given. The free composition writingshould start from the account, of personal anecdotes of the learners and thenmove to more general topics.

In addition to the materials for developing reading comprehension andwriting compositions, the teacher may also have materials to increase the speedof reading and writing. Lastly, for the development of any skill, to avoid themonotony of second language learning through various types of drills andexercises, and to accelerate the learning process, the teacher should]make'use]ofaudiovisual aids such as tapes, records, cards, pictures, slips, charts, models,film-strips, etc., and should involve the learners in activities such as role play,narration, discussions and debates. Interesting news items and cartoons,etc., from contemporary newspapers and periodicals may also be imaginativelyused for effective imparting of language skills.

To the LearnersThe learners, who would like to use this book on their own, may see to it

that all the drills are practised in right earnest in the order they are given. Inthis context they are advised to seek the assistance of a native Malayalamspeaking model or lessons recorded on cassettes to be obtained from the Cen-tral Institute of Indian Languages, in addition to other source materials refer-red to earlier in this Introduction. Listening to the lessons available oncassettes/tapes and to Malayalam programmes of All India Radio from itsKerala Stations, seeing Malayalam films, and reading contemporary periodi-cals and books published in Malayalam will facilitate the acquisition of thislanguage.

MALAYALAM ALPHABETVOWELS

CONSONANTS

611 CO o&J 60B

-QJ .QXd 88 (DU) 6T0)

S O (U) CU9 OT

(0) LD G O) Of)

o J CLQ 6Y1I (8 (2)

CD) (D QJ OJ 09 a±l

(TU a O g » O

XX

xxi

Consonants with Secondary Symbols of Vowels

tft> CSJO dftfl cftji c9i- g

S)<&,'D I tBi'D eft>o <&>:

61J 6110 61J1 611*1 61J 61Je

6)611<D/61i«) 6II0 6111

CO COO COi CO"! CD . ^

GKnvjuiy coo co:

Cf»CJO 6)t&i<D In

6T3 6130 6Y31 6I3°1 6T3o

6)6B13/613<!) 6I3o 61B:

6)6)c9>

6)6U C6U 6)6)6U 6)6110 G61J0

6)C0 CCO 6)6)CO 6)C00 CCOO

6)r»ej 6)6)"GJ 6)"GJO

6)613 C6I3 6)6)613 6)6130 C613O

^ o(7> JÔ.

6)6)nJ

Giifl)

GiiJO

jaTOo

SO S i

so) So

6 ) S C S 6 )6 )S 6 ) S 0 C S O

SfiJVJDO 6)«3\JDl3/(iJXJUJ) «5XJDo

6TO) 6TO)0 6TO)1 6TO)°1 6 ^ 6TO)8 610)^ 6)6TO) C6TO)

C6T3)0 6)610)1) /6TO)n) 6TO)o 6TO):

S S . 6)S C S 6)6>S 6 )S0 CSO 6)S<!)/SfDS SO S i S°l

So s:

O OO O i O°\ O,, O, 0 . 6 ) 0 CO 6)6)O 6)OO COO 6)011/0")

00 o:

CUD CUJO

CCUJO

6)CU) COJU 6)6)CU) 6)CU)0

cu>o cu>;

xxu

CUD

6TD

CUDO

eruco

6mo

cuci

6)OJO'

6TT)1

cusfl cu

6TT>1 6T

iflo cue:

TO 6rra>

<BCX1P 6>6KUC

<ssm

6)6mii/6m<r> a n o 6 m :

f3> «no OJVI on°l ^ ^

6)(WD/fWD cuio roi:

LD LDO LQi LDi LQ LQ0

LQo LD."

ffl6mo csmo

cono

6)LQ CLD 6>6>LjO QLQO CLQO

8 SO Si ST 8

CJU COO (JUi OUi

6)<X)'DjWD (Do

SQ g 6)8 CS 6)6)8 6)30 C80

CJUe 6XJU C(JU 6)6)CJU 6 )U)0 <5O)0

CD CT>0 m l CD°l OB (TO) (T) 6)00 CCD 6)6)CD 6)CT)0 CCT)O

Jen's m o cm: •

o_l1 6V»J CoJ 6)6)rU 6)nJ0

(BtxDO

6T1J 6TLI0

o D o

6)oD0

CS6TU 6)6)6T1J 6)6I1JO G61flJ0

6 n j :

eo e l @°)- g (g § 6)@ c e 6)6?e. 6>eo c e o 6)G<DI@<!) e 0

ffl (BO (Hi ,(

fflo CO!

6)CD'n)/

- • - , < • • - f t

. >

XX1U

OQ) QQ)O O&fl QCllT Q$ W>e QQ^ 6)Q0) , COO) 6)6>0Q> 6)00)0 ". COQJO

CQ>o CO):

too roi ro°i (!B (23 6)o cro 6>6)ro 6)<oo croo •

6)PJI ) /GJ ' ! )

Ol CLIO OJI OJ*I O) OJO Cy 6)OJ COJ 6)6)OJ 6)QJ0.' CC1J0

/ Q J : ,

C/DO (/Ol UOi yg> J ^ (g) 6)Crt) CCrt) 6)6)C/D 6)C/D0

c/0o u o :

^ ^ 6)ollO

on: *

cro croo ca>1 .roi cry cry a^ 6)cro ccro 6)6)cro 6>cruo ccroo

cro0 cro:

CnT)

6)g Cg 6)6)g 6)gO GgO 6)giD/g<D g o

» S>0 «>1 S>T > (Po 6)«> G<$> 6)6)0 G«>0 e ) * ^ / * 1 ! ) «Po 9'.

O OO O l O°l. Q CJ 5)O GO 6)6)0 6)O0 GOO 6)O")/O(D Oo o :

xxiv

CONJUNCT LETTERS

fo> fy <& la IB c/r>

S3^ (g, 6RJTO) § (S

. RJB 8dB 5mjD

rap roffi (0) onJ rtsro w> (jo) g , @b s,i (3 S J (3

no) onn CB cruu cm OXJ OB cn^ cnj

s i (5

am . mi au ffl qgj

fll 9d

a y • <n>i • oroj

!' ' <aj9cn «6s°ffl (0)°03 nj°cro

DIFFERENCES IN THE REVISED SCRIPT

OLD REVISED

fig

c£b HO n o

nnj

rn\ijj

CONTENTS

Foreword

Editor's Note

Preface

Introduction

Maiayalam Alphabet

Unit Lesson1 1 . wnooJ meJCQJOgo ojisôroLQioQiosnro"

2 . <T)i6W3g6)S CnOOSflnOGTO0 ?

3 . 6>CDnOuQ g)fLJ<TB6)S CaJ§Cr)0S6rn0?

1 4. cnamaggp* soaxmiosuaosm"

5 . o*Jej1o»6>s o o a j ^ o i

6 . cfmsoBOa ajejor>o|<sso(oo6rro°

2 7 . isfimi O ( )CQJOOQ}1 ?

8 . (3»m>osni)u ^jcmimoajomertjro. cuis"

3 9 . gOT ojT§" oui6iJBg(xs(ir)06rre°

10'. OB, a.1§" ^.tfânosro" ' .

1 1 . (BIDCQJOOo < )(JS) ODgyojCD06nO° 1

4 1 2 . rawoojooo ng)(r>1<ea O S Q E J I g o o i i o s (giagjooQ)1«B<no

1 3 . &06TT)<d6)3&Jg§)u (Sc&fOg(QTO)1(O% nU<d€)O6J(£OOQ>1fOi<0do

1 4 . i^cnnc/DOEj

5 1 5 . OJ"1§1(I^ iiaB)6)(op6)ca«)CsjJ6n|0 ?

1 6 . nil)C[Q) GCU6T77o ? <d)0fY_j1 OCQ)0 iXlOOQJGCQ'O ?

1 7 . g<ssns 0 > go<s«a jo as)<as> crvsuiBoca)1ttBacTDO?

1 8 . ag)oo1<so1(TT)6»ej (00(2)1 o § o gOiSfflffligjooaiidBcrra

xxvii3—3 CIIL/M/80

V

vii

ix

xi

XX

Page

i-i

2 2

4 3

6 3

7 8

9 1

9 9

1 1 2

1 2 5

1 3 7

1 4 6

1 5 8

1 6 9

1 8 7

1 9 7

207 .

2 1 7

xxviii Page

1 0

.11

19.

20.

21.

22.

2 3.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

' ' 35.

' 3 6.

37.

38.

39.

,40.

,41.

. 42.

• 4 3 .

44.

45.

46.

<3TD6>(Q)06>iSSI 6tOTOTBg6>S gDfi^(3T0)105 O l i f

raiooft Q|o (mooioro1c9S)(iB@u

, a>osn!>aiTo3, orocnc&ottiaiaaaflc*

croicnitti &o«maT)o

o_l.a=J6>OJggo c9iSi C061OOOO ?

(micmoriS?

oro1cn(DOQ° aiejidssiooft ruosigj

(T)i63BOo<96)OiC2)0Q[D0? '

onosefco te>06m6roo ' " '

<aai6Tr)o

orocflffigaio

223

235: '. 248

<• '•••'•. 2 6 1

'274

': ';281

' '"288

' 296

304

' 314

*'•' 3 1 9

327

•'••• 336

'' 346

.',' 357

• 368

- • 37 6

• ' 387

400

ai°l§1s>ej

cruoejo mooOo

a'aoo, (snJ^|1o(j)o

428

440

449

463

477

490

515

xax Page

47.

12" 4 8 . faroojA cr\)o(scr)an1^j cnjooa/legj? "• 5 3 6, . • • : : • . , : • - . ; • . ; • : } • . ' : . ' • . - . <: • • ':;,- ' " - S "

4 9 . (3Toaioaas° onT aJoenjTa36»ta.o§ORiro) oniigj 550' , : • • - v • • • • : . • • • - , ' . - » • • •

50. ojro"t(ftM <a>s>i6njTO)(sgjaj)gg ? 564

5 1 . osoej1(2-|(fl(. 5 8 1

I S 5 2 . enJo<a>6m6)(Ba,1(5b 6>o-joa»°c<eao ' 5 8 8- - v . . . ' * . , • •

':''. 5 3 . m«> 6>n_l<5J>0<0& 6)aJCg)6)§ : ''. .-.'.' • - ;'-'6O4' *

' • ' • • • . - - • . ' . ' v • ' • - , ( ' •

14 : 5 4 : tsrji§o nJoai g&neoaQcm' roocu ' " 6 1 8. ' . • : . • , . . • • ' : . . . : ? . ;

5 5 . csso6m1aj)6)s .flio^ftjo^"' ; ' • • •' : '•• "••'•63^4'

5 6 . rsrc>fyo/loi»0 gDo^flgg <a>LD 6 4 8

1 5 5 7 . rtnirofflfflnsTOTSf}^ oruxiOfnotaLQi 6 5 8

5 8. rataroroinj ^§g2 cncmocoojo? " 6 7 3

16 5 9. a-KPOQ) <ft.LD . 6 89 ,

6 0 . €&>£jocE<ft>(Q3a4o qtmejogiajio .. 7 0 5

17 6 1 . (or^T orojoflSKjTOô 715

18 62. fficyajicv cncoroiimnitoJ - 728

19 63.744

6 4 . raTacgaDo cTU£ao<juocT)GOio)06)s mr&T<eaffioaii1(T8cnD 756

20 65. ^ @ o ggronoOftjoajo' ms<9«)OQ6n60ccy1ro3cno 7 6 3

2 1 6 6 . goa cft.eJi06rDo CDS^©C9. cmsiom eai6mo ' 774

22 67. (Btanjcn nJoT<e«c&>aj)o osoe j i t sa cnJOcejta>aj)o fflajt^crn 784

23 68. (sroru n_jas c&)ixi<ftiOo ruositmijnjiRBaocffiTRBcro 797

2 4 6 9 . fDotBixjroTnno a_i(jra)6neoo o»)Ooo6neT(ni a^^raiCTaJganosmoig) 8 0 8

7 0 . oo6TT)1aj)o, oraaaiajio 6>ocxDi(aSooj<s<jynajcn1a* 816

xxx Page

26, 7 1 . cooocyyejiaej (srawimnni • , '•' 8 2 3

7 2 . <sa>rog <TOCDOK° cvjo>1njos1<a>oo 830

73. (Bi&gjoofto asmemauicaso 837

74. (m sifixonn ôau° 844

75. aooanaajiB36)CQ)onB <3iss1q)6uoruoe3nB<m<> 851

Appendices 859

Appendix i Word Index 861

Appendix ii A model objective test paper on Malayalam Structure 889

Appendix iii Grammatical terms used in this book 903

'...:&:•:

'if

UNIT 1

LESSON 1

OiaiCQJOgo

CONVERSATION

sitaodb

9

This is the Malaya,lam class.

I am a Malajtalamteacher.

My name is Madha-va» Pillai.

Who are you?

4—3 CIIL M/80

•, I am a Malayalamstudent.

nVl6m3<26>s cajsxaannosnro" ? What is. your name?

;u csoionnnJ ejo6>ejonr)06rTOu. My name is M o h a n

i , Lai.

? . Who is this gentle-man?

gDcgnOo i /aji. iswnjottsb cTvjogo H e is Mr. Jayapaloja6nou. Sahu.

Sahu is a Telugustudent. :

croo*, ratocgnDo raoiroosna0 ? Sir, who is that gentle-man?

He is Mr. Ram Rao,the Kannada teacher.

rara)roo6nau, caofioria ? Mohan, Who is thislady?

mails'0 o/lsio&Loiorn A E J She is Kala, a Tamil

student.

Sir, who is that lady ?

She is Mrs. Sarada-mani, the Tamilteacher.

orooft, (TTxtiTM'0 joaoromosrra0 ? Sir, which is the Tamil

cliss?

mails'0 ôaru" rararaiosro". That is the Tamil elass

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a. 1 arooofl mejoo>o§o

3TR -M^

2 <Tfl6m3Co

3 (BTOGgnOo <ft>CTT)CUD

<9>onr)cu)

b.

1 rrVi6!si3Oo

2 6rmorii

3 (BTOCgoOo (aT3)f006rti)0 ?

f rsrrf«T MY snprw ' iaruoaoaio6rra°.

c«)oro8omsrDioQ)06na0.

5 rarog)0

7 ffl&jcoogo

8 oaoraso(H6rr)1

C.

d.

e. Sandhi Practice

, -J- (313)600°

+ arm"

ejofoi

rffrsjnB"

++ •

3 oruoaQ

• ooaj

+

rata (jD

(3T3)6TTD°

>! • ejonejorra"

>.••

fSTBCLKOOSro"

GOcLxoosra"

croaaocuosra"

<ft>ej

STOOD A,0oj1<a>

+ •

B. Build up drill

Model

3TI«f I

orajsrra

o ' OJTamoralLD1CT>1 ce>ejQQ)06rroo.

«ejej0Q)06r»o

I

2 (OOfDOOClj

<BToa>,jor>j<&,rtJ

«9>CTT)(U>

<9>onoajo

?6)S <8nJS)tOCT!51OSrrau

CnJfi33o

C. Substitution drill

Model

6IWOCT5

c6>£J

6T!I)Ofl5

ofT'T ^

(TUOgiQ

<a>ej

0111

OOTSOBOO

oftn fRPnooiT »(BMW f t I "I I

(T)i6313Oo

; ' ' f ', . -••-• * f .

1.0.

c&CTDOJU

oooras

7 Cr)i65S§6)S OnJflB" nQ)Cim06nao.

<a>ej •

mocucurfl

rooaioocij

D. Restatement drill

Model 1

a>omcu>

t

1 armoni aiejQQJOgo c8Drasomsrr)laa>06nB0,

11

2 ggegnno jsoQJruorai oroonociJ06na'".

Model 2

6TO)OCi5

1 snnooft

• 5TR ^

2 snnooft <e3ejoa)osna t ' .

3TPT T"

3 aVl6ar3c»

4 OrVlfflSBOo C/!)Of0S0IE6m1CSJ)06n9o

f'T'mf' t

E. Response drill

Model 1

snnorti

r

2 <mcu(b " ?

?

4 snnodi

Model 2

1 fij)(Bis>(juôr»_i1ca.0Q)oroDfflriDlJ ?

Model 3

<9.<maju

Model 4

Model 5

13

EXERCISES

I Combine the following words.

2 <fl>ej _j

3 rr>i63T30o

4-

J i l : j i . •••

14

+ *$£ +

=F5SRT + +

I I Fill in the blanks selecting the correct word from the choice given.1 tsracgnno—•—c3t9)6no0.

2

<a>ej " , agjcmosnro")

(BTOU3Ônj<ft>mosrn)u'. (mejoojogo

•jj| I l l Rewri te the following sentences according to the model.

Model

6riS)O(DO6TOc

15

£D0CJU(U0D06rrao

2 610)00(5 <&>ejca)06nac.

3

4

7 foomoooj

fspwj(t*|i||uT". t.

IV Respond to the following questions.

\ 2

I'.

It

I

V Give one question each for the following statements.

1 «Dgp° <fl>cnK\jo °

16

3 CT)T6318SS)S

4 f5TBOJ(3

6 CT)i63B§osrra° n^sidbo

VI Answer the following questions with reference to the conversation;

2 aoorosomsmi

3 (arejroosrto0

-y

•a

cruogo

VOCABULARY

'this' (third person proximate neuter pro-noun) ^

'Malayalam language'

'class'

'is, are' present tense of 'to be' verb

610)000

tig) mo"

17

T (first person singular)

'teacher' (masculine gender)

'my'

'a quotative particle.'

0D160T3OO 'you' (second person singular honorfiic aswell as plural)

'who' .

Cni6313|!6>S

'student' (masculine gender)

'your'

'what'

enneja"

cruoiS

'he' (this gentleman) (third personproximate masculine singular honorific)

'Telugu language'

'he' (that gentleman) (third person remotemasculine singular honorific)

'Kannada language'

'Mr'

5—3 OIIL/M/80

18

gDOIfi

(31000,1,0(1-11 eft

'she' (this lady) (third person proximatesingular honorific as well as common pluralfor third person (human)

'Tamil language'

'student' (feminine gender)

'she (that lady)' (third person- remotefeminine singular honorific as well as com-mon plural for third person (human)

'teacher' (feminine gender)

'Mrs'

(BTDgj0

'which'

'that' (thirdsingular)

person remote neuter

Sahu is a Telugu student.

NOTES

1.1.1 This lesson introduces two types of sentences with <Hi?)6m>o

The structures of these sentence types are as follows.

a. Noun/Pronoun+Noun/Pronoun+1 oruoaQ s>(3)£4B3°

Ca)05TTD°.

2 6T5ioriJ

wosaau

oTPT TWTToSJT

b. Genitive case (possessive) of I or II person+Noun+Noun+Quotativeparticle a^cm" ^T /Interrogative Pronoun ^§m" $>£ + <sra>6™>° ?nV

anj<c3° moojojoiruigg My name is MadhavanPillai.

I am astudent.

Malayalam

19

2 noi6W3§s)s eruRu" ti4)0fijiosnB0? What is your name?

1.1.2 f3t5,6no° fm is the copula verb connecting two nouns or nounphrases or pronouns and nouns to form an equational type of sentence.(3ra>6rra°, annf* form is the present tense. The relevant verb stem israrajcflj" STR> 'to be'. In literary and formal styles rera>6na° %ju?has another form as <Bn>dh<rtt> %sv§^ . In some varieties of spokenlanguage oK&srro" snV is reduced to mere (3T3> STT .

1.1.3 Note that snnoofl STR the first person pronoun changes intowhen the genitive case suffix —«o_ <^ is added.

'I' ogjswiJo 'my'

Another genitive case- suffix is—gs>s g ¥ -as in cT)1a3t3Oo 'you' >• CDISDB^SIS 'your'

1.1.4 Though the verb usually occupies the final position in the sentenceas in the examples of 1.1.1 it may be noted that word order is notrigid as seen below.

1 go®" majcowgo f&ocroosro°. This is the Malayalam

2 <3io<s§rLoa)osrtou .sjomaju oracuô He is R a m Rao, the Kan-n_ic«.riiJ (j/giT roomooQj. nada teacher .

However, please note that in a sentence the word that is immediatelypreceding (m6™" wi gets the extra emphasis.

1.1.5 Whenever the name is stated it is obligatory to add the quotativeparticle OL CTO" ^ (It is the verbal participle of verb "3)ri* ^'to say')

iBoooajoinji §g My name is MadhavanPillai.

20

1.1.-6 In natural speech it is very common in Malayalam to club together twoor more words.

-f--\~

mi6ijr3goroosrta''

-f- STFT*

1.1.7 When words are combined as shown in 1.1.6 there will be changesin sounds due to different operations. Note the three importantoperations of such sandhi in the words that occur in the conversationof this lesson.

Vowel2 can be

i Vowel2> Zero+Vowel2

Vowe^ is the final sound of word1; and Vowel2 is the initial sound ofword2. Vowela in the above exemples isany vowel.

2 crooao -j_ (3%6nau >

?n| -f- snV K"-

>

Vowelj is 2 and VoweU can be any vowel.

1.1.8, When changes in sounds occur as a result of clubbing , it may benoted that changes occur in the script also when they are writtentogether. Note the following examples from the lesson.

eg. reroijoian-icfcrij _|_ <m)6ra" >• o

-f- j n V > STtillM+Hl

D° > • eJOS)eJCTDOSrK)u

21

_(- rsra>6nou > taraoifopsno0

° - J -

i)0 J>

Same is the case when a suffix is added to a word.

1.1.9 The term of address <ruo(S «TT 'sir' is commonly used in Malayalamin formal and informal conversations.

LESSON 2

CONVERSATION

ag)e)riio mo^" (jnTnnnjcnnraiajfDiEOsrK)0. My native place is

isftf' ITS' fire^FS^TTw'i i Trivandruin.TTw'i i

ccft>ro§rora>Te)ofto Trivandrum is thecapital of Kerala.

Mohan, which is yournative place?

22

23

cue/lay

3 5

cruoift, rarocgaDronnisiabofflra3 roiejorunocD

orunejo

3rr"%

cro_i(83w>o roosoaiQoooosrn)0. We belong to Rajas-

than.

i nôSo snaorunajo rarortngj. But- that is not mybirth place.

My birth place isBhopal.

Bhopal is also a bigcity.That is the capital ofMadhya Pradesh.

That is O.K.

Mohan, to whichplace does yournew friend belong?

Sir, his birth place isalso a capital city.

Which is that?

Bhuvaneswar

Sir, Bhuvaneswar isnot Sahu's birth place.

V That is his place ofwork.

» His birth place is asmall village.

nfljcmo its name is Kashipur.

24

, 6TO!65E<gS>Scraoroao(BSTDic!!j)s>s

6TTD" ?

crunaio .

Sir, to which placedoes our teacher Sri-mati Saradamanibelong ?

'° cnososna". She belongs to Tamilnadu.

Tanjore is her birthplace.

o_l§6TT)(BOSnau.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a . 1 (s<aro6)«JT!j)i6>rr5o roiejcmooroo

2 agpriio sruna"

3 2!(jD,<>(Q-j(ssu3Ts>n5o

4

5 cnoroooQJ6ir>6)abo

[63(03 Sir, Tanjore is a veryold city.

srmcrun That is my friendRama's birth place too.

ag)cmo6TOu

cue/loo) <DcnrofflO6na°.

25

f ?mososna" f5)mTs>°oob§0

10

1 (arae§nD(OT3)i6ic0o

2 gcucsmoajta 63«u

cncnracagj.

c . 1 Geotuoejo am nnejcrxiDOCT) CDC/M)IB06TTOO.

2 cru03goj1s)nSo jscmmioejojo raronngj.

1 cisotuonii 6MB (inejcniDooD cncoraiiiosnD0.

e. Sandhi Practice

-j- go >•+ ?^ >

CT)i65BOo _]_ go >

_|_ g o > • 6TO)Ooroo

+ ^ >_J- g o >-

+ ^ >• . • \ « J

26

2 cmorasofflffroi _)- go >•

_j_ go >•

+ 3*T >

cftEJ _[- go >

rom - j - go ?-

3 croorxD -|- go >>

Wf + 3K >

ccruoi? -}- go >-

Ht^ + 3*T >

-] - go >•

+ ^ >-^- go J>

- j - go >•

T -f- 3W >

go >•

-|_ go >

"4" ^ T >

_ go >•

B. Build up drill

Model

(3tB)6YTOU

27

1 rarogy.

OTUJGSOBo

croogflnji6irfto

CTOJCSOBo

romcsysie

: • ' /

28

3 ratagj.

fOOffiOOOJ

<SOJ«B°

<BoJ(!Bu CDOfflOOOJ

0 roomooaj

I

4 (3TO)6nao.

nnaicrucocn


Model 1

toossiofto

29 -K ix ."

1 cmogg" S8oa)s>ri5o

crooaQtuiffiiaSo (3ra(joônJca>aDosrro0.

30

sea) o joe j is i ciio

Model 2

s

6ra)6BBg6>s (yjooDo raragj

snnocS

oTPT

c9> IDE-la

gU>

31


Model 1

snnocii

-A<BoJ«Bu

iBa)aio6nBu.

SPT

32:

3 (si/G§nOo roomooajojo6ni>u.

4 goo-iob crurogajjosrro0.

5

Model 2

oj1sÔ(?>LQionTcQJOsno0.

(3TOUJi0ru1c83C!Q)0Sn0o.

4 cmoaoonoft n^)6>a5o

5 (BOCJO (sroojta36>s

6 oronni foocjucs2)s>s |

^rfir xivpgf +dd+1 P<ii i "f11

7

8 (Boy

9 (sraû airs s>iijo1«2) nj§6mmo6na°.

10 ceoruoaA ©RB (wejcruoom cncnroiii06TOo

33.

E. Transformation drill

Model

SCffiCT\lDeJ£D06no°

2 rooau ciQ)G>cd>a

TTET & f

3

4

5

F. Response drill

Model

0005°

2 ag)6Kiio

3

6—3CIIL/M/8O

I \

34

5 a(j)6>cfk> cssoejioruoejo

EXERCISES

I Combine the following words.

go

2 smonoencA 4. go

3 <ft.me.io

4 onjciroosso -f- go

5 .ronej 4 . ratogj

6 <a>ej -f go

4- nQ)gffiu

8 ceoruoit^ 4 . go

4 . (sia>«Bo 4 . (sa>en»"

4-OT5+

10 roooioooj 4- go

II Fill in the blanks selecting the correct word from the choice given.

craoras.

III Fill in the blanks using the correct fon^ of the word given for eachsentence.

1

3 (sajsnra

4 gajacnwu(a nnejcniDomaiosnD". (soToru)

5 f5iejcniDomffii06rro0

IV

3(FT ; thr i f t Rii I "^ I

Fill in the blanks suitably

2 <STj>nj((536>S I

3 CT>1S5t3g6>S 0rUoCT\iQ00n(OT5)i5103o 0 ?

4 (BTOOJnBCTS StO3 OJEjioa) .013)6™"

36

6 eBjejaj)6>s essoejioroneJo

V Rewrite the following sentences adding @» ^ to the underUned words. ^ .

2 craoros (Btoajra36>s

5IK?©ras cnooromosno0

<ft>ai

VI Resppnd to the following questions.* 1 0DiSSt3§OtDO6TTD° ?

CT>OCSS(W06nOu

5

6

7 cr>1«JB<3S>s

8 oniÔBêis

fis-s-S ^ if v

37

9 ttVl65I3<36)S

^ o -a • •

1 0 a/)60T3<361S (3T0(jDi0oj1<ft>CSJ)6>S (B(Tj6>(005)06n0o ?

:'-•. /• ~A

•if- VII Give one question each for the following statements.

2 6D(s§ar>rtSTOfl6>a5o cootos.

qxpf

5 taT9c§an«5t!nT6)ciSo

VIII Negate the following statements.

3 (DOUJ

XTST ^ (

4 e<ejfogo cuejioQ) cruocruaomaiosna0.

38

IX Answer the following questions with reference to the conversation. j(ara)fO3S)S mososno" ? '!

4 orooaDOJi6>n5o armcruaejo

6 (O(acsj)s>s KOEoaiaejo

7 eeoruorab n ^ © crooCTXiooonrannisiaô fmejcruDomaiO6rK)0.

VOCABULARY

'the place/country one belongs to*

'capital'

'one' (Numeral adjective)

'small'

'our' (First person exclusive plural)

oJ6)<fta] 'but'

'birth place'

cncoroo

OJg6)«>

39

'is not, are not' (Negative of coplaverb

'big'

'city'

'friend' (Masculine gender)

'place of work'

'small' v

'village' '

'very'

'old'

'town'

'friend' (feminine gender)

NOTES

1.2.1 m>snt>° sfFf sentences are expanded by various genitive case(1.1.3) forms.

1.2.2 The genitive case suffixes-sw-C and-S^s-^" are added todifferent types of noun stems.

1.2.3 — 6)0.7'" is added after-ofl -* as shown in the following examples.

(1) -<*-^ ending noun stems

4PGGI0nO6>ttiO

(2) Consonant ending stems

eg. (QJAOOO0 >•

(3). (§°)-3 ending stems (Vowel ending)

eg. owns" t>

(4) -(BTOo-snr ending noun stems

e g . (BTDCBgnOo ^

(5) -g-^ ending noun stems

eg. mty >

1.2.4 -g6>s-33" is added to all other types of noun stems.

' ''• e g . Of)1(SDBOo > 0T)i608g6)S

>(BTOQUlS ^ (SI0QJt!B6)S

<6>ej

1.2.5 is the negative of copula verb

e g . a®e>oBb . That is not my birth place.

1.2.6 —g" - O T as in ceoojoejo ^HMjf a n ( j fsnuorviQejajo

additive suffix meaning inclusion or emphasis. .- is an

SCIB cncntDiDosna". Bhopal is also a capitalcity.

eg.

Note the manner in which §<> ^r is added to different words.

e g . cBeooJOKii -)_ go ^

_j_ go >• srmcniDejdgo

go

-J- go >

.1.2.7 Generally when words ending with -<3ro° -sr*r join with other wordsto form compounds the final consonant is deleted. •

eg. mcoroo >• ftne4cnioommcnrao

- j - (StS)(OgcrOoCTUOOCT)o

42

1.2-8 SuSxes -oraab . 3 ^ and -IQ -f mark masculine and femininegenders respectively as in the following examples.

eg. gb§<ft>ororii 'freind' he' (Masculine)

'friend 'she' (Feminine)

1.2.9 ai§6>«> qa^f is an intensifier as seen in «u@«ra aj»ca> nj§6rr>»meacing very old city.

UNIT 1

LESSON 3

CONVERSATION

m>nj"r1s)o, (stag)0

?

(8-aJ§CT)O<86mO

(a<a>o9 :

*T3"T :

ran>.aju.affloi :

'Daddy, is thatMathrubhumi weekly'?

. 'Yes it is Mathru-^ bhumi'.

rarofij)oro3sis Cn£!0(s§ooQ)06m^juj3ioo ? 'Whose photo is that' ?

6)cnrvnucjaji6)aJo t63§<> 'This is the family

photo of Jawaharlal' i Nehru'.

43

44"

rootnogufl.

'Who is that?'

'She is his daughterIndira Gandhi.'

sDOBiroocnooru/lcrisis <mnjurxs>cib CDOOTJOT 'Isn't Gandhiji Indira

? " Gandhi's father?''?

rarsgj.

eotnajo cnocru/l

(srae§nORjT3)i6>abo

i" cnocruol.

TtfET I

fflcftiCTb. OTOGgJ ?

rar I sr^ srft i

ggrowrao. ?

'No. Indira is Nehru'sdaughter.

(giorucruorn But isn't the last part? of her name alsoT Ttfe ?r#f ? Gandhi?

Yes. That is her hus-band's name.

°? What is his fullname?'

'Firosh Gandhi'.

o«s 'He is Nehru's son-in-law'. Isn't he?

Yes. That is correct.

Dosiro Who is this? Is sheIndira's Mother?

No. Indira's mother isKamala Nehru.

Koj |1a»offi6rpO' ? Who is this? Is she' . Indira's elder sister?

45

(SQnAuaSBC&

(E<ft,ri5 :

3fcr i

orooK?! eocBiroajios c^j^jiosngj. No. She is not Indira'ssoinn(?iejoeji6)oio (siacnionrorai elder sister. She is

Jawaharlal's youngersister.

Is she VijayalakshmiPandit?

Yes.

Is Nehru her elderbrother?

'Yes.'

u? goosi roosts (STomT Then who is this?Is he Indira's youngerCS2JGCD0 ?

f W ^dKI1^? ^ W e ' 3fpn4.fl ?

raraoojogosno0 gogoo;

goons ÔBICOCSJJQS

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a.

brother?No. he is her elderson.

And what about him?

He is the younger son.

Isn't she Indira'sdaughter?

No. She is her dau-ghter-in-law. She is-her elder son's wife.

46

2 (groan?), g o ^ ffloraj(§iEi

3 rarogj. gog) moigngaii

gDgD

"K 3TT.T

3 raragj. ag)6)cSo

C!. Sandhi Practice1 aaonnnb _|_ (3ra>srra° >•

- [ - (8%6ni)u >• <9)iiiejffiO6rrau

e joe jO6r ra° .

0r0(SCTO)0r>Mo - | - f3I5)6TT0u

( o_ )8 i fU ° - - | - (3T3)6TT8O

fsra)6ni)u >

a^)S)cflo

dn

<

-< °§ -h

+ O COJO

Jnlhlnjk

1,(1193)

" o(!U9C(0DS<DCCO <J oQU9<eifi) + SOJCOO

48

&aj§cr)OG6rno

2 csro§y.

rarogj.

I

3

ejcftaiuffl6rr)6)oflo

<3rg>6ns°.

49


a . 1 fDOnejQJOS (OOgOjiffKTSo GaJ§CD06na°

I 7—3 CIIL/M/80

50

3 cooros ta>mej(!JTB>i6>aoo

(BratlJg6)S (3tO(JDiOoj1<9>C!D;06nDu

armoai

(BIBCUfli

i j CT)i60BOo

tft.iB eg

crorag

fl_l(5>Do

SfoTRT

inocuajcti

CST9 ( T ) l 0B)(OTJ)T CSJ161S

*1l«q>1


m Model

5;

52

<3racr>1c_8jra)1<_06rroo.

2 curas traorosogjffls CDa,go6noc

030(08

3 raoco

c_j§cno6na°

5 ccno i_1 erg—<sj)6>s


Model-1

roomoocij

crurog a^)6)cflo (Btaor)1_rorm1oQ)osrro0.

53

2 goga" cuejioB) &ocroo6nra°.

3 (Bragg"

a^j" ^ f fo r *iI-H-MlUTI

4 mOLQ(%

5 a j i a i e j a^)6>o8o (BTOcnicoiRjnnicsjiffls gb|<abO«>1ai>06rn>0

Model-2

tftSJ COOlicSJinS 60(0^00)0609°

<a>ej

flo (JJJOCBo.

T I

2 (STOgg0 fLlEjiOQl nJ§6miBO6ni)u.

5 foocoayns c^Jgcft mtgaj06rt9o

Model-3

f3toajgs)s

?rnc?TTpT

54'

m<a.mgj.

4 <T)16IJB<B6>S (3tDCT)iQ2)OOo

5

F. Response drill

Model-1

<T)i63T3<S6>S

II

I ]

I i

I • 2I j p ^ ^ , ?

(BTB6)(!T)

I 3TFT crf*TO ft^nfeTwT; STTT

. 3f??r i

Model-2

55

crfi6>d5o

(arBS>ro>. mejoojogo ôcroosrro"

mTsiabo

cr>o§°

cnejcmogo (sraa)((,OaJeft.cr)<Bgj ?

EXERCISES

I (a) Combine the following.

- j - go

2 rooou -]_ rarajsra0

3 mcy - | - @o

4

rara)6rrao

5

6 ,-

7 mcnra» _ j - go

8 <l_l§6TT)o _f_ g o

9 mail -)- go

1 0 fSTOCDÔaJTdfa _|_

(b) Split the following.

,2

3

4

5

6

7 socoajo

8

9

10

II Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given for eachsentence.

2 a>6m1aj)6>s cru«B

3 sorojoojosno" nirtBiBcejOo. (t&<a>a5)

4

rsramicQKBTiniQBJOond0 raotu.

57

?0 «>o«ejajri& (cootos)

Ill Fill in the blanks suitably.

2 rarogj.

5

6 (8T9gi)0 (819)601)"

sra1 STTT" I

IV Answer the following.

1 cni6OT3fl6>S ffinJ6)f0aB)OStTO°

(3TOIBI1CSJ)6)S <SnJ6)fO(TO)OSn9u

4 <T)16iSI3g6)S ^ | t a . 0 f 0 6 > C i i o <SaJ6)(0CTO)0Sn!)u

5 CT>i60T3|j6>S ^gcft>OfDTCQ)6)S Co_16K0CTiJ)06ni)u

58

7 CT)i60I3Oo


fflTOOOBo

2 rii u cuocrv

3 (BT06X3).

4 OTOg-J. fOO(Bn_lfOo

5 (3TDS)fiT).

6 (3TD5XW.

VI Transform the given affirmative sentences to negative.

1 . |D(S) oejoojogo

2. rarocgono a )6>oio

3 . (3TOOjra3S>s cno§

4 . rara^ ojej icsj) onconxaosno"

5. rooou

59

VII Transform the given statements to their corresponding interrogativesby the addition of-«a, and-^j appropriately.

1 . roouj (3Toaj<g6>s (gTocnioQiOTrmi isrogj

TIB smsy' srf^Tfe 3r?w i

2. fsraoftiog6>s (mj2j

4.. soifrocaosno" c

5 .

VIII Rewrite the given sentences using the different kingship terms withoutchanging the meaning.

1 . arusroosscswrniSKiSo cD<ft>gosrrau- crurag.

2 .

3.

4 . ccno<T_ioejs)oJo mtesgffls e^ ta rwon josr ra 0 roomrfl.

5. roossiabo ommTaDSKflo eoro^cajosno" oruoni.

<N<-/~ Srf pq- " ' f lwnV ?rf% l •

6 . aDecfOOSosjiQs (Ec9jff>a5o Gcucm"

<A?fists'' nti'-dr ^ J*II<. ^TT^f I

7 . ronj1os3)S)s eoro^cQ>O6TO° roouu. :•'•

VOCABULARY

'father'

60

'Mathrubhumi' name of a Malayalamweekly

'weekly'

'itself (emphatic particle)

'photo'

(UtSKm

(a«)«a6)s 'whose'

'family'

oraajcroocDo 'end '

'husband'

'son-in-law'

(8Tocn1oQ)«jro)1 'younger sister' amôi 'elder brother'

'younger brother' oracojooo 'that person'

'elder son' goanooo 'this person'

gD§a2)m<a.(iS 'younger son'

'daughter-in-law' eoro,j 'wife'

CDC&OO 'daughter '

eoc/5o 'par t '

'whole'

'elder sister'

NOTES

1.3.1 Interrogative sentences are introduced.

1.3.2 cBTa>6TTO° anof" sentences are transformed into questions by the ad-dition of the interrogative suffix-ao —aft to rara>6no° arm*. An(3ra>c6mo arrwfY question elicits orofflnn argf or tsrogj ?T^T 'yes orno' response. If the answer is in the affirmative the answer beginswith oT86)«n 3Rf and if it is negative it starts with

61

e g . ( a ) 0Di6513Oo ffiEJOQJOgo

'Are you a Malayalam student?'(b) raraexo). 6raion5 mejcxyogo

Yes, I am a Malayalam student.

3TR

No. I am not a Malayalam student.

1.3.3. <B»§y is the corresponding negative for the copula verb

e g : OTOOJA ooorosofflOCTTO0 'She is Sarada'-

'She is not Sarada'

1.3.4. owgj 3r??r sentence is transformed into a question by the additionof the

cru(tBu cnocru/1 ngjonrKs ? 'Isn't the name Gandhi'?

1.3.5. Note that in all sentence patterns in Malayalam negative statementstake the suffix -^B-^ for interrogation except in some highlyliterary and classical styles and also in some dialects where-aoalso can be added to negatives Eg: rarogyGoao ar nfr 'isn't'? But theform raroagj 3r?% is more frequent and stylistic.

1.3.6. Basic kinship terms are introduced in this lesson. Note that forvocative case, i.e., for addressing, -n* -* ending nouns deletetheir final consonant and lengthen the vowel asjin the given examples..

But the form &<<>><$ JHW is an exception. It becomes m<fl>ecn

1.3.7. caiocft JTR is the contracted form for a<a>ofl

62

1.3.8.

1.3.9.

1.3.10.

\. 3.11

In the wordSandhi after -ao-srrwed in all dialects.oj-;=r coming in as

ending nouns.It may also bethe glide.

has come inBut this is not the rule follo-

0 with

In informal speech and in intimate contexts irrespective of gender,the third person neuter singular pronouns <src>@u ^ a n ( ig>2»u ^ are used to indicate human nouns also, especiallywhen introducing, pointing, etc.

eg. goroiorao6TOu ? Who is this? (referringto a? man or woman).

^ and. soraoos ^ -R^ meaning that person and thisperson respectively are used as pronouns. <m&> w ^ meansperson and -®ra -ar and -go -% are demonstrative adjectives. Indegree of respect these pronoun forms indicate a lower degreeof respect than those of <&®GQnn° ST^R; and go<s§nno

Put in the appropriate context, the interrogative suffix -®o -aft canbe added to any word to make a question.

eg. (BtaoQJOoo <§<!jrcn(a<9>cno6n3u fjg jg the elder son.

And this fellow?(what about him ?who is he?)

UNIT 1

LESSON 4

CONVERSATION

: gDO)0(8 6roo

tsrosxtn .

150I ?

ennoarro" : " rugnro cngj (5o1co)06ni)0 .

Is this your room?

Yes.

This is • a very goodroom.

o<TB<snjo6>£j Why do you say likethat? Aren't all the

? rooms alike? -

63

64

cnnoaioro"

«o>omcru° : rarogj. gogo OJ&JIQQ) floictyofflrw". N o . All rooms are no t

3i??r i 53 qf^nr HPWI<J!T 1 alike. This is a bigroom.

: c/aroT, craroT. §D6)ns)06>cS«)CQ)orao6rra0 cnromrrv)". That is O.K. Who are

srfr, srir 1 f^tr'WirKTw'' cftoj ? all these people ?u : gDOLicri oom56>s Gnnocjyrai ojcgjoi roonejnjs>o86 JJe is our hostel boy

Raghavan's younger1 fc brother. His name is

1 Sukumaran.

Who is she?

orycfljaioroariSo <BTOCT)1OC>J<OT!J>1 rooto S h e is S u k u m a r a n ' s

aa06™"0 • younger sister Radha.

<9)0fD0(SSm0

oaiocsmo ?

cnnomcru" :

6TO)OG(DO ?

srnft ?

Hldi+KH

Are Sukumaran andRadha your friends?

Yes. We are goodfriends.

In that case arechildren also yourcompany?

oj£uloa> <Bra>6$dEbgo, Y e s . Chi ldren, a d u l t s

and old people are all»r my friends.

Then what about me?

Are we then enemies ?

No. Not at all.Nobody is my enemy.

What about Sahufrom your place ?

CTUOQDQOJO ?

65

T lire i l i

3TT

rarocuni

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a. ! • gDQJOi m(j)6>n5o

2.

8-3 CIIL/M/80

He does not belongto my place.I am from Bhopal.

My mother tongue isHindi.Isn't Sahu from Orissa ?

Isn't Nivedita anOriya?And Sahu a Bengali?

No. He is not aBengali.She is a Bengali.

ffisaaTccs2J0so(a) . So our hostel is the

Centre of NationalIntegration.

Yes.

We, Hindi speakers,Malayalis, Oriyas areall one.

We are all Indians.

' •

Ii!

| :

| :

il1!

!

66

3 . ggoioo og)S)ri5o (SToonicaxoTmicoosnD0.

4. ajai1otti^j°ôs)n3o

5. 0O(mi6)ggjOo ecmosna0.

1.

2 . oroojioajo, aoToD<e«)0ro3srroo.

1. cmoaoni

2.

3. emoonnoo,

2 .

3 . <mcu

onosu - | - <9.oro1

ooosu - f

67

2.

> ffieon_iocoS<esiO(o1

3. aoTcro -)- <a>orooi >•

j >•

\ >•

Build up drill

B. Model

1 . (HTBgJ.

i

(BIBGgj

*dd+ir<

2.

arm i

68

cue/loo) eft§1<a>gosrra°.

(DO^ClJo 63S>e0S) OJEjiCSD

3.


Hi

69


Model-1 •

c9j§1<fl><3O6rK>°

1. gxuab oA\a<pS>in\<xi)oera".

2 .

Model-2

1 . gD

E. Combination drill

Model

( a ) (sraojoJ a{j)6>n3o mo|ca>oracr)O6rn)0

( a + b ) oronjoDo tstoojô ogjaoJo cr)0|<a)0(t)osno0

1. tSTOOinb' ceonjo(o5c9«)OfDmo6n»0.

iii

70

2 . faroajor& r^)S)o3o ax>£j<a>oraar>O6rra°.

(SIOClJOo f i^)6)Clbo CTX)£p<9>OroT0Q)O6TTOu

3 . (srosgnDo cna£56>s

F. Response drill

Model

(3TDg-j. (BTOGgnDo ra^)S>nSo CT)OSoS)0(DCT)gJ.

a eo°l(TUce«ofDcr)osnD0 .

f^§3T '.','••3 1l iC=f

R ^ l*tctct>l<-silIJJ. I

1 . c r o i r a i cr/l6OT3<ge)s

; | i ! ' • • 2 . g

' : ' 1 ^ ^ • ^ o o • \ • \ o • ^ ^

j ; ! 1 j 3 . oraajsirogjoo O D I S S B S Q S ono|<ft>oraocssiT)o ?i ' • i ' f ,

i4 .

EXERCISES

Combine the following.

1 . <9j<E0(0i -J- go

71

2 . cft.CQej.-f- g o ' • ' " . •

3 . (OJOEo - f go

4 . rocul -\- go -)- inty - j -

5.

6.

II Fill in the blanks choosing the correct word.

1 . gr>n_ic» CTV<SjiriOfas>n5o

2 . tSTOGgnflOJ^ mTS)ClS0 • (3W)(B6TT)0 ?

3.

4 . GCOO.TJO&JCTOO, raojiajJo ooanjCTS rawjcsmo ? (03(gj,

5 . Gcoorgojo, raoscTOo 6rai6SBg6)S

, ojTs|i,0(?)Ln1cft.oo)

6 . eoronjiicairaosrra0. (srsiocifl,

III Fill in the blanks suitably.

2 . (Brajoso nQ)6>abo

3 . —: raTocgriD(3i3)1sia8o moamwosra".

72

4 . cfljcryiE 6ro)65Bgs)s (SB>srto0.

5.

6.

IV Combine the given pairs of sentences using -§° - ^ makingnecessary changes in different words.1 . (STDOJCT& 6n joCOOgTcQJ06n9° .

2 . foocu mejcs2)Og1oQ)06no0.

TTET f p*

3 . e c u e g r!r)iii1(P0CDOg<ft.orocnosna0.

4 . ovjog^ r^)6>afto

5.

a\)fag

V Answer the following.

1 . CTVI&SBOO ogjssj cno^cft.oro(T)06rT»0 ?

73

2.

3.

4.

5.

3fTo3+o4<r?i ?

VI Give one question for each of the following sentences.

1 . (3TO6XOT.

2 . (BTD^J. ag)6)oio (BOigjeooii

3. (sroajn3 srmsisBêis

4. OTB^J. oTanjcngj. mas}6>s

5 . i

VOCABULARY

'your' (singular)ftof

'ail'

'oua' (inclusive)

'she' (proximate)

'you' (Singular)

'alike' '

'he' (proximate)

'hostel' n-i<5joft

'friends'

74 .

'small children' <a.cnjcr>1 'company'

'people' ajQ2>gy<& 'old people'

'enemies' aorajeooM "mother tongue'

o

Geoojorabcfl6)oraa(5 'man from Bhopal'

solcro<eaoroT 'woman from Orissa'R

'Bengali' rarocuna 'he' (remote)

'she' (Remote)

ocno 'national integiation'

'centre' oolrsicwnota 'Hindi speakers'fg/«W>K

'Malayali'

fflcro° 'one' mcsffioo 'we' (inclusive)

'Indians'

NOTES

1.4.1. <BW)snrou snnf* sentences-are introduced with a new set of pronouns,some plural nouns and co-ordinaiing suffix -l>° -3»r-

eg. (a)

Aren't all the rooms alike ?

75

l ^ T ^CTT^ gte^T R^PT ^ T S ^ ^ 3|faiH|uf I

'He is our hostel boy Raghavan's younger brother.

(c)'We are all Indians'

1.4.2. The new pronouns introduced are the following.

(sraojnb 'he' (remote)

OTOOJOo

3fcfT

6DQJCT&

6H5)6i5I3Oo

CDOo ^ P T

COfflfflOo q r1

'she' (remote)

'they' (remote)

'he' (proximate)

'she' (proximate)

'they' (proximatt)

'we' (exclusive)

'we' (inclusive)

1.4.3. Note the different plural nouns introduced in the ksson.

'people'

'enemies'

cSigicftoo 'children'

76

'old people'

eorarotfoaxft 'Indians'

In the above examples note that the suffixes indicating pluralityare-«9«o°- ro5^ -gc&oo.g^5.<ftoo.^ and-^-T. Of these -<a«>o° -^PS^ is addedto - § -^ ending neuter or common gender nouns, -§<a>o° - 3 ^to consonant ending neuter nouns and nouns endingiike cstuiro0 ^-c9>t» - ^ to other neuternouns, common gender nouns and-SMending feminine nouns other than kinship terms and -* -T to humannouns consisting both masculine and feminine.

1.4.4. -§° -OT is the co-ordinating suffix. This is added to each andevery word, that are combined as in

o, roouxsjio 'Sukumaran and Radha'

1.4.5. n jomo ^ r as in the context

is used to enquire the opinion, reason etc.

1.4.6. In the sentence <TO>KB° n^mofto traôjgj, not that

is added to the interrogative word <sra>roju sm andthe sentence will be in the negative.

1.4.7. Note the usage of the words ^D&Po I^HW and ^ e j 3 ^wrrboth meaning 'all/every'. ^ £ P o it^rnr is used after a noun asin oDUffifflggjoo qrqs^rm and ^ f t p ?WT before a noun withthe addition of - g° - ^ to that noun as in < j)&P ôit&go

'all rooms', ^ e j o i?wrr functions like an adjective.

1 .4 .8 . The word meaning of isroGtyooo arafo^ is 'that time.' It is often usedin the beginning or middle of sentences during conversations not inits literal meaning, but as an utterance initiator, connector, etc.Look at the example from the lesson.

Are children also your company ?

77

1.4.9. The suffix -&>o(l> -^nr is used to derive nouns from othernouns. Note the following examples from the lesson -cr>o§ca,orocia- idd<t>i<<T 'man from the place' mo^caoroi îdd+iR 'woman fromthe place' and cno§ca>o(& niid+K 'people from the place'

Please note that in the above examples -<™<$> -3PT is the masculinesuffix, -go -^ is the feminine suffix and common gender pluralis zero, i.e., not indicated separately as in

1.4.10. -omci5.> soioroaôrooft

•t'K'i t5*

+KH r> Hldd+KH

UNIT 1

LESSON 5

CONVERSATION

: srogj .

csoosrro".

i

maicojogo ej<ft>°jaJO(?i

aptfta,

Are all these yourbooks?

No. This is my eldersister's library.

My elder sister is aMalay alam Lecturer.

So, are all these Mal?-yalam books?

78

79

gDS>fi5>OS)c9a C(D0OJ£g<ft>go,

Not all. Those areall English poems.

Are they only poems ?

Yes. They are allpoems.

But these are novels,stories, and criticisms.

(3TO6>«r>.

aOOfDo .

Isn't your elder sisteralso a writer ?

Yes. But she is not apoetess.

She is a story writer.

This is my 'elder sister'sshort story collection.

What is its name?

(arof®

<g)(tn1

Memories of a daydream.

Is it her best book?

No. It is not thatbad either.

QODOOJ Her best work is a"novel.

80

(SaJ«B°.

cnnomoro" : rarogj. ra)S)onr>.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drilla . 1 . g x u n-jcru°t!J)<a)6W3gosnsu.

. 2 . (BTOOJ tft>LDOoru[BOanoro6in3g06nd0

3.

4.

5 . (sraoutS

6. (Siooj (sonoojeja>§o

B. Pronunciation Practice1 . C.aJ.aj'lOSJ>6>S > •

Which is that book?

The name of this bookis 'beauty of red\

Is that a politicalnovel?

No. It is a Socialnovel'. .

It is a love story.

The hero is a Soldier.

That's all.

81

rooj1s>s

orora>i6>s

2 . <9>aj1«r> _|_ cruiDOaooroo >•

3. iBejcoiogo _}- CDOS

-4- ^JTs" •>"

B. Build up drill

Model

ALDO

9—3 CILL/80

' : ? • ; • • • ," ;<• •»• • •

<&LD00rO(B0aO0tD6i5T3§0Srroo

oÔOCljo

o ngjooojo (ft.Lnooru!aaa.ooros!5Bgo6na0

|D(U6)C!Q)06)aS)

gDOJ6)CQ)06>c9«)

aoofOfflSB

. 2.

83:

iOf03!BO6TTO .

I

C. Substitution drill1 . (BTOOJ 6VOJO1CB)

cfl>LQ<ft>Oo

2.

CT)COtD6!5BOo

3 . (BT02§° (BTO(U(336)S <fl.aj1(tr>(3Q)0SrTDo.


Model-1

gooj

1,

2.

3 . tgragp'

4 . emoaiejosno".

5 . (Bragg"

Model-2

3f«R"

2. oraogano

3 - (BTOOOJOOa

34

I

4 . oTOcuoo stmswagsis

5 .

- i . . •••

E. T r a n s f o r m a t i o n dr i l l

M o d e l ... . ;•••;.

1 . orarijrS OJEJICOJ

2 . cmaegnyô cng j

3f|o

3 . «DC1J

5 . (HT9)

EXERCISES

I a. Comb'"ie the following. •

1. A,iD - j- mow&rib

2 . cft>LOOcft)Oro1 _(_ tar^srro" -J- s o

3 . mcoroo _)_ fsra>srwo _(-

4 . n ruogg _j_ (Efrajsrro"

86

<a>1cr>oaju

— €030(01

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

b. Write the contracted forms.

2.

3. roosiayas

4.

5.

II Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given for eachsentence.

1 . gDOje>CS)06>t96> OOgJ

2 . "• 0. C<feLDOcft.O;0i )

3 . tsrooj (ST3o§an(0tij>i6)oar) cng j

4 . CSIBOJlft (3T9)(036>S

5. ai<ft.cnosna0

? (s

87

6.

1. r^gooajo ajnnicsj) detail (BTD«j>06rTOu. (raraogano)1;


1 . CT>i6t5T3<361S

2 . (OTEJCrU-DOCDo ra^f01O6TT0° ' ?

3 . c9>ffl£jcsjj6>s n-j«j)TcQi thrall 6S«B €9>cij1f!nooroai0fvoofao

4 . tsrocsjjooo n^)S)oio cuejTcG)

5 . rara^"

6 . f3i

3TT

7.

IV Rewrite the sentences using the plural forms of the pronouns andnouns.

2. oranjoi

3 . tBTOOJOo 6TO>60Bg6>S

4 . (ato@u ajgfflfo m g j a>LD0O)osnau

5. caracuofl

6.

7.

cra(rajaioo6rno ?

far/ ^ra^pift ?

V Construct as many sentences as possible using the table given. Useappropriate forms of the given words.

27ml

T;:(BT0cuct3

O J E J T C Q )

rOJSOfD

<DOS°

(CQOltlo

^ *

(STOgJ

VOCABULARY

'library'

'lecturer'

'elder sister's'

bpoks'

89

'these' (proximate neuter pronoun' plural) <vi:\)

,<BTOOI 'those' (remote neuter pronoun plural)it- it:,-

a>ojTro>cft>oo 'poems'

'novels'

'criticism'

'writer' (she) femine

<ft.LQo<ft.oro1 ' s t o r y w r i t e r '

'collection'

'day time'

'memories'

(SlBOC/Oo

o 'red'

'only, just'

'stories'

'books'

'poetess'

'short story'

n_ic9>(aS<96>'lmooj0 ' d a y d r e a m '

'dream'

nÔOOJo 'of all'

'work',. . . . , . •

" 'beauty' •

'politics' (noun), raooiiusTc!Q) 'po'.iticr.l' (adjective)

'that which concerns society'

'love'story'

oj§og,fl6)0(oa8 'soldier'

COOOQJAOIJ 'hero '

'that much*

90

NOTES

1 • 5.1. More pronouns and plural forms are introduced in <Bra>6nDu

sentences.1.5.2. The pronouns introduced are m™ ^ and «sw are the proximate

and remote neuter plural pronouns Please note that in Malayalamthe use of neuter plural pronouns is infrequent. They will beusual ly s u b s t i t u t e d b y g2s>ra>offl<9«> s a r ' W a n d (3roe>ro>06><3<3 sm'k^'

o r ôj6>os)gyoo ( cRf?5iT»r) a n d

e.g. IS0-1 mBA n-40^<a>6i5isgosrro0.

These are good books.

1.5.3. Note the Saridhi changes that take place when plural suffixps is added to -0™° -snr ending nouns.

<l_l§6IDo - |- —c

-f- —cftoo > cDcnro65eoo

1.5.4. When -sro -ar ending nouns enter into compounds -«» -31 becomes.-(519) -30

e.g.

1.5.5. Note the way certain forms are contracted.

rocul > racuTsis

1.5.6. The word nfljooajo TT^T is used as an intensifier indicating the; superlative degree. . ;

UNIT 1

LESSON 6

CONVERSATION

: marges

aiotuajni :

eororoVlcffl igonuonruocniaonS.

cruomiDoemo ?

What is the full nameof our Institute?

Bharatiya BhasaSamsthan:

Do you mean Sams-than?

sotonn'lc£!jeonii<ft,gs)s G<ft>(g3cnifiooj Yes. Tha t means i t

is the Central Insti-tute of Indian Langu-ages.

91

92

i<!itti(awiT ?

n^)6)obo (SrurtB oruo^g. r^jcmosno0.

StSlOCfb 63f33

sroioab an

nyi60T3j36>s mejoaogo crooA

WT 133/ Îd

mosu

CTUO(?> SOB

^ srr'? ^ ^

<9iLDO<g)(!jr!jioc6mo ?

(njcruiao

So, are you also aMalayali?

No. I am hot a Mala-yali.

, I am a Malayalamstudent.

My name is Sahu.

I am an Oriya.

I am a Malayali.

My name is Madha-van.

From which placdoes your Malayalamteacher come?

His native place isTrivandrum.

B_it his wife is fromAssam.

She is an artiste.

And our teacher is awriter.

Is he a story writer?

No. He is a famouscritic.

93

mgjooajo

^cd+l<

EXERCISES

I . Combine the following

1 . CT)i6313Oo _)

2 . (Tvy56rr> 4 - —630

3 . camejo - j - —go

4 . 6nJ06aj -)- -go -)- fflcy - ] - -go

5. cnos" -\- .

6.

7 . CDEJCQJOgo - ( - IgOoM

8.

His latest work is'Yesterday, today andtomorrow'.

What abaut your classmates?

We are from differentstates.

I am from Orissa.

My friends are fromMaharashtra, Pun-jab, Gujarat, andAndhra.

94

• 9 . s u f o j a i - L S o 4 - <30 ' •••

1 0 . AgrotS _|_ <9>0( ' i ;

.:.-•••.:••.• ;. ^ r ^ - | - ^ n :

II Fill in the blanks choosing the correct word.

2 . (BTOSgaDo OT)£J

' 3 . g^ srn>f

CDOgcftiOtST

OJgffKO

0)01.9,0(01

95

7 . (SIDOJ6)QQ)OS)c0S)

III Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given for eachsentence.

2.

3 . oryaicsô

5 . raroojeicoofflcM) n_j«nncffl

6 . eaiOQQojisiobo — <Erunsu

7.

©OCJU

4 . fgrogs" 6i(Z53 <SfLjfD06no°. .

IV Fill in the blanks suit.b'y.

1 . CBtD(US)riio (S.aJ.a/1 (nJCTUiaU (BT9)SnDo

2.

96

3.

4 . fflsmiajJo roruiojio <Broa§<ifl(!iTi5>i6>a3o

5.

6.

7.

V Rewrite the sentences using the corresponding feminine gender pro-nouns and nouns.

1 . reroajcid <a>ejOcft>otooD06nou.

2 . raracgoOo (smwôn-\cnosnt>"

3 .

4 . (BTOOJOS ^

SR' ferrfw'j' i5 . (BTOCSgflOo <Se0fLj0ra5e96)0fDCD0Smo.

. 6 . orocuof l nnii i1s'ucno§c9.0(ocr)06rro'J

7 . • raTDajofl nicju,i>(ri-|(i3cgD<a»oromo6rB)"

i.

VI Rewrite the sentences using the plural pronouns and nouns.

1 . gDjS)'" CDCOtDo

2 . (BTDOJClJ aj1Si0(%LDi0Q)0SrTOo

3 . rsroognDo

4 . <3TBgD° CDgj <9>LDCQ)06n»u.

3T?f >T55r W J * I

5. (sracuoo OJEJIOQ)

6.

7. gg (j

^ T f k 3 I W ' I

VII Answer the following.

1 . CDTSOBOO tBT8)(DO6rra" ?

2 . (Di6iJBgCTS (3TO£lJuJ»ffl6)n5o CaJ6VOCTB>O6n!>u ?

3. mi6ai3|s«s nôoajo ojejTco) ^cf toroai (ara)(006r»u ?

4 . CT)i6!5)3|!6>S CTUJOSt/Bo

5.

6.

7.

Give one question each for the following statements.

2 . raiog-). ceiCTVUio rooK6)oSo (aracn1c!D)(oiO)1 orogj.

1 0 - 3 CIIL/M/80

98

3. aa>m§mnj>n«rflo nnejcruoocno

4 .

5.

6. rooooayQS oraam ((xjrrolsu cft>cucsj)ij2)1 (/9On>3CQ>osn!iu

7 . tsrogj. sroisragffls sa&auD&Jo

I

UNIT 2

LESSON 7

ffl6nr)1 0^(2)00)001)1 f

CONVERSATIONcronrfl : gog)" ognnicsi) ojo^jocemo cuocry ?

njoory :

rruraii : rxJfficaai gDO>1tij5 rrumcflJo

n )(TO)C!Q;OCQ)T ?

ojoory : aJtstormp ? r^)S)a5o o j o ^ j i t a i

Is this a "new watch,Vasu?Yes. It is.But the time it showsis wrong.How is that? What isthe time now in yourwatch ?Ten.Is it ten? In my watchit is half past ten now

99

100

croo)1 : (Brecon. aioor\js>oflo

cuocry :

crurofl :

cuocry : nJ6)<&ai

CTVXTDI :

aiocry :

crotml :

cuocry : rsrofflccn, (sra6)co>

OT)6)CTD GSBo.

croccni :

raratb

6)C31OO0

ccjyo

OTUOCJUCT)

cuoory : aff l^ e9si6roi3)aai ?

cronni : soigojo

cuocry :

crocaii : eotsajo.

Yes, it is. Your watchis half an hour fast.

In that case even ouroffice clock is wrong.

Yes. Every day it isforty five minutes fast.

But today it is fifteenminutes slow.

How is that? Whattime does it indicatenow?

Nine forty five.

That is also a newclock.

Yes. These are all newthings. But your,watch is better.

This is not my watch.This is my aunty'swatch.

Which aunty? Ramu'smother?

No. Ramu and Damuare my mother's eldersister's children. Rajanis my mother's youngersister's son.

That is O.K. In whichclasses are they now?

Damu and Rajan arein the sixth class andRamu is in the eighth.

And what about youryounger sisters?

101

<ro«n1 : tmaj(b toilers 6>.ojo1a2) c93§1cft.§(sgj ?

motyroi qjoroiejo. cuoory6>aio

ra6n|

eJ06TTOo

ojocry :

oJttJffio (3TD6T5UOo

cr)0ej1ejiB06nao.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

3 . 1 . £D6TT)1

2 . (TUIBOQIo

b . 1 . iB6rr)1 gDSnL-|ooo ecmooo/ l .

2 . CTUlBQQJo ^ (SoJOOo

3 . (B6ID1 ^<SnJ0t3o

4 . rnsmT ^(jnL-joco-

5 . (B6m1 ^CnJOOo OOOeJfOQQ)O0Q)1 .

C.

2.

3.

4.

CTOlBCOo

Aren't they very smallchildren? Both arein the primary school.Rama is in the firstclass and Madhuri isin the third. In whichclasses are your youn-ger brothers andsisters?

All are in the school.The elder one is in theseventh class.' Theyoungest brother Venuis in the second.,Among my youngersisters Padmam is inthe fifth class andMalathi is in thefourth.

102

1 . CT\>G(oojs<OTmi6>a&o oroa/lcocmorS <ru°gb§TejO6TTO

2. ®

3 . CTOT(0)CQ)6)S 00-1.3/1 fliorajo n®s>d&o

4.

2.

3 . 6TQ)63T3§S)S CljT3^0(5LDTcajgiwi fOOSOSo,

4.

5 . n(j)6>nk> ^|cfljoro1a)g1ra5 rocE soiorucxiiiejo, roooo

6 . (Bi9<sgnn(0ro)1s)aJo

f. Pronunciation Practice

2.(B6ID1

<63§1

3. aie/lcoum >•

B. Build up drill

Model

V

1 0 3 ..'•

IDSmi gOCra-jOCo r j)(2)CS2)OC!Q)T ?

1 . rsrôa/l.

2 .

cacy

630n£iToro1fejo gogcai

SO15 oorLQicruTejo, gDgooj (stocnioQjni OMJ crou^g1ejffiosnB''

aot§ aoruDicruiego, ^ § c o taroooicoJciS

soi?

SOl?

(BTDmicoinb meg oro°^g1ajiB06nou.

C. Substitution drill650fD0CQ)1.

cnoej"(BT06T3U"

104

2 . gDOnJOOa iiifimi (ataiffiOcftoejoaDi.

3 . gDOjyooo mami

v (BTDSGSJrt)

4 . QOJ6TTO

cnoaioo

5.

6.


raroaioi

1.

2. (aroojoa

o i l 3 0(5 LOI a>gas

(8TaCT)1CB)rfflO(!!36)S

105

Model 2

1 . rsrag)" oio.ajosna0.

2 . <[Dg>o cÔeeaoano

3 . (STOg)" CSaJ(OO6rTD°.

Model 3

1.

2 . rsragD" oj§smai06nao,

3 . rara^" cruo<jucD£BO6nro°

Model 4

1 . (STOOJOo

2 . (STOOJOo (3T9(BIl0QJ0STTOo.

3 . taraoj-co eoro^csyosni)0.


Model

2. raocu a

" 3 . ifljfflej

4. gggg"

5.

106

F. Response drill '

Model

rarogj. og)S)ctbo cuo.a/l6>ej ciruaiocyo swrnoogj.

1 . cnioo&o (aram

2 . aJocTvrulanJo raraixJu£ia)6)oao (stocnicxyaBOfairaa

3 . cnnomcruieabo

4 . gD6X0)06>t96> nJlPCSl)

5 . coinriSo oôoojo gagoo; carocniaycrao

EXERCISES

Write the contracted fonps for the following words.

1.2.3.4.5.6.

II Fill up the blanks selecting the correct word out of the given choice.

2 . CrorOgayCTS C/aoroS 6SfDCJO^0nj1<fti0Q)06TTOo

3 . . s oacTUDejo a n s 6>IIJO1OQ) (^QOcDmosna0. ((3io(8§rLOfl5Tmi6)oSo

(BTOCgnOo)

5 . Cni65Bg6)S

6,

107

III Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given, for eachsentence.

2.

3.

4 . coisrronjifflnSo — oicy nîfljOo ôoro ie josno 0 ?

5 . ro>ejcrunocT)o ens aiejicsD cncflromocsmo ? .

6. csujgnft roo^rugj. (&>&(ti&y

IV Fill in the blanks suitably.

1 . fflSmi SDGnJOOo <&>0<ti& (3Ta>CQ)1 .

2 . tsreoryooo OJOÔ s>rtnoooe6mo ?

3. <TU03Q mejoojogo

4.

5.

6 . CnifflOSo (3T0CT)1CQ)COo aCTDOo !— (ai3)C86IT)O ?


1 . (3TD6KOT.

2.

3.

4 . 6Wisoi3§6>s <936roro)ffiiB0(j)6)s (BsoejiofMciejo so*lcroco)1ejosnsu.

5 . (j) ^ ^ g ) §

6 . aicju^tryGSuoiswSo rmejorujDOcno ceonJoejosna"

VI Rewrite the following sentences using the plural form of the underlinednouns and pronouns.

1 . <3rogDu t raorosa j jos <ft>oj1«n

108

5, (stags0

6. <s®)6rtt>"

VII Answer the following questions with reference to the conversation.

1 : (STa)f336)S aj0.gJ06TTOo OLJIOTIOQ; O J O ^ j " ?

2 . crorm1o£i6>s csromTconsimiiBOfS

3 . 63Onn°lcru° <EÔ<B«>T(OJ nrumccuc.

4 . OJoarvnjTs)o3o O J O ^ J " n{j)(fa

5 . roossni t3Tdiroo6no0?

6 . QJOcryojiswiSo ^ g a a (3Tacn1ccy6)a3o csrunrocnnosrra0 ?

VOCABULARY

(819(0

000100)601300

'watch'

'time'

.'mistake'

'how', 'in which manner'

'time'

'now'

'ten'

'half

'fast'

'then', 'in that case'

'three fourth'

'hour'

.'office'

'clock'

'quarter', 'one fourth'

'slow'

'things' •

109

OJejiOQJffiffl

f&<96)Oo

(T>6Tl§(Sri-K!Bo

OtOSEUOo

NOTES

'better'

'mother's younger sister or father'syounger brother's wife'

'mother's elder sister, or father's elderbrother's wife'

'sons and daughters'

'sixth'

'eight'

'very' ' .

'both persons'

'primary school'

'in first'

'in second'

'elder person'

'person')

'fifth'

'in fourth'

2.7.1. In this lesson (sa,smu sentences are expanded by cardinal and'ordinal numerals and locative case -§D«&.

c\Q)6)cibo ojo^jTrab ajfl3TC3)(o (Bid>QQJcgyo. i n m y w a t c h it is 10.30.

igpTOToojooo n^yoo ôcrxfiBJosra". The e lder one is in the

seventh class.

2.7.2. The suffix -s><* indicates location. Note the way it is added.

2:7-3. Note that for enquiring the time the words <®(® 'how much, howmany' and "DS®" 'what' are used. The verb used is far co/l 'became'.When the divisions of an hour are to be expressed fractions of half,three fourth and quarter are used as given below.

110

CLJ@© U 'ten'

tij<i<!iro>ffco<!j5 . 'quarter past ten'

'quarter to eleven'

'half past ten'

2.7.4. In the above examples please note that when

2-7.5I:

2.7.6.

2.7.7.

2.7.8.

2.7.9.

and areadded, the particle- <> hasto be added to the whole number whereas

is added directly.

The ordinal numerals are derived by the addition of suflix-r3ia>° tothe basic cardinals. This is added to the interrogative also.

SODOO 'first'65010 'one -

'two'

'how much'

'second'

'which in the series'

The word o«<sgyo is added to any sentence when the speaker wantst6 convey that the idea is accepted by all or that it is taken for grantedthat the listener is also convinced about the idea.

ajjsinbo oio.gj'lcoa njfljrmra (3«)0Q)ffigjo. 'It is 1 0 . 3 0 in m y watch' .

Also note t h a t when otac^jo is added to <sra>02/l the final ' S 1 3 ' of<ma)«ifl is lost, (srajoo/l _|_ raraegjo >•

As observed in the wordsc®o(b 'younger brothers' theis added only to human nouns.

'younger sisters',is a plural marker which

Note the contraction of the genitive case form of nouns as in(ooâ/l s>ri5o >• roo(g6iobo

OTOfi51°l6>S

as in <06n§eru(mo 'both persons'means person. But thiscannot be used independently. It has to be preceded by anumeral adjective other than ®<® or the interrogative word <MD<© orintehsifiers like cugero which again indicates the number of- people.

. 'how many persons'

- 'two persons'

Ill"

2.7.10. Note that in Malayalam, when two persons are conversing, the use ofpersonal name instead of the second person pronoun is quite fre-quently and naturally used as in the examples from the lesson.

raroro

n_upce> njo^msxrn ceso.

In both the sentences the names refer to the second person.

2.7-11. ravisiro is another intensifier added before adjectives to indicate- decrease in quality or quantity.

ratf 6>co s>.oJoiQa> ' t o o smal l '

OJS>CQJ 'too old'

UNIT 2

LESSON 8

OJisu.

CONVERSATION

OJ*I§U t/Docro>1cncno1«j5 ruro>1s)ooo M y house is on t h

amoo onoufft eoonju1ejo6rra°. oj°l|or)mj(?> eleventh road i n S a n t i

nagar. House num-ber is thirteen.

Where is your father'syounger brother'shouse? Isn't that alsoin Santinagar?

6rra°? TOÔ oaofnn1mcno1ro3(iJii5)6)onDC!Q)(8gj ?

112

113

cnnomorv)" : (gragg

ojaorJ

eoocu/lraS

oj°ls<&>sosrrou.

af\soemv<)

mnosrn"

oj£j1oa>ajccaoo, ratauffio It isn't just that . My

father's elder brother'sOJT§ igtmraa and myuncle's houses

6toi6!ji3gs)s are also there. Onthat road the housesfrom twelvth tofifteenth belong to ourrelatives.

Which is your father'syounger brother'shouse? Isn't . hishouse number 12?

Yes. Father's youn-ger brother's house ison the left side of ourhouse.

cu1§u.

raragj.

<scr>>p0rruo1.

6ra)6Bi3j36>s (swflaioaj6iabo

the fifteentha Nursery

: onu

6><a.§1s(3roi1ej06nou

Isn'thouseSchool?No. That is ouruncle's house. Itis opposite to ourhouse. Father's elderbrother's house is onour right side. That isthe fourteenth house.

Who is (there) in theseventeenth house?

An advocate. Theeighteenth and nine-teenth (buildings) areprovision stores. Thewheat mill (flour mill)and the tailoring shopare in the twentiethbuilding.

11—3 CIIL/M/80

114

gD6M!nos><9«v CTOIOOI §Do(o_)e oju6naabcjaj0t!BS)s A r e t h e s e h o u s e s bu i l t .

? by the city improve-ment (board)?

cnnomoro" .: <BTD£J. (graojrtsas anioejo aJiQajsnsoo cncnjci No. their land startscB«nejosrrou. .from the twelvth

Road.

(3torui6>s6)CQ)06)<9«) n_i6m<fl«>oro36>s o_i1§cft>6j06nrao. The h o u s e s t h e r e

? belong to the richpeople. Don't they?

OJGJIQQJ gGQ oc/xTUiiicfflotTB Yes. All belons to

g>a31yx/xTu£)<ft>§Gsaj)ci oj"l§cft)go5rrau. big officers. Thosear1§<9>§06rrau. are of three types.

•a:.

crtnomoru";: raroewm.* €9>g<§)QS)s a j i^morut i

ogroxoi ôjKsnni «a5nj<iDaj6>ro From the twentyfirst(sraqrummi to the thirtyninthn^fcumo houses are of the 'A '

6>ro)OfflDDooiS6)<OTB) ojigojnro type. From the for-6'f>ogpg)oo1 amra tieth to the sixty ninth

6>crvinJo(5. the houses belong tothe 'B' type. Fromthe seventieth to ' theninetieth the housesare of ' C type. Fromthe ninetyfirst to thehundredth buildingis the shopping centre.

Aren't the houses ofthe Collector and theCommissioner alsothere?

Yes. Collector's housenumber is fiftyseven.Its name is 'Kirthi'(fame).

115

Gommissioner is insno". (Brag)0 (3io(B§i-if)(wra)Tff)o5o CTOJCTOIO t h e e ightyf i rs t h o u s e .

cutsgy. cuosrfhnLtfsosna". That is not his ownhouse. It is a rentedhouse.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a. 1. o-i(2B)6ngoiB6)(i5t;n O J 1 § " c u e / t o OJISOCTTB".

2. nJtmiffims'OiiisxOTn sica.§1so a«B

3. cgrxjfaiofflsxwro) ojisôtSixiT raomcnosrra0

1 . fooneoffiffiraiw cgoicsiiirai oras GCU)Oc§>oosrTO

2.

3.

c. Pronunciation Practice

iB(jgaj1s)nSo_j-go-|-cojfflrrooji6)n3o_)-go

ag)6>frio_j_go-j_CT)Ts)o3o_(_go

«a>eja2)6>s-)-go-)-fDnj1c3j)6>s-)-go >•

B. Build up drill

Model

3.

(ffI5)6TT0u.

OulS>CH)

* l u i i i ora>6nou-

ffl<a>cno6rac.

crucogcsjjffls Cajgoofio (BTOtu oaj<fl3S)CTbo

-cnosna".

2.

ajl§1ej06rto°


Model 1

117

gong" ro6ngO!B6W!jnn c u T s o s n a " .

eftClji (0)00)06179°.

(3TDfJoJf!D0lIlS>(0tB(

CTd)f)0IB5>raT!I)

2.

Model 2

rrajool acrr»°

5)<9>§Ts®O6rro°.

1 . °ggD


ModeM

2 . OOJ1OQ)6IS CQOICQJSIS rocnjrb

Model 2

2.

E. Response drill

Model

g ^ ^ ^ . 9

snnocib a^)S>a5o

1 . ^ ^ " CT)i6!Jt3gS)S

2.

EXERCISES

I Combine and write the contracted forms.

2.

3.

4 . m<vcu1«aao-|_go-j-aroro§0S2)6)s-|-go

5.

119

II Fill in the blanks selecting the correct word from the choice given.

1 . cn1s)n3o — orxn j f l 'nQ)<gs)<wo6nb" "> ( a j l s i r a i , c u T | , ' o j i a s o )

2 . cft>o_i1«n ojgsiro m ^ j cSjO-Tlroiarafirra0 (<Bra>oo(£i6i(!snn,

3 . csronjtft GoJtmo CDgj t9>§ncft)§p6nrou (roffneitoS, rosnf

3 . <DT m i s i n i o (

5 . oTDoiraigjOo rue / loo ; ojT§eft>g06rrao.

, c/oocT3>1mcr)o1ra^.,

III Fill in the blanks suitably.

2. m l arflsxTtdo (siigj&dbo ' iuajmosnDu ?

3. OJ°1§O ojgfflro OJH/ICQJ

4.

5.

IV Rewrite the given sentences following the model.

Model

2 . ag)S)fiJo njayce,(!jro)1s)aJo cr)onj(S aa>bo1fDsn§06rrou.

3.

4.

5.

V Respond to the following questions.

2.

3. (Dieragns cul§i6)nJo gDsgjEsaiw)g!0)u <a>soo;o(S6mo .• '; \'ii'p (

120

4 .

5.

6 . ODisragas ôcroiraJ ssomomfflrotm OJ1S,JO(SLQ1

7. or>i6!rs<3s>s OJ°)§° orojcwi

8. oni6SBgs)S OJT§° a ie j io

9 . misWSgSIS OJTS° aJ§6m<3T0>1 ai0(E6TD0

10.

VI . Give one question each for the following statements.

1 . fSiDSinn. snnooft

2 .

3. mtsgj.

4 .

5.

6. oragj. o ra^ u (araegnntOTmiwoflo cnunmo o j i s g j , OLjos<9>ajTso6no°.

VII Answer the following questions with reference to the conversation.

2 . c/aocnnimcnolob

3. <a>§<g>Q6is cuTg

4 . ca>aiB°l(j QS)S OJ1§U crujrroio aifsotEemo ?

5. ooocRnicncooTsiej cco3anrrijii1g_) o,

6.

VOCABULARY

ojn§u 'house'

cnauA 'number'

'road'

'thirteen'

121

a(j)afiS)S

o_J($T(J>Sn30CE)6V!5T3)

cons1" orool oru °

6>tft.§1So

'father's younger brother or mother'syounger sister's husband'

'where'

'father's elder brother or mother'selder sister's husband'

'maternal uncle or father's sister'shusband'

'there'

'twelvth'

'from'

'fifteenth'

'to'

'relatives'

'leftside'

'nursery school*

'opposite'

'right side'

'fourteenth'

'seventeenth'

'advocete'

'eighteen'

'nineteen'

'goods'

'provision stores'

'building'

'twentieth'

'tailoring shop'

'wheat flour mill'

'city'

122

CrUDEJo

gâôcocrucrmodi

NOTES2.8 .1 .

2.8.2.

'land' '

'people belonging to the board for cityimprovement'

'rich people'

'officers' (ladies)

'sort, kind, type'

'lady officers'

'type'

'twenty one'

'forty'

'thirty nine'

'seventieth'

'sixty nine' •

'ninetieth'

'ninety first'

'hundred'

'shopping centre'

- 'Collector'

'Commissioner'

'fifty seven'

'fame'

eighty first"

'own'

'rent'

All the numerals from eleven to twenty and the numeral patternsupto hundred are introduced.

Numerals from eleven upto eightynine are numeral phrases formedby adding the different forms of rugs)0 such as n-icw>u andas the first or the second constituent to the unit numerals.

)06ED

ostD0110)

n_J 1 SOTi

1 2 3 ' l • • . ' •

twelve ' r-r- \.u '•'•' '

thirty

ojcto)° occurs before ro6nf° to form twelve and n_i«si1 before Q<™" a n donoej" as in njroiiigcrro" ' th i r t een ' and rucoVionoej0 ' four teen ' , <vjfln1o&-before the vowel beginning numera l s except nine as in njnnimsiaj"'fifteen runntmoq" 's ixteen' rurtnifficny" 'seventeen, n_i/mi6>or>|j0 'eigh-teen ' and O-J(5TWU before a n J a j ^ " as in rufflrarcnonSojgD" 'n ineteen ' .Numera l s from twenty to eighty are formed by add ing rucn" as thesecond unit to the basic numera l s one to eight in the following way.

gDra3njgDu ' twenty '

' th ir ty '

' forty'

. <3ron5n_i(3)'' 'fifty' •

- 'sixty'

'seventy'

'eighty'

n-jgHS>° has another form as .nj<ora>1 as seen below.

flajdmnimoej0 'thirtyfour'

mogjtarmiosn?1- -forty two'

Before vowel beginning numerals either d-Karatf. or rums)u is added

)• 'forty one"j J

The word for hundred is ™>Q" and its other forms are <^>oo" and

eg. c r o ^ o o ^ (o r ool n^) | °yhundred and eight '

aa>f)OioD3eju ' hundred and four'

Numera l s from ninetjMo ninety n ine are formed by the addi t ion o f(which becomes siroiosni in sandhi) before

6>ra>3gf Qu 'ninety'

6)r010iflôo^c i r )0e jU 'ninety four '

124

The numerals rowis", <§onra°, cnoej", (smeims", <TOIQC, n$<p°, and<N3)fsu have other forms such as goro-, eg., roofoJ-, rarooi-,

f-. and ri )6nJ as seen in the examples given earlier.

2 . 8 . 3 . F o r m s such, a s n-H2j)6nso<B6><BTO>, nj<m1cTMejoa!6ia$Kn, e tc . , i n d i c a t e

another type of numeral adjective other than the <m° - formssuch as n-Hgsjsnsoo. Generally the. <™>° forms indicate the differenunits as in

sicmoo&ooroêjosm", 'He is in the first class.

ruoo®o6na°. 'This is the first book, (to mean bookfor the first class).

and the - (Bi aisxorat forms denote the sequence in which items occurwithin a unit as in

mtacunJ ecmomerann He is in the first division of particularclass.

g>g§u ssomoms»roiB» o_iooffiosn<)0. This is the first lesson in a particularbook.

But this distinction in the meaning is not always maintainedThere may be an overlap in the usage of b o t h - ^ " . and -in certain cases.

2 . 8 . 4 . Note that in the examples «esffl®n_ic/3rgg°,cuc/3(û though the meaning of location is there, the locativecase marker. - gofo* is not used. It is indicated by I>°-

2 . 8 . 5 . The new interrogative words are n{))r>jis>s 'where' andenquiring the order in the sequence. The form c^n/lGis has othermembers of the paradigm as oroojias 'there' and ÔJTSIS 'here'.

2 .8-6. When particle-§° is added to genitive case forms the final - nffi getslengthened and then the glide <&> comes.

In rapid speech they are contracted as ^Q" forms such asetc.,

UNIT 3

LESSON 9

*3CONVERSATION

er0)6CT3^6)S(D)06rTdt

mooox5 : go's OJ°1§U

: mg_)

ojTsoG6tDo ? i s this your own•house?.

Yes. This is ourhouse.

Very beautiful.

Isn't it too small a.house ?

: gDGfisio? fDjg) «n°ls)ra 6rojo1co) ojT6isocnD!iigj. This one? This is notcu%ca)s>cm. a small house at all. It. is quite a big house-

125

126

anoeno"

•mowcb

aim cn/lo/lroJ

?

Gsctnosrro".

croonc ^ j g n b

(3TO6>rin. orVl6X"r5o <&cbdbQu

•This is not thatbig a house.

m£J <3rJ0Cra This is certainly a bighouse. The plan isalso good. That ismy opinion. Whoseplan is this?

This is my elder bro-ther's plan. He is acivil engineer.

Is this garden alsohis work?

Yes. It is also hisplan. But the workis done by our ser-vants.

«™ Your elder brotheris not only an engi-neer but also alover of arts. Isn't he?

Yes, your comment is6>.njs1<a>«}o &s><36> CS.OJ§S>CT5O very co r r ec t . T h e s e

flowers and plants arehis life.

' • Is this your elder bro-ther's room?

rajas cgo1oo)osrii>u.

(5.9,06mlej06TTD°.

No. This is not my<iaj§ffldSo cgol 0% s)ftns)c9«) elder brother 's. This

j s the guest room.My elder brother's

, room is in that sou-thern corner.

cnionbocnno ? • And yours?

127

CD0CE)f5

6rro°

32)0)3)01 .

nroOgg

cnocoxft

(313) 6>nJOiCH) (319)

flJO

njsi6TOro>oc>eocr)(OTOT06ns0.

My younger sister andI have a room in thenorthern end. Inbetween the two is thehall. The prayerroom.is in the easternside. Opposite to theprayer room is myfather's study.

Behind that?

That is our parent'sbed room.

Whose is that roomin the front?

That small room ? Thatroom is also myfather's. That ismy father's consulta-tion room.

ads COJUO#OO- That is O.K. Yourg<Dono father is a doctor

Nair, where are thekitchen and the dininghalls?

6i6)c9«) Kitchen, dining halland the store roomare all in the westernside.

DRILLS

A. Repetition

2 . fSK3) r*-t

3 . fBTOJS)

drill

joj^cfljo (3TOOj(sofio(ir)06rrou.

(yjoffliOTwi ectSorroosrro".

128

4 . §D<

5 . (SB) igoT t5raaniaj)<ss(!nosrtDu.

6. raw) &oaro

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

B. Build up drill

Model; fST5)(!6TT)O

njsiswrooeo <s<ft.o6m1ej06no°

o ai°l§1rai nôonjo siroxsas) c<a>osrr)1ejO6nsu

, 1.

OJEJIOCU OJ1§O

2 .

or>ffii?ess(!no6na0.

3 . raragj.


Model 1

gDi) C9>OJ1(0> agjcnSonnosno".

• <3Taojro3GSg8u

2 . rara>

12&13—3 CIIL/M/79

130V

3. f&s &oav>°

nrocroOfSftJiwi crftogg0

CTV<B(0(0tB»180ftoû

4 . (Sty o ja i i ca

5.

OOJICSJXSS®"

Model 2

g)gD°

roomcfi

woraa

, ,oJCnug0

oruforru

Model 3

(STO@U g<ssno

< 9 > 1 S < 9 S ) ' • ••' "• '

(Bragg" cft>1s<96> i?o1c!a)06n9or.

6VaJOiOQ)


Model 1 '

2 . OTO^° 6TC»S313IB6)S

3.

4.

132

5 . (stags" mcsia/lctjjws (8nnoe§ooQ>osna0

6.

Model 2

(Bra>

1 . 6 0 9 <&>LO

2 . gD*>

3 . Old)

4 . go's siajoToa; njor^rfbo fBW)(!B<ssfij)06rrou ?

5. «% arts"

E. Response drill

Model

gD<D

1 . (SB) <9jfliTf!n (Sra)(!J3CS(i!)06no0 ?

2. orog

3. goo

4.

5 . <BW(2> ojailoB) ru*l§u

EXERCISES

I Combine the given words and write the contracted forms.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

133

II Fill.in the blanks suitably.

1. gogo" Gaooa§oaDoarn>

2. mt,

3 .

4 .

5.

6.

Ill Respond to the following questions.

1. gggg" minoflo ngrtTy<a>aio<s6mo ?

2 . misBBgas ^§t9)0(oTcsj)(SS(tj)0(56rr)o goi

3 . csraaDosio mi60T3gS)s

4 .

^ 5 . (Fi^ ^ o r r o "

6.

7.

IV Rewrite the following sentences according to the models given.

Model 1

(3Ta)(m0St3106TOo ?

2.

3. gogo"

Model 2

(sra>

1 . gg'D UjCposo n ^ s mo|ca>of!Bcsfaiosrrau ?

134

6nj)6B13<36>S

2 . (319

3 . (3

Model 3

1 . «Dggu o^)6)rftO ai"IS06TTO°.

2 . (3i»gDu

3 . <{DgDo

4.

5.

V Rewrite the sentences in 5 pairs after completing the incomplete onesaccording to the full sentences.

1 . gDgD°

2 . (819^°

3.

4.

5: ,

6. (

7 . Old) n_JCI^c9>6B13Oo

8.

9 . fDCS" (3W6J«B6)S.

10.

VOCABULARY

OT)6B13|l<ESgBo 'OUTS'

eocni 'beauty'

goa 'this' (demonstrative adjective proximate)xvomocnio 'somewhat'

' • • • • • ' • ' ' ' . • i

135

OJSCt9«)

(HTBOOo

<m '17(0(3

eocoiaim"

opinion '••'•'•••:'-

'plan' - ;K

' c i v U ' : '•- : ) i " ' ' • " • • • ; :

'engineer'.

'flower garden'

'work'

'servants'

'lover of arts'

'also'

'comment'

'completely'

'flowers' :

'plants'

'life'

'guests'

'that' (demonstrative adjective remote)

•southern'

'angle, corner'

'there'

'northern'

'end, tip'

'centre' .

'east'

'on the side'

'the prayer and worship room'

'opposite'

reading room'

in the back, behind'

136

'bed room''in the front''consultation room''doctor'

(3ia§c9s>g 'kitchen'g<D6rroq)o1 'dining hall'<fl>ejojo 'store room'nJoi6ronnoQ° 'west'

NOTES

3 . 9 . 1 . Lookjat the forms snn6Bi3gesgDu, e.aj§<scf&og)t', a n d m>^j"naed)oû inthe lesson. These are pronominal predicates formed by addingthe neuter marker —m" to the possessive pronouns. These areused to indicate extra emphasis for possession.

<3TOs>t!n. gra cu1§° 6iOT«n3gesflj>06TTOo. Y e s . T h i s h o u s e i s o u r s .

3.9.2. Note that in most of the cases when —m" is added the final - ® ofthe genitive (possessive) case is lengthened.

g>°!> 6TO>60T3<3GSg§u

3 ^9.3. WF> and <™> are the demonstrative adjectives which are different fromthe demonstrative pronouns a s ° and «n<>Su • These adjectives m<°and <B®> do not change according to the number/gender of thenouns followed.

'this book''these books'

(si?) ©njsnjc&gi 'that girl' <®§ oia)6n5c93§1 'that boy'

3 .9 .4 . einnas", ajs<ea°, A ^ a a 0 , ajsieroroioq" are the terms for directionssouth, north, east, and west. Note that the particle - ^ has .tobe added to make them adjectives as seen below.

>• s)tm(s<9s> 'southern'

> rusQc&ffl 'northern 'o >-<a.is>c<96) 'eastern'

o 'western'

: . ! . • • •

UNIT 3

LESSON 10

( I l l s 0 oJ<PCQ)(0)06rTd°

CONVERSATIONCUICTSSBBCTOO ? How is your new

house?$ CTUOUJOOCTD (uoscejajl^nnsxm. c&o6) |O6><0«v Xt is an ordinary ren-

ajejlc»ra»06rr9o. rus*a&i ted house. It is some

what big. Butcnnomnro" : dâtno njs><aai ? njosa. ^§finejo<s6TT)a ? Why is that 'But'?

Is the rent too much?H)<e»03n9 : w w g j g j . No. The rent is not

that high.

137

138

cu1§

cugfflro

(STOSKOKXTTOo

O(B>0fflcru° : ma&anmAe^l ans

nJ\. n{j)oJ.

. ajgwo mgj

<moj(ms)s «nocuo(i§onoro1ca)ostT)0.

OOO6TOU.

raro^

• : «

iviiii( iiirii

Then what?

That house is old, Mr.Thomas. Doors andwindows are all ofvery old fashion.Those are not at allgood. Even the roomsare very small. Onlythe kitchen is a littlebetter. That is slightlybigger. It is not assmall as the study.

Isn't that at least aconsolation ?

It is not just that, ourgate is also rtew.

That is also good.How much is the rent ?

Ninety

Ninety ? Isn't thatgreatly profitable inthese days? Who isthe owner of the house ?

One Mr. P.N. Menon.He is from Trichur.He is a very fine man.Even his wife is likethat. She is a goodwoman. The housereally belongs to her.That is her share ofLhe family home.

Are they also near tothat?

139

rara&j. (aronj6)rogjOo ratDSSQ cn/loc/)n_i°oj olejo N o . The> aie all in6TW°. onxufiBCTs GQ(03IBC9)O3 (3TatuTs>s 6JRB Singapore. Their son-5)S)(<2_|ajoou cejaucnToojirai a^craio OJEJICOJ in-la% is in a big postgG3ioc/)(oro)1ejosrrau. in some private com-

pany there.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a. 1- tST3)

2. goo

3 . t5i3)

4. ^1)

5. ccoocj ojgs>ro

2.

' 3 . ' croro§o#s>s tft>aj1roi cninnio

B. Build up drill

Model

<Siai1(!n ajgfflto

140

«a>afi«n aigs><r>

1 . disgy.

ajej'ro>§y.

(3»(®

o>i6>cf5o CTOJCTTOO o i l f iac iJo

s u misinio orojamo oi1§1s>oJa

2 . (8Ta>STT9°.

OJg6>fO

15) <&>f»j'l«j)«a>6>gO6><ast cugsira cngjnnasna"

C. Restatement drill

Model 1

c. (8rasu «te

d . raw®0 o-j

e. §o@° 6)-^

f. e©° meg . (B IS^ CTW;

VCO) cft)LOCSD06ni> .

j ica) r»j"lso6na0.

nniooj 6><fl>§1si»06TOo

ejoniSKOTj) a i isosna"

141

Model 2

f3Td)

a. |DOJ njailoo) a><nj1(0i«a>g06rrao.

b. IDCIJ Gvajoico) <a>St9>gO6n9°.

c. WOOJ or>gj

e. (Btaru m g j djccn5>o§65Bgosrn>u

Model 3

2.

cna»is>s

6t3>65Bg6)S

a.

d.e.

D. Response drill

Model

2.

3.

4.

<9>LD

acn»uaror>1

0^)0030(3)06™°.

rugara ongj«noa6mo ?

QOI ajg6x» cngjoiaarra'-'.

ougwra

142

5 . mmqsis njn^<e,6aT3§o cngy<rne§y ?

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks choosing the correct word.

1 . g ) g g u 65(53 n-^crroio§ffiO6na°

2.

3 . 6IS)65t3g6)S OJT§° OJg6)«)

4. j

6.

7.

8 . (3T5) <6JLD

9.

1 0 . (ooaj m<a>no

II Fill in the blanks suitably.

1 . 3)01 6}|jo

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8. (mâBQsmoenb" — — ongj s>id>§1sa ?

9 .

1 0 . cftfogo 6J«B oFoiavixiocniii36n9u. •*• tf. .••»

143

III Answer the following.

3 . §

4 . (3TOgg

5.

6.

7.

IV Give one question each for the following statements.

2.

3.

4 . (3T3S)fiJ1 Sr8>S5I3gS>S (C/JOIE

5.

6.

V Answer the following questions with reference to the conversation.

2.

3 . c3TOoa>06ss>s cuT§ ajspoatznocsmo ?

4.

CQJO6TT&U ?

VOCABULARY

oruoa>oo6m 'ordinary' .

'somewhat' .

'excess, too much'.

. t 'door'

144

-f.aonon>)^

gosôco.

NOTES

3.10.1.

'windpw' " v'. H

•model'

'even a bit, even a little'.

'little'

'at least'

'consolation'

'gate'

'this period'

'profit'

'house owner'

'human being, man'

'woman*

'in reality'

'near'

'family share'

'son-in-law'

'there'

'some'

'job'

Like the pronominal predicates of the previous lesson, this lessonintroduces you to adjectival predicates formed with the adjectivesand the neuter marker-©" emphasising the adjective quality.

<m»> ail §u nj oomasna0. That house is old.

3' 10.2. It may be noted that when the noun is in plural the predicate partcan have either the singular marker-©" or plural marker-f^. Butthe-©" forms are more frequently used.

Those houses are old.

3.10.3. Adjectivesas

145

and 6>-OJO1O» have two kinds of predicate formsand, 6vajo1oa)g>u and, svoJQg>° respectively.

3.10.4. acnao 'even one' and ®f» 'even little' are used in negativesentences.

3 .10 .5 . Note the sentence ora^" aioooicnmoiajjns caro© orucyoigy. 'That is notas small as the study'. Genitive case followed by owi® indicatescomparison.

. * ; •

* > \ • / •

. ' l i l y U '•

<:M-A . - , „ ' ! rtJi,'.l •::-{•-:-.•• jj,-:,-. !-U.::<r-.••..HVi'jt'ufi-

UNIT 3

LESSON 11

CONVERSATION

6rwoa5

croioaoru"

nnoaicru0

socnôjooi ora)6nau! Mukunda, what alucky man you are!

r )s>abo eoro osjjo Am I alone lucky?Isn't my wife also alucky woman?

raxBO(/acs)6>£jeso. This is not a joke.

(i )6)rt5o eocoô ruiacm (V)&ovbwoG6mo? Is my luck then a joke?

m1s>rt5occ»o, mioinio eoroâjjcsoooio It is not the matter ofeoco<yororts>nao aoîLgy g @ u . your luck or that of

your wife's.

146

147

ojgs)f& cr)gjnjfoo6rtDu.

cnieiobo eocnâuaicsiieaDo?

!

Then what?

it is about your houseowner. What a goodman he is!

gsaorun Not only our landlord but his wife isalso a very ,goodwoman.

That is your luck . Butmy condition? Howmiserable it is!

What is the trouble,Thomas?

(BTDOJOO aasi

(3ra(g)taTcft>gosno0.

SOSD

&w&,ca Our land lord is a^ mgj terrible fellow. His

eco)a>ro1csj)o, anno wife is also not a goodwoman . .She is ahorrible and a stingywoman. Their child-ren are also terriblynaughty.

n_Oej1(31o This is a big joke.

ao£j"lra>[2>s>gj(Bso.

^'<D o j e j i o c ; n_isrT)<9«0o)Q0ff»c9«)

(sejo<fl>roro)'((35

nnsicmcaio. SOB This is not a joke ..nji6>nmcfi)osTTDu. I t is the t ruth.

These house ownersare a real problem.Always rich fellowsare all very cruel andterrible fellows.

Then what do youthink? Are all in thisworld good and great?

rngjajriBc,,

148

c(0>oa>arou: (srasar3s>cns>c&3onraiBgj. a^joriJo <x>o(Qem. Tha t is not my idea.nj6\94i ara>6tn3gs)s gs!BoniD6)nSo (Tojeoojo But our landlord 'sojg6>ro aj*l(onnoQ)06rra°. aionruo ctworjo nature is very bad.nj3s<a> ^§rai fsi^sro" fmscoiogsjs ory(a>o. His trick is t o increase6IOT63BOO oroano^sis nLj«jTij)O(ii6>(!iro) ojostft. the rent every month .<as)3roo6ms>(gs). It seems we are his

tenth tenants.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a 1. ouisjsiBoruooi CUQSKJJ

§S-BCTU£1(5

2 . aJ6rr)ifl«>oroa4

1. cnl a^)^) socnyuocnosm"

2. raraaico g) y

3 . (sraajift ag)(raj eocn^cuonaoraosrra0!

4 . (SB) c8>LQ

5.

. 1 .

2 . a>1s»qJa ojiaôtftini omooocnocno aojenraacuo

3 . csra<wj>o, gacans ojejioa aiTsgj.

1 . SKDSBBOo (BBtSJ)Og6)S aJ(OTU)OlIl6X0TB> aj0S«a»<9S>0fl>0fflmC((B)

2. (awfflflnottB cuejiao)

3 . rewrtnosro0 oôoojo cngj

B. Build up drill

Model

2.

(Bia>G6IDD?

COgJOJIiBo '

ojejics^fiLinBcaoissmo? ' • I

n{j)gJ3ai<Z8(i ODgJOJfiBo, CUai1cSD(lJf33iIiOOSTT)0?

3.


1 . cgraci-ioi cngjcurfl tai^srra0

2 . (BTOOJOo CDgJQJOo (SB)6n!)t'-.

3 . (BiaoJti (3i9)6rra°. •

4 . roocDnao eoaarocmotS

151


M o d e 1 1

OTDOJOo

1.

2 .

3 .

4 . raronjoi gcn>e>(oo5 (3T9)6nau

5. (atacucii a_fi CQ><9«>

6. sraojoJ cngjojni

7. CTOOJOS ajejicffioinJ (3ra)6no°.

Model 2

2 . (graajQciio <33§1<9)O3

3 . mt> S)<ft>§1si> t\g)i<2) nj^coirtnosra" t

4 . raranj^ a^)^3) CDgjajfaosmra" t

5.

E. Response Drill

Model

a. |

152

1 . <araca)O|ss>s

2 . onnoaioruiswiio tmcrrtwdb

3.

4.

5.

n-ism<aoo(ocnasra°]

EXERCISES

I Match the following

A B

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

(BI9) <%L0

(\fl)6KT0O SDSQQJ fflcft>C7Do

mKuaooaao

(BiaCU(33S)S C a J . a / 1

(STOOQJOCo 63(33

• H K X * m0 | &0(0«(T1 3

a.

b.

c.

• d .

e.

f.

ogjlg) cngy(UOD6rrao!

oomoo ^3<TOiej06ri9u.

fl Rewrite the following sentences using the opposite genders of the pro-nouns and nouns.

1 . (BTOCgaDo 63(03 n_l6rot9fi)0O(T)DSna°

2 . (sracuoi 6ra>60i3|i6)s (DD^<ft>3ocD06rrou.

3 . (STOOJCO cuejioo) oj1ta)c9a1oa)06m>".

4 . csamab ana e<xi)&>R>cnoerQu.

5 . (BTOOJtS ayi65l36J6>S

6 . (5T3a2)0gosnau

7.

153

III Rewrite the sentences using the plural nouns and pronouns.

1 . fljn>OJO& r^j)6)Oi5o (D0§e930(DCT)06TD°.

2 . OTOOQJOOo

3 . (BTOOJO

4 . cstoojoS cuaiTcoj

5 . (BTOOJOo

6 . (sranjoo @cQ>s>raiQQ)06no'J.

IV Fill in the blanks suitably.

1 . (BTOG§flOKJ10)T6)n&O n-JflJ>100) GCDOCLJfl^ (519Cgy ?

2 . f5TocoJooo (T)gyojcno6nD°!

3 . aQ)5>a&o r r u n i n n i scomTc!Qjiii06TT)0.

4 . OTDCUf036)S O L T 1 § 6 i S o C5T0BJ.

5 . SDGD°

6 . n )S>Ci5o ^^t9)0f06)Ci3o Olinj"aflltib ORB

7 . (SB) ojoro/lejo jsomejsxiigjoo njgQro (Bia)6rTOu.

9 . (sacucb cuej1cs2J

1 0 . 6TO)65Bg6>S Oji^SfflCniDCQJo OJgSJfD (313)600°

12 .

V Convert the following statements into exclamatory sentences.

1 . mid) raiogjradcBsis cugmro 6Xajq«noerK>u.

2 . rara@u ojgffiro OJS>CS) OJISOSHB".

3 . oracajoco ajgeiro

4 . CBTOOJOO ojgs>ro

5 . o^)S)n5o ^cftoroaS oug6>fD' cngj

154

VI Complete the sentences wherever necessary and rewrite-them in threegroups consisting of three sentences each.

ojej1oa>aj§06m>c.1.

2.

3 . ng)S)0(5o

4 . «Dg»u

5 . <BTOgg°

6 . r*{J)6)Cf&

7 . fDCUc3

8 .

9.

VII Answer the given questions with reference to the conversation.

1. rara)f!B6>s gsaiCTUDCDosrra0 oigsira mgjcucibl

2.

3 . CBB)(!B61S

4.

5.

VOCABULARY

8305,1,01006 'lucky man'

'lucfcy woman'

'lucfc'

a term of address for the male sexto indicate intimacy, inferiority orinformality.

'plight', 'condition'

'that which is pitiable'

'trouble, confusion'

'terrific guy'

•1S5

iDnoo .:.''••' ' g r e a t , b i g ' • v -,:1

•'••• '-'a'-.'-* • • • • • • • * ' < ' s t i n g y w o m a n ' i:'J'"'*'/ '"': .

s ' 1 / f ' m i s c h i e v o u s people "•

'wit, humour' : '

'truth' ' . ' ' ;•. ,

'trouble''cruel people'

'understanding'

crojeoojo 'nature'

'bad'

'every month'

'increase'

'trick'

'year'

NOTES

3 .11 .1 . Differert types of masculine, feminine and plural nouns are intro-duced. As the adjectival predicates are formed with the neuter-2S°, human nouns can also be derived from the adjectives byadding -o->rt>, -OJOS and - ^ respectively for masculine, feminineand plural forms.

m§y<uri5 'he who is good'm§yai©D 'she who is good'oogjojrS 'they who are good'

3.11.2. Note the following paradigms for extra forms of gender triplets.

1. eoo)io 'luck'eocoôjoo3 'lucky man'eocnôjroil 'lucky woman'

'terrible thing''terrible man' ''terrible woman'

156

3. ai1|saicTU£in5 'house owner' (masculine)

dflfsmoruo 'house owner' (feminine)

(gsamniDfij)) (ownership)

In the above nouns note that -(BTO° or-«J> indicates the neuter noun,-OJOCT5 or -ranx* indicates masculine noun, and that-(Uf!n'1 shows-g) or <sw the feminine noun-

3.11.3. The plural nouns are marked by -®ofi>, -m>(b or -<t

cDogc&onjfffiotJ 'men of the place'

,, • cno|a>o(a > 'people of the place"

eoomroA 'terrible people '

•cT>o|cfr,orol<9>©6 ' w o m e n of the p lace '

'mischievous people'

'friends' (masculine)

Note that -®">& indicates common plural and -<*o° denoteseither feminine plural or common plural. But -®o* can indicatemasculine plural, feminine plural or common plural.

'fathers''mothers''doctors'

3.11.4. The interrogative word <VD<S> is used to make an exclamatorysentence.

What a good man your house owner is!

3.11.5. Note the use of the particle crowqo added after certain types ofnouns, indicating repetition or continuity.

iBocroocsnnoQo 'month after month 'nj"l$(srowcio 'house after house 'aloioroodnnocjo 'day after day '

3.11.6. Vocative marker -« cstmonecro

157

3.11.7. Note that the word ^tcnm 'bad' remains the same in adjectival pre-dicate when it is used to indicate neuter, masculine, feminine orplural nouns. •

(Bragg nflamcaioero". That is bad.

ruiamwosrn". He is bad.

.Qj1«[ra>oQ)06rn>0. She is bad.

^jiraimcBioerro". They, are bad.

3.11.8. rara«(@ is added to a sentence to indicate that it is a non-committalstatement and that the speaker is not responsible or not very muchconvinced about the truth of the statement made.

6rai60BOo (Hrotxnogns aj<BTO>o it seems we are his tenth tenants.USKOTB

cngj ajcn iBOKmeis). it is said to be a good book.

' • : • !

: j J - ' 1 . . : i . " " ' X ' • - • ; * ' : ! ! • ' J ; • / i J ' ; : ; j : S / ' ' ; ! ' : ' • ; ' •

' > ' •<•.( • ' . ' " ) . • •

UNIT 4

LESSON 12

CONVERSATION

: ojraii6)cr>G§o ? ojioomooo

ov)Ogg : reros>flr)65T3SKT> ?

Suku, how old areyou?

Eighteen.

Eighteen ? When isthe birthday ?

Last month was mysrmoriJ mogiaiocan 18th. birthday. That

time I was at my places" (BTOOJCJOI How is that? Was it

vacation time for you ?

158

159

<wro&).

(BTO6)(0V.

" caoeji gD^/lss No. That time I was6T3)ooii «&>gfR* 6njcr oorlo1(!>5 not working here. I

was a coolie at theCannanore Bus Stand.

00*1 CT/T6>CT5O n_iiocTT)ogjioro° cnogitoi S o y o u w e r e i n y o u r1 native place for your

birthday. Weren'tyou?

Yes.

croo,'as

c r y * : oroor>1a»°

Or)i6)fl3o

anmouoosvoera"

orv<9> : n^)6)rtio siojoonra orooso, go's

(3TO60BCT)6)(!jro)

So, how was >oufbirthday celebrations?Was it grand?

For you always it isa joke. Poor people'smatters are jokes.Aren't they so?

No, Suku. This is nota joke. It is quiteserious.

mocroo $anoo My dear Sir, till thethird of this month I

sTcucrorae was a porter—thattoo a half starvedman. Some days wewere totally starved.Are the feasts andbirthday celebrations,etc., meant for suchpoor people?

Suku, in this youngage itself you soundphilosophical.

160

njnBcsaoi crura>iisosnB0.

oroewso, nJoojajBOocas" SDHS sTaflro>0

©(is oaonjmoartD". cue/looi ens eoro<>.

. ssirt/l Sir, this is not philcrngjffloio sophy or logic. It is

raifl6i5i36>m the rough reality of*life. Such was myeighteen, years experi-ence. Sir, this life isa curse for the poorpeople. It is a greatburden.

(m>^>iBstoenti o-i1s)om ss"loj1«narv6vjs><E8joo?

ov>1cT)TiE3fij)oto6iJBt5oaaiBosnB0

Then for whom arethe comforts of life?

The comforts are allfor the blackmarke-teers, smugglers andfilm stars. They havedaily parties, feasts,etc.

DRILLS

A.

a 1.

3.. <3mnj5)d&o cummomexma) njiocmogoeneJOoMo

1 . Cn1CD6><36)(2)

2.

2.

3»' mjooioro"

4 . (Tv«fciiioroa8u eoroaio6rTO0

2 . raro@u

3 . gor

ffloorosMorm

161

B. Build up drill

Model

2.

eort»BO6rrau.

cuejicai eoraoi06no0.

nJ0nJS0T3Ooc9Qu SsToj i r tOo 63CS3 Oje/IOQJ S0fD0106rrao

3 . (BT3isrrao. • '


Model 1

14-3 C1IL/M/80

ag)CT)1<e«u

2 .

onicnaa"

6I0)60T3Ooe9ao

(QJI oborui o_|O

oroooiao"

3 . n_ioai63isco<s«u

4 . nijagsj" ^6)(tnocm)o ons

CTU(tn1c9«8u

w

163

raTonon/loro"

6 . (araffignrxoTmina0 crojorwo <D0§1ejpsn?)u

Model 2

. 1 . <fli§1cfl.C»c0Su

(STDSgaOo

<sacti(b

•Stinooi

crurog

cruroggg" agjca-joô ra)mo(/0QQ)O6rro°

i . . . ' i ; 1 . v , . ' ; ••'"'

' ' ' « ' ' • • : - * - r - ' • ' « • •

164

D. Transformation drill

Model 1

OOJUOÔOCfflifiBOfTO.

1 . otDOgoOo oogj csracu^0oJc9>0f)06rroo.

2 . raracaiooo ffloirruoaflejosnD0.

3 . (Boyo/lora0 OQCTTOO crusys)06ni>'J.

4.

5.

Model 2

2 .

3 .

4 . t3raai(& 65RB ongj

5 . (SO)

E. Response drill1 . (8®) croionliB

2.

3 .

4 .

5 . m1ODisroro>oanro

EXERCISES

ecxya>faniocai1ra3<snT)O ?

6DO/)s>S

OTOOJUJI

I Fill up the blanks using the correct form of the word given for eachsentence-

2 . 6TS165I3<36)S gDCTTO° OTSOJCJUl (BTOgJ.

3.

4.

5.

165

6T3>0(U (B»)0Q/lf!Bm8

croBÔDoera"

raw© cue/loo) c/»onj<> ?

II Fill up the blanks suitably.

3.

4.

5 . (ST3)

6.

(3ias)(Tnoff)«e6) —nr- taiB)CQjTciBcrR)»

Ill Answer the following.

0T»i63BOo gDB (TUlBOQJo CTUJOWo

2.

3.

4.

5 . O/I65I3OO < 9 3 § T c 0 « O e j ^ g u (ST0(g)ffi1 fBT3)0Q)1((J3(ECTT)O ?


(319)00/1 (33019.\

2 . aitfierarm momjo cusiro sraionJ rLg)6ia3o arojaraio mo§nejoce)1ro3cn8

3 . (BragjooajiflBrrro. sraionJ ê j ia f i io ranS (srogjocssjidsfrra. sttnoab

<36)OfDmoco)T nBorro.

4 . (5»)0Q)1ra3cno. gocmne j arofiusoacea0 o taa jcu l

5. 6>6>(rLjino1 cruo^g1(a3 ti^mcflo nôoojofD3(TW.

6 . (3racgnf)(!sro)1s)aio (mamaa})6>s COJ«B° rooco

166

Y Frame at least 15 sentences using the table given.

(% i~t \ r*t\ 1 &&

ffiCJOOJ ICTD

(HTD (B S n O C0TO) OR)U

(BTDCTO"

fStOGnJOOo

gormoej

roimotra

taronjtui

OTd)STfi)IJ

f3Td)QQ)1(U3CnD

(319)00)1 (EBGCTTX)

VOCABULARY

1 CTUOOTCTO0

'to you, for you'

'age'

'when'

'previous, that which is past'

'month'

'birthday'

'holiday'

'work'

'at the bus stand'

'coolie'

'celebration'

'that which is grand and majestic'

'to sir, for sir'

'gold, dear'

'date'

'porter'

starved1 man'

(3196513006)010)

(SOJ80CT5)o

OJfftoMo

C/BOnJo

eorOo

<0j fOl 6T31J CT5> c9€> 0 fO 05

r ro i m l aioroiOfDSOBOo

oryffljo

NOTES

4.12.1.

'some, few'

'in the days'

'total starvation' "

'of that sort*

'for the poor people*

'feast'

'this much'

'in the youth itself

'philosophy'

'logic'

'life'

'that which is rough'

'year'

'to whom'

'curse'

'burden'

'black marketeer'

'smuggler'

'film stars'

'comfort'

'party'

Note the use of the interrogative word <D<2) 'how many', liow muchr

to ask one's age. The verb form used is reraioaT and the the nounshould be suffixed with the dative case suffix -<e«o or -§u whichindicates the person who is referred to. •• . ,;

m1m<ea° o jig) OJCQJÔOQII ? How old are you?

4.12.2. Note the pattern of .different nouns when -<£>«" or— £u is suffixed.

COT > 0DitD<9«u

168

6Wi«513Oo> 6I3)S013Oac9So

roocu

4 . 1 2 . 3 . The suffix-a**" or-§° indicates purpose or the beneficiary also.

* 1. o-floonogiicra0 6nnooi I Was in my native' placeonogi&iocaflciBanra. for the birthday

2. crolcr)1iiio(3)ora6in30o<»s)06na0 ag)onrao The daily parties and feastsare for the film stars.

4 .12 .4 . The form (m>w"\cmcm is used to indicate the past tense for theCopula verb (sa>smu.

Jo Last month was my 18th birthday.

For negative copula verb, (sraioo/lflBanro is suffixed to0 ( )or)n<aa° <SKO£J1 That time my job was not here.

BJinBonro. (Then I was not working here).

4 . 1 2 . 5 . Note the use of the words like csrassramsxsrot 'that sort o f and ojtwisxn£pjr&nM6X3TO> 'of 18 years'. By adding -(sraafflrm or - ^ ) , adverb like

'forms are converted to adjective like forms.(STO6TO6XD 'in that manner' mossBmsxm) 'of that sort'

o '18 years' ojfu>1acn| cuAr&iexsm 'of 18 years'

4.12.6. Another interrogative word introduced is n3)(!<tP«o 'when'.

UNIT 4

LESSON 13

CONVERSATION

CDUIQQS gori5(j\}1oo^§1na° a«>1aioc&fi Will tomorrow be a

? holiday for our Insti-tute?

Why?

Isn't tomorrow Onam?

So what?

: cnowg so6miB(sgj ?

169

170

</B0(nr\j1 : (3T&«n1aou

cnamoo

ojaiToQ) Onam is the biggestfestivel of Mala-yalis.

? crxsmos So why do we havea holiday ? We arenot Malayalis.

c/orai. tus)<ea] aej We are not Malayalis.ruisiom, nnofl That is correct. But

C&CTDOJU ôcruic&jcsjo (§roH we are Malayalamoj1s ot&LDicft>go aiejcsDogiajgoona0. students. Then the

majority of the stu-dents in Tamil Classand Kannada Classare Malayalis.

(3T96)f!no6i<96) i/ofoT fu>6>ono, nQ&ti&a croogD. That is agreed, deargdicîoo^g 0 CA^BcruAaâroi Sahu. But doesn't

our Institute belongto the Central Govern-ment?

So what?

gdjroojsxDocnD Onam is not a festival<3rc>gB6)<ft>06rtiu 6i06ms1aicruo cajigs for all the Indians.

croA<es>oro1na0 s v i a j " raregjocoiiroicsso. Therefore Central

Government may nothave a holiday onOnam day.

rus)<&m 2<D cromwo But in Kerala foreverybody there will beten days holidaysduring this period.

Even that is not cor-rect.

Then?

171

OOOI OTUoCYMDOCT)

moi^moem". (STOOJU/1 .

ISO)02)1 ft>1<96!o. (313)00/1 rDRrofl6)nj>0<3g50QQ/lCO

rare)

cruo^Q : STOIOODo

ofuoaQ :mooojrsQs

s>ej

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a 1 . or>O6ig cnaj<Bs" OTSOJCJUT

2 .

3 . CSTB) CrOlDOQJo CT)i6013g6>S

4 .

The state Govern-ment has holidays foronly one or two days.Only the educationalInstitutions will haveten days holidays.In 1968 I was inKerala during theOnam period. Howbeautiful was thegoddess of Natureat that time! DuringOnam time it will beflowering season inKerala.

Sastri, during nextOnam period I toowill be in Kerala.

How is that?

My Malayali friendSadasivan Nair'smarriage is duringthat time. Themarriage will be at theGuruvayur temple inKerala.

rLj<9S>0EJo (3K)gjOOQ)1(OTc9ao.

172

2 . m®> a i* l§ i6>ej rsrajgAnggjOo cugoro

3 . c/B00B)Tar)cr)oi6)ej

4 . §D<D 6)S)ej(gyo1ccyi6)£j <iga\)eft.6W35>ggjOo aigs>fo

1 . r u g © sTajcroa<!rrtj>8aic mai^" (siaajcjul

2 .

3

1 . OiferogroTmimej ^gaBciJOoa^ (b (5toanjej(aro)1«5J

2.

3.

1 . fBra)OQi1ro«ji3)1s)f!j>og§ooQ)1romT!n1

2 . (3rajcs»1ro«jnj)T

3 . tBra>oooQ)1(0(anj)1

B. Transformation drill

Model 1

mo6ig

cnofflg caroajcul !3Tagjooa>1ra1e9ao.

1 . (BTO6)toioro3 OJEJICXD

2 ; ^6)«nora3 ongj 6>e>ej(gryo1

3.

4.

5.

Model 2

1 . rataognrio ongj

173

2.

3. raroorolrru0

4 .

5 .

Model 3

cDuajms

2 . (3KB)

3.

4 . (3tanj6)too6><e6)

5. goô mejcaogo

Model 4

1.

2 . 6T016313gS)S

3 . (3TOOJS)OSO

4 . iB6m1 oriB eajuotjbooca/l

5.


Model

6T3)65I3Q6>S

2 . t o g " nqjsidbo rLjra>1cai

3. mags" cnasjsts

mD. Response drill

Model .

«\, ; - ; u r

o gDO CTO!ECQ)o CT)i6013Oo

2 . goro cfcojirai ooi6israsasnnpcB6rr)o ?

3 . raro§«5to) cuAnMo m1§ar3Oo

4 . cr>1ffljT3<36)s

5 . CTVl6ai3|is>s

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks suitably.

1 . raT05«5TD)Ojf?>niio goB crocncfflo sroiorfl n^)6>oJo

2.

3.

4.

.5.

• 6 . ,

" otmooi

ag)6inbo

(5C\JUO<§>(2>

7 . OTOcm) 6TTj)Od5

8 . <m> cromoaio

9 .

Qsocuoenlcrib

1 0 . (Hraû 6TO)63T3g5)S OTSCTUeJEOoTTD0.

Transform the given sentences to their corresponding past and futureu s i n g rarajCH/lcrBonro a n d <sra>0Q/lra1c9«o.

1 . CBTD6VOTOSB nJtPCQJ

2 . rsragg" (moe§tin(aniiT6io5o orujoroio cnisoeno".

3. raoqcuiwT&o nôoojo cngj c|)(o>T

175

4 . <3roC8,nr><0TB)i6KTao ^fe|<S>0r03o (BO)

5 . (SO) cftiOtDô OJJ36K0 3CQ)CT)T0Q)aiO6nBu

6 . (3TSQQJ0OO O «

Ill Answer the following.

2.

3 . BDflDo eoro«r)ToQJ(33S)ss)CQ)gjO

4 . (3TB)OOlE5)raTi5) C5OiCC»T«! (BEJOOJOgo

5.


2 . rgrasxtn. runjincscnwoo nnicaJroiT 63«>Tnjoc!QjTroT<9eo.

3 . |0tu)0ca)Tra3anro

4 . Gosmt9«)oej^

5.»,»n^nrflo BODOO ôcruTsiej (gTDUJ orLjcfcnS i^T . cnoraooajomciS cDOQo;roocxDif33cna.

V Write in Malayalam words.

1948, 1846, 1967, 1776, 2233, 4118, 8868, 9999, 6543, 1234

VOCABULARY

63*1 QJ° 'holiday, vacation, vacancy'

'speciality, importance '

'Onam, the biggest festival of Kerala '

'so, therefore'

'festival'

'for what, why'

'majority'

'Central Government '

.SO<O<OT1CBC& *:- . ' Indians ' - . .. ...-'.

176

eccmo

(818) 00)1 (POTTOli 6)13)089 000)1 (D!gTO)1

6306m c0«oe jo

(BTO§(OTiJ)

'State Government''one or two'

'educational institutions'

'1968'

'Onam period'

'goddess of nature'

'flowering season'

'next'

'friend'

'marriage'

'temple'

NOTES

4.13.1. ra%srrao sentences are used in future tense. The form <Bra>ca/lro1«eao isused to indicate the future which may be definite or indefinite.

Gc&>rc>(B(UTij>i6>ej jgcsjcuooo) A reracnjejOTrcnicDft T h e m a r r i a g e w i l l b e a t

Guruvayur temple inKerala.

«*T The Central Governmentmay not have a holiday

. • on Onam day.

4.13.2. The interrogative nfl)ora>1az>u is used to enquire the purpose of action.It is used in positive sentences.

mamOo6)c9SKT5>1CT>06TDOJU/l So why do we have aholiday ?

4 . 1 3 . 3 . As noted in the sentence o_i ®a1ojcrua«jra)jaiOQQ)1ra1<eao

'The holidays will be for ten days', the suffix — n$g&° is addedwith time expressions to indicate the target. It is also added tolocation nouns in certain cases as gooiiscsranngsji0, o )aj1so(sro)gsgu

; etc.

in4.13.4. —n® added after locative case indicates that the noun following

that belongs to it.

G<a>rog3(!jnni6>ej reiDcnjejoiin'lraio-i.gj1' At a temple in Kerala.

4.13.5. The form oJadu followed by locative case.—§2<o3 indicates theexact venue of action.

The marriage will be at Guruvayur temple.

" is the verbal participle form of o-iM" 'to keep, to place'. '

4.13.6 Onam aosmo is the biggest festival of Malayalis. It falls in August-September. It can be called a harvest festival, a spring festival .andalso a new year festival. During this period people wear newclothes, make designs With "flowers in the courtyards and childrerlenjoy swinging.

; ' r

. -a L-/?.j

15—3 CIIL/M/80 '

: . ' - . • • . • ' • : • • ; ;

• ' • : $

' . ' : J " , \ y " , •

. • . • • . . • . ; .

UNIT 4

LESSON 14

CONVERSATION

gDttnoOTiro0

oruogD

6>6>e

(arBOg_joco

6>6>£j(gryoi. This is our Library.

as" mejQQiogo oao6><e«)cro)06rra0. What is the word for

library in Malaya-lam?

'Granthasaala'.

Then what about theword 'Vayanasaala?'

» That is a reading room.re6n|o aciDooadoicsao. Sometimes both will

be combined.

178

179

rrooaQ crooti §yo 6)ttv><9>0o±ior>'l(5&

1BOQ SOfD

eooMa>§1fflai

(513) 6)CTUifliootlCl8s>CTU0S)c9«)

6)cro<fljuoMOO'l(!ii

srra 0 . <a>1*c98eocn6)(3Tm

6)Croa>°nll<T)1eJ06in!)0

CTUOgD

6jrmo6rra°

0rO(530C!B)tljn5)i6)0flO

CCT)OOJ(!J&.

Sir, does this entiresection consist ofMalayalam books?No. Only in .theseseven or eight shelvesthere are Malayalambooks.And the rest?From the ninth shelfonwards, there arebooks in other Indianlanguages.Sir, what for are thosenew sections meant?The northern sectionis for the books inforeign languages. Inthe eastern sectionthere are the textbooks, dictionaries,and the encyclopae-dias.Sir, what is this bigbook? Isn't it anovel?Which is that book?What is its title? •'Ummaaccu'.Is it UmmaacculSahu, that is one ofthe best novels inMalayalam. Umma-accu is the name of aMuslim woman. Thatnovel is the story ofthe Malabar Muslimcommunity.

180

(8T96)(5),

croor5

CQ)LDOt&LD

o_n. r ru i .

(2_|cru1st>

cru(%. s i .

rarscg

conorueji

aejcoogorooani

<Hra6ic5i. g

(3tmi6)ej o je j i co ) ex®

©ennocorulo oroaraocno

(3rocoi'ooJ<a.ofl : BOB

iiii.'->,i'::"'-tUi-'..

Is tJmmaaccu theheroine of that novel?

Yes, she is the symbolof agony?

Who is the authorof that book?

Urub.

Urub? What a nameit is!

That is his pen name.cnomccucojo Urub's real name is

P.C. Kuttikkrishnan.He is a famous shortstory writer and anovelist.

Sir, isn't G. SankaraKurup also a Mayala-lam writer?

Yes. He is a greatpoet of modern Mala-yalam. He is a natio-nally famous figure.

What is the reason forhis fame ?

He got the first Gnana-pitha award.

Which book of SankaraKurup won theGhanapitha award?

• sos it was for a collectionof poems. The nameof that book is 'Oota-kkuzhai:

181

VOCABULARY

- 'word'

a j i cssc/aeooa

CT)O0QlT<ft>

(o_J(Z5)Tc£bo

cft>0(06TT)o

rrocanomo

(J/)0OoLQC/aO£J

' reading room' O1CU/I6BBOQ,>

' sometimes' 6Krv&°aaicfo

'the rest, the remaining'

'foreign language'

'text books'

'dictionaries'

'encyclopaedias'

'the best, greatest'

'muslim woman'

'muslim

'heroine'

'symbol'

° 'author of the book'

'pen name'

'library*

'reading room'

'section'j

'modern'

'community'

'pain, agony'

'fame'

'nationally famous'

'reason'

'first, initial'

'gift, prize, award'

•'Gnanapitha award'(The highest literary award in India)

'flute' . . . • • , , ; , . , , , . • .

182

EXERCISES

I Combine the following words using •

C!IJ)S>S -j_a_fl§§0SJ>6>S

° _|-sol croao)1

6) S

II Combine and write the contracted forms.

fOOSgS)OflO-(-tDO<JUO!J)S)S ,

III Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given for each sentence.

3.

183t

4. cnmjfl oi ls" csrajrajcsrooms0 ? (ojnni6>cn|°)

5. 6TB>6!5i3<36>s <^)ro>1(?)aj(/o(isio)06no0 (SO) eor>'S'ucrooT

6 . caj^j°l(SSo <e>a/lr!r><9.oo a i g e x o (

7 . raTo<sgnn«jTij)i6)CT3o nLjnjj<ftio ORB G>.OJO1QQJ CCDOOIEJOSTTO0 .

8.

9 . Ecy (sacustr&o (sa^stcHo a3§1oo)06no" ?

1 0 . (S

1 1 . sro)6W3g6)s o i l s " tsrai®

1 2 . oJ6TT)1ff>CQ)06)c96) 6TO>63T3gS>S

1 3 . Ola. <e>ru1rai rugero (srocgj ? (cngj)

1 4 . Cc&>O6m1eJ06nDu 6TO)6WSgS)S

1 5 . 6T3)6!ji3gs)s ojT|siucniona ojg6>ro

1 6 . (3%

17.

IV Fill in the blanks using the correct form out of the choice given

1;- ra

2.

3.

4.

5. :—RjiioaJtml mi5aau otaojuji

(ôroicfi cgonnoo, ")

6.

7 . m1cr)i6roro)0cm)u oroojcjuicoocsajiciBCTTO?

'• « 184

8 .

9. ' (Bi9Ojn8S)s a j i^saicrunni ans . . (arajsrro0. (eco;sa>roa5, ecB)s>(Oo,,

1 0 . (BT3) c9j§1ca>C» OJgSJO , ( ( D g j f l g 0 , OOgja j tb , (DgJOJOo)

1 1 . . (BI^ <ftLD f0ii6VO • OTOCgJ ? (SOQJCDiOCDc,, SCQKT)T0Q)n%, SCO)ClDl,0Q))

12.

1 3 . roogojiGcfiooQJo -"gbgc&ocoaS eraogosm0.

14.

Rewrite the given sentences replacing om>m" and gogs" with <s®> andchange the other words appropriately.

1 . (grog)" ng)6wflo n_joj,j<aj(B06na

2 . ^ ^ " 6TWRSI3(pS>S

3 . . mraû <gTo§

5 . - 5>d5>06)(96) cruiool

VI Rewrite the sentences replacing <s®>, and Q® with

1 . ^ B <ft.LD

2 . (313) cuT§

3 . raw) c&>s

4 . ^ B (OIDOC/D

5. gos) cnnocj

VII Rewrite as directed.

1. taw) oil §° r^)i® ru»cfi)«n06nao! (Remove the exclamation and rewritethe sentence retaining the same emphatic meaning.)

2. csTonjoJ n<j)6XToo ajiB,iO(%LDit!Q)06nou. (Convert the masculine nouns/pronouns to their corresponding feminine forms.)

185

3. (sroojoi nJ6m<e6)oron5 (3i3)6no0. (Convert the singular nouns to theircorresponding plural forms.)

4. oraajti eocnicunnioojosno". (Convert the feminine nouns/pronouns totheir corresponding masculine forms.) .

5. OTTOOJOO ezwshcolwosrm". (Rewrite the feminine noun and pronounwith their neuter equivalents.)

6. goonra" eraewsooas0 (moajcoioojosrro0. (Rewrite the sentence using the 'past and future of fsra)6™"-) .

7. OIDCTTO" 6TO)OT3<B6)S (cr)O(ii(ara)TaS> ojejica) rarajcsniejonnffiocojirolceao. (Trans-

form into negative.)

8. gog)" cr)i6!5t3gs)s c93§1aj)s>s n_jc7j,jcft.mo6no0. (Transform into a question.)

9. gxm6>ai a®gjoaj(5c9ao <BTOOJUOT _ ? (Fill in the gap suitably.)

. 10 . si?) ALQ cugsxo scsjjmioaffiosnfD". (Rewrite as an exclamatory sentence.)

1 1 . sera nji^0 coi6!5isgcssraiG^) ? (Rewrite using £Dg§°-)

1 2 . (so, dhoflan m j(0)06TTOo. (Substitute the underlined word with four

other words suitably.)

VIII Rewrite the words in related pairs.

5, 6>f!J1c9So, (3TDCD^0n_lca>ffl, 6>.aJQllDu , (CQOUlo , <ft>LD, OJ0S<ft>

(3TD60T36im, g O O j i f f l S , fflCD3CB<ft,6>0fiO, OJSc9a O ,

IX Answer the following.

1 . (BW) OJEjiOOJ OJ1§° CT)i6!513 (BSnnO(SSTT)O ?

2 . CT>1S5I3<B6>S

3.

4.

5. g

6. oni6Bisgs)s ruiormooo

7.

.186

X Give one question each for the following statements.

1 . gDGn-poo agjro1.es"

2 . <BK>6>rtn. a^)

3 . raiogj. (B&) cncnro«JTm1s>ej

. 4 . §09 n j * l§° 5ra)6!sr3g(ss«5iosnB0.

5 . n£)s>a5o /3j1oon_jffloi5o CDAOO atraos qjanoo

6 . raragj. (3WCX2JOOO m g j maaoMioS raragj;

7.

8.

XI Construct 30 sentences using the given table. (Use the different formsof the given words with the case suffixes you studied.)

zogjojiDS

fi^jJ6U36)CD

c n i ^

A § 1

(31^000

oruimi

fOOCU

6raon5

croeroos2o

fDp j

6>^Joi0Q)

scna°

n^rmics;

eofflferoi

(3Y9613U(D

rogjcuoo.

ojiocmooo

^30orou

n j i sôtS LDI

(môô

(CQOlBo

(B61D1

(3ra)C6ID0

(8i3)0Q)1nBcns

(315)00)1 nsecma

(STÎt t i^

(319)00)1 fDi c9«(SIE0

(STOgj 000)1 roiaao

(smôî^cro

fBTDG&J ^

C B T D B J O C G J T fEBGOTDO

CSTD & J 0 QQf\ CD1 c9S (S CE 0

UNIT 5

LESSON 15

CONVERSATION

cnogirai cr)i60Booc9au orujoroio cu1§ Nair, do you own a

house' in your nativetplace?

: @6nfu. OJ1§O, figrooojisajo, m'laici4<96n§u. Yes, we have a house

some land and fields.

Who are all there athome?

Father, mother, bro-thers and sisters.

187

188

<T>ocs2)f& :•

<s<aonori5 :

cnoocwro : gogj

ana

CTUJCTOTO

(BrfbOo.

<T)Oco)ra :

cai6)o

moocwro :

How many brothersdo you have?

An younger brotherand an elder brother.

Don't you have sisters ?

No. I don't have ownsisters. I have acousin. She is myaunty's daughter.

What is your father?

He is occupiedagriculture.

in

gggj

r^)(ra)(Ba(j)a6)(?>

Doesn't he have anyGovernment job ?

No.

Then does he have any •other business alongwith agriculture ?

No.

croJ6)toTOios)<0«) cuoraog Then do you have a lot

of landed property ?

No. We don't havemuch.

How many acres ofland do you have intotal?

We have three and ahalf acres of wet landand then about fiveacres of dry land.

What are the cropsthat you have inthe dry land?

189

Q £g

arm (B£j(06>o'lcB<sro)O§ajcg6rr§u

cuoroogo

<D6n§°.

CD(0T!J)S0T3,

cuorosm

OTUO

cnooa'ti : gDgj. faTosxaioarraaiigj. aJSitftaa, cnjeio

qra>ejoc&)oj.

tara6iro)oro3 ojejica)

DRILLSA. Repetition drill

a. 1.2.3 . <s<e>roj3(!5Rj>'l(33

Tapioca, plantain andpepper. Then wehave about five hun-dred coconut trees.In an one acre plot wehave a vegetable gar-den also.

^Do you have manykinds of vegetablesin that garden?Yes. All ordinaryvegetables like cu-cumber, violet brinjal,lady's finger, pumpkin,ash gourd, brinjal, etcare there.Don't you have tomatoand cabbage?No. We don't havethese things. But wehave got other kindsof vegetables.What are those?Bitter gourd, drum-stick, snake gourd,yam, colocassia,cluster beans, etc.That is a big garden,indeed. You arereally capitalists.There is no doubt.

190

1 . n{j)6)a5o mTB^CTO0 OTOJCWlo

2.

3.

C. 1 . ttVTfflSBoocfls0

2.

3.

d . 1 . CT>i6W30o<9S.CTOJCro>o

2 . <sra> tvjroooiisroraTejo

3 . gDOji6>s (5ta>(5<98o

B. Build up drill

Model

g6TI|o?

CT)TS513g6)S

1-

191


1 . n3)6>riio cTUcsooosrocra0 ens cue/loo) S)6)ej(jnjo1 gang"

CUi 3^0(51X31 <98

2 . CBnOamsTcTO0 OaJ.g/1

CTOQaOOSfOBOBOo

csroam

3- (8% OLj§6m(5tin1ra5 aiaiico) OJ1§<S.OO gesreo ?

4 . (B% rarsi^njroiijvjirai oraogaoronniffloiio caooffigo

cogj

192


Model 1

(Stft.rogRJim1ra3

1 . croTnng^" o-jroiiccy

2 . <BTBQ2)OCOC9SU m g j 6ru1 r r o i on g y 6nf " .

3 . 6ro)KJT3g6)s roiejcnioocn cncnroronniraB- cngj 6)6)ej(gryo1<9)Oo g6n§° .

4.

Model 2

(/oooaiimt/joTraS tsioabnjig OJ°1§<S>OO garr f " .

asocroil mcnoi f f l i raronbaj^ (u1§cft>Oo gcsneo ?

1 . tsraj (0)0(2(010)1 rai atro fficntf^mjol n r u o ^ g 6 n g u .

2 . C A(Og(OT0)1 (S? (JOOOOgo nJ.£y(96>o1(SroTO)0§6013Oo g6T1|u .

3 . foocjuo(ssnj1<9a

4 . OJOCTVOJ1SIO5O

Model 3

masjeis o j ° l § 1 m § ^ © ° «j«gj(o5<e«)s gogj

m i i f l o s aj1§1cT>§gEDo

1 . oJos<s>ojT§1rts5 ajaaoiogo

2 . ag)(T)1<9« cue/Iocy ^|t f t)O(^

3 . 6T0)6013gS)S OJ°l|SfflCrU£l'OOu

4 . (5ia)(!iceffio eocoô gog j .

E. Response drill

Model 1

0Di60T3Oot9ffl°

1 . CT)i63I3Ooaa° o ^ ) © CT0Cnn0e(D60I3Oq g6TT|u

2 . mifioisootBa" fi^)(® co-iooopsr^0 ?

193>

Model 2 :(SO) nj§sTDroiOTirai cuis^cxaLoicDiceiOocaea cngj GriOocjyejcSj'Oo gsaneo ?

§Dg-). OB) njgsmranniraS ojiGyxSLaiaVlcajOoeea cngj Gaoo<5\}ejea.oo

ujoroogo

2.

Model 3fflro3ffi<a>ciDu

6njTa\j1cr)cruu §sn | u .

2.

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks using the appropriate word out of the given choice.

1 . mocjucucra" orujotno (TOGnrw8co1iiior& ? (<D6n|u, gDgj

2 . â i l f f l s ongj cruo^g<ft)Co ? ((3i5)6rR)u, g6n§u, gosreo)

3. <mo(§)(g(Ei' eras rogj oTaj^n-jtoiify0 . (g6n§°, fara,6rra°,

4 . ggi) (T-jo^c93rar!j)1s>ej «ft>LDa)§1roi <ft.ofD^CTfflotrrao . (gang", (Bra>sn8uj

5.- (3TOOJO5 ng)6>ri3o ojisôtSLDi . (rarajsna", g6nfu, gogj)

II Answer the following questions.

1 . cni6Bi3©3c93u arooôoflR$8 fvg)(® aloioruo

2. onm^ffls eororawmniraS n j e j eonu<9aofBo

3. (T>i6osge)s j

4 . or>i6aBOo<sa° orojamo <93§1c9>co googj ?

5 . aVl6BBC»<fl8

16— 3 CIIL/M/80

194

III For the statements given, supply one question each.

1 . (3I56)Rn. a(j)Cn1<dS CT)T6irB|l6)S c9i(l/l(!3> gDojjIDOCTTO".

2.

3 . raragj. (grog) ajoSta>rLilsgj. crujarcno aj1s06n?>o.

4 . «Dgj. erowoBOocea0 ogrocffiisojo,

5 . gsm§". (S<9jfog«5n»1(o5 tuorao§ g

6. ccruonnoJejoajioro0 esoojoejirai ^cr» aiT§6n|o.

IV Using the following table, frame minimum 25 sentences making neces-sary changes in the words given. Sentences should be of all the types*i.e., affirmative, negative and interrogative.

(SlEOaOn^

(sacnA

ooomoo

crft

cuocry

(C/JOIBo

oJ§6rDo

cno§°

oils"

^CUiS)S

nJ»0QJ

6)6)ej(.6HJO1

(E (310) SUB

<ftLD

^§C03O(?I

orouÔo

§6TTSU

rsrogj

g(S6TT30

(3T3)(ESmO

VOCABULARY

gcanso

6rucru)o

'do (you) have, is it available'

'dry land' miejo 'field'

'brothers and sisters'

'sisters'

'relationship'

'mother's younger sister or father'syounger brother's wife'

195

«nno»1flra 'profession, vocation

gjnMin-iemi 'agricultural work'

<saioo 'other'

CKOSJI 'job, work'

6JflBo_tO§u ' a l o t '

nQc9«(5 'acre '

aKffiMfl=(Diej.> 'wet land'

<0*fB3(5 (j9j p e p p e r

n-KTOnerDIIDe cv^" ' about ten to fivehundred trees'

ffl&jdxaol ' v e g e t a b l e '

«&«JKn1ra'l<£>« ' e g g p l a n t '

ammssB 'pumpkin'

(uyroKiKOB 'brinjal'

owoojom&no 'ordinary'

aj.£y<06)ol=m£j<9s>ol 'vegetable'

fom» 'variety'

rajotug^ 'bitter gourd'

oJsaiejflsB 'snake gourd'

Ciucnj0 'colocassia'

j1cn1(araiBfag 'cluster beans'

[email protected] 'capitalists'

N O U S5.15.1 Sentences with verb form '26nic' are

6njToruTcT)QQ}° ' b u s i n e s s '

orujgg" 'landed property'

6KDoninj>o 'totally'

fflro^jicni ' tapioca'

ouo» 'Plantain'

ooiggra1c9« 'cucumber '

nou6nggjj ' lady's finger'

ajonigsjB 'ash gourd '

3)«n£joo£y 'etc. '

roic9«)og1 ' tomato '

3jroi6oi3g^ 'drumstick'

Gnjcn 'yam'

CTUOWIQQ;O 'doubt '

introduced. Unlike the copulaverb <sa>em° which makes an equational sentence, gsng" indicatesexistence, possession or availability.sense that it does not take a tense c

This is a defective verb in the>r mood marker. An f>sn§°

sentence contains a possessor or location indicated by the dativecase and locative case respectively.

1 . r i ^ i ® cruooooarocmortBOTt0 rr>i60>3Oo<9a0 ?

How many brothers do you have ?

196

2.

What crops are there in the land ?

The negative of gsre" is §o§y.

<i^)cr>1cea

I don't have own sisters.

The corresponding interrogatives are gcsnso and g?

Do (you) have any business ?2 . (BVtcuat)" croAtBstoS) (Bsoejiwca'ocnra

Doesn't (he) have any government job ? :

5.15.2 The word cruennoam&TBvo 'brothers and sisters' is common pluralform. oruGnnosrocfl is 'brother' and cnjconosroi is 'sister'.

5.15.3. fflro-ajicDi 'tapioca', <9jra3«§*°''pepper' and 6W5IRIBU 'cocouut palm'are the main cultivations in Kerala, ama/tart is an undergroundstem which is used as a staple food by many a people in' Kerala.Pepper is a vine plant and coconut is a palm tree.

5.15.4. Whenever referring to the number of plants, trees, etc., it is cust-omary to add the word <§§u 'bottom' after the numeral adjective.

Ten to five hundred coconut trees

. ..:;• : . w ' i { , o . i • , : ; • • / • i .• ... ' . . . • • ; . ' • : ' . . : • . ' < • • ' / •;•,

UNIT 5

LESSON 16

ag)<3g>8Q16mo ? cfeOry 1(300)0, .aJOGQMgCQJO ?CONVERSATION

aruog£> : Is there avacant?

room

cruooias0

6ID(.?

.•Joan*"

ecu Yes. We do have.<soiG6mo , OJDSOJIOO What kind of a room

do you need? Doyou want a singleroom or a doubleroom?

For the time beingone single room issufficient. I am alone.

197

198

anno: mo:

cruoag:

(aroga oaroi.

&&><&$>

croogo:

aaao: a>o: oruooiora0

C(U6tT>i>

That is" correct.

Do you have facilitieslike attached bath-room, etc?

Yes. All facilitiesare there.

Do you serve coffee,tea, etc., in the earljrmorning?

Yes. We do serve.What do you need inthe morning everyday? Coffee or tea?

aanoo caisns.

IBO: eaicsne?

oioro>1f0onji6)aj agjcnicss

©S)(0|iii6mTcflao o-ioejo

ocnroo ecusrs.

nJS>cftftl

njainnotaojo ecu

mo:

crooaQi

caro l .

raoai1&i6xaro>

0 0 : oroo(juo«)6n)

fDCU>°C\JUa/l, CS0O8,

a - f l ocm mejc!Q)0g1<a>g6)s

Me? I don'tanything.

want

Don't you want any-thing? Then?

Early morning Idon't need anything. Idon't have the habitof having bed coffee.But I want milk andsome snacks forbreakfast at 8 O'clock.

That is alright.

What do you serve forbreakfast?

The usual snacks willbe there. Idlis, do-sas, puris, upma.Then we have theMalayali specialitem puttu, also.

199

CTUOQD: o4j)cn1<eso o^gjp (sracjDiAo gDc^jmigj. rarogg

6)<9>06n|o ojoiajJo, csocracsjjo oonao ecu

6TT3. gOJUoCU)eji8C3a)3, O-JG§0 IB ( 3 ) 1 .

: mo: 23J8& Oojocjo, a>o1ca><3.>

mra/ l . croo(juo(D6m n^)S)atnos)<es)csiiosrT<)u go

ta.o1.ft.oo?

: mo: <a.o1tft.(sgo?

, tooroo, (sraaiicojrai, «j>Tcxj)(ai, ml

(3ra60T3%)tD

cruoao: cenni, mnni, cooroogo

Cnoo: mo: oranniariio

nJaJSOJo,

CTOOQO: CUg6)(0

C J I J O Q O , <fl>C)1ca>go

(310(513)09(073)1000

(Smew: mo: (SOSXS), O^)CTO)0?

crooao:

cnno: mo: aji6)cmgrooai6nr)o crood?

I don't like oil verymuch. So I don'tneed puri and dosa.Idlis or puttu will do.

Will just rice andcurries be sufficientfor lunch?

Generally whatthe curries like?

are

Do you mean Mala-yalis' curries? Wehave many things likeparippu, sambar,rasam, aviyal, tiiyal,lnilukkupuratti, too-ran, pulisseeri etc.

That is enough. Morethan sufficient.

Every day we havechips, pickles, pappa-ds, curds, gheeand buttermilk alsoalong with that.

Very good. But evenfor supper do youserve only rice andcurries?

Yes. How do. youfeel? Is it not suffi-cient ?

No. That is notsufficient for me.

What else do youwant, Sir?

200

cruoag: aJojoRnmi . raoigj/i o jmicfls ujajosnwi Chappaati. At nightI like chappaatis.

;, aio: aja&M goo/ las •ajn-jororcnicfij'lgjagjo, cruor5. Bu t h e r e we d o n ' tfsra> cnoejqcaairaJ 6MB enrw§<a4 g6ng". have c h a p p a t i s , Sir.

; cnj«B° <9.oiiKs<jL)ora. raratuias groroxsroriSajDyifa In that junct ion there(atB>nooro6>iB06><ss»oe)6ni0. is a hotel. The name

. of that hotel is Kama-dhenu. North Indianfood is available there.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

2 . (noyojina0 rooa/l6>ej

3.

J) 1 . (3TD0Q)0O3t9Qo IBejC3Q)Og1tftig6)S (aWjanOfOo CQJ6TB.

2 . r ruDaooj i r ra 0 g^JSS .ajr i jonjnni srusre.

3 . a^j6)ri3o ^<a.orocrau <m> cuos<a,

1 - n{j)or>1c9su

2 . fDOCJOgg" 6S(!B

1 . fsranSnj^ nj1s^0<5LDicajO3c9su 6Jro<juônJcft>o5

2.

3.

2 . g^Jgf f i " <3T2)<&'98o gn)6n» (SOJ(S6nS?

3 . cniaraoocoa0 esya o-jor^cfl>o cr)os>g

4 . (8T9(lJrB)0«1<mB)1O0o jxJn-jO(OIB)1 S10(!2)o CoJOOfB

201

f 1 . o^jcoicea" nuacejo, .OJOQQXSOGJO mnni.

2. (at9<SgnO(0Tm1a»° OaJDCOO, .aJajDfOTOTieCCWa

3 . fi^)cn1<9au o iTcso , cgoiccftio sorao s o i s r s .

B. Build up drill

Model '

<SCU(S6tT)O 7

3.

raroaiu/l

i ono siaicrofflorm OBOJCJDI

a" raooiicsejcsyo aexuAGcrrxoaio jajn-joratml (snJS6mo?

1 . CB(5)1(IOQ)0?

(BaD0<S§0 IIlf!I)1aCQJO ?

6>.aJOi W (SaDDCSgO fflimi <S CO) 0 ?

g D © S>.aJr>1oa) <SrLD0(S§0 (B«n1 (SQQJO ?

2.

202


a 1 . n^)cn1c9ao roocuiaej njaJnoororaroiTcw ° osot/y

§Dajo°cu>ej1

2 . g ^ j g a " @i56TT)1(T>° CJUOCJO cruocruoQo

3 . oraeoBOoiea0 rgnnloo) qjol cai6TDo.

CnJOfO

1 . roocugg" ^cm(i(0ro)ggo OIDOJOOT ccu6mo.

fficy

CCDOnji

(BTBOJOo

(TOffifOOSSo

Transformation drill

Model 1

og)(T)1c9So c9>0CClJfDi <EnOO(Jêj1fflej flol QOI6TS.

1 . (yjoiBOTraiCTej o i l § u ng)S)aSo cajgaro oaianDo.

2 . a^DgjoajtSceso <5o1c96)§^0 c&giQoiagio CDOQ cronj&foêirago ca i6mo.

3 . ea>0ancr>rrao 6306mflnB)1cro° cstocuufl caj6tDo.

4 . ©omoo ^ o c r o i a e j <d i§1as c u o ^ C O J S I D O . . r -; '«< o , ;

203 x

Model 2 • • • • . . H o i ,

1 . gyDCTDioro mejciyog1cft.g6)s ca>on<ft.cio

2 . gDra3n_ig) cu1si0(5Ln1<a>oo<9«o

3 . orx5<fl68 S)^JO1CSD nj"l§ morn.

4 . <8)§1c9.ooaao (ara

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks using the correct form out of the choice given.

3.

(Goi6rm, COJSTDO, coicsre)

5. crfiOTSooaao .aôenjoimiaDo . ^ D 5>ajo1cxj) OJ1§°

6.

7. o^)CT)1isau roocui6)ej rararoa^fj-j -ajoay . ((DtoiTocojo, ccucsmo, mroVl)

8. IDB fgaQyax, onlsoBgcEsg1-' ? ôrajsna0, oi5)(E6mo, gcsnso)

II Answer the following : (Give positive as well as negative answers whereever applicable.)1 . crfi6tJT3Ood9Su

2. «DI> oiejioo) §

3 . fSW) 6)6>£J(6Tyo1CQ)i0j8

4 . <T>i6SBOo<9Su CgCTTO aa§1c9iOo CnJOCtO?

5. cni6BBgs>s ©3nn1cruQ6>s (stocnTcsDnDo ego aonDirroiti^ caoe/ l <Bai86roo?

Ill Give one question each for the following statements.

2. !3roc§onrtiro)1a9o rooajiaej

3 . OOJSTB. g-ajgj^" o^)cn1aau .aJaJOiannT <soJ6ng.

4. nôniaa" oruiocnico qo awni. erroonS

5 . CaJOro. ag)CT>1<9So (SlDCOSSiq^ AOaJ^ CaJOO.

204

IV , Using the following frame construct at least 25 sentences.

610)6513 Oo

onisoBO,

nrucraoso

anjoejni raoo/lfflej

ail,"

arc*

(SrUOfO

VOCABULARY

fS)fOo

JJJOOB)

'hotel'

'sort, kind'

'double'

'do you want'

'bathroom'

'near'

'early morning'

'tea'

'habit'

'snacks'

cruiocnioo

csocra

vacancy'

'single!

'room

'alone'

'facilities'

'morning'

'coffee'

'bed coffee'

'milk''idli—a rice arid black-gram cake cookedin steam'

'dosa—a rice and blackgram

cooked in oil'

'Puri—a snack made out of wheat'

'upma—a snack with soji'

205

'ordinary' 'special''typical Malayali snack cooked withrice and coconut in steam'

GOJ6IT3

§adSfflu

cft>o1ifl>Oo

GoJOGO)

rroonruorS

mcroo

raToojioaJfaJ

nJEJggo

|)Cn_JfOi

moejcgdsa1'

Notes

5.16.1.

don't want''in the afternoon''curries'

i

'many things''chips''curds''buttermilk'

Soft 'North Indian'

This lesson introduces two i

orocjuicfeo more'

QaJOQ° 'rice'oinni 'sufficient''is not sufficient''a curr> with any type of gram andcoconut''typical South Indian liquid curry withgram base and vegetables''a soup like South Indian curry''a typical Malayali dish with mixedvegetables, coconut, etc.,'a curry made of fried coconut, onion,vegetable, etc.'fried vegetable''a curry made out of curds'cworaogo 'plenty'

nJq_|So 'papads '

6)roqgj ° 'ghee'

(mmnovo 'supper'

'chappatti :—the snack made out ofwheat''junction where four roads meet''kamadhenu—name of a mythologicalcow which used to give whateveryou asked for'(SiJinOOfflo ' f o o d '

pairs of positive-neaative defective verbs.They are

eojem. 'is wanted'aasent 'not wanted'-

206

'sufficient''Not sufficient'

Like spm" (5.15.1) these verbs also when used in sentencestake a dative case.

. • ' I ; - , S

:iv<

UNIT 5

LESSON 17

CTy6HfflOCQ)1«B<8(TDO

«j)oairro6)aio6><a6) Did you like the stay

in our hotel?

oroogo:

6)oJ«SffiOOOOJo

6KSI0)

raoomo?

I liked it very much.or>o§o, mejoo)ogicft)gs)s Generally I like the

oigafo goo^mosrro0. Malayalam land andthe behaviour of theMalayalis.

ranxsjjjooo ouooloo0 goonoaai That is right. How>, gocBoojo Q6)<£K> nv6ijizi3cs2>n d i d y o u f e e l about

yesterday's meals,sleep, etc?

207

208

gocro

~i (BTssxmarmo?

i 0Q>1cTBGmr>o?

<BTO6)ctno6>cas> w>ro1 raisirm.

c99u 6i|<>

OJ1S>S §D^joca)1fiBcnD.

ISfeP There was no trouble<9jgT regarding those things

But this morning therewas some difficultyin taking bath.

What is that? Wasn'tthere any water in thetaps? In this town of

S)OJ ours there is no scarcityof water. There witfbe running water forall the twenty fourhours.

nJ6)<ftai o^cni That is all correct.But I was not well.

rararai So I wanted some hotwater. That was notavailable.

c o o o : mo: craroTcaJosno0 cnjo(S. oruo(juoro6TD

6>OJggo 55RB

: ffio:,

cruooiswibo <9J§1

gocni

cruoft?

• . - " • • • • ? •

' * - V . " '• '

That is right. Usuallynobody likes hot waterhere. All bathe in coldwater.

But I want some hotwater in the morning.One bucket of waterwill do.

From tomorrow on-wards theie will not beany difficulty for you-Before seven in themorning itself therewill be a big bucketof hot water in yourroom. Sir, do youhave any other diffi-culty?

209

SgJ- afiem^s (v4?<9ae-irolc-3j°Q°, mo N o . I liked yoursoJ<9)oT c9)«6)H!O6)<09 O^CDTCSS ojgs)to gonstj boiled rice End nativeffi0CQ/1- curries very much. .

&o: (aroroTTOos'Gmo? What about supper?

a,osictuaDaj1s)ej rar3)nr>oroo ngjcDicBai® gony I d idn ' t like the foodn^^joonninDo r^gfp ajgs>tD ^ at Kamadheiiu. They

gDcrra i raxtfl n )mTca6)1ojTss)iw!j) oro use a lot of oil for

everything. Today on-wards I will have mysupper here.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a 1 . (Bid)

2 . (Bid)

3 . (&i§>

2 . (awoojoooaa" OJT§O

3 . (3T3CQ)OCo<9ffl

2.

1 . 6TOlS3t3O3t9au g a J S f f i " ^Jq-jOOTTO)! COJ6nS.

2.

3.

1 . (EEJOSDOglcSjOoiaS!1' (10)CTT3o CnJOQo , c&iOieSjgo

2 . aiejQejogn<9>03<930 nQ)croo C ^ J O Q O , «9>oT<ft>go

3 . !B£JQQ)3g'lift>Oo<9Su fi JOTTOo CrUOQo , <9jOT<a>go

e 1 . n^)CT)1c9a° gDOjismnjro) (sa<smofo axofl.

3 . ng)O)1caau 6DCI/IS6VOTO>

•17-3CUL/M/80 ;; - ^ ^

210

2 . (Biaca)ooo<9a0 a « s

3 . (STOQQ>ooo,a«0 acoj

g 1

2 , (Biaaiooaa" a |o cuogjooofirtBanra.

3.

B. Expansion drill

Model

gomrs

roocuiaej

rooruioej 6T3i6iJt3gs)s ojlgirai sxuggo

• 2 . (3TOagfioranj)1cwu

CDOS)g6V0tB)O|u

0r>06)g6)(0t3)0|c

211

3 . sl.aj<&

ggn) oromoQ).

s*).ajrb goo nrumaiio

C. Transformation drill

Model 1

1.

2.

3. g

Model 2

<saoo§ej1ns5

1 . orararinos'OTOiifro0 a^)onT(S«

2.

3.

gD(gJ)

Model 3

inioDifflraroioonro" gyD cromwo cnlsim^&s

onoej

cnoeg

gsn|o

0-1*1$ CaJ6TT)o.

oiaiicn) caters.

212

2.

3. aiejcsD0g1f9igs)s

Model 4

csacucbssi" acuers.

rara)G«ejonMRjTO)1cTOu s t m sioJoruQrarm

(3T9)C5"ejooii(OTj)1aou

1 . nj§T6TT)1cSfi)O(S€aau reraianoroo mr tn i .

2 . ' ng)CT)1c9€8u orujomo O J T § inroVI.

Model 5 .

6>cft>§1s(aT!n1cTOu

. 2.

3.

t>. Response drill

Model 1

SiCR

oiT§°

CnJOO.

GnJOfO.

<ft>0f06TT)o?

!• A., 0^)00)0.

c9.ofa^toro)1ra5

? 6)6)nJn_|iK5i

2. A.

e1cucn)6)(!JKJ>

cru<!)<&.ro^«yi3Oo

3 . A. raoo-fl6>ej

213

croooirra0

Model 2

A. a )s»ri5o

B. rarog) carol.

B.

2 .A

coral . nieisoo

3 . A . s i . 03s>fOifl«Qo_j1mocQ;1ro3ono

B. rarorg

B . wrag) t/scsT. (3iD^6><SjO6n§osnD°

Model 3

A.CQ)lf!J3CTTO.

B. !3

1-A.

B.

2.A.

B.

3.A.

B.

COJ6TD0.

ID(2)

OJgSXO

(3TOro>1raoaj1s)ej sonroo cnj6nsocsj>1(TBmj.

oroaoias" '

(3TDaj1s)s

4 . A . (%<mfl}GW<as>fl> a i aoe jo , CDIGJOJO, ajrooaflsnjo g6ng°.

B - <3T!)ffifi-|0Oo croos)oo(w

. j

214

Model 4

A» cn1«tjBCoasc crvuamo orocaoosroimoralogj?

1-A- cni6si3g6>s

2 . A - oroooioro0 orannirooaiiCTej 63cnao acusrsooafiaBQcmol

B . cai6nsocn)1(33onR).

3.A- e

oa)j6iRrro)oat96) ouoroogo gcsneo?

fflns njejioai CSJO^J rgrocffiisojo

4.A-

B-

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks choosing the correct form.ago . (cuogj,

ru.gj6>aj6}6}<!OT)1ejo6TTOlJ.

1.

2.

3 . (DeJCQ)0<3iift>§6)S 6)rUf03®OOOo

OJg6)(0,

4 . rooci/1 HJ6X0W)

5.

Fill in the blanks suitably.1-. CDOg6)Rjro>o§u gDir

2 . (ig)cn1cds)1om6)ej

3 . 6)6>nJfy1«jS 6)OJggo

4. cnos)g sjnsxab

caj6rnffiocoi1ra3(Tra).

(<sci_i<5sns,

215

Ill Answer the following questions.

1. gDcms>ej

2.

3.

4.

5.

IV Expand the given sentences adding three or more words to each sentence1 . r^)(T)1c9

2 . CT)OS)§

3.

4.

5 . OTOGra-jOOo 01(0)1 QQ)OCS2)1(33(TtD.

V Fill in the incomplete dialogues.

1 - A . croooicro" ^ rms>e j §<D6rao, gotssiojo 6i6ic9s> orv6iiiEO0Q)1fiB(somo?

B. gBsmiaof to cBjoraÔTraiEjJ C9]>5)ajffliiiomDia1gjocQ)1nBanra; nj f f laai

2 . A . ODi63BgS)S (j/)oin«jro)T(!j5 ojaiioQ) aiT§cft,s)gos)e9«)C!q)(56rBO?

B. o je j ica)

3 . A . rarormioocuTsiej oroooioro 6>6njojoucsc&>oa£fl cruffi6re?

B. ranxmTroonjisiai n^mieaaoonoo cojsns;

VOCABULARY'stay' 6>njongs>oj 'generally''behaviour' gr>ce«>o 'sleep''fault' 'trouble' rotJaiiwej 'morning''bath' (njoojonruo 'difficulty''tap' ssaomo 'scarcity''unable' ^swoiggo 'hot water''cold/fresh water''from' (aTBrroBc&foô 'inconvenience''bucket' njfaaaiol 'boiled rice''native dish' n®gfR . 'oil'

216

NOTES

5.17.1 In this lesson the defective verbs introduced in lessons 15 and 16are used in their respective past and future tense forms.and <B»>oa>lrai<fl»a, the past and future forms of copula.are added to gsrri". iQg-j, 8cu6rno, <sojsn§,

etc., to indicate respective past and future.

I had some difficulty for bath.

I wanted some hot water.

AM the 24 hours there will be water in the taps.

5.17*2' When the mention of past, future, etc., is made as regards the de-fective verbs snjsmo, gsn§u

; etc., the sentences get different shades ofm e a n i n g as in t h e sentencc^DCT>T<9au <a>o^ ^4§6iajggo ctUbmmoocu'lftBcra.

This sentence may also a mean a polite expression of "it wouldhave been better if I had hot water". The future form can indicatedefinite or dubitative future. As for examplemay mean 'will want' or 'may want'.

5.17.3 Another defective verb introduced in the lesson is <u<&l- It is averb form expressing inability /unwillingness, as the case may be.

1 was not at all well.

. The verb form <uqg) has no positive counterpart.

• : • ' \ > \ • '

UNIT 5 LESSON 18

REVIEW

CONVERSATION

oroo<ign/lorou

? njejicai oros^ rara)CQj1f33iTncgjo.

ag)c./]<9«

6ioejrt0o sie><s& <ft>oT

<fljg06nBo

ora> cnno§ej1ra5

Sahu, uid you likeour style of food?

Of course. It was agrand feast, l likedit very much. Eris-seeri, Pumpkin oo-lan, etc., are all newcurries for me.We don't have thesethings in our Orissa.These were not servedeven in that hotelhere.

217

218

coralQQ)O6rroc. gDaraio6>te«> CTUOOQJOO1GOSO0, That is correct. These

oral® croooooroerD ca,o1 are n o t a s c o m m o n

as that of sambar andaviyal.

Nair, the food in thathotel was alright. Butthere is some othertrouble. Last nightI didn't have any sleepat all. I had a terribleheadache. I was toounwell. Today I feelsomewhat better. Eventhen I need some medi-cine. Do you have

cugsira oncmooffliRBcna. <%js><aai coifflo ogjccroio

a )CDi<9S)1onr)6)ai rooigji ego

cugjororo) ens raiejcojscir).

anything with you ?

fsi8grai6s°6imcT)o ecuaemo,

o^)6)ci!n©>1 e j o

ecucsmo ? Do you want Amrui-tanjan or Vicks?

Anything.

n_fi6>crr> n^6i(msa>Tejo £D§T<a>osyo (saismffloool T h e n y o u m i g h t n e e d

ro1<9So raroGgj ? r^)6)a3o <9><§jTra% crooroicajDOffriS s o m e t a b l e t s a lso. '

§sni". . Don't you? I have• " saridon with me.

croogD : o^)(Di<eau eaj6tig. mi6!5T3g6>s J don't want tablets.Will you always havetablets in stock?

cnoooxS : juiejsirwoeitesv ganeocoiraiaao.

ai6)ra nQcn"lc98o oj<5jaoo)1f03ana.I may have some.

sroo cccyogo Till day before yester-g6n§oc!Q)nfjBarTO. day I too was ill.

I was suffering fromfever and cold forabout a week.

219

gDCLlifflS (3t8§6)(OIB>OCTOo

§6nf° cro&aaoA

fflttB ccujo<§>oosrra tBT960T36icT)0Q)06nao

Don't you have doctorsnear by?

Yes. We do have aGovernment hospitaland some private clini-cs. Even my elder sisteris a doctor. That ishow we have the medi-cines ready here.

That is right.

OTBf5>i6>ejoorr8o ojicraojcro Bu t only o u r f a t h e r<gro<s<nB6>s mosorJ uif!Bcno nn6Km raTD.ajo.aracTD d o e s n o t h a v e f a i th

in those things.Amma's native medi-cine alone works forhim.

6jomoo(!5i(0o cft(53!§g3<9! r*_ic9a6)ojggcijo

What is that?

First class peppercoffee and dry gingerwater.

VOCABULARY

OJgJOOTTO)

'style of food'. a special Malayali dish with underground stems, raw banana

or other vegetables seasoned with black gram and coconutoil''a stew like curry with pumpkin''terrible' ceso 'better''medicine' .. <mt§<v)osrg>mo 'Amrutanjan''vicks' tQgi<fl> ' tablet '' s tock ' i jsaiesortMo .'cold'*'fever ' . oilcrajooroo 'faith''dry ginger water''ready' ' • . ' • •' -••-•• - • • • • • • • • ' t • * • • » . • • • - , ,

220

EXERCISES


1. flnejaajacngs" eias —

2.

3.

4.

5 . <3TOC§ni0(!jro)1CT8o (SHO(E(t)O •

6.

II Match the following.

2 . 6toi«!SBg6)S o_i"l§1orau

3. aosmraTwia

4 . 6rai63T3<86>s

5.

6.

,7. ^

8 . CT)i6i5T3Oot98u ODOgitoi

9.

10.

Ill Use in sentences of your own.

IV Answer the following

1 . CT)i6iJB§6)S (DO§T(0i

2.

3.

(a)

mcft>co

(e)

(f)

(g^

(h)

(i)

(j)

csaj6mii)OQQ)1taT<aao?

cro(5a«)0(5

<3its5<e6ioejo, cnxxjoorofflm,

221

; 4.

5.

7 . gDi) <9.ojT(zn<9.go, c9.LDt9.go

8. ^ g

9 . OlTleSn^&S (3T3CJUj0nJt9.CtD

V Fill in the incomplete dialogue.

1 . A ^ S B GOJ6TDO

A •-.

2 . A <T)Ts)<n5o raroonioQxmroi (OOCJU.OJJO fsi?) cru°^g1ejocn)Taj3(srrT)o?

B •''. •A raraGfyo

tmoogj?

B

A

3 . A (snajcaoGsmo cr)i6iaJo (sraaaioajeabo

B orasirtJ). rararuti arm ojejico)

A t3TOOJtO}6>S rLjIWicSJ) cgjttJin 7

B (BTO6HOT0O3 (TUlIl0r>r)0ro(Il06n9o .

4 . A oruooioD" 6ro)63t3g6>s gBCTemonte

BA DM «9.o1c9.6)@oartDo 6ra>6ai8gs)s cT>

orocgj?

. v-

222

B. 6TO>65I3§6>S CT)O§

<S.aJOQu,

6. A cniwBgos onofifld arojy'lcnT gaanso?

B ' . . .

A

B

A6)tlJ6nSC!Qlu<96),

BA 09§<S<9«)OCroo

I ? § S I 9 « ) C ) C T U

5 . A <m)cr>n<9<n1 cnra roooiifflej

B fsraojias ?

A oroaiins oonoiti1gjOQB)1(D3cnii.

B traroi. orooA. <T)06)g6»rot!no|0 faroroifooajinej oroooiwaSo

IIUNIT 6

LESSON 19

<SK>6)(D)06><d6> 6lU>60T3@6)S 6DaMoSflOT>1(rau ( I l l sCONVERSATION

: rsragjo,

CIJO.

(2_)gcajo ? OJO ruo, Hallo, what a surpriseOJ3(SSO. Prabhu! Come on.

Come soon. Comein, dear.

? aj1{Ecor»ii63i86)gff)a3)o H o w do you d o ?

What is the news?

cr>") <i_io. mToixsgj You tell me all theml (aigô (TO) jajo<!8 news. Aren ' t you the

ca.oorurt)C!Q)1s)ej3om1fo1<fla0. ooJO(a)o<9aiT6m br idegroom? Firsts>£>3S)c9S) f3)1(ie9a°. moamo, 6jornTc6oi3Op you be seated OH thecumsm*. easy chair. Get rid

of your tiredness dueto journey. Mummy,please come here.

•' . ' . ' . • ;\ . - • 2 2 3 ' ' - : • • '

224

raroani ffilBOCTCT)

ccrco<9s>srr> o

<2=Ji

What is the matter, son?

6Dfl»o6>6nn6in3o Please look here,

mummy. This is myfriend Prabhu.

Good morning.

cn"laj)o

(Broom : (Q_)<|O-fl6Ki5aj,1

rarogjcmai, 6TO)63i3Co ssimoryoTsiej eomio

(ivjeo<a.roorau

Good morning. Youplease be seated.

Mummy, you pleasesit. Raghava! youtoo take your seat

Ts everybody fine inyour house, Prabhu?

ojortn Yes. Only my fatherhas some rheumaticcomplaint. He isunder treatment atKottakkal Aryavai-dyasaala.

Are you and Raghavanworking in the sameschool ?

No. We were class-mates in the LanguageInstitute at Mysore.T am from Cannanore.I am working in aGovernment Schoolthere.

Children, you both betalking. I have somework in the kitchen.Prabhakaran, what doyou like? Coffee ortea?

225

(BTDUB :

g)ii

<B<96><8<3 ? cftiO6yaJ06><96>

? acno

His name is notPrabhakaran. He isjust Pr-abhu.

[ not old? Atthis age won't there beabsent-mindedness ?Please excuse me

cruoraortgycam. roonejciJ6>mc!n_jOffo

cmaouiwoern".^ O J C T 5 ^63T36ioo (3rajcsDifS3onro.

It doesn't matter..Raghavan takes everything as a joke always.He was like this inMysore hostel also.So he was every-body's favourite.

caismo?

rarocnno OJOOEJO?

acrro criMbgm".. That is enough. Youn_io. oolm please stop that flat-

tery. You answermummy's question.What do you want?Do you need coffee,tea or milk.

(STO<TOIIICSJ)@© amroo I don't need anythingat this odd hour.

rstofflffi • siui&mê>s "Ji§- You leave that toour option. What doyou like? Please tell.

Just a glass of coldwater will do.

roo"ejojo& : n^cmoaA cr>T (&O) Alemonl^cSin (sra§(s«jn5)û Then you go near thatco-jo, ma) oj^joouggo <fes1<es°. well. Drink that cold

water.18—3 CILL/M/80 / . . . - • . . ; .•

226

sons ongj asxupuo.

aonrso co jsrm. uz>af\. c/araT.

oo njooa/lo&.

. ra6n§<saj(b<s«o 6>O

raraggo This is a real joke.enjsio Will you have cold

water? That too nowat noon. Thenyou don't need any-thing else to invitecol'd. That is O.K.You be talking.Tea will be ready forboth of you within ten •minutes.

PRILLS

A. Repetition Drill

1 . CDT OJO.

2 . cni ^<Di€0s°.

3 . m l arf$b<9Gu.

4 . .ml croocroofo1<9«0.

5 . CT)1

6 . or>T

7 . m l o-io.

8 . on5!

9 . or/l

1 0 . cnT

! •

2 . (T>i63T3oo

3.

4.

5.

6.

— cuf06mo

— gofoicoaioi —

— <aaiiBicea6Tr)o

227

7 . 0r>i65I3Oo- n_lO0|> — nJOQQ)1ob — nJO0Q)6nr)o.

8 . CD1«5T30O O J 1 § — OJ ISTOS — cu1s6mo.

9 . -cnietjiaoo C O J O ^ — Co-J0«a1n3 — <so_io<ft,6rr>o

10.

B. Build up drill

' Model

dio.

C1J0.

earn>°

(TJO.

1.

g(3T3)fDo

2 .

, CTVl6!JT3O0

3.

(319)

(BT^sô oral .oJOrtJ3<&i(5ororacQ/l(o5 fflocn1ro1c96)6rr)o.

(3T9IBB (BT3)Sô (519) ,aJO(S3ij9j<8CT$ra<3Q)'l(!y5 6}(TT)T(0Tt9«)6rT)o.

228

C. Expansion drill

• Modelml njo. '

O-Tl (S(/Oo±l6in36)gO6)c0S)

(TOT Ol1(SW)oll60T36>g06)c9a n J O .

<u1(Bwinai60t3S)gO6)c96)col

2 . cr)T6si3oo

CT)i60BOo (DOO/I <8iO6)jyO6)<96) cftft) (Til <9«)10%.

0Di60I3Oo

3 . CT)1 C

63CTTO"

acrra

<aai m l <9e{] ab.

cnl goi) aonra

a>i crt ianio acrra

229


Model 1orfl

1 . cr>°)

2 . cnT

3. -cni

4 . nr>T

5. ODT OJO.

Model 2

1.

2. ODIOTBOO

3. misjraoo cu1§.

Model 3

• 2. misoBCo

3 . m]63BOo

E. Response drill

Model

,-ig)mi6>c9«iocrrao eaj6ns. maam

CT)1

230

2. A

B- a®m1<eau on1s)d3o n4<T$&>6>mocmo COJ6TB. crfl

3. A'- fDOTOo cDissBOoeea" rereoju/l onj(S6mo?

cruot&.

4. A-B- fsrogj. miOTBOo sanra m i o e j o

5. A- miffiobo aicft)goG6mo

B- (Broom). taras)fw. onisinSo ^sua^rmi acrro

EXERCISES

I ' Fill in the gaps suitably.

1 . raw am ora> <s>(BcrurooQ>'lrai

2 .

3 . m l tsojcno go i a ) >6i(5t!nornra0 .

4 . <3T0QQ)O<36)S •—• — graTOlfOo nJO.

5. < T T

6. cn"l


1 . CT)T6!5BOo COJCOo

2 . fflocufluo cni # ^b) <y"l grarmrao OJO.

• 3 . (3tBnjfD36)S 61f!J)OQu

5 . mOCU(!S6)S (3T9)

6 . 0V165I3O3 gD D (56UCT^nnT f A gDQjTS)S

III Use in sentences of your own.

231

IV Give one question each for the following statements or groups of state-ments.

3 . CDTCQJO go ro iaa " . ratoig) OJGJIOQJ

4 . m1CD<flS)1nô j2JnJO(!Tf!5iT (3%QQ)1fo1c9ao . O_l6>cftfl1

5 . (Brogj. (ST8Qrus)(ara)§1(o4 nôniesa" gojcmaaJoiejocminBcno

V Fill in the incomplete dialogue- . . . • =!

1 . A f^ f jyO • ^DfOIOfiB SlCyGOJO? \., \ . [

B t n i ra^)S)cr5o o ^ o o o j o OJ&JIOQ) ^^cft>or8n^ raroegj? OJO, OJO, GOJC/)O O J O . <

A ^0no)O6fDn(g) sn jaDgo . CDIQO&O £56UCTi)ny)'l BCTTD %

B

2. A §

A • . . ' . ." ?6rai65t3Co<e«i1eriJ0Co âjoccycsjJo, AOojicsyo 63cm>o coj&ne. onT

3 . A nfl)<ro>o toonejojo crvsiJiBOQsmo?

B ($£ioiB(aTO)1(i35 (3TO(ra)

A

B

ABA

232

4 . A. ar/lcr>e0<3 AJOCQ) QojC6mo, A O O J I <sai(S6tDO?

B . - . . . . : . . . .

B • • • • • • • •

A IQSBO (BTooruiBcsyc. rarogj. i n s m i igomf

B

A (BT86HO).

ffiojsio

A ri^)CTT)0(3^ c9 iO3^ <BlB0fD3 CSOJ6TT)o .

B •

6. A raoêjojo ^(5io«6ms)n4o mamlwamt') roffl6TT)1.-

B maiBa^'.

A •

B c.aJ§o, SQ<D ajsuctymii SCTO mitS^g. ettnodb-tma© njejiocw

7 . A t T )° ' 0Q)O(jo)O€9aii6ms)ffioa<a« ocrroi

B • •

A ogjcrnpiOTl m l

A • • • • •

8 . A <TOO<& aonDiroi€9fi)6mo.

A

A CTUOOTCTO" ng)6>rnnos)c06) (SCU6ID0?

B

233

VOCABULARY

aw 'come(djRBu) 'to come'oi l SOBOMSOBOO 'news'

'marriage''easy chair'

'to finish''rheumatism''treatment'

. 'to talk''forgetfulness'

'stop''to tell''to drink

'midnoon''ready7

tDOOjl

OJTS"

noise

'bridegroom''firstly''fatigue due

to travel''to sit''trouble''Government''oldage''to forgive''to excuse''to leave''well''go''to go''to talk'

s>oru/l

NOTES

6.19.1. Different kinds of verbs in their imperative forms are introducedin this iesson. Note-that the singular imperative marker is either theverb stern itself or the vowel—g°-

ml OJO.

ml

You (singular ), come-

You stop-

The plural markers which also indicate singular honorific aswell as politeness are —§9,—g>n9, and--orasrno. Of these —gu isthe most frequent polite impeiative marker.

CD163T3O3 OK®.

•oni60T3©o curoicf i . y

CT»1«3t3O3 ClJf06TT)o. J

You please come.

234

6.19.2. OQGSO or its contracted form eso added to the singular imperativeform can either indicate the mutual intimacy between the speakerand ,the listener or the superiority of the speaker either in age orstatus as the. case may be.

OJO. Dearinside.

Raghavan, come

6.19.3. The sentences like <BrogJ° g>cmo(mu\ 'What a surprise! Who is this' donot have theit literal meanings, in such contexts. These are used toconvey the surprise .and joy of the speaker when, he/shereceives some one after a long time.

; • • • • < " I

UNIT 6

LESSON 20

CONVERSATION

crvc9iiiioronS: nrxsejo , ^«j3aj(orm1cfiio Hallo, isn't it 8326?

Yes. AryabhavanHotel.

(aracui6>s qo mcrutS ^n_j(ijrin1cr)oej1(o5 # B.TB Isn' t there one M r .

Somah in room No.34?

• 235

Yes. Isn't he fromAlleppey?

236

•CTVc93iBOrort5: rsroortS), rarosirm.

: r^)6)n3o (SoJctB

anno GUIs'!

(?nf>o§io3 ooroi crorS. erruofflaicruoo'ldno

aoae jo , ? <D!£rQjorao.

63CTT3

nj>6)dio c9)0faô ftnsxrT).

crumcxDo <9>gcsj)(TO^°

? nnoriiT n_i1s1<96>6m<>.

Sena Yes. Please call him.

Who is there on theline?

My name is Suku-maran Nair. Youplease call him.

Yes, Sir. Somansir is on the line.

Hallo! Sukumaran!Good morning. Whatis the i\ews?

There is a lot of news.Don't ask anythingnow. You shouldcome here immediately

That sounds like acommand. What is.the matter?

It concerns you. Youshould reach here asearly us possible.'

At nine o'clock thereis a bus towards thatdirection.

No. You don t waitfor. the bus. Don'twaste any time. Isn'tthere an autorickshawstand in front of thehotel ? You shouldcatch one of. thoseautos.

237

§2(2) 6>ai(a-jogo? 63crra njo Why such a hurry?Please tell the matter,my fiiend.

Matter is a bit im-portant. It is verysecret. You shouldnot delay at all.

ajqgj. <OTi(T»1raoaji6>ej enodi aârm I cannot . You

shouldn't cheat mein the early morning^

GCTOOCLO. nnod& COJCOO scrra OJO. "No, my Soman. You

i . please come immedi-ately.

GOJG6TTS?

Don't I needcoffee etc,?.

bath,

<ejg1s)oa)OOca«i sxm You can have break-aiTmigitoi (&>T(5<96)6TDO.

6DCI/)6)S

. oaroi . nJ6><ft&i .

nr>6)o8o

OJDCS2)O<§IQO,

6ra)60Bg6)s o/)§i£j6n§°

cu6>ra gsneooojioTesao

n^rroosno"

foi6)o3o

6)6)OJ<fliGrmroo

fast here. You shouldfinish bath , etc., with-in ten minutes. Don'Itake more time. Youshould be here byeight thirty.

Alright. But whysuch a haste ?

Everything is for yourown good. Your newdirector and his familyare >n our house now.They will be here tillevening. It seems thathis wife and my eldersister are friends.

238

<scroo<DoS: gDrznoeeroo a\}<9itriocao, go's cue/loo) J$ this the mat te r?^micssx© gDn^ffigj. Sukumaran, I don ' t

cr>1(?isnjcirLu1asia53û. wv swioj H]<e these big people'ssiojoroajo CDOIBOO <gToc§rio<aTSii6>cn coejifftaj company. You shouldSmmanc®". ' ^ not compel me. We

shouldn't trouble himeven on this holiday.

: ODii sxwrwcBso ns)s>nJo cojsonwo. ajiocnTcni S top j o u r ph i l o sophy .

©moo mi6ng6ng. <^)§fogu ^"-i" ^ O J I C T S Y O U d o n ' t calk any -aurora) 6TD o. 6njOcS6)1 ca>oroiS!3T3s>go6)c9S) COD thing . Y o u shou ld

:'a(\<tft. reach here before eightthirty. We wi!l dis-

i cuss .all otherthings in person.

DRILLS

A. Repetition-- drill-

a 1 . rawob (Br

2 . <T)1 (3tOOJ6)g Oj1g1ceS)6TT)o.

3. caoracs, cni

1. ml g) §

2 . or^raso caiEOfoTaoBJ nj1s1c06i6ng.

3 . CT)i60T3Oo (3TDCL16MO

1 . fOOCCJD,

2 . foomo,

3. ojoory, oa*l gocro"

1 . (smocm, onT jajocsu c9>s1<96)(!B^0;

2 . mi6ST3t» f8W6ai36)or) ODi(o5<a6)raj®°;

3 . crurtnT cni (SO) oljo^jcftio • c9»gCQXtBgDu; mnmocQ)1

B. Build up drill .

Model ' • '

OJOSTDo.

239

(B6TT)T<98°

CDOfflg

gD(8f»_jOOo

anrroo ^ J

(BB) <6>Ort>^6UI3C» SCTTDo

2.

3.

6XT)

raoso,

© a J O S i eSSlSTIS.

0Di(Ssnjrru)1<9«)«Bgo.

2 4 0 . •"••• • • • » '

C. Substitution Drill

fOOCJUSlCQ)

2 . Cnj6TTOaji6KD aj1g1<fl6)C6TT)O?

3 . CT)i63I3Oo

raosrara>1s)cr)

4.

5 . f3IBQJ6X0 (

6TO>60B6)g

(3T0OJ6)(D .

6. n|j)gjoajra:lo 6njO6njaj1s)CT)

ssmoab

<Ss6TOTO)u

&JgHf^T>' • ' •

(3WO8 .

241

7.

D. Transformation Drill

Model 1raoso, ODT gDcuios oio

fBOSO, CT)

1 . aflcro, cnT cuigiroi cruo. --

2 . roocoo, roT t rou^§Tts i n^cafm".

3. roonejcuo, cnT CnnogejiraS ruo.

4 . (B6tDl, mT ratacuiffls §Dro1<e«o.

Model 2

(313) cftiOfDô

2. cuoory,

3 . co-La/),

4.

cn1(^6njq\jo1iga-

Model 3

2.

3.

4.19—3 CIIL/M/80

, (T)i60T3Oo OTOOJfltD

cn1tasiyoruo1a6)1oft.

Model 4

242

g6reoceflro1<9«)6mo.

o/l<S(/SnM63BOo oJOCB)6mo.

2 . COIOTBOO caraaifflcn

3. ODIOTBOO

E. Expansion Drill

Model

oromooo

CTU<BOQ)o

1. (BnJOefl>6mo.

njiOCTDOOo

ajiocmooo

2 .

3. -

<T)l6!513Oo

243 .i

F . R e s p o n s e D r i l l s .- "••] u, - r • i y . . : - \ ^ . ,<\•••:..',:>>< ^ r f u s l d : . r ! i .

Model 1A . (BiBCgfinrotmifflcn s e n s

B . (BTOCgdOo gDO-fl6>S

1. A . (5r8OJ6)g 63CITO

B..2. A . c9.§i6)ca)

Model 2A.

(313,(006119°

B . (Btaonncnno? ?

Model 3 !

A. fflty. csanacib cuigiejcffneo?

l . A . igoiTas CQOI g

B . • CD150T3O3 .

2 - A . Crflsioflo &>QQf\(tft (Sfi)

B. gsngegjo. —• OJO.

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks choosing the correct fonns.

1 . (ST?) c&ecroraocyiflft csraifiBo . ( ^ fD ic9« o , fDroieasiens,

2 .

3 . m is jBCo sruocuifflCDoonrao . (cn ie j ^csa 0 , cr))(db(Bstens,

5. <&§Ti9>cg, mo6)g — gDoYIss airoicifl. ( m l , mi65i3Oo, nnoofc)

244i

II Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the Words given in thebrackets. . '

1 . caraomo, <m>

2.

3.

4 . COIOTBOO ago CTOOKHJO

5 . m l 63CTT0 Oj i

6 . (Boy, <arac6OT3O£j Qruo. ( co l )

III Match the following.

(a)

2 . €S.gi6)0D)OS)<S«) 63(53 ( b ) OJfsictJ

3 . (t>6n§ (B6m1ô1<T)caio (c)

4 . <3TB(ssi5i3oe§ggju n®(2) (d)

5 . a0)£JOOJ«J3o r»fl)6>0So OjT§1<!£JO| (e)

6 . 6D6313CnS){BR» C^JOSô ( f j STUffÂOo g6n§° ?

7 . g o n i m l (sroojmg (g ) <9is1<9«)6rO9.

IV Transform into the corresponding negatives and prohibitives.

1. rootsooomism annosnfiasb

2.

3 . crVlRjBgo OJ^J<9S)O1

4.

5.

6 . rarocaiogos cîjoa^rarwioro0 graimroo

7 . n^)S)o3o moojT

8 . (5ia>

9 . crflOTSCo GaonomsxD

1 0 . <e)0qj1(fliSi6)CQ)Off)c95> COJCOo

oilgias"

cnr\<tib&€)°

245

Fill in the incomplete dialogues.1. A r raoffico, (DT ogjooJo oj°l§ojS)fD sierra.cij(06rno

B.A . COl gDeoJOOo SmBo GruOSiaatfSgD0. GOJCOo

^- A , ftySl CaJ.a/)6>0Q), 63OTD Ojigirfttg.

• B7 • • • • •. . . . - : T . . . . 'A.

3. A.B.A.B.

4 . A . nroiertn coT ônra" a^)S)o5o:"f>Ji§iRi% OJC06rr>o

B.A.B.A.B.

5. A ^B . ' . . . . . . . : • , • . . - . . ' • • J . •

A n®G><rf>o ^^cfeOtDGpo ? . oronnoooo?

B . ' " ' • ' . . • • • •' •"•

A. 1

; , . •

«6>ejn^'call-''ask''command''wait, stand''autorickshaw''hurry, nervousness''top, utmost''to delay, to stay, n_ioo1,flsu

'drinking''to finish''haste''people'

(n'l(36njcnju'lc&so ' to compel ' Goisoamo

'to trouble''to speak, utter'

'line''you (sg)''reach''to waste, to.lose,'to catch, to hold''Oh! friend''secret''to cheat''taking coffee or breakfast''to take''benefit, |qualit>''company''philosophy''in person'

246

NOTES

6.20.1. Definite imperative, negative imperative and prohibitive forms of theverb are introduced in this lesson. Definite imperatives are usedfor more authoritative commands or requests. The definiteimperative and the negative imperative are formed by the additionof the suffixes-sroo and —sne to the —<BTO ending verbal nouns.

(Such verbal nouns have the structure of verb stem as in_|_<BW === CnJ0.)

oajo<a>6roo 'should go'

oruoufcsne - 'don't go'

«e.s1<a«>6m. 'should drink'

'don't drink'

1 Prohibitives are formed by adding the word irons®0 to the verb\- stems.

'shouldn't go'

flj)oaiofv)i«9«<w@'' 'shouldn't delay'

'shouldn't ask'

In Malayalam, prohibitives and negative imperatives can be usedin most cases on a substitutable manner. But on some occasions,prohibitives are used to bring more force for the negative command.Note that for negative imperatives and prohibitives there is nodistinction between singular and plural.

6.20.2. In this lesson the accusative (objective) case which denotes the directobject in a sentence is also introduced. The marker that indicatesthis relationship is

"'•:i (sro(5§nn<oTB>i6>m c u i g i ^ . ' P l e a s e c a l l h i m ' .

nQ&cm cn1A6T£jmju'1a«>«'3£2o. ' D o n ' t f o r c e m e . '

This accusative case is not usually added to neuter noun objectsexcept when the subject is also neuter.

<9,§os2)ra3©°. 'Don't waste time.'

247

6.20.3. The <&>oo5 form introduced in this lesson is another second person,pronoun. In the degree of politeaess this comes in between ml andcnisoBOo. The form <woo& indicates informality and intimacyand not inferiority. Except in some parts of Kerala, this pronoun«nooft is not generally used to address women folk. When <®otf>is used, the verb can either be in singular or polite imperativeform.

'You sit.'raioni gp raids.

.;

> ' • • • ! . • • • • • • . '

•'.-,'J

~<- "A.,:- :-•• U K • • ; ( " ; ; ; i

• • ? , - • • ; • , ' . i - . '

BNSF 6

LESSON 21

, flfeO6TT9aj1CT&,

CONVERSATION

cai6no: conni. caofDo mrmi.

go«)

006ml, GOJCOO cnscaa

o o e r o i : «g)CT>1<9«l rus6oi36)gO6>a6i ojgs>ra 6Doagaiocn/l.

§D6vm§y3o fflorro corrnocoT <s>O6rr)6>§. mocj

6O13g1flJ5 G.aJ§cft 6iOOg^ G n J O ^ . f3TD JO% (DO(f2)o

Enough. We havespent enough time here.There are so manymore things to see inthis exhibition ground.Ravi, you walk fast.

I liked these picturesvery much. Let mesee these things lei-surely. Elder brother,you may go alone toother places. Letdaddy be with me.Daddy ! Let him goalone.

248

249

COJOTTO: cn-iosi

worulms amo<&€tu.

cajsna:

or>i6>aSo sas s>cugj cuigi! a ) You mind your busi-6rmon3 Gojoog ness, girl. I don't care

for your challenge.I don't have anyfear. Daddy, may Igo 7

aoTsgEgo <snJ06n§. No. Nobody should.goo{j)6>oro)oraoood §iao6rT&0! anywhere alone. Look

there. What a crowd' it i s ! '

msr^(Sru(mo COJCOO o j ro6mo .

6rs>Sisi3ô

4MJ6fn>:

«cu6rra:

Then both of you willhave to come soon.

Why is this hurry ?Wait.: Let,.,us alsocome. You too watchthess carefully. Theseare the paintings ofgreat artists.

Daddy, I don't likethese paintings. Letme go to transportdepartment stall.

Wait. Let Rani alsocome.

cojcno OJO oofflrni. mionio atra cnsrtjnn! <3.gj1 Come soon, Rani. Theway you walk! It isjust like a snail.

cili(B6)§.; cnTajo 6gm«j}D6>as>. memooa)') •..

^^)((g)<s3orac(DOfiB6)S;

6)nJOQ)1a5o1ocn"s)oa)oorrao

6ra)6o$ cruo

oo6m1: C.OJ§O, (Btatmo (Btacuias amo£&.

<Dio60Bgosrra° 6njoo6ng<ft.ooc9«o oi6njsnocfl.ooâo

H6ronn, cnTai, fflcugg, "

ofl)6>cTs>ortB Brother, look the.$eSee. What kind ofcolours are theue foxthe bulbs and ribbons!Green, yellow, blue,white, red and blackare all here.

250

(Siaj6BB°. carol ooio. <sa^p

gjooa)1)as.

ag)6>aio ml nnsionr)

aona Yes. that is correct.Daddy ! Please readthat advertisement.

I don't have spectacleswith me. You read ityourself.

caisra: <£>,§1<&>e§, aimso/loa, dhaemoS\cft, croooroo Children, come, seertMi<9afu1ai. CT>16OT3OO6><S«0(!B moa»oaaio<aio. and enjoy. There is a

magic world for you.A wonderland for fiftypaise. Come, see andenjoy.

Ah! How beautiful itis ! It will be realfun. Brother, theremay, be a lot ofanimals in their tent.See that. Theyhave the plastic girland the baffoon boy.

Daddy! Please giveRs. 1-50/- Let metake the tickets. Itjust costs 50 paise perhead. We will havenice fun.

airoini , «8>osm1cft,

OOOOOJ"!

6V0OOo<9«

6T5)0rii

6)6)o_ICTO.

DRILLS

A. Repetitibn drill

a 1 . 6TO)oo5 gD6)«nos)tea ©crro cncrDocol

2 . a{j)6)o5o aajos^rarofiaa" may

3 .

oJO0Q)S)§.

251

2.

3.

C 1 . (BTJifiBo rtJimiSKH) GnJOc9»6nB.

2 . O06m1 aioijDjo manl\e>s

3 . mty otD^jCToflo £Uo«B«.oorv)raoB)1(o5

ODIOOSO^SJS aif»s)§.

d 1 . <ft.§iAQ§, njRBoilai ,

2 . nVl65]3e>§06>,9»

3.

e 1.

2.

3

f 1.

2.

3.

g«JT3)(0o

«Jnji6)ODOn_jO6>eJ CDSas)S)§.

<-uoaa)s>§,

B. Expansion drill

Model<ft>06TD6>§.

cacy CTXTDOOBI <a>osros>§.

OJg6)(t)

aicy oj§6>ra onomocafl <a.osm6)§.

OJg6>(0

nicy cugoro cncmocot

252

1 . (BTO^jJO, 6t3)00Oo GnJOOgO?

6t3)00TOo cn/loDilDgg" GoJOCgO?

gDocn0s1nM

<Bj3jg6ioSo^ff)s aroorrao oDo<-nu3*ln±iJ oroicDiaigg

2 . (3iaoJ6)rocjiJ06iej

§«jnnroo

CTXTDOQUJI

c3iaciJ6)ro(SraJ06)ej CDODOOOJI

CTDCTDOCSDi

qj cnisrago cnomoaniailrti.

3.

ag)CT)1<e« cnifflofto aôoajo ajanloo)

253

4,

6It!)OClb

6njo»6njo STOOOJ Ojajgoa" 6i<ft>d§c9«)(S§o?

gys

^ ^ olfinjsrrao, sruoosajo 6ra)ocii erugoa" 6><0jO§«9ao§o?

C. Substitution drilla o^J^ji6iooJG(yo«ej

roosrarwi sioncojoffl

615)009» OJOS)g.

cnisioio

c n^)m1c9«)0 tstodniwm

: • • :

' . ;

( 3 I 9 ) G ( 0 o ' . • , ' • : • • • • • • , • . • • ! ' ; • . • • • • ' . ' • . . . ' . • ; : • ' . • • . „ • ' . ' • * . ! ) ! M i

i!' i

254

o06TT)1<sa

eicugg

e raroamo (ajgojioro"

cronr>1<9«)0

(BTBOJ(i<9«)u


Model 1

1 . t3TOc§ar)(m5)1ff>cr)

2 . (3TOCIJ<?>

3 . aaj6rra

4 . tstaniB ffrugyiflfl Gruo<a>ff)§

5 . mOODCUOft (STd) ronOOTUô

6 . OTUOA, (513) GnJOBô

7 . C/DOOS) O06m1<ss° <BW)

8 . CDffir^fflS gfesjs OTaaif03o curo6>

9 . mi5<9eu

1 0 . (scaorao

255

Model 2

CD*I

2 . (scucoo ctucno msgs.

3 . gDII raJS60T3Oo CDOfDOCSJ)!

4.

5.

E. Response drill

Model 1A . fSW^gJO, 610)005 §

B. caisre, col njocoane, ooemi ajooo)6>§

B. csojsre. m l . T S |

2. A.B . • OT)T . (BnJ0cft>6)§.

3 . A . eJOfw. smonJ <a,LO OJOCQIT c96)m§.

3 . A . (BTOOJClJ jij1((5)6!513O3 &>0ST06)%.

vModel 2 ,/.

A . roosni GrLQosmTraS croocrootDic96)6)§. CDI cmroitob cft)06riBu.- j

B . <S0J6TS. 6TU)00Oo ffifinOSTDioJ (TOoCTUOfOic0a6)§. - I .

1 . A . e-ii6-1 fruTmiiagg GruOcft.s)§. '.' |

<T)T OJ0C32j1e9ao . I.

T> • • • • / . :

a.2 . A . (3T0CECB CnJ0S,Jo CSaJOSi<S«S>§. : ,

OOT gflSTOlfOo a J O . ,

B. . '

256

Model 3A . ecutoo c o j o . croniOQjo rerajcfifi.

B . (Bt9)<ft)S)§. CT>1 CnJO.

1 . A . COJCOo GCDOSs". CrOtECSDo (gTS)QQ)1.

•p ,

2 . A . crucno o / l g i c e s 0 , CTOHOOJO (Bta>cQ)1.

•n .

3. A . OOJCOO ajocojiês". oromcoo (STd>cafl.

B. •

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks choosing the correct words.1 . raiaamo, go's nJS6tsi36>§os><96> «»(gg. (^)S)o4o, ag)cn1aau ,

2 . CnJD6)BJ Cni63Bô «JOic&S>6TDo. f(mCU(Vi®S, (SaOJ(bS€)", (BT3OJ6Xa)

3.

4 . OJEJICQ) Acn jm i agjmiasiig) ^ n q u i i g j . ((sa>cass>oA, <3id)Oo<9«)0fa3S)S

5.6. nnooii gocgjooo aonrao . (o^josicsaajiaa, caJosidMtsriB, oûosi

. dK)ff)§)

7. crygb, onT raw) onum . (cftigcQjajTofl, c9)gccyCT§, ca

II Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the words given in brac-kets.

2. 6nnoai onong roi65B6>§

3. fficy r u ^ (ggru «D(®.

5 . raiB) o-J-^j oTc>nj6ni s>c830§cte. (crurog)

6 . CUi<SOBnll6!n3S>gO6)c06) CT)i65I3Co nnfflOD ("-1 0)

7 . o06TT)Taj)o (3%

8 . 6nnocT8o

257

III Fill in the blanks suitably.1 . onofflg r u g g ) ffl6rr)1<SQ ra>orii

2 , tDCjyo/lo&o OW) aJCT^cfljo 6)c9>3^d96>fimo

3 . (T)1«n3Oo

4 . cgm/lrai

5 . m l foff iajooo cucosns.

6 . nJSH!!) (J^nJ C5)((D5.

7.8.9 . CT)160BOO gocni ago .

1 0 . (sraajcft ffltiB (sra>(J§oo1c9ja — : .

IV Transform the following statements into their corresponding negatives.1. cni

2 . CD16513OO 6TO)6SBg6)S

3 . eftinej co£i06m1(!iS oruocroofo1<j9s>6)§.

' - 4 . (BTBOJRBO (Snoogej i io i nr)0£Bfa)1<e«)6)§.

5. ggffii. roTajio (araaiins cruo.

6. miOTBOo, <ry&i®0(oci& cnoosvexo a j ig

V Fill in the incomplete dialogues.J . A oro^mo. stroooJ (3TDgj6>o5o ca>(snro(t>cfi

B. • • . . . .A . fsrotuTws O06m1 §6rscg-|o. (aronjoo <BTOOI|SS>S

B. .• •y \ , (3 i9^ Q(U6rs. (Btacuoo rvgjsinflo ^6>s gro1«o«)srBK

B.A , rarom1cBJ<OTron«CBJ06>c9s>(ora>6>CTn. rusAaa raroojco n^)6)riio

2 . A . (9193iJ!}> (9% <TO(%c9«i^y1s)n8o fflocruooejOtSjo emoca»

B. • •;.•••".A . gDODiopo oroaiQQ)i50nso. H6m1

•

. B.20—3/CIIL/M/80

258

6>6>aJ0rO. 6)6>nj(TV)

B.O06tT)l<98 Si<S6)OQ COJ6nS. CBTOOlOo

3.(7»6)OfT). 6>.aJOicaJ

QJO.

B.onlcnaa"- oruAaocro" CDT 6)njci<mci&!

B.aifD6me.

6)S CT)1(0Sce«)6)§.

B.m (sags C/DOI . fiJS)c9JM nuejiooj gong"

VOCABULARY

r^)(î6nj1niiciJ (given

cnsaa"cfe06nao

enlaces0

(siaiOQjasô

a j i (296013 Oo

©oaflffiC£yoc&§<ft>o(%

TO003

oi6nJ6ni<D6TOT3>

6)OJgg

<9>Qfibju

OJOCOiiflfi)"

cTuoawonuiaa0

(BroggnncEJOcftio

rocroo

gC060SOo

Gc&oaiosi

eu 'exhibition ground'• 'walk'

'see''stand''crowd''pictures (paintings)''transport people''stall''snail''ribbon''yellow''white''black''to read''to be happy''wonder land''fun''animals''baffoon'

65«J3oJO§°

0JS6OBO0

rcncniffloo)

.a/)(29ca>oronDO<a

6»nJcaiTo5o1 ocn°cru°

ODSRJTO)

001060X300

6nJOo6tlJtS30o

mTej

£D0CQ)08ej0cft>t>

eocni^SOOo

'a lot''pictures''alone''alone''artists (painters)''paintings''walking''colours''bulbs''green''blue''red''advertisement''spectacles''magic world''beauty''tent''plastic pirl''ticket'

25$

NOTES

6.21.1.The optative constructions of the verb expressing desire, permission,blessing, etc., are introduced in this lesson. This is formed by theaddition of the suffix -<STOO§ to the verb stem.

6n5>orii <&>06ro6>§. Let m e see.Giugob cruoc9.s)§. Let elder brother go .aroOTraoo OJOQQ)S>§. Let us (exclusive) teU.

When the interrogative marker is added to the above form extra poli-teness is indicated.

ojro«§. Let me comesrmooft cufo<s§o? May I come ?

But this difference is nullified in certain parts of Kerala. The negativeform for optative expression is the same as the imperative negative.

eg : CDT cruosne. You don't go.Gruosre. Let him not go.

jBaiiQ -jgraroiens. You don't trouble.u<>ejb&£p«mer&. Let them not trouble.

<e.06m6n3. Let me not see that.

6 . 2 1 . 2 . I n the sentences (sro^dbmoiô a§6)cibo&e)s m')mb<ae>G>§, andCjV-joS)ej 63(33 OnSKJTO)

the underlined parts of the sentence indicate some relationship betweenthe verb and the other parts of the sentence. These are the post positions-Post positions are preceded by one or the other case suffix. As you seethe form &6>s Js preceded by the genitive case and this indicates therelationship of association/company, etc., and <snjo<nej is followed bythe accusative case and this denotes comparison.

6.21.3 Of the new verbs introduced, note the special usage of the two verbs<">o° and 6)<fto§c»s>u both meaning 'to give'. Of these, 6><a>o§<9«>0 form isused when anything is given to the third person.

["him.Give J her.

1 them.\jo Madhu.

260

If the recipient is first or second person the form used is

rax©. Give me.aroocri CT)16OBOOC9S «ntos)§. Let me give you.

When these types of verbs are used, the sentences will have a recipientor beneficiary expressed by the dative case marker — <a&" or —g° anda direct object which is indicated by the accusative case — n$ inthe case of non-neuter nouns and without that, if the object is in neuter.

Let me give her this child.

613)003 r3I3nJOo(S8u 6D1> n |CT^<6jo

Let me give her this book.

6.21.4 In the forms ^ttBaiinJ, <9>o6nDcuia3 etc.,—§ojioa is another plural imper-ative marker. This is rarely used in informal speech but profound-ly used in advertisements and in platform speeches.

6.21.5. In oruosi -sT is the contracted form of n®sT the feminine-correspondent of <»®so showing informality, inferiority, or inti-macy.

£ i > T ' , - . v - ( • • ' ; ; • •: •• - ' y : A - v : • • • . - ; " ' . ; ; . ; " ; • ; : ' ; ; • • . .

OZ: :H';••;-••'.,•: -.••••

I

UNIT 6

LESSON 22

CONVERSATION

: cDoooxa, (DO6>§ (tijeo fin!(SCSDOOOIo% ans i Nair, tomorrow thereis a Malayalam film inPrabha theatre. Don'tyou want to see that?

cnt$<&s ca>06TT)STDo. o^)fra)06iDo CTUTODIIE Y e s . W e m u s t see .

aajaBu? . What is that film?

"Enapravukal" (pairof doves).

: (srocsqgp! (Bia6>fD>o«B cuvooi njsn>06rrou. coi6ne. " Alas! That is an oldoiLioere. film. No! We don't'A-"1- . -,.. have to go for that, v

261

262

(Bragg (s§gGg ai(5<s6>iQ?)6>$ (njaroloo conoojaicgj ? Isn ' t it Mut ta thu Var-

ki's famous novel ?

_ ODOOQXS: (STBann. amooirai cugaro cngjrmoerro". ru&Au Yes. The novel is very501® mgjfwgj. roflmro cmooanjaiigj. good. But the film is

(BT»nni6)00<e6)OOo mgj aas <s(2_)0(y)0o not that good. I t isn'tgKi/ls6><nro> srDsriJano§.1e46n§°. bad either. Even then

there is a better pro-gramme in the TownHall here.

njra1ruos1oQ)06m©°? What is that program-

me?

OOOCQXS: ca>LD<ft>§1. Bcfljcog ajejO(B6mjDej<96)Ot!B6)s (Bia>§®o K a t h a k a l i . T h e d a n c e

. „ em", cugwra mgjnnoaQJifoiaao. is performed by the• Kerala Kalamandalam

artists. It will be reallygood.

: a®cro)06ro° cftin? What is the story?

'Nalacharitam'•

rat?>roosnou goso ruralnjos1cs}i6)s orvonejo Who are the organizers

? of the programme here?

cc&togcroiBOKceaoia. n joroio, moujoiara0 srmsire Kerala Samajam mem-g a s goo a>ej (in^rrojsiaocfflns? bers. Wha t do you

say, Mathur ? Don'tyou want to enjoy thisart of ours ?

â5cnj(tnaonD <9>06m6rDCD0Qa)1 Then wha t? I wanted

to see it even earlier.

siasxcwjaoiraap" mtq^ru, ratooftnjî^nj, go«» The rate of the ticketsjs Rs. 100, RS. 50tRs. 25 and Rs. 10.

ggi® §aj>(OJ? Why is it so much ?

263.

on®

mos>g

co6n§ sicsaocj ai06aT36mo.

. CDOQBX& t3)6)OT)

This is a benefit show.This collection is meantfor a MalayalamSchool.

That is O.K. Weshould take Rs. 25tickets. I want to seethe dance nicely. Iwant to understand alot about this art.

Then don't miss thisgolden chance. Isn'ttomorrow the fourteen-th? We should buytwo tickets tomorrowitself. What do yousay ? Is it agreeable ?

Oh yes. Here is themoney. Nair, youshould take the entireresponsibility regard-ing this. I dont' knowthem.

DRILLS

A. Repetition Drill

a 1-2.3.

b 1 .

2_.

3 . gonna 6>6)OJ<9i<sonr>roo

o croicrflai <9>66manr>o.u gocrro

264

CODOOJtoS OJOCS2)1e9S>CSnDO?

oi>eJi6)nJ§(0Tmc6

OJOCH/1 arcane?

2..3 . foocucs2Ju<9a oj(oro>O

d 1 . nruTcT)1iB6)(3Q)<e6>og'> ongj GtQjoqjjOo siS6rflar)og1ej6Ti|0.

2 . o c n o n j , onT oplnnncjoJcdaogo OOCTDOOOJI CUOCS2)1C9«)0.

3.

2.3 . a)t9>CT9 eai6TBi

B. Expansion drill

Model

.1.

cfl?06rr)6mo.

ea.osm6tDo.

6)c9>0 j<fti§1<ft>oo<fl«8o f a o t u i c e j o ,

(Ooai ioGjo,

«96)6IT)o.

265

ojocQ)1cds)6ne.

gDQnJOOo

oogj OLjn^ca.6iST3Oo ^ (S tyooo (BifyA&ao ajo<sf\osiers.

3. )

CTU<SO!!)Oo±l1 SStSCS.

4.

ajow6>w<&s)OQo ruoejcg.)

5 . c n i ^ a a ajO6ai3(B6rno ?

o (UO6OT3CS6mO?

QJO6WS(56rhO ?

CT)Off)g(t5TB)6)CnD

7.

iOo - j i CSJSI CQ)S>IHO6>a6>

266


. Model 1

°, gDCTTO

1 . envies" (aracuacn

GrU0<ft.6IT)o .

OJ(D6TT)o

nJO0B)6TT)o

2. (BT9)

3.

Model 2

2.

D. Transformation DrillModel 1

267

ca>06iDosroo ?

aiooQ)1<96>(J6rr>o7

<SODO<06>G6TT)O 9

airosrs.

1 . cai(/aajaaai1s)oSo conocutoS raft) 6>njfipDioroo

2 . s<3snbnnogi6)ej <a>La<a>g1 ag)g_)oajf5<aao <a>06merr><>

3 .

4.5 . (3TOCQ)0O0(9Su 63(03

.• i; • • i

268

Model2cosc96>6nr>o.

2 . toosRJiroicTBo,

3. aâ/lces0 ar)i6>rflo

4 . cryBdrnnino

5 . <BIDCUOo<98o (3X3)

macnpsets (3t9flniooj6)ri5o aiTgira? <sajo&6TDo.

raosnm

Model 3

1. fooujgg"

2.. 3.

4.

5.

c9jO6IT)Sns.

r u o e j t9is1t9s>6rs.

OT9) aJTOiOQ) OJO^ e9>06TO6ne.

E. Response drill

Model 1

1 . (SIEOGCn,

2.3.

Model 2

2 . <8i§1<ft>©oces°

3.

e9iSic9S)GSmO?

(T)O6)g (3T3)fJ lESmioSS f3>6)0TT)

o <ft>LO<fl><Bi (3I5)(TOJSi«96)6rDo.

o a,LDc9.gT

° aios<e>ggj°

269;

Model 3 • . . . . - . .CT)i6BT3Ooe0Q° o )CinOo (OOOjifflEJ a£)g3) <BiS*\<BS)6Tr>o

Q0 n^)rrtDo rooo/lsiej cngj

1 . gDCTTD 6)S)nj<9iCCTD(0o ODieOBOcxeS0 O^)Ojl6>S <SrU0rft)6TT)o

2 . m1(T)cS6)1(5rT_j0O3 n ^ ) ® OJ0QQ/li36>6rr>o ?

3. ara

Mode] 4A- C^J§O

C9J6TT)O .

1-A-B,

(513)

COJ6)O

- njOQQl1<6«>d6ng ?

2 . A - cojsrra>, oncgaa

B- ? oaisrs.

3.A-

og)ffioJo cuTfirt

oru lm i i n ca>06m<s6ng?

oroimim

Model 5A- e.o

B-

B-2.A-

B-

cr>T6)riJo cruaoiocrxsocvo? raroaajooo tara© o je j i oo ) (5i5)§oo6mo?

^cfeocsrocscoo ? cuejiocy

EXERaSES

I Fill in the blanks choosing the correct forms.

270

2 . ffiOLQOittBo <ft>LOcft>g1

3 . ogjcnicsa0 a>rogy1ej0c96>6rno. (OWOJOCD, raraojoi, rsrooj6)crio)

4 . Ocajtog croinojac9«)oA<S80 crnnaoo n^)'® (gjnj . (s>cft>o§<9«>6rno

5 . d o w o m1cn«ea u ruroijxJOQjmiagj? (raiDoifflro, owrunBffls, (3T»aj(?)<9«o)

6 . C0i60T3Oo gDB cfcOCTUroOQ/lcoS . (gf0i t963 u , ^ C O i ^ , gDC0i<fl«)61§)

II Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the words given.

1 . n^)CT)1<96>i0n0 CB0lSc96)OOi(ta CDTCTTD" n J E J CTOOCUCDSUBô . (O106BT30)

2 . (STOcuob raroggo

3 .

4 . tsrocsgooo conosmicoi

5. on

6 . g&6)S CniOQJo (SnJ0<ft>6TT)o.

7. aaooo cue/I OQJ

Il l Fill in the blanks suitably.

2 . 6)fU8|p^

3 . (BTOciiO980U6neT n^jfîeruToiinb ea>o6rr>6rr>o.

4.

6 . ^T) orvcutiafROfiJcrucoo CDISJBOO .

7. _

8 . (8<9jrog oroiEOKi3«iO(5 (3ia>6no0 goo

9.

1 0 . gD'D oJS6B13S)gOCrR)o

IV Fill in the incomplete dialogues.

1-A. (©ifuTnôoisiej njnnicQ) croicnim

271

2 . A . (BTaroieoicDiraej laoscnfgsxo cni5<ea

B- o-ji6)cro?

3 .A - cniaDaoicrro roincro enJOc9><s6mo ?

B.

A - ng)Oij)06TT)1(® u^nn i , art cnoog rooaflfflej

B- • • •A- otB6>«no6)c9«) fD eg cmoa6)6)§.

4. A- . . . . . . ;B. n^cTino (Sffioem go^°? 6>oa.o jc93§1<a>oo<eau rooo/leejo, 6)6)tiJc9j(Jonnorooo

njooo) c9is1c86)<i6mo? ecu6ng. (mag) cngjraigj. crfl n joe j

A

A.B- fn i n£)6irm traaj^ffljijÔTroiere. m l sorra

cssoej1c5)6n

5 . A - (wrodmo, eanocnâdbo

BA- §6n§°. cru°ôo gsne

B. • •A - fl )CTTBo fig)OTO)TcTDu OTOUj8|<3'l(!J5 (SnJ0<6i6TDo

6-A. •B.

AB.

7.A- ?

B • •A - oru6n5, ml ^SKJD^SSISTS. ml cni6>rrJo rLjo^(fl>(oro)i6>ej ajseaisoo ccno

<flS)6TOo.

B.A-

272

VOCABULARY

roiicoaooro 'theatre'ggsmfojonjajOo 'pair of doves'(5Oiow)o ' b a d '

siien&nnooo ' town hall '

(Bra>§o 'dance '

orvonejoscft,(?i 'organizers'

m>orujs1c9s)0 ' to appreciate '

6>snjcn1n£i1oo0Qr>iio 'benefit show'

ajiraioi" 'collection'

fflcT)ffy1&jo<9Q° ' to understand'

cn/latflai

(S(Q-JO(C/ Oo

OLjconojosi

r u r a l ([JJ)o

ABJ

CT)1fD<S6)0

n £ i 6 n § u

•A§T\

oryairogf onjcrofOo 'golden opportunity '

(tniofflani 'da te ' OJ060130

n roiisa0 'to shoulder the responsibility'o-jco1.nJCQ)o 'acquaintance'

'cinema''famous''programme'programme'history''art''rate''fund''play,game'

'buy'- * • • .

NOTES

6.22.1. Obligatory constructions indicating one's strong wish, desire orobligation are introduced- These are formed by adding -ana and —6ns(which are the contracted forms of the defective verbs, caiamo andooisns to the verb stem. Dative case suffix —<**" 'to' is added to theperson or the thing that has the obligation of performing the actiondenoted by the verb.

<5n_10<ft>6rOo.

moujoicro"

I want to go •I ha veto go-

Mathur wants to appreciate.Don't you want to go?

Like ooj6mo and coisns t n e forms (sat^mcm and <Bra><Enrc>1«sso can beadded to these obligatory constructions to indicate past and future.

I wanted to see even earlier.(I should have seen even earlier.)

273

6.22.2. The suffix -<e>o©o preceded by accusative case —<*ffi indicatescomparative degree.

e g : <Bro<Ts>i6)cr>c9s>o<ao mg.) ctajotj/joo GOJCTO § 6 n f ° .

There is a better programme than that.

'You should tell better than him.'

6.22.3. Dative case —g° or -<*a° followed by ccuorei clearly indicates thepurpose or beneficiary.

This collection is for (the. sake of) a school.

Let the parents tell for (the sake of) children.

6.22.4. q§@ro cufSaal is one of the very popular novelists in Mala-yalam. He has written about 100 or more novels. Many of hisnovels are filmed.

6.22.5. uiA,g) is a famous Indian da.nce form which is known, also outsideIndia. This is an art born and nourished in Kerala. Though it is apopular art form, it is a highly technical and classical dance of excellenceusing different kinds of MUDRAS 'gestures'. The actors wear colourfulcostumes. Mainly Puranic Stories from Mahabharata or Ramayana areplayed. The most famous of Kathakali Programmes in Kerala is theplay depicting the story of Na'a and Damayanti (from the Maha-bharata tales). This story is retold for the purpose by ggfôca/laioraj*one of Kerala's versatile poets, cngajrairoio <sa>%s€)in} as it is popularlybnown, is usually played for four nights. e<s>rt>g <a>euoa)CTTU5a!o at6).ajqg)ro3(tjn»1 in Trichur District of Kerala is an institution which impartstraining in various art forms like <a>uQca.gi to students from differentparts of India and the world. This centre of arts was founded bylate Sri. Vallattol Narayana Menon an eminent poet of Kerala, whoactually breathed life to this dying art form <a>ixi<fcg1.

21— 3 CIIL/M/80

UNIT 6

LESSON 23

OO6TD1:

6>OJ§§O <fl.s1c9«)sne.

CDICUJTCOJOOO

ooaroT: (Lia<aai

<fl>s1a«i6rr)».

m l eorro

Ais<eau.

Mummy, may I drinkcold wster T

You have high fever.Don't drink cold waternow.

But I am terriblythirsty. I want to drinksomething.

Let me bring somerice gruel or baileywater. Till then youplease lis down quietly.

274

275

oo6rr>1:

(3TD6)(3)6)Cl5o e9jOOl£0<J6TT)0

c9>OOo

era am:

006TT)1:

(swam: ag)6)as)0«j3

oVI

o{j)gjOo

(BTSGoJOOooJO

fegi! cr>i6>o3o a-ioVl

aoTO c93oco>s)§. rswggaifflro

(BTOGgJ

2 j j : | cuouo1(i_i1s1c9«)sre

omoog. ra6nf sToioroo ^ST<9>« I1QQ)6)§.

1 t tnionoo.

ooemi:

*$> No, mummy. Wasn't6)oo§iaj)o I having only barley

water, medicine andbread yesterday andday before yesterday?

Is it my fault, dear ?

The fault is not mineeither. This bad feveris responsible for everything.

So?

Now I don't want any-thing. But can I haverice at least from dayafter tomorrow.

Child, what a hurryis this! Let your fever,cough and all comedown. Till then don'ttake rice or tiffin.

That means only elderbrother is permitted toeat everything. Isn'tit ? Yesterday, wasn'the also having stomachache ?

Dear, don't be obsti-nate like a baby ? Lettwo more days pass.Then you can eat every-thing.

Can I have head baththis Saturday?

276

raraftffl: escm ^gsmo < s . 1 s ^ emoeg.

<sj)o qjorra alcuoroo

Please lie down quietly,my dear. Aren't there

"rt £2 three" more days forSaturday ? We canthink about bath, etc.,then. Now you shouldtake this medicine.It is quarter past ele-ven.


2.

3.

4.

5.

B. Expansion drill

Model

6)S)ou<&<icrr)(Oo

(8CU)O<g)(36)S

(U0CC)1<96)0o.

SKO3CTTO

6)<e>o.aje9i6roTO>1aao

no o

memeno

(Sfu>Otg>Q6>s

,flb06TT)Oo.

277

croicn'liB

outcr/lm thsioocmozo <&>O6TDOI>

onirsi oruimiiri cDooocmooo

(BO)

ClD(?c9Qo (BT3) <S,O6TT)Oo.

2. COJOCSJOO,


1 . CT)1CT)<S6>U fSyO

OJOOQ)1c9«)Oo.

ru1s1<96)0o

orotnngg

rooaora

278

4 . cnicnaa" JDCTTO nnwom aj1§i6>aiflno>0o.

(BTBOIOo<eau


CSIDC1JCT90 (SW) cfl iOOô nJOCHJOo

2.

3 . (STOGgnDo oroocrootoT<96)6>g.

(BKKB§c»O(Bra>1(TDu CT

4.cuotro1ru1s1<9S)Oo

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the words given in thebrackets.

1 . GDOCSgo — 6D9 ttinBCTTO <9>S>1c9S>(S6mO? (6TD)OriJ)

2. aroooft mimaa

3 . (BIB^° CT)n60Q§ff

4 . goo ca>oro6ino

5 . <STOC§aO(0ro>i6KT) — ,

. 6.

II Fill in the blanks suitably.1 . 6TO)0CT& OJJU6)OJS8(0W)T «H> ? .

2 . (ootogg" gOB aiRBcrR)0 ?

3 . (STBcutft (SB) f i jcr jÂo . a^jjcniaagD ojocs»1<fl«6rB.

4.

5 . GffiOCg,

6.

' ' iv '•- ' f , "

III Convert the following sentences using-f3ros>§ forms of the respective verbs.1 . n>OJSCTD° <B)LQfft>gl1 (BT3)Cr\)JST<S6)Oo.

3.

4.

5.

6. fDoajicejo,

IV Using the given table construct at least 30 sentences with verb formshaving s ^ * —gooftj —(Btoaroo, —oroonSj —tsrajo a n d

onamoo

OJOQ£2Ji<96>u

O!9) CTO J ST <06> °

6) C9D 0 6m§ OJ CD?

VOCABULARY

SOdDo

'terrible''thirst'time'to lie down''rice gruel''cough''stomach ache''small baby''to be obstinate''simply'

nJOOl

6)<a>06n§0JC!Bo

IDT CT)T 61013)0010 u

A O O o

micro"

'fever''barley''bring''day before yesterday''fault, defect''decrease, reduce*'to be over''to eat''to bathe'

280

NOTES

7-23-1 Verbs showing permission, ability and privilege are introducedin this lesson. They are formed by the addition of the suffix

to the verb stem. The beneficiary will take the suifix -«ea°/g°.

0nJ3<a>0o.

I can go there.(I may go there.)

UNIT 6LESSON 24

CONVERSATION

cruoA. onrtg.

G £ J « J : erusne cnjane. nnariS nnonJo

. cuocmiejo, as)cS«>

Good morning. Pleasecome.. Please be seated.

No. That is not necess-ary. You shouldoccupy your seat.This stool is sufficientfor ms. It is moreairy and lighted here.The door and thewindow are here.

281

282

cruotb. ^sxoiotm CT.OJO'IOQI

c u e j i o a 6KTvra<e>ro(ysaBo§o<raiB'l£j.ouosna"

g ® cue/loo)

6mo? gggs oifflcrJo cuTCTsocTOfflgj.

nn ic roeg j? cstaô oroocni£iocDav>(ac96)oroTs)n3o

Please excuse me. Thisis a small office. Wedon't have enoughfacilities.

(319(2) C/Otoi. (BIOGnJO

g)6nfc nnwnbo c/afsTraisicm. n^cmoitsi

cnsssT3)smo.

<3T9e1<96uaroo<soosa6rT)efflO? (srannicro

ce j su : «noDi5)ce6)ao)06)6m(sso

6)£J n^gOOQJo ODgy ,

6T3)06)CT)0O3

<&ajiDOoj Mammat , why do you

«o have to be so apolo-getic about it ? This isnot your house. Isn'tthis a governmentoffice ? That too itis a village develop-ment office of theState government.

That is O.K. I feelthat there is some pur-pose behind yoar visit.

Yes. You have gues-sed it correctly. Nowlet us go to the topic.I want to conduct aninterview.

OJ Interview? I am notthat important a per-son to be interviewed?

What do you lack ?Aren't you the bestGramasevak in theState ? You are therecipient of that award.Isn't this much of pre-face sufficient ? MayI start the questions ?

Everything can beas you order. I am apublic servant.

283

«ncT)1<9a° ojeji6)QB)a«B (n_|ooruocr)1<ft.s)riJo e>s>uo Y o u h a v e t h e s ty le o f

. raroggo 6inB roor>uuislQe) a g o o d orator , that

, too the style of a poli-tical leader.

Gcr>n5ioaji6>ri5o e>sxM>ef\.

cft§iQQjo<9«)f!53û, CTUOA. 6nj>o6>mortB

aimosna"

cej6j j : c/aroi. carol.

Sir, please don't makefun of me. I am a poorfellow.

Yes. That is O.K.Are you ready ?

S)nr>:

fDOCTOOJgo ,

<ft>6TD<9«)0(SStT)O ?

o^)gjocQ6ni0 orootS 6tD)6or30oaa

Gtft>os)1aj§(?i(3riJ)ej1s)CDa_j

Please excuse me. Ishall be free afterfive or six minutes.Let me finalise this.Today itself I shouldsend this report to theboss.

What is that reportabout ? Is it the ac-count of Family Plann-ing, Sterilisation oper-ation, Co-operativefarming, chemical ferti-lisers, etc?

We have everything.But this report is re-garding the poultryfarming here. Thereare five hundred andseventeen familieshere. OF those familiesmore than three hund-red and fifty havefowls.

284

<sej5u: t/proi. oorai.

(5i0(m1nao wnooi SOB

envies Yes. We can talk aboutcKoeji that later. You first

ra»)ce> finish your work. Ishould not be a hind-rance to it.

VOCABULARY

fflOJgiijJo

scrnra?

dttUBOaJOT).

curocy0

<a,saau

(Braei (56uoro o eoojasm o

ômacroaiAnS

<96ungro

aruosasmo

(jiJOCTVl.oCniACTj

raon^l oaxscnnnoaj u

nJOOJo

coral 0Q)Oc9«u

omaiconcftool

QJCTUDj o cft>(O6TT) o

a.sro<9a°

Cda.os-1(iJg(fS(ijro)(!i3

' s too l ' ca>ooo°

*a,lr' . ojortnTto^

'w indow ' oonDlcro0

' apo logy ' rro(5(3S)0(S

'village development'

'coming, arrival' ge§coo' g u e s s ' OjiraMCHJo

' en ter , c ross ' • (stoei^suo

'd ia logue ' tuâfwi

' in terview' <9>ocii"

' G r a m s e v a k ' CTOIDEOODO

' p reface ' f&ty&epn

' pub l i c ' G<rooJc&>o5

' speaker ' 6)6)craeji

'poli t ical leader ' cftgioaoaa"

' p o o r ' roioncruo

'to correct, to complete''report''superior officer, boss'

'family planning''sterilization' wurr fa/loo)

'co-operative farming''account' cAotfi

'poultry farming' ""Sflft}0

'wind'

'door'

'office'

'government'

'aim'

'topic, subject'

'face to face'

'individual''defect'

'gift, award, prize'

'command'

'one who serves'

'idiom, style'

'to make fun of,to laugh at''delay'

'operation'

'fowl'

'obstacle'

285

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks using the correct fonns of the words given in thebrackets. •

, cruo(?>, eroiooil

2 . 6TS)6!Jt30c<9Qo <a>LD<fljg1 AOSTTlSTDo.

3 . n^mic f ts 0 gQmoraifflnn

4 . agjoroiosr

5. oôoajo cue/la^ cncofOo <e,(iib<m«mwo6m". ( )

7.

8 . C O J O K & J CT)1cs?)o a ioca / lao"

9.

10.

11.


6iC5i

2. nQG)ri&a oie/loo)

3 . |D£S)U crufbc96)i

4 . crncr/laa" Sf33

5. crooiS

6.

7 . gocrra 6)S)ciJofi3(5cmroo rni6icTT> ffinjo<9i(B6mo ?

8 . CfflOCg, CD06)g C

9 . o^)CT)1<9av ego

1 0 . (3IBOJOo<9au n^)g_|

1 1 . fSTO jOBo JVJOCQ) : ? .

1 2 . : (St9S>(tS)Oe>tBS> aS\s>Vm cftOSTDOo.

Ill Transform the following statements to their corresponding negatives.

1 . 6TO)6013Ooc96Jo gDfflD 6)6>CU<0jCS(TnfO6

2 . COi60t3Oo o^)S)fl30

3 . cojsrra R D O O T ^ " OTOTCDTID cfbOsroorti Onj0d9>si§;

286

4.- (ryeo csflooQioooirab (BOiooiogo

5 . 6T!J)6OT3Co<8Su COOCTUOJgo

6 . GAOsnajgcSranne/lfflCDoJ

7 . (Bracgao(0iiJ)i6)cn(yoo1 cnamoocsso cur>ca>6m».

IV Expand the given sentences using three or more additional words.

2 . oQg joaKaaao OIOOQ)1C96>6TT)O.

3 . (3TBSgnO(OIO)T (SCli0

4 . Col 6>.ajqg)«B2go.

5.

6.

7.

' 8.

9.

10.

V. Use in sentences of your own.

VI Fill in the incomplete dialogues.

I . & . C a J § 0 CT)!?)<fl«>0 n\)(Sce6)CTUo <ft,06TDG6TB ?

B

B- •

2 . A - (8TOOJ(%c0So K T O J 1 ( ! S ) O (3T5)OrOJSi<SS)STDo. (BfOCllfo

B

A - aKoe/l6>cQ)os)<es> gDcnrannaom ajVI<$<9«(j6mo?

ai6)0octnogo (awojcuicatosm)". raroorra 6)JUC5J6>§.

B • , ; . . . •

287

3 - A - fB9 ALDAgieicfflgjooT (T)1s)0Q)6)rro>a>1ejo or

B.

A - Qffluajjrtnl raragj. av>t!nljiri06rroo. cnog6)(oro> a loo ia jB is i i cni croocroofoi

cSSlSTDo.

B:

A . QrusTesciQJO? cr)1oD6)ce6)amTcT)p crusT? gow rruooruflocrxanniaej

cngj (srea>,jonj<a>cr>(!£j m l ?

4-AB . cfl>ejoiE6mjuejc9«)onB6)s Agiccsajo? o )cra)06rtD A L D ?

AB . <a>06m6rT)o, gonnicw (5'cr9n-jt!ns> om ajOsms

gO1!) e9>LQ OJg6)fD OD£Jrtr>0<B6TDO ?

A- • • • • • • •

fi.- COfoT. gDRBriJ^ (J3nJ0J)6)S qjCTTO s1i9S)OQ OnqjcM CUO60l36rD».

A- •

A

• • : • • ' < :

UNIT 7

LESSON 25

cai6rra:

CONVERSATION

ooisrra: OTOIUBO

(mourn:.

goaneo?

ni6mT

ca.tf1.66)0.

a )on1<s«

nniomooft?

! (miomocii Mummy, I am terriblyhungry. Is there any-thing to eat ?

o jsorcnejo nnioDocti acusm Always you want some-goog-jo a_i(23>srsocQ>1. 6>«)sno thing to eat. Now it

is 12 O' clock. Youhave your meals.

oai6r«(mo. ocusio scrroiniogj I don't want rice. Isn'tthere anything else toeat ?

288

289

COJOO n-iiswrn a£)gg> Gararoo gyp

n>0(u1aj6Mnti>

(grama: <D6n§u. (3T9gg

CC1J6TTO: £B(B>1.

raw inn:

ruocooaS

cam ? ajejnooro(5io)i6>o9o

CQQJO nJOCSJO?

mcooo gesreo?

CDOrD6iJt306injggo 0)0(06013

What else do you needthis noon ?

Don't you have morn-ing's tiffin?

Yes. I have. Is thatsufficient ?

Yes. Putttf and bana-na will be more thansufficient. But withthat you should giveme something todrink also.

There is no difficultyfor that. Isn't theresufficient water in thetap ?

Mummy, do you alsohave time to cut jokes ?What is this, mummy ?Shouldn't I drinksomething with thesnacks ?

You should. Whatdo you want ? Tea ormilk ?

Who wants such thingsin this hot sun ? Doyou have lime juiceor something of thatsort ?

There is no lemon toprepare lemon juice ?

Then what shall I drink,mummy ?

22—3 CIIL/M/80

290

tsctrerta': •• mnsi l . <nra>1. <

oaroi .

<si»otoo6na

8OJ6r»: e(06im1 ^

There is butter-milk.Isn't it sufficient?

That's enough. I likebutter-milk better.

O. K. You will haveganecsgjo. gocrn cnT g<DsnDigo1oQ)1 some comment to

raroci/lsis csiac/Bfj-joggnnncmcQJsr 0 make regarding every-thing. Now you maygo to the dining hall.The butter-milk jar ison the table itself.

ctDO(03(9<s6n§o ? tsroam Is there only the jaror some butter-milkalso ? Mummy, youbetter check.

Venu, please dont' dis-@6tr»i6)C!Q)06n§u t u r b me. Look here.

ccusrp:

cr)1<nb<96)6n§. s c n o a s " . n^ )^ iE0(2

cncooQ)°ce6)Oci4! ani6Bi3Oo6>c96>06>c96> ojoo)uc96)0aai>, W h a t l o t o f c l o t h e s

ajTgcnjoooo, raraejaaonoo Q6)c96) 6TO)0ni «ns)rm I have t o wash ! Y o u

all want only me tocook, serve, wash, etc.for all of you.

cooraogo cssoaii 6) j(5joora6n|u I Mummy, even 1 haveajocefic96>6roo,

KGQ)1C96>6TT>O.

s)o> O J E J

rajo1<96>6mo, to do a lot of work.o_fl6>om n_ig© <9jg1c96)6mo. (BTD6313 ' I s h o u l d r e a d , w r i t e ,

§6n§°. study, pass the exa-mination, etc., etc.Then I should playfootball. Like thatI have many things.

rawaxp:'tool. oaroi. miacrJo

a>s1<9«o.sorra That is correct. Please

stop your lecture.Come and drink thebutter-milk.

291

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

1 . §009 rUOOo aJOi<9S>00&

2 . goa <r>§-aJS8° cnicnaa

3.

4 . 63CO3

5. affl<T)1<flao cruimifli

B. Build up drill

Modelg(S6neo?

gesnso?

gcsreo?

nnmocra

ruoocyocii

(rtgnJ

<ft>o6rr>orr5 cgona

3° ojgas)<sTcT)1s mftnl, .

CTOIODICD <9>O6mon5 i ona

COJQO (3I3)f!Blll1gJCgJO.

OjigOUOnOo <SOJ6>O )

flJCQ)Oc9ffl0CTOo , ailgCTUOODo 0016)0

OJ0Q)°<9«)0CWo,

'•'"•"s''lor:1- >

292


ajooo/l<e»oa3

2.

3 . (BTDCflffi,

nnicmooft

4.

a{J)(ZST!3)OCT3

D. Expansion drill

Modelo(j)CT)Te9S <SCU6TOo.

escusm..

293

OJOS<&>

2 . m>cu<b<m

nJOOQIOOiJ

s" njocoooi

fBianj(&(6au raw)

E. Transformation drill1. roocuifflej c8is1e9«>oo5

2.

. curocsmo?

ojroc6mo?

etusma.crusrs.

3 . (3T9e1(2_)OCQ)o nJOOQioni g r u i a s oj(D<S6mo?

(BTae1(2_J00Q)o rUOOOJOOb fDO/l6)S ClJfD<S6nS?

4 . c r o i m l a i &>osmc>db (3TOOJCTOO

oruimTin cftO6iDOoS raracunao

5 . r^)S)oJr> ^ 6 > s cftigT<a6)Ocf5 CDTOQJO O J O .

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks choosing the correct form1. rogj croiooiinj^ ag)gyoaJfl<9ao

njocooab)

2.

3.4.

6nnorrao

, <a>osmodb,

cncnoQ)°c9«>6)§)

294

5 . <3TOe1(Q-J0QQ)o OjOOOJOOfi (ST0OJS)Cn . (<X>'\ribg&, OJ igTc08 ,

6. <s

7 . ojT§snsoc9s)Ori5 njemajo COJCTDO. (oru<EQ2)ajo, njejanoroaj

cftiOJo)

8. (5^

9 . : 6)<ft>0§<9«)0rii gDCUi6)S {g)rU ^ ^ J . (tai!)ait&<SQo, (3I0OJS)g,

1 0 . oroA<96)rruu <ft.o6monJ eaJgoabo gfe6>s 6TS)onoo ? (cn_io^

Cf>_IOcfti(B§O)

II Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the words given in the brackets.

2 . (OifflOOD cruaiOQJo ge&neo?

3.4 . croicnim cooroogo oJ6tDo cai6ngeg-)0. (<ftosnDu)

5 . (BT

6 . (Si?)

III Fill in the gaps suitably.1 . sia/lraio ouoroogo nJ6TDo

2.3.4 . ClBOttB (3>CQ)1ro3o, fflOJgjSQJo enj6IDo .

5 . nQGiabo CTOJOSIO (ÔDronsfiroi igonro eicucruo

6 . <3

IV Ten incomplete sentences and ten verbs are given . Choose the correctverb for each sentence and complete the sentence using its suitable fonn.1 . (SB) csr§iaig-jS'c0s>oroci& croooiecn scrro GnnostrAtsi .

2 . ojaiaooroo gDci/)6>s

3 . c9)LQc9)§1

4 . Qcferog croaios<9«)ora36)s aQ6n§oj1ra1<"i/lcTO

5 . (SIB) C9JO(&Ô OD°1

6 . CSIORB cflssiaaooiJ (aro§c96)gca)iGajo|

7.8.

295

9. ggOTrfl ODT druoeto?

1 0 . . C a J d c j — — (Broom roiocm

( ) 0 , oJOQQl", OJ06iJBic96)0 , >5r\ <3e>",

C U l g C T l j " , CTXDQQ)°,96>O,

6)6nS0c96>o

V Using the following table construct as many sentences as possible. Thewords may be changed into their different forms for the construction ofa variety of sentences.

6TWOCTO

nicyorowii

m l

cruicnioi

o i ls"6DQfTDu

CDO6)|J

OJOOQ)1c0S)0

Cl/)g1c9«>u

VOCABULARY

GCDCOo

'hunger''noon''time''lime juice''opinion''to wash''to cook''to wash''to study''to pass, to win''play'

(ra-JOQXXTOo

mcsooo

erasmT

ci/lgcnj°

rural <saj

'to eat''difficulty''heat of the sun''some other thing''jar''cloth''to serve''to write''examination''lecture''ball'

NOTES

7.25.1. This lesson introduces the purposive infinitive which indicatesthe purpose of the action denoted by the verb. This is formed bythe addition of the suffix -owjoft to the verb stem.

e. g, o^)cn1c9«o <9js1c9S)oa5 n^fflcrwffijiejo cojetDo.

I want something to drink. '

7.25.2. The -iBragig0 as in 6>aiQQ/l£jgGD° indicates the location.

UNIT 7

LESSON 26

CTUICOCDOO0 ojai1<e<s>oa&

CONVERSATION

5: ojiggcnxxso, <3T9G63i306i§omo (smoc9«)6TDo. Pillai Sir! Please look

there.

What is the specialitythere?

You please read thatnotice.

: r )(TO)06m(Tj)1fo3? (worficss cuooQ)1c9«)ocTi njosi Wha t is there in i t?

<s§y? Can't you read?

; ag)C70)O61T)nji6)S o / l (SC/OnM o ?

: croonS orai cmogToro0 sem

: crarai. 6ro>oa3 go6)<9s> rruoift? O.K. May I read it' . aloud?

296

297

GOJO,

coral.. crooA <8c&>ooc9«>6rr>o. " g x u i f f l s CTUICD

raoo"

a i e / l a w <ft>oro,}o?

croooi6)aSo tajogfltoj ear)0<3s>6rr>o.

oroicotDoogj.

eno° grro eonogicruisinbo

rtnooi

a^)m1c06)o1cQ)oa3

. (/oral, nômorai ftnooS

aonro

ajej1<s«)Ooft

ra3§°,

ejOCSJJOJ 65CTTOO §rU8CQ)0Cn1c9«>0ri5 r

ag)(TDora5 ru ioc r r )

Read. Do you needany special order orpermission for that?

O.K. You shouldhear. "Smoking isprohibited here."Is it that big a thing?Isn't it? Look atyour hand. What isthat?

Is this what youmean? This is not acigarette. Isn't it acigar?

Does it mean that onecan smoke cigar, bidi,etc., here?

Yes. I can smokecigar. That is themeaning of this notice.

But I don't feel so.

Then what is the in-terpretation? You tell.I don't know theinterpretation, etc. Iam not a scholar.

That is O.K. Thenyou please tell itsgisi or idea.

Here. nobody shouldsmoke. Nobody shoulduse cigarettes, bidiscigar, pipe, etc.

Then shouldn't theywrite like that?

298

gD(S(2)o

coon

(B6n§oft.

oroo6>d6>mD cgra)<5<aajnj1<9S)rojg)u.

rawjCeftaanjGmo, ruroianocruemo carogj. cuocrâi

ai06nDu. tmo6)cr)OfS3 6nj(au1(D'5cftaicTocT)06rri)u.

coral , cruocft.

croocBoooênjsol

j . (Braroio6mT

(BT8(Sji_jOt» arooffloor>isnjajuT<9fflO(?i

Aren't we all educa-ted? Shouldn't weunderstand at least thismuch?

YOU are an intelligentperson. You canunderstand everything.I am just a fool.

You shouldn't teaseme.

This is not a tauntor sarcasm. It isjust the truth. Youare an intellectualgiant.

Yes, Sir. I am notas intelligent a personas you are. But Ihave common sense.Today my omen is notgood. That is thereason for this argu-ment.

Then can the peoplewith common sensebelieve in omens, as-trology, etc?

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill1 . gDo/l6>s oruicnrooo" ojej1<e«)oni

2 . rarajttB

3 .

4.

5.

ecnocesorii

299

B. Build up drill

Model '

1 . gJ6)AO§a«)O

j0§c96)0n

6>cftiO§t9«>Oa&

2.


O10CQ)1C96)0CT5

2 . gDCni ajO5)(tib CT)i65BOo ^ ^ rUOCQJOaS

06mOO&

3 . tsTO0Q>O6>g

.4.

30Q

oj1oBjoro1<a«)on5 n jos leg j9

OJCOOdb nJO§GSTSO?


Model

0f>i6!513Oo<98

.1. (sacuca" raraj

2 . njmTcfls>orooro0

3 . gOB n-JOêftio

4 . tBra> oroicni ia

5 . rara) rooocroô

E. Response drill

Model

oJO§C6ngo?

ruocoooS raJO§C6meo ?

1.2.

.3.

. 0T)O6)g

raosoro

cu1§1ra3

<9jg1<9«3(BiD0?

301

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the words given.1 . cno6>g ajmttft aft

2 . <3J

3. ôoroirai n-ja> ojaiicesooS — — — ?

4. fB«)(03o cBej^nty^Rntnoria o jos ig j . ( )

5. eoDoglov OJooQiicsaooS (3>m1a«>o rarocroojoso coicsmo?

II Fill in the blanks sjitably.1 . (awoa)oooc&s<fiO(2)o tsrog

2.

3. go1!) cssoe/l — 6)ajcgj0o. raimaa

4. onjicnrooo" mo^digj, .ajfiBSjeiuorrroo cuejiaôna n_ios1gj.

5. fDi) aj3<9)4<!in5)i6>nSo acno ruoogi.

6. njisiocnjcnjcrrwicss0 a.oro,j6iJT3go aia

Ill Restate the following questions using the verb form with — o»x> makingappropriate changes in the words.

1 . CDISJBOO §DGr>_jO©3

2 . raroaita (SO) esgoaaT

3. maffiOo mrs6!jB6icr) ruocajooft nJ0§G6n§o?

4.

5.

6 . CniOTBOo ag)6)0D gD60T3S)OD

IV Fill up the incomplete dialogues.

1 . A oiBft jo, 6fs\oao<> (Sid) nroioDim <B,osrnoctb ojfocsgo?

B

cft>O6m6TT)o.

BA og)cp1t96)1cnT rai5) cruAi06)cruo <ft>06rr)6ns.

302

. A : . . . . 'B n-JOSigJ. CnlOQliCgJOCo oJ.gJ6)ai§<3o t9iSi<96)OCt5

A

o_ion1s>c!Q)06)<96) GoJ06>§. o j i s x m cn1s>riSo

3 . A omonncno cncgcea" cajsnsojinribo ailgiiab (SaJOtft.00. OJO.

BA (8ro6KO)(T0)O, ^ g ° (wocTumcaJiBOffi

B • • •A <&>§1<SS>0CTDo (n_JC(m^c9>o 0TO[BCS2)o

B

VOCABULARY

cmogloro" 'notice' gos><e« 'loudly'

'separate' §(oto)rocuu 'order, command1

'permission' ojejiaa" ' to pull, to smoke'

'cigar' snjiojul 'bidi'

'meaning' ctoioomrab 'feeling, intuition'

'interpretation' . oJ6Tru/lnnna 'scholar'

'gist, summary' <gi§>w>oo)o 'idea'

'pipe' gnjecojocnidK)" 'use'

'write' ajisiooroonjoTxa 'educated elites'

'to understand' 6njauTinoa5 'intelligent man'

'fool'—(masculine) csra^dhaao-iW 'tease, insult, taunt'

osra>(S(ftainjo 'taunt, insult' ruroinoocroo 'sarcasm'

' 'truth' ' snjeuyiroodKHcroab 'intellectual giant'

'common sense' uv&cno 'omen'

'argument' os,jo(on)4o 'astrology,

afl</9jcru1c9fi>o ' to believe' •.-... - J f , „ , ,

303

NOTES

7.26.1. This lesson introduces another prohibitive form "-"osigy. Thisalways follows the verb with the purposive infinitive — (sa,cS>,This can be used with or without the dative case.

cftOSTDOCfl nJOs i f i J .a,36morf> ôsigy. J Children should not see.

In sentences of type (a) the degree of command is stronger,where asthe type (b) sentences just state the facts. But this distinction inmeaning is not made on all occasions.

7.26.2. Note that -the structure, "ojosigy" does not have an affirmativecounter-part with "asrmu" statement. Instead the -V3T9>o construc-tions are used.a{j)m'l<9s'J aroicncooo" aje/ldWiOo.

I am allowed to smoke cigarettes.(I can smoke cigarettes.)n^cnTaa" croicnrooo" aje/laoocib njosigj.

I should not smoke cigarettes.

However the interrogative form ojoscxsnso? is used as a substi-tutable form with the -<si$o construction.

§DCLli6)S

fDCUifflS î-J«B| OJ£j1i96)0(B(I10?

Can one smoke cigar here?

UNIT 7

LESSON 27

CONVERSATION

(DOCJOQJOft: (sroennr® nj(£5)ii i06no croo(?>?

croo<9i :

: cruooloo" aoloo) (8T9O1OQ)O<S(BO?

(TO0c33 :

Which is that newspaper ? Is it MalayalaManor amai

No. This is an Oriyanewspaper.

Do you know Oriyalanguage also?

Yes. I know. Thatis my mother tongue.

304

305

(DOCDOJOb: .<B19gD6><fii>0§gtOo« OrUOOCoJOOo

: tsrogj. 6ro>oa8 <3ra>6rro°

: a-flocm cruooiao0 mejcojogo

(TOOdfe : 6K!)0<T)TEn_|OOo 61(03 ffiEJOOJOgo

: <m>a>osrnu oroooisxnfio majcoiogo

: 6>6M>oryo'l(!J& e n s

(0>Tc$y

6)(0TB»

That's fine. Aren'tyou a Malayali then?

No. I am an Oriya.I am from Orissa.

Then how do youknow Malayalam?

I am a Malayalamstudent now.

Who is your Malaya-lam teacher?

'. eoro There is a language(siDOils institute at Mysore.

That is the CentralInstitute of IndianLanguages. I am astudent there.

: 6)6)aicryo1«ib raraRSBocn SOB fDO&(j\/lorH|G6n3o? Is there such an ins-

titute at Mysore? Sofar I didn't knowabout this. How manydays training oneshould have to learn alanguage there?

ono§6>RTO>

fDggcuoro

S « B SOOM o_ioTc9s>ooft

«soa6mo?

o<a.o<p0croo6m©

t8>o£j<ora>1or>1sca«>0 ««» §&

(BiS)6rn(5>T6)oflo

</Bo. (BI§) njro,jscT)€a>oejaiosrrou 6nn60T30o<96>'l(2njooo

ojroicoiejcn It is a ten monthscourse. Duripg thetraining there is atour programme. Itis aimed at the lan-guage environmentstudy. Now we areon that tour. .

23—3 CIIL/M/80

306

^ - ^ ^

§DoyiLOO0Q)O?

cugsxo

cu

0B)O<SIDO?

H O W

contact programmelast?Two weeks.

much.

p a r t y o n s t u d y t o u r .

That's fine. I am

y "SS. C-ages do you know? Doyou know all of them?

saiocno I don't know all thekn6UageS- J r MOriya and Bengali verywell.

Don't you know Hindi?

. tv;Assamese. I can un-derstand Telugu alsoto some extent.

307

<roo<9i : sg&j. ia&jQQ)ogo oôoicea cncraooofi <sroo1 ao>ort& I don ' t k n o w Malaya-

(Bcngy1ejo<ss)0(sono cuoooAseioacna l a m very we l l . I

aQfanoaao rarooioaJOo. don ' t have much o f

n_i6>sm aiejoQ)o§1<a>6)§oo_j06)ej cruooroofoiceaocnoi a dif f iculty to under-

oaflgj. (BTonnicro <9iS)o (ojc!Q)oafV)i56nsu. egcniayo staDd or read. I k n o w

n-io1<fl€iono6ni0. how to wr i te also.

But I don't know howto speak like theMalayalis. That issome-what difficult.I have yet to learn.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a 1 . CT>i6Bi3Oo<0au (BEJcsjogo

2 . n )CT)1<96)° 6wn£je>° 01000)1 aaoriS OTDOICSDO

3 . rooôjioTOo nJ6r§

4 . agjsiobo (3T9or)1cs2)CT!) cni6ot36)g

5 . (BTOOQ)ooocsau gDocn°

6 . 0Di63BOo<ea° ©oico)

7 . 6nJ06nj(u1oDo mejoojogo (BWOTQBJOCTJ

2.

3.

B. Expansion drill

Model

6)cftiO<3gOo.

6>cft>Og5§Oo

(B0<JUpJ61cng_jOC)1

6>u £D0CJL)rU6)CT)n_|OOi tS

,?.;*«,..,•-•-...•

308.

.1 • • . 1

1o fbwaioo£Bi<saociao

'tfry.{ 'A

mionaa" ajooaJiasiocroo

i cn1cr)<98° motgjeooM a^)ynj)ooroo ojocryiaaocroo

' 2 . mocuo-flies0 rarooTcsyoo

f i s . Q <DCTT)OCS2)10 cDcmoooil

3 .

0 njainnocoo

(BTOOTCXBOOJ

CnCTT)OQQ)T

a 0 oncmocjoji

CT)0fT)OC!Q)1

CT) i60H|6)S SOoM

C Substitution drill

(3tSClJ6)(0

CT)T6)CTO

onrmooa)!

cncmocol

fsraoganflnwioB0

t c i - r : . ! - • i f r f',^'

SOOM CR>ocrooco1<9s>ooft

C. (BQ)

SOrftt

Oils"

coocu>°

309

r • l

1 M .


Model 1

(STBOiOQJOOii

eooM cmooTcaiOo.1 . ororoggg"

2 . CT)1(DcSSo

3 . 6I!!165130oc9So (SO) eOoDTCTU

' 4 . (Btanj(?)<96>o CT)i6)Oi5o (gro.gIj6>cr>

5.

Model 2roooDgg" CSJLQ ruooo)ori5

roocogg" (9>LQ njocffionb

1 . fflcyajionJo GnJ&/\<m" LQ

2 . n£)6>a5o oiooniaDaso CSOJCOO oosoab

3 . 6TW6013JS61S CT)Og<SjOtSc9«° t9>LDc9)§1

5 . (sroffignrxorofioro0 gDocn

CBTaoiOQJOo.

<3T8Oi0Q)0o.

g6nsoc96)oci5

E. Response drill

Model

310

J . A orvooicro" mocjocLiCTcn (STOOIQQJOCOIO?

BA rarogDKAOgJgoo. (sroajoao CTUOQO sera

2 . A croooias" 6rcn6m3<a6>s cnosiosgmoeaojo?

B 1 CDi60i3g6>s

A 6)cft.OggOo . —

3 . A cTuooios0 AJOOQJ coie6ns?

B ccuCTie. atycri) <ss roooiiwai oai6ns.

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the words given.

2 . ran>ai«B6>s OJ°1SU ratooicsDOo. (aity)

3 . cno6)g aimtt

4 . (SR«i§an(oro)1or90

5 . cTOffltoosotiJinora0 ajroiico) ojejanoroo Q6rsos&ocA

6.

7 . stm eooii nJo1c06)ocS rugggmooroo

8 ; CD16!FBOO<0SO


1 . ogjgjo (DOCTOCIJO (saemt — n-iro^scoo

2. ———3 . (5T3) <Sn_10c9iOOS (SCUfflO (3B)geftit» (S(lJ6TT)o.

4.

5.

6. erroKsra^sis soon cruooicro"

7.

. 8 . (8T8)

311

III Answer the following questions.1 . Ct»i60BOo<9«0 n^)(® SOoMtftOo (BTSOicOJOo ?

2 . n^g jo eofo«j)"lcx2) eooM<fl>go cn issBOo^" CSIB.OIQQJOOIBO?

3 . c n i s r a g a s (anxgjcra0 gDoco°gTnMu n^ynnocwo , QJOOQ)1<eooaao

4 . eorannimwiwej n^g jo (yjoaieoBfflgajooicsyo co1cn<sao1cxDoaft

5 .


1- A . ffliTO'* mmoryscnanSo

fi. • • •

A. tsra) csoocu>i6>abo tsaxseae (araooonmno? <BrogD°

B . . . • • ' • . •

A . fflta^ffliSjOggOo. iiicvoryaoDoft roo"ejciiri5 CDOOQ)(!B6)S

B.

2. A.

B.

A. •B . (Bi!>6)(5). (DO(g)eooM«f)6)rm. o-inaai OTJOTBOO

A . CXDOCTTO0. o r o 0 ^ g 1 e j ( . , o i l g i e j o 656><96)

B. • •A . oJis)onr). era)S0T3g6)s (BTBaaoacafflcDggo enjocoogi

6)(hOG)<BG> OTOOiCQlOo. (BT9IBBggu t l D T o s i CTUoCTUOfoiafilOOiJ ffiO(®o CSTOOiOBJOo.

3 . A. cni6OT3g6>s ôoruirai ogjigjcruAtea0 ^ B Aruittn (srooicooo.

B. • •A . C3ra®6)<9>ogg0o. OTiJOcsal m>cb<a&o orooioojicgj? foi) ôoroirai

B.A . <v!CTtt'<9>fl>'l<S£j? ( T O © «ca>oggoo. au1ooToo)1(0

B. •A . traroi. gDGrLjooo or>i6aBgl6)eJoroot)o goa <a>ai1«n

raragg

312

VOCABULARY

n_l(2J)o

fsrooH pp)

a^)65136)m

O_J0 id56)

cronutaceaajrairuosi

aJOO).,

croGoroooMo

' n e w s p a p e r ' " ' ''"'- '•'• '•*'J "''; "::'

a popular Malayalam daily '' t o k n o w ' S)<ft>0Q80a

'in which manner, how'' to learn' nJtoitroTejmo

'month ' c<ft.os'0cro0

'period, duration''tour programme' ojmicfuroo'acquaintance, familiarity' alcucruo'contact programme''week''natural beatuy'^ crueiajoroicfeOQ

'study' njro^sroo

'happiness''Assamese language'

'fine'

'training''course'

'environment''day'

'tourists''tour'

MOTES

7.27.1. oraoloo)0 'to know'verb is introduced. This verb stem has a specialbehaviour. The permissive structure of the verb with the suffix.—fsrajo, i.e., (BtooioQioo is used to indicate the '. present indefinite.The negative of this verb is either rarooicH/lgj (i.e., verb stem+f5£J)or the corresponding purposive infinitive+«-i3s1gj i.e.,

J. ogjooicea" maicojogo csrooiccfigj.

I don't know Malayalam.

2-

3.

I don't know Malayalam.

I don't know how to read Malayalam.

It may be noted that, to avoid the repetition of purposiveinfinitive, the form rarooioongy is preferred in sentences of type (3)given above.

313

7.27.2. Note the use of the verbal expression "6><e>o§§oo". The verbmeans 'to receive' 'to have upon', etc. But tha permissive forms)cs.oggOo is used in many contexts to indicate agreement,

surprise, appreciation, sarcasm, etc. The negative correspondingto this is »cfl>o§§1gj like raraoioo/lgy

UNIT 7LESSON 28

ODOSeEbo <ft)06fT)6rDo.

CONVERSATION

gogj.

(Broffi(jO)o saj(/5o

fsrat®

aiocuajnb: oro^6)efl30ggoo. raraonjoaJOCQJOs)cnos)cS6) (srooicDJOo rarocgj?

ra)6)cro. m l

Walk fast, Suku. Thereisn't much time leftfor the drama to begin.

I cannot walk as fastas you. My legs arenot as long as thoseof yours.

That is fine. Thatmeans you know how.to talk. Don't you?You are really cleverThen let us do onething. You go alone.I am not for the drama.I have to go some-where else.

314

315

CTV<SJ:

ggco/lejoarro0 <ssnu,j6)iB^p0.

(uioonDo

O O J § O .

So soon you are out of

moods? You are too

short tempered.

Again you are

ing.argu-

cncgosa ojtfcsa gssans. cnosA N o , bro ther . L e t US

>. go3 cnoscft>eBrB)i6)ej OOJSOOJI not quarrel. Le t us -

go for the drama. It

seems that the king's

role in that drama is

very good.

6>cn

(3ID65B That means this is a

c9.omjo. puranic story. That's

nfl)or>1<e«)1 cnosefco cflj06mooft gDragEigj. i t . T h a t is w h y y o u

foosoajlooioapo, oosmicsyesajjo <a>L06ics>oorrao have so m u c h interest.

But I don't like to see

this drama. I don't

like the stories of kings

and queens.

cry A : ojiaanr) OTIOCTS

: onioocea" 6ioogg

ODsaaooft or/lor><es

onT nnop'I.Qj

Crfl(tibtB6io • 6T3)OCli&

ai1§1<9fflS)§. oalcncea (ffroaJ6)abo (3IDCT)1CQ)S>OSO

CpDjOdfeOo .

Ihen can I go alone?

roo(®1 eoogg Can you ? Aren't you

(3Tog)6)<9>osn§ afraid to walk alone

oVl ÔJISIS at night? So you

shouldn't go alone.

You stand here. Let

me call a friend o f

mine. You can go

with his younger bro

ther for this drama.

rara63i36KT) (si5)rtB6)s gb6>s6)oo;&>iejo cojo<9>ooft Can I go like t ha t

njo§<s6n§o? (STB«J)1OO° (sraaimas (BTOooajoso with anybody ? D o n ' t

aoj(S6riB? ' ' I need mummy's per-

mission for that ?

316

; Of/lffldio gaJCS8(/96)<BO0nR>o

ffiigj. cftiOfOô nJO. (DT(T)<9QO

6HD8SrT)0,

maaxuaS: c/sro1. taronniaro

gro or>§ cooajuicejo?

: CBTDGK5I3OS GOOOtSfi)0. (Sid) (B(DraTO)T610So CaJOgH

eeJO| ro"lra%<9e°. 6rawrii rooa).aJ<Q36iro sura a a l g i

oaroT. , G.oj§aJ COJCDO ojroamo.

nr>1(oia«)oo5

craroi.

coJ0ca>0o.

gD(010(S6mO

^ 6 ) S CUD. CDSj<9Bu tatSCB6!513O;

For the time beingor>os«&.o cft>o I don't need your

advice. You tell methe thing. Do youwant to see this dramaor not?

I want to see.

O.K. We can findout a way for that.You wait here.

On this main road?

Look there. Youstand under thatmango tree. Let mecall Ramachandran.There, that is his house.

O.K. But you shouldcome quickly. I amafraid to stand alone.

Is this your greatness ?Alright. You alsocome with me. Letus go there.

cniajio

EXERCISES

Fill in the blanks using the conesponding forms of the words given with-in the brackets.

<v;-; -1.

3.

\"': ,4.5 . cft>LDcft>Oo

6. crrt croionimgji ojosigj.

317

(SK9(SflHl6)S (SiaODOJOSo (801(56010 ?

8. gyo OJOIOJOSI <a.osmoaS ODtgaa0 ans ? (228J)

, 9 • CT> I (3T06t2Uf0CU6)ro (5td)

10.

Oil8^0(5LDicft.6)g


l .2.3. roocugg" gomicsjio cooroogo GJSOEJI gcsneo?

4 . oral mos<ft>(m!5)i6)ej mocx»a>Qri5o

5.

6.

7. <sra> <ft,ajT«ncQ)6)s raroi© mgionTaysis

8 . fDID c9j0ro^S)ID06)<96> 6><ft>0.gJ<fl3§Te9jOo nJOCQIOOii ?

Ill Use in. sentences cf your own.

, <ia>cnjo, gtoraroai"aj1c9S)0.

IV Using the following frame construct as many^sentences as possible,

(S£U§a5

roog.(BTOOgcvOo

13T9III&

crumT

cnos°

oils"

aorLDTcru"

(J/)0(Bo

CD0(i<ss)0ou

CT)os<a>o

eonM

cruicnim(910(0^0

CaJOA.0

•ftosrw"

OJOOQ)1c9«)u

aJOgsni"

nJOSi^J

rareoTooiOo

(3T9OiC!Q)1gJ

rarooiaDfflne

V Answer the following with reference to the conversation.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ooogg

£g<o«iii6)a5o 03011^0?

318

VI Fill in the incomplete dialogues.

1. A ccutoo a!© (ooaoi. &ocrv

B

e b c r i i (3K>U)1<a>o

ojoo&XBjgg0. coajt&& 09(O1CQ;OQQ)1

B

2. A

•'..' B

" • ' / ' A

B

A

B

6D0Dia}>o (SI0(t)lll6TT)1 ^ ( S GOJSTDo. 00032)1

C9J(32)O

A n-li6KTDCTB)0?

B

S3B|)6o_IOQJS3B|)6>S

cni6ai3oo<e«)ai(ra6)s ruralruos1<fl)6)@g_|oo1

' I ' '•'••••' i " ' • • ' • : ' < * < < > • i s - - : - : r : "••.•

H.'.TI.J'; l : , - f .v ; i i ' , i • ' • . i ' - . , ' " ; " . . " ; ; . . • ' :

UNIT 8

LESSON 29

CONVERSATION

cnbcoxft ono§1s)ai

cryajiaooaflraniescomo?

(3T8)6nau <ft.oto6mo

OJEJIOQ) OJIOMCDO

6>ar>gsg ffl

(3roaj

What is the news atyour home town ? Areall at home well?

Not bad. But fatheris very sad. Thereason is that his sonsare not there with him.

Isn't your youngerbrother Bhaskaranthere? What does hedo?

319

320

0)500(5: esoej i acnrao ©.aJcmomigj. rataaioro He is not doing anywork. He is worriedonly about his partyaffairs. He hardly hastime for food andsleep. Day and nighthe is immersed inparty propaganda.

. raraegy?<63§

mooQ)(5: o ^ c o r o o , ratowtinocnDo

rB0LQ(5 : (BTDimiraiceofflg. g o c n j o o o <Bta>rag(3ro)T6)ej

That is it. Then Bhas-karan is a mini leader.Isn't he?

I don't know all that.

That is O.K. Howis the political situa-tion in Kerala now?

nJnS)TciJ(JnJ06)ej (U16)nD. 0ruCB(D60T3go

c g j o . (3ro^6)cft>06n|

aas oraegj?61fB5

(STB6)C!TI.

Every thing is as usual—strikes and rallies.Now there is noemergency. So peoplehave freedom foranything.

Nair, in your placethe strikes, rallies,etc., are a routineprogramme. Aren'tthey? Didn't youalso have a friend—abig revolutionary?

Who is that ? Are youreferring to Vikraman ?

Yes. What does hedo now?

321

(3n>6K3)0«B d9iLOCH)06TOu.

gDCn_poo •

aonoo gogj.

OTOOJCTO0

(STOGD6>ift>0S&3o (3ra60B6)CT)6>CQ)0ra3 (BOOOCIBO?

iftgi cssoejTsio&oonroo

(8TOOIS)CT)0(!B

CnJOOo.

04

C 9 . 0 Q O ,

gcsrso ?

(HK)60T361CT> (UfO6>§. CSTOCnJOOo (3T8(U6)0(5o

<9jOtD6TT)cSSlO(S

£9«5iaio§1oo)(sgj?

(3TB(o>n6)n5o cnfflcsjJo,

That is a story . Hei6 not as he was earlier.Now he doesn't havea!hy revolution orstrike. Now hedoesn't even pronou-nce the name of com-munism.

That is fine. Such achange? Doesn't he doany party work now?

No. Now he is amini capitalist. Hehas got his ownhouse, car, coconutgarden, etc.

That is fine. Does hehave coir businessalso?

Yes. He has a smallfactory. Then hiswife's people are alsorich.

That is it. So theyare responsible for hisprosperity. Aren'tthey?Their generosity!

Could be. I don'thave any interest inhis affairs. He doesn'tremember the oldfriends. Isn't hea capitalist? Thenshouldn't he showthat pompgance?

and arro-

24—3 CIIL/M/80

322

DRILLS =• "

A. Repetition drill

2 .

,3- oolsiisgas

5 . (aracuai OCTTOO

- 6 . eroociS

7 . owogooo onogisd

, 8 , cnimriio

B. Build up drill

Model

CT)i60B§6)S

1.

jQ^cra.?

ojoccwiaaono?

ajo1<9acrn1cgj?

COi60BO> gDGcvJOOo (EaiOQJOgo

6J0(b<sacaD0?

3.o/lgiaecra

315

C. Substitution drill1 . (BToegruOo ajrartco gooM CR>ocnJ£imTc6aon9.

aJOldMJCTK)

2 . 6TO>6!J13C»

3. cftmejo ajlgirai


Model 1(Btaoiia ooomoool

orooiA flocmoca/i c s o e j i na

1 . <ft§1<ftiOo ognniQQ) eooMoSiOj ruolcsarrra.

2. (Bwcgnno (oocufflCQ) Gn£iO6m1(3i oi1g1<flaono.

3 . n^gjooirtBo oromcofljnnicro (ÔCTUIRIS oiTOorra.

4 . ratacuia Gnnocjye/litii nnoaicro1<9aorra.

5. (WO) C9J§1 roocuicejogjo, g-ajggo gosogorra.

Model 2a/1 rao's«jT3)1s)(T>

m l raoanmni6)ro

2 .

3. <ft,omcs<jorraci/l6)ej

4 . fatoaitS (Toicnim c9i06rwaio.

5 . fooffirtJ oroicntooo0 ajej1<sdcrt», .

324

Model 3

2 . raraaiai

. 4.

5.

EXEROSES

I Fill in the blanks using the correci form of the word given in thebrackets for each sentence.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

or>o§Ts)ej

cnogitoi GnJOoc&

(srooito3o

7 . ®racQ)os)g

8 . (HiaO16)CT)0«B

II Fill in the blanks suitably.1 . 6KSI0C&

2.

3 . Crfl6!JI3©o SOTTOo

• 4 . —'• (raj(SnJ6)s qjonro sT<e©OQ cuosoijonro.

5 . c936t(JiO)°' (xJÎ6)njggo .

6 . oJOOl t96>O(S CaJ0O° ?

7.

8. ongy

32$

III Transform into negatives.

2 . (H»QJ§O arcs

3 . rsn>c§aO

4 . raroojoo taid)

5 . {atsflxn G.ajocj

e.ojoa'l.eecm'lgj.

IV Trausfonn into corresponding interrogatjves.

1.

2.

3. (Docu

4.

5 .

6 . (Bream

oi«Bcrro.

0 ogfoiiocu orootai 6><ftiO§c9acTra. •

oraoffiooo oieLiaQ)og<m5)1(o3

cTuTcorooo0

V Answer the following questions.

3 . 0Di6OT3gT(S

4 . Cir>i6B13O0 (

5. cniOBO. {

VOCABULARY

OT9) 6TT& (B c96)Oo

ffl o I Op)

©'D6TTT0

O J O ( ? I § T (n_j.oj(DgrnQ

<6a§T (SCDfOTOQJ °

ajo0g0

Oj1<jJOUo

•DOOJISJEJ n^)g© c83sTc9aon

iDorra 6)6)Qjc9>(somfOo oruTcn

'to be''difficulty, sorrow''sons''to do''meals''difficulty''party propaganda''mini leader-'arrogance''revolution'

(9?

lea c9iO6naccmo?

<ft>Ora6TDo

gO«96)o

torn

EJOLD

•TOO?

'defect, damage''reason''for the time being*'thought, worry''sleep''generosity''day and night''political situation''to stentations ness''procession'

326 •

N O T E S _ , • . • . . . • • . • • • . . ^ • a ^ ' - V . - i - ; * r ;

8.29.1. This lesson introduces sentences with verbs in present tense,is the present tense marker.

What does he do ?.

8.29.2. Negative is formed by ths addition cf ie§y after the tense maiker.When it is added the final -§ of -S0™ becomes zero.

He does not do anything.

8.29.3. Note the use of verb stem m^^" made to function as a'to be' verb. This can be replaced by <BQ><>™".

1222° (ig)63i36)cn fDrcflceacrra? How is th is?

But the verb stem sn>ia»o cannot be used as a copula verbsubstituting rata>srroo.

" ' . - • • ' ' : " i .

UNIT 8

LESSON 30

CONVERSATION

micro" gcengo ?

raraeasam? CTUOQ°

6n»£0i3gs)s

How many are com-ing for the feast ? Axethere many peoplefrom outside ? Ifthat is the case I amnot coming.

Why is it so, doctor?You are not a guestin our house.

327

328

COJUO: <aragg cratoi. n^cmoasi n_fl6)cm

rms)orn aiaxwrno?

(r)O6)gca)o<fl>6)§. SDCTO

smodb gocra

COJO.*O

roo. coo.: rarag) o_iosi£j crooro. gDcn8«n6>mr> (roots

g6)S O-flgiKft T

GOJOO:

too. ODO. 6Jamoiii6)(atm

§06TT!)0

: OOGnOO. 6)O^G<L06td&0

O6tno? OIBOOJOOO tsrogj^

gcerea?

roo. cno. :

oj«j3crra:

COJUO: (Siaoqgjo ! (uejico

That is correct. Ifthat is the case shouldI come today itself?I can come at any-time. Let it be to-morrow. Today Ihave to go somewhereelse.

That you should notdo. Today itself youshould come to ourhouse.

Why do you force meso much today?

Tomorrow is Ma-dhuri's son's firstbirthday.

That is it. Is it then thecelebration of yourgrandson's birthday ?Who are all comingfrom your office ?Are all invited ?

Not all. About fiftyor so are coming.That's all.

That is really too big'acrowd.

too. cno.: <arogo crooronflgj. cajuoc§b<& cruo<5 oj<06mo. T h a t d o e s n ' t m a t t e r ,

crooocgj (BracuanSo racftua.cS.? Y o u s h o u l d c o m e ,

. , v <•••••. , . , , d o c t o r . A r e n ' t y o u

"""v* • ' ' • ' . " V ' . " • " ' ; ' * " • ' • " . h i s s a v i o u r ?

T C i"

329

ccu jo : • o j i6ngo <s% OJS>QQ) O J O § " . (3TB6)(o>ocmo n^)6)riio

6rra°. ai6m1<a6)O6rra

(oo. o n o . : riJ(ara)&n§ <B6rniGcfts> gB96ai3crro6ng°

cryiorro consxo

croocj"

aj(06rr)o.

coo. ooo. njnniacnocrw msmicea0 n^)S)o5o

' c t o o o j i gDrtnioej oj«B(TTO6r$o.

(3T0OJ(S6)ca«)06)i9«) CnJ0<fl)0o.

ajroiojosiaooJo-iool otaoicffiOo.

C T O O Q / l i

C9>LD (STOCOJO

6ta)omo6TDGgjo

S)(3nnc!Q)ooo. c/9ta1. c/oroH.

O60T3S)§. <fli±)lBTc96)6TDo.

cgra«ji36Knca)0(S6roo ?

(sraoacroocnsnnoool

(03. ODO.

CDOOQNO <ft.oo1(!j&

. ?

Again you are singingthat old song. That isnot my skill. It isGod's mercy. That isalright. At what timeis the feast? *

gooni ngjauims

v - . | ,-- -.((••';• ;: ' [ , . . - _ '

are starting itat 12 O'clock itself.You should comethere straight from thedispensary. Beforeyou reach, your wifeand children will bein our house.

How is that?

At 11 O'clock myeldest son Gopi iscoming this way. Theycan all go in that car.Your wife alreadyknows about these ar-rangements. There-fore you don't haveto worry.

O.K. Now, is thestory that way? Thatmeans I am the lastperson in your list.Alright. It is time.Let me get out. Pleaseexcuse me.

Good wishes.

Aren't you getting intothe car? Where doyou have to go now?

330

<oo. cno. gocniajJo (oeni'tgora) cniQ£JStB8<fes1 cnjo<ai6rnoi

GOOD.; gos 6)ruoroi6)ojcs»1ejg© msceaonS

ooiane. rsrogj o j o s i g

% cfliOBJQ. gxni) 6ra)ooft nn6)cmc3a)O6rro

e«osm1 raranju/loQfiejosro0.

I have to go to two orthree places more.

Are you intending tofgaSoruiooitBicannacm walk in this scorching

sun? No. Thatshouldn't be done.Don't walk. You getinto the front seat.Today I'am the driver.Johny is on leave.

DRILLSA.

B.

Repetition

1 . OrtBnJC

2 . 610)63131

drill

•)0Oo o j i

iCto (TV 1*1

3o CUi§'

> oros^g^ OKracrraarg0.

I R A CDICTTO QjfOKrrc.

>(& o u i q

3 . CTUOQ i

Expansion

Mcdel

Bcnaro «

drill

yaiaroo1c!B)1(o5 cr>1onD

rara>janj(iO)1 csai tSicni err

3TDC60T33S CUfOSTDo.

flcejog aruOiBitra.

BOo (VIRBCT19.

6l3)69BOs

ClIfOSCTK).

331

1 . ' gDCnO CraJ0<6aCTW6nSo.

§Donro

2. i @

!B6TT)T(8<e6)

3 . (3t!)6TSftJlB6rT)nt9au gDOKJIJCTTO.

§0063150(18.

ODICTTO0


'2.

• <S,OOi(OiODiCTTO0.


Model 1

2 . ffloa)(U6XTio cB3ej1iO6mRjt0)1crau raroojoroapo cuigiaacrrasni".

3 .

4 ,

5 . ruo°6)6)onj(S 'n

Model 2ouof

cuoroogo raraigtaaSDo cufsorrocsrso ?

2 . eofoâjiÂOiS rarocoJOOocea rusmo

3 . (BTSGgnOo (318(3)1 LQiea>6)g !E<fti61o3o jaji((5)6!5T3Oo c9j06Tn1<9S(TID6n|o.

4 . <mcif\waao cûgoao cutfa

5 . qjrartncajooo ctucoo cr)Scsacnra6n|o.

Model 3

GCUCOO cnsasomiagj?

1 . (sra^gjrii rarsfflasicQ) o

2 . rrv«e» ojtmioQ) soon

3 . o{j)(=joaj«Bo

4 . rooo) or)os<a.o OTCUOTOO <9>06inraanr)1 g j .

5. mcv a^)gjoo ajossgmDig-i.

EXERQSES

I Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given in bracketsfor each sentence.

cnicrra oi«Borra.

3 . gOCTTD 6TO)6UY3Oo

333

4 . raraaift cr>oseft>o ca>06roorii o ie / loo)

5 . (STa>ooo.ra/)<a)rtj>n <ai9<s§aoo cnicna

6 . cniorro0 (3Ta>6>roos><e«> OJ«BCTTO.

7.

an_ioa«on9i

(ails0)

<a>OQ)Qcno. (cro*)oou)8.

9 . mmanB)i6)ci5o ' (BTDCUA oolraJcsatirro.

1 0 . gDH) — (313) rfbOfOô nJOiiBaCTTO.

II Substitute the underlined words in the given sentences with theircorresponding -goflftaniorra forms.

2 . (3WOJ0& cnogisfi cijt!Bmo.

, 3 . (5iDOaoct5 cooogejira?

Ill Answer the following with reference to the conversation.

1 . rara>(?B6)S ai*l§1ejosno crus^?

2 . raor>ejajn5cnoQQ)(a cnjoo^sio

3. crus^gg cjooroogo cr

4 . nâfwioraeojsnsicQtosrra" cros^?

5 . rOOnejOJOa CnOCO)(TBS)S ^(0T0)fflta>0S (3I3)fDO6TTO°?

6 . C3TDCO>0Ooceso <ft>0fflO0<S6TT§0 ? •

7 . <snjuocg><?>c0au eofo^csô a j g i e f t i g o §(S6ngo?

IV Using the following table construct as many sentences in present tenseas possible.

roooD

<fc§1roofflcib

ajiOCTDOOo

B06TT)o

(T)OScft>o

cruicnim

onos"

eft>0(5

OJ«B°

. CaJOcfc0

•ftOOJO"

6DO60130

cfljO6Trau

334


B

0 croo<5?

(319)002)0?

A <3rogg6)<fl>3gj§0o. c u g n r o ajQgj6>oncra>o

g>6nf°.

' A raracg-jsoo ongj oJsm<a«)3rooc6tT)3?

B oral® cue/loo) njemfflriiscTraiaigj. OTBOQJS^CTS

(!BCTTO.

csjjsis

coral. 6>s)saj<a>3nB6m(j!> ansirm. tsrannirra

B

njrf>s>§.

VOCABULARY

ffloJgioo/lKji 'outside'

'compulsion'

'approximately'

'protector'

'mercy''this way'

'early'

'to enter'

'front seat*

(S(T)faC(OT3)

oruocBraLQjo

"Softool oo°

'guest'

'invitation*

'crowd'

'skill'.

'to start'

'car'

'to worry*

'scorching sun

'driver'

335

NOTES

8.30.1. Sentences with present tense expanded by the ablative case areintroduced in this lesson. Ablative case denotes the source ofthe action indicated by the verb. This is expressed by adding

micro" to the noun form.

(3»n_|a OJCTOBO aoaaicroiraScnicno"

Are all coming from grandfather's office ?

8.30.2. The suffix-oo|° indicates direction.croocj" cvu1cTV)o6>tvja5cn)o100)1(35 colons" ccnnra (BTao6ai30|°

Sir, (you) come there (towards that place) from dispensary.

8.30.3. Note the use of §STBU added after the present tense verb in theexample given under 8.30.1. When this is added different shadesof meaning such as very near future, certainty, continuity, etc, areindicated. <

> . ! ' •

UNIT 8

LESSON 31

CONVERSATION

cnifflSBOo a^crancnitg) srunngo g6n§0t9sanro? W h y d o y o u m a k efogs) <Dict&.oJCTtnoQ)OG6TT)o ? n )CT0)O(»so, (Bit)tf>t&8o so m u c h o f n o i s e ? I sm0c9So, Qc9s6)a)0anroiDicsgj nê>cS>o QruoaâsTtyflcto" t h i s a fish m a r k e t ?graroKOo nLjocsaooft? cuo6)0Q)oorra ®06)<as)cso. m l W h a t is t h i s ? D o n ' t601300 gixDc9)6)gocnBo oTDgjcgjo. y o u h a v e t o n g u e t o

answer my question?Please open yourmouth. You are notdumb.

Sir. .Sir

336

337

ofl<ds>6>6re<sso. <ft

MTTOIEigJ OTUOA.

ecnoui iee j ! g)GrU!3Oo <3lb)(TS3o 6ITJaDgo J

Don't stammer. §ayit out.

Nothing Sir.

S6reo<9« Wasn't there anything ?

IBffiOOO (BTdjC6TT)O? |DgD CUS)(O g

6njnOg(EOOQj1{03CTT)<SgJO. a^ t tOW (OOfSO,

roossab: oroodi, ^<5

mo. raToajoib

(BtB65I3S)(D

oft?

6)CT)0CTTD

(STBttno cruorb, (3% cgeJCQJi(^

Isn't anyone makingnoise now? Am Ideaf or so? Therewas so much noisehere. Rajan, what isthe matter ? Pleasetell.

Sir, this Mukundan isruooQJonrosnt". beating all of us. He

is abusing everybody.

(BTOOJ is Mukundan doingthat way? Where ishe? Let me see that-great beater.

Sir, he is sitting inthat corner—on thatback bench.

tsrocuô: ml

csycrmo? &>a>QQ>srm. ruo.

croo<?>.

ngjanro nj1g1c9«nnra

Mukunda, get up!What is the matter?Are you crying? Don'tcry. Tell me the matter.All are focussing theirattention on you.

Sir, these people areteasing me with names.They are laughing atme in the class roomon my way and evenon the playground.Nobody is admittingme to play.

25-3 CIIL/M/80

338

crooro., oraoirti

(/oral, cora l .

coi63SOo6i<0s>no)a)Tcft>orao?

cni60T36)ggjOo

<Sig1 CO)Oe06)OCi5

cuocry? a^crofi

r u o . <Bra>roo

oroori.

cr>i6OT3S)goac9«) g6nsoa2/lrDie9«o.

cmoo-iai a3)oro>1ao oni6or3S)g r3ros1dK>6TT)o?

: orooro

6><9>o=;.eacm1§y... Sir! He doesn't giveball to anybody.

O.K. Children, areyou all very hand-some ? What rightdo you have to laughat Mukundan? Vasu,why do you grin ? Tellme the truth. Whoare all behind this?

All are there.

No, Sir.

All of you must bethere behind thisOtherwise why should 'he beat you ?

gomi

<s<fl3po«9«>6rr)o.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a. 1.2.

enjonga

Sir

I don't want to bearanything. Today lampardoning all of you.I am not punishinganybody. But here-after you should listento me. Nobody shouldtease anybody. Don'tfight among your-selves. All of you shouldbe good children. Youshould always speak thetruth. Never tell lies.

339

3 . CQcSjOSOft a{J)|=JOG(Oo (3tOSi<9SCTT!).

4 . roafi ruocsVltBft ggOteaarro. '

5 . eaoej icniQBjj f f lKDaJAj" jBraegaOo <Bi5>(s<eai(xjic98ori9«

2.

3.

C. 1 . ag)S)CTT)

2.

3 . raroiriB

6><9>o§.<eecm'lgj.

ecDocm oônro ajngT<eacfTO.

B. Expansion drill

Model

c/ooras g)Oc9«onro.

oaoros

t/aoros

cu°l§i6)CTio

oooras

1.

W&JL\6)aj5!SiED0nra.

cmej larajstgrgic

343

2 . OJEJIOQ) c&g'lcft.oo ra»)<Scftmoj1c9aofTO.

cue/loo; ai§la>Oo <8rocs§nn(0io)i6)m


1. cfeinoroaJ ruortnirab

CaJO)

C1JO

2.

S. catoojoft ngjgjoctDo ai«!<e«

" : •'•".&:••••; [?'J''J (3Td)<Sc941nLj1cee0nD

341

4 . <3»>

6>.aJOLl1

OJOCQ)°

nnai

5 . (STOQCOOOo 6YnJO§oft (StOgJ.

(3TOSi<9«)0(00i5

D. Combination drill

Model

2. tfljgidbootes njfocjytDo

3 . oJOOJ6SSOocfl«)

(BTaojta cseoeui

4 . uoorosgg .OJOCO

(arooJOo<9a

5.

6. (aToocyogws soro^^j cruorai'

tBTSOJ(& (06T^(SnJra}o CT\)1001(30)1(55

.342

E . Response dril l .,- \ ' -^ if-S ;V - ' ; / ; ; ;

M o d e l •••.•• ! u'-c- -!\

A ôoroitoi (Blurts 6nJdngo g6neoe0scrra ? CDi65i3goo6mo ?

1 , ^ <g£EQnOCT>0b {5Ta>6>fD Ojy>c&6J n J O Q ^ m D ?

] } f^f&^-J. ri06)CTT>CQJg_J. •• CTOJCRDo (9TDCT)TcSi)6)CT)

B3 . A

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks suitably.1. <DIH50S ôcroiflji 6njdDgo g6neo<dacnra ?

2.

3 . csrajnBo (Diooi6ai3insu

4 . (BTOOLIA a^)6)om

5 . rsrj) emcrt>oq)6)S ajTaDTrai (3^(03

6 . (513) Oje/IOQJ <9j§Tt&>Oo

7.

II Combine the given pairs of sentences into one sentence each usingpurposive infin'tive forms

2. j g

(groaji&ces cuoroogo

3. GEOnncQ oJejicffl ruTs"

@QQ)©jfO OJ0S<ft>CSJ)o 6>e9)0§<96)6TD».

4 . tSisi3i3)1 no (i^)<snjoyo o j o a

COOtOOgo OJ063B6rDo

343

III Match the following.. 1 . <BTa>(Srt>a rooss6>m a . s T o i i n n o (ara>aoJ3i<as)6rno

2 . <SOJUO<§><?( ajsraroiioD" b . cno§fto& s o J O A c m i a ^ j ?

3 . o/ lg icaJ ODICTTO rugag) &6m1c9su c . oBi«affl1cflacm1gjogjo..

4 . tSTO(JOiOnJ<ft,aJ OJiSÔtbLQiifljfflg d . §<W>(0o nJOOQJOai

5 . <Sjajo3^6SBOoc9a e. srwoaJ 6J0ncTcru1cBej<

6 . mia jBOo 6i06mo rarocuu/ldje f . (5»)(Seftainj1tBacrKi.

7 . og)g-)ooj(%c9«o g . ffiKBcno 6)A0§aacnro.

TV Answer the following with reference to the conversation.1 . t9j§T<ft>O3 ^ o o r u T o i agjcroiino 6rxioDgo §sn§Oiflacino?

2 . 5 gj § g

3. Q&CBCS) ôoruitoi n^)aj1e>s

4.

5.


' • A .

B Gmcroooft oroooinm.

A - ••

B. otDennrroo, IESTDI goeq-jooo n^)§ooo)(sgjo. mionae

A. • • • • ^ ,B , n )CDis)(S«)OcnrDo cs<ft>oo<9S)6n§. cnT S « B cue/ lcai

CTTDo oJOQQ)6nS.

A • : .B • <«rtfl.

' • -2 . A - C8<9JO36)CD (Si»)(m" (3ras1<»aono?

B - - ^ ' : - : - • • • <

A-

344

B •

A-B.

3 . A . GcftiOodSs0, e j T e j o ^ i ® CTXYDOCQ/I <ft>aj"lnn

B. '

A . (BtDoTcniOo. cuooo/lcesioni mo(ro>!i)gj, <a>rLfl«n

B. "

A . m o i s t s rara^gjnJ nQ<B,Geui>o r u ^ ^ air&oMo raiiBi<s>0cT)o§1ejocsj)1f!Bfn!).

<smgS)S)&iO6rf§" (aroajootss0 mcmocxjji

B.

A.

B. • • •

4. A.B. ojro6)§. fstoaiai

A.B.

A.B . g 6 n | o . t3T8<s§nr>nga § 6 n § " . (Bn><&)gig>" §06013010.

' A.B . gDSHtnOOTOo OfOJ OBEJilBgJ. OJIgg.

VOCABULARY

'noise' mnoa jcro) 'fish market '

'tongue' cB<9«o 'nose''disturbance, noise' pot9au 'to open'' to stammer' ÎLAZO 'dumb people'

'deaf man' . s)ai<aAsab 'deaf man'<BT»S1<9S° 'bea t ' oj»aaruoQQj° 'scold'

<$ai 'corner' aasrmaa0 'to get up'

345

<ft>g"lcnioejo

(T)O6mo

IDOqJ (31(33°

' to c ry ' ffiflnoS

'eye''ear''one who has protruding taeth''tooth''play ground''make fun of, insult''join, admit''handsome people''shame, shyness' a>ggo*to pardon' (a0ffc|o 'apology')'punishment''to fight''never'

'top''rabbit eared'

'path'

'ball''to grin''falsehood, lie'

'to hear''tiuth'

NOTES

8.31.1. In this lesson sentences in present tense are expanded byobjective case and dative case. They indicate direct.object andindirect object respectivly.

iê&osni sro)63i36)§6ioQ)gjOo (srosTtSaonra. >

Mukundan is beating all of us.

He is abusing everybody.

He is not giving bsll to anybody.

8.31.2. The interrogative words m>><®°, oraj ra, mîbsao^ etc., whensuffixed with, -a« should be used with negative verb to getthe meaning of full negative.

Isn't anyone making noise now?

He doesn't give the ball to anybody.

Don't "laugh at anybody.

i'l'C-

•\ ' ' '•• • > •

UNIT 8-

LESSON 32

, cni65BOo tgr^croo? ajs>aa gh§crra? Vargese, with whom

are you quarrelling ?0 : 6itn60T3csgp?

oji6>crn?

° : gDOJClJ ra^)CCTDO§u 6TOy6ST3<B6>S

Ol1(50BnM6m36)ggJOo nJOCSJJCTra.

Do you mean us ?We are not quarrellingwith anybody.

Then what ?

He is asking me aboutour Kanyakumari trip.I am telling(him) aboutthat.;

346

347

aonra

cnT ag)cnn1oD° sicuq

n£)cr>1<a6>o(o(00§o c & O n J o g o g j . 6nnorib

(tn°ls)tD gOcesxa ig joco j iRBorro . roiejcojacD

6icnao65i36rno.

<96)1 eSSCTTD.

c u t S c n i o r u " : c w o i . c /aro i . 6roiK5T3g1(zno S)a ig1a»1( ! )5

cno. 6T3)60t36)g6)c96>06n|u OT^tbcsao t r a e j ^ o c c u s n g .

c c D O n o n i . CDi^csa n a j g i o o J i r a S Gn jo< f l j 0o .

r^)ccmo§

Do you have to makeso much of noisefor that? Please talkgently. I am sufferingfrom your narration.

What is the difficultywith you ? Why are yougetting angry with usunnecessarily ?

I don't have any ill feel-ing to anybody. I amriot getting angry withanybody^ Last night Ididn't at all sleep. Iwas unable to sleepbecause of a headache.At least now I wantto sleep.

We don't have anyobjection to it. Yousleep. Why do youargue with us for that ?

This is not a joke.Your talk is disturbingme. I cannot at allsleep.

Alright. We aregoing out. Nobodyneed have any distur-bance because of us.Come, Mohan. Letus go' but.

Varghese, you pleasedon't fall apart fromm e ? • • • • ; . . • • •

348

ojo , |B6iD<s«»ci4o7 meireroo^0 or/I*

dnjtftaj/><9sara>? ongj ro6n§m>

What is this, Madha-vaa? With whom arethese qiiarreJ, friend-ships,etc. ? Why do yourequest them? Youshould scold themnicely.

cuwaa nj1si€06>ooroo nLi!P<9s OJOCSJJOTOO aorrao I c a n n o t q u a r r e l o r

scold.

But you should behavewith Vargeseonly thatway. There is no usetalking sweetly.

I cannot agree withyou in this respect.

(mcasciS) Then you shouldn'tcomplain. You shouldsuffer.

cij(%cnTcro1(sor)06)so6)<a6) <m6G&6)m ro>s>anr>

S)njn53noo6rn<>. ong j ojo<9ao<ft>o6n§ (QJCCSDOSSCD

cniccmo^

rurootml njocsj;ra3@u.

stmooS m1(sonr)o§ ruroonnT ruocQjcmTgjcgjo. onT I a m n o t c o m p l a i n i n g

tig)<*omo§ mTocfir) t3ii>eT(2-jocs2Jo njocspcno. 6TO)0<T> t o y o u . Y o u a r e t e l l i ng

tovToo" grtrovrtxij o roxojcrra. njraofovi nuocsjioccno, m e y o u r o p i n i o n . l a m

tswDôaoio c6nJoto1rt_j'T<96)0(5or)o ^ @ aefcostmnoao r e s p o n d i n g t o t h a t . I s

SOTDO? cr>°\ CDTQOJO r»jo§u CCDOCSSI0. STOIOSIODO t h i s a c o u r t fo r m e t o

crrao6oi36>§. • . complain or file a peti-tion ? You mind yourbusiness. Let me sleep.

IT,

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

2 . fooiscft ®mnj.1(s(T)o§ cuTcc/doMo njocsjxrra.

3 - (sracgarjo

349

ciJO€0e65c9.O6n|

CU0c96)0(tfb

1.

2 . CUSTDo 6)tft>06n§u n£)gJOo OJO60T3CKJ1I10 ?

OJ060I30<SiBO ?

CT/l6!5B<B6)S

2.

e . 1 . 6t3)6iJi3ffl§6>ces)O6n|

f. 1.(BT9)

0 gosisorii

cuogj.

GCUSTS.

GOJ6TT5.

(SOJ6TT5.

OJflgj.

B. Expansion drill.

M.odel

QOJCJfflfU)

6iojQ6ita>

6XUQ6XO1

'. 350

2 . CT)"1 rUi6m65I3GgJ.

(ttDCO)0<S§0§u

(ST9) cfl)Of06TT)o

3.

(BT86!JI3CT)S)(aTB)

(3TOS!Jt30DS)(OTm

4.

OLj6TDoS)<ft)Osn|u

5 . COT nJOOQJCgJ

cwi n§crrr>o§

cn1ecmo§

eo<a


(B0Q>OKi<e«on5 cnT n^)como§ ruocoxsg j .

OrOo(TOOrt>1<08<TTO

2.

mcgcul (B(DO§0

cft)fliej(SQQ)0§o

(aJS°l n j i (SCT)O§°.

3 . OJ0<9aO<S)06n|lB0(2)o O J E J I O Q ) (nJCOQJOSODo

n J 6TO o S>e9>O6TT§°

4 . n£)6WnD6)<06)O6n§° (T)165BOoc9a (nJOBJOCTOo (SCU6ne

OJCg).

(/0OO0)

352


Model 1 '

ra>£j(5nJ3cr>6>c&>06nso goOTBorii n j q

rtnejecuscTKOJCxab goraBoa i cucg).

1 . sofif)o6)<ft.o6n?° rnsasioori cucg).

3.

Model 2

onsasionJ

1 . croarrtsiOnsio6><&.06n§0 goroitssiooii cucg).

2 . crystiGcS6i§6><a>06n^0 mjcnroiooaa o

3 . (Bto

Model 3

1 . CST0OJ6>g6>c9«)OSrT|o Q^gJOOJOBo

2 . cTvai6>0Q)6><»s)O6r

3.

Model 4

2.

3 . SnJ163T3CgO§ 6)OJQS)f31

4.

5.

353

EXERCISES


CTV>o0rO0f0iiS8CTT9?

2. mtyo-ficmo^" eroioofl

3 . (BTC

4. jaro esoe/ l 6i.ojq2|oa3

5 . 6)c&>0. J c9i§lta»So 6D(SnJOOo GaJCT)

6 . (B0>Gfoosa6rTOo ^ < D aji6rr)ce«)ci4O

7 . cni6tsisoo6><9fflnmo6rK>

II . Rewrite the following sentences replacing the wcrd <feoro6m0 with

| u respectively.

2 . 6i!j)6ai3Oo c9)0ro6mo (3id)<dc&8o (/sejô ccusre.

3.

4.

5 . c9i§1 COLISCT) cftiOtOSTTô

6 . (3iaCTVSu^§f5i rai <ft>0(t>6TDo

Ill In the model sentences given the same name c&iBej is declined in various

ways. Read it carefully and form such different sentences for each

name given.

Model

a . <fljffl e j a{j)6>n5o ghg<9j0ro1c!Q)06nBo.

b , roosofl ckoiejajins <3roon1cQjmo6nau .

ia>iaejgû croajnomo

. (mam <aiaiej6icn)

e. rarooj* <s®>

f. (8ia>«Bo c9)iiiejooQJO§u ovii>croo(o1<eacn)lgj.

g.

1 . (TUCroOKo 2 . 6T3100S 3 . 0OJ6TO

4. (ataoai 5 . a>tBorooft 6. ( rys ia j 0 7 . «9i§1

26—3CIIL/M/80

354

IV Answer the following with reference to the conversation1 . <ft>(D^0t93iB0ra1 ca)0(rt5)6>0QM_|oo1 (BT9)6)rao6i<9« crOocru

2 . Eoouoioa0 goasBoni Ojqjpcn/lrtBcinro. mctrflmofto

3 .

* 4 . 0)000)6 6)OJQo raJOQJ(BO(S6TT)O ?

5.

6 . mouoojob (ara)CfDO§

V Fill up the incomplete dialogues.1. A.

B. • • •A . ruraowT fflcrreaigj. n^)6in5o raTDeiQT-ioocDo ruocsj)cna

B . n-iT^cTD

A.B . (BW) roiraVl tmooJOD0

A.B . cffroc&La6x!sro>ruoo1 acnoo n^)CT)1<9a° tsraoioajorft cucgj

A.B.

•''.- • A .

B.A.

B.A.

B. •A . S 6 0 ! 0 - (BiBognonnroifflrflo! AcgjTrai tuproogo

B . •. • •

A. (njoooJOKmamo ? g>6n§°. cuejioo)

B.

355

A . o_jrai1ooj oj ioc/ joMo 65crreiBgj. <I_IS>QQ> cro(5)ô(zy)6)CTT)QO)06rn)0.

B . arflooflo so(Sfo^6)sajl^<ft>0(5 njffmaeiortxsgj ?

A . •

B . IDGnJOCtfO ? u • •

A.B.

A.B . t3I3)f5<SS° (STOOiOQJOo ? S)6>SOJ(!jro»TcTi)u

VOCABULARY

oj(Pce«^§u ' to quarrel'cQJ0(ropaj1a_iro6TDo 'travel description, travelogue'

'difficulty' GAOojicoa" ' t o get angry''sleep''anger' a/lerooiDo 'enmity, objection' to argue' oruocruorao ' talk'' to bs able to ' aaejô 'nuisance'' to quarrel, to fall apart ''quarrel ' go6m<ea° 'friendship, taming''quarrel, scolding' nn-icmnoQ" 'to behave''use' (soaosjias)" <to agree''complaint" (groeiâoao 'opinion'

<Bsnjocju1jy1<fl«u 'to file a writ'

NOTES

8.32.1. Sentences with ve b in the present tense are expanded by sociative,instrumental and causal cases.

8.32.2. Sociative case relationship indicating mutual association is ex-pressed by the

With whom are you quarrelling ?

x

£ . _ ' • ' •

356

ruocoegj. please don't tell me-

cm r )gjoaieroo§o aa-ioeiaosmo. You should ask every body-

8.32.3. Instrumental case indicating the tool (concrete or abstract) used forthe aciion is indicated by—(3I9>(0* or

There is no use with good words.

ffin_im6><aosn§0 nfflffiOTira®0. \ Don ' t write with the pen-

8.32-4. Causal case indicating the reason for the action of the verb is alsoexpressed by-f319>ra8' 6>.&>06nso Or Aoom,,. If the cause is inanimate,eidbosrs" is added directly. If it is animate, accusative case -<MS) isadded before 6>€a>osr °.

DO rtr>ej<saiscr>6>taiO6n§ goa jBooS cuqgj . ~|

jo nnejeoismoQioraS go63BonB cucgj. y Can ' t sleep because of3") mejcscusco cftotosmo go63T3oni oicgj. j this headache.

cni6Krr>6><96)O6reo6n9 o a e j ^ o

oyicmoejOCTTO traejô

OT)n6)onD<e6)Oro6mmo6rro w>ejia

cnT <ftiOf06maiO6nD c/sejô

1 Nuisance is because of you

J

UNIT 8

LESSON 33

CONVERSATION

ojiejorroimi: 0 aromc&io enJ0<aeia(H>

OJS>1 OOJOOBJI . ca jcneja jc ju1t9Q°

2)<9«>6>goffl<9s> ^ c u i 6 > s @ 6 T B C ^ J O .

s>n> <9igTnjTc9s)oodo, ecDOcaoocroo 6is><9S)

Who is that ? Are youVilasini ? Please come.

You have a really goodway to pass the time.All the grand childrenare here for summervacation. It is reallydifficult to lookafterthem- Isn't it?

357

358

roojs urn:

aaocg s«B oaxsomooMo?

orunjo 0n_io

6)efti§1066)008 o ,

V raiiomooaiEosno"

aflejooroicni:

njoToLj1<9«)OCT)06rro0

iBTDnj q-j6icn apicBi (Toionim &osrcr\seiOcS>

(sronnT <Bcn<9«>ooo gtisroonoo

§•360116)050

n-16)&M (3raOJ«B6)S

•::"• j ' f - J

In oldage isn't thata joy ? Daily theymust make me tellfive or six stories. Thatis their fun. That isnot the only thing. Theyare clever at makingtheir grandpa weardifferent clothes, singsongs, etc. But to feedthem in the morningand at noon is a pro-blem. It is difficultto put them to bed ontime. They like topluck and eat rawmangoes and cashew-nuts.

These are my mother'scomplaints too. Evenmy children arethe same. They areinterested in teachingtheir Grandma Hindiand English. They aremore enthusiastic inshowing Hindi films totheir grandpa. Theyare not bothered abouttheir studies. Theydon't care even formeals. But with theirfather they are not sofree. They are verymuch afraid of theirfather.

359

monam: ruesnsCgJO.

6>(n_J0a£]<TUO(B£J ?

O q J O O o (BT9OJff>r0 <flj6)O6)0Q)O6)c96)

mscaj!S>1cig6n|o.

OJOOO raiitioBaorrao,

6J6)c96)

cruoocfflo6>ro

(OTiBOCTOo, ffiOOOOflBo aff)c96) (StBOJfbcSS

OJI ejooroi m l : (snamosttm

6)«a>06Tl§o

OCTTOo

(8TO6O13S)Cn

aero

Raghavan was a. bitreserved from the beg-inning. Even in child-hood he didn't haveany friendship with chi-ldren of his age. Now

. isn't he a Professor ?Hehas to teach naughtystudents. In that casehe has to let them.beintimate with him tosome extent. Thepresent day collegestudents are capable ofmaking anybody doanything. One needstheir permission toconduct the class, tocover the syllabus, toclose or open the col-lege. They are goodat bringing and trans-ferring teachers.

That is O.K. But myhusband conducts theclasses regularly. Hedoesn't go to joke orquarrel with them.So he is managingsomehow. There is nonuisance from thestudents.

360

DRI IXS

A. Repstition drill

a . 1 . cr>ar?)6>s<To<BQa)o 6)OJQS)«J> coJOcfeorro.

orumoaio Cnjoaaonb cnrnnoo e i soe / l s>.ajqg)6rr>o.

2.emocfo

(groom c63§i6>CQ) go<fl«onra.

goonro"' gH> OJOOO

Q. . 1 . .

2 . SBSTIS nnogTflji ALD<9>gT ms<9scrtD.

3 .

eunocib

f . C9J§1

. 1 . f 3 " ^ g-jOi5 <6>LD nJOOJKTTO.

<ftiLD

<fi3§i6KXM6)<06)O6n|u

361

i raraam (3TO.aJ0.ai96}on oilgiaaorra.

j . 1 . rooso OJSO <a>osnacn9.

6nnonb raosaRSTmifflor) OJSO a>O6rr>1c»scrT!>.

stmorii roos(mo)1sior)6)<9«)06n|u o j s o a.06m1n-ji€Sacna.

2 . roocu ruooo o_ioT<asorra.

snnooi

B. Build up drillModel

cSioryfB(OTO)1s)0DS)<a6)O6n|0

n/laly5<?>Lo'l<ft>s>6j6i<9S)06nto eiaJOs^dSTmloa0 gsrrmroo ruooaiiceaorw.

2 . <ft>O6TT)1c9«)CS6re?

. cruicnToi

3.

362

C. Substitution drill1 . <3T0OJ6)Cn6)c96>06n§u

CSJLD

2 . mcyoji6KD6)(9S)06n| ruoeg

.oJOOQ)

6)CUggo

3.

4 . a^)6)crr>6)£96)O6r^1' (a

6TD)60136>g6>c9S>O6nfu

D. Restatement drillModel •

oroocruoro1c9acrra.

1 . rrorog f>-io§ njogrrro.

2 . (Braatt) cueJanotDo

3. mcy OJOOO m

4 . a^j§oft <ft>LD<a.g1

5 . <&K>

6 . t9j§1<a>oo

7. raioro oruTrmayos

8 . roo<$

10.

6)ea>|crra.

cuigiceacna.

rUOOo

363

I F'll in the blanks using the correct form of the word given in the bracketsfor each sentence.

2 .

3 . 6ro>oo&

4 .

5 .

6 .

7.8.

" rooco cgrSajg6>s

GODOC§O . (cfl.osnft)

rt>6rr|

9 . oje/lcB)a-i(?><9«

10.11 .1 2 . otaffljBcnffltsto*

O

.(euro")

GOJemo.((sssoe.fi)

no)

6>.aJ0g]cn3. )

crooorooroitv/lasioriJ

II Fill up the incomplete sentences on the basis of the cue sentences given.1 . <836TOT3)U

2. roouu onsgEgorra.

3 . moat

raou)

(STOCDE fDOOJ6XS2J6)<06>OSn|u

4 . <9i§T i f t o o efljgT <9«onra.

OTOfflL <fl?§T cft>6)g

5.(3tOOJ(b

6 . C3I!)C1J(!535)S nJ6tT)o

CDSHlOo (at8CU(I536)S

7.

8.raronjs)ros>oo)gj0o.

364

III Using the given tabje construct as many sentences as possible.

raotu

enaooa

(BTOCBD

(3WCUCJ

(BHJC1JT65OD

CT)T6)CTT)6)<9S)06n|u

CUT 3,J0(S LOT <ft>6)g

oJOOo

c&cuinn

goa."

IV Answer the following with reference to the conversation.

1. raos3(B2>osj)o, ajiejorruior/logjo (3i§i6)rD(T_|oo1 cruoarooroiceacrro?

2.

3.

4.

5.

6 . cu1ejooru1cr)1cs2JS)s

7.

V Fill up the incomplete dialogues.

A- :-B . : f3T»rtni6im(lJOOi(IQQJO? n )CT)1c9S OJSfOOgo

A - :•

B. :

A- " :B- :

c9i§1c&iS>g6>ce6>06nfo rig)(2)iiiO

SODDO ôoroicejgg nnorrr) njnnion6taij

A. ' ••B - ^ : croiejsaiaa)0 ae)<Bs> ongjgDrcnncrn • n-iS)<BM tmaicb

365

A

B

A

B

A.

B

AB

A

B

A

ojocnfi<e6>6rr>o. n_i1s>mr>

n»6>arr>.

ojroiruosi.

gormino"

VOCABULARY

Gcucrxtib

fflO 6TT§1 rtJ fOi rtJ u

'summer'

'old age'

'song'

'cashew nut'

'enthusiasm'

'attention, care'

'serious fellow'

'people of equal age'

'friendship'

'naughty children'

' to let one be intimate'

'strength' .

§6n§°

'difficulty'

'fun'

'raw mango"

'to pluck'

'study'

'freedom'

'childhood"

366

NOTES

8.33 • 1. Note the use of intransitive, transitive and causative verbs in differentkinds of sentences.

8.33.2. Verbs can be intransitive, inherently transitive, those made transitiueand those made causative.

1. <s>§1 ajifoiaacno. The child smiles.

2. ^§1 njfo (micTTDonra. The child eats the fruits.

3 . rereism t9.§1s)cs2) goasonro. M u m m y puts the baby t c sleep.

4. oTDiBE <63§1S)CQ) .a-flmlq_pCBSKTO. Mummy makes the child smile.

5 . reroEB <ej§1ocQJ6)c96>06n|u

Mummy makes the child write.

8.33.3. All intransitiue verbs can be made transitive by adding certain suffixesor making some changes. In Repetition Drill examples 'a' to Tare sentences with some intransitive verbs and their correspondingtransitive counterparts. The following are the general rules fortransitivisation.

a. By the duplication of the final consonant in the verb stem.

<9)0Q)Q(TT0 > •

b. The verb stem final nasals become the corresponding stops.

c. By adding suffixes like -<s«>o. - i®u , -3-p, etc.

(aiDSoijjonro

gsrnttsono

cns<0scnra

cunnonro

8.33.4. It may be noted that all verbs, whether intransitive or transitivecan be converted as causatives"." All causative verbs are transitivebut not vice versa. •

367

> The child cries.

<a,§i6)<sy <ft>raoQ)1c9sma>- She makes the child cry.

raooDaDQ)5)<0«)O6rT|o She instigates Radha t o make \i T ' . t ^ the baby cry. j

OJOOO n$)f(®mi>. > Ramu writes the lesson.

(oo(?aii6)oos><06)O6Ti|o ?> I make Ramu write the lesson.c9aonra.

oo roooi6)CQ)6><e«io6n§> He makes Radha teach Mala-rooi?aj1fflcD fflejoojogo yalam to Ramu.

8.33.5. A causative sentence has a doer who performs the action, and aninstigator who instigates the doer and an object. Look at the follow-ing sentence.

0% d9i§i6)QQ)6>c9«>06nt > All make him work.

In the above sentence <a>§T is the doer, (marked by "fflis the instigator, and CSSO&JI is the object.

8.33.6. -§2. -io"3. -gji and -gQ;yT are the causative markers. If theveibstem has a -««o as in ojigicsa", cuowlss", ? t c , the suffixadded is -jtp.

a/lgTaacrro > ajigicyicDarrro

The verb stems l i kens" , §os°, etc., have their causative forms asQo and

gD§crro >•

With all ether verb stems the causative marker is

8.33.7. The speoial behaviour of the verbs njoiao", A06rro° a s given in theexamples of Repetition drill (j) may be noted.

8:33.8. The plural usage croooonoa to indicate 'teachers' is a purely collo-quial form.

UNIT 8LESSON 34

CONVERSATION

orooti, (BBjcroo ojoraiiejirai qj orro. 6nno Sir, somebody is kno-

OD© ôc96)6)§? eking at the door .

May I open it ?

ggogs. (aaioaonli ojonnioS @oaamo. Please open. (Mohan

i o p e n s the door . Peon

gets in.)

(Biftu»,jo: ^cmigg moejoiB6)roro> emo§lcn)O6m<sejo. Today it is the fourth

notice.

368

369

micro" croooicw" acts

1 croooi6>cn cu1g1<9aorra.

This is not a notice.You have a telephonecall from Kerala Sama-jam. Samajam Secre-tary is calling you.

era. cni6ai30o

fsrau)iOnj<fl>oft

o i l sô croot&? cnoog

mocsmo (D1SBT3OOC9«U

(stagy.

eraiocni cmo rum} (Xo students) I amjust coming. , Youshould not make muchnoise. There are classesin the neighbouringrooms. (The teachergoes out of the class.Students talk amongthemselves. The tea-cher comes after fiveminutes.)

I have some happynews to tell you.

What- is it, Sir ? Istomorrow a holiday?

No. Does only thenews of holiday makeyou happy ?

No.

mot®

car&§(OTJ>

6nt°?27—3 CIIL/W/80

Then listen. There isgoing to be an one

cruc&gj<fl>ejooooejo ojgq-j1(o3ai^° arcs week All India LiteraryisooftD cruofioifo) orucfEDgcDo Conference in the Uni-

(srorcnicra nJej eo versity campus from. ajtroorw. Dext fifteenth. Writers

in many languagesare coming for that.

Who are all comingfrom Kerala ?

370

<8£jcB)ogo aifO3<rra6nec(2).

I don't know. It istold that three or fourMalayalam writers arecoming.

oil sô: crooift «ro>6rooo<9«o (smcus)(os)woe)ê> actro Sir, we too want to see

t9)06rD6Tno. (graojnss)S (o-jcrooCOo S A O J them. We want to

c9«)6roo. oroojeraog orooaruoro1<as>smo. listen to their lectures,

enac t s ôfl<j\}1oo^§1e£jo| We want to talk to

them. We shouldinvite them to ourinstitute.

oi l 3^0:

csra«n1cnaifl<9su CTODCSDO <ftO6ma-

(vQ)63136)0DffiQ£2J©3/]fiJo (ST3CU6X0 OJ(

CTU3t5.

C D T 6 3 B O O C 9 « ) 0 oruoaiDgorKOTinTcTa0 d

tljTfflCTT)? aJ61&ai (STOrtniCTO

cajcens? njiocnr) (a-)1dicru1jy3g(

nnnja cft>Ts6m(Bcsejo.

sne? Shouldn't they findtime for that ?

TBRfTwsmo Some how we should

bring them here.

njo(B6ne? Don't you want to gofor that conference ?

-•"-IOCTV Then what ? But don'tns cmaffi we need a pass for that ?

Then we should get

ctro.

a<w

c«i6«B6o aflrtMa1<9«fflne.

njocnnjfoiojosiojjas

eo<iO» (3)6)cm. mqmiB&oiatei)^

, (Bra)nBo rroE(s»(BtB)i6)CTwjra)ooR IBO

.MM)

the consent of the Prin-cipal also .

owRni6»cnn_|oo1s)Qa)o That doesn't matter.You don't have toworry about thosethings. This is also apart of your academicprogramme. Let usgo together. But no-body should forget toreach on time.

371

VOCABULARY ;

<9§° ' t o knock ' ecT>o§1crou 'notice''association of Kerali tes ''phone call '

'secretary'noise''each other ''happy news' .

'university' .'campus''conference

OJOCTV)0 'pass' !

'to worry''together'

£t>o«9«u 'to forget*

I Complete the sentences choosing the correct verb forms.

2 . (TUOOICTCD (si9)«sroo

3.

4 . ClBOag fO*l gD6OT361(D

OJCHrti ( U i S i ed«)6)§

" • 3 7 2

5 . m l ra% ca>0CTU(D<!Q)1(35cr)1cn9o

6 . s)<a>o^cft§i6)CQ)S)<ss)Osn5*J ranx© G K o e / l .

7 . ODSJcSa" (9l9n_| nJ6KT>6)<9S>36ngu 610

nJOSOo

n_10ST o j T iS6)O o

8 . CTUfBOg, i9s6I3T0)T6>CT) gXTTO CnT .

g T c96)6m o

9 . o^gJOOKiBo aJOOo

10.

nry6iJiBoca)1 ml aacom o

II Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the given words.

1 . CT)i63BCo r»{j)(@ ffl6TT)"lc98o gDO-fl6>S

2 . roocu ajflrotmaocDo njoaycrra

3 .

4 . (ST fSj mejcsDOgo ajo1nj1<e«8crra

5 . (8Qalua®C& (3T8)

6 . 65fO3 CaD06Ti8<flj0g6n|o

7 . (3T9)(oTefi-|ooo Gcnoaaono? (a>6roro>°)

373

8 . COJCOO eojo<fl>0o (rnOoY

9 . og)6>rflo aoarrtoroicBJcio'lcrra0 cnl6OT3g6)s

1 0 . cbU) (xgonlay ag)ygsarmo7ASr»jcr>)

1 1 . <S>LQ<S>g1CQli> 0nffiH6)S ORB SOCOo nn6)CTT>. (nJf l>1aJ0Si ) •

12 . rnieoBgns gogee) niAni roog n^tapoo — : — aJ01<9acn8?(&ocrouY

1 3 . mw)gca.6)g isej«vog1<s>o> n^ma oilgiaacrro. (Scftragj.)

14/ (BtB» — mi6OT3o» fuloMiBifflaene (<fl>on>Ijo)

1 5 . cno6>g fooojisiej CDISOBOO ^ O J I C T S n^rarmsmo. (6iabnj<smcis<0s>oiob'\

1 6 0O16

1 7 . mi65BOo (ST3)

1 8 . (Btt) jajT(2)<, (T)T

19.2 0 . (BTOOJOft CUVdMt oJOayctTD.

III Fill in the gaps suitably.1 . ro6n| Ag- j cni (3raciJ6)CDS)€e«)0an§o

2.3 . !»<e>6)alo 6airrugc9«)9)ggj0o ainscmasnea ?

At. oruorft cni6W8g6)s O J 1 § 1 « A era}

5 . 0D0§i6)EJ 6KTTO

6 . irgjsirtio cr>T finsiom gnjirofoo njooojsrrto.

7 . A§iA61g Cni6Bt3Co nJOWdBQD".

8 . (BT3)nB ggO«0«(rK>?

9 . fBW^jO, fflTOOOOo OrU3€ft.O§0?

1 0 . §fyo

IV Rewrite the following sentences using the present tense form of theverbs.

gO6)c96>

2 . (snsm ojocnjofletm oros1ce«)S)§.

3,

4 .

5 . (BroaifS cruicniii) <s>06iD6)§.

6 . cno(oocQJ6moS rararuag <H)ga9sij18«6>§

7 . (FIDam <&>6rmv)"lG)cr>G)<&s>06n§u t s r ^ a n o m o

374


A. . ' CDIOTBCO OQOS eooM cruo(Tooro1c99CTO?

B-: • •A . : «mLis>o<s6mo CDIKJBIBOS moigjeonn?

B-:A - : (5is6)(!n638fflm? CDIKSBOO csK)6i(roaji6>s

B-: •A«: nJoiceaomicgj? rui6>orr)

B-: •A . : i?6iJaf (a>1ccH)o? mrocgj raragj

B - : •

2.A.:- (5m£Uuns>o, 6ro)ocroo roogojifflrtio^ffls cruicnlm A,osmodl> Or»j06)§?

B-:A - : (Brocurri

SRT)63T3

B - : • • • •

A . : ajejicBjaiA (ara)f!Bo

B-: •• •A - : tarooqgjo (sam"rkiso !

fDooiioej qjnmoi oracuaJ a )s>cm

B : : • •A - : OJ0O»1

B-:A—B-:

3 . A:

A-: • ••. .••.B . : a®© alaioroa gQemetm cr>1fl6aKTU)1<a«6>§?

rarocuoft ojjfOo ôcro ie jog j? ruggg> rajtmiijcno

375

A-: •B . : (3ra6)R5)O6)<s«) nQ&cibo c & o o m o e s m o ? 6DgD6><&>oggOo.

c0«)O(B6TT)O .f l iOOo?

4.A-:B - : f'ffiS® nJOOQJOCDO cBiQCn-j? OJEjicOJ Oj1CW»oltSOT36)gO(TIi)IBi^).

A-: • •B . '•

A-:

A-:B . : aioro)(

n j e j cngj <sauo<$(frBoeci>Bij)a

A-: •B.:

A-:

A-: • •B . : carol, cnoag rooa/l6>ejfln6>onr>

o caioo

UNIT 9

LESSON 35

0^)0)16)005)0(03

CONVERSATION

cnowcb:

cr>ooo)(&, will youdo me a favour ?

(BOLQ*? n^)cnmo§ croooa)Ofa1<9«)ona What is the matter ? D oy (9suQjo a n a o aaJS6mo? n^n© y O U n e e ( i g^fo a p r e .

n J O 08 l- face to talk to me?• What do you want?

Tell me.

CDCTWOOJCOO <IJ6KO QCTO

. . . . . . . 376

I want to go to Nanda-vanam. Will you also*come with me ?

377

0O00QK&: ojmoiEagjo. ojsidwo gjorroo, oooogo n joo igy .

cs3ej1fljra)1(0<ee6r^0. mnoo

(SnJOOfD ?

tsrogD

of course I can, butQOJ today and to-morrow I am a bitbusy.- Let us go dayafter tomorrow; Won'tthat be alright?

That would have been• crf06)S sufficient. But I want

to see someone atNandavanam. Thatperson is going toErnakulam tomorrow.Then he will not beavailable till the 26th.Shouldn't I go backto Mysore the sameday? Then I will notbe able to see him.

onannoojmgED0 or)i6si30oas)onro ta>06m«Do? W h o m do you want to

(BToco)og6)s amiaScinejocruo g(S6nso .a.cgj'lfljj? see at Nandavanam?

Do you have his ad-. dress ?

g6r§°.rani CDcnjyxS, , orxrooaJono,

aj(0fl.aj0B)i§6n§o.

(3iao§(vn6HBra>?

o^)m1c9«s

Yes. I have. See, hereit is • Sri. V. Parames-waran Nambiar, Srini-1 ayam, Nandavanam,Palayam, Trivandrum.

That is fine. I knowthis Nambiar very well-How do you knowhim ?

378

(BTOCTOSSOS

mtycryacnai ngjcmosrw"

mow A: cora l . <soJOotii<f1

OJo 636)<d5> fsraajrii, cnioejor)i63T36)g

aism1<aao taroajcfl. arm$o1oe/l6>ej<gES)o

CT)i6BBOo6)c9S)O6)<0«)

(T)3SV(5: Bnfl),

CJB6XD

CT)OOB)(5, aJ)s>cm am oa-iosl

Mr. Nambiar's youn-ger brother is with usin Mysore. His. nameis Madhusudanan: Ihave to hand over hisbox in their house. Ihave also to tell himsome thing.

That is O.K. I shallfind out a way for that.I shall send my brotherBhaskaran with you.He knows that houseand the place. He willtake you.

When?

I am going home justnow. He will readiyour room at 3 0 'clock.

I am really gratefulto you. I am a nuisanceto you.

No. Not at all. Theseare not at all trouble-some matters.

Nair, I have somethingmore to ask.

Whatask.

is it ? Please

<a.o£,6nj.cn0§oajo, @cnw)oaiaj)<., Aren ' t the M u s e u m ,.aJi(2)0£jQQ)ago 6iS)tBsi mrnnonjcnRjnnicTO aigsifo 2 0 0 and the A r t gal-

. lery v e r y n e a r Nanda-vanam ?

(3n>6>rcj). (sae\(iyi. cnr\6&BQo&G>(if\6)S6)wo6)<a® Y e s . D o y o u h a v e

cnJOc&oaoo ruralnjosiaycsrso? ajgara rogjgg0. p l a n s to go to thoseeocjyroob gbms <9.o6ni)£B(sgjo. n{J)£jo° cncmooQii places, also ? I t is

nnTooxtnl 6)s>mcryoT very g o o d . BhaskaranrmBttniara âSru" gcuiso w i l l also be there with

Aoemocfb i^d/n^s&sma. you. You see everything nicety. Shouldn'tyou go back to Mysoreon the 26th. Beforethat try to see everything in this place.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

2 . ng)6)ajo ^gcfljOra

3 . <3i3)troo raroajias

5 . OOi6TOOo (5t9) c

6 . mOS)g a{J)©>i£Jo or)i6013C» <TU(BC!Q)(mB)1nd

7 . raroajro ^ m i c s y o n n D a c r u i a a i c g j ?

8 . rawOjyooo arooa&o ai*l§1<sej<9«5

2 . cnifflJBOoces eroooii 6J«B agnnloa oroaa>ocno

3 .

B. Build up drill

Model

nJoT<9S)0ffl

CDCTOOCXDI ajo1<9«ooft

380

aroooft

6io)oai mcmooa/1

cnos>g aiasxtA 6mocrb cnanoooo/l

2.

3.

S«B t9>LQ

(STOCUflBo (BtB60BS)CT) 65RB c9)LQ

(Bt8OJS)gnJOoT (sracunso (3TO6!n36)CT> SOB C9>LQ

4 . or

riJ


1 . 6n5V65I3<36)S OjTgi&Jc . (3W(WiLDitft>Oo.

381

2. ojoocijo raranj<&

OCDOcSSa

3. cniorro"

4. m>m c*gTnjT <0So.

(HTOSieSSo

nJOiajiiSao

eft>06TTDo


Model. 1(STOOJClft gD(Oi<aS(TTO.

<ei(L<TOfDcs2)1(aS

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 . crurog

6 . eorxmonj"

7 . d9>ro36TT)a<ai«>nb

oiocojiaacnro.

cstaoeji

v$.- \

382

8. oJgsg) ffi6m1<9Q° aonolcro" ggsangfrro.

9. (arajCêjooMRinnTaB" a^gjocutiBo cunsarra.

1 0 . (Donejoiai cr)o§1cBS

Model 2

2. n^tjijirtA mooroo (sraojni

3 . fljocjuajjffis (BjSTcrroj0 gos)c9fi> c9>ro«j)o

4 . anjem conrasiarrin

•5. cnosigajjo (sroasooo

6. mro^j°

7 . cnos)g

8. cnog6)«no)

9 . (sra<s§noo

1 0 .

ccrxwoog

oilairoo

Model 3

cft>LQ

2 . OrotSgnDo CDdffiCgO^ a<S>On-l1cSSo

3 . (SOLD qjcBiCBSKT) (BTas1<ft8o.

4.

5.

Model 4

1 .

2 .

3 .

(313)

cruoq

(Si?) cuotmirt

cc<ft,s)g amonoonas

4 . (BiBOJCfS mioi i

5.

• v " 3 8 3

E. Restatement drill ;

M o d e l . • • " •

6TOTOCf5 (Sfb) <ft>LD

6T3)On3 (313) c9)LQ

1 . 6imocf5 (srocuias cunso.

2 . 6KJ>Oa5 0Di6iTBgS)S CUigT

3. snpoai tBra> ruog anompoo/l ruo§o.

4 . 6TO)00ft mi6)0flo <9>LQ

5 . fflraiofiJ njoorarwirai

6 . 6IB)OCTj <0>LQ<9>g1

F. Response drill

Model 1f80O) CT)O6)g

O l f i B o , <D06>§ faOUD OWBe

g D g J , CD06>g fOOtt)

1 . roog

2 . «DCT>1

3 . (Bracgtinojo <ftiai1(B)

Model 2

1 . any (BT9fn1 comer)

2 . ct3iam

3. raosai

EXERCISES

I Convert the following sentences to their corresponding future tense.1 . ng)gjocijfa3o

3 . cnifflofto ifeoro.yBrmifljS <st«aic» rugtsro

384

4. (00«ejajci5 o/lajaiSMonnfijo

5 . or)Ts)rm 6ra)0rti rar^ ojsajo

6 . cnarnoo S«B njnnico eooM

II Convert the following sentences into ve:b+-'8i|>° forms.

1 . 6TO)60I3©o e9>LO<6jg1 (3T3)0TOJSic9S(>.

2.3. g4 . 6T5)6m3Co (3T9)

5 . CT)O6)g 6T5)6W3Co OODOCRJIB) OJRBo.

6.

III Answer the following questions. Give positive and negative answers.

1.- gocrra CT)i6BBg6)s O J T §

2 . CT)160T3OO a(o1«96>ejo

3. ongj aii3,jO(%LDie9.oo

4 . fSiBom crojomo <0i§1<s>s)g moaaoaio?

5. ffl^jjoico) ajoorotmiooo misffsgffls (sa^j"na>db nj<p<aa

6. CDT60I3OO nuoiosTcojiejo CTOoCTU3fs1<ea(ssio?

7 . cnO6)g 0Di6W3Oo 6W53 rUO| OJO§OIBO?

' 8 . CT)i60T3Oo St3)6!JBgS)S ^ S ) S §D1I <SnOOCJ\jej1o8 ttnOflDCro1<S«(SII10?


1 A - 0ni6OT3Oo 0D0§1(!>5 a^)fna BaJOAo?

B. •A. aocaoo? (srs0(i_j0oo roocbajJo cni6oi3gQS^6)s cutrooaio?

B. ' •• •A . (3ia6)fO)CT!J)0 (3TO60B6)Cr)? 610)000)00^,O})o (mCLTOo&s" CUOOCA

..... (gracrwo ©tpiaj iogj?

B.

A - 12S2 m SJ •<D>(BO(/B.. OTOOJUJI sicucroajo c$soejl

385

2. A. • •• •• •B . c&oerTOo. (BTO(s§nnajo eoroôgjo 6KJ>6OT3|S6>S a f l g i a A c&osnso. gDro3n_i6i(WOT§oo

ta>lcQ)nnTaj6)ro tsacuib 6ra)6Si3<36>s ^ 6 > s gsHBOcairoldSso.

A • '• • • • '

B . fig)ODi<es rue/loo; njmiiuw&aiocrnailg}. jxfloonJCTOo, (BTOGgnonjo ojg6)ro

A • • • • •

VOCABULARY

go_j<a>oroo ' favour ' <36uajro 'preface'

ruoo" ' to be able' csoejifljroiirocea0 'busy work '

foi1ra<aau ' c rowd' ^

'to be available, to be present'

'to return' Gmroaojiejocruo 'address'.

'worker' 6>OJ§T ' box '

' hand over ' cnjoocusn 'alternative'

' t rouble, difficulty'

' to think ' <e3o^16njocn0gon4u 'museum'

' z o o ' ru1(®oejQQ)o ' a r t gallery'

' to t u rn back, to go back'g o o / l a s ' t h i s p l a c e ' ân-sfsf 'to try '

NOTES

9.35.1. Sentences with future tense are iatrcduced. Future tense is formed

with the addition of -§« to the verb stem.

Will you also come with me.

9-35.2. Future negative is formed by the addition of ©§y to the verb stem.

- I will not be able lo see him.28—3 C1IL/M/80 -

386

9.35.3. As in the sentence,

«s)1oQ)(o>1oj6)ro 'He will not be available here till 26th.'

the verb stem c&osra0 'to see' in future tense will indicate thmeaning of availability also.

9.35.4; The ability verbs like croou/lc&s0, n_ioQu, etc., will take a dativecase as in the example 9.35.2.

9.35.5. When the first person is the subject and the verb is expressed withthe suffix -<3ra>° it indicates different shades of meaning such asreadiness, willingness, acceptability, etc., in the future tense.

etmotib (Br8ttjVl6>a>oro3 I shall find out a way for that- ].• - . C o J O o O J S ' T <D6TT30<96)Oo .

I . •

UNIT 9

LESSON 36

CONVERSATION

tscoorui, . ml gD<D nnocaoooft n )aj1s)ss>cx2) Gopi . you should keep

this key somewhere.Don't lose it.

scno

<sc/)0ru1:

cues*,

CTUOQ S)aig1co)1(sait9a csnJOca.anro(S6ngo?

ajcoiegy?

nnoaicroiaao.

yOU going out,Sir ? Won't youcome back today?

J will come. But I willb e a ^ t late. I willcome only at 9 O'clock.

387

388

QOftraJgg [D6rn'l<5cd6> OJfiBCSSO ?

•00001008: <sro<s(g9

gDcu1s>s

soy n^§1oau rans

crooiS. CTOOQ°

(3TOCOTI0 OJ<36)fO

Gn-lO&iGtLO 1

CCTOOCBCTJ: . SCTTD aj<s>1oo;1fsS

acrro

CCDOn-li, gDII GnnO§Gji6>ej a j i C

6Ttnorii

A>06nainoQQj1ra1<9«!o.

cruooi6)nJo

ornimi sOnJOAo ? (BT0((T5)

coroomai: t3T3)^nj(®1cn)iGejgji0

omo? onoej

cras«s«»o.

ce>Sg-jOoOJ6)tD 0)5(830

Will you come only at9 O' clock ?

Yes. Damodaranmay reach this placeearlier than that. Thenhe might need the key.Isn't there only onekey for this lock ?

O.K. Sir. Won't yoube just going some-where nearby, or willyou go very far ?

No. I am just going outfor a walk. I want togo to the Medical Col-lege hospital also.Gopi, of the boys in

this hotel I trouble onlyyou. You may havecomplaints on thatscore. Don't you ?

No. Sir, please don'ttell like that. I liketo do any work foryou. But now thereis no bus to hospital.How will you go ? Willyou be able to walk?

aomro Hospital is only oneand a half mile away.Is it a great thing?Daily I walk aboutfour miles. That ismy evening habit. Iwalk up to the beach.

<&s

389

SCOOaJ;): aJS>cftM SD6)CTT)S3T3S)0D OOSeSSo ?

sxxjgicaiitaa

giJ<Sra_|O(S«S> (TO

acnuio gDnsgcj.

g6>cajO6n§ croo<5

Gnjosng.

But nOW Will yOU Walktoday ? Dusk hasfallen It is rainvseason. It gets darken-ed soon. Then it mayrain also. So you don'tgo out in the cold.

: raroGcgjo raragD o_ioo1gj. ffiruo<ft>6TT)o. a{j)6>ciSo T h e y c a n ' t b e . I Hiust

^ i i / l i 1 gQ_ One of my collea-gues is in the hospital.j j e j s suffering fromjaundice I must seehim. I want to knowthe details regardinghis illness. That's allI need.

63(3}

<Tysij(Sc9«)§o rare

oa)os><36>oQJorna

g)6)cft.06nto

^ curaocft

nQ6>abo cnjoeseajfo

S ojcgj.ma

coruouob: 6i.ojQa_|<06>of!536)s c n i a l r o i l .

^ § y (3tooj6>ra6><e«)06Tû O J O

j t0 0 ] ave the desireto come with you. But

j cannot walk. Al-ways don't I go aboutin the cycle ? So Ican't walk very far.

That is the plight ofthe.present day youth.They don't have anyexercise. They are fitonly to gossip.

cruotS o$)(irmaj)o <sa) ^§«jrm1flro gooffln-js Sir, c a n y o u i n c l u d e

«jto)0(BiBO? ffl6)oru<e«)1.|ajaj1|o 63fO3 m g j ojioaaioaio m e a i s o j n t h a t g r o u p ?

Isn't cycling also a. j;:$•;'" vu./:": ,V:;;<':':J^ r.:o:-/•:•:«;,; g o o d exercise ? .

390

ccruomcS; <8»(TT>i6>cr>n-jooi6>0Q)O6><9s> eojQo 6)«B SIOJCTUO L e j ; u s d i s c u s s ' a b o u t i t

ja-itS-oj 6>ixJ(5joo. 6rs)ocn1o65i36)§, cruoiaDaioco/l. s o m e o t h e r d a y L e t

socmosracro (moG<as>o!ti& 6icfco§<S5)STDo. mo<s6> jjjg opt o u t I t is t i m e

°£J? for me. You shouldgive the key to Damo-daran. Please don'tforget.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drilla- 1 . n^)onso 6)6>ojcfe(scmf0o wrocgoDo tgono oomrai

3 . crooo)ora6m orocuoo

b - 1 . oroooianSo ajsooj) e>aj<ôcS) c

2.3 . o-igag) <soj(S<e9° a«>a>ionj<ft.acr) g c g g o ?

4 . rarooojooocsa

5.6 . m>cu(i>

7 .

8 . <9i6TOT!J)

2 . (319) 6)nJ6TAc&g1 gDCTTilo OJtOOo.

3 . n^)^jonj(!BS)s <fl>ofo1yoro)1ejo caro60T36>cn

B. Build up drill

Model

oJ6fT)o

cuotoogo

391

2. gnJOCg).

3.

micmogj

C. Expansion drill

Model '

(3T902)OCg

(aiDCQJOCg t&LD

(BTOCSKOOg CT)gJ <9>LQ

(BTBJJO)

CSIOCS2)OOg

1.

cBraaiiis>ce) o o i e n ^

392

2.

3 . CT)1S)OD6)c9S)05n|

Cn1ff)OT)6)c96)OSn|

oJOOo

CT)i610fT)S)t96)06T1f fflO(<2)C(ri n J O O o

(BIBOQJOSlg


Model 1

i9j§1<fl)(S§0CS

(Wherever possible give two or more restated sentences)

1 . .(OOCJU OJ§6>rt> CDCTDOCQJT rUO§o

3 . !E6)00CTOOOO- Gimodb cnleidbo (uTgTtsi

4 . (STDGgoOo HiaiCQ)0gOTf!I)1(Di <TUo(TOOro1<9<3o. ~

5 . d^)6)oJo Olsons am os)3(U(oto)1(0% aj1aBjrro1<s«o.

6 . n^ffinjoô ratocojooo caoogoS" cSiOrEfficjunoajitoi

7 . c9.ffiejt0tB)1O9o CDgJ njn )<ft.6!n3Oo GOI6IT)o.

8 ojocrvai iao0 rooajicejcgjo g^jggo ojejnrxxoo <saj6mo.

9 . cnorooc3Q)6mci5

10- . , n )6)CT3o <6>Qg)1fljS

393

'Model 2 .(BT06!51361Cn

(31060136)0)

1. gDcrra m o ^ i sup

2 . OIOGgoOo ' (31065136)07 n_IO0Q)o

3 . n^)^(B6m1aj6)ro

4 . gocno <&>LO<9)§1

5 . (SO) <ft>s<06)Ofonft g

. 6 . rsTD<B§aOo gDcna cr>T63B6>g


Model 1J ojtgircfl is ma

ojigiroS igrrro I OIGCQ) gdggo?

. 1 . GfOIOiBCTOiaD fOOTIf tej§1cfl)Gg g g g .

2 . (SI3) <Sf5)0§(0t0)1(aS ^ tO3n_l^ I | § 61f!JKB6!JB g g g

3.

Model 263(03

1 . raocgojiora" cuoscftiajTffis g

2 . s)cfl)Oa

3 . (3T80u;&<fla

Model 3

1 . (Braegfirwotmina0 sitrs

2 . afQgjocur&aao (EnjrtBg, aJarnajoiii aai6nB9

3 . .(BWOOJOOocSflimi 65«8

f . •

394

Model 4

6JCl5nJjn) l£6TDic<9S>

1 . oolacmoGS IBIBJ

2 . <a>sg_jOtiaj6>roeoQ)

3 . .aJOOQJOQQ)

Model 5crooid isaooomoeg oj(gg

croo<$ maooomogagj

1 . fsi9OJt&

2.

3.

F. Response drill

Model 1y cnos>g

B . (DO6)g(SCX2JO? o J O O i g J . 610)651300 rUBJtTOOo 05)1 QQOT>1 (502)

1. A- ^ | ^B - aOia3in_|0(!§0? (OT)OJOo

2 . A - rooi^, cr>1cT>c06>T <9>LQaagnrj,)<a>o ocijQ6mo?

B . ? <saj6re.

' 3 . A - 0Di6>0So fftOgjioJ nJgaSD (jôJ g(S6rE0?

ModelA - (3n>a§nDo gocrro ro)6xro cunscaio?

B- S S J - ^JroTftJ- orx>6)gcco)o, msioocmocsgo

1. A - oroircn ODTCBI ruoiceaciao?

B - fDftJ- oroaioo ajejoojogoaio,

2- A . or>1s)dio a>ca>n8o JIJOCSJ

B . ©ft)- •e.siasrtgy.

3- A . cr)i63Bgs)s OJ1§1(O5 gocrro o/l«Borra<a>.0(&

B . • •— * ; . <BIBQJ(& r—- . rr r— ; — r ~ r OJIOOo.

395

EXERCISESI Complete the pairs of sentences.

1 . roOUJ (2010(33

2. ggglgarni

3 . CSTDOJOo <ST&6B136><T> nJOOQJo.

(SIDClJCg

4 . CT)iSro(g3ri5 (BW(5§aD<0T!ni6>CT>

cnof0(g3ccr) (3roagnORjro»i6>m

5 . (BTOCUOft cft>ggo n_IOCSJ)o.

6 . (aiocswooo eoroôco)' (S0(S)o

(BWOQJOOo 60(0^6)00) • £B0(J2)CSCD

7 . rarocoooatse0 arsj

(aracsj)0Oo<eao SRB

8 . ron/l

9 .

1 0 .

II Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of words given in the brackets.

2 . <maj(b&& cBOigjeiE acusrs^ . (rooco)

3.4. aicyajo njejnnotbo cuigcnjOo.

5.6. (Di6313(!g

7 . (mDGgaf)(!ito)1ao0 mca>g6>s n v a j o moigiffiai . (00U6ID0J

8 . gXTTOo CrUOCJ CT)S<96)00ft

9.10.

396

III Complete the sentences choosing the correct word.1 . IDCTTO 6)6)CUa93C0TP(0o (5>6)OT) a^)CT)Tc9Su (31DQJ6X0 —•

2. mo/mew ajocryaflisx-n c9i§oCl/lg1<S6)6>§

3 . ml (Dongffldjiroo^0 cmroacsm-

CUfD6)§

4 . ma>8 , m"lcsj)o. (3TS6OBCD(ICQ)

1

5 . rooaiieJCTOTO) njejnnorartjrmloo" a )CT)1<flao njsj iiio(f5)o

(Brail

6. crurarru

tmseomGCUSTDCSCDO

GQJ6T1DO

8 . CT)i6!JBS6)S

9. avoao ao1co)csj)1(sai

oro o

397

1 0 . ' CT>i65Bgo n(j)CTTOoCrUOcBiGlBO • •:•' '• •

GnJOcS>6rr>o .

CrUOgh .

IV Transform the following statements into questions using gcaneo andoroegj suitably. . . .1 . roo"ejOJ6)n5o cuTgirai cgonro

2. ocnonj1<9a° ares 6)6)CTUt9«>1 eg g g g .

3.

4-

5 . (BTDCSgnDo CgCTTO SlSlfflGEJ

6.

V Answer the following with reference to the questions.1 . crruonoa

2.

3 .

4 . ecroomob

5 . gDGjyotPswsnn CTiijQjT-jceeoQroryooT cscTuofflsinSo (3tBe1(n_)ococi

VI Fill up the incomplete dialogues.A . cno6>gcg><,, ffisjoocmogo (Braajcul raraegj?

CT)1S)0bO (HtD^Lju^Lffld? O j i g i l t f l cft)06nD(S(I10 ?

B.

A . (SfosioncnTiD ? rrorb<s«)0(5

B. .,A . TBiaeogjo. (gronfaimiise" gogsajsro rawoicjojigjooojifsscrro. ng)mD3ra3

B. .. . . .• ••-• •o (BTaaifcoioo/ldgj? 6»>p1nj siojcruajo aoanicruicej

B. > . . . . : . . . . . . , . . . , . , . . ; ; v ; ; . ; 1

398

A . traeji6)jy§5Jra)1(sgj? nj'laaro ratscgnno dgjaroicra" awiogsiaicroojo

tBiSTDa. •

B . ~-

A. esoeil a^gjocuftaso «>6r§u. (siogg oflgitiji

B.

2- A.

AB.

. A . • •

B , (3TOOJCTS0 ^(JO) GCDroGRirm <&£J^06m<SffiO ? (3T0^ 6)tft>0gg0o

A. -B . sDrcBaJcsratfra6n§°.

A. : ..•B . ca joroo, (STD^ffiruoro. fO3nJ(OT!S)6TSij g p y i

A.B. gxniajjo ra&niônro ojf&nMo ê>s raronjcfl ruoiceao.' n^)§<06)6IT)iB(S(g).

•' A.B . <3TOg§ C5)6>fm. (SaScUOZo tDIB5TT)1(9Qo gDnBn_KSTO)1 (Offlnf

<9i§1 <96)Oej(SIOT5) ^g<9iOraOCS2)1fiJ3CTI0. 6I0>65r3Ooc9So

VOCABULARY

' k e y ' (aVlrai6ioQ> 'return'

'lock f§ara 'far''somewhere' • j iegg*. 'children'

6><ncuyi<96xo& (Scft.0(sgs3o 'medical college' 6>6><B<O& 'mile'<e>sôo 'beach' crooaoi- 'dusk t ime '

'rainy season' gonBg" lt 0 darken

'jcold' cronoijjjojAciratejaa 'colleague'' jaundice' crv6u<s<fla§° 'illness'

((3ia<fl>°) 'to.be able' 6»6)cn)<9S)1oo cycle '

ruui

399 ,

'desire' , •0 'going and coming' "

'young people' cTUDiimi • " 'condition'

'exercise' ojoaj.aiBsn.e6)0 'to gossip'

'to be fit, to be good' go=s)OLjf@©° 'to include'JUQJ1§° 'cycling' -Qjaj1|u 'to kick'

6)AJQQ}U 'to discuss' njcbî 'discussion'

NOTES

9.36. ] . Note that the future tense marker §° indicates the habit also as inaroiooS (srosrajjoQ 6)G>th«jb cr>s<sso. D a i l y I w a l k 5 t o 6 mi l e s .

9.36.2. In the sentences of the typ^

Will come only at 9 O' clock

«nocsc96)0(aa isn't there only one key for this lock ?

<3T8(rB)<soffl acusma That's all needed.

gr>a/l6>s (snstmxsgj aruo^? Won't you be going only to somenearby place ?

the suflBx -§•» added to the verb form and - ^ to anyother word in the sentence indicates some sort of emphasis andrestriction. Also note that in the above constructions g6nsu be-comes §§§a and the negative questions are formed by the addition

in the appropiiate position.

9.36.3. In the sentences of the typesotMoaroofl (srartnicroiscrienj gDci/lsis

'Damodaran may reach here earlier than that', the verb stemindicates future probability which contrasts with, -g° indicatingdefinite future.

• .-)<{ . : , , . - . ,

UNIT 10

LESSON 37

CONVERSATION

cuma ?

cnitbrarcnicfi/legj tmnnJo6>[D06>a«>?

QJ°l<86rrX)

" ^ ^ Hallo Mr Ahammed!Did you reach theplace ? When didyou come ? Shall Iplace an order at leastfor a hot cup of tea ?

You have three child-ren. You are old also.Isn't it time that youstopped your jokes andfun ?

400

401

6}CTT)1 (S68T3O|j

SfflfDOOO fOTeJl^SiCSaJOajo CDrO.g/1 g j OJQQ)

i/orai. traroi.

n^) jofS3s>s

<gra>eroo<?o fBTDcuicftx.

6>(TjfIB(I)0OOo.

momo

cugero ajt9)S>u^gorrasnecg:|o.

o nns)nSo oje jool

raiemncso roioaS.

oj°lcsmo?

raTOgg6><9jO§§Oo

Keep your jealousy toyourself. You maykindly look at me.Not even a single hairof mine is grey. I amnot yet forty. Beforethat did you stampme as an old man ?

Alright, agreed. Ku-rup Sir, what isthe news in the office ?How is the new Offi-cer ?

He is a very mild typeof person. Very gentlealso. But very clever atoffice work. Did youhear ? He has interestin all and has kind-ness to every body. Hewon't talk much toanybody and he is wellbehaved. In shorteverbody liked him.

You are praising himtoo much. Did healso fall into yourtrap ?' You are reallya terrible guy. Haveyou started polishingso soon ?

That is fine. Aham-med Kaka alsolearnt to make funof people. You willteach the teacher also.

29—3/CIIL/M/8O

402

cft>g6)oa>ffiso rcnsxTio roimoio. nnonb

sonroo

§ya§yo.

•ad1(S§y?

(sioeiraioino?

nJ06TOT!5)1

cruamrori

o o l ? orojosi l (319)8^0

oJi6)CTT>

. £DCT)1 COO©

(Bcft>|i. (BYDrs)

<TO(03<96>O(T>

6)<fl«)

ororoj

s1o_j6rr>n n_fl6>orr>

W K D I . Ccft.ooc98o.

a j ^ j ° 6106OT300 Q « B co

<s<ft,oan1

^Jooo)cro(oic9s)oroo

Stop your fun. Youdidn't tell me any-thing about Swamy'ssend off. What is thematter? Didn't Swamyagree ?

What did you think ofKurup ? Swami didn'tagree first. But, thenI made him agree.

I heard about yourskill. That is enough.Now tell me about thesend off party. Letme hear. Who alltook the initiative forthat ?

Soman, Rahim, Johnyand myself. I collectedRs. 10 each from every-body. Because ofthat reason many hatedus. A few cursed uson our face.

Add the footnoteslater. Tell me thematter.

Alright. Listen. Weconducted a grand teaparty at the Coffeehouse.

Didn't youphotograph ?

take

403

cnmgsis cocsrncraab (arDajucroro

6><e>o§gsgD. CTUirmomo

<0j(2aoo1t3ao65raff)aa'os)<9€)

Gojocc / l . ana

eras 6in_in56)oruoQo

OOP! CTOlBBOOOQJo

nnocfl 0% raocno sonra <9>osm6m

cnionra.

Yes. We took. OurGanesan arranged withthe Apsara photo-graphers. We gavehim a good presentalso. We sent all ourcommittee members tobuy the present. Thelady staff also went.They bought a tablefan and a good pen set.

Was Swamy happy ?

Then what ? Youshould have seen thatscene. Even his eyesglittered like his baldhead. For the photo-graph, I sat left toSwamy and Johnystood just behind him.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a 1 . cftiSOSTUTO) fflOOTOo fiJlfflCTO (3TBCQ)0Oo 6DCl-fi6)S6)0QX!jr!jfi .

2 . orooooirtn,!) croGaffigroo OTIJUXDO^

1 . <m> <ft.ejô6rD«sim1aa0

2 .

2 . csTDOJorooonajo oracuoo

2.

2.

nJ06roro)T<sg-j?

cscDfDfflRiTin O J i § T g - ( .

404

>0 co°l

2.

2.

2 . rarocuoo OJIPCOJ eft.LQ6)0Q)OcnB»

j _ 1 . (SO) <ft(srrorocsj)6)s ojocftiraa (sraajrii miorro.

2.

B. Build up drill

Model

nj(Tj)1cnoco)1rao

ruroiirnocajifD

(Bc&tDg 0TU(B0Sc9«)O(%

1.

00)01© (BraOOijXjinB0 ^^0001003(33,95,00) o CDStiJimi 0Q)1 g j .

2.

405

3 ,

6)<9)0§(!!tm1 cg-j ?

oruamociOo

n\>amo<T>o srrrao


Model 1(936T0TU)0

2 . )

3 . rootu gos)cea

4 . ratocurft ift>gTc!g)o

Model 2

ruo§orro.

1 . fDSlSTDi

2 . (3TOIEE CUOCTVOjTsiCT) Oj1g1efl€CTW.

3 . n_J£J eSjOfD^63T3ô (BTD6i513S)CD

4 . ajsraroi" mcnoocfflT

(Past tense -m)

(Past tense

<ftaj6TT)'l.aJ.

Model 3 (Past tense -6rBT3) )c S a O o o ^ g " OTOSQIJJCTTO .

i9iOOogniD"

1 . orvco efijLQ

2 . <0J§1QS2>6>S

3 . (grorro <0j§1<eeo goi) mooruo (ai?6tajj O-icsyqrii

4 . raraam n^)gjoo

Model 4

1 . S°l.gJ<5

2 . ,

3 ; ra

(Past tense -s°)(Sc£bC»c9«(B0nDO ?

o CT)160T3OO

O j 1 § G 0 m 0 ?

406

Model 5

1.2.

Model 6

nnejcsDitsionicna0

s aiejcQ)1rab cBTDffignOo

ci/l6n§o a/l6rrgo

(016)07) (3T9)

1 . ratoajffiCDCsjio

2.3.

4 . raia) nj1^t9«)S)CT) eoroênjoejo

Model 7

onomooffli

monnocxjjT

1. (us/loo) as1

2 . 6TO)OCTOo (3IB63QCT)6)(7JTO)

Model 8

crooeoj6ist30o

(Past tense -6™u)

(Past tense ~mS)U)

(Past tense -

(Past tense -<">")

moora.

1 . (BfOJij"nS>Cib CCUCOo (SClJCOo ODStBaOTID.

3.

Model 9

1 . (sra>

2 .

(Past tense - m )

Rnicrroomigj.

407

Model 10SOoil oJOicSSo.

O tnA.cS, (gCTTO eOoM

1.

2. )g. 3 . rooQ toociaioej a^)giB6iDicS8u

4. g5 . (STOIBB @6TT)1«0Q)O6>t96)

6 . (OOOD <ft§i6)CQ) ag)§e9Qo.

7 . sabaJcnnajoe j iaa 150001 CBIDOJOO csoeji6)C!Q)os)<96)

8 . e936TOnj>n6XT>(BO(25o tSTOOJOo

9.1 0 . (3T0OJ(!B6>S

1 2 . cnimcsso raracicyooo .croamomo

1 3 . ojajloa) imp 6>njqô.

1 4 . cruuia2)(isto)u (S^JOQ° gsmTcgj?

15 . Sisnsm" (snamexw Aoemodi

Model 11

1 . gB6rnn6Kfi)06><e«>

2.3.4 . <fl>LO

5.6.7.

8. roo(2)1

D. Response drillModel 1

OJ06OT31.

oolonra.

ag)crra OLJCTTB?

m l c n i sroiwocrra cuonro.

408

2 . gx r ro fooa jTe ie j c n i c-^j)6)owo6>c8«>

3 . gDg)aJ6M> CT)i63BCo n{j)(2) nJOOo

4 . 001601300 n^)65B6)CD gDCUiS)S OJCTTO ?

5 . cDi60T3Oo

6 . nDi6!5BOo

Model 2

«n°l(?icni).

as)1(i>crr>')gj.

1 . CT)i6013Oo (STDCUfflfO fflOGOTnO ?

2 . <9j6raro>° gO6)d96) c6jfD(56T3T0)O ?.

3 . (BTOtEB ^§g6KD06)c96)

4 . 0T>T65t3Oo

5 . ODT go(2)Gajcr)o

6 . eonuo crocaiBgoOo goo aj(Soaajo or>s(i3ro)1ecs2JO?

Model 3^ O O ruralcaiMCc/lOft

j . 6ra)ori5

1 . gorno rooojifflej (stD^j°^roo3 mimeaa rroaaiomo

2 . ffl1mi6ronnorrro rooûji mtf1

3. m l (319) ool fBi croimlia

4 . or)i63i3g6)S .ftejôemo

5 . aVl«si3Oo crujormo eft,ot5

EXERCISES

I Complete the sentences marking the correct word out of the choicegiven.1. mimierOTtnoonro0 6nno6)cno«B oroioolm .

<ft>06T10o

409

2.OJCTTO .

QJ(O3On9 -

cucmigy

3.

4 . t936T!5Taio nQ)<rtt>o

5.

cnionoigj

6. oisoocTDOOa roooj1s)&J m l og)Oji6)S ?

II Convert the following sentences to their corresponding past and futuretenses.

1 . cruTro) csa> oj°l§1s)n3o

2 . rocul rara)Groo§o ml6npaT)1 g j .

3 . rarofflu nJejnnoroo g6nao<9scTTD.

4 . toog csmojGicfoo (ôicaiitsb <ft,1s<e«5CTra.

5 . ccruomab (BTDOjisstonnsicm

6 . (ongj roocjus>cs»iBO(ja)o

7.8. <flj§1 cooajuirai

9 . (BTOCUS>roO6><96)

1 0 . (3TOCS2JOOO 6)OJQ6V01 CTOlECffio

1 1 . crooa>CT)65Bg6)s O J I E J

1 2 . coT SiJBoo aJgffia (£3o_l (3irt53<5CTTO ?

13.14. inorroo ag)(®15.

410

HI Fill up the blanks suitably.

1 . agiamo G6nj6Tu1

2 . ffinrr)i6roro)oonrou rara> oj°l§1ra3 cue/loo) acra crus^-

3 . og)6>nfto (atamEajjffls aoraooo qs iGaJoejo .

4 . nj^j<9s)o1,a>sos

5 . cm> <e.oroô cn°l

G.

7 . (ST?) €ft>Qj^06TD(0Ta)1aao

8.9.

1 0 . 613)00(5 (513) OrUoSQJo n{j)(B0m

1 1 . gDcmS'EJ (3T9jf83o aJCr^c936>lI10

1 2 . gDCTtD" m1s)cm (snegnOo

13.14.1 5 . f8T0OJ6>rD6>0Q)06)s96)

IV Negate the following sentences.

2 . (OOli CT\lc9Jal'lGCT>0§

3 . a^)gJ0OJ(ZBo oJs<3IB)1(0i <SODOt963CTTB

4 . (Bio(BgnD(iJti5)ToDo aroflmo

5 . (BTSCSJJOOo CDgJ OldjonOtDo

6 . ffisoejTfflQQJgjOo nn*l(3cnD.

7.8.

V Answer the following questions.

2.3. g

CaJOCCQJO?

4 . gocmnai rooigji CT)16BBOO n jisg) (B6n)1c9«u g06ws1?

5 . ag)OTOo CT)i60BOo OOScSaOOj

411

6 . gDCTTO (00O-Tl6>eJ mi60BOo

7 . ciroocjoofi>6m cnTffljBOo ra^)(j;

8 . o/ lgi toi ooTajsoo ra$g§ eooadoojiroi cujocrootoT<9ecnro?

VI Using the given table construct various sentences with verbs in thepresent, future and past tense.

CDiOTBOo

(3TDQJ(%

6TO)Ori5

(Buy

gDCTT)S>ej

gocrta"

lllTmi6T!!T!5)OOrt00

tiioooornooo

(3T0Qj1S)S

QJ8) s i CD

mosTco^©06TO(0TO) I OfO

tSjLD

njejooooo '

OJO

CoJO

VOCABULARY'order'

'gentle person'

rfuo<e>0CTOrt ' interest '

'jjj b r i e fmemo

'at least''jealousy''turned grey' (mraS8° 'to turn grey')'to be complete''stamped' (Q(3<e>g©° 'to stamp')'agreed' (<roraBra>1<9s° 'to agree')'too mild a person' <TW)IBJO»

'pure''clever fellow''mercy''well''liked, held' ( ^ i s i aa" 'to l ike ' to hold)'to praise' ^û 'to fall''toad catching, going behind somebody for one's ownpurposes'-'teacher' ^S®" 'to lose' J ' ;'send off' oilîoroidso0 «to #£$£ '..

'skill' QQfoisraraoQ) 0 'send off''party hospitality''took the initiative' (<1®5's«o 'to take')'Rs. ten each' , o-Hnrtaa0 «t0 collect'

412

ojiraio

t9j oM 6TBT (3T3) £J

f0i1§63Bi

'shaie''hated' . (« "Q<s

'to curse'

'coffee house'

'gift, present'

'commitee'

'bald head'

'glittered' C"1?

«* 'to hate')siq-jsmi

fDoCOo

*6oi3° 'to glitter')

>

'foot notes'

'grand''to arrange'

'scene'

NOTES

10.37.1. Sentences with verbs in the past tense are introduced. It may benoted that all verbs do not form the past in the same way. In theexamples from the lesson, as they are given below, nine past tensesuffixes can be identified.

'Ahammed reached the place'.sff)roooo roigjQsi mro_3/lgj. (--9d°)

'Not even a single hair turned grey'.

Not completed forty years./ d & o r o j o (S<ft>csgo. (~s")

Did you hear the news ?.ro>6)ci3o ro>ej02)1«s3 r u i s n a . (

Fell into your trap.

.Who all took the initiative?.MBTanJ°mJ(D o ru CXi)1(S0Q)O<S«)P6>tD

Arranged with the Apsara studio people

I sat for the photograph.(Bs?06rr>1 cgoc9)1cs5 mn

Johny stood behind.

413

10.37.2. To understand the usage of the different past tense markers givenabove one has to observe the nature of the verb stems. As youmight have noticed in the earlier lessons there are verb stems whichcontain -<e«u in the present and the future tenses and those without

njoi<9scno, n_io1<9Sc. ' learns, will learn'

OJOOQJCTIO, ojocsô . ' tells, will tell '

On the basis of the presence or absence of this -<<**" let us labelthem as <9>o«>1(!n verbs and «m><a>oro1r5> verbs. This reference will behelpful while stating the behaviour of the past tense suffixes.

10.37.3. Past tense marker -§9 is added to (1) verb stems C n J 0 *° andwhere the <fe° and becomes zero in the past as <Sa-JO0Q)'1 'went''became'.

(2) Verb stems ending in a consonant preceded by a long vowel asin O J O S U > O J O S 1 < s a n g ' - ;• .

(3) Verb stems ending in double consonants as in" ;> go658i 'slept'

> ffiiOTisn 'spoke' uttered'> (smoî ' looked ' , and,

(4) Verb stems having the shape ( c )+vc vc as" > ^ffrmi ' W ro t e '

10.37.4. Past tense - -aJu is r.dded to the * M 1 ( ' 1 stems where the <ss°preceded by -§9- -f813CQ)O/.<m<Q>" O r -n®CQ>'>.

nLjoT<9*>o |> n-joljx^ ' s t u d i e d '

<™x»?£&u > (siBcm^ ' s e n t 'e«»SSo > cro>^ ' r u b b e d '

Note the exception SQ«>1<ss)u > rtBonra 'sat>_

10.37.5. 6T5ra)° -occurs with <sro<e>o<oi«n verb stems endihg in(3TO0Q)0 ICSTQ

> fôisraroj ' threw'

ruooa>°;> aJOsroraj ' told '

° 'got rubbed'

414

10.37.6. s ° - s° added to (1) <fl»oron«n v e rb s t e m s preceded by -o° and -becomes - s° in sandhi

p> <s<a,§ 'heard'

(2) (sraa.oroircn v e r b stems ending in -°° which becomes -*"* insandhi as in m0 |gu > ^ ^ 'lengthened'.

(3) and with the verb stems of the shape C + V + ( V ) + S ° or -«"*as in oi1s°>aj1| 'ieft'

>§6m 'took meals'

Note that before past <ft06lrt& becomes

10.37.7. -ens is added to oroAoroitm v e r b stems ending in -» and this -» isdeleted in the past tense.

10.37.8. mS)"i - s added to (1) <feora'1f!51 verb stems where the -<e«o is precededby -§ or -&

as in 6)ta>o§<s«)0 .6i<ft.o§g® 'gave'

ftn1(5c9S)u j> rai*l(?)^s 'finished'

(2) A few <e>°«>'lcOT v e r b stems where the -<ea°is preceded by-(3ra or-°u ® 'cut''cut'

63<eo° > ag© 'agreed'

Note the exception -io<9>°> jg© 'died'.

10.37.9. -OT° is added to ora<&ora1«n verb stems with the shape C V w" andCVC § as in

'did''saluted'

10.37.10. -onro° is added to

(1) Aoroinn stems where in -<Be>" is preceded by -f818 (except thosetaking -(!rro)O for past)

IBOC96>O j> iBoorro ' f o r g o t '

cns<ea° > cnscrro

415

(2) (BTOdhoroinn verb stem ending in . ,arna, > f5)l(Scnra 'finished'(intransitive) . :.,

(3) to verb stems aim"' and «"< where the ro° is deleted in the pasttense as

(3)crra 'gave'

There are a few exceptions which have <°u ending <s®°«ft<& stemsbut take a for the past. . '

cuoro" > cuorai 'collected''dristled''leaned'

e<ftoro°> cscfljoroi 'drew' (water)

10.37.11. Past tense m" is added to (w&oan™ v e r b s tems ending- ^ or - «*

;> tmicrro 'ate'6>jajcrra

Note the exception m i ^ ^ " a •ftOfDinn verb stem taking-"1 for pasta s cnionro 'stood'.

10.37.12 roi0S)O0 is another second person singular pronoun indicating highdegree of respect. It is used in very formal speech. If it is usedin friendly circles it is only for the fun of it as in the sentence fromthe conversation.

Did you reach the place?

UNIT 10

LESSON 38

CONVERSATION

sKueamo cftiiaejo?

<9>O£JOCQ/1.

6TD0.

db njcgjno

ruoolgj.ratoGLincs2)ej1s)ri3o

msrr/l txjnnisicnofficm

(Snjoq6><&>§

(3ia>

currra !

arinoofl CSTD§

cojogcnasni 0

Kanialam is the ricecooked ? Now it isJJ Q' docj^ \ê havet o g e t tjjfi c a r r j e r mealsready before 1.30P. M. Don't delay.How angry that boywas yesterday !

Today it wiil not hap-pen like that Ther i c e j s cooked long

416

417

rtnacro

(o1as° ^§1raio (BTSfoggonrD. caracul Qa>&/]<sri5ogD0 b a c k . I h a v e p l a c e d

mxa-^. <&o«A nsrri)g&cT\c<o§g)«s& on the oven the Aviyaln-io-|So dfco^jsmo. Vegetables also. TheyOOJOOQ njo(gj)ajo, a r e a | s o cooking. I a m

ffl6)<9«) grxrnfflej 6)6)CIJ<9>CSCTD(0O grinding the ingredients, for Pulisseri. I already

got the masala groundfor aviyal. Both willbe leady within quarterof an hour. Then Ihave to fry the papads.I should prepare thebuttermilk also,washed the meais carri-er, buttermilk bottle,etc. yesterday eveningitself.

I fried the papads alittle while ago. I gotthe buttermilk alsoready. I even kept it inthe bottle. I have takenthe pickles also in thesmall container. I haveno work left behind.You should make thosetwo curries ready. Thenwe have won.

Amma, today alsothe Pulisseri is a little

oâdio ^ t . Didn't you puta06>amo 10 to 12 chillies ? 1

ground alt those. My; hand is burning. In

that case how hot theeurry will be!

cnT

0 <snam

m>om®

30-3 CIIL/M/80

418

<groom: smoacno moons. or>Taj>o

(u>oo)1ro3

? iraroi.

. <EOJC/)O

<9.<D£Jo: csro<m> CL$6)cm

a_MTfl6)CT)oorra<snJoejo

cnaiBOo a tmooQ. csrogg eo_jo6)g

.oa i?oi5<snj(!n6)rm

srcnoeonoQ. raroimi cn_is1c<e«>sn§.

aismT

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill1 . gDcrro"

2 . cnjocnjooicsriSoajJo

1 . foojsab ajg©ca>g1cx2)1(ai cnnooq.

2 . rufflcflfli rffioojoii ru(Q"\<B&icnr\<til>

3.

C2 . nJrtJS6>ffilO6ic9«l OOJSTTO

4 . ( l JOa j i lO i oJsHuCTUOfD

j forgot on my partDidn't vou also re-member ? That's allO.K. Let us add someextra curds. Today'scurds is very sour.You grind the masalasoon.

Amma, please don'tmake me nervousTime is not yet eleventhirty Yesterday wefailed Let us leave it.Todav we can defeathim He will comeonly at 12.30 P.M.Before that we cankeep the meals carrierand the bottle of butter-milk on the verandah.I have taken that res-ponsibility. You pleasedon't worry.

momocoJi

419

5 . -e.oj.aj1 gD6)onr)CT)1<9«>0 aasi croamocno roimo.

6 . OT3)(iBo fflimisnrraiocmfflroro) ruraicftftjoo/lraft

7 . c836T3T!5io <ft)G<TOfa0Q)1(35m1mrao fDiosi* <u*l6rn>.

8 . gD<ro6>njro> ^ g o m i s i e j <S>Q$|G!513S>§OS><0S> CDCTDOODT.

9.

10.

11.

(316>0fT)

B. Build up drill

Model

1 . ercnoocj

<SfO)OOQ?

<Bra>(53

2 . <ft>f A.1 cscsjjq ?

nJ0

rr>T

3 . OoJOQ ff)c9)§1 .

(tn6)CTT)

0 s imoc* ro>6)onr>

4.

6)<ft>§1.

f>JnLJS6)CB0S)cS«>

oroaai

5.

4t?Q.

emoqi

m1mi6TOTO>ocrra0 rooajfl e e j a j o

C. Substitution drill3. (araaffi nnnom 1

2.

3.

4 . (OOCJU O-JO«IOTB).

6ta)on5

610)003 eftiSng.

5. cn1

6.

(gT90Q)<B.nJO

7.


Model

2.3.4. ^§5 . (3TBlg)OJ)o «nCO/l fO3u (BTB)

6.

7.

8. dOjejbogJCDai turoiiaaiccyitcft s«nooq

E. Response drill

Model 1

422

1 . y ^ Tj i60Bt5o (313) OTOiCOiffi cftCSTTSO?

j j ...? , . . . , . ? |D£J- arcnoofl

2 . A . CT>165130° (STOaflCTS GnJOGOQiO ?

3 . j ^ # CT)i608Oo g o © (SOJCOo

g ? ? gogj. 6imoob

4 . ^ iftHiej (3T9) nJO^ (lJOSiCC!Q)O?

B . • • ' - • ? ?

Model 2

§£j-|ooT cni65i(aiacungnjool eanodb enrrao oJ06roro)1gjcgjo.

2 .

3-

4 .

A.

B.

(OOCDffKSJ

«WC

63(03. . . .

<a>LD<9jg'

qJOol 1

jnjieioDf

? (00006)00)

yool cnie

>o1 rarool

Sd001

QQ)OCfl

Lfi)(fU) ri_JCT3LSc0D o n lOOOJi <TJ ?

Ci Oo ^6 ,36 , ^0^ C ^ ?

EXERCISES

I Combine the following.

2.

3.4. crvnuai _i_oosu

5.6.7. 63cno°8.9.

10.

423

(b) Split the following.

2.

3.4 . aJ§1e9S§1

5 . n_J.aJ(!JTB)(lJT!J>

6.7.

8.

9.10.

II Rewrite the sentences using the corresponding past tense forms of therespective verbs. '

1. ml2.3. gyD njfoicftaicfijiejo c|)(^6in5o m<&>db

4 . (3T9(S§nOo

5.6.7 . <T)i6i5BOo oJipOQ) ^|ca.06>ro6)CQ)06)(B«) £DO<9aGOD0?

8 . (3TD<s§aocijo <63Q(v/l6>ri5o ojeacs2)1(qi OJTSTO.

9 . nj^ja«)oi6)cs2)0S)c96i OTOOJOO (Brajf53os <9jSce)iRj5a>ncno aJ06BBi<»acnro?

10.

Ill Complete the sentences choosing the correct forms.1. riLjraiioai 650o£)1oro6>o n^gjoajAcoao cugnto .

mscrra

2. CKoejicesiorona"

aicrro

3 . gg(TO6>ej(arB)6>an

4 . 6ra)onS raraaom

5 . (3T3)

7.

8 . -

(T)1C!Q)o

6 . (STOÔ) i^gcSjo ^ n ) <ftiOic9«)0

424

cnicrro

SO&gHSD

6)C9J§1 CCXWO

onOcrro0

— ?

COOK)

9.

10 . cni65BOo fi^gffl aruoaiocDo

aiorro

a i l

OJ06B131

•asIV Match thefbllowiag. .

1. oruioDim mocrra

2.

4.

6.7 . <xjo(db

8 . CrLO06n

9. fi-igJSo ojigi^j

10. ALa ift>6ne1gj

V Use the following verb forms in sentences of your own

VI Rewrite the following sentences, in their corresponding negative forms.

2 . CSTDCQ)0Oo S>OJQ6)f5> Gn_10CS2)T

3. tsra>^rU(J2)1ojS)ra msa«)0rii

4 .

5.

6 . fsroonra^nncej OTOOQJOOD ffijsoejTce6)0

7 . (STO) ttno(s<9«)0ejo

8.

9 . flcuggfoTaaajJo tft>(Trro>1(tflt96>os2)o

1 0 . so®- n_iejar)ofoeffios)d9«

VII Fill in the incomplete dialogues.

B:

B:

426

A : ag>cmo(o3 cruoromigj,. (iQicroi^0 aioigo, g m i

(0)6TO°*

B:^ -CT)T6

B:/^- oj*l§1fflai <BS3oej1.es°

B:OOo ^gQO) c9.§Ta>g6)S a>0f0ô O6)c96)

faroojoo n n s x m o ^ g j o o a a J i m o p u . ro6r^cn1oBJOBOtD3(5scg)o

96>ooft nj>6>onr) cug6>ft) orutLCOJo ccufffDo.

A:]$• g 6 n | u . 6i(Ug1oQj1ejs)(oro) G s t a e / l a s " s n s <Bsoej1ee6)oro1csj)6n§0.

iOSJJo OSIdSSl OJgÔODo, (3TS1656)1310) 1BOQ

Tca> £B0(fiJ)GlE g g g e •

A:, B (3TB@S)A06T1806nDo (3taOJOo<068u

A:g_ orocugsis €ft.ai osrDo cnsoraoob

^gcfl30fD6>ciJo ffita>mo6rra° njcgjrfi.

A: :B_aje-floQ) CSSOEJI arrrao'gDgj. crooramiej. (gtoojiftcBs orv6Uffioc!a)1

rruou/lc9«8o.

A:

VOCABULARY

'gOt cooked' (<scucu° 'to get cooked')'t0 get meals in a carrier''t0 delay' OJOQ° 't0 happen''to place, to cook' <B"$I° 'piece''to crush, to grind' . . mstDiÂ 'hour''papads''to fry papad, to boil milk, water, etc' N

'buttermilk spiced with green chillies, coriander leaves,ginger, onion, etc.'

427

cn"[n"

oroiooq

curooctm

NOTES

10.38.1.

10.38.2.

'bottle' ;' .,'.'• .'washed' (f»f*>" 'to wash') •• ''remaining, balance' x

'curry' isca/l^ 'Won' (saan<98o 'to win')

'hot taste' •'chilli' §2S° 'to put' ''to feel burning sensation''remembered' (aocbsa" ' t0 remember')'sour taste, tamarind'

u 'to be nervous, to be'perplexed''failed' ceworaSaa" <to fail')'verandah''shouldered the responsibility' ^(*<s«u 'to shoulder')'to be afraid'

Past tense is continued. The new past tense markers introducedare -cm" and -°°.

-Cf3)° is added toCOJOJ".

verb stems of the shape CVV cu" as in

'cooked', 'boiled'

'pained'

10.38.3.

cor)oru°>.

-° u is added to &o^™ verb stems like cfa>o<D5<sa0,which have VV ^ or V in their verb stem before -<96>O. ,

The -(B* becomes -* in sandhi as in

e«no(t!i<eau> csrowoq 'failed' •

n (oi<9«ic > O ^ O Q 'took over the responsibility'

aj1ra5<99u >. CUIOQ 'sold'

OO)(!5Se0Qo ^»- 0B)OQ ' s p u n ' •

Note the exception. oryi<oaasu> onionra 'stood'

tiNlf ioLESSON 39

6TO)60T3S6)S 6)o_JOQ.

CONVERSATION

<8soe_iTs>0Q>os)c9«> ofldicanno?

oJOQQiomo? arm

gOCTCTDcaoio rooojisiej

Hallo, Bhargaviyamma!What is the news ?Did you finish all thework?

What am I to tell?No work is done.Since morning there issome bad omen. Some-

dhwoowlasicm. csrorgo DOdy cut the rope ofour well in the earlymorning itself. It was

428

429.

GOJ6X5

cucrro.

(BT8GO-J0 OoJOQo cft,oTcsJ)o 61<Tn)o

e g j ? iB6m1 fosriira

fSo.f3TO.affi:

cgorm CCBOCTO0

OJOa€)6TT)o .

aaj6ns.(STBSSBQOD gDCl/l

gggsgoai OJOCJ.

a new rope. Thatalso broke. The pulleyalso fell into the well.What am I to do now ?My husband is alsonot here. So we couldnot buy new rope,pulley, e,tc. We hadto draw water fromour neighbour Su-mati's house. I broughtit myself. Thereforetoday's cooking, eating,etc., will be very muchdelayed.

So didn't you cookrice and curries? Itis 2.30 p.m. past now.

I cooked the rice andfried the fish also. Butmy eldest son doesnot like fish. He wantsonly meat curry. Theothers don't need meatcurry. They wantthat also to be fried.Thus cookmg is a bitdifficult in this house.Only 1 can dance toeverybody's tune likethis. I told my pro-blems. But I didn'tevs.n tell you: to sit.How absent mindedam I;!

Why do you need thisformality with me?

430

•eo: '(SIBIED:

s e m i col <e6>6ro<>. r ô rnTg 0

6)oJ0tp>1?

ggtsttno?

6m1co)0.

nj inro"

igo: ispom:

63I3g6>S e j fg igg" ÔDGEJ

eo:

go:* raramn:

(3TOCTO1BD:

(O6T1I cft>1

e o : (BTsam:- . fsrajgioftajoejs

(BT5)(iBo gr>J80Q)OC/5i<S«)1^JOrT)(5lBB.

6S0PTBa

That is O.K. Butyou please sit. Thenlet us talk. •What isthat packet in yourhand?

You mean this one?This is a piece ofcotton cloth. This isto get a frock stitchedby that tailor Antony.This is for my son'sdaughter.

He is a good tailor.Even yesterday we gota frock stitched forour Latha.

That is O.K. I havesomething to tell you.

What is that?

Last week our goatgave birth to threelambs.

Is it so ? That is fine.Now you will get moremilk.

Here after we will gettwo more litres of milk.

•Our decision is to sellthat milk. Here doyou need goat's milk?

Annamma, here no-body uses goat's andbuffalo's milk. Nowdon't you sell eggsand cow's milk?

431

gsneooaflflBorro

<ft>OOJ

6>onr) rarassg

6}(O3 CTV6U<B<S6)S°

fOSTTg

OJCTTD.

c9i61O (OTOOOQJo

6308-OjiOUc. (31060136)0) tft.!?.!

Till last month we hada cow and hens. Twomonths ago itself thatcow stopped givingmilk. Then we sold itoff. All the hens died.All got some disease atthe same time. Now wehave only three buffa-loes, two three goatsand a few ducks. Sothe business is notthat good. Thereis less profit. Butthere is no great losseither. Somehow weare managing. Wehave to live one wayor other.

DRILLS

Repetition drill

1 . (313)$

6)OjCJo.

2 . (3TO(0i

- 4 . €9>O(0^6BT3Oo

moms

' 9..cssoe/l

6.

7,,

8".

9.

10'. ruooo

aroiorii

6><a?QS<9aona.

(tnicrn (-or>°\

B. Transformation drill

Model 1

1 . (3iB) o_iya>a/lGCT)o

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. rai?i njejfinoroo (sa>m finiorro?

cuiocj.

,433

8 . rard) i^joiBo

9 . efl/lemooiraS (3ra>ro3

1 0 . (SO) <a>LO 6T01S5T3OO (S<ft>|j.

1 1 . OJOl ODCTDOOQfi <fl>g>cft>1.

Model 2

fOOCD

1. faroam cfeLD

2 .

3 .

4 . (Broom Qcu

5 . (8T8ar>fflffi3°

Model 3

[gn>Oj3ED

2 . e9)0(lj1e)CQ)0S)c9S)

3 . GSO6n5 nJfDT<ftftlCQ)1(05 G(!S)OOQ.

•4. f3IDQJ6)0i5o gPSCffftO

5. snj<ro° ratanjios mionra.

C. Substitution drill1 . (STOfflffl gDO.a /1 Q J O g B B .

2. oraaDflai (3i8) nJôjTfflm cuiocj

31—3 CIIL/M/80

434

3 . <aj6njroi1fooiBcft mejasiol

<9>S

CDRBC

saocm

4.

5. w)oras

6.

7 . (3T9jaJ°jifl>CT>IOB(BO(&

8.

9.

aims.GnJOCfifl

OJ060T31

OJ065B1

OJIOQ

CD"1 cuot/oi

njoosrotoio

OTO o CTOOCOT <96)6IT) o

(SSOELj i 6)ja

CT)T CO C06> 6TT) o

435

1 0 . (SO) (SI8)«B

GaJOd&CTTD

D. Response drill1 5t9)§ 6>aJOCJ

(5t5)(S6TDO?

2 . A . S™ 0 0 ^ ^ S J 0 n-IOOOJo

g (3Ta60B6)CT) ? (STOgB —

4 . ^ 6V0)Oa5 r»JO(CO)63T36)gOS)<efi)

• Q 9

5. A , sroiodi aomoo ôoruirai

o•

nJ0(3% gDCDi

ocmoo

EXERCISES

I Combine the following according to the model given.

1.

2. rugsmo

3. c9jggo_|_6)aJ§1

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

_i

j

436

11 Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the words given

1 . m1oDi6rsTO)ocna° cnT n®ga cn/lonia

2 . or)06)g(5t3)6>rm (3ia>

3 . (SIEOCSCD^ cnT oôroflna0

4. rera)

5. elojoruajo cn*l

6 . (319) 8.aJ0OQnJ0(gJ)o

7 . gocmnBJCSJo nJajSo (swam roisiom

8 . fDGojooo rara) s)ajggs)mos)(Sffl agjawioD

9 . | D ^ J . 6TS165BOO (ST3)

1 0 . (5T5)f33S)S a J J ^ ^CIDSiej ?

?

3. (3IB)

5 . (3i0ixi0iiaoro0 eoojaro

6 . srtnonb

III Complete the sentences choosing the correct forms.1 io (sra>

2 .CTO o oroofoT csacrro

ffioJOOQ)!

cucrro

437

7.

8 . (aTOCQ)OOo«9a

9 . (3T3)^crO(SaffigCn6)(!JT!nn-|OOi nVlOTBOo

10 ,

OJO6T3T0J

IV Use in sentences of your own.

<ft>^yojso , ejoeo,

oicna

V , Read the lesson and answer the questions.

sronno

c$y1«Bcrro.

2 . @o<b<r>af\wtm<!si)6)s cgrotmeinonD0

3 . (STOCTDCSIUBCTS c&cgj iaej ^ 6 m T

4 . OTOomcBiMiffls c u i g i f f i e j aj1<BcraoM6)iB0TO0srroo?

5 . S0(?>fnClJiCQ)(SffllB6)S

6.

7.

VII Complete the dialogue.

A. •

comb?

croonV

438

A .(3T0Ggono a^)(SaDO§° ^SnJfflOQJtxJOOT fflOfWo nJO

A. •••••g . (SWgg (&O.aJ gb§«n(05 OTDCgJ? (BIB) O-flgiSJi 6JC0S (§OiOQ)o, (8T0§t&6>g00)o

?

A.JJ (BI!)6)nnCT!J)0 ?

^ , <3ra<5§ar)«jra>i6>a&o ajOgjiraJ cuotoogo

c^jo. siooUocnnoQo ojcuilmocnflrao g j

B- •^ (5rot!5)osnau rfboroô.

B- •A ' o-jro>1oa) OJ°1§ cug»oo)osrro° g jooS. (3iB§(ora) morruo

ai(03cn86rie(S(2). cjuoroogo r u e m o j o 6)cft.06n§ooai1fDiaQo csracn)o<36>s

B.(BTOOJOOI g6Tû. (aronnicDajo ojimloo) OJISIOOSO

VOCABULARY

ill omen'rope' csroog© ' ^ t '

^carooao0 <t0 c u t ' ) ^ ^ 'b roke '(raroQ0 'to break') Rcuggo<Ba,ora3u ' t 0 draw water'OJOQ)°OJU 'cooking' oruorol^ 'fried'

'to fry') <in':e> ' 'fish''meat curry' ojo<rK>° «to fry''work' (ajcojoooo 'difficulty''to dance to somebody's tune''rhythm' @§SU 'to jump'

ootu'1 'forgetfulness' cejoonio 'formality'

439

OJIOQ

(OVlfiBffi

(Bc9>OS>1

aioeo

'packet''cotton cloth''frock'

'delivered, gave birth to''to give birth')'sold''decision''fowl''cow''died''disease''business''profit''to live'

/•Q/loSas"

tft>OOLl

roiooocu"

piece'stitched garment''goat'

. 'litre''to sell')'buffalo' £'egg''milking''to die')'duck''great''loss'

NOTE

10.39.1. More verbs in the past tense are used. Additional verb stemstaking different past tense markers are introduced.

Note that the verbs ^ ^ 6)n-i^ take -° for the past as (3I!)0^> ®n-"ofi.

10.39.2. <ô^(mr\aa ®§^° «to dance to one's tune' is an idiomatic

usage.

10.39.3. .Note the usage <&6roroj65i3g6>s raioajuaffla5 'children's father' to referto husband. Traditional women do not refer to husband by name.Instead they will be referred to by other kinship terms aschildren's father, somebody's brother, etc.

UNIT 10LESSON 40

CONVERSATION

e m r o

ens

cro<Doa>^ IB<P

Will it rain, Mathai?Still I have to dig tento twelve pits more.It is getting dark. To-day itself I have toplant every thing. Daybefore yesterday weplanted thirty seedlings.

gem will it be possible to-i1™" day? Didn't it rain

this time even yester-day? Today also itmay rain.

440

441

2 o a n e o ?

it rained yesterday. SOshould it rain todayalso? Is there anyrule like that?

mrannooa/l: raTB60T30DffltST0) oolcaiBo a r r r a o i i g j .

rarogg

(TT)1

There is nolike that. It is myguess.

That is it.

You are digging sincethe morning. Eventhen you digged aboutten to twenty pits.That's all.

go© <a>sRsrin1gfpa2)i6>sj cuoju&m My boy, this is not likeooonoocoT

<snr>oae(sanno

ana 6)si<a>?

b (5cuej(ij)S)cm <saD0c9«>em<..

aero

raioocn |D<?nT6>aD o-j<a>»>uÊ. cncmoeofi

wossipins on shop ve-randahs. You shouldexercise your body wel).It is a bit difficult. Whatdo you say? Do youmind a trial?

J c a n n o t do this work.Only you people can.Even this agriculturalwork needs some arti-stic skill. Look atyour own work. Howbeautiful it is! All pitsare of equal distancewith the same diameter.

cscno You alone will praisethis. Look carefully.Isn't the space betweentwo pits a little more ?

sera

442

mtsoB"

cus>1

(3TO6)rai. cry (gxonni raft (3106013°

6imori5

(tn<8ej6>ej<pfljro)i6)ri3o

fl CC1J6)O (3T3)fO36>S

(STd)(SfOO

CT)St0616TT)o.

(njcruocno 6>i&>06n§o r^)cn1<ea oiqgi.

scrr)T(S6ST3O|ajo.

ffirtrrcnooQ/l: fD«>

6SOTO0 <SOJ6rE.

Can we see so minute-ly? Somehow oneshould manage.

Mathai, for every thingyou will find out ashort cut. Even your-life is like that. Some-how you will get along.I am not as lucky asyou are. . So I shouldsuffer a bit. That isthe fate.

This is not a matterof fate. You will notbe satisfied by any-body's work. I amnot like that. Let any-body do. Somehow Ishould get the thingsdone. That's all.

I am fed up with yourlectures. Please stop.Annamma, pleasecome. You pleasegive Mathai somethingto drink.

Chettan, at this dusktime I don't need anycoffee or tea.

(3TOfo)T6)cocnT<9s Then will vou drink

! toddy? For that Idon't have the toddybusiness. What a pity!

443

o-ioo1§y.

(s.oj§<8or)osu iDT6rEO(scn j ^ jg really dangerous.

I just cannot talk toyou.

6)6)a_i&/l: nnorti ocrroo af\srssr&. 6)OJQ6Kin (iâtnina You don ' t ta lk any-tfcggo ajoaycnro ? • cnicnTsnsttnoono «nodb goo thing. Why shouldcromca)g£Ej)u gDO-flsarra0 JOOCUCSJJO, ain-jajJo y O U iQ]i l ies? Day

before yesterday didn'tyou have tea andtapioca from here atthis hour?

VOCABULARY

C (JJi7 I cJjGi

6JO3

(BOJEJ

OJ§o

'pit' mS '

'nursery' plants, seedlings'

'guess''dug''to dig')

'gossip'

'to move the body''to move' (transitive)

ccDoafii" <t0 t r y o n c e > k

'artistic skill''work' (BtD<a>ejo

'circle''got separated''to be separate, be away)'life''sacred deed''to suffer'

/fgxsejaejygag)") 'fate luck'

'to be satisfied'

'got bored'

'to get bored, to be fed up with')'toddy' .

'to plant'

'rule, law'

a° 'to dig'

'verandah of shop'

'body'

'distance' :

'to praise'

'trick'

'fate, luck'

'tapioca'

444

E X E R C I S E S ' •• •••.- ••• • • • . . • • • : - ; • - : : . ; , - ,

I Select the words from the given list and complete the sentences.

, 6>ajqêiB0, ajfiBCBcmo,

2.3 . 6T5)6UBS6)S OJ*1§T 6>&J (TJ1000C1J o

4. _

5 . (BTOQQJOOo CTOJCTOo £Bca.Ooc9a

6 . 0D06}g ^ 3 T CTUfflQQ^QJo ffitf1 ?

7.8.9 . rata) rarocroniOQjgiBo (BTBcsgoDtaKnTocn CDHTBOO

1 0 . cr)i60i3gs)s gogco) m<ft(s§os2)o o^)gjo cssoejTayo Q^jcgjonS V

1 1 . rarofDiojo ca.o1o(2J6)iri06it96)

1 2 - cn/ tcnim cft>o6moofl CDIQ^

1 3 . n_]£Jnr>Oro6KBO6)c9<fl (3ID(TO)<BOJCOo ?

1 4 . raroanKBCxjJOgo ODT raw) graroxoo ?

1 5 . rarocuoJ ^cm6)ej<!5ro)acTD

II Rewrite the following sentences in the past tense.1 . eoro^mofli e&iO(06rr)o (3ia> jgjsosjoti

2 . rUS>QQ) W(b COJOJo (3T8QCTTO.

3 . oJ(QB)6n|lIl6mTe9S)u G.OJ06>006)C96>

4 . ru^nj1s)fr)c9S)0oo i nSc

5. IQI) siwocQioo^csjo aw

6.T. 6i!j)0fii

8.9.

1 0 . ajejicsaajiS AStftOCTfo <saicoo moasorra.

1 1 . CTOOlQQlo 6)OJCJ6)tm

1 2 . CS«)6)fD06)<9«) (8W)

4 4 5 . . •

III Rewrite the following sentences in future tensej' •-

1 . a{j)gjo o-ifoiaaicoiejo (BTOOJOS GIOTOOQ.

2 . Cnnocjye/lraSciD'lcrro0 ooaDTcryajsxo raraoojoco CDSCTTO;

4 . misxnSo <moej)6>wos)&€> csra)<o$ a.aJayUgg ?

5 . so® (ST3)Griej0oii«5ra>1nBo (sa,asiu (3tDGgaORjra)1am6)c96)3en|o

6 . raiDcsjiogsis nôoajo gogco (Btft>noo &m <SOJDO<§)!?>

7 . csra(@o!3)o crumccDo (stooiias CDT nêsB&m micrm?

8. cnT

9 .

1 0 . crotSceocro0 <eiO6iDoai rarafflm cnieorDcô cu i cgo?

1 1 . (m8OJt03S)s finejcgsi ccucoo

1 2 . r^)(g)Caj(?i (Bra)

IV Using the given verb stems complete the sentences in present, future andpast tense.

1 . cruonnirtn^ crucsffingmo n>ejca>o§'l<a>go

2 . rardcsiooo ojsjiocy oj°l§o

3 . QCTDOo OTOCClIlOODo fSId)(S<9Q ? (<ft.1§°)

4 . (BtBigms njiormognoD" (saruunacA (STOOJOO6)C96)0«I3

5 . atvcsugns" gD6mi6)QQ)gjoo

6 . ffliCTOo, ,Ô^ji08)6)ffi0S)<fi«)

7.

8.

9 . n£)(© ffl5TT)1<S6)u S^^Jî ^30(T0o ? /O i l s " )

1 0 .

1 1 .

1 2 . csroffiffl(50Q)o§0 snnooft

446

V Give one question each for the following sentences. Use the questionword for the underlined part of the sentence.

1 . (sromB ojoorvcuiftcn o_flg1.aj.

2. cairoiOTRnocna sroiooft cnogiflsi

3. gxrra ojgaiBCD6m1.es>0 6rmoo& g o a / l a s ag)(on»1.

4 . cno§T6>ej ci/l<sc/8oii65T36>go6><es>

6. 6i<&>osn§ajcns.

7 . cnogTrai 6ra)oaJ acre mejcxyogo cruicnica

• cO3s I onLLJ rl_ltJgm|m.

9 . CElTcnQQ)6)S c23S<950foT 6J0B

10.

11 .

12.

13.

14.

MipcnnTcncnoioej n_i(oro)oiB6>(OT!j) cuT

6njjooi5 6njcn)1cob QJCTTO.

§ 1 e j o sroiocrb

ODScrra.

VI Match the following.

1. oruicnrooo"

2 . IBS'

3 . o-flcxroooo

4.

5 .

6.

7. <a.g1

8. nJtootml

9. C^XIOQ"

10 . 6>0Ljggo

a 6)OJOQ

b

c

447

VII Fill up the incomplete dialogues.

B.A . (Btofflnncnno? croaiocyo

B.A , ra^jcroo nJ6)cftai?

(BnJO0Q/l<8gJ?

B.

A- AÔ I

B.

A-B. •••A . fflOGnrw? (3toi2)cg)o rarajcccao? <3TB«n1roT<96)6>§.

B.

A.

B- •

2 . A . ^CJU, f1-10 mtS'9s>u o/l6maj>6>s cuigirai

B-

A . rL(j)nmo? raracuoo cniconnajJo

B-

• A- (3ro@ CaJoesro? goomaej

OfDOg"?

B-

A . (BTORDICTO" cn1ct)6)c9«)g©0? caisnoaiiGCDos" m>G<m

B-A . fOOUO o_IO<S6TOTinO? (BTS6iSt36)CT) C1J(O6>§.

(sreojgosrto0 goo ojs><96)T6)onon<e6) c&oro6mo.

B- • :-

rarocugas o_flo

gooni6)cnn-|oo1

tft>O6tT)S)§.

448

ggarro

A- •

A-

A-J } . - (3t06)fi5)O0rreo a^)CT)1<S6)OiC!Q)1gJ. 6T5)0CT)1 tOTO

(310(010 CUfS3nTB. 6TO)OO3 (SnJ06)§.

A. •••••••

A-i 1 T gocrra

<&§1 c9«)OCT3 © ^ O CTUDSJ

••;-• ; .••-.. ; ; } , : . : . » ' • , .•

• • . ' • • • ! •:-f. . i ! : • « . . „ • •

UNIX 11

LESSON 41

CONVERSATION

(MGCDOOJ cruooinnJo Yesterday I didn't **«*>gj«iejo. you at the feast "in

Menon Sir's residence.

<T>1STOO= rêiam AOOT. ? How will you see me ?

O K T O ^ ^ O . • • ' I didn't come there. '

fflA: (3iBR5i36>cT>ec!Q)o ? (BHKSCDOO3 cruoA r u e a J s f t s o ^ > M a n v t '

( j o a j a D i flQOT, O J 1 § 1 | " m i s r o l M e n o n s i r ^ u e d m e

•44932—3 CIIL/M/jBO

450

cstg>

caJosT <s.ojo ? (3ro6)f!nao)Tor)o? (BYOOQ>OOO

oilgi^/lgy. eraocft

nJifflorDormicnoooJicrocn? (ara>

aboutthat crowd '

j j e didn't call me forthe feast. I didn't go.Then what was theneed for that enquiry ?

w e sayJoseph ? Didn'tinvite all oftogether.

heus

CROcroon"(st9CX2)OOo cuTgi ts i COJOCSJJI c u i g i

!E0((3)o

oroinra"

' O_/16>CTD

I doubt. I don't thinkso. He went to thehouses and invited mostof the people. Hecame even to our nextdoor. But he didn'tfeel like inviting me inperson. Then whyshould I go there ?Tell me. Didn't hecome and tell you atyour house too ?

ag)6)cm «ftM6m1.9S)oa5 anj6ns1ri!0®)o cuemi j j e didn't come only

§y. oa iao ma c&om o ojoooooft g<>n§o xo invite m e . H e had

0B)1«Bcnii- some other urgent

thing to inform.

Let it be for anything.j don't want to knowabout the different pur-poses of his visit. Didhe personally comeand invite me or not ?That is what matters.

6>aSo oj1oi1(sa)08gw)60T3S)goorTOo a^)cn1«96)o1

oojsns. 8 m n > 1 | cuono a a s m i o ^ o

<ara<tno6rra Aoro, jo. .

451

ecnroi

(SB)

6)CTO

•ruGtrf\<Bs>(b: n^)ffij)1ooi60T3aor>

cnra? (BroogfiO

orooorooto1<9a

or>anj6>s

. <ft>goG6iT)o?

(siaslai

nn6)cm(Sr»jos)ej in

<9>SCTTI>

m a a i o o t93S)06)C!Q)os)c9«)

Ai£i6>cQ)O6)<e6)

Can we be so obstf-3

nate ?

Why not ? He directlytelephoned and toldsome people belongingto other sections even.He didn't show eventhat consideration tome. Just for a forma-lity he sent a jointnote to everybody here.I too didn't give thatmuch of importanceto it. I behaved inhis own fashion.

Why do you talk soangrily ? Isn't he oursuperior officer ?

So what ? Don't wealso have some pres^tige ? Are we hisslaves ? I cannot po-lish him as you do.

Joseph, this is toomuch. You shouldn'ttalk exceeding the limit.Can you forget your-self by talking ? Atthis age the blood willboil. But we shouldcontrol to some extent.If we don't we willsuffer unnecessarily.You should rememberthe old stories.

452

(aiocift affl6)aSooQJStgig) a j c n o o j ^ c a a

',-:; " !,' . . a^)CTT>Tsp nLQ)CT)Te&Q C^GTOOTQQ>Hp_I ftDfC

'.'- . i 6>6>CUnM6)n-J§CTTD. fD)OCl5 rr^fflVMH nj

: , , - oonS njo1.rf6)6mo. • gosigysbiraa

, " : • ' • . . ' - . ' • • ' '

- . ' . ' ' " - : ' . : . . •

flOToofl A r e yOU threateningn^j^jcrra. m e ? j s imply sit; ^§cns. j j e r e a n ( j attend to>3o3 mart, m y w o r k you come

fflojftBfflo a n d pa r re l with me.aioroio stiji y0 U dare to. give

me warning. You mustlearn to behave care-fully. If riot it will bedangerous.

DKfcLtSA. Repetition drill

2 . (T)i6i3T3§6)S OjT§1ejo (3TO0Q)0Oo OJOTS

2.3.

1'.-.•2':'

3*.4.

' 2 . <ft>LQ Gdh^(SAû

;' 3 . mscns m'sonro ojT§1ra5

; 2 . fflexOIAOo1, CD|j 6)OJg§o

• - ' 4 ' ; (Bi3)articsj)o

' 5 ' . nJ6TT)b

• < - • • • • • • - • , v

453

f. Sandhi Practice

1 . g6nB0<96)1 icmcna ^gCTisoeflfiiitOTBKTro.

ag)s>rs>1_|_nJo1

r>JOSi._|_<!<ft>|

(Bfuooal I aipm ^ ea

B. Build up drill

Model .

. (ooo/ls>ej

gorrro

1 .

gonurrro

(3T8COOOO

.. 454

3.OnJOOQ/1 A>snf\ SgJ ?

oflgitoi

4 . |DgJ0CS2)i0BeCTT)O?

OJCTTO oJOCSDOCTi CaXBQQJo gD^JOCSI)1«B(SfmO ?

ajTf i ra i cuarra njoca>onj rrumco)o

' 5 . ar

6njao1mfu (DOieaoaJ

•455•


1 . raracoooo ogcrâio amo<9«1

OJOKJBi

2.

oJOwuioi"

3 . (MBUffi <0i§i6)C!Q) CUigi^J dJO6t!Sroj

4 . <SK>e§nOfljro>i6>riio QJ1§1IO5 OnJO0Q)1

5 . cni (BtaaJ6)(0n_joo1

o<a>|

6.

§D(BCTreo

cnscTra"

7. foocu O J O | 6JOS1

456

8 . AID 0-1000)1.0^06013').

9 . cruamocno djoarai

CaJOCOl

OKTO •

,.10.

OJOiiLj

OnJOQOfl

(UCTO

D." Transformation drill

Model

aiT§1<o3 rucrro

1 . orv<9iino(0o5

2 . " ratd) dSioroô (i iSi^. 6rmoa5 Cnjoao)1.

3 . 6TO)OCi5 .SjOro^SOBOo ffl(T)gy1eJOd96)1 oJ

5 . ojo<fl®ift,oo (SjQjosia^jÔTn

6 . nJejnDOfOo g6nBO<9s>T(OTO)nonra. : • •

8.

9 . (3TOlHB<SCfl)0§

457

E. Split up drill

Model 1

2.

3.

4 . raroaffl c ^ jOQa j ^ cu igcn j i .

5 . oraomaffi nncsuittB QJIOQ

ra)

<sn_iooo/l.

g6reo<9fi)1.

Model 2

cft>ggo o1.

2.

3.

4.

5 . (To1ar>1(i)0«5ioro6OT3'Oo

.or>s<s«onra

KTajicesorro.

gsmorunfflCT)

Model 3

1 .

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 . <BTOOJ<&

nnoro

(15)0(0 ;t»_lOic968o

(TjfD*lc9itI

. . •

• CUO6O13I

458

Model 4

1.2.3.,4.

Of)! aJSmo (ifflSSED rfb§OQ><tBggu

COi nJ6TDo n{])§c96>(!BgDu,

Of/I nJSTDo <ft>goa)(tBgD°.

cr/1 <5mtah6><w a/lgs'l.oj

| e9>6IT|

6)OJ§1 6)6)«r»(T)SO(..

5 . 0)1651300 63OS1

Model 5

io ocnoc0«)12 . croinn (Bia> crooe

3 . 6ro)ocf5 (aiaaje(oo§

4 . <3ia<j§ar)

5 . (BIBOJOo

EXERCISES

I Combine the following words.1 . c9>«jiB)1ra1_j_anno§o

. 2 . fflOSi _|_OrU0C!Q)1

3 . gBS6013i i f l

4.

5 . a>oo)f)1

cnicmigj.

nncrro6.7.8 . §060131 J_<ft>TS(BI0)1

9. a.co)o1 _J_A1SCTT9

10 .

II Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the words given.

2.3.4.

/Ojf

ounsflnrosne

)/', « :

459

6.7. 6rc»qrt&

8. otsoaii9. ,

10 .

1 2 .

oruoomootil<ea«B@u

. /I&>OQJO0)

. . O J O S U ) » .

III Combine the given sets of sentences into single sentences.1 . (BTBCUcft O J ( 0 5 o . . ' , • • .

2. raonejojob m>cus>c&o noiooiraS cfcTsaacrro.

3 . sroiorii

6TO)OCi5 oJO0Q)6)§ .

4.

5 . (aroojoS QCT%6)S)<3I

(BWfUoS raJSTT>o

6 . (SraCU 6|T)

(8T90LJ6)(0 OJRB(OIB)6TDo

7. erosmi

8.

9 . flrPoi <T\j<fl*i1<»6)6iT)».

tS)Ooft 6>nJ<TBfl)006TT)o.

1 0 . 1(8 00)000 a s o e j i

(3TBOQJOOO

, ,

IV Split the given sentences to pairs of sentences.1 . (aocuiS nJ^mosi5T3 nnTono cnst&acro. • • . - . .

2. israegnoo «s«Bnj1(joo (gracuaro croaB(m1n_|1^j 6><9>06nganjpcn)'1;, .

3 . (BlSailS nJ3| (U0Si

460

4 . (3TOOJ0J

5 . (HTOQ£2)O6)g <SCV)(Oi(0& cB>6n|r

6 . (SO) <ft§1 roornoca/1

7 .

8» c636T0TU)16)CD 6)<0>O6n*J<2nJOOQ/l C03O6TD1 c9QO(S£3O ?

9 . fHT9>roio OT£

1 0 . croicnroocY

11.12.

V Rewrite the given sentences substituting the underlined words with othersuitable verb forms.

1 . croirtT) oj°l §1 rod oojocefl

2 . (3TDlHfi6>Q

3 . OTOCSJOffi!

4 . o_iooo (

6 . 6>6)cro&t

7. ^ m a

8 . 90e96)OQ

1 0 . (319) c9jO

a oroscpjoMi^ Aeronn" cns<eacni).

B 0 § CTUoOrUOfOiry orOmCQ), <S,gCQJfS3@o.

^)«>(0)1 ^ S - T O i (3TDOJro<fl<3u E 5 S © .

^)^JOOJfSc0Qo nJ&JfiOOrDo g6TEO(06>l QJ.OJ.

i>1©o jD jCUigT fBIDCQ>0Oo (HTDCUTff>S a^)(0T3>T .

cuosjsi cnicajexmrncmmi.

>g OJOOI^J ss1aJias>fiBS°.

VOCABULARYrUEJ

(3Toecr)jnii1<96)0many'to search''together''consider''different''directly''note''manner''pride, prestige'...'to exceed''to control''to frighten''to dare'

(3T0 G Cn J 0M6TD 0

gffigC/Oo

csiEejcju1t&>oro1

'time(s)''enquiry''invite''coming, arrival''aim, purpose''concession''importance''superior officer

,. 'slave''to boil''to suffer''warning' ,'carefully'

461

N O T E S ; . ; - . . . • , . . - . : . • • ' • • • ••.••• .• •• ' ; • •• r

11.41.1. This lesson introduces the complex sentences using verbal participlesderived from the past tense form of various verbs. These verbalparticiples modify the meaningsof the main verbs indifferent ways.Being verb modifiers these are used , before v^rbsrin.any tense.

fSTOOMOo' 6DO-li6>S OJS)Cm6)OnD.OJig1i96l6>§ . '

Let him come here and call me. ' " ' '(3TDQCW0OO g>O/ l61S CU5KTDS>OT» n j ' T g ' l . g y . •

He came here and called me.raracojooo gDO/l6)s ojQrmorrr) O-fig1<ee<mro.

He comes here and calls me.OIBCS2JOOO gDO-fios ojQomsioD nj1g1<a«)(j6mo?

Should he come here and call me.

11.41.2. In Malayalam the verbal participle is indicated by -2U/-® after the-past tense.

0-flgi.g^ ri-iosnrroj(Sc9>§ cnscna

11.41.3. Please note that after the past tense suffix -S no other verbal5

participle marker is added.<Sh_10CQ)1

11.41.4. When both the sentences are in the negative it is indicated by nega-ting the main verb.

raroaiaa <ftsn§ ruosrsraiigy. 'He didn't see and tell.'

a <mcucS> Asrisigj. ' f j e didn't see.'b. (majah n_io6Tara)1 ' j j e didn't tell.'

11.41.5. More than two sentences can also be combined using the verbalparticiples.

| j (BTOOJClJ

462

i 1.41.6. A verbal participle is repeated to give more effect.cT-IOgrtH?!) <T-JO6TOTO5 C>6>Crn<Bro>6>CrD 3JOc06)O<S(DO?

Can one forget oneself by talking?cn i sx f to C9>LO Oift>| Cca>§ a^)CT)1t9a msimm-

I am fed up hearing your stories.

11 41.7. Verbal participle is used to make compound verbs also.OJ«B« ' t o

'to copy'

UNIT 11

LESSON 42

OUOBJo fflOOOo

CONVERSATION

nq>cmo raiejcniDoaioojcomo?

o$Bn-ppo

. nnooS

6>nJS)§cna

\v"hat Mr. Nambiar?What is the news ?Did you come to seethe capital ?

Everything is joke foryou.

This is no joke. It isqui te matter of fact,jt j s q^te sometimesince you came here.Now what is it thatbrought you here allof a sudden ?

463

464

crunejo

(/aroiQQ)o<&,ocr>o ?

ggoro

a>086TT>

raraegnOo

: running rro<aoux)rr>o anexm.

O> OaJOOO/l

<3TB(BgaO6)(isr0) scrro cscnrsis

There is something veryurgent.

What is that ?

This is about my wife'stransfer.

Then what happened ?Is everything alright ?

How can it be alright ?I had to see manypeople. This morningI had to go and seeeven that departmentSecretary.

What did he say ?

«m1cjyt& T he same old excuse.(jycsQaosscn « M r . Nambiar, there

is no great use inseeing me,. t Yqusho.uld

w)ro1 g0 a n ^ See the Minister.You please see himin person and- informhim about your diffi-culties. Everthing willbe alright".

iJ° Did you go accordinglyto Minister's residencyalso ?

I couldn't go to hishouse. I went to the

" " '. r Secretariat.

r. i'^wgonexoro Aosmonb (mronojcso ? Then did you manage

: : • ••• •-••:. . toseehim ?

465

<sn>ci/l6>s

g o .<snJt!J36rEOCQ)1fn3an3.

(Bragg

150

raroiicra n_fl6)cm croa8<3crt>tai6>ro

orv>i<g,§olGOQ)oqai6>ra

«©1oo» W l g y a g y o .cucro6ng1cucmra.

raiasBooS njoqcaio? rarbgg Onr>o§cejo

traroi, (/oral, anetc&o ajo<a>ucTooa>c5LClljo

63CTTO

Is it so easy ? Therewere about hundredpeople. Time for visi-tors lasts only for anhour. Though I waitedthere for more than oneand a half hours,my turn didn't come.After that the Ministerleft for a -meeting.Then they sent awaythe visitors.

You couldn't see thethe Minister even aftergoing to the Secre-tariat. You had tocome back just likethat.

Then what else shouldI have done ? CanI halt there ? That isnot a hotel or a home.

6)(BO6)c96) nJO.

oogj

33—3 CIIL/M/80

That is O.K. Youplease reduce yourarguments. Let usnave the programmeclear. You tell mein detail regardingyour wife's Npostingproblem. I shall try.

How is that ? Do youhave some influencewith that Minister'speople ?

466

: m> <B(©1«n6Km ccuoemo? <fl>o<oi<> CTUOU/1 D o w e n e e d that M i n i s -,95,000 CT>C§S><96>(2) tLt£tof\<LO(&sa§". roranJ t e r h i m s e l f ? H o w

f (josxtnomoo (srooTcosng. ojiojroHsrasigoacssi ssonro m a n y Ministers d o w e

,, (?JO- have to get the thingsdone! You don't have

; to know about thosethings. You just tellme the details.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill„. 1 . ctnooft

3 . flQgjjo

1 . ( 8 I B O J 1 S 0 O16M0

. .; (8TDOl1S0 OJ6W0

0 (31000)009 CT)S<S«)Orti <5rUOQQ/l.

c 1. goo2.

COJSTEI ojejcrocsjio <aiO8sm6re1 OJCTW .

B. Biiild up drill

Model

COCDCSJIOCTJid8t

1 ^6mi6)CQ)0S)c96) mCDgj OOft (SaJOCffli

aajOgrtsroTIi0 .

©a iosn i iw i s " msmifflcsDosiias) cnorvoioriJ

iii<ft>crao

(SOUS)

m1 . nJOCJ.

gDS65B0Clft

CDgJ

o J O < * -

2 .

tSWfUtDo

(3TOOJS)(t)0S>c9fi>

3 ,

6><ft.o§(oro)1 g j

(BToai(&«fl«0 raracsvooo

4.

nj")§i6)ai

<snJO(Sc9j6ng1ai«Bonm.

cngj

,...

5 .

6)6njfU>° CcfljOaOl <S.s1^)1§° <BTOCQX)Oo

i f e g i ^ 6>6nJOJD°(BcajOaOi i f l sSiAj i f ° OIDOQ)OOo CT)Sc96)On5 OoJOOOli.

OaJOOOJi, • . . . N . • •

6)6njauoe<fli0(i£i1 teisn^jig0 rarooooco ens

C. Substitution drill1. ' (SO) rruoeajo

<ft.LO

2 . <&srora)i6)cn

3.

4.,

5.

(XJ6ID0 6><a.0§j3EDu

(SO)

D. Split up drill

ajom1

tsracuoo ajcrra. . j | .

cruoCToqcoi.a/lgy

<graoojpop oruo

1 . 6io)ori5 rgToaiisoCUCTro csnjoooj i f „ . (B«(sgaORno)i6Kp <a.6rs1gj

2 . taraffigoOo ffijaJOSô . e p J O S i ^ i g o OIBOJpo gOTRDOo

3. OTBCLKS <03(BIB)C3Q) j1go (SIDGQaOo

4.5.6 . o j ^ {o-jocutraô ojoos/l.a/l§0 njooo

7. caroffiB aajoci cu1§cnj1csj)1go

8. (Sanogejo&xgirai enjoccwigo ongj

9.

10.

1 1 . cftOftô n_lO6TOro)1s'o OTOCUOo

1 2 . OJisCCDJol l i^ l igo cS>'

Model 2

1. rooaflnej

2.

3.

^ 0 <ft>ft9>1 6MBgjrajcrra.

0D0§1CTO GaJOCOli.

4. Caj^j1aj)6>s

5.

tgonoo^,

6)t9>06nt<So-IOOQ)1 .

470

Model 3

OnJOD

ruoos>0DO6)€a«)

1 . (TOUXBfflQQ) O J i § 1 . a J <fl.6TOTO>

2 . oJ§i6K3B)

3 . OToaift 6)OJCJ6)(B)

4 . n-jar^<fco scT)a<9«1 raroaioo tm?) <a.txi

5.

ModeU

(BTOOJOo

1 . owaJtS ^rui6>sojanra cniecm c9jO6rra<i.

2 . <9»gg<9S)S^©ea,ot5 eon_oToru<ft<EO<%as

OjOOic9Qo.

3. aicjy t f t iOf i - i iAsi^ iTi0 6iajg1oo/l«i3

4 . cnosig cQ(ai<a3 (aroojoo oJoej OJIOQ

5 . <


Model(sacucib

raraaioii

nr>0§£/ l<! j5 CSaJOQQ)T (3TO<SgfiO(lJtO)i6)CT>

2 . raroccndSjo <fl.aj1f!5)<a)6)g^ro)1 (STBOCWOOO (ryc/on^cnooo/l .

3-4.5 . nJ»0QJ <SSS0£J1 g(BnJ<flfflT^j° (groCgfirto |DCil1fflS OJCTW.

6 . ffiflJTOTOCSDT cfliST S)O1§1 '6)6>«T)cft)Oo 0 D | .

7 . rarasiE CiiJOQ c u ^ ) u o j i g c r u i .

8. 6)OJggo ^soaaiccwi

9 . (^jgjjoojeracsjJo <9j6n|

1 0 . ffl06ID(B0C'>eJ0oMi^Jo (3I»0Q)0Oo «J)1«)1^ OICTTO.

EXERCISES

I a. Combine the following.

2.3.4 . <L«S)1 _j_(BT9><fif) _|_gD«8CTT9

5 . a ioooo

6 .

7 . (atDQJ6)CD_)_oJOOi

8.9.

1 0 . <&C!Q)OT

b. Sp'it the following.

1.2.3.4.5 . 616)fOOCTT)(OCCQJOgo

6.7.

•8.9.

10.

II Split each of the given sentences to maximum number of single sentences.

emodb

2 . oJfsioJosiCTCfiJosiasi tu1w)3iaoca«>1 mgjÔfUoeiai (aronnisicnn-jooT <O)*1«BIBOCT)1

3.

472

4 . luraicaaj o c t r o i 6iomoiBcn3««

frufflDocnnjo aiO6ira1 (aroojoi oil§1cejc98u mscna.

5 . ajgoro ODiAgnjanDi-aj0 rawcuaJ (3raca>0G>g6>e9«>06nfo (arocuei

6 . (Braaitb cug6>ro

1 . rBTOcnioafflcr) OBej^6)n_j5fljT3)ToQj1§o (STBCUOS

3. rffro.ajo.afl>a5 ojoffroroilô ratscuoft SeSjOoteeamT g j .

4 . fBroma (S^JOQ aj1gcru1co)1ô QJOCTV ggppoab

5. ^crra (ojoajtraô o936re1|o aoyojioD0 csa> gD

6. anggiiajJCTS (B%Oo<9S)os)fD ru1s1^j1|o

7.

Ill Transform the following into negatives.

2.

3. c9i§1 ruejdOOfOo «j)1cn9

4.

5.6. oilgiroS miorwu Ô6ws1 conswo enJO(j\}Onn1oro1<jej<fl« cnsctro.

9. <nT n jeJocucKoogo nJtoonni njosrotmif0

1 0 . (Bra, (ojoiBocnJo taiaoi6ror03o (BTOOKS snailcsaoro.

TV Combine the given sets of sentences to single sentences.

1. raroajoo ai1§1ra3

(3T3CUOO (3I9lS£6>Cai <ft>6TI|,

423

8 O I O S B B I .

. (BTDOJ(5 croiooliB <a>asrr>acf5 anJooo/1.

aJ6IT)o d j i t o i ^ . . '

ens gôo gsnso<O6)1.

3.

4 . oa>1oo1 g

(318Oji6)S0n1(TK)

5.

-••r . .<

(BT9Oji6)S tft.6IT|.

<ft>o1csj)o

6.

OOJOCJ cuigcn/l.

cft>6TT§.

(arOCljT6)S(OTB>S)CTT> gD(!B(TT9.

7. reraoioo

taroajoo flnactio CJSOEJI mocna.

(3T9CXJOO 6KUCJ6XTJ)

(BTOCUOo <TX)JnJ°C10o

A 1 *••'

. r : i

V Fill in the incomplete dialogue.

d). ojocn)ooa)1|

(3TB(SCT)JoMi(Bc9S)6ns1

B.A

B.A

oj)6)onnc$2)O6n8u

©cn!i«

474

B.

B.

A.B.

A :

VOCABULARY

'teacher''to appear'

6>6>ojao° 'wife"

'many people' cu^ry"'usual' cromaojocno

'use ' <fi(£©1

'to face' (mrofflojs"

cuinMiBo 'difficulty' ^ i f fc j "

oroo3( c/?)CT)oru2iO£2JD ' v i s i t i n g t i m e ' c&>ogsg)crn(&bt&&v

150 ' t u r n ' coQ)oax.

ojiroi^joajgj,11 ' to send off, to dismiss'

ra)6oi3° 'to halt' aj°£95°<S3°ag° ' to lessen, to reduce'

'to explain, to elaborate''to describe' (S2>a>1c»s>o

, ' i n f l u e n c e ' , <ruouj1<eau

•news, details'

'all of a sudden'

'very urgent thing'

'transfer'

'department'

'excuse'

'Minister'

'to get the chance'

'easy'

'to wait for""

'meeting'

'gift of the gab'

'to try'

'to get done'

• a « 5

N O T E S : - \ = ; - ; . - - - r - v ; : ' ; . - • • ; - . • • • • • . , ": • • • • " • • • ; — ' • ' " ••• • J

11.42.1. Some more Complex sentences are introduced. They are formedby adding S§u the verbal participle of fos° to the verb in thesubordinate clause.

It is quite some time since you came here.

11.42.2. The addition of ©§u to cucm" form in the above example givesmore force to the whole meaning of the subordinate clause.But it may be noted that in many cases there isn't any greatdifference between an §B|" clause and a non S>i° clause(except in the case of verb plus some auxiliary verb combina-tions).

Had ba.th in the morning and then took breakfast.

Just for the sake of an explanation one can say that sentence (b)more emphatically declares that only after the first action of •9j§'1'sa"was fully completed, the seco§d action of <9JS 'I '9SU has occurred.

11.42.3. But when the main verb is negative there is a lot of difference betweenthe £2§ clause and non £21 clause as seen in the followingpair of sentences.

ajcrro"

He didn't come and see me.

He came but didn't see me. .

In the above sentences the negative in (a) negates both the verbforms but in (b) the negative is operative only for the main verb.The (b) type sentence can be more effectively expressed with theaddition of 2° to ^1° as in

He came, still he didn't see me.

476

11.42.4- When there are two to three or more adverbial subordinate clauses,the last verbal participle usually takes g5iu also to mark a

; H M I V ! ' ; ' finishing.' ' ' ' ' \ / . • '_. ; ; * - i i e < - . . . ; • . : . t ' . - . • , . , " •. • • " . : .i t ! HJ

I went to Secretariat, saw the Minister and told him the thing andthen came here and called you.

H ,42, £.. Observe the follpwing sentences,dboesmernrt OJCITD,.

' ' •

• " v < Joiaroerei OJCTO.

Had to see many people.

Had to trouble even theSecretary.

Had to come back justlike that.

the verbal participle form of defective verb ecusm,, âdded to the verb stem followed by the verb forms of OJ(TB° toindicate meanings of compulsion, an unavoidable situation, etc.

i j r; , •.

• ' • • • • j f i ; • • • • . . • •

.!;;;;•> CM

V * v , '• »; . (. :<-.~:-

• ; . i - . i ; . - : . i •" ' • ; •

UNIT 11

LESSON 43

CONVERSATION.

on) am:Mma«B..

aroroxsgjo.

oro j°iafflofl go please don't cry toy• son. Daddy will bring

everything today.

ermoaS (BTaaiffl(sOQ)o§ OJO L a s t w e e k i tself I to ld

mummvw a s Q o u g e fe_

minding daddy alsoday before yesterday.Yesterday also hecame just like, that.

477

478

(siBocscn cracru

gocnno ffior>o<aa0

gotoi <a«)1 gy.

go <ft>T§e ? Isn't only today thatajo«5i3i<96)ooft ,daddy is going to getl T j^j^ salarv? Without

getting his pay howwj]i h e b e a bl e to buy

• things ? You just seetoday also. Daddywill certainly bringsomething.

ai1so6)(B> ajo6!JB6mo.

as>ca«)

, A S

eajsmo.

<BTOnm:

ooicsre?a.§1ejo

cugj taraol

CQJOCIEO?

? . f3TO(S)oj)o

C6TD0?

something. Heshould buy everythingwithout leaving any-thing from my list.I want books, umbrel-la, slippers, trunk andeverything.

Don't you need table,chair, cot, bed, etc.

Mummy, do you knowany of our difficulties ?Without taking thetrunk how will we goto the school ? Canwe keep those booksin our hands ?

Do you have to carryall the books daily ?

6njaao,

oji6)orn

oJ6><aa3 mcmisKiaofncaJOfflidK) s)s<s.0(jy0 j ) a i l y w e h a v e only six

cscr)0§6n4«»o eai86ire? raro(B>£j06wn per iods . But d o n ' t we

COOTS QCTW

cua,fat96m36)CD

emo|6ng<»au

r^)6)a3)os)c&6>c!!j)ffln§t'

need the text books andnotebooks for thoseperiods ? Besides, therewill be two to threehomework note books

479

(mam: carol , (/ami.

OOf(S6TT)0?

raw ma: orrt <sa>

also. In addition tothese we have to carryrough note book, mealscarrier and what not!

rmtmics) Alright. Agreed. Butrou need new slip-also now ? You

have shoes. Or didyou lose that also ?

I cannot wear shoesin this rain. It will bespoilt. Then how willI go without wearingslippers at least? No-body copes to my classwithout slippers.

Did you write all thesein that list ?

O6>cfl6) 8r>JOfOOS)(3), (<§)0aOo0C} (StvJ

(sn>.oju.affln5 nQ)6icmo6)&6> ojosin3T6><9«)06n§ oj(m

I wrote everything. Inaddition, I want craftpaper, gum, scissors andalso brown paper towrap the new books.Everything is in thatlist. I don't know whatare the things daddyis going to bring.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill '

1 . m l

2 . cr>1 raw)

3. ODT cfto

a.

crusicoo scnso

480

1,

. 3 . : aVl65i3Oo

w>6njuso

<snjo<a>os>(ff>

)(5t9a~ QfUOcfeOo .

ag)65I3S)(D (T)O§1(05

2. cni60Bt»

3 . (3TDOJS)(0

4 . <6i§T<a.oo njoosjnniraB

2.3.

2 . (STBOJOiS c&ggo aJOCSJ)06)(!5> gD(t)1<S6)1gJ.

3 . cajD«j)1(abcr)1crtau

f.• '• 1 . (3tBfLlCT)^J0S)tiJ) CBC1J6)O

{ 2 . •• (ara>

3. oraojwnSo

~ 1 . n_16TT)o gD§yo6>CIT>

2 . (BT3)anOf0o gD|=JO6)(I51 (SIDOJ6)roOS)iSS>

.3.

<BnJ0c9jCTTO.

0u"l§1(3i GflJ0CSJ)1.

oojao <rrocoro)0n±io aow

B. Build up drill

" ModelgDfDi<9«(S6mo?

650TWo

QCTTOo

(3196134 •

S)6)OJefl3(SCTTK0o

6)6>CU<93CCtDfO6

6}CTTOo

SCTIBo

481

2. ajcrra.

OJCTTO.

(BIBcfti^g <ft,0Q)O0S)(!5> (5)1 (Di jOJCTTO

(BcooQOJ6)ro Gruocs2)1^

(Si3) o_i°l§i6)a3o (BCDOQOJ6)(0

(ST0O_lri5 (5t3) OJ°1§16)O5O GCnOQOJ6)(0

ojcrro.

3 . cr

smodb


1 . c9i§1eft>(2g3. 6SCTTS CrOoCTOOro1c0S>O6)(O)

2 . CDgJ i63§1cft)Oo ODOOô n_lTs1cfl«)O5>(!J)

3 . (sn>am<Boa)o§ o_iocmo6)(n) raraajaJ ono§ OJ1

<SXIJ0S1CS6)06)(3)

Si] srso&as)

34—3 CIIL/M/81

482

4 . (ffia,G(0CS3)c f3TBo1cQ)1d9«)0S)«J) OTOdJOft (SIB) (SaOE.l1

5 . ,«>cn_lil° €ft>1§0S>«!1 Ca)O0U0D631S6)g63186)CT> OJO6OI30

OJ06BT306)fO)


Model

6nJO6TlJ (

6nJO6rlJ (nnOnJOOo

1. (BTOCoooo craaugo ciJoeoBicaii^" cuigiroi

2 . (3tocgnD(OTiJ)1s)(T) .fesnsignjoft ( tn i ro i^ ajcrra.

3 . [y^)gJ0CQ)1S^©o erUOOQli^ CSOJCDo

4. §

5 . onecru1§1§ <5OJ6rro

6 . raiocfijoo

7 . rUSTDo

8.

9.1 0 . aJCTJ tftio OJ0CQ)1^j1^°

E. Restatement drill

Model 1

(BTOCtlOo OJtD06>rai

2 . raraojob ffii6reo6)«n

3 . (StDOJOo

4 . OIDOJA

5 . CSIOOJA O_IOIJD)O

483

Model 2

1 . (ST0.£>Ju.afl)a5 n J ^ o , CSnJOOCSJJo 6)<fli06n§(lJr0O6>rtn gD(!BCTT)1 g y .

2 . <Bira.ajo.atf>nS

3 . (3I8CUf5 aJOOo

4 . (JIBOaOOft .aJOOQ) ASicOaOSWO)

5. goannomas) e/lcj\/l<a5

Model 3(BiDo1co)06)fS) gocol<f lacm1 g j .

1 . nJsmo cfti

2 . 6)^jro1r>_jo

3. cnoogejicai msseo&m

4.

5.

Model 4

1 . cejoraô oJ0CQ)0S)f!D

2 . cgTOamec

3 . rUOic9«)06)f!!1

5 . rusmo 6>ta.o§c96)0S)ra)

F. Split up drill

Model

1 . nJSo ojrogôs>fS) croaffiomo

2 . 0JSTD0 ri{j)§<0«>O6>nr>

3 . c/cKTUgo cft>1§06)«n

484

4 . ifl>§1ej1ra% <&>1ste6>o6vm cr>omoca/l goragcrro.

5.6 . " - ^ S OJ0S06K5) (9361013)16>CT) gOc96)T .

7. ciiigira^ t9jcooos)c!n curno.

8. (BiooTsBiaiaa 8njoa.os)rai g

9i COD06TTJ OjTgTc96>06)(01 cfcOtDô (TOOCJDi aaCTTD.

1 0 . (ST0OJ6X0 6J0(%ffiffi1<9SIOS)(t5)

11.12.

G. Combination drill

Model

- OOCQJOOo o{j)(SCTDO§ fVJ0CQ)06)t5) CnJOCBjl

1 . (BmonncDOii njooo o j o i ^ j i g j .

GfflOnOODOfl ôoruTrob DJCTTO.

2 . ororog oruoroi ruoewsiceacTDTgj.

crurog cruiooicsDitabooTcrro ojfi»rrro.

, 3 . cruTcorooQ

OTBCSgriOo

4 . g<D6rro

raioojooaa rweJCOjscT) ojrosonro.

5 . (ara)<srocsj)o <a.06m1gj.

" (STOCSgoDo 61nJS)§cnro G n J O A o .

EXERCISES

la. Combine the following.

2.3.4. eura5.

485

6 . crtriogo i <-Lj6rrr|

7 . uxxoogio i

8. n_l.gj i

9.10.

b. Split the following.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8 . r»_i(!jro)6TOrcn e o o g o

9.

•10.

II Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the words given in brackets.

2 . (arioso cstO) cftoroô

3 . taTOOJCtD0§u (S^ lJOSi^ j i^ @ ,

4 . (BTO(?>LDO n J 0 | aJO3tD3®°, ((acn^yiejo<a«)0)

5 . ruDfiJo fl^)S!SCff)CD

6 . (OlajOOB raJOCO)06>«31 .

7 . aCTTDo (3TO(SrUtftaa'l<e6)06)(01

8 . S)OJ§go

9 . (BToegfuOo n j i o c m CCIJ610

1 0 . gDO.g/1 mioBo ajo<s«)6mo

1 1 . a )(BCTD0So CT)1(B0mo§

1 2 . <

4S6

III Split the following sentences to pairs of sentences.

1 . ranej roocjueco) o_fl§1<96>06Wj)

2 . <snssi6)W <ft>o6mo6>nj> <Bi6i&ui"

3 . nuooo ruolc96)oe>nn oryuo ôcn / l ns l

4 . (BTDaJ nJOOD^finOSXO) e9jsronjj65T3Oo (STOfflfl

5 . aoemo (3Td)<s™ejoo±i1cesio6>(5) mejoojogitfeoo rarom^ onogTrab

6 . ffid&CTO 6)c9)0§t96)06)f!n (SISSgrLOo (Dta>Oo6)e96)gJOo 6)d9»OS!gEB-

7 . e j g i n n oro1cn1iscQ)1ra% cajrooora) mosteafotmioro <snJ(D3cr».

8 . CU^cfeOfflfO OTOOl CQ)1t96)O6)(!5)

9 . <Broid)6>0QJ goj(3aj1<e«)0ffl(!

1 0 . (mooa/lrad cuTtfoaro) <e.§Tej1ra5

IV Split the following sentences to maximum number of sentences possible.

1 . (BTO.oJu.cLO(scno (sroaama oroaocruroi<9®06)an, ruooo ruoTtsaosxm,

a{j)9>r!no6)rt5> ffinnomoru" CSSOEJT ( s r a G m j o n i ^ ms<Bacrti).

2.

3 . iBRBmD cajtfTtSaosKU), ec\juOc§>6io ca.osmoG)OT

V Combine the given pairs of sentences using the verbal participle of theunderlined verb form.

1 . (OOSSOS (3T0<B»(BC!QJO§ rUO6T0TO)1 g j .

(0O83CT& c r > 0 § ( U i |

2 . a f l o m (3T5iro3o n

3. agfooaiisrormitai

4 . ^ ^ g j

(BTOOJOft 0^)6586)0) (HWOI«)g <ft>eJ,J06TT)o

5. m l aonoo

cn i (BrocoôaJcajsxT) wronDcro(o1<9«ismo.

487

6.

7.

8.

9.

(BTDCU6)(t>

a^)60T3acr)

OJ0(BTO)1 g j .

615)005

1 0 . <mams)W

6ID)OOJ

VI Rewrite the given sentences removing both the negatives.

I1, roocjo ajtf>1(!Q)1(o5

2 . raiDOQiooo ocnoo (

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. gg

8. raoojioej

9 . 6i£Bogjcr>(S<306>(Tr>

1 0 . gB6rr>1

(Oisoisosinj)

i 0 crouHifinTnjidBaofflnn g D r o i c s s c m i g j .

VII Answer the following with reference to the conversation.

1 . raraffin mia.(smo§0

2 .

3. g

4 . ClEOOro" a CTTD

5 . g2<5n_|OOo

6 . <Bmocf5

goroTaaonJ OJOCSJJCTW?

"naaa m&stribo

a£)6)cra>06>ces> ca i6mo?

6)ifeO6n|<BnJ0O6rO0?

488

VOCABULARY

aocftmaifyW

ej1crouoo°

c9,§1<03

iss,°

raJeJOJeft.

OaJOCXlrUO®,

'to remind' t"CT1J§°

'list' <e,s

'slippers' S ) o j§'1

'table' Accroro

'cot' ^JgJ

'trunk' OJOQ)0<B5)°

'to carry, to take' "-Jiraioojon

'textbook' emo|srgd3<

'o'ther than' ^^DÂOOO

'rough note' ' <fesos>(3>

'meals carrier' ^ s °

'craft paper' nJ(/0

'scissors'

'salary'

'umbrella'

'trunk, box'

'chair'

'any'

'to keep'

'period'5)11 'note book'

'home work'

'other than'

'in addition to, besides'

'to put, to wear'

'gum'

NOTES

11.43.1. Negative verbal participles are introduced. These are formed byadding -<5ra«w to the verb stem.

' ( a ) traonjgo ,c9)1§os»(in crooojoosoraco OJORJBOCTS 63<9s<smo?

Can one buy things without getting salary ?

Should buy everything from my list without leavinganything.

No one comes without slippers.

Please don't cry, my son.

11.43.2. As seen in example (d) given above, negative imperatives, etc.,can be obtained by using the negative verbal participle followedby the respective form of ' to be'verb

489

Observe more examples given below.

Don't go to school without wearing slippers.

Please don't trouble me.

Let mother not know this thing.

11.43.3 In the case of defective verbs like ^SJ- S£J. (scusre, un'etc., the suffix _(sios)«n functions like an adverbial marker.

Other than you who is there ?

There is no name without money.

Is she crying dissatisfied with this ?

Off-

• •

UNIT 11

LESSON 44

<3ftCT)iGQ>CT3o

CONVERSATION

iegDu?6T3)on& g n B g

<aw)KB6>s

6>s.

What is this Unni ?You have put the ricehere and there. Pleasebring it here. I shallmake rice balls foryou.No, I shall eat it my-self. I know makingrice balls.Then, whose work isthis?Shobha chechi's.

.490

491

so,

aJoa>1s)c9«)o§aa)tD)og.

(SISgD CDCTOOCO/l ! oJgEGD aj0Q)flfy<&>0ro1ceSO CaJOQ

<es° !

aoi

cu"l§i6iej cnooo/lcgj

reroam: cc/ooee, ^§orrosr^°. cni

<ft>csD

ool?

6smoti& Qj

ajonra <9.oa>o1. 6nnoa5 cufoornnaojitoi aoicomosni0

ennogitoi

Where is she ?There she is on theverandah. She is walk-ing about holding theplate. You may feedchechi.That is fine. I shouldfeed the ten year oldgirl. The five yearold will eat byhimself. What anaughty girl she is!Shobha, Shobha !Yes, mummy ?What are you doingthere ? Please comehere.

Isn't there a dog inthe next house ? Che-chi put all the rice intoits mouth.Shobha! You are reallybecoming arrogant.Why did you let thatdog in ?I didn't bring him in-side. He came on hisown. From the veran-dah I went to callSushama of the nextdoor. .Hearing myvoice he came barking,pounced upon myshoulder and put hishead into my plate.Then how will I eatthat rice ?

492

n_ns1c.ajO6niu rrvnamsiooj

ml

Why did you go to callSushama holding thatplate? What is theurgency ? Even inthe dining hall youhave scattered the riceall over the place. Whatkind of a girl are you!

The mess in the diningsierra o hall is by your darling

kitten. 1 didn't doanything.

What did the kittendo ?

coooe: (room 6ro>6!si3Ooc9s o j g

n(i)§(s(ari5)O6n|u 63ffiroooo

njoooo6>(S6) (aro(sn_jo

cr>a«ioa5 ^ semodi

. O J O S I .

Didn't you give usfood and go ? Thattime it carne and startedlicking my foot. Ifelt somewhat uneasy.I took the plate andjumped. Some ricegot scattered on thefloor then.

<BiBg)6>ce.og§oo. 6Ds>ra)6>amoc!B tft>gToo)o? mioocsa That 's fine. Wha t kindnjgg) OJ«2)ÔQQ>1<B£J cBiEOGg? aro§<aao .o-flgcQ) of a play is this ?6>aios)css) cnT ^ m i n^rrro ruoTaso. eono<a«)1 Aren't you ten yearse<s«)0ge . ^ m i aroiasiejc. (sro6nr3s>cr) cftosmi c0s> old, my girl ? When

will you learn to bea little systematic ?Be careful. You shouldnot behave like thishereafter.

ermooa cs30£ji Q6><s6) mcTOocofl Mummy, hereafter Ishall do all the workmyself neatly.

. 6>.oj<5<5j>ogoo

493

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a. 1 . 6TO10O5 (UXDToCCy CaJ0Q6nf6)<ft>0g§0o.

2 . 6ro>6t5T3Oo rooa/leejRnfflam raraojiffls aKno6><a,oggoo.

b . 1 . tsraojab nncniffloo) GoJOCQ)i6)<e«>o<Bgo.

2 . roocu roiffiom

c.2.

( J . 1 . CD°1 GCD0e9«)1(Sc96l0.

2. on°l

3 . cn*l

. 1 . O )£LJOCIJ(D3O

2.

f. 1 . (aronjob CijjOQo o_i1s1^Lj6>ca)05ng onsteacna.

• 2 . roomoS Goajuicoao GAÂOST^ ojooo

3. cruTan 6iosi6)<9S)O6n

4 . oraojoo nJosi6ic96)O6n§

B. Pronunciation Practice

oj<Borr>o<36>§

CDSGCTD06n|l1'

raJ0Si<Bc86>06n§u

(S(D0e96)1<ia«)06n|u

0 oosi

494

C. Build up drill

Model6VaJcQ)6)cftiOSSOo

mlCfflOCOD CD°1

2.

3 . ajr3«JTtnaioor)o

6>.oJCQ)6>(9>Og<30'>

oJEJaOOCDo

rUEJaOOfDo

4 . OJfS3CTTi).

CtftiOroT 6)(fl«)O6t1|

mo jggo Ctft>orai6ic96)osn|

s in jggo

6iojggo <5

AismooiraicmiaTD Qojggon§ cunscrro.

'cufocns.

D. Substitution drill1 . cno<T>OQQ)6mri5 <a>u3 cnsascnro.

495

2 . (sroojoo njosH6)<96)O6n|"

3.

o i l nj oral j 6)<ft>06n|

4 . (BTOOJA A o j i n n o{j)fr!y>i6)<9fi>06n§

5 . (BtBOQJOOo OR) dfcOrOô oJOST3T0J6)<9306n|

OJCTTO

aosiODSCTTO

(SaJOCQli

E. Split up drill

Model(STDam ruo§njos1s)iss)06n|0 cajSTaiOTieKD go<eacno.

OlOSffi- nJOg r)_10§CnO.

OTromB <s36raro)T6)cn go<saona.

" 1 . raroniB ffl(Si6)cr)aJOo1 6JO(S^gs)<ejOsn§ cssoe j i 6 )oJ^m! ) .

3.4 . ssiOtiDmciS cruitorooo" ojej1ajs)<ft>osn|0 cT)s<SQcnR).

5 . (&®) ^ j

6 . (31303)003 (Srom^Sra <ft>g1CQ,'0c9S)i6)c96)0Sin| SiOJCirO63BOo

7 . crorogs

8 .

9.1 0 . c9)§1 agnnian g§n_|1|S)<ft.osn| O_I1OCTDOCO

496

F. Combination drill

Model( a j (BTBCUOO nQ)<ggscm.

( b ) (BTOOJOO cnsceacrra.

( a + b ) tstBoioo afl)ynni6)ce«)06r^ cnsceacrra.

<S36TOTO>U

2. oracnicffiaa s o s i .

OTDcnicooft Eiij§ci8o§g© ojcrra.

3. raraojco C&CTÎWI cajosmitescno.

catoajoo onsaacno.

4 . OJ§1 cfcro^j.

oJgi ajcna.

5 . (SIDOJOo (-LJ6TDO S><fl>Ogggg>.

OTOOJCo n_IO6T3T35.

6 . aj§1c9)Oo ojrSraroifflocDo

c9s§1cftiOo

G. Transformation drill

Model 1

so(Scs«jTS)Osn§

. 1 . roci-fi cfcggo ojoe6roro)06n| ojro3cmro.

2 . rsroojco oru j ru ucno cft>(S6n§osn| cnscra.

3 . roog) 6njcru° <ft>ocs(oro)O6r m l ma.

4 . ;fe§c9jOfi>6)Oi3o o-jofjÂdJrmTcA <Bcnoc96ii6ic9«)06n| oJOOo

5 . (BTOOJCtJ oJ§i6IT)1 <e>1SGOD06n§ 8iOJCTO65BOo eft>«>1.cy

6 . ejnj)1eft> rajos1s>fle>o6TTf

Model 2J 1 CDSCTTO.

cnscrra.

497

1. rooiu

2.

O-IObTOIOJ.

3.

4.

5 . (Btowozo < ^ © cfcoroôjo .aJ'lro'l-2j6)efl>06n§

Restatement drill

Model 1

CfflOCSOD, CT>°\

CT)1

( , ml n )6)abo

1 . OD°1 g)Of\6)S OJO.

2 . CD°I (BT9) cftOfDjo n J O .

3 . 001 (81B) nJOOo

4. oni

•5. (D*l

Model 2 '

(CT)i6013Oo CT)i6OT3gS)S

1 . (T)i6ffl3Oo

2.

3 .

4 . g

5. roiewaoo gofu1s6)(oriji

6.

Model 3OJ(06>§. .

OJ(rroS1<ft>Ogg6>§

" 1 . ag)gJOOJ(036 CtU0cft)61g.

2. ggca) <rucnnosfo1iLO(TO6>s

3 .

4 .

5 . <3TOCU6XD6)CTn

35-3 CIIL/M/80

498

EXERCISES

la. Write the contracted forms.

1 . nJOST3T!!}6)<a>0§§6>§ '

2.3.4 . CT)SCTTil6)ca.06ITSO

5 . <8cooo-flaj)(5saj)o,

6.7. art§1flj& micro"

9 .

1 0 .

b. Write the expanded forms.

1. roaiicso, aicycsaboo

2 .

3.4 . OJrt>0CK»0Q)lcTW°

5.6.7.8.9.

- 10.

II Fill up the blanks using the correct forms of the words given in brackets.

2 . <BU} AQCaâ (3B)(Sej0jaj1^6)(9)0Sr^ CDidCTDOSOns OJO6T0TO17 (CT)S<eau)

3 . oiLejtu1<fl>0(Dis)CQj 6)o96)O6rân6)anD (STOCQJOOO ajAionniBOooo ojoaj)crro.o

4 . nJoiaS 6><fl»06nsu CBTDOIOO siaiiceacm). (ai1aiu<as»°)

5. rmjgjoojarooô cssoi® ftAoer^0 oraaioo ggosogon?).

6. fsi?) croosojo 6>tt»06n§° IBTBCOJOOO O«B

7. c9i§Taj6)g nj>y«9s raiocgano «1cu1<9aorro.

499

III Negate the underlined verb forms in the following sentences.

1 . (BWOJOCT) oj1t/8Jcro1.a;j6><fe06nto

2 .

3 .

5 . (BWCXDOOo OBnMie»n_j |n<6jO6n§ ftJOSTOTOJ.

6.

7.

8.

9 . O-J0ôJ0s1«c9>06n§ CLJO.

10.

1 1 . auouxnOTBgo ojoKJBis)c9s)Offln§

1 2 . aJSIDo

IV Rewrite the sentences adding the appropriate forms of 6><a.ooo with therespective verbs.

1 . 00(0*1, cnT oojorjgfporia cuo.

2 . m l aj(%(mo)fl!OCT)o

3 . (BiaOJfflfDgJOo <3TO6)<T5>§<9S)6>§.

4. cr)06)g

5 . (HB) oJOOo 6It5)OflS

6 . nJ»0B) nJOOSJBOo S16)<06) CT)i60BOo

7 . OOIOTBOO foi6)cm ffujTjii

8 . OLl1siO(%LDic9)Oo(t!>6)aD

9 . <ft§o, m l

1 0 . raroajaBo CT

1 1 . (TOflHl <S.a-l.a/l<9So

1 2 . simooft <mooT6>oQ)<aro>6KTr>

V Combine the given set of sentences into single sentences using 6»<&osnB° form.

1 . (BTOCOOOO 6>coog|cr)ceecnD.

500

2 . c9!§1ca>6*g6>cfi)?6><e6> (Bwrutoo o c t i o a e c r o * ' J t : v h:nx

3 . ro°l

CD"1

4 .

OTsnj(& cr)s<daonro.

5 . c s 3 o c r o n n u n^)s>c

c s o c r o f i D 0 fig)CT)1<0Q m o e g i r g n j roxna.

6 . csosrft cfsooroifflCD ays<m

7.raraooJooo aj«i3orro.

8 . OTOCUOO (Hra> cdsoT

OTDOJOO (siS) cftoi ro6n|o (trdcraorro

9 . (STOOQJOOo

taracoooo

1 0 . cnT Ciijocj S)c9>§6mo

oo,*l

1 1 .

12 . oroira) coocu)Tejo

VI Fill up the incomplete dialogues.

A.B. • •A . <5rogD6)eft.0§§0o •

B. nôraieioocoo 7 6tmortb goa/las sonrao

A . . , . . - . . . . . •

B . <3TO(!S)0G6IT)0 6)(ZJ)OO° ? 6TO)0frS (BtOgJ ^nnT6)0flf) 6JS)c96>

501

A . - , , ; v . , . ; < • , . . . • . . . . . . . . • . — • • • •

• . B . (MOiOTSJ}, r^JCSCmOS r>JO.SKfK!},, njgfr&m

A . . . : . „ • * , - . . .

B. ora^cfcofosmo, <siaaic$ fnonr>s>ej afQstriio ailgim^gga, ajanr>1§o

<a>05roos)(5) CSO40.C!QJ1 . . •

A. . . : . . . . . . , . , . . . . . ,B . OTUaSo ggJ06)«J) gDg-j. mi6OT30o (06n|(SaJ«B

n^)ClDic9S)1oô. (T)i65T3Oo (06T1|(BoJ(S(D0!J)o

A . . . . . . . : . • • • • . • • , , • . • • .

B . m>6>(mm)0 ? taraig) (/o^toxsoojo ?

VOCABULARY'to gather, to collect' •'(rice) ball' g«Bio 'to roll''by oneself CÔQ" 'pla.te' . :.'naughtiness' (^)§<9QU 'to dp'

O) 'that side' <Bmnnm>oa>o 'arrogance''to pull, drag' w>6ftj°ai 'vbiee, noise' ' _'to bark' . ctsiioa 'shoulder*'to jump' <w§° 'plate''urgency' OLjcmom 'darling*'kitten' ^ a J 'cat%

'to lick' OJOOP 'cooked rice grains''arrangement' Aii§ 'rule, system'

NOTES

11.44.1. Reflexive and simultaneous constructions are introduced.6n5)oob (OTCDICTCS

I shall eat it mycelf.

Let him do that work himself.cc/aoe cijjoQo ojTs1^js)c9j06r§

Shobha walks holding that plate.o j g T <Si(t>^6)c9iO6T^ ojorra.

The dog came barking.

502

11.44.2 Reflexive constructions are formed by adding the different forms ofverb stem OAOOO to the verbal participle of the concerned verb.

COIOTBOO ajosroraj6>cB.ogg^ . Y o u say t o yourself ,csrooirii n(D<s>c!ni6><96>o§g<3§. L e t h i m w r i t e himself .6TB>OCT& «j!rn>s><a>oggoo. I shall come myself.

11.44.3. But it may be noted that the imperative constructions with theforms generally indicate extra politeness. Thus the imperativesentence cniaraoo nQ)f& 'you please write' can be more politelyexpressed as miroBOo aQfnnioaaog 'you may write' the latterhaving the sense of giving permission with «xtra kindness.

11.44-4. Simultaneous constructions are formed by adding s)<a>06n§° (verbalparticiple of 6><9>o©o) to the verbal participle of the concerned verb.In such a sentence both the actions are taking place at the sametime.

He talks smilingly.6ro)0riJ ojn>oormca/l<o&

Standing on the verandah I called her.

11.44.5. When ai&oco or 6>«9>o6ntu form is added to the verbal participleof the concerned verb the resultant compound is generally prono-unced in a contracted fashion.

nJOSTOTIJl 6><S>Ogg6>§ > O-lOG6!0I!J>0§6>§.

11.44.6. The reflexive verb used with second person singular gets contractedmuch as shown below.

ml a®¥(0)i6><eoogg° > ml

UNIT 11

LESSON 45

CONVERSATION

6ITOOOS

. gocniajio am

omoacn, ocusnai, coT (BIBOJTCTS « )2® 6)nJm)6)ifl>o Venu, what are you

6rs1(o1<sacfro? <a.§i8ajo6re1ro1<ea<soDo? aomi doing there ? Are you

OJO- playing ? Come here-

I am not playing,mummy. I am writing

homework. StillI have' ten to twelvemore sums to do. Whatdo you need, mummy?Should I bring some-thing from the shop?

oiroosmo?

503

504

ecu ana:

crusrs. mlfD<S6OT3O§0Q)gg°.

(3TDSCD

cdsorra.

eon ju l CSOQJO

goorra cng j sro3

rare am: 6)<ft>0gg0o e«ft>OggOo . eCOOJOCCD

nj(5Tgirajnn1(DfiTg>inroj1.

fflQQ)0(TT8o (araoioQIOOa n J O S i g J .

65(03

wioracs, cru®.ss«5T3»06)s

" cr>1or>c96)*l

. OOJRO (m$>6>fi>gÔoTeQJCBgJ. OOOBjfflS

gD1>

• • For the time being Idon't need anything.You may write. Butyou send Rani here.

(BOGonoo? That's fine. Did youforget so soon? Aftergetting your permis-sion, didn't she goto Kusuma's house ?Both of them arehappily listening tothe radio. It seemsthere is a good play.Drama, song, etc., aregood. Are there girlslike this also ? MyGod! She is already

. ruo6Taroj 15 years old. Yet shea )65BS)m doesn't know any

household work. Al-ways she wants tobe talking and jokingto friends. How amI to bring her to theright path, my God!What is this, Sarada?It looks as though withgreat sorrow youare complaining toGod about somebody.About whom do youhave' this worry ?it is not regardingsomebody else. Allthese complaints areabout our darling dau-ghter herself.

505

m l

CT)°I gQ6313S)CO, (3TOQJ6)|3

ml raroojeig ens

(BTOCDE:I gDgwnsKTD

, * > • ?-

<B«B You don't have to' feelsorry for Rani. - Lettwo,, three more years

6Donr>6>ai pass. She will beO. K. You shouldn'tbe blaming her likethis. Even last nightyou were scolding herfor more than twohours. That time itselfI felt like telling thisto you.

c9><pg_j(oi!S)1or»o' tft>oro6mo. <mgj T h i s is t he c a u s e fo r

6><a>06Eij'l.ELj6>eft>oanBiro'l<9Qo. eve ry th ing . Y o u wil l

r gswss)«T> RnooBjltoS ^ s i s cf>s a l w a y s b e ' p e t t i n g h e r .

Then how can shewalk on the floor (benormal) ?

f8T86oi36icn ajro6>§

carol coxsgj?

(momaa

<B,OOS>®OS)<BG)

m l

That is it. That meansfault is mine. Isn't i t ?

(CISKTO Agreed. Are you

happy ? You may

win.

<3TO(BB: tig)m1e98 crucortnooiinjiiiigj, acmnjo <saj6ns. I d o n ' t h a v e a n y j o y .

gr>ci/ls6>OTro> esoejT6)coos)a«) nnTro<9«)06wr) I d o n ' t n e e d a n y v ic -

n^)m1<fl«)u soojitsoocwo oruffiormoouTcflfflonBo t o r y . D o I h a v e a n y

oro(DCQ)o g<s6rso? roocuiaej ajontib foo(2)1cu6)fo ' t i m e t o w i n o r re jo ice

cfljyroiwoQJOnjoaej oj6mi6)c»§pgfflajosns1to1 w i t h o u t finishing t h e

<69srt)o. worlfl here ? From, morning till evening

have to be work-

506

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a . 1 . GOJCTTO o j g g <a>g1^j6><fiiO6rs1m1c0S(n9.

2 . GOj&rro rug© <ft>g1^j6)ca>06ne1(7Bnnro.

' 3 . ocuarn) rug©

4. (sojsno njgg>

5. ooj6nB ajgai <a>g1.aj

6. ooisrro njg

7. ccuarro ajg j

8 . COJOTTO nJg® <fljg1^6)<9jO6rs1(iB<!CrnO?

9.1 0 . oajsrro

1 1 . coj6ri!)

1 2 . 00J6TTO

1- raroajco croffl.s8(oro)06)S ojraonni

2 . (groom eanuâctjrmosts OJ>PI9S

3 . O r u a j i cru<scro)Onii(8(mB)oe)S (HisroicaiflCD

4.5 . (BiacU,JOoJefl>ri5 CcB>OnJ(SRJTO)O6)S (BTDOJ6>00 C0DO<9e)1.

6 . CT)O0Q)<a>nS (TO°(SCT)nO(S(OT!n06)S CT)O0Q)1<ft,Ca2)O§

C. 1 . tareajoo nQ)68B6)cn (tnooaflfoS ^ Q S CT)S<&SO.

2. tsr^ coocuflraighas cuoroogo 6njq i<a>oa ao§crra.

3 .

4 . Kcroej1<a3gh6>s raroajoa naigicoiicaiiss ocr)o<es)1

B. Build up drill

Model

c»>6n§6)<e>06rBi roi cescno.

<ft,6r^ff)<ft.06rs1ro1c9a<Tra.

507

1 . OaJOS'l.giJ6>cft>06ns'l(!BCnD.

CAJOa1^jS)da>O6ns1(!B(TT9.

m&db (ST9mDacaio§u

2.

ffldB a n J O l o o ) jajTroT(SOQ)06)S gOrOlfOo aJO6njT036>ifl>06TBn(TBCTW.

(BIDCUOo

ane1«Bcno.

3 .

ojgarocnooo

gocnicsjjo aignromooo (stBogaflRJiroiexnn-iool aa(b<pra\6)A>oer&r\roi


O i l jaJOfoi j6)<a>06TBl (Oi dSaCTIO.

2 . (Sioaii^ oruicnicD <ft.en§6><&osneiRBarro.

1 '••• .IW.'t-f-

508

3 . (BTOIBB &aJ0Q° §6n|Qcfti0sn§1nB0rTi).

ai1g0nj1ff)<96)06rBirDBCTO. • • • ; . : ; r C '

4 ,

5 . oraraa <e3§1<fli6)g

6 . i(J3)16anfi BBnUêmmo&s groimroo

Ccfe0nJ(l(ijro)06)S


Model 1

J 0 | njo§orro.

§ Cns<S8CTTO.

2 . (3t9CS2)OOo OJ(!B0nro.

3. roomoS

4 .

5.

Model2

1.2.3 . (BTOfflU <9i6raT!J)16)00

4 . CB.aa.aj1 oJn_|So

5.

Model 3csnojcb

2.3 . smodb nQSta&o cSigiteaoejOOTO) ^gtajO^KD ffl3(6ffiffl1e98o,

4.5.

Model 4ro)1mD6>ta.06rBiro1<9ao.

2 . rsraojob n^gjoaicsroajJo <snjs1,aj. . . . • • •

3 . t f t g iAOo (BTOOJCJUiSXiainJOOl (ST9>ffiejO.aJi.aJ6>dfcO6rBnroT<fl«)'l(=J.

4 . moo) <S(DOOJ(D5

5.

Model 5s1.gj(8 ^ o o r v CSQJCOO

1.2 . c n i o o D r i j o o l (STSOJOO njfooroi l ojo6Taro36)<ft>06ng1ro1c9ama.

3 . fflrarmooaii 6>6>ruej1sxsy ^jimsi oJO6TOT8j6)(a,06n@'lrs}crro.

4.5.

510

E. Response drill

Model 1

cni

2 . CT)1

3. CT/I

4. ' (BTOCTTO"

Model 2(3T0OIO3

. CT)i6OT3Oo

2.

3.

4. art

5.

6>.oJi

o C8n_10CSJ)i6)c9«)O6rEi«B0ni)?

. cruo(jDO(O6m ojosi6)<eoo

CTUfflCQJo

. oruotuo«)6m

. cruocuoros

n-i(5)T 5>onoonra (BTOBgtiflo f3TOOJOgO§

cruoa>0(06m mcgaoo

or>1e>ri5o

EXERQSES

I Write the expanded forms.

2 . raiocaAeJ9 eso, oso.

511

3.

4 . (sromnocojo, G<DO<SCT>O.

5 . aJ6TT)i6»CSJ)§<8rtn!J>O6rBi«

6 . 6><9>Og@1<S.g!|O6rB'lrt8CTTO

7 . ranejeocno,

8 . e j<inaj)cso ,

9.

10.

II Rewrite the following sentences using continuous tense form of the

verbs using 6><e>o6ne1co'l<9«u forms.

1 . croirtn oja^j<a>o

2 .

3.

4. roonejojai a^)|iB6m1 ^nnrai njg©ai6m1nj6>(o

5.

6. (BO) oroaiccygrootijoejo (BTBOJOO crojnJumo

7.. (Dallas ccntmocij0

8 . cronD(njaj(i(oro)<a>A

9 . esosmotsnejpoMRjtinioro c9i§1<a>o>

1 0 . eaajcBiOcmrao rusxt* <s>§1 131901116)03)

in Transform the given sentences to their corresponding negatives.

1 . IDOCJD n^GnJOipo (SOOJUl <SCS2)0 C<9>|S)<a>06nBifi)1<S«Cn!).

2 . <9i6TOTO>n6Xn CrDO<S6)T 6TU)OClBo

3 . <3I»60Bm6>(BTB> AID

4 . 6itnooft cn1corr)O§

5. ampojioB0 (aroaj6)go(03

6. c&tfHfflrara) rai^ aj«J)«ji

7 . o j ig iocf io ttjoinjiiOiaifflft) ma> cuejioa) <ft>0QSic9j0sn|ajfiBo.

8. «S06TT)1

9. ctvuo

1 0 . (BraognOo (8%£^n_i(gj)1caflaejc9s ooSonra.

11.

12.

512

IV Transform the given sentences to their corresponding interrogatives bythe addition of -ao or -«® appropriately.

(3T$ajc&«sro>l.ajs>t8)06ri3'l(o1o9sonra.

ASQQ/1<O5

(BI3)

2. (BT9) A,&iÔSmo COJCOo CDS.08O.

3. raw)

4 .

5 . oruomocDo ajO6OBoab

6.7 . fDCTTDo ffl* 6)n_l

8.9 . fsranngjofflfij) eajfflo onrroo Gajsreoocy1ro3crTD.

10.

V Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given for each sen-tence. .

1 . <sroaiB6>ca>

2 . (BT5)

3.4.5.6 . —r 6T3)0o8 o f l ) ^ n j i o rmooo orusffiOfDo S>&O$<BSO. (OOCJU)'

7. raraaj(D36)s era cftooajo

8 . j yooT cni ng)CTO)1orB°

9 . 6T0)6B13<36)S

10.11 .12.1 3 . (SO,

14.

ml

6T3)0Cia

(Of)OSu)

gai)OrOO(JDO)6i5I3|o OJ06!5T3i61ce«>06r7S'lc330nro. ( A S )

VI Fill in the blanks suitably.

2 .

3 . croicniaionnorDOTraoo

4 . CDi6iSB§S)S (Ecftgo COCU/l(S0Q)3 Cifljg ?

513

5 . (SO) <1J§16)CDJ

6 . <gioaj6j6)s

7 . (3roai6ici5o

8. (SIOCQJOCO

9. gocrtD miooaa" rai^rtB C^JOQ

1 0 . (313) a j ro i iCQ) C9JOQ)QO .

11 . —rtnej12.

VOCABULARY

m l gDC6BB3§° SOSi OJCttDO?

rarasm

ooTcDcoa"

6><a>O6ns1r!>1c9seaio?

COOJUICQQJO

ecoojooi

6>cftiO6T2Uic95)U

'homework' .

'sums, mathematics, calculation, account'

'for the time being'

'radio'

'God ' 6)S)3OJO 'God '

'sorrow, sadness'

'sorrow' :

'to be sad'

'to blame'

'to spoil with excess of affection'

'donkey*

'to work'

NOTES

11.45.1. Continuous tenses are introduced. These indicate an action thatis in progress in whichever tense it may be.

What are you doing ?

Last night also you were scolding her. ,

Daddy will always be petting the daughter.36— 3CIIL/M/80

514

11.45.2. Continuous tense is formed by adding the different forms of verb^raiceo" 'to be' to the verbal participle of the concerned verb followedb y G>«9>o6ngu.

0 - j -

-|_0 -f-

11.45.3. The suffix—®06>s is added to inanimate nouns to indicate associa-tion.

She is talking sorrowfully,(aroajoo .ojiroisoojoffls O

She asked smilingly. '

11.45.4. By adding -gorai ^s>s to a noun, the path of the action indicatedby the verb is expressed as seen in the examples.'

She doesn't walk on the floor. ,

Went along the road.

Looked through the window. ^

11.45-5 Note the following usages,a m ojwieaa S)<flj06n|ajfa30.

'to bring to the right path' (guide properly)

'to walk on the floor' (to behave normally as everybody else)

s./K/t'n iliv/

• < • ' • < • • • • • ' • ' > • • . : • . . • : • • _ •

.-K'••• . ' [;ij.t • •:• . ; ' ! \ r

(•

UNIT 11

LESSON 46

CONVERSATION

(siô ajo6ton5j^cs? esfsoanryi

(3ra)6)roO6)<s«) gsneooQ/i (m<m> ?

rUO,

"ft" *

61CO (BT9)fOST^|? fST5j

fflonn.jojo (aToôeifoi

nJTcejoorru, ml

At least now shouldn'tyou tell me the truth ?Who beat Johnny ? Inaddition to Sukumaranand Mathew who wereall there in that gang?Paulose, you tell.

rig)cr>1«ee>rrt6TOTBjgbso oruotS. smocib

Gcnonj1<e«)o1ocyaiBooB)1(Di

<9«o.

I don't know, Sir.Yesterday I didn't afall come to school.Gopi may be knowing,Sir. Daily Gopi andJohnny go together.

515

316

CnJOOQfl.

raraiDly>nJ<9>n5: §D<D (BTOSTOJISI

roo o i l sos tm

, cn°l gDOTMsejo §DCIJRBS)S ^6>s Gopi , yesterday r.lso

did you go with them ?

Yes. I went with them.

ggsajsl? oroaai How did this clash1 ^ .-uoQ6njT3)ag°. CTU begin ? Without leav-s)nnrujo(E09^^ macuA ing any minute detailg>6>£ja>1ra5 micDcea you tell everything cle-

ce.1§1eo2)as)0o. ar!y. You should tellthe truth. Then theHeadmaster may par-

\ . . • don them. Otherwiseeven you may be puni-shed.

ccnon-fl: cruDtb emocSt ^

- «-••• ra% <TUonej«ii*fl(Db

ejoco)1«BCTTD.

COJOCQJI .

njionoi

m l rrooisaio cft>sngag-)o.

omoo or

<9SI6 )§ . •'••''

fDCTT)6>eJ

(33onro.

nJ6)<ftai (BTDOJI?) ODOegCnJ(33o

nJCWICOo C l l a ^ CDSCTTO.

cnscrro

Sir, I went with them.But I did not join thatgroup. I was a littlebehind.

Sii'.l you have witnessedthe incident. Aren'tyou the first witness ?You please. tell [every-thing in detail. Letme hear.

as Yesterday after the foolball match Sukumarar,Mathew, Johnny, Kri-shna Kumar and my-self got out together.I had terrible leg pain.So 1 walked slow. Butall four of them walkedbefore me trying toexcel one another.

Then ?

517

(EEjosrpT6)s

cfjJ6n§pco1r!Bonra.

< S J S

ana orajegomoooica.0

trogD gaocno c&osmi s&odb

c&§Oe0«fia2>1g-). mo

OQJ1(03CCTT>O?

raroajsion

am

g o . <3renjonira)Q2ju<9«)0(5aDO? coral .

GS3O6TT)°l6>S 6 K Y ) 0 0 i t D n J O g i .

A j C U C n O . (3TTOfg)cftt6ng

(HTOOJlS

sail

6)ri6o 6t3165I3Oo (BTO

000(0 OTeOCTVIrtB

Johnny had an auto-matic umbrella. Theytold him to open it andshow. He didn't listen.Then Mathew leapedon Johnny to snatchthat umbrella. KrishnaKumar knocked Joh-nny on his leg, Johnnyfell with his chest tothe ground.

Shoudln't you haverushed and helped him?

I did rush, Sir. ThenSukumaran took astone and threw at me.

Is it so? He has rea-ched that extent. Yes.Continue.

Johnny's forehead gothurt and a little bloodoozed out. Seeingthat, those three gotfrightened and theyran away.

Then ?

A pan shop owner andI took Johnny.We bandaged hiswound. He gave himsome lime juice todrink. After some timeI took him to hishouse,

518

oaroi, SCOOOJI . orfl &aa winofixsio cruu«>'s§1 Gopi , you behaved as6>r>_iflBfBooT. njgs>ro cogjggu. 6>oo a true scout. Very

o r^)gjoet3o cn)g\sso. art good. Headmaster willGrusid96)sng. <^)^j0o am call everybody now.

o_to86row)jsju. He may call you also.

Don't be afraid. Tellhim everything clearly.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

3 . 1 . ODISJBOO <a.ggo

2 .

3 .

4 . 6xucj6)(tn oromoGJo

5.

b . 1. ooT arurmô njoc6raro)Q0)oe9«0.

2. ool

C. 1 - (3TB) te>ej,i061T)o (DSCam0Qlo<Sao J 0DSC(TOC2)uc9S)0o.

3 . raw) oruoisaio figjgjoajRBo oraoioeroKngô J m>ci\Gs<v<G><xi)u<BG>OO.

d. Pronunciation Practice

> aiijua o

oorooqojicwo > ecu6nao!)o,

B. Build up drill

Model

CoJO3i<0«>O6>(OT

c.ojo3'l<0«o6>(B>

1.

ratscgnotonnitoon

g ® cue/loo)

2-

3.

4.

6J«B

AOtyiCSJJo gfe61S 00*1

65(53

520

C. Restatement

Model 1drill

(T>1 nJOOQJOOj nJOSigJ. >

1 . <6>§1cft>Oo

2. g>o/l6is3 . (3TDOJCO r

4 . gD1> (3ISCT

5 . mT nQ)Qi

Model 2

ôôoa ôsigy.0^)^(0)00? nJOSi J .

1 )(SCTT)O§ ^SWSfflCT) (B^J03ic9«)0Oi

OlS0PJ8ai!)U CT)T65SOo (BIBOJ6)g ^ (

T-JOô f3tD0JS)CT)rU00i 6SO(4HJTO)Tra

? >•

2 . ctv6uc<9«5<e3O(5 e

3 . gDI) (jT_|0OJC«)iClJ o (BTOOJ5W0 <T)1(SSnjCnjUic96)0Oj

4 . runsiTmocsiifDo (igjru m(5c9Q nLj1ro1<e«)0n3

5 . (arajfiBo eroiO(aJ<9«)onS

Model 3

OJCTTO^S.

<a>gSo

2 . oQ)GrUOyo taiaj

3 . fBT8Qgar5(3r!J)16)00

4 . (BT96DB61CD

5.

Mode! 4

(T>"1 OJO. >•

2 . raw)

3 . CT)T

4 . 609 rue jaoofonjo

5.m l nnicno".

521

Model 5oJgD6><0» n J O Q g ) . : I ;.

1 . CDISOBOO taraj cnDOgejifl^ <OT60B8

2.3 . fD6TT|

4. ^sicmaiejo C8raaj6>co CSJO^J tsrucoo ruif.

5 . (SIDOJ6OT6)0Q>gJOo o j i s i ^ . , .

Model 6• •

0T0[IlC!2)(i5T3)TO9o

1 . CBTO.aJo.aS>Cl8

2 . (BTOOJOfl B(03 ODgJ (SOJOO<|>(5

3 . <636WTO)U ^CT)1 OrVSUDOOoT JDOOTQo.

4 . tD6TI|(IlOOnjo €9>»i6T!JT3)u ag)CT)i6)ca«>0aB CDgj

5 . o^gjOOJrtBo CT)llffiS)

T). Transformation drill

Model 1(3T0nJt5<9«

2 . eô^jcSjgii&oocSe GOJCD §nJGcs)ocn1<a«>Oo.

4 . fSTOajraseis

5.

Model 2(BT»aj«l>t9eu

1 . (3T8f3)i6>0Dr»_|OOi

2 . gDB crocnjo^gg" 63toTsg©o csojoccyiggs. •

3 .

4.5.

522

E. Response drill •

Model 1

fiD6)OO(TT)0go <3TDOJ6)CT) eft>06TT)Oo.

1 . <T)i6Bt3Oo<96>o (SO)

2 . raTBOiocnajjo cfcgicoTtoi <s.aJ<ft<9s>O8a>o?

3 . njiooDogTcro" ©its aie/loo) crus^ onsroraioamo?

4 . (sid) a s o e j i ODicndss

5 . (BIBCBJOfflg

Model 2(3IB)

1 .

2 . fBTDcuccnajJo onu ruooo

3.4.

5 . aJgrn ni6rnT<sa

EXERCISES

I Write the contracted forms.

2 . aj(Daaj)o,

3 . (SfucaculciOo, moracuToao,

4 .

5.

6. orunnâjo, cft>ssaio

7.

8.

9.

1 0 . c9>§6TOnj}^SO0Q/lf03CnO

523

II Rewrite the following negative statements using &s and making appro-priate changes in the verb.

2 . t3TBOj1<fl>ccT>Oo (smma&m cni ta iaaoaS

3 .

4.

5.

7.

Ill Rewrite the given imperative sentences using the corresponding verbalparticiple of the verb followed by ffiSSi" forms appropriately.

o 61t!B

.3. o{j)£jo JsmoegAgo ^ o ^ .

4. qojcno ailgioejgji0 ms&n}"

5. (Bt?) crurtnô (sotCucbcsmliBa".

7 . energy ccnrocrtitOT Gruo .

IV Rewrite the following sentences using the verbs in future probability formwith —"$8S° or

1 . nyi63T3<p6>s CEKflajiaJorruo 6nnori5

2 . (ST5> <9)LQ fvg)gJOOJ(!Bo (3TOOi(SJ)o.

3 . fsrooj(5 (3i3) €9>ofO » cruocoiisaii.

4 . faocui6>ej d^smToQ cns<e6>ori5

5 . <3T§) (sra>sanj(

6 . (3»5(0I!J) CU(5oMo 6T3)OCTOo

7 . (stacmnmajjos

524

V Fill up the blanks using the correct forms of the word given.

1 . (3to60i3S)cr> (T)1«j8c9«)onb ruos i f f i g j ? (eoooaa")

2 . CT)T (SClJCno SfDOCTg

3 . mr9<fl«)0 tBra> o i l s " &s. (cif\(tsb<a®u)

4 . r^)6)Cfto (SnJCD

5 . 65CTT&O CilJ0S | j5313Oa<Sefljr0iroo nJOoTOTtSJ^S. (<313)ffiej0.a-fl<3«>0)

6 . (3taajro36)S n_l6TDo COJLOo S)<ft)0§0(OTO)CS3)0^. (fff>1 (0 i c9« l "

7 . A S f ^ O o QJ6)(D CdJOcSjOOb riLjOOg). (0DS<9«)u)

8 . CT)T65SOO (3Ti>aJ6)rr) e o j o i o n jTgiKiJ 6><ft>06rriGnJ0CB>1 .

9.

VI Answer the following questions. Wherever possible, give positive rndnegative answers.

1 . CT>i6513Oot9So S(03 l5Q<9«0Cftcft>S gj)S61TBl &S.QS ?

2.

3.

4.

5.6.

VII Answer the following with reference to the conversation.

. 1 . rarocuÔnjajoi OÔTOTSICDOJOOI <3iBecr>Jn±flc0scirTO?

2. nneej sicuoroo asosTDitsa0 n^ )^n joo1 ?

3 . (Brajroosrra0 raraiwTora" i9)0rosmces)0f5 ? rruoeojo ag)6W36)m onscrn?

4.

5.

525

VOCABULARY

(StBSirUisi

orooiscuo

oroocftffli

rLjCWICtVoCUCO <96>

'to be one, to beunited'

'to clear''letter''punishment''incident''foot ball game"'to bet''to compel'

&sS

SKTDOOl

'beat' artBaintss)"'together''fighting''clear''headmaster''group, society''witness''leg pain''automatic''to mind, to take seriously''umbrella''to snatch''to jump and pounce''to hit, to knock''to be touching the ground with face down''to help' <&>§y° 'stone''forehead''to get hurt, to break''blood' SJOICU" 'wound'

NOTES

11.46.1. By adding different words or suffixes to the verbal participle, differentshades of meaning are obtained. Three such usages are introduced,in the lesson. All the three are some type of auxiliary verbs.

11.46.2. By adding the word <o»s after the verbal participle, the sentencebecomes negative indicating a prohibitory order or an inabilitystatement. The sentence can be with or without datiy case.

mioDosa o_io6nsT3>o bs. You cannot tell.

ml oJ06roro>ogbs. . You cannot tell.

In meaning, this is equal to the ôsigy constructions. So both,the sentences

OJOQQJOOS r*jos1§y a n d

nJO6TDT3) cfeS

have the same meaning, namely, 'they cannot tell' or 'they should nottell'. ,

526

Jl .46-3. Verbal participle followed by —agjcQj°<a«o (a verbal form of OJOQ>U<9«>U)

can be stated in imperatives by using the different imperativemarkers.

cnT O J O . > .ml cuoaettms>wu<BG)". You (singular) tell.misuBOo njoaji > CDT ruoosrarsioo)0^. You (plura!) tell.

The shade of meaning is some sort of concession or warning accord-ing to whatever context that may be.

11.46.4. By adding — «fflS8» or —n®<&>"<moo to the verbal participle,sentences indicating future probability (in coatrast|to the definitefuture with —§•) are obtained.

!xjy(5 oniccmo oj1§1«^|ggo. Headmaster may call you also.

*» 6WJ(!<$5)OB>UC9«O». Today also it may rain.

• ' • < • • ' • - . 0 ' • • • : : '

• « • , ; • • •

..*"iisi-' -A''

- ; : . V / - . . ' : ? : • • ' <:.-'H.;<y

V : • • " : . : ; - - • • ' ' • • • ' • • •'•

UNIT 11LESSON 47

REVIEW

CONVERSATION

oop.

narrow

raj «ugomro)?

ruoanomotocul mid)

6>nj6nic8i§T6>co>

m&cl(

ruiogg 6U6i«5to)3 Why are you sogloomy, Mr. RaghavanPillai?

go? t )(© o_io What am I to tellcruffl«irtj)1<e« Chettan ? In whatever

way I tried Ravi isnot agreeing to thatmarriage proposal.

rwaojai orboan Is he firm on his Opi-

527

aion even after seeingthat girl ?

o_fi§§:

528

GnJOCafi 6)n_l|fp1S)0r) <a.6ns1 g j f f i g p .

(tsi6icm raflrtBcao

ao. cr)ooa>(?>: rsTDanirai w r o i o o i g j .

(OTO)6TS)J

6)c9fi)OS)c961

oicno.

tBroruonicrvJOOo

S)c9>0

;<s«normiGas)Ogo

iip6)ej arm c9j

OTOCU

He didn't go and seethe girl. He decidedwithout even seeing thephoto. It seems hedoesn't want to marry-now.

There is nothing wrongin it. He is twentyfive years old. That'sall. We all had tomarry at a very earlyage because of thecompulsion of parents.At least let our child-ren be carefree andcomfortable for some-time without any fa-mily burden. Letit be after five or sixyears. Then he willfeel himself. Then lethim marry a girl ofhis choice.

OO . n_j1 SBjB* fgT&!3)6)<6jO<3)30o . (BTOGnJO G.aJ§ODo

fno . cnoawS: AOGJO mooicojiegj

cu1s6mo.

•

il !- '.' •••73 ?t.d>

rsranjoro That is fine. Are youalso taking his side ?

Haven't the timeschanged, RaghavanPillai? We should notat all force our child-ren in the matter ofmarriage. We shouldleave it to their liking.Parents should actaccording to the wishesof the children.

529

roa/1

ono.

(31901036)3

n_lO6TOT33.

roo. n j i g g :

nJO0Q)o. 6ttnOCT)T(T)1

mo. CDOC2J(4: csienbogD roiS)cno.

s) jQn_|ce6)onB6)s crojeoojo IIICTICCUI

roo.

CDICTTD coceaiTc9«)6TT)o. raro

That means there mustbe some trick in it.Did Ravi tell youabout any girl ?

He didn't tell meanything. Will thepresent day childrenbe telling about theirlikes to anybody? 1told my opinion.That's all.

For everything youwill remark smilingly.But what shall I donow? I promised thegirl's parents. Whatwill they think of me?

The fault is yours.Without consultingRavi why did you pro-mise? You shouldhave behaved afterunderstanding the na-ture of • the presentday youngsters.

You may scold me asyou like. But some-how you should saveme from this crisis.Tomorrow their peoplemay come to fix thematter. That time Imay have to bend myhead before them inshame. Tiiat is my

37-3 CIIL/ND/80

530

(3TOOJ6W)

VOCABULARY

nJl/mJOCBTOTn-fltM^

<a>1srrrao6tsi36TT)o. CUCTTO0

EXERCISES


1. onos" ' - f AOrt o2 . 6>nJ6ri&c9i§1s>a2> -\- c&OOo

3 . 6»06TT)o - | - cfljOEJo

• 4 . O-JO6T0TDJ _

5 . CSTO.OJIS -f-

f 6 . 0oJ!TBIDOO6

7 'rugarno. -f Q8.

" 9 . )

1 0 . dB>aJ 06rOo -f"

Now there is no usein repenting. Youdon't miss your sleepthinking about this.Sleep comfortably.I shall come tomor-row and convince them.

' g l o o m ' 6>nJ6TT5<ft>§1

' to decide' rsroeitryoaDo

'youth, young age''children''family burden''to support'' to act ' ory(gj)o

'to promise''to consider' crujeocuo'difficult situation, dilemma''to fix, to confirm''to be ashamed of'to yield to surrender''to forego sleep' #'to convince'

'girl''opinion

'trick'•

'nature'

b. Split the following. '. '•<-.:• '•:•.-•••:• : D * P - ; 7 ' - - ' i L :.>..-•:> • ' , • ; ; > . : ' ' •

1. ^ o ^ o ^ . 7 . , . ^ ^ : ^ _

3 (SraOji6)S6)CQJ60130a0o

4 .1 • ' •' • • - - , . . . y

5 . c9i6T0T!J)T6)0nc96)0go . •-• »• . .

6 . < M J 6 r T S ( 8 ( ( 1 J ) • . . . - . • •_'•:-. " .'•.'• , • •• .

7.

8.

9.

10.

II Selecting the correct words from the given list of verb forms, complete thefollowing sentences. .

, 0TUo(TO0f0ic9«)Po, nJO

(Bmo<9«)1m1cirra.

2 . a{j)6>ClS0 «51OOJ0G§0anf0iaj)o ^ 6 > S (T)i6TJT3Oo

3 . CDT6>CT3O ^ o c r u T s e j <Sj§1<ft>gOfS3o go's ru(tf)<aaiQQf\(ab

4.

5 . (STOCQJOOP rooajiwej SJOTIGA c93S>T6inj§1

6.

1 0 . ^<

1 1 . gDB 0D

1 2 . aroorii

532

Find out the correct responses to the following ten questions from thechoice givec.Questions

ci/l«jieS6srrra ?1.2.

3. cri\6>dbo

4. gormimi

5. ml

6.

7 . Cru1(d,§oi6)CSJJ(SnJ0C!Q)1

8 . (BT5)6>roS)c06)OSn^0 ^ 1 )

9 . (Hracnjooo crooQo tmgi

10.cs<a)G§o?

Responses

a . (3ra>6H0Ea_pcQ/l

n j i 6 ) 0 D ? 6n5)0S)CT)O3)0 6)nJ0§G000,

f.

g.h.i.

j .

6TO)on3

ru ioom? (3rB6)roiora3 ongj

cojsne.

1BCOOO

16300,1,0 oruocoT

ciJOcas (s<ejooc9«)1 g j .

6rcnorf&

ongj eoi6m

n. ra«n§i§orn> sicurroo i9t>1sofT)1gii (SOQQKKSOCSS0

533

IV Combine the following sets of sentences into single sentences withoutchanging the meaning.

1. raraaitti

2 . orycu (Brajcroofo (3% eft>o(D o o_iooo/lgj .

<rryu> 6>ajQ6iro> croajson-jgaeejosreifoiceao. •

3 . (BT3j n-iloomogoGnejOniKOTmiaa0 tgracsgnno cni6ui3S)g

4 . cnT

Cffl OT3) c9>S)(iSTmyfSiT(Bc9S)0.

5.

6 . (E!E£JCOi<9jOro'l(S0S2JO$0 (aTO50136)CD

7.

8.

9 . (TO) tft>Ofoô (BTDOJOO

10 . snnonoeqjooo6n5)0CT)65I3ff)CT) nJOSIOTOJ

1 1 . (smcucb

1 2 . OTDCgoOo (3T9) <9>ggcB€)LQ

1 3 . oructn o o_iooo)6mo.

14 .

1 5 .

534

V Fill up the blanks suitably.

1 . arocaairoo monocofl

2 . oJ6TOo (BI3)g<fl)Oo «ft

3 . tST9> c93glGQJ6)S 6)00001 6)nJ0§T G.aJO(O OJCTTO.

4 . ftJTDlBD t935raTO)i6)CT> gO(96)T .

5 . <BTd> (TOfiJlô (EO(J3)o CT)T nJOSTOTO} .

6 . CT)n6013Q6)S GSSO&jT 0f)i60T3Oo CGDOc06>1 .

7 . < i ^ ^ OJBJTOQ; cSjOorarinTnao (BTDOHI mcgess a ion j — -

8 . 0 - / ) § 1 G £ J C 9 S roiTfai^j ag)onT<eaTcr)T cgrrra

9 . 6reiocfl o jgsxo <3TOo_j(& raTOfoiloo

10.

ii.1 2 . (BW) ecosjfo mulmidi

1 3 . <ejST0T?J)60T36>§

1 4 . OTUJCTOTo O j1§ CT)i63!3Co

1 5 . coDnnoaj"

VI Convert the following sentences into their corresponding negative.

1 . arowooo rara) rroo"ej<5ro>1rsS gsngocjQ)1r!J3(TTD.

2.

3 . §

4 . OTDOini taraj

5 . 6n3)65B^S)S ffiAoegsiejo rx^cno

6 . mT tsraai(ECT)05 mamooafi 6)ajfS3(EOosrr)o.

7. g ) g j g

8 . (araciJOoa«>T rUfDi<ftflac£u1(0% amnoo CTVLDOODO

9.

10.11 .12.1 3 . ClBOanODClft OW) AOfOô rUOQQ)6)§

1 4 . n )cnT6)t96)onrao QjigTtoirnTmB

1 5 . fiocol «ns)cm (Bia6)<mo6)<e«)

535

VII Use in sentences of your own.

VIII Fill in the incomplete dialogue.A . cr)1ms)a«)S)oao <a><m> .&>1§1<SCQ)0

B.A . ruisjom CT)°1 a g ) ^

n^y rg)1 jfissooafl (reecmo ?

B.A . cromcoJo ^gjoooiiKBCanno? <gro(tD) OJEJICSJ) essoej i

B. ;A . CT)T 65S)t9S) 63CTTO SX

B.A.

B.A . njiSKTD n{j)rE8

B.A . ratdflyflcro0 cD°t6)QQ)60T36)cr) <9300c9sioro1ooioajo ?

(0TD)G6TTg. ' ;

B.A . f3T3)(03u (3T063136)CT) nJOolBTOJ

B. • •

B.A . rui6)ar>no)osnsu

B.A . m1mces)Oicffl)1(sgj? ru isonD CS»)<$<9«>O1QQ)0O.

B.A . 6>6>8ClJRJTO>1ffi(D0? faT9^6) ( f t . 0§§0o . OTOCnJOOo CT)1CT)a«8u

fO)S)crr).

UNIT 12

LESSON 48

CONVERSATION

m l era

: arcnoofl G.aj§Gcr>os° (micro aajos'l.ajGgjo. That day itself I

cruocor3)i6)Qa>06><e6> nQ)arf\<tA asked you. That t ime

og)ODi§iGri_jooo (aroojorflo you hid everything

from me. And now

cnocooQo>6rr>n3 mowcb: raimom

onj1c96)6mo

you are coming plead-ing for him.

It is really difficulto rtn6>rm(5so. (morti nfl)6)mo CUTWIJ to convince you. You(BT06>arr>oanroo mail r^)cnmo§° goreni should believe me.

oJ06tara)1a). Ravi didn't tell meabout this that day-

536

537

g g : nJ}&cm cajga

§Dcrr)1aj1s)S (3Tooj5irflo

n )6aT36)cn (STDoieraraj ? Then how did yourgrmecno know? Did his astro-

loger or messengercome here today?

cnoroocosmoJ cnocoiro: 6inJ6rftt9j§1(sj)ff)S a j

momocsj)01cn)Oo. cugnro cngj <e

ojorra. cmai&6\<B6>0Qa> SIC

e)tft>osn|u tig)g©o croooi^j

il T C0SCTTO .

too.

(3TOCTOCUSic9eo?

I know the girl'sparents well. Theybelong to a verygood family. Day

ms before yesterday Ravicame with them tome. They have onlyone daughter. Sowhatever may bethe difficulty, theywish to fulfil herdesire.

That is fine. Butthe pity is that theyare Christians. Know-ingly how can Iagree to it?

mo.ssoroYlosjJo, airoicijo acnoo ffltts

They have loved eachother. . Caste, reli-gion, etc., cannot bean obstacle for love.Are you understand-ing that?

rL(j)anT6><0«)O(sro It is a real punish-ment ! I have only

;||f s ^ ^ one son. He has foundJ " (sracTOcua1c9s>6moGoJoego, 0^)6)05)0000^002) o u t a C h r i s t i a n g i r l

<no6ro1ggu! to marry. It seemsthat I should blindlypermit that. What aninjustice it is!

roo. a- f lgg: Siaa ruejicfi)

S ( I B «3j£j^06rr)o o9>*T<S6)Oc3

. 6TO>OCD(3)

538

mo. Why?

roo. o_i1gg: Q^J§S)OJO <SIEOOO6)S te>ej 06m6)iii06)e9«) ssonni Y o u have conducted

aj)o, ainnnjo ajisofflfoiroiocm msonnicsotf'isnjro) your daugh te r ' s mar r i -

cgjo. OTOfOKs^j fD(gs) orufflocjoommoocyn ag)S)cm age within the

<ft>ofD6mo ? religion, caste, etc.

Isn't that thereason why you areso calm and quietto advise me?

ODD. CDOOQKO: ano&mstcm nmoolauralascrra. You simply misunder-

stand me.

too. n j i g g : n )or)1c9Q cQ)0fflfS)0fS5 sxoiool(auoroffmcsjJiiiTgj. I don ' t have any mis -

caj§6)cD 6TO)oob 63ra1<0s)ejc. eraiooirauraicaaigj. unders tanding . I will

o cix>&iSo6)&06vi§ si5)oo5 nJosTOT^ (SrLjocejCTTa. never misunders tand

you. I am forced totell because of mysorrow.

cno. cnocoJiS: nncnicsa croaso cuaso.

(8ra).ajo(0(i!(oô8c9joo

OJISOOJ

I know you willff)njQgcirt3 6i6)c9> feel sad. W e will no t

(so, roiroiTcmiro* find it easy to break

nJ6i<ftai ajoejortnTcrxnorro our old customs and

traditions. We areused to that kind oflife. But shouldn'twe also change accord-ing to time?

roo. r u i g g : (arocnjo, gooni arcs (Oce^QgWlegj c^j§o? So isn ' t there any

(ocul ei6>&® (O)1(O3fflom1 jce3<p1(S6Tara)O? (StaaioJ o ther g o ? H a s Rav i

° gD(oii6imn-joo1 6ito3 ojOesa oJ06rora)T decided everyth ing?

He didn't ' tell me aword about it.

539

ooo. ooooo)(&: nnwoio ojraoai ans Won't he have some

tftiosnoo.snjcnjj6)(tsrarnjoo1

crojeoojo OTDOJOD CDCTDOCXDI hesitation to come to

^•ajoojooô you? He knows yoiy^njo^w) . nature very well.

(BTOCUCTD oie/locy Then certainlv he

rao. (3TO^ju^LO(sono,

onro. 6TO)omi6)roi60B6)cr) crutiDiteso?

ooo. moooxS:

Then certainlywill be afraid. Thatis why my recommen-dation is needed. Itseems he is so sureabout our relationship.Look at him. He hasdecided to marry thatgirl leaving his par-ents even. For gene-rations, all members of

mcrouoo our family have beenliving according tothe old tradition.And now my son ischallenging. that and isgoing to establish re-lationship with aChristian girl. Howwill I tolerate this?His mother will notbe able to bear this.

|D<@ I understand every-swrro thing. Don't be so

.feosmoo. excited. You may thinkabout it leisurely.Let us see afterwards.


a 1 . <mcud> njcoqj

2 . C/JnflnJOOo ag)tf(aVl6>t9«>06n§(Sn-J0.a)00(&

3 .

(DOCTTO8nJO<ai0n0.

roi

540

2 . Qj1goJSTT)1 (SCD0c9S)0O3 SfOOfflg

3 . (M>eja>1<ft>0foi6>cn) cfcsrrg cruo entail n^)gjOo

1- 6ra)OS)rn6)oio cjsoejisioojgjoo

2 . mo6)g ^ 3 rruincQJo 6Toiori5

3 . mrarinifflCDjyool rmoojrS tstDCcrr) f5roc§anraro)i6)(D

d ! • (O^GJÔtQagOOO/lS 6TCJ163V3O3 n 1*

2 . cQagTcBSlOQ-lo ( f&DCS&J (3TOQJ(5 6

3 . ojg6>rD(0s>oej(DOQQj1 (STDOJOS raw

e 1 . caJgai (aw) caoraâraiinajool

2 . a j e j (ri-jOfiJC/s^Qj o 6Ttnonb (Brog

3. sirt^cti&s') sworn® o^jcg

f 1 . C9J§T fsra> ajej.nooroo cft>sn|aja

2 . rfb§1 orouffisice) .ftosmoaJ <aro

3 . c93§T fSTO2ffiQQ)6>S OJtft0Q Gtft>§

5. cftgi (BtaôG* arssiinqî

B. Build up drill

Model

pea) roiroiice/lroiJ SSTCUIÔJ

3fO3ffl1^ nJOiÔJCTTS.

a/l6>s esoe j i s)iij!g)ajfS3cna

61CTTD - Q j i CTg)1 .raj (BODOcgg .

3 0KT)^1eJOc9«)T GCT)0c9S)T .

S0D0c96>0o.

5TOT^CCnOc9€)'l •

AfosrarajoojooBi.

o j T s i ^ j ajf33onro.

1.

croanooo/lafloat ag)gjoajcrao§o

C3TBOJ6)g


1 . <SiS1O (ryOOJOBô 6T3)OCT5 (3151 oJOOo OJOOQj1^(SCT)Ot96)1 .

2 .

OJIOQ

3 . f i f l ) !® CT)OgOCQ)1 fST0flJ(5 (3TO6B136)CT>

croooruoroi^

4 . (3TB) <diLQ (Se9>S° OIBClJfS (3tB6iJB6>CT)

ODHOTTB

•gOOTCTW-

542

D. Response drill

.Model 1

g o_fl§1s>ej

ca.oip1 (BCQJO ? (3i9S>ro)06)a«) (SToaoro

B . (3ra

2 . A . oral (STo@<soJoej6)(!jnno

3 . A. fr>B.

4.A. m

.

Mod;l -2A cniasraoo n_ii6n§o raro

B

l .A

2 . A CT)i65BOo O / l 6 n § o fSTDC!Q)0OO(9ao t&><OT?»Cfi>G.aJO ?

•D 9

3 . A ODIOTBOO ojlsrô

B ?

4.A CT>i63T3©°

B ?

Model 3A OOlSJBOo 03)03)100°' <3TO6aB6>a> nJOSTOT!!)?

B (3T9Oi0Q)06)(!

l . A ooi60i30o ag)CTO)1cf)Taj1s)S cuonra?

B (BTOOI co)06)nn

2 . A or)i60i30o agjaroioo6>«ns^ro <m1arra?

B

•3.

4 .

AB

AB

CT>163130a

CtVlsSBOo

•

n§cro)1a9°

543

6)C3)OQ 6).aJ

*

(3T9OJ6)CD CU

5.A cnlsseoo ag)Ofa)1oro° rarai® gonao

Jj • -

Model 4

A cr)i65BO3<e6)1 CSSOEJI

B 6><ft.oggoo. ng)(® cnogjooofl 6TO)S5r3§1@ ffl^jmi

B 6)<9)0§g0c..

2 . A CT)i65T3Ooc96)0 rUOOo njO0O)1c9«)OGaiO ?

B 6)<ftiOggOo'. • — .

- 3 . A CTVl6!!T3Ood9S>OJ6XT) (BTOOTcSDOGlDO?

. B . .

-4.A or/l«5BOoees)°l gxno goo^jl fmicmoeaio?

5 .A oolsiJBOoaa aj^j6>ajggoro)1(ai

Model 5

.s

A

l . A m*l n^)6>nbo ^ScQaOfDÔO tSkQGT&O ?

B • anifflnio <a)6nftajSl'ltT!5T!jj.

:2.AB —

3.A mlB —

•4. A onT

544

5. A e l <ftOa-l'

6 . A CT)i63T3Oo (3T3) rgcr^<&o OJOOQ)1ffi JO?

T> .

EXERCISES

I Combine the fol'owing.

1 . njifflcm _ j - <&>OQ)OT

3 . o_ior)T - ) - <BJO(DT -|- * §

5 . or)cru°oo6m1

7 . oru jgng" - f ©6)<S6)

8 . nJ^3) - ] - C9JOO

9 . CTOEJuces)OfDo -}-

1 1 . f3T3)CQj1 -(-GnJOOQji

1 2 * ($)6)CTO 4-f50)6TDU

1 3 . OTOOClJcQjOC/Do I f3T9>CQ/l I § D § U —1— 6iCTTd°

1 5 . nJOOTTOSJ - | - ^ S _(_

II Fill up the blanks using the appropriate form of the word given.

1 . 6ro>oni d^jecTO (Bragg

2.3 . CDISSBOO «fDTt96>toi^s1 OJOCOJI^ . (ocnoaau)

4 . raroam ojej(a_pajtfl>io ifearaTwiQfn a i l g i ^ . (Bcna<aaIJ\

. 5 . ajienio Qro1a«)(o5^s1 nnocfi

6 . 6).aJ

545

7 . o

8 . ^§cfljO6>ras)cs»os)<ss) OTOainS raraGanra crobcSsil . (OJQQ>0C9«>U)

9 . rugE»ai6iDi<9eroi6XTT> 6ro)ocf5 (Sracu1s)s a^ iaro/ l . . (<fl><f>1cfi)0)

1 0 . rar?) OJ°)§1(Wi <"M5)feP ssorai1(9S)OrtBo 6jf33iii1- jTro3(nnrau — — — ai«8orro.

1 1 . (maiB<SW0§ rUO0Q)O6)W) (BTDOJOO n ® § ^ ® . /<SnJ0<a>u)

1 2 . tBTDOJCo OJO§

III Respond to the following questions giving statements with auxiliaryverbs you have studied. (eruo<£b°, OJ(@O, C9,«>1«2JU, ocno^m", ojcjj)o

<eao)Refer to'Dri!! D'for model answers

3. mirotsa0 gD'B ojogruoôoS OTDOICSJJOGIEO?

4.5.6. og)Gnmo§° mTocoominro

7.

8.9.

10.

IV Give one question each that is quite appropriate to each of the followingresponses.

1. njinomi raraegooojo

2.

4.5.

6.

7.

8. g

9.

10.38—3 CIIL/M/80

546

V' Answer the following with reference to the conversation.1 . (3iginBS)S mSiStdbo ajeJiOsmsKonnruooiooJOOTra0 croocroorao?

2 . roonejoj<i5nj1ggosj>s>s iBca>§iJ>s <ft>ej^06rr>o <a.s>1ffisraro>o?

3 . (oo / l (sra>6)f» gDn^CTq-j^crra ? orooi f f lgnjooT ro6nf cgarra

4.

VI Fill up the incomplete dialogue.1 . A 2>1cT>i6TOiznocm6VBnn <&.LO<ft>§1

Bj \ (3T96WJ). mgâjroTdDo (3>6>CTT) <a>LD.

CSCDfOCRJIW <a>6Tf%.

B •A 650(5rvO3. meJCQ)0g1 CTUlE0f3<a6)0fiB6)S r u r a l (TJOS16)QQ)OS)<36) €ft>6n§<flj»1

csrotmo? cni60i30o<e6)1oymocoQJo?

BA rarawtinawo mo> nJOtftau

BA mcT)cry1ejot!Q)1<sgj. 6JfDi<e«)o5^s1 n/jiai^jccDoasismo. raraeajooo aior)

BA o j i 6xm (njcojooroo ggjoanj) gDreiaseaio? cogj cft>LD<ft>mgO6)c06)

cngj

BA (/oral. </aro1.

B

2. AB Qcusne. evnodi

AB

547

A :

A • • •

B rarairg) ^§(SWJ3 SCTTOO c a . s ' l ^ i g j . rasnii^crra .aJo-pflinnicsjJo,

A '• • •

B mm!, mani. ouoraogo sinni. n )fflcm gaJ(3Oj1c9s«sgj.

A • •B oon>1. oofoT. gD6wnof03n_i(3ajo ratogj. oroaoocoo to)6)rm.

crunnaocwo ca i s r s . 6njosnj 63CTTB roKr/lCToo) nnlcrrascno^. \y\.,?y

VOCABULARY

<i-oocnan1 'matter, thing' ^ S S " 'hide'

<Uc96)oej(oto>° ' legal adv ice ' QsnjocjuiCTgT-jsiTjro)0 ' t o c o n v i n c e '

'difficulty, worry' (ssioraroina 'astrologer'

'messenger' cruaoTaa" 'to bear, to tolerate*

'to desire' (a,1cT om1<9jo> 'Christians'

'whole heartedly, knowingly'

'caste' ®<v>° 'religion'

<2_j(3)1snjcru)o 'obstacle' cDorouoo6roi 'Christian'

(aTacn ocsyo ' injustice ' gajcatmiao" 'to advise'

«nnoo1<sora'l<e«>0 'to misunderstand'

'misunderstanding'

'customs and manners' '>.rj

6>nLj6>§cna° ' s u d d e n l y ' ' ' • ' , ,

«>6>C9>OJ1SO 'to leave, to discard' .

' to change'

'dltei autive, safety'

<uo<ae>" 'word, promise' '* ^

'hesitation' . ,'

'recommendation'

548

NOTES

12.48.1 Auxiliary verbs which support the main verbs by creating differentshades of meaning are introduced. Since the meanings may sometimeschange from place to place, person to person, and contexts to con-texts, it is not possible to pin point th; correct shade of meaningthat is added to the main verb by their auxiliaries.

12.48.2 The auxiliary verbs introduced in ihis lesson arc Ga_io<&,0,', cues" and

12.48.3. When enJocft." isusedasanauxiliaiy verb it mef..;i3 that the personwho does the action does not do it purposely, i.e., the verb indi-cates involuntary actior. and nothing would be possible to undothat.

rarocudi cr

They couldn't help failing in love.

Please excuse. 1 have come.I dm really sorry that I came; Please pardon me.

12.48.4 cuca)o<96)u creates a meaning shade thai the action has been decided,and completed and noted foi future action.

rsrocue>§

He saw her and decided that she is his choice.

12.48.5. Aîcoj0 indicates that the aciion is completed and nothing re-mains to be done.

roafl

Has Ravi decided finally?

12.48.6 J"8" shows the continuity of action. Time seme will be expressedin one or the other way.

They continue to stay together, or they have been staying:together.

549 ,

12.48.7 (s<DDa«o indicates that an attempt has been made to do the action ofthe main verb.

. She tried to read.

. This can be substituted by purposive infinitive and the verb

a s

She tried to read.

••' , '•<?; J

• ' . ' . ; : ' ' * ' ' ' • - . :

• ' I ;

' ; ' : . . ••>

•'? ?

rv '-

UNIT 12

LESSON 49

CONVERSATION

O05TT>1: GCnOgKt, (3T8.oJo.affl0,

ero3n_io§°See daddy, Chettanis not telling me any-thing. Yesterday theteacher gave such alot of homework.I don't understandanything.

What is this Venu?Isn't she your youn-ger sister?

550

551

ennoooojooae

c.aj§a5 snu <a.6rr)«9s

GOJ6rra: ertnoob

<3TOrLJ|)6)S

(3Ta65B6)0D

CDT

o ; raroogj?

ai6>ro 6)nn6TEsm

s1ajrrv)6)(0im rural n j o s i ?

(BT96)fS).

<g)g8id96>g

ojosToroa Daddy I told herseveral times. Stillnothing enters herbrain.He is telling justlike that. Chettanis telling lies. Aftershowing to work outjust one sum, he wentaway.Daddy, she tells onlylies. I tried a lot.But she writes offsomething as she likes.Thus she commitsmistakes everywhere.

Why are you in acrooojc9.ow> hurry? Ins't she a

small girl? You haveto tell her patiently.You might be want-ing .to wander some-where. Don't you ?You want to roamabout from morningtill evening. Isn'tthat your holidayprogramme ?Daddy wants to scold

ojnM me daily. Even mummyis like that. Shepetted and spoilt her.Only as far as I amconcerned there is nospeciality. Only mywords will be ignoredas insignificant.

552

ajs><es

,fD6n|<sriJnso (DcmocoT cugrasmo.

cn°\ aie/looiGcno<moab

caisrro:

tER>§<3EBClJC(V) nJfDOtmT n-lOGSnstV) n J O C J .

o o s m l , or>T

accno

ermr.meom6TO)Ofl5

G^j§Gono§

6ruot9«)1

caragK/ptD'l. o j i a c m coT OTaojaooiyooT ajraoroVI

. a-iooo>(!j3gDu. a 0 £ j o o m a j o f l nJofflroT3jrtnro3in

c g j o . aril is^sifln^ Cc&>ooc96>6rr>o. raraojiffiSo,

? ecDoaal gD«Barroc9>§ca>rci3gDo.

Venu, look here.I don't have anyintention to scoldanybody unnecessarily.Both of you shouldcome up alright. Whydo you fight eachother like this? Aren'tyou a grown up child ?Who else is there tolook after your youn-ger sister's matters?

I will always helpher, daddy. Still shewants to come andcomplain to you andmummy. Then onlyshe will be satisfied.

What is this, Rani?Why are you comingup like this?

Mathematics is verydifficult for me. Iwon't understand any-thing. Without askingChettan, I cannot atall do it. He has toteach me that! I willlearn all other sub-jects myself.

That is O.K. Thenyou shouldn't com-plain about him. Hewill teach you every-thing. You shouldlisten carefully. Youshouldn't sit lookinghere and there.

. ' • , 5 5 3 . '•;••

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a 1 . caJgoft ag)rr>1<9s c/jnnnjooo aJO6nrrajnnnBcna. ••

2 . (mam onicDtes <9»LO n

b 1. 6T3)ooJ mcya/lnra0 O J O O . nLjoin-ji^Lj 6>ea>o§gE».

2 . (groCgaOo 6Ti3)60BOcic9S (TOdmOmo

2.

2 . tsrocuab

2 . tsraj ALJO 6ro)odJ (aiDCrijoffitP nJO6TOT03nnTfScnro.

f 1 . (3TD.aJo.afl>0rou a )6)CTT) agjCTTOo (UtfcSS nJOGSraro)

2. goo cssoeji mT foiQom

B. Build up drill

Model

cui |ff)cft.o§caaaT)T s^ j ?

(ST§)

igw) a i l s " aj1|S)<fl.o§<9arm1cg:|?

mloral rarÂcflao <s®>

554

6)ojQS)«n

ta>|3gc8«>Sg!E8fft>O(06)(T)

2 . n_IO(J.

cue/ loo; <B,ao<BGi0(06>cn

3.

4 .

nJOOClJo

rUOOOJo

CD160T3O3

6>O1C}6>(3)

nJOOCljo

nJOOOJo


1 . 6r5)6013Oo<9S)° t9.C6rB

(BTDST CoJ

OOJCDO currra

<Sn_IOCB)1

aosift;-

555 -

3 . oj1airt)6m36)ggjoo (siaoiriS oJotimoj 6>.&>0§<96>6mov

4- ag)6>ciio (grama afl)CT>1<eau n-io§ rLjbiaji .aj «narra

5.


Model 1

2 . raraojoocfts0 ônra nn6>cm ORB

3 . fD6>cm©>Tejo cn15.de «9i§1<ft)6)g eor>ra6>(OTB>

4.

5.6.7. a\>i»S&o OLJIOCTDOOO SIOJCTOO

8.

Model 20)1601300 <SOJL)0<§J(5

1 . COTffiJBOo (SO) <BiQQ)A

2 . m l (aroaiins

3 . aVl6tJT30o (sra>

4 . nJtfCQ) fSia)jlJ0facBrai03<ft.6»g06>ifl6) 0Di6iJ8Oo <9»gCgl.

5 . (BO) cn/lonim gonra nn6)onn m l <a>06rra°. •;, v u',<•

6 . (31

556.

tmsicrn cu1gcnj6m<>.

8 . <T)i6013Oo (373)

9 . mT

1 0 .

E. Response drill

Mode! 1

A or>1B

n_IOOS)(BOS><S«l n ^ ) f (3>1 GCSJJO ?

2 . A ODT aJS6>fflos><ss)

B

3. A m

B

Mode! 2

A ng)6)CiSo ffinJCT)

B (3% o-jraiTou' csojcrxsofflo? rara^" (sraajcrxsom n^)§^© <a>§6T!si!n1(sgj?

. A cn"l

B miooSo cftiejÔffmfljrojTfflriio ? cniffloio (S^»j |1rin6)om ranxsoro

2 . A OTOOgrLOo (3TD6018CD6)(3T3)

B SiGCTDO ? nJGJ ri^|)y(5TJBo

3 . A rao/logjo, moycij«iBOS)te«)

(3TDOJSiro06>oS6)

4 . A <3TBgD(8riJS>ejff)(!JTB> 63f

B 63C(TDO? flUSJ n4CTJ,j(ft>SiS13go

5 . A fBT?) roonejojcft cnicomajJo

B a^)6)cm mo(t2)<Ecao? mot}

557

Model 3

B fig)<rra)O emoecn gogo"? oranjooaa0 mMmoei&st acrro njosms);

1. A ^B 0^)03)0 Gi20S)g ? (BTOOJQCT) <SiO^ ?

. 2 . A raraamo. amorLOCDciJ n^cnTceaQOLisrBT ©rrrao

B n )CTO)O GfflOaDCDO ? (BTOOJOoasQOJSngi (3T0S)fS)O0nrDu

3 . A (3TD^xj"îD0, e ^ j g a b ng)s>m

B rooao, f3tonjoo<sa° acnro"

4. A (sroaaio. G.aj.3/1 ngjeoflo j

5 . A orootS, gra i^rogi n )csrrDO§° cara,

" B .oômo (?rog°l go^"?-

- Model 4

A rooriejcuo, tmaaioo ?

B

1. A fflsmi, 6ruo6nj

B •

2. AB • • , . - . • . •

3 . A ecnonjT, ojoav m>nf\s)S n )g© ajOQa)1<9amo?

B • • • • - •

4. A ffisocmj, cnm^sys ccnKnooj" i

B . • • • • • - . . . . . . .

5. A ' ^ s m i , ejwt *»g)^ nuoajcno?,,•:. . , , ' . ^ y.

B . • • • . . . . , :

558

Model 5

A c9aiin1<9asmo. n^)cnTaalcrra curoooft

cniffljBOo goarra OJCCTD

1 . A sftMnflgftB- a0or)1ee«)(g)Csj)s)iEOcrrao nnrooai

B • • •.

B

3 . A €9ftKn1ifl«6mo. raw) <uT§ cuTraiaaooJ

B

oJOOi^J.

B

. 5 . A cftanETaaictS. a^)co1a«)(s§nr)6)(0tB> gD>D csrocrufiKHJgia)0

B

Model 6

A

B or>i65T303<ee

"1. A

B

2. A

B

-3. AB •

•A. A a®cn1<»au gocmaona) m1oo1«3Bi(ai

B

-5. AB

•..' v

559

EXERCISES . • •

I. Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the given word.

1 . rooco E<3«>6>63

2.

3 . QSjo oJ0§61aJS06)(31 (8T0OJO3

4 . nJ6iajrrooros>c!a)os><as)

5 .

6 .

7 .

8 .

9 .

1 0 .

(Bragg"

ca>LD

II. Fill in the blanks suitably.

<9j6TT)S)c96)0Crra

2 . fx(j)(T)i€&& SO'D CS8OGJI

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

(3TBjijojafl)0ft o j r m T c g (sraflmcsjJo

aj1§CTT9.

oroajaft 6>ajooa)°c9s>§6TOraj.

560

HI. Rewrite the following sentences using rail© or <i-iocj in the appropriateplace.

2 . m l r^)GCTD05u ffleJoojogftmnifsS <TOocrooro1ees>6rr>o.

3 - «D6)cm©>1 ego rromcsifljrtyfina n / l§o_f is6r r>o.

4 . fxg)cr>Tc9a <ft>La<a>gjl <a>osmsmo.

5.

6.

7.

8,

9.

10.

11.

12..

13.

14.

15.


1 . O06m1<es>° r^)g© fflmoruu(Tu1ejooQ)1ej?

2 . <soj6rra oosroTnco crunnocajic^jo ?

3 . G0J6rrB oo6mTs)QQ)o-|oo1 (3TOOJ«BS)S (mg^Gmos" f i g ) ^ u

4 . ratagjoS GajsnoQjnsicn aj«><9e ajocsrartno? rig)S)amo6)i9«)

5 . oo6mi6>0Q) f8Ta>ro3

6^ rataôro0 m<9«)6)g

7 . O06m1e96)°

8 . oo6m1c0«)0 $

9 . n^)fe)3 Aoro^flJiroicwo oosmi 8aj§oor)3§°

1 0 . (sx>aj"paab oosmiiaa 0

561

V Fill up the incomplete dialogues.

1 . A (BTOnnso, <s.oj§cr5 a^)CT>1i9ao ORB

B • ? ratodioo oni6).nSo <BTBor>1aQ><5rB>1 ?

^ 6 i s ? (BT8«no . rawa/lms

'cft>1sc9Qorra? ml —

2 . A COJ6TTO),

B ? (moajcTj a®gmo ruoajio. migcea0 n ^ ^ ? <Broai6)a&o

^ n ^ o c o j o s i e j a<e»ogg6)§. a )orroo ^6OB6)cnnn6)onr). acrrao moo

3 . A <Braanr>6)

B s o c n o o . v^CjyoBa1 AtfioTOicj. 6}frroro6n|

4. A ^6)cms)nao nj1oomog06nB°. cnT

B

A . (BWGOgjO (gra@ n J O O i g J . 6TO)On3 CniCTCTlOrvJOoT (Sr81BB(BQa)0§o nJO6t!5T!!}

B. ;

5. A

B <STOOJ(St9S a^)00i<9So . a(J)6>ri5o

A

B — —.

1 i r i 8 ClJOi0e O1(QJ)1 Gt9>Co

39—3 CilL/M/80

562

VOCABULARY

O06TO

- ' , . • • U . 1 - : . • • ? - • ' • " • , • V • • ' • . ) •

' t imes' . ''simply, ju i t like that '

' l ie ' . OJO§6)OJS° ' to suffer' - ;•

' to commit mistake' < «nT 'hurry ''slowness' (sroaica)0 ' to wander, roam'' to beg, wander ' &&.aemf\<sû ' to cajole and pe t '' to spoif' (o-j(Ba»i<e>ro> 'speciality'' to ignore' «?>§§" ' to push ''desire' aj§«B° ' to grow, come u p '' to fight each other '

' to help ' © ^ 'satisfaction'' to practise, to make a habit ''Mathematics, Arithmetic '' to understand'

N O T E S

12.49.1. Some more auxiliary verbs like ra>«Bu, odhosaa", <9,§QQ)U, o i l s " ,J, and n-ioou are introduced..

12.49.2 Auxiliary verb? OTOS", 6><9>o§ce«iu ' to give' are added wheait is needed to indicate specifically chat the action is done for thebeneficiary who is other than the doer.

Mother stitched a dress for the baby.

He told me that thing.

12.49.3. Whea the auxiliary -verb <9>goe>0 is added it means that the actionis completed fully and that the speaker has mixed feelings ofsorrow, surprise, uahappiness, indifference, repentance, etc., aboutthe completion of the action.

(FTOOQJOOo {3T060BSKT)

He told like that.

^563

They went away. •na cT>1jn)0tQoj1ejcsDoi9s)0 (8ra> aje/l<a>

She sold off thai big house for a petty sum.

12.49.4. culs", when added after the Verbal Participle of the main verb,sometimes indicates completion, and in other contexts it bringsabout the indifferent mood of the dotr as though the doer is notvery much bothered about the action.

• I sent him in the bus.

She wrote something.

12.49.5. When roVlras0 is added as an auxiliary verb, it functions just likethe auxiliary •fes'leoa0 indicating the completion of the action.

She completed doing everything.

12.49.6. Note the expression fflAqscraro* nnT(® in the following sentences.

(BTOcuooas CDT n_iosroT!536)ce>05CE(OT!n nsVliag.

You have to tell her.

When the emphatic form of verb stem raVlns" or that of any one ofths ability verbs like runo" Or a<a«o is used after the verbalparticiple +<^ the meaning of compulsion is indicated. Theidea' brought out is that what is stated is the only alternative in thecontext. Observe more examples given below.

. Jml njoicoj ra>i<© ") You have to study.cnT J

cni njooo

Sen, you have to write the lesson.

UNIT 12

LESSON 50

CONVERSATION

fDG6oi30fajorTa.

<a>on_p6ioQ)06>c96> c

When did you reachthe place after exami-nation ?

^ j I am just coming.(BTBiniiooj6XT) tft>o6monb pms)<t> I d i d n ' t e v e n g o h o m e .

1 came here straightto see you.

Then you go inside,brush your te6th,

. have your bath,coffee, etc., and come.

564

565

: 6)isoo)1on1(oJaj^ fBisxm (sa> <ssoe/l6>ca>O6>e9s> I finished all s u c h

«n")<&(5EB. <SCJ OMODTRI5 rooaia5 ono^RBsneooo/l w o r k in t h e t r a i n

rtsonro. cTuoiBom6)(DO6)<e«) tsronjnofto <&cgj1(ob cuTgT itself. R a m a n w a s

6)t&>o§m>QQ>.aj • < l®a T )Tiu sKnocS gDeerao a t t h e s t a t ion . I s en t

o ffinjocna. " ' al l t h e luggage h o m e

through him. ThenI came this way.

n_iraTc&a]s>cn)O6><0$> cncTnooofi

63OD0o OOOs <ft.

nJOCQJOCDOQji g j .

rara© cnjorocgjo OJIKCOO. cni

: (ataflffiooioft oniraotraffltyssns. snnooi

a>s>1a/l6>nio n-jromoaiu/l (ajjm'l.ajcSjS'

6J6>roooo <e>ort>ioa> eimocfo 6>.ajqgjO6)(Tn £)§«*

Did you write theexamination well?Will you get firstrank?

Haven't the examina-tions finished onlyday before yester-day? Won't the

. result be coming onlyin the month ofJune?

Still you can guess.

I will certainly getfirst class. I cannot tellanything about therank. I may comeamong the first five.

That is not sufficientVijayan. You have tobe the first. Thais my desire.

You don't be dis-appointed. I havetried my level best.There is only onething which I didn'tdp-

566

oS]fs<wdb: atajoaooroqes OLj1omo6»ej

65(oooo(Ste« croocjuoro6rr> 6iomooho©>

Qj1«oQ)oa:

What is that?

Running after therarooi Professor.. Every

da,1|a. year there will besome people for thatwork also. Usuallyone among them willget the rank.

cnT orooooeso ajoca. <uoejo§1 ms<m6ns. I don ' t want you

{Btaajcnoj6)oSo mn§<9as)c9>06n|o, (OJQQWJDO 6ica>06n|o to be anybody's

«a>oro,jo <scT)S6rr)o. mcnffyo<ftftiTaa o/lajcol wagta.il. You should

<B)IDOCB/1§0 63anbo CTnjc^jsne. wiroi. carol. 0015 attain the goal by

ojTfflom oroorroo(Dl<s«)Oo. col (&nt&asrtn your skill and hard-

(STBfloiocijiaoQ) (ftiosrro0. goomcejo work. Don ' t do

CTI1S)CI3O cfljOtD ffiiB Qiijoai^gg . anything against

. your conscience.Akight. Let us talkafterwards. You goinside and see youraunt: Even yester-day she asked aboutyou only.

r )6aT36)CDOQ)1foTeaacns? How is aunty n o w ?

•• Is she any better ?

She doesn't have somuch of asthmatictrouble. But the otherailments continuelike that.

Did you show herto Dr. Raman? He isan expert.

sesiB86neo?

csrgicryoQjas gnj(3Qjo.

(3TO63T36)cr)(tn6)onr) ggsaBcrro.

room6>m

567

roicnceaoicafiegj <gTDai§6>s

ojonicsj) <sajuo<§.(biB06>(os)OQ)ocnso

ruioDJooruaiigj. or)o|6>6>aisis>n5o

e>c&>o6n§en_io<&,6>§. &<& orviDejoirroooo

UDOCTO) COCTDO

cojooaflgj.

(atooi6>gg©

orojcnno

Don't you know abouther obstinate nature?She doesn't have faithin any of the new doc-tors. She needs onlythe village doctor'streatment.

Let Shanta chechicngj take aunty for some

days. A change ofplace is good.

Shanta tried her best.But she didn't go.She will do anything,only as she likes it.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a,ermooft ajcnogg

b.

(Dong

• c . 6nj)O<Bor)

amoccn

6TOOCCT)

d . <9>«SgCt& nJ6IT)a

oJSlDo

aj(a3crra

ajcnaggB

568

-e. oj6rr>(Ba)

aJ6IT)o

nJ6irio

(mam(3T3OIB

aj ipaa

c9j6rora>i6>ODca>Ggj ais>aa

•'. ratoum

,. / ; rUOOg).

B. Build up drill

Model

rusas nJO6rara3gg8 V

cufae

afietc&o

cnioofto

569

1.

IDS'

fDO/l6>S

grro OJAOUO gocuiffls gDffiOD IDS' 6)nj^cnogg e

2. ggg e .

cnjmmocno

C Restatement drill.

Model 1

1 . (BrB6tT)1

2 . (3TOCIJ(& §

3 . micucbas cTuamooDo ta/lganro.

4 . 6nnoa5 s>(o>eg«93 CTUIODIIB <a>O6rraorro

5. csraom nj^jeesol ajo60T3i<ascno.

6. Qrtja/i tstocr)1ca)6)cr)

Model 2

J aionra.

2 . roiBsmi <fij(0Jc9«>(!jnncQ)1(oi

3 . 6TO)ocA maga/lo

4 . traoros i&ca>e)g6><a«iosn§ n j o |

5 . aroooft (3raogfiORjro»nomo§0

6 . <e>§1<9.oo a i l i i r a i mictw

570

Model 3

1 . ercnooft <s6nj6nj1<sco)o§ OJOOSJJO.

2 . traoros <aiocij<36>s c u i g i r a i nnomcroieeeo

3 . 6t!»oo5 6>6>e_i(gi)o1ca>1(tJ5 cnionra

5 . <fe§1cfcOo nJgffl <ft>g1c8Qo.

6.

Model 4nnT(«cmo(j)§ge

roi1cnogge .

2 . 0B0CD3 C9DLD OJOCffli <S^JCS2)gge .

3.

4.

6. raroojoi cruicorooo"

Model 5e / l e j nJOf ruo§oomcsj)gg8

&j*lej(soc»

1.

2.

3 . (STDOJOo G<9j(0g(i5T0>1«lb <S(l_10c9i(SCmCS2)ggo .

4 . crvjco fli6mnc96)0 i a . ^ u ng)tfgD<scrr>aj>g§e .

5. raroojcfl r u ^ © marniaa ajfiB<scnr)0?)SSo •

6. oruTfii) roomacn oj1g1csa(BCTDC!!j)gge .


Model 1 • . •

'9

"QJcowaru ÔCCOJB -g

onccu

17

oLÛr 0 °ocroocifl> -g

e

-g

8§g*Q"«payrt)

Z8§§(toauss€i>(/ra"r.cusoifi) cuo^tB tnueia) "g

• 8SS(6oajos!83ro §|,ro yjo^^rôjEj -g

• 8§§(toCU0SS96>\,(0DCrt) ?Q)(fif9€PSCe (DCO) ' ^

• "ggitouJuoswPcraLfiJBcjoai ocFS©^ SQJOJD - g

• 8§g(?OUJUS)S9€PtirtH9 OUOrtXME) oCJugocifi) - g

• 8gg(&Da036U9Ct€P »(ODC?OUClfi) L ® ® ' I

us

572

Model 5

Model 6ejnj(5cp

1 . stmocoD

2 . (STOOJCg gD60T3S)(D

3 . ffrcnoecn gDB .oj.T_|o<ara>T

4 . carrvaiffica) fooooecojosimi

5 . o_l6TD<96)0(Sft) nJOOJ6!JI3S)(3

6 . (TUiCT)1lllO«f)OfQ6!5B(B§

Model 7

2 .

3 .

4 . SAOffigssifSi cniffiom (STOOJ6XOO6)<96>

5 . raroaJojiffl0i8 (00((3)1 a.aJ08O ggpgorraoggo

6.

E. Response drill

Model 1

A . tO 0 ^ c9.0n_jiGCQ) e

B . OOtD AOnjicSUgJOOtO) OOJ610 6CTTO0

573

1 . A . omonncnrii <ft>Ln<soo)

B . • . .CSJLOCSD^JOSXO) eojs>o

2 . A . 6ro)on5 (sraoi6)g aio(®<siri €fl>6n§g§e .

B ; CT)i65I3Oo (STOOQ)06><3. COI6)0

B . a f lg i ra i . COJ6)O eolsgjggo . . . . . . . ?

4 . A . srmoriJ (S6nJ6nj1sao)ocs

B . CT)i6BT3Oo

5 . A . (3T9S1&

B , <636TOTU)10R)u (SC1J6)O nJBJciDOfOo. . . 1

I B . CT)1 CT)t9S)u <BOJ<S6ng?

7 . A . 6nnonb (TO> nLjajjcfijOKnTrai c n i c a m

B . <D°1 jajT(jg)o

Model 2

A.B . rarogs ooroT. CDiaDgjoonn COJS)O tsrajRBo agjsirm

1 . A . oracuffifo 6Dcrn1a_fi6)s cucnagge .

B. •2- A . teB§1<ft>cg oro°^§1«A QonroefOTO) (SoJOO(j)gg8 .

B. • •3 . A . CTVoMfP0Q>°ffic96> eCTDOo CTOdffiOCDo cft.1§10!J)ggo .

B . • • • • • • • •

4 . A . cruracTujfoiieca; OTTOI® ODCTDOCSDI njos1aj)gge :.

B. • • • •5. A.

B. • • •6 . A . (3I3) GtoOLDo <ft>Of06TT)o CfljOtficgJo, ftDOOOOJo (BO(tD)(!ID

B. •

7. A.

V

574

p . Reinterpretationdrill

. ' Model 1 •

tSTOOffi

1. nruinn p

2. (arooioo gDcnicsjio

3 . (SaOJ(i> cS3§i6)CiQ)

4 . (Tyc83(LO(& n_J0Oo

5 . 6roionb croTcorooo

6 . (BTaai

7 . 6ro)ocT)Troio

Model 2

(3TBOJ(&

2. oroifoi

avion

•3.

5.

• 6 .

7;

<D6n5Oc9a<2CTT>CQ)gge .

g6nso<e«)1(!nw1Aom1gj.

g6neoc9«)i6iaao6ng1(o1i9aonro.

mogs <9>osna<icTnc!j>gg9

. G C 1 J 6 ) O 63CTTOO

OC1J6)O

opnrao

OC1J6)O.' 63CTTOO

57?

Model 3 ',6X0)0(500 (STDgD 6>.aJCg|e. .

6TiJ)OCi5 (3T0gD 6).ojO!ô. (SOJSIO

1 . (BT§) c9i§1(S0Q) § 0 6 > c 9 « . a / I rtfl g g i .

2 . cmoaDcncm (BejcsDogo a j o § mrmoayi

: . . . . . . .

3 . 6T5>0(5<D mi6)cm §D6iJBS)ar) cr

. . . .

4 . (sraajcg m g j (3TO<ftai(0(oro)1ra

• ••

5. mgjojffiro fi^)gjoaj(S<9

6 . rarocsgaDffiffl (BooroGRjrin

Split the following.

1.2. §3 . cft.OQXyiOQ>'l£J(5£JO

4 . <ft.oo_paj)e)iE06)ca6)

5 . nr>QQ/lroo6)6rr)ffi>'l(sejo

6 . cciJscnafflooQjnnBcrra

7 . 6njO6njciJO6>6mffi.1ejc8£j

8 . njn>T<9ai€96)oroô

9 . njooaiocnoaflgj

10.11.12.

curoigy. •

7.

576

13.14.

15.

II Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the given words.

1 . 6>aJ6n&<fc§1<&>c§ coomocol esoe / l

2 . caiaegaDo micoiOTTOiocom orubejgsGa"

3 . ,tSTOClJ(S(D a^)61<m a^)Cn-j0ô (6S0(&<9«o)

. 4 . <e>gg<e6)Sg©<fljO(b(Sc9«) 6)e>eaio c/Bicaaj

5. raroajCTroajobi IBO(®(S(B <rf\ ?

6 . <fl3O j<SnJ6)ro aiO(jg)(Siii m°\ ?

7 . ' cSiinooicscDcsyo cniKSBjgos ^|<ft>o«!3S)S

8.9.

1 0 .

, 1 1 . y

1 2 . orvfflogio cuanooggo?

1 3 . catocgooojo

1 4 . IBCV 6>6TT§G<3£S0 ?

1 5 . 6roionoo gomi qcmasi cnimccse

6tS)0C(D g)Oji6)S ( )

63RB <XJO^- (oJOSi )

ruo(S§1c9«)u ml iroicorocoo ?(cue/l.ay)

croocrooroitsatajogjgg . (onicsomos")


1.2.3 . rooo-fl 6>ej n^)6m*l OQ

Ol ig i r t f t (BTOGg.)

4..

5.6.

7.8. mejc!Q)og(?jta)1ej(5gj

9 . (SiBodg, m l

1 0 . ml (STOOJCTBOS

1 1 .

oromabmo

?

oraegj

577

1 2 . o_i6n§ igroxsej crojcroio gDo jo nqf&c&n m>jzjusis>c&

1 3 . tOOneJOJSXD a.ai,J06TT)o (ftiPicSaOnS 610)0(107 C/0OCTO)i6>0Q)

IV Rewrite the following sentences by adding the negative question formorooigy and emphatic g§ge .

1 . 61U)6013j3S>S ( U T g i f f i J ra£)gJOOJ(33

2. <3ID.aJo.atf>a5 OO6TT)i6)aD l20(gS)o

3. raracmffincsyns oj°l§Ts)ej

4 . CcferogOTrmioej I56U,JCD(2D)1 s igj looj ie jo ffiejoo)og«iro)1ra5

5. (BTSOJf5 sTojiraio CDODOCQJI

6 . fig)gjo aroaffiom6!Si3go <uT

7. 6rmoab a^)g CDSIT>1C96)0 gg

8. ruroiaai iB0((n)o axmoco/i

9. n )CT)Tc9S f06Tl§po0niQ0mo c9.1|c..

1 0 . n^gjoojnso (ojoQxomo 6>cft.osnf cSjoro o ecD§crro.

V Transform the following statements to positive and negative interro-gatives by the addition of —so or <™<sgj in suitable places.

>,1 . n£)g_joojc53o

2. tft^cfljCSg GOJtDo

3. 6TS)orii oraojnBOs fLgo<ft>iGej cn1cna

4.

5 . (l^)6)0ftO ^^<9 j0 f0rK) n_l<POD C1J°1(SS

6. raroegaDRrnainciJo eoro^ crojamo

7. j

8 . raro§(!jT3) moorueui

9.

10.

11 .

1 2 . n_JO£j nJ0SiCQ)1(S§ OfUfflEOCOo

40—3 CILL/M/80

578

VI Choose any 12 verbs from the list given and use them in sentences withdifferent tenses and also by adding the emphatic n®—@g§o in theappropriate places.

<&>O6rra°,

nf)1<s«>u,

VOCABULARY

olaxxriboo"

cuoejo§1cns<£)«u

n_ios° a/)c/8JCTv>1<96>o,

'wide' eonfflo 'directly'

'to brush the teeth'

'train' e^rtucS 'station'

'attendance' CTUOUIOODO 'luggage'

'examination' ooa," 'rank'

'result' §i>aone06>o 'to guess'

'certainly' <&$"*> 'desire'

'to be disappointed'

'maximum'

'behind' msdxsxab 'walking'

'to be available, to come to existence'

'to go behind somebody wagging the tail'

'tail'

(nJOOKODo'to swing'

'to achieve'

'opposite'

'inside'

'illness, disease'

'to continue'

(maimooji

'effort'

'conscience'

'aunty'

'asthma'

'faith'

'doctor practising indigenous medicine'

' 'in the beginning, very olden days'

V

579

N O T E S . , . •• • ; v , m ;•-,:•• -•. : - : i . t V ; . - " f

12.50.1. In 9.36.2 you have noted that by the addition of -n^ and -213 in theappropriate places some sort of emphatic, cum restrictiveconstructions are formed such as

caToaifficn on®. He alone will come.

In this lesson you find that this meaning of emphasis cum restric-tion is used with verbs in the present and past tenses also.

12.50.2. To indicate the emphasis cum restriction in the present and past,gggg , a variant form of gone", is added to the present and pasttense verb ' forms and -<*® is suffixed to any one of the words inthe sentence as the case may be.

crr>6>ej<sa2) ojcrag@s . He came only yesterday.

gDoms>£j. o_innro§§e . Only he came yesterday.

go<5ri_|OG(p runs craggy . He comes only now.

o ojttBirn)gg9 . He alone comes now.

12.50.3. In future tense when the emphatic - ^ is with any word otherthan the verb in the sentence, then the verb form could be in" anyof the three different manifestations given below.

oj«Bgg9 . y He alone will come.OJ;TO}. j

12.50.4. But when emphatic -«# is to be suffixed to the verb, it will be in thefollowing fashion.

<3TOOJCT5 oj«B<9iGcs2)aj)gge. He. will jus t come .

(Uo§cft,(scQjcQ)gg . L a t h a will j u s t s ing.

. Uncle will just give the money.

580

12.50.5. In - o $ — g § § 9 usage interrogative sentences are formedby the addition of — so and «M>G&} respectively for affirmative and

•'"".'.'".• " n e g a t i v e .

orVlffiOQ) cutmcnoffiggo ?

Are you the only person coming?

- •••• Are you just coming?

Aren't only the children crying ?

Aren't children just crying?

12.50.6. Note the idiomatic usage (njoca,) OJO£JO§1 msd9«o 'to go behindsomebody wagging the tail.'

UNIT 12LESSON 51

CONVERSATION

ratB6rr)1:

cugy

<ara)ffiejo.aJcr>QQ/i<Tii

a^)ao)06mo dfcsejocry <&.<&jo?

c(2_|ffleej6iJcr)ojaio<B6mo?

o»oaro>:<s6ruo(ftcu)1(!j5cnlqnr)06n80. goo gnBrufflranngOo «s>T

raJtmiacDoorro ffl6m1c9su cro(ft§1aDi<es)OQ

croaniftno otDcijTns nflosroo<9j6tDo

You seem to beimmersed in some deepthought. What isthat piece of paper?Is it some love letter?

Yes. You read andgge. It is from theRubber Board. Itseems I should gothere with the certi-ficates at 11 a.m. on28th of this month.

581

582

amen/):e/lco

t> nniocwrcni roocui6iej n^)6m°loQ0

6>(tnog>gD° <mrLi"nascnQSi>o

(t5)1ro1<e6)6TDo.

? raronnior/liro) cu Isn't it a good thing?eojessmo? gD«B Why should you have

to think so much?On 28th you shouldget up early morning>bathe, pray and thenstart for Kottayamwith your father.

orVl How soon you have de-COJOQQJT cided the programme!

erflru I a m fed Up w i th|Drt8o(5ciJiciJ06nDo. aimless" cucgj. going for these inter-

views. This is theninth interview. Ican't go for anymore interviews.

foai6rDi: <BTD60B6>m nJO6T3TO)0 enjoa.os)cmco)1ro1 Telling that can you

cr)1(Dc9au

(soDOe96)sm<>.

. oTscnm

O/IOQ°

Hiicnjooo/i,

remain without going6ro)oaJ for this?' You should

try. Don't be dis-heartened so soon?Didn't I tell > youmy story that dayitself?

Selling even the housemy father educatedme. Aren't therestill three more afterme? Shouldn't theyalso live ? Every-body's hopes are onme,

That is aLI O.K.,Santha. But withouta job what will you

csoeji

(BTOOITcejs)o

583

aj6xgTO>ocnjro>O!B6)flsro>

. crflrodjaigg0

(D6X5TB)

craorrcn:

do? After attendingeighteen interviewsand writing morenumber of tests didn'tI have to go for thenineteenth interviewalso? Only then myluck was also clear.For you, isn't thisjust the ninth inter-view?

(srogg cojosro? rarosnno 6roioaoo e.aj.a/l6)QQ> Isn ' t it enough? Or

<Bnjos)ej aJ6)Rjnnon5o_irtn'lcT5o[?>cij|vQj1oro co_io should I also go for

19 interviews as youdid.

0 6 T n o ?

ros>6rr/l: 6TOiooft ruocsycdio? ooT ag)S)ODc96)ooo w i n I tell like t h a t ?osrrs0. (sta@6><ftiO5n|u cnioDcse ecu You are luckier than

crio cssoaii ce.igo. m e . So you will get

a job soon.

ea>s>T6T0T!)> maiem Rj)1nBajonaa)rxjtog© Qruo&odb Last t ime we soldfsiac8ffltB6)s fO)oejTinTonR) enjoejo OJTOQ. SO even my mother 'scoo gDofloAcmaiTaoo aocrooonra nuiraSaao. mo marriage chain toej OJAOMIBOCSJJI gos oJtaiiaj msonro ojtmorra. gO to Tr ivandrum.fDool Afflo uiaDaM tDgj06)rir) ^cui6>s aonramigj For every interview

we sell something. Forthe past four yearsthis has been thepractice. Now, otherthan a few humanbeings there is nothingto sell here.

e>aiQ6i<m §06<sr36>cn n - j e j cn j1oo )1 |

6vaocrroan§y, a^^jo afl§1eg<> t§ms>

ra>T(@.

There is no use intelling like this. In

CDIUBOO every house eldercooqsis mo§T6)oSo children wil},; have

584

&>6)O

(/Docro>:

moa

g6ngo<fl)OoS

roai6iT>1:

(rujeocuo scrn

ru1§.

VOCABULARY

more responsibilities.We have to toleratethat. Isn't the stateof affairs of ourcountry improving ?After some yearseverything will bealright. Then it won'tbe so difficult.

That is your feeling.In my opinion thecorruption and bri-bery in our countrywill only increase. Nochange is going totake place.

You will tell ' some-thing without thinking.Can't you stop thisnature ? Aren't youthe person to guide

(SfOQ§nDo on6>fflL oruooooQiT <BSIO y o u r y o u n g s t e r s ? W e

should try our best.You leave the . restto God. He willcertainly help us.

paper'piece''Rubber Board''to be present'

'interview''to be frustrated'' expectation''to increase'

6)6)<fl>ifl8ej1

'thought''to be immersed''love letter''along with''to salute with folded hands''to decide' ^'to get bored' m1(ooo?)fflo_j'shelter'test' ''the marriage badge made out of gold''responsibility' (BTOSPI m«j)'l , 'corruption'' b r i b e ' " :^' ' ; '" : "' ' '"""":'' '' '

585

EXERCISES

la. Split the following.

1.2.3.4 . <ft>La6K2J0S><96>

5.6.7.8.9.

10.

b. Combine the following.

2.3. eg1^° 4- aosi4 . 'raracn6i5i3OS)ctn, -|-

5 . a inao i i^ _(_

6 .

7.

8.

9.10.

II. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the words given.

1 . CT)1(BCTD0§ OoJOSi.06)05)01

2. ro"Gj oimînji ens3. cu°l§ o i l |

4 . <3i5(fj iasro1s)<a«)Eai1ejo m"\

5.6.7 . orooioo a | 0 (3Ta»(Bejo/u1d96)O6)nj) <e>ofD,iffliBOo ng)^«n1 — ' •—-. (CIJ1S O )

586

III Respond 10 the following questions and statements using any one of thea u x i l i a r y v e r b s "5103", 6><a>o§<9e°, o / ) s ° , <&>§OQJ°, ojoo;u<a6>0,

ccnocee", en_io<e.°, cnaa", a nd «n1«Bo in the proper context.

1 . cnT (srac£yo(sgo§ n-iocsroraio ?

2 . cni n )O0)1aa «noaicru1^ ajorra?

3 . misraoo anasfimb nJG&ne

4. ^)

5 . tmaaaio, croroge.aj.a/l ngjoniaa0 aonroo

6 . (DOCOU, ^cna cnTcsyo (o_|cruocn1ee«)6iT)o

7.

IV Without changing the meaning rewrite the sentences removingforms.

1 . ffi(gB)1«aQJ4<e>6nt OJOSTOTOJ SCDOCWICSQQ)

2 . ^(ajoajcra^fflfflffijiego m l jsoo/lcaj «n*l(S.

3 . i (STmajG>fo 6TU 90210ml aa j n j o q .

4 . ^ ( ® cue/loo) aj"l§1ao ôrrajQ ((3nj6>coa>1ejo ojos€ft> 6)<&IO§(5(!JT!J>

5. n^soTaeiconcsiiSiiejo (3TO j° LOS)or)S)<e«)06r

6. essorruaQi6>(D6)cs2)©.1ejo c u i g i c ^ j o j o q .

7. dfcocD o AOffmooJ <^)gjaojro3s>s cgniruiego oj"l(B6rr>

V Rewrite the following sentences using the emphaticforms in the appropriate places.

n_l(TJiT6)0D§0

2.

3. tsiaoj(&

4 . otocgnoo foo(to)1

5. cm«noaii6)a8o tuo<e«

6. fST80Q)OOo Ol1o3do cf ts iaj- oJ6)<ftM

587

VI Answer the following with reference to the conversation.

1 . oaoorm 13:61/1.0/1 col <ascijori5 <&>oro6mo

2 . OBOora)(!g)6)s rara.ajo.aJ3>n0o, raroamayo

3 . tD(B6TT)1 nQ)6or36>m uoocimsiw crojcnno <ft>LQ

4.5.

VII Fill in the dialogue for B and give a suitable title to the whole conversation.

A. (sa>e>A n^)© en-ins

B;

B.A . (Bragg" (smujÔru&naeys tftOOo iEO(ja)afOG6mo ?

B. •A . cTougkg}1s>ejo6)c0s> csruoaio. cu&ssa cromroo g6rs0ce6)0or)06nou <mo<u<5ie«

. B." •A . ora>csfDogu?

B.A . r3T8a>iOn-i<s>ODOca36>s c^nycSiOejo nj)6icm.

CBJOOO

B. . . . . . .A.B.A . or)TsoBcgo§ e ^ j o s i ^ j i g j . 6TO)oni §os>c96)

B.A . <81BOJ6)rt> O )CTO)TCID CoJSieaS)6TT)o. n^)6)O3)B>

6T^ cij1aBS°l<ft.rosrr>o faTS63T3u ng)yra)1 S)<ft>o§<e«)6mo. <Sj§1<ft.^6>s orocnra o ro jon i>

B: •, A . AiaeJffl igjaewn o j r o i g j . n^tgjccajo <a>oejiBOQQ)1 mttaj&s mo§1ro5 cro£B(060BO»

msorro 010300")cgj? (3TB6)nno6)c96> gors CUEJICSD gosôcnnniDaBOttBo rarool

B.A.

(8T9Q0J)

> •

UNIT 13

LESSON 52

6>nJ0QQ>°<8<fle>0

CONVERSATION

ffifflnrVl £§om<ooa>ooa/l. cuoorv gxiryicsjjo cuomi i t is half past three.

gy^gy0- Vasu hasn't come yet.

o/lcnas CTUIDCQIO (BQ&w&Aafi or/I 6>n_iooo)u(Sc96)0. If it is getting late6TO)06)cnooog CDTGciDogOo. fof you you go.

I shall wait alone.

{ooaoii: (smogs aeu§o. cft>g1 gBssoTsidwxpisroroj. fi® You see. The game6>ao)0(oo(Oa-ja/lgiQ!2)06nou! CSAJ§CIS CAOoas j ^ s started. Wha t a

cSjgT<9s>o6>(oo6)<9« 6)6>(urff)ocT)OTr!nn(oi shouting it is! Aren'ti cnaj<BB cnjoajOo. fuocry you hearing? All

588

589

eajane. mraooiooo aicroi the players have6>gj89>1ejo cnaj<9& 6>OJOOQ)°^<£S? reached the play-

ground. Come, letus go. If Vasu doesn't

. come, let him notcome. Even if hedoesn't come, can'twe go?

m i m a s <sn_iOc&>6rr>6>fLe>'l<aS 6>n-Joco0<Sce6>o. anno I f y o u w a n t , y o u

ongg i§ri&(BoJ o_jo6nsTO)1(5gj? oioory £D6>gja/)(o& g o . D i d n ' t I te l l

6roiom1§y. you even earlier?I won't come withoutVasu.

cajgofl n-iflBorTyiogjfft/lraS n_iT6)cm 6TOIO6>OD«3T3 jf you don ' t come6)ar> cnjo<9)o? raronm cutfcss n_iooo/lcgj? how will I go? Won ' t

6)cft>oggOo. njorry curoisigjsjirai mi? mummy scold (me)?njgmce>g1 eft>o6nr)C6ng? This is fine. If Vasu

doesn't come, should-n't we see the foot-ball match?

CDIODCSS <e>o6moo.

ojcrra <ft.06m5ms)infflj1(s5

oi3)CS2)gg0 ?

r^)s>n5o ^ a s Y o u m a y see . B u tJ CT>1c!Ji<96>6rT>!> jf y o u w a n t t o see

cft>siT6njt3)0 (3TO6T5ijtii1onT w i t h m e y o u will

to wait(DC90c9s)ot33

rerocuaft ruonn1«gjs9>1eejo?

oicojo.

gon_io6nou.

rara®

§y-

have to wait abit. Only five minutespast since halfpast three. Is itnot so? Let us waitfor ten more minutes.

If fle doesn't turnup even then?

ogjcniasigD cngj He will certainly come.sifts tSjooô nJoc?)6)afT) i a m quite sure about

(STDOJ6)CISO it. If he tells something,l J e will certainly

keep that word. Ihave no doubt re-garding him.

590

a§6)to>®.1ego (smcmôojtmô (Qjmosm')^" raw D u e to some urgentgxrro Qjfoooib ruoo1cQ)i6)^je.T(seja? thing if he is un-

able to come today?

-cooerii: d9.§1

onimaa

gcnTgjos)tm aroioni

n )nDO<o5 srooofOo <&>g1 <s>o6rr)oofl (ucoigj. OTO I f that is the Cfise

(ljoosisnsansej O )CT)TC9QU a^po/lssoyo csnjo I ' w i l l no t come to see

<fl.oo5 fooroiggg . (STOOJOS oJonrVlQgja.'lt&i '6rs)ooft the match . I can

(3TOCIJS)CD (5I9OCDJOMT cnjo«s3o. t n j o y go ing any-

where only if he isthere. If he doesn'tcome I will go insearch of him.

But I must see thematch.

You may go.

But if I go withoutyou, won't mummy

cnjsre scold? On your partyou don't need me.You want only Vasu.

Don't complain. Yougo. Who is going tote". mummy? Neitherwi'! T tell nor you.

onamoo nJocsysunaTcsej (swam (BTOoioQjeggo? D o y o u t h i n k m u m m y(sn>6ir!J>ocrrom£_). imam a<j)6aT36)CT)ff)ccya>1 ego (sro will k n o w on ly f r o m

us? That is not likeOJ1(U(D6)IEC)6>C96) tft.1^0. t h a t . S o m e h o w

mummy will know.., Even if we don't

tell she will get theinformation.

acusrs ermodb

m°\fStD021CSCQ)0§o 6T3)O0(5

•Gtoon-fl: OJOCTV ojroff)§

GnJOcBjOo.

O.K. Then let Vasucome. Let us all gotogether.

591

D R I L L S ' ' ' ',' . • • ••• «*''••> r-i<' . ' - V ; • •

A. Repetition drill

a . I * cngj ajgiooiosiCTTmitaJ emocia (arortnoiTos

2 . raTacucfl inT§<S€)mon6rT)a)T(ij5 (mocufiBa

3 . (D°lca)6)gja.1(!lb nJi6>CTT> (ST^roigB 6>.aJCjg)?

1 . n-J6TT)o g6)6rmffij1ro5 aJ0OJ65136)g

2.

3 . cruiDOCjuocnnjo mj<scro)Oosiajo gDCTgjj&Troi n jTmam

amiora"? •

c. 1.2 . m l o roa j i6 is ffioJ0ce3(nDS)6nes,1raB emoaoo GcUO<Bio.

(J., 12 . fflu 6)n_i<^s)iEa)1.(3% c n m o o

•3. 6njoro°

1 . OT9) <9)LQ (3T0OJ(4 Cc9>6)§Bj1 «ft CD 186).96)CE8" ?

2 . agjgjonjraso tafflsrisffijiraS <ft>06TTn6)g.

3 . (3Ta^J°iifl>nb (gTonaoJBi6)9ja,1(!ji a / I

4 . (BTOOJOO ojaDTsigjai i raS ojmsng.

5 . n j s m o c9>1§1aDis)gjai1(a5 n j i f f l om oroocDcnsjraoo nQStsaexn 0J065Bn<aao?

6.

f, 1 . cn°l og)fflcfto OTOmicaOTRnToaioeismffljiejo SXOTOQ sinnocj

3. OJTB^ gsisnsa/lejo rusmo Gajsmmcgjo.

4 . oraojcul gDQgj&iiejo rrurog onogiroi Gnjoooil.

5 . ,ft6TOTO} ajraajmrmaft i iejo rarairE raro^ (Btft>ood9sscmTgj.

6 . raraojoo oanroo ffljxJ^mVlsigjejiejo. orocgrvOo e>OJQ6)ro> oj«>aa

7 . r^)cnOo (srocuocxss c u s a s <a>1|S)me)1e4o (sraojoo

8 . rsTOOOJOoo cBigg A s i t e ^ i o g j S j T e j o oroicnrooq"

9. <m<s§nno

10.

592

B. Build up drillMode!

6)nJtO3lBO(JCTT9.

6>n_l(03<BOCJcrn>.

oJ6m<96)0roCT)06>6ID©>i£Jo .

OTDCgnOo

6>ouj«B(BOC}onro.

6>aJ«J3iIlOQCnD.

(BTDaOffl>OfOo 6Dg-jO6>fiS)

cncTDOoo/l c isoej i

2.

gooi <ft>eJiO6rT)Rjra)1ora° oroojoo

an"

3.

etmoofl

6«noo5

<&1§1.

iBO(ro)o cfc1§1.

(SO)

593

4 . csroo1oQ)6>§.

(BTOOT6)6T0IO)ffijT(0i (S tool OQ)S)§..

T!Jra)a>n(0i (ST»OiGQ)6)§

(BT0OJ(&

5 . OJCTTO. '

nôiiiicra ojonra? •

nJ)e>ar> a^jaoiioi) airrro?

ml ruisxTT) ngjamiaa aiorro?

ml

C Combination drill

Model 1(a) <3T9.aJu.afl)ri& OJrtSo.

(b) c63§1t9jOo

( a + b ) (3K)jxi

1. auitai ajo§nrra.

2 .

3 . m l (Li§<eeiCT)06rK)0.

(T)T (3TD(J5)08)O (gfDo mS<S63o.

4 . 0D160BOOC9S crucBanosroicDOcS

CT)i60)3O3 ^60136)0)

5. cnamooo/l

6 . fflTODo, gDO^jiCSJJo GOJ6IT)o.

CJUOfDOgo S)ffloJ<TU S)<ftiO§<9«)6rOo.

Model 2 •( a ) (BTOOJlft n_lO§ oJOSi .

(b) or>Tm6>t9«)g©

( a + b ) (31901(5

1 . (BiracgnDo ogjexTDjiJooT TJO6TOTOJ

41—3 CIIL/M/80

594

2.

oJOOo

O J O O I .

OJCTTO.

3.

4.

5.

6 . OTOOQJOOo tBaggo c

SIOSOJo (ST9CSJO6)g Cfl)1d&b1t98o.

Model 3

(a) oJ6mo ruiroiaoigj.(b) nJifflCTD ^ O o a§6WSS)CD CDSgffiSo?

1 . (BW) crooeaKarroicw

2 .

3.

0^)60136)00

4.o_fl6>(Tr>

5. cnissBOo ciD6m

6.

7.

nJiS)OT> CT)i6BBOo OtiB

(3I0ClJ6)g

CDSjiiODo?


Model 1 •"

1 . rosng aisrrflgmd) <a>ogia) m1(Bi€98S>iBe>iKjS 6njcru

2.

3 . ODT ajnu6)iiifflj1(o5 6TO)ooft OJ«BO.

4 . orxmooa/l ({ja)ffi1<SQ6)oma.1«i5

5 . oje/lca>

6 .

Model 2(S<9j0aQT nnBoruiraS GrUO<ai6)lIlffi>1(!j5 cng j <a>On_p

6)CT)O<9Qo.

2 . C3TBaait!)IIlOiQQ)06)(IiejT(05 OJOQQ/1c96>OCl5 nJOQo.

3.

4. orfl

5. coism

6 . 6)OJg1C!Q)1«jb 8003(991 gDCD56>Cmffl/lSSb CUVSS <9)1|o.

Model 3

m l aJO6taTS)0(a5 6raio<scr)

2 . 0J6TD0

3 . CDT6!313OO cjajosTaafflrmejiflji 6nnoofl

4 . oraajtb nJogfflnjQgsajira^ cnioDcse a\jsif)iBS)Ocfo

5 . cn1s)CQ)6)om 6D0y6in.jii6igj8a.ie40 6n»oa&

6 . cngj (tnooJO|<a.otocnos)6TD83>1ejo (SIDCOIOOO

59$

E. Response drill

Model 1A . (SOJCOo OJIgJ, C D f l c ^ " (S(l)Clf\6tS

B . <T)T <BaJO<flj6)CW)S>'l<B2j 6)nJOO0Q)ucS6)O, n{j)Cr>1<9S CrU0<ft>6rS.

1. A . cfutoo «5)Tcrroo. misae Agiaaoo.

B. fnl o^miaa ; .

2 . A . GOJCOo rUO. 0D(5<9e CDSc9S)0o.

B . on°l o^cDitsa

3 . A . s u i / i o rtnifoTces)0', cni^cflQ nKQaflffloo) <a>06TD0o.

B.

4. A.

5. A.B.

6. A.B.

Model 2

A.B . (STOOQJOOO nJ6mD<06)oracno6)smaT(ni

<SCU6TDo?

1. A.B . ••••••

2 . A . <8TOtt-io° •s5'03 ajejTcfl)

B.3. A . (ST3> oj"\sf\(di ag)gjocu

B. ...,4 . A . cnff l^s ^|<S)06)(0gj0o rera> croTcolai <a>O6rrocrro.

B. •• •••

B. ••6. A . (sacu(b aas OJEJICSD OJT§

B. '.:,..:.•:... . ^ . . . . . .

597

Model 3(BTB0Q)OOo

1. A.B.

2 . A . (BWQJ'Oo CU)(3jnn1cS2)1(Ob (0)6in3i.

B . ,-•.

3. A . ororocro tarocugCTs oJô j i ao r ) OJIOCJ.

B . • • • • •

4 . A . raraffi§ao<> ônro scntoexarm

B. •••••••,

5- A.

6 . A . crorogc?)a eft.(u1ra>

B. -

Model 4

A. <Dis!jBg6)s cai§1<a>c»

B. rajoiaaao. njoiaafflmsjiejo somoo cnioocnainoaroo

1. A. fnieoBOo mid) dôroô fflotiumic^jo? .

B. . softimiisvajaa/lejo ruej1cs»

2. A . CT/IHSISOO oraojGmcsjJo aj1g1<eam9CS6rBO?

B

3. A.B • . . oJ6rr>o

4 . A . wcnjgo <fl>1§1aoQ)o?

5 . A . (Bwrucfi goa ajfoTcftaioijio aoQ)1<eaoiao?

B . — : — . — - . <8ronj6>mocrR>o

6 . A . rarooaiooo (aracu6>g

B . w • — •

598

EXERCISES

I Fill in the g^ps using the correct forms of the given words.

•J.J"-':.•: " 1 ' . gDaaoejgiE!)0 eorojggo, eiftronnoojiaoo csaoeji orysuaiocxyi s*lcu1(g6ngu)

2. tmcuexo3. croTcrxnoQ0

4 .

(c&.1§u)

njo. «nrooo.

(<&1§u)

5. rucni (3ra>6)6iT)ejTego (Stoajno (Biijocso

• 6 . ib

7.

8.

9. (D165BOO

1 0 . Qo ia j " ajegtmooQ)1«B6)oroB.1e4o (OJ«B°)

II Fill la the gaps suitably.

1. art a )(® 6ro>ooft2 . n-lgECB

3. mimcsi

5. (BTOGEUO -

6. cmnnoaj

7 . eora^gg" ©go av6iiiBigjooQ)n«BS)nT)SjT«i8 a)T6)S

8. mi6ins1cQ)i6>gjffl>1rai

9. • (Biaaioo ODiarrD av>jruuooo <ftsn§6)1ai06ne'l(o'lies6>crr>©>'l<!!8 oni rarorung

10.

I l l Rewrite the sentences using —<>{8 after conditional o®s>i(05 andwith the verbs.

1 . <3TOG§aO«JrB>i6)CT) VDBJbGlfcfiOXOflGWSaAtrf) (B<a>0nj1 (9So.

2 . oJO|j raJ0§6)01©j1(iJ8 CTOfllBOOOo OJO6OI30.

3 . cfl>§g6)C0 <fti6)6nB»i1(i38

- 4. a

599

5 . moj6>ro oj1g1te«)6rD6)CDffl>T(!Jo

6 . cojoaTsvajfa/lraft grarmroo oJoojJo.

7 . oJ6roo gofflgjaTttii (njoojooroo § 6 n j u .

8 . UKJTBJISCSJ) <a.6)6rBa,1(!io criiflejo moooo

9 . mTo3 aj06)(ora)fflj1rao

1 0 . n_ioej

IV Rewrite the sentences adding - g ° to the conditional «$8fei<o&9 andto the main verb.

1. njfoTaii cncroooo/l n^f^sisim^cdb. croimioono-

2. OJEJ (ojocuwio

3 . (BcuscT)T6) j£aiT(Oo

4 . ôcn°gTaM0 §

5 . cueiiocu GnnogejaiOo g6>ansa>1(o5 OISCIJICTS «noiiicro1<e6)6TT)o.

6 . 6)^jo1csD <ulsos)6ms>1n3o ojos<a.

7 . <9.ggce«)S^S)snsfflj1(oJ

rS. rroicniaio fBioto6asoo

9 . t9.tt>T 6)aj§i6>0Q)a.1«j5 6)6>nnca.©o (Dss)§

1 0 . CaJOQ(US)^j89)1rao Oj1gOU6)§.

V Combine the given pairs of sentences using conditional

2 . (BTOCXDOOo n / l g 1 . a / l g j .

3.

4. orojnj°cn<. <a.6nf°

5.

6 . (STDOlA COfHB6)§

(sacuexo eosTa«oo.'

600

7 . (BoJCT) goJ(BCQ)OC/5i<aao.

(3io<eaif0o cncmooo/l

8 . n_i6m<> g6n t u .

9 . m l aQeicfoo

ODT gggg 6)ju'cgj6mo.

1 0 . cnicDtea OJSIDO -<sai6iDo.

VI Respond to the following questions and statements using conditionaland concessive ag)e>iejo appropriately.

1 . 0Dim<9Q (saoo§(o3 S&OOKSUXTO

2 . o06)nio cajgfflcrJo eoroâjjffls (mt>nj0nadb aast cauo<§.oosno°

3 . aroiBQSMiOQBfl. COJCDO m s a a s i D c mc9c9«)cui6)S

^ 4 . iste«)6>g06)<fl6)

* 5 . ratoogoDo a«

6 . <BS)ooomooo 6K»oafl

7 . mimcea «nosuaiao«j8

8 . 610)003 CnJ0<S§0. <D0i)<9S nji6)CTT) CTOoOrOD(!)1<a6)Oo.

9.

10.

VII Fill up the incomplete dialogues.

B.A . raraaiocno§ SOJOCQJI nJO6)6roro)ffi>1oeJ0?

B. '•• •

A . (sroairti aie/loo) (sra(^)ii)1oQ)osrK)u. rara© <T>1or)t9fi)oi6rarB>o&«s7

B. • •••

A.

B.

601

A . (BTOdjofl cnafficgo=; aj<p<oa^soai

B . • ' • • • • • • •

A . nfl)2©c9jOStT)1^ 6)<9>0§<9S)O(TX)6nac ?fDns jm ig j . cnqjaa croiaocooorxiiocsiii

B. •••A . cnTo2Ji6)gjffl>1ia8 ruiCTcm 6Knocroo gogj

GcufflneToQigj.

B . • • • • • • • • • • • •

A. (DieoSoô rarogj. cnaajsts

B . • • • •

A . fflroooi @aJC3<y»T

( ® i ° S 5 1 " ! 0 - 6TB)ooJ cni6>nD goon')

B.

A . 6ro)on8 nji6m63Biffloa)©>1(oi m

mT n^)(Ea_jO6)Sl83j1 £J o n )6>Cl3o OJ0.9S

B.'.- : • ••A.

B. :

A . ag)G0ra)0 6TO>O(T)Si5B6)rn

(USPoSS

(Siasifflomaiosrro0

croJORJ>

YOCABULARY

•CrOoODCSDo

'single', 'alone'

'players'

'earlier'

'firmness'

.'doubt'

'in connection with' «>aro°

'moment'

'complaint with feelings'

'news' '..' av,-;!'rJ.')-K. ;• - ;

'shouting'

'play ground'

'to wait'

'even a bit'

'urgency'

'fun'

602 .

J N O T E S • ' • • • • . • ••• . : •-. -• ' • •• -• - •

13.52.1. Conditional and concessive constructions are introduced in thislesson. Conditional sentences include a condition for the action ofthe main verb. Concessive constructions imply that such and such

• a thing will or will not happen in spite of the condition.. • • • . . ( a ) m i c n c a a CTUOIGQIO <BTg>6>oa)a>'l<O5 m T 6)ojooa)0<s<o«)o.

If it is time for you, you go.( b ) raraoQiooo oicirniCTgjffi.iegb cnaj<&& 6)nJO0Q)"j83CS ?

Even if he doesn't come, can't we go ?

13.52.2. • Conditional sentence is formed by adding the word <i®ffl>i(o3 'if'to the verb of the subordinate clause.

( a ) 6><fl>O.aJ «9i§TCB)O6>6mB.1(35 SicB«)OQ GCU6TB.

No ticket needed if it is a child.( b ) njsmo g>6>6n2ffljiR>a ma.

If you have money, give.(c) cr>1 (sn-iOe936)oma>Tro5 enstocio

If you go, I too will go.(d) (Biama ajiraiceeCTfliejTrai .ag

If the mother smiles, baby too will smile.(e) (3TO(u<& (BraoT6)6roro)ffl>Tra3 (BTOOTCS2J6)§.

If they knew, 1st them know.(f) cnomoo njoidsaomimgjajiKii o«nora8«9ao..

If we don't study, we will fail.

13.52.3. It may be noted that when ^ © . 1 ^ is added after the past verb... .the main verb can be in any tense. • >

If (he') studied, let him study.( b ) Aooo 6)jU6)9jj)©)1(!ii aaTAao?)o <a>1§1.

If (you) committed a crime, (you) got the punishment also.(c) (sacucib nfl)6)crn t u i g i a ^ j a i e j o amocii ffiajo<fecm1gj.

Even though he called me I am not going.

603

13.52.4. Concessive constructions are formed, by the addition of -2° afterthe conditional verb.

(a) (BIBCUfft OJtf€0ao-JO6TOTO)O£Jo OTlOClS (5nJ0<9io,

Even if they scold me I will go.(b) nfl ojamoejo 6itstocS> oiroigj.

Even if you come I will not come. '

(c) oVT aJorniagjsBj'lejo 6to)oai enema.

Even if you don't qome I will come.

'•'A

W)d

UNIT 13

LESSON 53

OK?

CONVERSATION

armooS Gajo6)§ (BTDOHIO?

(swam: co j e r s . ggcrro ooT 6>oj§1csfl6>ej60i3o co_io6rs

§ cscno<9s>

cr)1cn<aa°

STT!> O C T U o .

Mummy, can I goto play ?

No. Today you neednot go out. You lookat the sky. Can'tyou see those darkclouds? It may rainheavily today.

<e>§1<9oocoo if it rains let itbe. It is more inte-resting to play in therain-.

604

605

(groom: roor\)6>(iio6>c9s>

rucnic/aro l .

aic9)Cfl: rucnT

<BT9gD <T)1CD<fl«

raji6KTO

moooO,nJO

c&OCBo,

(TOg),

raroom: (3TB6)t5)0RJ)O ?

(mama:

<9jSID<Seeft>S)gO(TTDo

ejo<s6)os)«n ' gortBcmorai CDT

Fun is alright. Butif you get drenchedin the rain won't youget fever?What will happen ifI get fever?That is a good ques-tion. If you get feverwill it go so soon?Won't you have tobe on bed for sometime? Then you willnot even be able togo to school.I won't be sad if Idon't go to school.On the other hand Iwill be very happy.Why is it so ?If I don't go to schoolI can escape that bo-ring Mathematicsclass.If you don't go toSchool how wi'l youunderstand the newsums in Mathematics ?Even if I don't un-derstand it doesn'tmatter.That is fine. If youdon't understand thesums what will youdo in the exams? Ifyou don't pass inMathematics will youpass this year?

606

«RB crtnooooejo

(groom: o_ifD*l<9iMoa)T(o5

6)OJQ6H!J>

gD6)rtno6)ce« (BTop1oQ)os)ina.1ejo

No. Even if I failonly in one subjectI will fail (in theexamination).

cnnoooora? csionj"S^JSCA roTaom if you fail in the exa-mination will yourfather leave you free ?Why are you bring-

<8«noooo<o8 o oniaannfflcTD AO ing father's case here ?If I fail in the exa-mination won't itbe a disgrace to me ?Even though youknow these things youare asking me thesetypes of questions.I just asked for

nnffloro fflorra0 raidjGaJo.aj'l.aj eooOjgg. fun. That is all.

ennoooorai rsi3)6)(DB>lejo croas M u m m y you think

it over yourself. Willthere be anybodywho will not feelsorry if he fails in theexamination ?Ordinary people willbe sorry, But I can'tguess about your fee-lings. Even if youfail in the examina-tion you may notfeel any thing. Isn'tyour skin a bit thick?

cniOJOgj.

DRILLSV

A. Repetition drill

2. 6>njqgj6)§.

607

3 . cuv 6>njQ#oro3 cnaffioc CDCDCSJJO. •

4 . <a<s> anLjiôtoi mamoo oncnoo/lagj?

5. oup

1 . <DnjQ3)O6wn ^nBcmoraS moffioo axnco/ lg j .

3 . ma" 6>ru<5jos)f!j) ^RBcmorab cnamooas <ft,nij1

4. aw

C. 1 . nJOi-aJCXBa (T)T KQQ)1t9«o,

2 . aJo1<e«)06if!S) gDRBcrnoRji oni

3 . OJO1<96)06)«J) gonBcmoraS cnT

4 . ajo1<s6>06)«s) gDrracmo&jo

5 . oJoTt9«)06W!n gDnBODoej

6 . nJOT<9S)06)(3) gQRBODOejo jajiEJCnJOOo {SaQ)1c»8o.

B. Build up drill

Model

<9i6TBTO>°

1.

Cni6013(Sg0§

2. gooiaaoo.i t i i snsosxo) gD(T>T<9«)Oo.

6TB)0CTOo ffii6nSO6)(31 §D(0i<SS)0o.

608

3.

c9i§1

oJOOTOTOjOejo cS3§T

oo rural g j

coiACTycru/l.ojoejo


Model 1CTyi6B13Oo CUOTDOraS SI0)Oa5

m i R J B O o CUODORli 6T3)On3

1 . OtDSgflOo CjpjOsi^JOtoS fflTOOflJ S)A>0§C9QO

2.

3.

4.

5 . fstoojfflro <S)6ngora8 fsrofuoo

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.


Model 1

1. .

2 . (3T9QQX>S>§ ojic/BJrroi^jorai

3 . (BToajaBns OJOCSS ca>§oraJ cn(g<a«

609

4 .

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

1 0 .

Ol1(88C/3gED ffinJOCfflOKSS

aVlsjBSjgs aoroaffii^yora?

ra^gJOo <ft>1|o.

i 6 n n o m ^ 6)jaJ(g)<SraJ0c9jo..

<e>§'l«9>©o a_io1.ajO(o& m>sij"aacntmnLO(i> croGrnnonsuiaso.

s i teaor j cuo60T3icn)0(o5

n^)COD0§ u (STOOBOJOSo (

n ) JOOJCfOOIJ)o 0 / l g i . a J

<9>ej^06rr>o cSjtfi.ajorai i

Model 2

1 .

2 .

3 .

4.

5.

6.

.7.

8.

9.

1 0 .

(BT0CU6)g €0D6TI§'

(3TBOJ6)g <fti6nSC

fD01B6)0r) O j i g i ^ j " (OrW

(3TDO161g c9jej,i06TT)o ,

OOS1 OJCTTO <636Tar0ii6)O

( T U i m i l E cftOCTDOo.

sajosi^joroi aroooft orooiCTro a/l§o

jOtob eft.otoio (wraoioaiOo.

nrV6uaiocQ)T Si lo j ieaooo.

f" <fi)Oraô nJO02)6IT)o.

IRjJ tffcOffiô n-IOQQJo.

^cruio Cajosicsosmo.

AV!^" gDOjTs)s 6>cfe06n|ajn)6mo.

D fl^)§c96)6n)o.

cnrmocoiT n j o l ^ njroicftiM sco1<e«)6mo.

CSOBJT G>aJm> n_16TT)oW

OJ°I§T(!JJ CnJOCQli (3T9OJ

COOJOICSCQIO (Ba>| cft.O(t

UOOfilgo CU06013i^J efl

s>s)njoru 6><ft>o§^© en

croo(S(Dnr)1^j &>estf>6n

Model 3

1.

2.3,

4.5

CT)*I aJ06T!yrO)Ofl

m l oJ06TOtO)0

CTOjggo <a>T§1oQJO(Di c

, m l ojomocoa 6ra)on5

, (aiB60T3nrr) n0$roYlcQ)oc

. ailsTs)ej(oi3)1oQjo(oJ cc

crumjos1c96)6mo.

6>g d9j06rnSTDo.

),jo (B(T)gy1ej0c»s)6mo..

1)500)1(05 GnJOcaiSTDo.

l1rai6)0C!) OJ063136mo.

^ (STOflJOS CcdiOoedSo.

EJo (3TOOJC13 C<93Coc9S)1gJ.

3)AJ(5JOo.

niscea0 so™no (miroaaonS n joc jo .

Qn-10<Bio.

JA eooOceso.

IJOJo <fe1Sc9«)0i>.

6 . r>_I0§

7 . oJ6tDo crumjosiîoraJ av6iiaiocQ)1

8 . cfljficfi.00 g06ai3icf2)0(o5 taroaJOo

9 . o^)6)om isiosi^jorai 6ra>on

1 0 . ruraltftaioojittft cnnooooro?

42—3CIIL/M/80

610

Model 4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.9.

10.

Model 5

c9.§T a j i ro i^ joe jo (STDIIIB

(IDT CUODORiS 6ro)0CTOo CUCOTo.

(memoes^ 6roionft (Bra>

ng)<S0D0§

tfe§TcftiS)g

CTXTTWOQ/I

(B10OJ«!3o

rUOOo

col fDf33mnoejo n_iro°l<aaioa)T.

1 . (BTSOJSirr) (SsOsmaCTtm ^(tBcmotai m^tee orvsu1c96)Oo.

2 .

3 . g

4 . (sra)gt8>6ig croucman1c96)06iroi

5 . cuyi c8)Sn|a_i1sT<B«)06)W) gDfiBoroorai

6 . nJffmo rrurruoalcea06)«n eo<mcmo(tib

7 . rarajonocoo «a>T§O6>R5>

8 . 6)dJggo <9>Tgo6)(tn g

9 . (STOOJSig aj1g1(06)O6wn soasicmoajb oracupo curcBo

10.


Model 1(a) CT>1(b) orfl

OJ(D3o.

611

2 . g ^

sroocft rig)gjonj(?>ce«o rroamocno 01060130.

3 . (BBcusig cro°(sar>an'lc9so.

4.

5 . (STOClJOii

6nnodi

6 . 6ro)ona csroaiieis

7.

8 . (3Td.aJo.afflCf5

9 . (?g<fe° ^§(31(0?

. 1 0 . ai6rot!ni6)CD roou) g

(SiSWro)" (BTOfUQSIS (TOgjBS)" 650s1(SqJOc&jo

Model 2

(a) ml

(b) -cnl(a+b) ml

1 . (STBflffi

2.

6)0JQS)RT)

3 . <31B)§

4.raracunb

5 . nLjrrjjjc&xi eia.o§a«)1g:)

rUOOo

612

(BT5i(sroaij)o

6.

7.

8 . (3TD.aJu.affl6>ar> (STOOl 00)1,06)1 g j .

sroorii

9 . <ft>gHg) CUOQQ)T 106)1 g j .

•10 . oi§)(sroo§o

Model 3

(a)( b ) afl)CTDDe4o (3TOC1JCTJ

fBTOIEB O j T g i ^ O e j o (STOdlCiS

(STOGgnOo

a3§1<ft.oo

1 . fBtaouoiJ

2.

3.

4.

5 . . (BTOflffi

6.afljomoejo OIDQJCTJ

7 . CSWOQJOOo CT0iC0fD0Qu Oj1(05c98o.

OTOflJOCT) 51OJQc9So.

aj1g1.aj.

8 . (SIDOSDOOo

(lômoego cnxtJ>i<>

9 . (BTOOJA JSCQ)1ej1«ft

1 0 . o j o e j cjuoroi

1 1 . (3TBOJ(EgO§ 61

^ o m o e j o a

1 2 . §DiDc/B_i(oon1(tf

613

Dgb ffl»1|j<j.

3)S0T3Oo (3TO(Sn_l€ftain<0«o

noojoo orofflann1c06>1gj

8 OJ1(/DJ(TOT<S«O.

EXERCISES

I. Combine the following.1 . (EOol _)-€ft)1|o • ; • :' '

2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.

II. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate form of the given word.

. n_i6rr>o

2 . ffltoj 6)(moQ° o^jmjffioJocsDoego (sncgnno caa)m1<9«1g-(

3. croTcnrooo" (Btajcoocnio cDtra1<9aia6)(2).

4 . cr)i63i3gs)SnJOAo.

5 . ODTSWSOO a06>(TO)O6)ce6) (ar5( <e>§1

6. oij(DlaiMCQ)1(o5 0(5)0000(05 n^jcnitsao oroa>So ? (OIRB°)

7.

614

8 . (vjismOTBicsJoejo (groom O^CTOD a!S><»e ruoogio

9 . cfeeneoftsi ô A O U I ^ ^ n s ojocoxsemo ? (

1.0. : 6D«BCTD0<0j dÔtDio OWoiOQJOtSio. ( o / l o i l ml <£X3U)

l l .1 2 . (STB) 6nJ0f\J0o c8jg6T&ra)OK5i n_fl6KTT) cr>°l6>0QJ6)CTD

13.

1 4 . 6)&®06n$u ojraqyroo o j t f a a gbsira-p-ojoroS ratof!ni6)CTOO OOBJO

1 5 . ts% -cnimra

HI. • Rewrite the given sentences using the negative for th? underlined verbfoims only. '

1 . €fe§1 tferosTonnoRji tstDimi a o s i oj6>mr)§<eao.I !

i

i

''•]

. i

j' |

1

( '

: • !

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

(stdjgtft.og 6>aiQ(ora)orai CT)(?as(tn6)0fD oroaseiojcssmsi cues

OBagaoacam c u l g i ^ o e j o O H M * ^ o ^ o .

(913) tSaOfOô ©O&flJTOOKyS (81<5)(b<&&o CTO©3So <SrtF>OCnDo.

(TOJa_l°Cno c9>6TT§ff>c930ffn§o ÔftBCTOOfO^ O i l OJy<0Q O-JOQQJGd

Ot?)OJGQO§ CTOoCTV)OfOi^JO(D& (pJCCQÔSODo 0C6T3O ?

(BTDOJ(SQO§ sf\ GUST CQJOfOo CSTOQJOo CCT\ CCTT)O§ (El 6Tt§GCDO ?

(H13) <9a0f0Ao nJ06TOTOJ cftt SM STOTO) 1 § CO* nii)61CTT) QjT SORJ&

1 0 . oroaaiocno njO6BBicm1| a i l g i rab a-uocoJOf^ arfim<e«

IV Split the given sentences into pairs of sentences in future tense.

1 . (BTaaffl §DO.eyT CUO(BTiS)0(5i rijT6)0m n|J)gJ

2 . nJEJ (rtJOCLK/Bô nJOSTOttlJ 6>c9,0§(ijrope4o

4 . (SnoopejTrai nsiomoroT^jOdsi rarajcraocoô CTWBT<S6SO.

615

5 . (Broaj6>cT)ruooT cuoroogo o-iroocofl <s<&>§0£4<> (sroegano (ST06)«nomrao a / l t / 9J

6. <Saj§a

7 . cugsHoaaicoo ©osieoxxai orofficoxonnloo0 6nJ<j\}orfto1ai5 agjiarmocft o-iocjo.

8 . cro&m nJosraiKnoejo m>Q§nn&(am m&&(\<8s>odb

9. cniejs g j

1 0 . §D60B6)cn mg j ro1ro>lcs2)1«A W)*lej1^)oe4o maim oQaa-jOtfo cuwaa

V Rewrite the sentences using emphatic -g° after the conditional,and the negative -gogy after the main verb.

2 . ifjo/au^^ Gcftgorai <6j0roi6tsi30o mc

3 . «(2-)0a£i(TUQS)S o_406><fi> ojoejogT msomotoi o o a cfl>1|o.

4 . Qorro si6tT)1^(?i .fcOOTTOifsscnnotoS nujrajTooo) <a>06TDOri& ruocjo.

5 . SDV nnejcojsor) mooicojoroS 6nnocft cmisinio^CTS raiai c s o a i i

6 . SODOo OOS. CU065Si^|0(a% 6>aKU>Tt96><!3a

7.8.9 . 6>anauuinocj\)(?) ositaaai^jotsi (BTOOJI?) O«S OJOOO

10.

VI Complete the following incomplete dialogues.1 . A ffitiocm, (scucoo soy e.oj06)006><s6> 65crrosm.

B

' BA n-fi6>crr> (D°1 raidcro" raraesB6)or) oJOffratwiegj?

B •

BA cuej(5)ooQ)o<saio? ajejcmocojoraS n j e j (njcayoaooajBgo g>6nfu,

i 1 iB . . ? • . . » • • . . .

A <ft>o* aosi^jotiri ajifffimo? otonnTgj, crfl

B

616

2. A •••B nJomoraS m l o{j)mi6><96>gB> nnnso? rarannosô

A :B ojonra <5CIDO<9€)OO. cu6)&su oroajTsodjora ojcmTô m l

AB (3TB65i3S)m 6TtnooS ojocsronno ? o^)m1<9a mi6>cm oj1osjooa)(56n|u. m l

raracno" o^Qomo? ans cft>oroio ojostrfnnicgj?

A • 'B agorjjca>6!SB§6)s cftora^caio? cn°l ^ ( ® QOJCOO mocrro0 cruocootaJ n_fls><ro

6r;yios)mgro 6> j<gj6>§.

A •"•B cojsio ra0)«B(ssgDo orogj. miaoSo csaj§6)oi5o cejcuiraiôo faiswm.

AB 630Grxoo. foen§ ôrro (j-joajoaio ajooodaasmo. ailffnio OJ16IT§O tuocsjii

m1s)as

3 . A raonejcuo, gys c9>oro 6 cnioaflo (sa^j"nsocaa (STBIBIICSJJO <BTOoi6roTmo<u&

O-JOCSJJo?

BA soGciDO rffrocsn-jooo m i m a a " rugjoiwrm aQcuroô ajorT>1§6n§egjo.

B •A < )CSOR?)O r^jmiceanniraS fulaojooruo gDgj. (Stocuoruroo <ft.1§Tc!Q)oego

B • • • •

A (319) 6)aJ6n5<fe§1CS2)6)S Oj1|efl.0(S(0C!yo m l <fl.0(Dio (aTB0i«2)1^)1<SgJ?

BA a/ locm? OTOOJOO (sniaja)1te«8u cnDocjê/ltoi miorra aiT§1ra^ cBoJ0<9j06)r!n

gofiBomoRjJ ai1|<ft>0(S

BA OIDCSaJOOa m l n®2© •6).aJ9£5jo?

B •* •A

B •A (BTOdojooa ônrro njosmsxxsb mftniooaia?

617

J t f oJOOQ)86nS ? fBTOnnffigj

IB •A (TfiCTfTio <9>0f0io rUQSTS (3TO65B6)CnOQ)06IT)<SgJO. m*l 6JOTO CT)1O3UCQ)1^JORJ&

fSTOJJD CDSgggo. «{j)ffi(TO>0 n ^ m i c & S GoJSiQQJOcSiCTTO. 6>6>3OJo

OJfD3(BIO)6)§. (3TB(ra)(S0Q) ag)m1<e«1<SnJ0Oo nJO0Q)OO9gge .

VOCABULARY

'sky''dark clouds''easiness''on the other hand''boring' . . .'to win, to pass''subject' • ''disgrace''to feel sorry''to guess''thickness of skin'

<9>§qJ<> • 'strong, bitter'

NOTES

13.53.1. Another type of conditional construction, which is formedby adding the suffix—<sra)<tft to the verbal participle of the verbconcerned, is introduced. • - ..

IDS' 6>n_l<$Ora5 . o J S <fljOCSJ)o.

If it rains there will be less heat.

an? 6)oJ9g)oejo

Even if it rains there will not be less heat.

13.53.2. "This conditional verb can be negated by using the negative participlefollowed by gDrtncrooraa which is formed by the addition of --«%i* tothe verbal participle of the auxiliary verb s><oi<98°.

njoitsaoswo) gDtroomorai CDT o«no(OJ<ea o.

If you don't study you will fail.njo1c9«)06)«5) gortBcrnoejo ml ccjno(oi<as>ngj.

Even if you do not study you will not fail.

UNIT 14

oJOCU

CONVERSATION

(groom: rooccu, cnT mnoofi <sqg)o

(ooou: , f i^ )on1t9« crumOQJo

RBCTTO?

fooco: a>°\

618

LESSON 54

(OOCJD

Radha, did you dothe work I entrusted?

No, mummy. Ididn't get time.

What were you doingso long?

I am making a prettydancing doll with,beads and nylon wirein the manner oursewing teacher taught

.US./! '

619

(sraam:' <ig)oj1<s>s (Bragg"? ml g6reo<9«cm ruoor 6tmo Where is i t? Let

ctbo oonra" ffcO6m6>§. ., me also see the doll

which you make.

room: sifciscioo (Braioo/lgigj. ajroieSaQjo, Jijsnfo, j{ jg not yet over.

g6n§u. I a m yet to correct

the eyebrows and lips.

c9>0£4<>, <ft.y^D6)mo3)0 emoag go Daughter , why are

its neck and the legs

moving like this?

rooto; (stago" (sraj cm rajocucotsgy (arotifflo? orooiico M u m m y , is it not a

Gojene <a>DBiAxx> (3T965Bon<s(3io)(3)(5g-)? dancing dol l?

Doesn ' t it need legs ofthat type?

rarogg cmrai. emoffig, mioDisratmoma OJCTD That is O.K. There

was a Jong note re-garding this in the

csrorg Aereic^j? , special issue of Mano-

rama which came daybefore yesterday?Didn't you see that?

nj6)e&fti 6T3)ocro cuocH/l.aj1gy. n_jo )cft> j s aw. B u t I d i d n ' t

(3i3)1(3b : <9306Troorn (D*1 (oi CQJI(tib g6n§0c96)1 GCT>O(0€)1 . r g a d . E v e n if I t r v t o

j o o i g j . 6T3)65sgs)s m a k e in t he m a n n e r

(3)<33(TD (DifBiictsD o § g iven in t he b o o k I

cn1<9s fficr)gy1ejooj8 . IHWIBSO, ^<D ajf53onr) c a n n o t m a k e it . I

iDooroo (§(B)flj5 sT^|(5 oroujfeO° oromcoo cBj ifeTwroj0 will u n d e r s t a n d o n l y

6i(33 (3)Qg)(Bi ôcru° gDS65i3on5 cojo<s3orra. st3>o the way o u r sewing

CTDO (3R>(5)1(35 <s sj(D(*§o ? aJD*lcTou 6ifiB tEocro t eache r t e a c h e s .

Mummy, next monthonwards our teacheris going to start atailoring class beyondthe school hours.Shall I also join ? Thefee is just Rs. 10 amonth.

020

(Broom:

roiegjrab

ta>otDô eras

i S s ?aryo, ae><m

icraocn*l

<sciJ6ne

*oou>:

The question of feeis not a problem. But,for your annual exa-mination, aren't there,only two more monthsleft? If you go on

oVle>oSo njo1<BTO)(!JTOfl6)dbr) <&o w i t h t h e m u s i c c lass ,

tailoring class, etc.,won't you—kzy-giri'sstudies be affected ?In each and everyletter that your fathersends, he enquiresonly about your stu-dies. You shouldscore more than firstclass marks for althe subjects.

Mummy, you pleasedon't worry aboutthat. Didn't I getthe first place in allthe subjects for thelast exam? For thiscoming examinationalso I will not leaveit to anyone e'se. Iwill not disappointyou and daddy, i willnot at all ruin the confidence daddy hasin me.

That is O.K. OnlyGod knows aboutthe things to come •Isn't it like that? Getup. It is time for usto pray. Shouldn'twe light the holylamp?

oDo eomoo cruoocoo ? OLKTBOD

6>6>ecu

CDOffio

621

D R I L L S • ' - " ' • ' • • ••-

A. Repetition drill •

a 1. roooJ cnamooa/l ajoiasar)2. tsrogB0 (BTOOJOO g6nso<eacro rei^So ojoojoo;06nB0. "

3 . figjgjo (sssoaiiajjo najc^cm (sraojfflg (aiÂcoaioîiigj? ,

b 1 . caiwisTOTO) ai'ooroo ODSorh (3ra> cejejôsmdiRninB0 onifflJBgo cnjO<8C!Q)o?

2. onrmocfi)1 n j o i ^ j cftgicSiCTg^

3. ffliPtaaoejgHS) cog 6i6woi.ft.oo

1 . OJC!8o

2 . (BB)§o nJOQJ

2 . ffisi^jnaSMOCJQ) (00(J06)CQ)

3 . (BtDCU(&<9« ffitU6TTg aJO^tajo 6D<D 6>6)ej(ffri)Oi C0)1 (08

B. Build up drill

Model ~

(3T90iCS2)Oo.

OTDOiCSDOo.

(TOfOgfflCJQ) og)g-)Onj(&c9Qo (BIOOiCQJOo.

o J O g "

ruog ojasicc) ororog6)oa)

^ O o m"looi60T3TRs8 oJOgnJOsiCQJ CTUfDgfflOQl

(BIDOiOQJOo.

1. ^jmroi^j COJOOQ/1.

622

0 % ccnnnooj"

afl<3 r l .a2)u

(Bra)

ffiCT)«noru° gDcmsiai

0 % toon^'icQ) ecrxmonj

(sra>

(JaJOCQ)T .

2.

6>c&>06n| onscsscrr)

C -Restatement drill

Model 1

(a) rijofs OJO^CTD oruirei

(b) oroTtw njo^mn d-io§°

1 . ccnonjoejrft njejToo) ru l§

• ; 2. roocp croamoono ci

' 3 . roaiOTTfl crojnjucr)o

4 . S°)-aJ<?> rUOOo

5.6.

onsaacnr) (3T3)g<a.6ig

623

7 . 6tB)6Bi3Oo lyjommsfltrib

8 . fOOneJOJOft OTTOffilEroidW) c8j6TT§.

9 . nQGtdbo <mnA"as>a

1 0 .(aroma am <a>i_a ruo6toroj .

Model 2

(atB>errau

2. (araooooo

3 .

4 .

5. Qj1|scacnijDri5

Model 3

(3ra>6nou

g6nsu. >•

(a)(b)

1 . (3T9) O

2 . o )CT)1c

3 . (3TB(Bgftn(!ita)1nD

4.5.

ggg

nJ6rT)o

CTUJSOOJO

Model 4ajgTcfeOocds njejaopoo soJ6mo. >•

(a ) ruejnnorao arums <fe§1<a>oo

(b) <e3§1<S5C»ce« cmsne

1. (Dogruirts o-jn%j<ft>o cojemo.

2 . .n^)0Di<9S rLJ6mo GOJ6TDo.

3 . (sronj0.aiooro xij^nnjggo (SOJSTDO.

4 . enDomoruioD ajosta>aj1§ CCUSIDO.

5 . AfflfiJtowiina cssoej1<9s)O(t)1s)(!Q)

624

Model 5

rooôjioo cranrugo ciio&rBs

( a ) toonjgo oJ0O65i36ne root§.

(b)1 ' . o(j)cr>lces cu")§ cucs2)ocB«6TT)o.

2 . §

3 . (n_]aoos1orou oruicntooo"

4 . fOOCOSiu aJOOo

5.

Model 6

rooojisej r^)6mTocju

1 . <6J§1 momoocyi

2 . roocDni <snno§ejiR5J GOJOOSDI

3 . croTnn oJO^nJOsifljimgAorra0

4 . c&ipi 6>oj§1 6>oj§1 oolorro0

5 . <&6T0T!S>o <&3<t>GmtGl&mstGfO)u §060131

6 . aujwji c&)g§t96>s(nBD<B30«B6)s ^ 6 > s

7 . nig)ecTO)O (Bra>cej0jijT^s)<ft>06n§ oascno CDSCTTO

Model 7

c o a o s m i t o i cruocrooroi^j tejOfoô fficn§ma.

oroocrooro1<0sarr> csmioiooj0 cfcoroô ecn§onro.

1 . c f s o e / l s)jaJ(g) rooêjcuoJ c/ocrugnjo

2 . S)nJ6nS<ft>§1 o j o a i g6neo<06)1

3 . m»oa>giEB onscns" tes^Tcea n j o n i (URBCTIB.

4 . maiswrn CSJJOIJO) rBroco)^" (STOUD cejoajjcna.

5 . m ^ j cniai ioMsoBQgn-jool £B0(g3)o a o A f f l m i ^ 0 rairoccyooa

6. aios<fti

7.

6 2 5 • " • - • •

D . S p l i t u p d r i l l . •' • •' . ; ' ' '

Model 1 •••> ;••:;•;

a . 1 iSibioiO)" CnjOQeroorro.

a . 2 <3T»I»D cai6rota)i6)m oruu<scnnio(B(Bnj)06)s CCOOCSQCTO.

1 . raiaaiE .eigiaoa; €ft>6n|o o ® g j o g i n j o j o mo<a«(Tni.•

2 . crorags)CQ) crou<scnao1eea(TD Aasocb tswcusig eajejôemo c9>»'1<96)oaft

3.

4.

5 . 6>c9.osTaj1 cnstsanD oruroggg0 aajerraojitaJoDinrro oj»<aa <fl>1|frra.

Model 2 •

b. 1 r u ^ r u i o r a oDgj <m,nr>0(0o ta.1§1.

b . 2 r u ^ uxxoogo ruoioJ cnttiicftiT.

1 . SOST GfUOQQJ eft.gg6)(D SrUOEjT CT\ltaiOt5

2 . tTO(ai 6)f!JTS)n_joo1 (a_)mjoco1^6)ca.06n§ CDSOD

3 . §5ft^ ra>^j roocu

4 . eosT<5n_jOCffl (snj6naoj1na 6njrro°

5 .

Model 3

OJSIDO g g g fsra)g(9>O3

C . I . <3ig>g«9)Oo<9a nJ6TT)o

1 . crojcnj)o <a>oqgg

2 . ng)| f63§1c%ggg

3. 63(53 cgoiaygg go's ailgicTOo cijosifti

4 . a>o<s>ogo e)nn69iji9>gg§ Q^fogflrrmie

5. rLgjaomos rru°amnoo ggg oi^gcftog emomo oruu8cnnn1c9acr». '

43—3 CIIL/M/80

. - % ' . - • • . '

626

Model 4

2 . otaooiooo

1 . <TycB(t)1cQ)O0Qi

2 . aJ6TDt96>0r&m0CO) (STB)

3 . aauoe|.oocQi

4.

5.

Model 5

2 fsraj njOf^cft.o ffl«8

1 . (atocgnrxoroiicw ccusre (Bruon

2 .

3 . raouugg cojffns

4 .

5 .

Model 6

aarrw.

1 . rooougg raic^jrai

2 . foou>

2.

ng)Cn_joyo

(T)i6iSBOoc96lOic!Q)0(SlllO?

<D ni(t53nnoT6KT)n_joon raraoTcaigj.

acroocooft

cftsoaHejo

OOJCSTDO?

foocu (3taaBHsasD0§

cnjo<ft>6mo.

csroaai

Aisoceaane •&§! OJCTTO?

3 . nuooo ruo ioaoers A§1<a>oo oroimlai c9>3emoci%

4.

5.

cns<9aorra.

•611


Model

(a) 6raioni

(b) (313) JU) gj g | g j

( a + b ) wnorii OJOCSDI^J nLjrtâio ^co jooo gonji6)s jjggj.

1 . roomni

cr)1cnas)OicQ)oa(BO? .

2. (SaJ^ji sfldb

8 . CBTOIBE n J a J S o

4 . <fl.§1<es

5 .

(8TD(Sgnf)(5t!nTs)or) ODTODCSS0 raraoTstorojôs?

0)1601300

7 . raracsjJOOo (Sanogejirob ojg6)fD<96>oejo

tsrocsaoooasyidruooo a i T f i f f l e j <3ia)nooroo r u

8 . foosam n j ^ j c o a o l O J I O Q cnsmo.

9 . A § 1 ' oroJoj°rr>o <ft>6TT|.

(319) CrOJnLj°CT)«5TOTi(a5

1 0 . CDifflJBOoiSS oJfoTcftM

1 1 . S*l^yA oJOOo

OB) n_ioo«jiB)1(a5 mTcrro a a j o a ^ a j o cuonro.

1 2 . <9>§1 .fliOOo 6)aJ»).

13.

628

1 4 . m l njocu g6nsOieaofTO.

15. r )6)Ciio cuigitoi 65«B § § g

(TO) nJ§1<9a§T6>cs2) snnoriJ cnioDe&a (tncoOo.

1 6 . ffis)ooomooo

raw) 6imocB aorrao

1 7 . <9i§1 c f tg i ^

1 8 . (STOOJOoêe s"laiT€9«>6mo.

(TOj O J » T 6)6)3fUonj)6)cm A

1 9 . OTroognno (3% rrooenjiwrmioro cruocaaii (BT9><Seft>6rBicij(Tni.

2 0 . (ST i flitioodJ (sroccm airoi^GtiJOcsiii.

aoonrso s*lo/l<e«an9.

F. Completion drill

Modela. 1. ejfWlie. cnonnocffli n_io§crtD.

a. 2. orxmooan ruo§onr) ainj)1<&6)oa) or>1cn<9su ?

a. 3. oncmocafi njo$arr> ejra)1<9)«csD an1cn<effloiQ£2)1(sgj?

1 . iSsgitftiOocea cwso 00J6ID0.

c».§1<ft)Oo<fl«<Saj6n§ rU>Po

2 . (STDQQJOOo

3. a^fflcflo cajgnJ (Biasniro1c9S)0cy1(oi

4". g q

§cj6nj1s)oio gaaio^j oiooafi.aj 6nnona gooni

5. anna rru1oo1(BOQ)1(oi igroeicnoo/icaacno.

(Bt9®1CD0ttl1<da(TD (SnOlE ?

taweioncsDicsaonr) cruicnim CDi6aBo> . , ... . . . 1

629

6.

7.

8 . (Broom c s o e j i 6>.ojm)6>c0iO6ns1f33arn).W

9.

10 .

1 1 . ag)ynj)1 a ^ y t w i ag)s>oao fflfflcft eajBor>1<0sorra.

am oiso

1 2 . CTOJOTO)O <fl)Ofoô moonro° OTOCOJOOO (3T0(D ro3S)S cftooô sonoascTTD.

" <5cr)0<sacTD

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the given words.1 . fflnDOOTtaocnocruoT — oruJa_i umo fEDroig-jooofirajcrro. (<ft.o6nz>u)

3.

4.5.6. ^

7. a^)6)om cros^gg (srajgTsciD arooob

8. 6nnorii

9.

10. assoeji

1 1 .

1 2 . cngjcunft tooffiocn n^gjoairtBo 6njggiD0cn1(9acTW. ((B%6ri!)u)

630

II Fill up the blanks suitably.

2 . ogjonic&a — ojnj j . f t .0 eo<s s>6>ej(gryoTco>1<s£j ' I

3 . roooii6iej(ni5)onr) C O J O Q " mtodb

4 . cajsratmimcgj njocoi <^Se ?

5 . ng)CT>1<9a SXSCSDIOS gDcrflogJo

6 . (B(2J)TS)CQJ rara)§1arou

7 . (oooj1s>ej i^nnraJ (aToajsraroj roogcuina" (sanj"asneiC&a <a>cgjTRJ3cr>Tcrn>

oaTiftoi <ft>1§1.

8 .

9 . mioft flfajoroo (STOOJO5

1 0 . or)O§1ra4 (ejîaj jom eora^6>csj) eArarmoaiiora o roaso c twoom i .

11.12.

Ill Split up the given sentences into pairs of sentences.

2.3 . 613)00^ £DCTT)6iej CT)i6)CTT) ta)06TT)1^J (Tj(T^<ft>o gDOtyOOo (3T!>nj(5(9ao <SOJ

4 . amoriS mTmisTOTOioonro" cnionaaoncm g§<v-|u ool

5 . n^)cr>1a« cft>O(S6Tr)6ng miggi g

6 . 6njacu1(a4 CSJCQIOIQQ) roocoai (?mj1ej6>«5t!n o ro ioo i ta i

7 . ônD6>ej rooêjojaimooQitS ^ s e w s l o a ^ o c r u i t s i stnoaoo

8 . 6moc& aoctxmft&sicm cftoroô mionQasissrafflcr) rarooicaiOo?

9 . ru.ojff)njgg(m!J)T(tft t f t g i ^ j fSTDQ§af)iOTin1aro njenT cucna.

1 0 . 6t5)oab ajos<ft.ggu n )§(OTB) tu

1 1 . r j)or>1<e« <BaJO<Sce>sns 6nj r ru

1 2 . (Bra)Ccy1roo nga\jca)60T3Oo g g g

IV Combine the given pairs of sentences using verbal adjectives.1 . roog| <6>LO

aroiooi fB«)

2 . 6injsnbc6j§1 arojn_j°or>o

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

dbrtGroracijAnu

goryooo m>m

(BtOOJOo oJO^n.

(Staojfflg r^mi

(sraj oroiorfiu) e

019) (£/)0(Bo C1J£

(Sracs2)00o cne j

631

o 6I!5)6!n30o 6J(tB CU*I§ CUO6513T.

Oj1fO^c06>OCf5 CaJ0t93(TTD.

<9«>o (3TOOTcS2JOo .

cryWlf l f l (S«e1cna»1^.

mminsa (mo,Bcron<e«m!).

(vj jcasioT njTejot9acn9.

8. raroorra mifflrtio cu1§1(!5b e m <9i§1 cucrra.

(si?) c6j§T6Kn) or/I gocn_|ooo aoAamiceacmicgj?

9. rar^coflroo ru4crj,jcft>60T3Oo Ota) 6)6>ej(gryo1cB)l(oi genf°

(8ragDu ojeJioca 6)6)ej(gyoT orogj.

10.

1 1 . ngjonTaa" stm OJS@ g>6nf

1 2 . ra

(BTOCUOo 6)CUQtiW!n CTUlIlCSDo

V Rewrite the sentences converting the underlined verb forms to theircorresponding verbal adjective forms.

1 . cuigirai ojcnro C&OJVJT A S I ^ J eraioni ms<as)Oor>1o6SBi.

2 .

3. (aroaffinoQ) OJ1§1^J cnsmro" <fti§1

4 . njooo ojotff lT^ OTOCIJOO a^jgjoo iiicnmjTejo<96>1

5. (STOOQJOOO COJCOO COJCOO sosT nnocaiTrai

6.

7.

8.

632

9.

10.

IBOCYTO

nj1a3)1^6)<ft>06ns1(33anf8° (Hros'gano

VI Convert the given sentences to their corresponding verbal adjective formsand use them in sentences of your own. Wherever possible give morethan one sentence. Follow the model.

Model

<9)O6TT00rro.

cnnonrrocrra.

2 . romsmi (DTejcuigisa

3 . (3taani8 aja oootBo K n j i ^ ta>Tscrrao65i3n.

5 . fDoêjcunJ Gmejcju1ta>ofoi6>oo)

6 . 6TU)0ni mnarVl6roro)ocrTD

7 . a^)6in5

8 . (3n>G§nf)o ojsmo

9 . CT)0ro0Q

1 0 . ratBtuÔoj<fl.ob croicorooq0 o j a i i aa rno .

1 1 . msni-co g"3 cejOcferarmT

1 2 . 6TO)0CiJ GoJCD c&>§6T0T!?)

VOCABULARY

rxCEJo

(T>1aiai1gt96)°

' to entrust ' ^SJED"

'nylon' oojrai

'dancing doll ' njra1<a>o

' l i p ' rfbygiKD"

' t o m o v e ' cun(ic/9oiio(o5(2-jfiS)T

'manner' tinioru"'annual examination''to be in danger' crftcoouo&g^gmi"'result''to pray chanting God's name''the holy lamp made out of metal'

'bead''thread''eye brow''neck''special issue''fee'

'to disappoint'

633

NOTES

14.54.1. In this lesson verbal adjectives or relative participles are introduced.

14.54.2. Verbal adjectives are formed by the addition of the suffix -raw afterthe tense suffix.

a.

The child who studies will pass.

The child who studied passed.(UfOJo

Don't worry about the things to come.

14.54.3. Please note that after the future tense suffix -§°> the verbal adjec-tive suffix -;<3TO is not added. The future form itself functions likeadjective. Compared to past and present verbal adjective forms,future form is used very rarely.

ajo60Bi(ijto)(@ Get me a dancing doll.

14.54.4. Note the verbal adjective forms of defective verbs and copula verb,

a. amices0 rusroo g6ri|o I have money.8u ggg nLj6mo The money I have.

b . n§cr)1<ea n-jajj<a>c. Gai6mo I want the book.

(5OJ6ng " a j a j ^ 7 The book I want. i'/i>

c. rooou orvreroi tsatsna". Radha is beautiful.roocu Beautiful Radha.

UNIT 14

LESSON 55

CONVERSATION

aj(&o3a(BTO)1(sej6)oa2)OOQ)T.

What are the newsJohny ? Even thoughfour to five days havepassed since I camehere I have the luck ofmeeting you only now.More than ten yearshave passed since weparted. So youshould teil everythingin detail.

634

635

OEJO? nnoorxsgj mqonosriS

Oj1(S8</9CTU613ajOroT I (OTOCI& t9>O6TT)O<tJTO) CT)O§o

<9>06TT>1cfl6>0nao 6561<96> CB)CT)1 t8«>(8gj

ca.g6)0Q)ffiso. o_io. eajsngorann a.oraô

6ro)ooii

asonro? aetsst

csosmi: aocono

o_i1s>om?

(aro6UT3S)or>

(lffl6)OOSfiiK3 (DSgaSCCTDO ?

If you ask about thenews to me (what amI to tell) ? Aren'tyou the out-sideMalayali ? The foreigntraveller! Is therea place which youdidn't see and personswith whom you didn'tmingle? In that casearen't you the personwho has much moreto tell and show ?Mine is a story ofsuffering.

Don't joke. Tell me.Do I ask any thingunwanted? What areyou doing now ? Didyou get married ?

Yes. I don't have thedisqualification thatI am unmarried.

Then ?

Then what am I totell ? I have my wifeand two children.Somehow we aremanaging.

What do you mean bythat ? Have you takenover the responsibilityof your father's busi-ness ?

636

c<aoo<a€)6>§.

63CTT9

nJOOQJOo. 6)oJ6iJSg6)S

<SJ6)O

m s«JtB)1. (TO)

' . . I • , • • " !

ranxsaaitsso, eomo o^)S)cm

(ormprai enstodb mgo

I don't want to tellabout business. Inshort there is no bur-den or worry which Idon't have now. Whydo you need that ?You tell about your-self. Let me hear.'Don't try to avoid.Tell me everythingcleaily.There is not much usein telling. Still I shalltell you. My fatherhad to sell even hisshop to pay off thedowry for my eldersister's marriage. Inaddition to that hetook some loan also.He conducted themarriage grandly. Butwith that marriage hisbusiness stopped. Fa-ther became ill andwas bedridden also.Within six to sevenmonths, having en-trusted to me the res-ponsibility of two un-married sisters and mymother, father died.Since then I am struggl-ing with the never end-ing debt. A petty pan-shop is my only solace-Didn't you try fora Government job?

637

C S 3 6 T D 1 : CT)1OT)

oj1os6re1ajcrts.c s o e / l <s>§

erui.aQ

oraG6nso?

orujCRnniocsDi ©.aJogjoaS uu rna ronnocs io

CD°I

aonrao

c<s«)O <soj6ne1

sfS3

ersionfl

gesôcncruncmo onaajos

cfl)LQ6>C!Q)061t96>

OD"1

00*1

Even you who passedthe M.A. in first classhad to leave the placewithout getting a jobhere. Then do youhave to ask about mewho didn't even com-plete B.A.?

The Government hassome plan to providefinancial assistance tothe unemployed youthto start some occu-pation on their own.Didn't you apply forany of those things?

There is nothing leftto try. In our statethere is no Minister o rOfficer whom I haven'tseen or a placewhere I didn't go toget some job or help.But in this period ofcorruption there is noprotection for poorpeople like me.

Don't be disappointedto that extent. For allkind of suffering thereis an end. I understoodthe story you told meso far. But amidst thissuffering how did youhappen to get married ?You didn't tell me

638

(Bragg csajfflo

''.b OTOo QOJ6rBO«St5)

(SB)

OJCTTD.

6)<ft>O6n§rucTT!>.

g i 001000/") (33010.

rasni 6>rvj63i3o»o(036>s That is another story.

Wasn't I having theresponsibility of twosisters ? For one ofthem our Ouseph Sirbrought a good pro-posal. That was aparty who didn't wantdowry and other things.But instead I had tomarry that boy's sister.

6T3)0CTDo

(Sia(Tn1e/)(8n-jo ojc/suooraonjo acTTDo (snnoorra j hope you

regret it.don't

(BI9) 6ifS3

aio.

No. Not at all. That-is the only thing inwhich Lord has blessedme. I got a very affec-tionate wife. Come,don't you want to seemy wife and children?


a.2 . (3%flBo (siDoToQiorortn (&@> rannoroô m l

3 . 6SCB c s o e j i (a tocoD joMi^ snstodb

4 . ri<j)6KTO0 t&.qgjitOj 6Dg-)O«5T0> rUSTDo STO)OOJ

5 . (sroruooaa caiffnso«jtm cftoroiOTrroiejo

; £Dci/l6>s

2 . ruoemrnodb nniraoRrror oj1atraoM£B6ns°

3.

2 . foajaj)6>s

•3.ruroiruosi

fDCTT)6HBIB) rUOOo

oroolSTOTOJ?

01(05o ?

njooo)oo5.

639


6)<9>06n|0LJ(n9.

cnosofl

s<?B mosoft

OJCTTO.

mO6TT)o lB0O0(8T0)

ooo6rr>o moooRjTin aasi onosoft sxvjgmiam fsrocsaooo

<B]OsrT)oraro», CDOSIDO mooorotn* ana onosoib

OTOCQJOOo c9)ejÔ6TT)o e 9 j * 1 ^ j S><a>06nfOJ0nTO.

(319)

63flB rUtfCOJ OjO^j tS jo (319)

O-1065B0(!Jt0> 63(03 rUtfCSD rtjnrjjjdSjo (319)

63(03

2 . curtBo.

(siajg<9>6ig enjaOmocnTcewooii onmj)6>s cnogitBi

mogirai n®© <snj(5

640

3. gent".

4.

a<])ayi<fle6nto.

QJ1|<9>0(!86)S orueawooMOjo

oraj ojifjaioriBQs avjcamoniinjo

C- Restatement drill

Model 1roocu §

« 9 I § 1 6 > C Q ) <a>06IDO(OIB)

1 . fflorwo oJoT<9«)Osi(OT rooffio5

2 . oocrnooo/l n-io§ ruoso6>(0) 6)o_i6n5<aj§1 rroomocn

3 . (SiUoa1j(!JTa)1a9u grannroo njooa'06)rtr> eai6rt8 §oo6oi3T m s a a m o ?

4.-. cniOTBOoeas0 n )ys)fljro)f«r>os)ro> IBQOJSI

5.6.

Model 2

a. "J0!

1 . €fii§1<9>oo njejnDOcoo nnlonrocTftigj.

, 2 . mrtJimooQ/l § g ^

3 : raooiggj 0J6ID0 aoj6ne.

'4.5.6..

7.

8 .

9.

1 0 .

<mnr>am,

eruoem'cru(&c9«)0

f0ffl6TDT

3° e9.^)OJSo

dbgy" applet

roanoruô o.

641

cnssmnicsiiigj.

D. Transformation drillC T ) 1 6 5 B O O

1 . rUOi^J cfligi SSCfifl.aj.

3 . <3TC>QQX)O3 (SnJ0<93Cm CTU£ieJ6>(t)T!J)06)<e«) 670)0090

4. mini eftyiaamn Ag i GOJCOO

5.6.

7.• 8 . Oji8^0(%LQieft.6)g OJWC965 nJOOymD

9.1 0 . OD°I 0^)^(0)1001 (SO) cfcLO 6tZS)0ab- nQ)6G136)<T) OJOCQli tftOffl

E. Reinterpretation drill

Model

2 .

3 . maiottiogo oraoiooJOfsro) ^ g a r o |Docn0g1oi]1(3i o ruoo roo ra i ^

4 . ancmooQii (arajaoocDo <ft>«>n<96)0(!jnj) a r v j f f n j A g i c a c g g60i3s>m

5 . 6)cft>0^J cej6TaT3363t3Oo ^gJOWTO) a^)6)05o a/)§1(8£J CT)i6013Oo

6 . caJosicSfaoaS rar^snossraoo g o g j o t a t m - a j i g i c e j ^ @ ° o ^ .

7 . oj1ja><96)ai orogjoaynn rarajgTfflcn aioijgciri OTDOJOO •ft>ej^06mo

8 . ' cfcrocaoimm (ftgicces) <uorai

9 . nJfOCjyfDo <TUu(SfOfiDTcS«)0(!jra>

1 0 . <ft>gf)o nJOOQIOimO) O T ^ g A C g O e s (3K)agnf)o

44—3/CHL/M/8O .

642

F. Combination drill

Model

(a) qjnnejogi fu°t§

f}}\ (313) OJ*l§T(!j5 6TO>0CiO

63CTTOO

smoab f

2 . eajuo<gjt5 cfcooo

5 . fOOSOft (OOOJ6K3Q) gDoy6>ri_|§<Trfl g j .

fOOCJOCXJa fDOS6)0T)

6.

7 . (BTOffignDo orufa iô

' (Hto(sg

8 . tmaa/T

E) CT)i0n<9«)OiCC)0<SlBO?

9 . QQ)O(2)<0S)Otoaft s i <e«>6)oo§(iJr5)T g j .

3 . raw)

(Sid) GnJ^" nj i61CTD CDlEBCo a^SWSffXT) OJOQO/1 t96)6m o ?

4.

10.(319) cfl3§T6)QQ> mT6!SI3Oo

EXCERCISES

I Fill in the blanks using the correct form 6f the given word.

2. mnaoMiSKO — — - moiuajora" njemetm!) orouccDnr)1c9fi)OQj

<a>naj6)n_||

momdb

cuis"

<n°\ OJ IOQ

,(3tO(B§aDo,

3 .

4 . 0O6m

5.

6.

7.

8.

9. (TO°^g

1 0 . OJ IS^ — — !E(JTB/1

1 1 . o^)fnni womb <a>gs)ca>oo

1 2 .

643

arcnooS

cq>sm g

nJ6mi6)0Q)§<9aecmaiflg_|*

<9>1§0(iSTiJ)

SCTTDo


2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9 . .fljggo n_IO6T3T3>0(!J5 g g g (OcftMCSJJo ^ 6 1 S — (5ia>c83

CT)S0nO(BaJ0CSDi .

<TOocroorol<e«i6>§?

t9i§n<ft>co gocsnjooo cnumoo njosvsttnoasb

c93s1<S6)0(sra), n je jnr ioroo m l

1 0 . nJO0Q)O6iro>

CTUMDOCOo 0fVlCT)t9Q (BIOOo.

1 1 . nnTrootOTB) ojAratmiEOCDo onicomo^

1!?., nJOinjiaJOdfl oJOOo gO6TB0?

644

HI Negate the underlined verbs in the given sentences.

jo^° or>"l'

2.

3.

4 .

5.

6 .

7.

8.

9.

oiliiegggojevD

m(jw>i6)co) t raej j

(B0O(3)0O_fl6KT) 6K

6SO6TD0 (BT^CêjO

croi cnfDOQOj e j i

snioQiDixnidaaan r^g, m

.agjsaimofiKm s>oa>t,o cms

uqascm mracusm ^jotagi cr

nMiaeCTT. OJ1S U fDCSnJOfo CSd

<D<So_!<&a]1<06>O(OTn rooêjnje

arfxoi.nfflsoBsxncrtKMbf?

S.tDgrSTmiRA gDCgJ?

10. iaejcojogicfcoo ggg

IV Combine the given sets of sentences using appropriate verbal adjectives.

1 . 6>rLj6n&c9!§T CTUJfl_l°CT)o

2.

3.6T3)0nJ

4. cgqaaooJ A S

5. ^ ^gojigjmaaifDi (sra)<pc9)-oo(a« ojitrajocronjo

6. rêjoojfoiejo cngj

7. g

o (srocgano (sojfflo semifflODajoolaj)o .a/I oralaacmT gy.

8.

9.

1 0 . i^nniBBsicta KTrt/lKn<OT0>1ra5

645

V Split the given sentences into single sentences.

1 . I2<T>1c9aO<OT5) (flj§i61QQ)n_jOOiC!!J)o,

o_|oo1csj)o crfisseoo agjamioro"

2 . in(25ii6>oo) cBjOffmooS men^^cmsnnocfi

3. c&gitaiOo gggJOliJTO) OjT?"., njTS0G6TD0?

4 . cncmocffil ajroTdftfti o^ynni somoo crumBocr).. njORrai^j rooô/lexD cflj6n|o

5 . tvJSVDo ^

6 . nj(5oM6!SBOo(ea (5n%o_iu ruforryroo ojiroiorarojeajoca) eoroô

GCTX)i9S>1 .O

7. i j |^<aj§osnj(2_jorasnju<jus)(TiT3)fiJOoT

8 . snnooi ojocsDiaaoffliOT o_jo^<9)6aT3C5g go's s inej igryoicoj i ro i

• 9 . eororoiKmniraS cunBOD cru5iaJ0roT<ft>oo GAragrartniraS oj(t>06wn

(araaj(ft<ea° gsrEOAcm onoô ruraloDroicasioaft (5ra)S)«)6)<9«)bsn§ cruoooicsao?

1 0 . tsratfiiafmi CTTIOOTTO) ooogirai fflrDqfyGajscr)T<s«)0S)(3)T 0

VI Rewrite the sentences with emphatic —^ and — g^ without changing themeaning.

1 . c9><3go nJCXSJOtBTB) c9i§1<ft>S>

2.

3.4.5 . cuosc& O J T § ° c9)1§0(i5T!n o r u o e j ^ 0 a^)fn1<sau oruoejo

6 . nJ6TniBig:)O(!Si!5)njc?)<9a'J oraoiicSjOroago ^ ^ j .

7 . cftrooojorarm t9jg1.ee ruora* <ft.1§1^j.

8 . cnonoooo/l oosorara) njcsjao0 cruffloaraTmiaa0 6rurruocj\}0ri&oi6>ej<!jro)0n&

9 . r u o i ^ j o jooo nJro*l<a>uggaj<T>1gj.

10.

646

VII Rewrite the sentences using negatives without changing the meaning.l'._ (BT»(S§aOo cfljOaji cBiS'l.g/leg GaJOrffe.

• 2 . .T-I6TDO gggs aj1sj<a>O(%(B(9s> rarog)" orooouigs.

3 . OJiaitoo (BIDOIOTOTCS) cnoêjoero a i (@.

4 . <9>So aJO6B13i.gJ (SIBjCSg a .n^S )a ; j | gg e .

5 . cgomoo raiicojraii cgrocsgaoo £DO/ IS>S QJCTT)T(B§

6 . nJO§OD S)rU6n5(93§TS)QD) (EO(g)(StB (StOOQJOOs

7 . ojegraioasHcQ) O J 1 § 1 G E J

8 . o-Jn-JS

9. (mam1 0 . fflidb gs)sne89jTGej tsraiaoorao

VIII Answer the following questions with reference to the conversation.

nJ6TTSS>flST&>

2.

3.

4 . GgO6m1

... . 5 . GKO6rrn<j

6 . (SSSO6TD1

VOCABULARY

<9>So

6)raJ60Y3Oo

(STDQWlT

'to part, to be separated''foreign tourist''suffering''defect, disadvantage''to avoid''dowry''to complete''loan''to flop, to collapse''sister''to be in a fix, to suffer''economic assistance''corruption''end, stop''responsibility'

CBQCDOSCTJ

QOSnJS'cft."

'outsider''to mingle'

'business''use''amount''shop"'grandly'

cft/lsrupaiocft,0 ' to be sick''father''to complete''plan'

CTAOOQJ" ' t o be full'|DSCOO<9JU ' to happen'ojomjoronnoajo 'repentance'

647 •'

NOTES . ' . ' . x"

14.55.1. Negative yerbal adjectives are introduced in this lesson. . ,. '

44.55.2. Negative verbal adjectives are formed by the addition of —(3Ta>roro> tothe verb-stem.

There is no place which Kurup didn't see. ,

6T3WO& nJOSOOTO) n-JO§° OTSClJOo nJOST . : .

The song which I didn't sing, she sang. .

14.55.3. Note that — m>«n® the negative adjectival suffix functions only asan adjectival suffix when it is added to defective verbs like

g, a n d

a., ccu)3<§>o|=jo(trro> rfflrocoraooeess"

What does he know about medicine when he is not a doctor ?

OjSTDo

Nobody respects me who doesn't have any money.

She enquires about things which she doesn't need!

If the money is not sufficient you ask daddy.

14.55.4. Note the expression'the debt which will not be over evenif we try to pay off, never ending debt.'

14.55.5. In the sentence <^'The business flopped with the marriage,' ._ '

the word cftajiosmGraroos^si can be substituted by

indicates the same meaning of association as —

crou(5cr>nr>efijns>o6is oJ06rairo>n. j ' t o l d a f fec t iona te ly '

. o r VT ojneroraj. J

UNIT 14LESSON 56

CONVERSATION

a£)cni6>c0s>o«B A L Q

dfcLD.

s ? Appu, haven't youns> slept yet ? I had. spread the mattress for

you long back.

afxosrho- <fi>LD Mummy, you shouldgO6mo OJ(©. tell me a story. I can

sleep only if I hear astory.

648

649

c o r a l . n $ g o u e&Lo eaj6rr>o

(3toaaarufDi<s«iOf5i!5) (s

or)1or><96>°? fsro

OLjsjQj.gj <3I(QSSB

<9>LO GOJ<S6mO?

O.K. Which story<jo VQU want now ?JS the story of thelamb which didn'tobey the mother suffi-cient? Or do youwant the story of themonkey which dividedthe cake ?

(BTB)

OJT§T(OJ

6(t!3 c&LQ

(3I8OiCQ)0(S£B0?

(3TD65i3s>(D oJ06TOTO>ociy5 n § o r / l a s

ca.§(s<ft.|o < )or)1aa° ffinni i a m fed up of hearingthose stories. Duringthis Onam vacation

m§y didn't we go to uncle's. (BToamcQj" 0 am, ALQ house ?. There, Santha

ALDc&ffig n^micea" Chechi told me astory. Do you knowthat story? I want onlysuch stories.

If you tell like thatml OJO. will I • understand ?

What kind of a storyis that ? You tell.

AOQJ.OI ,

cm

6rrrgD°.

(5iaqgj<scg|0

That is the story ofthe brave prince who ina flying saucer crossedthe seven oceans andmarried and broughtthe beautiful Princesswho was dreaming andlying on a golden hang-ing cot.

O J £ J 1 O Q ) t9>LD6)caiO(TK)o (3TD(BBOQ)UC9«>0 M y g o o d h e a v e n s !

Grocer)? I don't know such bigi stories, my son.

650

(BTOc tstaoiD a o n D o e e j o ^ j i ^ cono

. <BT§>

g6n§ooo)1 cmcm.

n|j)onT <96io cfeLD tsrool Gsrarai

(BTSo

nQ)6SBG>m

njoicserm

. ClJOo (3TOC1J16>S tUOfOOgs a_JCTf^<ft,S!SBOo

^ J u cft>La<&>6)<3O6)t96>

cm1§"

riJOQCMlO?

rarocaa: 6t3)0CT)1Oj i6)S

, ruejanoroajo

raraiffiejo^Ji Mummy, you pleasefflocnj try to think it over.

If you try you willremember. ThatPrincess had sweet

' mango perfume, gol-den complexion andhair that was. blacklike the crow and longlike the snake.I don't at all knowthat story. Only ifI know I need toremember. Is it notlike that ?

If you don't know thenhow does SanthaChechi know ?If you ask such ques-tions I • will be per-plexed. Isn't yoursister Santha a collegegirl ? She will readthere a lot of books andunderstand the stories.Then if any one of youasks she will immedi-ately tell. There maynot be any story thatshe doesn't know.Can I do like that?

Why can't you ?If I will be readingbooks who will pre-pare meals and tiffinfor you and yourdaddy ?

e9i>P

OTD

651

(3TDn <&>LO ruocjreracsatB ?

(3TSCDE aJOCQJOT) cftiLDcfti6)gO

61,06)

• (mos)(inos)c9ffl n£)6iri5o e93§1c96)0ej<2i2)0

ojosroiajroicrn ta>ixic9)g06nau

Is it that one can tellstories only if onereads the books ?Isn't there any otherway ? Then fromwhere did you learnthe stories, that youtell me?

Those are the storiesour granny told mein my childhood.

cnracggo?

3)raro)c/zp<s«>u S>OJQO einscuraraiTcsoboo D i d y o u r g r a n n y

<9jLD<ft>oo modern (SIDoi (HJOEOcoil oss Jjnow on ly the stories

fooscS3iBoronBocD36is <93LD<ft>s)§ocnoo o f G o d a n d a n i m a l s ?

nJos1fc)oaQ)T«BGcma? Didn't she know the

stories of the Princes.

(swam: gco63BgS)s' <9)i_Dcft,s)gonnroo

raw

<0jfO63T3S)CT)

e>m6iajGajsoD moooonb

gjoronn - raraj ^WKSEJSIS C&>LD

So what ? Don't youlike the stories ofanimals ? Then fromtoday onwards I am

not going to tell suchstories.

It is not like that,i^0-1 Mummy. I like all the

stories. I like the storyof that foolish croco-dile which tried tocure the chest pain ofits wife by making thesyrup out of'the liverof the monkey. Mum-my, you please tell methat. That is a storyI like to hear againand again.

cue/lau

652

VOCABULARY

(ataoacroroicsa"

OL_IOf96Jo rtJ)g$1c9D

•flÔSiaOgid},

raosAffloroi

fflOQJSOlS"

ojocnj"

online

roej^si

6)6)8OJo

<e,ra§°

fflcnsrajoajacn

qxmoi-

EXERCISES

la. Combine the1. (yoocwi-j-Cj

O n <~H • 1 n f,jit • CO33 ' ~T~o:'3c

3 . (STDaJOjTCT

' to obey' fsranjo

'to share ' c&roisoBai

'flying saucer' ASCSS

' t o CrOSS' nJDf!J)Og<seJO<ft>o

'glass palace' croj gfpo'hanging cot ' crojajucno <a.06rn)0

'princess' ojTforoos<9>QijraoS

'to doze, to be intoxicated''ripe mangoes' &o<a®'snake''long—that which is lengthened'' h a i r ' nj<v(myg\' g o d ' gCO60T3Oo

' l ive r ' csejnoô

'chest pain''intelligence, wisdom''crocodile'

following.aJ.qjitaa" -[-fflrtB

3T -j-(BI8g_|

a " _)-65(03-(-(STOflJ 0

4 . iifini-)-(8ra)02)1-(-gogj

5 . AGUioem

6. orvcBtoi-)-

7 . eAfljimooi'

8 . CDlfTT, J-— Oo -I- (BI9) ttB u 4 - n m a i (S5 4 - S 0

'cake''monkey''sea''underworld''gold''to dream''brave prince'

'crow'

'granny''animals''syrup, tonic'

•

9.

1 0 . 191*60131 -j-Go-IO<9Jca>(50QJ-|-gggJ

653


2.

3.

4.

.5.

6 .

7 .

8 .

9 . 65Osrncs<ssiosn

10. i

3 . <DO6)<£JI5>

4.

II Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the given words.

1 .•_6n_ICT\yc06)6><3 mi6 !JBOo (3tOOJf036)S T i

(GQJ6TDo)

2.

OJCTT8 OJS><9S mCQI161g.

<&>WCT\

6 . mlorVlsroirOTOrno" micsô «nofl2oru1^|Qg-| ? (ajro3°)

7.

8.

) " , Oj1§1c96)u)

9 . ec i j so fst^croajJo CTUJOTOO

654

1 0

1 1 . m l

1 2 . roOKe&moroios^sis

")

<a.sn| Gnjocoj rooscejinorooJ

III. Fill in the blanks suitably.

<a>Ln

2 . . 6)QSOJ(tsnj)1(!35 ojioDJOcroo

3 . £D6ST36>CT)

4.

5.

cruuiocuomo

aJ06IWl°

a{D63T3ff)or)

6. roos<93mofos)n5o ALO

7.

8.

' 9 . ericas njsmo

1 0 . n_ISTT)c9«)0f&

o ce_iocft>!> (DmBs>g

1 1 . raionro.

1 2 . ôcruT«3b cromooKOTmToa si^joicra

n_io

IV Rewrite the given sentences using the corresponding negative for theunderlined words.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

(3TOOJ«CT)0§

ggg ruis" rutsoffismo?

OIIOQ?S)aJ0§n6)srot3)8fc1raa OJICTCTD (BT?, <9IS

655

7 . (3T»OJ<JOTOJO6!513T, onog

nJOQo? ' .

8 . c ro jAgmcnioo g g g e)a^6rtb<&>sf\ oryosrol

9 .

10.

f1 1 . (3i3)S(a,Cio cncmowoasb (Broocudooaa orocarcnoouo « i m ' " r a - • •

I12.

V .Split the given sentences into their coinponent sentences.

2-. oj*l§T«5%on1cna n j rm r ^ ) y ^ ) cuowl^ (EQrusi n^ÔTionS GQJ6TS1

fD0lES)CT) O-TlSICTT)

3 . (313)03" a ^ ) ^ nJO6T0T0)0ejo Gt9)0o<86>0(!JTTn (Bid) t e i g i C n J O e j o OTOCSgnOo r»JO

(STOOJ^SIS

5 . nJ6mo njgeiro gosnsgb ie jo mTfflonnGa-joejsxOTS) OJOOJ6OT30O

6 . raroc&iooo rsiroccT)Jn.ti1^5)<ft>06r^ms<e;acm ( r ruTu ima jo , (aTocs2>oooc9«

VI Combine the given sets of sentences into single sentences using verbalparticiple, verbal adjective and conditional in the appropriate places.

1 . (B61OOCTT)0Oo (BTBCgaDo 6DO-l1S)S OJf33o.

{STOffigaOo Cr)i6)CTD O j

crf\ dnJOdjjGaao ?

2 . (3TOg_JOjTora° (HTOUffi S ( t

fSTd) tftiLO (BTOj J 8 A | .

OTOqJ efl)fO6T!yriU(SnJO0Q)T . •

• - 656

3. r

OJfOOCTO)OQjTcejO| CUCTTO.

ratocijoo cupnniroS ggocrro. '

(awcuoo ©raj njcQ)mj6>m «a.6n§. -

OtDCUOo (BTOOQ)OG§0§U (SID&igSED t8>CB)OicS2)1(Oic96)OCT5

(BTBCUOO (ato5<96)@Qa)Tcej«9a

4.

^ ^ j OJCTTD.

rataaia i i

5 . (saj3j"mt>cA (srocrta njgfflro

(srticudb (Sid) 6)n_isniiflj§i6)cc)

0rV6Vlffl0C!Q)1

i; !T-i j 6 . tffrooo)0ooc9a0 OJEJICQ)

;!•; ' OTOCOOOO n_iej«B<sso?Jo

| I (arocsjjooo rarai (grooraenjssisoo aocbaml&acm

/.'I i "' (StaCffiOOo cftLDtSjOo nLgj ^CTTD.

)s fsrai <ft,i_ci<&>oo

VII Fill in the dialogue of B.

Q(BO(SCT),ton1m<eau cugjorara) ans cruas eonjo?

Bj \ (3TO6iSI36)(T) (T)T (?: 6l/l.oJO<o4 6TO)«313Oo

cno§1co5-

V - - B • •••• • •A or>1or)6>c9«>a!j)0 raroig) cue/ loo; acta

B , •••

657

B .:A fi^yiwi. (sionniocDomo? njej njraii&fti.a.ipo n )ynj>6tDo. gocnicsjio

B •: •

A <BTO@U goro (Do§i6>aao iao(S)o ajoroimocemo ? cnT cnjajti ajoco/lascm

eSjgTcffiOgJ? CT)1or)<96)On6n5K5J^(SS? QSSOeji ggjORSTO) 6>.nJQaJ<06>O(&

cr>o§<ssn5o? . cnT ©era

cus>1 <D6n§0c9eo.

B •A O_IS>QQ> caisoorooiBCiociDai^. n ^ ^ A o e j g g o orooeojiaooajom 6xm

ro)S)omcffl06nD0. n^j6)ofto emoofi ajTomaicflflene. 6raoo8 ^ o m c e

crfl oroaiSi§!JtxJ6)CD06)<96) ca>g6tOT5s° s c m "

45—3 CIIL/M/80

UNIT 15

LESSON 57

orunocnoc&Lol

CONVERSATION

rara6BBQrr)

6ro>6OB6}ffls You will have to con-cmiigg. m> test this election as our

candidate. That isour desire.

But if I don't like that ?

People like you shouldn o t tell like that. Youshould agree at least forthe welfare of the state.

i 'VI 658

659

oo)

30iBlB0SfDO5:

6><i_l(336KlJ<3<3o.

cr)0§1s)ej aosroo

gXTT>6)<BI!J)

SOD

or>iB5s>s rroocnioooD

CTOo

socmo:

osm6m°-

rLJ6TT)1:

sroiooi (T)1 ej6)(grg)0cnDo.qj

soemoaroo,

r>JOCB>6>§.

If a man like me whodoes business becomesthe Panchayat Presi-dent, will the countryimprove ?

We have a proverb.Little drops of watermake the mighty ocean.In that way if everyPanchayat Presidentof our countrysincerely works, to-day's condition canbe improved a lot!

Even now don't wehave people selectedby people in the centreand in the state capi-tals ? The wheel ofpower is with them.In that case even if aPanchayat Presidentthinks he cannot makethe country prosperous.

coism People like you whoIS can understand the

agony of the poorshould come to poli-tics.

Don't flatter me tothat extent. Let mehave my feet firm onthe ground. Damo-daran, let me tell youone thing.

caraajf!S6>s

660

BOOIBO:

crojoraio

ODO§

oror>jor>cij6)cflo

• l ' ' ' ! ' !

, .... i

, ' <ft.oejo

. • oJ6rES)(0T3)

raraoo

HI';'

soamo:

What is that?cncroooafi cnoej ojo.aj<9j(Bs1<e«>ori5 rerooioojo Only those people who

know to speak andwho can leave thehouse and home for thegood of the countrycan do this. Thosewho are interested inbusiness have an eyeonly on their profit.They 'don't want to

. know about the people.

(BTC>6313° 6>CIJQO 6 ro5 c&>.eyciJSc9s>ocDCD B u t y o u a r e n o t j u s t

a business man.

Damodaran, eventhough the times havechanged, I haven'tchanged. I still re-member the old stories.These are the peoplewho called me stingy,cheat and what not.So,. I don't like tobe their leader. Thatis O.K. By the way,who are those peoplewho forced and sentyou here ?

All the people together' did this.

(sro65T36>cn (3i3)S)snoj9j1(o5 ggcnjooo (oiDcfi i f t h a t is t h e ca se y o u

(gTajsns scntn-jroiicniu/l. (moos fisi6>anr)0Q)oenDc a r e t h e p e o p l e ' s r e -

j<ru1cu>6nf° (3T (s<fl>6nsajci3. p r e s e n t a t i v e . Y o u

are the man to be thePanchayat President.

msiaaoronncuoS o i l

raraoj(!8s»s

nnncm

FSif

661

30(50)0:

aJ6m1: CDomoco/1 (2_jarv>oC/yica«>06)<T>06)(96> raw

SoCDToioaa njocojooS (BTOO16T313J

enJOOo rcnooi (3>6>rrr>

aDO6rra° (scDfoiocijiCTCTio crujQonKsitJimgg0 n ^

ooa jo tHToAancnoooJojoft. goo roonyTco)<do

g i a jgn ro w>ejô n j i sT^ jnnosnra 0 . sen

ta>oô. en'

gggcuoro6njau1^(bufl)t!na!2)o,

m i 6)onooe>c9S)

You shouldn't makefun of me. If peoplelike you are there, whyshould insignificantpeople like me matter?

You know . to speakwell. You are a personwho knows to flatteralso. So you are themost suitable personto be the leader.This game of politicsis a nuisance. Onlythose with very sharpbrain and who arecunning can manage.You have both thequalities in'plenty. So,please exempt me fromthese things. But ifyou want, F shall helpyou at my best for theelection propaganda.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

1 . -ooiLcib rusmo gggtumosra0 .

2 . rooco ruemo gogjo(atoifijg06rra0.

3 . ffioronM^swogjOo enojees

4 . 613)003 (HI3)(Qc9S

5 . gD/D ggc&> ©go Qn_10(00(OI3)ra)06ni)u

6. roortyiooJo ajgswo

7. rarocuaS momocoil nJo1te«arr)ai(D06n»o

8. raraaioo mrmocal

9. (aracu(5 cncmoeo/l

662

1 0 . (Bwg8u cormooa/1 <vjo1<e«arr>ra>06m)0. '

1 1 . (BIDOJA <uo1c0«)O(Oin>airt)O6n9o. • '-

1 2 . 81901(5 (8i2,<fr<fl«o OCTTOO ®ta>a$<Bao«mni<iio6tti>''.'

2. orojcroio

3.

01001^6x0 cSiOO6)nj§g©(Tnojct5 rarocgj roisiofto

njo§onr>aj(ScSQ1'

C. 1 - 6)6)n_i'cTU <9>So 6)<9.o§(5T3)ajc»u

2 . <3iggo OLj06roiO)aj6>g 6>ojQ6»«n

3. €ft.tai6SuaB) cr)S«jio)1c!B)ajrS<9a'J cuejlw

2 . aJ06raro)0(oJ

3 . 63cnao

4 . scnao mi6rE0(!jtij)^0

B. Build up drill

Model' g(S6TB0?

rarosi^jorab

§019

eejo<ft,g©<ssn§o?

cry6UdioaQ)1 cejo<9igg3>csnc31

1.

63«B

mcr)cry1ejo<»aomaj(Sfn siro mg j cmraioaJOcftiOnS c

6)s cfiJSCD mrrtf^nejoaacmajcicr) arai cngj emr3ioajo.ft.ori5

m2.

3.

2 . raw) ailgicffi (woffiicruiaarmaiA nj«mc96iofDO6n»

3.

s)grt;jn3o«Jro)aioa <BTocni-oaj g 6>OOU1QQ)0<9.OII>O?

C. Substitution drill(SB)(0O6n9u?

664


Model 1

1.

2 . oracuoiJ oj«Borra.

3 . oTacnJooo oronnio

4 . gKQJOCo CT)CTDOCS2)1

5 .

6 . taTDCQJooo ao.-LO°loru<&mo6vo ffl6><ft>iasmi

Model 2

• 1 .

2 . gocuoo oro°(5or>no1<9scrT9.

3 . (BTSClJOo Ol'PcSa

4 .

5. (araaioo CTXTDOQQ/I

6. ^rutso n^CnLjoyo GnaosmlaA

Model 3

(BWClJlft 0O6TO

(BTOOJ(5 CT96m

1 . (Siaaj<a csaeji

2. (sncu(b <soja>o msaacnra.

3 . caraojia a.o1<9iOo cncmocswi

4 . (graoit?) <s>§1<d>6>§

5.

6.

Model 4 .0 aogcrra.

1.

2 . g D ^ ° nJO<9a<TtB

3 . fgiDgS" OJ6JflB(TTD

4 . ^ ^ ° OJRBCTTO.

5.

6.

Model 5

(3tacun5

1 . (3TBajai 6ro>63i3g6>s

2 . (aratuoo .ojoocWtaasco'lraiS

3 . <3ISOJ(5 <ft.LD<9jg1

6. raw®"

Model 6

1.

2.

3 . rarocuoo arujruo(T>o c9.osm1gj .

4 . C8TOgD°

5.

6.

666

Model 7CnJOiB>6roo.

2 . taronjc

3 . CSTOCIJC

4 . cstDfinn

5 . ratocur

6 . raroojc

TO 80QH<SS>6TT>o.

TO <3iSi c9®6TT)o .

CIO IBOc9S)6mo.

IB° (81OCK>8Clj1<06)6TT>o.

ro cro>ocrn6mo.

Model 8

1 . tsraajna" aonoo 6>.ajcgj6rB.

2 . oiDnJOoids" (3iS)(sracQ)o

3 . rararurftaa crv6UiEOcQ)1

4 . OTonnloo croooocoo ocus rs

5 . (3IS(!S)1CTOO

6 . t3B(U(i<9Q


Modelc9>ggo

(3TDOJ6)(D

1 . caroajoo r u o ^ fuo§cnro.

2 . raiocuA

(3racij(%<aQo

3 . OToajoi n j o l a i d/l<ai<9«anrD

4 . (SIDOJOo CaJOBô C^JOsicSffiCTTO .

cBT0ajooi9eo gflJiroronjo IBTOOIOQJOO.

f>. (amend(BTBC1J&

6.

7.

8. rarooLuS eooruu1(o5^6)S onscescno

9.

10. ^6JOf5(Iffil<06)6TT)o.

F. Transformation Drill

Modelraroo&ooo CLJSTOO gg§aicT)O6n!)u

(3T8CS2)OOo nJ6TT)o

2 . (3T9C1JOO eajLDcSagi oJOie9teamflJg06n8

3.

4.

5.

6. @

1, fsia@u ODODOCOJI

8. (BTBOJ(?) o^)gjOo

9. (sracuoo essoeji 6)aJCâDaj§06na

10.

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate participial noun forms of the givenverbs. • . . . . . . . •

2 . tsronj(?>

3 . (3iDgD° gos>c9«) w>6nju3o '— <m>caf\(roorra. /gsneoaaorta)

668

4 . raranjoft e.aragaviff lostmm'lnaeaisnsi rsia>6TWu.

5 . raraciJti f i f l jgjoo (3%srrc>°, ( a m ^ i eJOd96>1)

6 . <3wcs2)ooo (B)1ra6>6TOT3)5jvJ'l(TO oi9)StT»°.. (oolorra)

8.9.

1 0 . (sraojoi (sanj"j^mmsmihoeim fara)6nao.

II. Rewrite the given sentences using the corresponding negative for theunderlined form.

1 . gDTK/ajrocrfiflja aflw>j<nyiasonnajs>ro

2 . CTUJOTO)O €

3 . oroiEcajg© gârro <a.»1ceacTncLia% amaxsam

4 .

5.

6.

7 . nJOOo fflcnî EJOCSDOJA ag)fuT6>s?

8 . ffiiijDcjsnscuiS ffiauooo cojo<ft)6)§.

9. c s o e j i siaji^JojA co<scnjO| curosmo.

1 0 . (3W

III. Rewrite the following sentences using the corresponding participial nounsand <at$6rro° following the model.

Model

1 . STOClJOo

2 . (Broai(%

3 . (aTBcuoiJ c o j s m

4 . (srocuoo nnTroCTeroringnjiaB cn1(3i<9aaTO.

5 . (sncudb cng j <a>ort>,jfljrB>i6>0Doarw<>

v 669

6 . (sronjoo GOICOO oji6m63T3cm). i . • :.;:yt;.;a;Vf>'

7. {Bragg" ajâicrooc2)o om^jfflnjg^gcna. . . 7 ; ..,

8. ecDrtnocij0 mcmoocyi croocvooroitsscmigj.

9. fsrocsjjooo roosAo efDiaecrra.

10 . raroaiai cftggo

1 1 . e9i§1cft.oo (BTDinBaoQ) (Btonacroroi csacno.

1 2 . (STB(U(5<sa

IV. Gombine the given sets of sentences using the participial nouns. ...

2 . OTBOQJOOo roOSc^mOOioCffl <9jej^06TT)o

3 . (STDOJOO

OTDOJQg n{j){3JO(03o O j i g

5. car»aioo 6)(uggcu(aVo

OTOOJOo a^)S)0T)c9«)0go gDg0Q)OJg36TTDo

6 . (3TOOK&C980 nfl)gJOo <9jO6m6TT)o.

(3iaOJ6)rt) CT)1

7.

8. raroajoS (fycrbocnTaacro.

9 . raroojcoas eocol g6n§

(STDdJOo

1 0 . rawojoo cn06m1<9aono.

(8»QJOo «r>eja1cr)1<9«onD.

670

V. Fill in the incomplete dialogue.

A.

B. • •

A . fsra>ns°? eroioaxsoroo ? cni a{j)CEi>6>c&>06n§o

B.

A.

B . . . . . • - /

B . • • - ,

A . cnos)g6)(ora»o|° 6)<ft>06Ti|ajrosrDo. ccnorUT, on! 6>ta>06niaj<!cmo ?

B. •

B. •• • •.•

J±m c/sraT. (Bragg0 goonT 6iraTe96)(s5^sT aJoTcS«iOo. ^cmejsxoTB) OB) <ft>6rr)<e«

B. •••••

B.

B.

A.

B . • •-••••

A , WKOI. oatoi. oi(S«ira)iBom6)iEOS)<96> smro cniÔTroiriS. oiDajroajn86>s

671

VOCABULARYfflVI fO6)btOWft§a_l ° ' e l e c t i o n ' nr\H10CT>0(& i n i

f3TD65Q° ' y O l l '

rocta • 'goodness, virtue, welfare'tfla^cuso . 'bus iness* rLjysifiro) iQ§y u

@1§T 'drop'6)nj«s3S)cijggo ' t h e g r e a t w a t e r , flood'

n-Jasijocogns)0 ' P a n c h a y a t ' (n_|cri/lc\ju6n$u

• <sti)mt>o(bini!iOQor\ ' s ince re ly ' (njcuAtotinTifls)"

6>£B.aJ6>r»J$gjnDu ' t o i m p r o v e ' oJOOJS)oJ§SJ(%

(srainb ' h o n e y ' 6if<Ba"

(OOnyTOBJo ' p o l i t i c s ' 6)rU0<9«o

§ooB)°a«>0 ' to be firm, fix' OJO^JAO

ojonjifl)iEs1<e«)0 'to talk well' ^ § °

oDcmoaa" 'to improve' emogo gsn§°nnloE 'vice, badness'(Btapos)6)a. 'the hand which is hurt'6)n 1 ° ' co 1J"' fflSID

msi.96)0 ' to hesitate ' <scn«nonj°

KcirnajnnicDiaii 'people's representative'

cT>1gyofl>ctBO(5 'insignificant ones '

ISOO)1OJO<96)U 'flattering words'

raonyToo;ce6>gT . 'game of politics' <scnig)(0)Jo

6ngaoT^(Sflaif!n 'sharpness of brain '

<r\j(2)o 'trick' ^D6mo

asiojoces)" ' to exempt' (o-j^jrosmo

'candidate'

'proverb'

'President''to work''poor people''to cause to flow''to lift''sentence''nest''has an eye'

'soil''leader'

'leadership'

'quality''propaganda'

NOTES

15.57.1. Participial nouns are introduced. They indicate in themselves the"quality or nature of the person/thing concerned,

'he who sings''she who sings''they who sing'nJO§CTT)aj(ii

njo$onr>gBu

ojosotmrncunj 'he who does not sing''that which sings'

672

15.57.2. These participial nouns are formed by the addition of the number.*and gender markers of third person pronouns to relative participles .-

15.57.3. Participial nouns can be expanded by adverbs but not adjectives.

gci6>c96> ojocsjjcTDojriJ 'he who tells aloud'

ooo6)g aiflBonnojrib 'he who comes tomorrow'

15.57.4. <5ro65t3o 'you' is used to indicate the second person with highrespect. Please note that in the ascending order of respect the secondperson pronouns so far introduced are ml, woo^, onisoraoo, ra>o©,ooa n d (3106513°.

15.57.5. Note the following idiomatic usages.

(1) ojejgsggi CTajfoifflojggo 'Many drops make great water' means

little drops of water make the mightyocean.

'To cause to flow milk and honey 'means to bring prosperity.

gn_p so 'He who does not pu t salt to the wound-ed hand ' means very stingy person.

(4) rara)gt9)g6)s cfcgflfliraa oigrfli 'He who does not hesitate to pu t sandsooft flBs1<eao(BiD>aiora into peoples' eyes' means a cheat.

(5) eou>1oioaa° OJOCSD" ' T O tell sweet words ' means to say some-

thing without sincerity.

( 2 ) drtSlCTDo rUOEJo

UNIT 15

LESSON 58

ODCTDOGGQJO?

CONVERSATIONmoLQcioo? ruigg, OJ(25. 6r5)63T3§1@oj6>ro IBOLQ Hel lo , M a t h u r ? Pleaseoi6>o5o eftioro o roi6)rmcx2)06nBu aJO6TDT0j6)cft>06n§1(TJ3 c o m e . W e were j u s trmgD°. nâmb ^ ( ® Rnoiiicro1^j©u? ta lk ing a b o u t you .

Why are you so late?

ôno There was delay gett-jng the bus. I feelstill tired because ofyesterday's walk to thebeach. So, today Ididn't feel like walking.Am Ivei7late? Pleaseexcuse me.

: O^)OD1<06)U 6njch)° ce/l§ocf& rarogjo

ajs>ro mscrraQnJOOQ)fnii6)a5o

6roioofl o i g a o

67346—3 CIIL/M/80

674

«>fa>«>ri&:

rom6ToT:

crooromigj.

OOfTOp GO16TB

CDHBOO

orooA, enjiooi (aroraiwnJ

(BOQJO?

Doesn't matter. Thereis no need for suchformality between us.

memo Mathur Sir, how isthe Attappu thatI put?

ccuo?ra^)6ai3S)or)ayo6rro

cft>osmo(!sroK!j)i6)aD

° 6nnoaft n-ioYou mean 'Attappu'?What is that? Howcan I comment aboutsomething that I didn'tsee?

crooiS, so, ojonniejina ajribnj)<ri&

(810(010609° ASCTDOSTDCgJO

ng)ooro)o? 6ra>ocngD

V!*1

(0iD6ro1:

mmerri):

ai(gg.6)ifi>O6n§

(/»«)16>C9S>O(TTD

6rO)OCT)1

CaJOcftiCTO)

smocA Sir, didn't you see theflower decoration thatI made in the court-yard in front of thefront door? That isAttappu. You havecome inside only aftercrossing that.

oojoon e j ^ I don't know. I didn'tnotice it. I came in the

(gTO6>(tnocrn> ffinjoccwi hot sun without ope-ning my eyes comple-tely. O.K. Ramani,please come. Let usgo and see,

Chettan, you alsoplease come. (Ramanitakes both of them.)Here it is! Please openyour eyes and see care-fully. This is theflower design that Imade. What do yousay? Is it good?

675

e&jo. aigfflro oDcmogsrs You are a elever girl.

You have sense ofhumour and artistictalent. It is really good.But there is one thingwhich I don't under-stand.

i$oo<OT»1§ejffl>(t>'l<98CTDgDu?

What is that?

Why do you pluck theflowers and decoratethe court-yard likethis?

gggg" jaJieoBrBocaxaosmesg-io. arosiSBOoisai®0 Th is is t he m o n t h63osm<s6)oejaio6rniu. asftaiGcuosms'lcucroo ono§ of C h i n g a m . Th i s is<SjO6TT)ori5 ajrojnm aio<sojej1(!Jiwmjrooff)or) crojTca. O n a m t ime for us .

ca)6rei0QJO6rTO° 6ro>6BT3Oo (OTxatmnLj cu1§ W e p u t this A t t a p p u t oCOJ§O? ' welcome Mavelitham-

buran who comes to• visit us on Tiruvonamday. Isn't it like thatChettan?

raroonn. Yes.

Who is this Maveli-thamburan, Sankaran?

ao6moa"&ion3i6>(amnôo'] mfflaoo Didn ' t we see films

OOJ^J" noiejiocro0 CU)1OJ1OM6>O3O division's documentary

jajiigio <a.6ns1tsgj? (sra> film at Bhopal on

njicmiejgg CTo^nnTrin^QOTro Onam Celebrations in

(smorro 6ro)oo3 aiOLQoiaa oJostarajnnaD^" Kera la? D o n ' t you

<3o<ft<H»oQ/l<8£j? - remember the legend 1.

• ••••/'•••• • . •:'•- •••••••"•' : 1 " : " ' : t o l d y o u t h a t d a y a b o u t

• . : ; ; • • • • • • • • • • these ce l eb ra t ions?

676

wxtfloaio. mnno&rue/ l

orr>rai'irro<scijsns''iaQ)06na;'

6)02) OJ01BCT)6)08o

cftiLQQQ)(?gJ

OJCTD OlnOOOj i

gsnso<96)(S6mo?

cryroiaa Yes. That is O.K.OOSIDO Malayalis celebiate

Onam to rememberthe emperor Mahabali.Isn't it the story ofthe emperor who wassent to the underworldby Lord Vishnu in theguise of Vamana ?

Yes. Yes. We callthat same emperor asMavelithamburan.

6g6tji3s>m Then is it compulsorythat you should makethis flower carpet forthe whole of thismonth ?

(/D8%>ft)OD I |D§y * i x l i BJ(b a

crooa>oro6nnoQJOQQ/l n

tn>1(iBeaiO6rr)(!JTB)1cn)

i . . . . ^ D | ®sa6m3sns®°.gD6OT36)0D OQOOo (BfiB.

ji60T3lEDCrUo Q<g

jjSiD siairroo g

ojg® siajcru

6ra)S!5BOo a j g

OJCTDO go§o. No. Some people may)§OOJJ ccftnl. put for the whole mon-o (9cnjo6rn>° th. Usually it is enoughB alojcroojo if we put for ten days.

We have to startputting this ten daysprior to. Tiruvonam.We decorate the court-yard like this for allthe ten days.

u»a.roo, tmcmextm tft)6nsg8

gganro

We call it Attappubecause we start fromthe Attam day.

Sankaran, as we sawin that film will Ramanialso dance around thisAttappu today ?

677

raiD6m1: (sroeogjo! rtn'lrt8<uoflrflroc96>§n6>OQ>o<Troo nâDicsaoT ]y[y good heavens! I

QQjooa ojcsj. don ' t k n o w that Tiru-

vatira dance.

<DOLJQ(5: oral (piaraxuraflcra (zr>1ro30JOfij)'lro<as>§i6>OQJOT>o Should we call that

CCTDO njoeoojuns®0 ? dance as Tiruvatira?

: rato6)ra>. iBOLrjoloa0 6ra)65i3g6>s ojtfoo) <3Ta>.oJoro Y e s . M a t h u r , i f y o u

6$i3<3o, (TU(onj6Q0Qj6gT3Qo cnosci^ cBaGjcBaQo, c9agT w a n t t o see o u r a £ e

ta>go 63S)c9«) EorxDn ca.06TD6rT)6)aia>n(04. onogiriJoj old customs, manners,o6ui3gT <5ejc9s (Bnjo<a>6mo. SOB n_i§6rnRjio)1ra5 fsw folk arts and games

<fl>1§1gj; ccT)0<e«)6)§) 6nno you should go to theta>sri|tiJis1<9s)Oo. villages. In this busy

town you can't get achance for such things.Let me, see. I shallfind out a way: forthat.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a . 1 . or)T6>rmn-joonQQ)06n9u stmocib o_jo6roro36)cft>06n3'l(iBcrng)u.

2 . fflrcnonJ o>oaio\>1.a!jg06i<ft>06n§ cf)i60i3Ooe9a ffisoaô G«noonr9<scmo?

3 . 6306roo (srajffineJOoMieeacTTxmisioJo oJicmitoJ

4.

5. (mactKS ruoayomtmitoa rue/loo

1. 6imonJ OJOOQJOOTO)®0 ml

2.

3 .

4 . or>T scQ)1<9S)0(mB)(m1cwu

5. a$ttV1.96>u (STO(flBT0T5J^S0l0tB)i2o

'

678

B. Build up drill

CT)CTT>OCS»1

2.

ojocsj)cmnn1<smo§°

c9>orosmo

cft>orosmo

|Dcm6>iirw aiTooT60131(05 ej tm

(BIBOl OQJOOCBO?

4.

(319(010)0 ODOOo

CSaJ0<eJttT>g>o

679

C. Substitution drill ' ':::::J't!" — •••* v

b.

"'

(iJ)(tBCTT)fO>T(Oi

c9>O6TT)1c9fi0m(B)1<!j3

c. cni

cuvsa fij06roro)@6)<6!>o6r80sno0

d. cni cuoapcmaxflasb n )cnT<aa

da.6rB<m1ocnos

orvocruoroi^fm

o<a,iflj)1iucnosu

e. raroaioo nJ06rota)(in1ocno§0 n^cnicse awoBn&eiocfo oicgj* r.

-?.:•,<• • { : <•<• • { : < £ • : • ; > . H

680

f. (BTOcunJ fDi© ag)^(m1cQ)imi6)riJo

D. Restatement Drill

Model 1

1 . roocjo aniosiOBJIIOS oroooroofoiasonro.

2 . ciBOnncndi

3. (S6njsnjT <S3

4 . (BTOCIJA ojejico) OJT§

5.'

6.

Model 2<OT>aj6>roo6><96> a o s m

<3IOOJ6)(OO6)i06>C&IO6TTO

CI96mOB)06TTO

1. (feinej aigfflra j

2. (S^J^JI uiictBo, gocvajiajio aiog©. . '

3 . <eiC&ejCQ)6)S (8»)§o gDODSej SlnJOQ.

4 . CEOCfJ t f c n j i a y o , AiCQiQo c9ji6mOOiBft Oj1,S'o(0ra)1.

5 . tfh6i3TQa<&3CT% ou

6 . ffinjgn

$81

Model 3

ao6iDo tsracnejooiiiiflscmrtnicTOfficusrei cnogloB

6306TT)o (SI5)QnGJOn±lTc9«)OCl5 (BCU6ITB1

1 . ssioiTcaermrtnicTOffiaJsngl nnionrocrro.

2 .

3 .

4 . aruTmim t9.06rrocnr)f!Dirra(Bcijengn r r u i o o l co l reft

5 . 6»cuggo (Bta>ora3orDr!5i1no(saJ6rEi

6 .

E. Transformation Drill

Model 1

fSTDOJCT)06nO

1 . c9.§1csj)O6na cft.ro6roro)@u

2 . nJEJaoOfOo (sa>snt>

3.

4.

5.

Model 2(Bra>roosrti)

1 . ooT a^)ora)06no

2 .

3 .

4 . ig(wro)cusrooso6Tiro

5 . so,ft1cQ)1ejosnR)0

6 . CDoroffijQomiraoOTra"

68?

F. Combination drillModel 1 •

rootu

oni (Bragg °

OOCJU cno§1o8 ng)<oronoQ)gg° cnT (sraol osroroio ?

1 . ' cmoorb(3T0CDS

2 . ran)iiJoarBa4 cuocrvajifflcn

(BTB@° (BtBOJOii

3.

4 . 6KD3CT}

CT)T65BOo (BTOgD

5 . taTBO ^

(BTBmi6>a>n_|ocfle>0Q>ocnao m°\

6 . rooa) eaj too sosisg-joijQjT.

7 . i&6nnsi(sixjos1<daon9.

(Bragg" (Bramii 6)<SjO§csacni).

8 . (araa

6ro)ocro (Bragg

9 . c9>§1cft>

s1^)(& (Bragg (g)1 flBgajBorro.

1 0 . (arajQj°jifl)cra onJOteiorra.

thSidb (BragD tft>osrraanto.

1 1 . 6tO)ocra

1 2 .

rarogg

1 3 .

rarogg" (Bi3)0(nocni«n3)1 era c o g j a n g j . . , , , , , « . : .

683

14 .

15 .

(BTOgD <8(OOCO£J<ft±l6rT)o (B!3)6nSo .

EXERCISES


2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

6. <sioajs>gOQ)06no

7.

cngjgg0

ojroocT)06nau.

8.

9. <mmg

ID.11.12.

(STDOi6TOIO)0(Oi monJunS)Cau

oJO00)6)§.

O 630nXl"lcrOu.

II Rewrite the following sentences using -©"verbpossible write two sentences each.

1. croum aojocjo, AOTCSJJO o ig j .

2 . ososm1aj)6>s cuônjoroo S)ojo§i6roraj.

3. <9>§1<a.oo goGgjooo ôr ry

4 . Q^j^jTraiiwrm (8TDcr>1oQ)6)ro

5 . (arax>ju£kfl)6)m

6.

7.8.9.

1 0 . (BTOOJCfJ

11.12.

6)OJ§1 6>6>(0)<a>Oo

^ ar)s<9aorro.

croicnim

oJOOit9«CTTa.

Wherever

684

III Gjmbine the following sets of sentences using -2>° form of1 . 6roiod5 rtsicna.

CSTOgB CT)1 dfcgQfDGgJ.

2 . (Sfocu(b n-josroroj.

rarogg 6nn60BOo(Sfi)u iBcnay ie joco j i g j .

3 . f o o o j i o e j ajasxtib (3TOej6TSTS3cnsarro.

(3TOgB GnJOffifD? '

4 . m l cs<&,|.

'(3ras)nj)06><s«) i i S l

5 . n n e j o o f i f f i e j o s j 0 rarosi^j «a>cs2)OQCTTO.

(3t0@S)<ft>O6T1|

6 . CD°1 aj«Bom1

(aro@s)<ft.06ri|o

• 7 , <feejÔ6!T>«JI0)i0O G

CBlBgD CT)CmOCQ)1gJ.

8.

9 . 6is)aaj«jro>1(ob

t B T 9 ^ C D ^ e e a " (BW>C/9JOCT\)i>

1 0 . nJ6tsucrooro

IV Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined word with another appro-priate participial noun form.

2 . ratamjejo cfl.O6mon8

3 . mrascTTO OJO6BBOCI5 cruiooicxuTtai

4 . croosomo g5rBoaaocf5 (juoroogo

5.- (Btsroi cajaioci^ ôoTcsj)o orucacoo oaissrho?

6 . nJ^jee«)oT cnsooS

7.

685

8 .

9 .

1 0 . (Stft.0(sgs8o (3rascs2)o<9«)0ni ggcni


1 . rai^rcsos oj°l§1(oi aiojoanro0 6D<D aru<>eor>M6TT>o cosaarrogD0?

2 . IDOLQCS a ^ @ <rroiBca>(!jra>06no0

3 . ffiejoaiog1<a>oo nQmTlcnosno"

4 . fflOLQoirra" aoarnraraTlncnfUool Gmmsxtsm (srooioojodiocfflirajccmo?

5.

VI Fill up the dialogue for B.A cr>i6!JBO3 ag)crs)1<T>06rn>" anssâsb raimniraS oroorrooraTt9ecrr>g»u?

B : .A. fflfTTOo cft>srr|^6)SSjT(!jb a j iwcm crofosxaro) n-iooo)onrr!5)6)raiora)66nra0 ?

B 'A (STOg§6)c9>0g§0o. CmrOS)tiJTB) c9)O6mOlBOCQj1fi!30nro. ^(SnJOOo <ft.O6mOClJ

rUOsiffigJ?

BA t/DroToojo. ^m ?

B' A

B

A

B

686

A nfl)CraO? r j)S2) 8OJ6TO0. '

B

B

B

A gxuieso <a,ooQo,(SOJCDO.

B. (BTO(ui6)S(0T0)fflcm.

. OJO;

VOCABULARY

6)6)ai<ft>°

6>ajoQ)1&igg3>°

o£fle/lo<ro°

'to be late' <ftai6n>o 'tiredness'

'the flower arrangement in the courtyard duringOnam festival'

.'the name of a star—star Hasta'

'a design with flower'

'in the sun' fSToajs>roTa«)0 'to decorate'

'to take notice of seriously'

'films division' eajoot& fflaiaiool 'documentary'

'legend' oycoiaa0 'remember!

'under world' geororfl 'generous man'

'shape'

'the dhoti and the shawl'

'the names of a star—star Ardra'

' a folk dance of Kerala'

'tradition' ODOSCTJAEJ 'folk art '

'village, suburb, rural area'

'chance' '

687

NOTES

15.58.1. This lesson introduces the use of neuter participal nouns as verbalnouns.

( a ) (DOLQOTCTOBO (feoroô (Zj)6)crooQ)06na° 6T0i6Si3oo OJOSTOTOJ

We were just talking about Mathur. .(b) 6tu)on3 (3taRjro)nLj ^ § g ° crxmocoojo?

How is the attappu that I put ?(c) snnooi <a,06moajro)r5)i6>cD(j;|oo1 ag)60BOcncoo6na

How should I comment about what I didn't see ?

15.58.2. The use of the participial noun as in above sentences with the differ-ent forms of copula verb c3ra>6roo is very frequently used in Malaya-lam. This sentence pattern helps to locate the word to whichemphasis has to be given by the addition of m,sm" to that word.

It is he who tells the matter-tstotuoft cSjOro^fflOQa/lfracrro OJO6TOTOTO»0

What he told was true.

May be it is he who is going to tell the matter.nq)<T))<a4° [D0r)£jyTeJOc9>0(!JT!J>gDu 63CTTO6TT|O.

There is one thing that I don't understand.

15.58.3. Using this neuter participial noun, sentences can be combined infthefollowing way.

1. (a) (STBtucfl ojo§cno H e sings,(b) 6TO)OOS (Bragg <se&>oot9s(TO. J hear that.

( a + b ) ownjnJ njo§cro@ 6roion5 Gca>oo<eatrro. I hear his singing.

2 . (a) <e3§1ta>©° c&gnceaaDigj. Children don' t play.

How am I to know the reason ?

How am I to know the reason for children notplaying (How do I know why children don't play)?.

688

15.58.3. Onam is the National Festival of Kerala celebrated in themonth of Chingam (August-September), the first month of Malayalam

, calendar. It can be called a new year, harvest cum spring festivalThe legend behind Onam celebration goes back to the Puranicstory of Vishnu's incarnation as Vamana. People celebrate this

• i; festival in honour of Mahabali who is supposed to have ruled overKerala in the Puranic age and who was cheated and sent to theunderworld by Vamana for the sake of Gods. People in Kerala

j : • believe that their old benevolent emperor visits them every year| :••• during the TIRUVONAM day in the month of Chingam. So,I ' i in ordei to. receive him with all warmth, flower carpets called (smmji^;] or ffl06f"jye are laid out in court-yards. People wear new clothes,* '' ; . ; ' ; : . revel in grand feasts, merry making dances, games and sports.

] 15.58.4. Tiruvatira is a typical folk dance foim of Kerala in which severali girls or women take part. They dance around a lighted lamp.

l i i •. ••

i ; •)<

.{If-

UNIT 16

LESSON 59

<fl»LG.

CONVERSATION

aroocfl n-JoeroraiCjyoKtforrtOo anodb OJIWJCTOT Whenever I told, you.g/)§y. n®cm1§u gocn-josis-omoooji ? earwig d idn ' t believe. N o w<flj06na(saiio6)s>®.1ejo aj1wuoaruiao,ftoD(s6nso? what happened ? D o

you believe at leastwhen you see in per-son ?

<smro1| eejosnacrruooo aj1s>mr) r )65S6)ar) ailcraj When I see it myselfcTu1«96)0(!j)1fo1<eso? njacftfti cuooryojo a-ioaj)<9> how can I no t believe

|D@) it? But to tell youfrankly, it is reallypathetic.

68947-3 CIILIM/80

690

aidcnicro0: m orcno

</Bcft.ejo f5>6Ti|6n§o. m o g g

njowoc&l n-jctoiooj What is there so piti-. ruifflom able in it ? The new6)ag). 0$ • officer is a smart boy.

But he is a bit arro-gant. After all howdo you expect himnot to show off thestyle of the I.A.S.officer?

smocS> gcgcol I don ' t mean the newcaiccnooft croooiooflo <a>oro o ao&gi® officer. I just told you

6IB)0CI& nJOCTOtqj (SnJOC!Ql(IJ)O6n!)

a.»i6taraj cunBcauooo

men: (QJ OQiocrumocoji roi <SQ

Ct\>O(b (StOOJCJOl remembering MenonSir. When he knowsabout it after he comesfrom leave he will feelvery bad.

oroi®(3iB6>«no!no ?

6ro)oci9o

Qo tBTOGgnOClJ o (3T0C!Q)(Oi(SS)OfDOa2)n(33OnO(S^5). nJ6)<9dl

Why ? Aren't they inorvo good terms ? I too

knew something.Menon Sir and hewere neighbours, itseems. But they arenot in good terms nowon account of someproperty dispute. Itis said that if they seeeach other they willturn the faces andgo away.

<e>Qffcj°: IS® <*-i3d<fl»§&o ro><scmoso(!8 OJO6TOR!)? Who told you thiswhite lie?

aii9co1cro°: <sa>«sia ag)ocroo§ oJ06ioTO)(ingj. <Hracg)RBo, Nobody told me.ffi6ro1aj)« &s1 croo0fuoro1 j6)ca>osre1ro1c9e(scnjooo When Iyer and Mony

6)ajai1cD)1(o5 oji6mnno6nBu. were talking, it fell

• I , , i Q t 0 my ears.

691

(BTDCIJ<9 n joa j i c r t i nn i i t f i

anroomo?

<s>o

O J 6 ) < M I ) ar t

6ns1«8rmajn)06m(B(g).

a<e>o(Sgs3i(aS

amamoari cruoA erui.

cmffioooni CTOO

fSTBCTTD tl_l16TDSST31 COOJlS

cfl j t f i SISIO) °

Oj1nJ(Do

croof5

a J O O o CTU0Oi6>rO

<fl.So <BI06BI36>cr>

go*) n_i«>ro)i£i6>0Q>o6>c8«> flnooS O ® O J 1 § < T W

Will there be any truthin what they say ?

There may not be anytruth in what they say.But now you alsohinted at something.What is that ?

Menon Sir and he arenot even from thesame place. But theywere studying in thesame college. WhenMenon Sir wasstudying for B.A. finalhe joined the college.That year in the collegeelection both of themcontested for secretary-ship. Menon Sir wonthe election. When theelection result wasknown there was aquarrel between thetwo parties. With thequarrel they two stopp-ed talking. After someyears when he passedI.A.S., Menon Sir wentthere to congratulatehim as soon as he gotthe news. But he in-sulted and sent himaway. Thus he repaidthe old debt, it seems.

Where from did youdig out this old story ?

692

: ffrrooori <a,s>i6>.ey§<ara>«ngj. C(B(Bcr)oa3 croo<& «n6)cm I didn' t dig it out . Men-oroicearaa 6ro)60Bc» msaaoonio on Sir himself told me.

oGgnDo 6TO)63I3|S6>S (STO§@ro sT Once when we went•ftoeoos'l.aj cnJOc&cm^ <a>6n§. (STDCTTO0 ans 6>cr>§ ou t for a walk we sawafltSanjosgksi GEGonoofccrocxa ag)(BCTDO§ aJ06roro) him driving in his carra>o6roi6>nsi£joo. near us . That day

Menon Sir told me allthese with a sigh.

aj<3cAioro°: (sr?, cninn«n1<9ao fDCgnOflmnifflnflo <6J1S>1(O5 In tha t case when• (ssoeji 6) j<5(5j6ng1cunB(BCTiJoco cfflccnoai croo Menon Sir will have

OIOD cuejicQi (o_|cs!)ocroiBocQ)n(on<98o raroGgj ? to work under h im it

will be really difficult.Won't it be?

dhQnj": (Bragg t056>nT)C3Q)06nao 6ro)ociS tsoorosirora) OLJO6TOTO) T h a t i s t h e m e a n i n g o f

rmiooflo OTOALDOJO. what I told you earlier.

DRILLS

A. Eepetition drill

a, 1 . stmooi nJO6nrro><snJ0©o cnT cuTc/aJcruiajigj.

2 . oiDcgnno (Scftocgssirai ojo1^s)ca)06ng1t!53CTDeraJOOo S«B OJEJICQ)

3 . corxuionj (ajcroocoicaaccnjooo n^)gjoaj«Bo (j/giaocoojoas (S<ft>§6)a>06re1f03cn9.

msorra.

oroooroofoiesaoranncsn-jooo ag)gjOo eocoicsaocaii cnscna).

2 ;

), CoJOOo (3K>ClJCT)gD

2 . (3i9am6>QQ> cft)06rn)( §

3 . (Dgj cft,oejo aiRBCcnjooa . a j i e j (TOjgajCo ojtpco; ^|ie>og)n>

693

d. 1.2.

3.

4 .

e. l-2 .

3.

OD^JcBS GOJ6tT@<S(i_j003 GC

acgflKfl ao^jcn> gggcr

ermooa Gôei^j gs^m

o^cnjgo cSaiscrn gs6>or)

rarsca'ooo ojorT)oejs6icn


mionro.

ODiorra.

Do oooroogo ta>1§1cQ) 6>cS3O6)fflneg©

uenssKinocno. <fl/l§l§y.

b o ^ ^ J O Q . (sta.ga.go Aoera. . -

i ei.-.msfldMKKxn 0 3 , 0 © ^ 'mo jaa

snnoono <a>s<> oi"l§Oo.

o i l SÔALQI <e>6>ggjo o

1.

OQ/lflBOTO.

2 . QoAaai ojonro.

«5>6>nio (3tom1oQ)Rjnj)i6)<ai

(sraonitaxOTinifflOQ) (arooojoooâ0 aofSam a i c ra , •

<9s° ooAmB ojcnra.

0 « O ( S i i m a i o r r a . > v ; r " - ' . . • ' : > • ' : ; ; - S • ( ; ! • ! - : ? ' }

694

3.

<s»a/l6>s

cnscrr>o<08

C. Combination Drill

Model 1

a 6KJ)O(T& (BIOOT 6TB15J.

1.SIOTOCBo

2. mano«»T

3.

4.

5.

6.

cnlaw(3I9(1JCT5 cft>fD6T3TOi1 g j .

(313) 6njcnjus)(nrB)aJoo1

(Biacufi (sroaifflm ai«><aa

OJV<9S

srooinft aonoo

Model 2

a. Afi

(a+b) <9>§1

n )SBBQcnJ3Oo oea^lab

695

(BTOOa_jOOo

2.

CTUfWô (lJO0Q)6TT>o.

3. 6

4 . sos1(oro>g<&crn>

5 . ^CT>1 OIRBo.

6.

Model 3

1} (BTOCoJOOo

(a+b)

1. emonrxncii oruimlai

ft (3YB(1J6)CT)

3 . iBca.aJ CAJOcjsnsi g j .

(SiOCnJOOo (SWflffi

4 . (SfgOEj i g6TBOCS2)1(iBOnB.

(anxsn jo t fo (BracsD0ciocfl68o

5.

6.

2 . § g g j 3 § j

otmsiaiaw.

Model 4

a . OYlOTBCo nJOOQ/lgJ.

b . ratscnjooo eimoacnesBetm

( a + b ) COISSBOO ajooox>6>rtj)

6OT00J

6TO)On9o

ffii6rBig-|.

e(5(ormoajo m

a^)6oi3S)oo

2.

3.

4 .

5.

6 . n-JOJjAo OJ06313T<9<>>1gJ.

(STBGnJOOo QJ0Qa)1<9«)06)0D0<e«S(SlIl0 ?

Model 5

1 <scu6mo.!• a..b . OTSCnJOOo

(a+b)2. a.

b . OTDCIT-JOOD aroionJ

3. a.b . (BTao

(a-^-b)

srsiooA

4 . a. nffloVliea orujoroob . (sraaqjooo 6tmoci8

( a + b ) n®n)1c0« orujcto)»<aao6mo? .,i;,

6tO)06)cn60i36>cp

snnoai ajosAOJIgirai

697

5.

(a+b) /u8

6 . a. fp°l <s>o(

b . raracnjot

( a + b ) <s»°i

Model 6

-JOIOTOTI aio((2)o cojoro

» m l (SnjsT<e«)6rB.

cnT

&>1

a. «ft>ej<j06m<>

b . g s o c n eoroôccy CSOBJIcnioejjam) 6)a,o6n|(5njocQ)1

( a + b ) <ft>ej^06mo cfetfisronn gsflcn !6»<a>o6n|

2 . tra'caigo (feign.

gS6)CT)

- 3 . cBKoe/1

gS6)(T> OJ°I§1(08 COJOCQJI

4 . (3TOjaJ°/afl)ai gOOcSO OJ^

gsrti

5 . 6ID)OO

gsncn S1<S«)OQ

6. cmoejgEg"

gssxn oiTfutOo ajl§1«}5

D. Split up drill

Model

(8T80n_jOOo

2 . eimocA

3 .

c<a>oo<s«i6rno. ••

698

4 . 6>QJgt§o (3ra>OJCrt>i<$§§Ca_pOo gDOjTnS S§o QOJggo

5 . (BT0OJUJiaj)6)S <ft>0(0,io rUOSTOt!J)ffin_|OOo aQgjOOlAtdS

6 . mo§1(35 cajooojog-jotfoerw" emodb goexmoocssi 6><a>06ntajomgD°

7 . a\)JnJ°fno ifefflngacejOsrBinBcmcajooo (swum (9R>QE»O6>§

8 . 6>CTV>'Sia>(Q a gggGnjOSWgjOo (STOCT) (S)$g<fi>CgCQIo CTOaOOOQ)i€fl

9 . efaflJTOTOOjiwmajOOT O^JOSi^JOaJOOo (3T9OJOacSS 0006rDoQJCTTO.

1 0 . <a>gHB) <fljT§1OQ) gS6)0O OlQnJs

1 1 . (ulcc/onMo (sraoT6ronj)(soJOOo 6ra)0noo

1 2 . njfocjyroo rnomocoil mcngfyiejOcftooniooo &$m«& oa>uoar)rio1<9s)orii

E. Restatement Drill

Model

mo§1«j5 <sn_io<8,o. >•

<fl.1|OCTlJOOo fOO§1(0& <5nJO<fljo.

1 . (DinaisrâiiiOi <SODO<9«1C!Q)0(!IJ

2 . (3% a J 0 | C<Si§3(3% aJS>0Q) ALQ

3 . (ar^tiBiBifflgjaiiRji oro®>So

4 . oJ6rr>o g)6>6nse>1(08 CTV)1CD1IB

5 . Cfft nJO6KSI3)3(0% (BTOOjnJ

6 . ojTgcft>0

7 . mioDcOe

8 . cn1 mifflfBiCTgjffljinji snnoorao

9 . (BTOCXDOOo

1 0 . 6)«nocj

1 1 . raiDCTtmocTTOo coj6)6nsc9>'1 io3

12.

F. Transformation Drill

ModelaraiooJ Qjomonjooo cnT oicrro.

erwooi cufoOOTroo^jooo m l ojons

1 . n_!6mo gggOnJOOo OnJsi

2 . oj1§nio5 On_i0c9.ocnjoo»

3.

699

4.5.

6.

7.

8.

9 . (sacLicb

1 0 . Aoroô

1 1 . e<&>§<stijooo

12.

ecosi.

6ro)ocno

cnTojJo ai1w)Jaro1(Sîo?

EXERaSES


1.2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

CUi(/9JOCTUo • ) - <B1

(sroouejo -|-- gD(Ci

nJOOJJifl) 4 - (BT OTT

CTUO* + Ota,6TOu

araoiA -t- (wacmir

OBCTUgo -j-cftOro^R

cnej&oajo 4- ana

(BIDOlA + O®m1d

cnls i 4 - ojooojffn

i-f-ODicrta0

EBffiT+ ranxs®.

tscnro -)_ (B»oi®

IBOo _(_ 63S)cSe.


2.3. nJ0SiflnB)1*OTO.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

F;J.

700

II Fill in the blanks using appropriate forms of the verbs given.1 . cgroocuooocss0 (oinBOjcDcwitvirogrS) cssoe/l OTSCOJOOO

2 . cfeggffloo aosloo) <snjoejncTV«fl>O(BS)CT) 6ia)onS (STOOQJOOO

fflisngicBJigj. (o9,06rro0, ang f l ceo" )

3 . 6ra)oai CT/IKSBOO fflojgiccyira? <soooas>«BgD°

4 . nJSTDo

5 . (3I9)(ftcd8o (BTO<S§(lDo

6. sos i dkgi caor^scnroo raracuisis («ng«Bc, cn1ejoafflu).

7. IBTBIEB aasroraj .ojiro'l.gj.

8.

9 : (STOOKft (B0(g)o CDiCDcflS (Sn_I0<9>0o

1 0 . erroonb 6S«

1 1 . (8T!>.aJo.afl>n5 (ScftiC)o<96)0(3TOT c9s§1 (SIBlBIl

1 2 . (ajcroocn'l.ajerjeftosni ajO6rora>S)f5)O6)c0«) ÔO^JOOO mocnocnjocscaio?

(cnscea")

III Fill up the blanks suitably.

1 . <SB> cfljoroô a )ooT<965 eooje.ro nv)©)So OJOTW.

2.3. ifeoocj"

4.5 . (us1 a j c m iiicejCTg C9J6ITS (saamwus6)u OTUSJSO OJCTTO.

6 . o/ laoonMo ojocs2)oab 63os1

7 . <fe6tOt!!3 —

8 . ooDfmonj0 ^ u l e j r o go60T3iao-|oca/1

9 . (BTOCuro OTOCSDOCO (njcrooCOo

10.1 1 . fflpo crudCTOiOoMo orocaoiOoMo <fl>06m1c9«)0aft 63<9«cmo?

12.

701

IV Rewrite the given sentences substituting the conditional form with timeadverb.

n_I6TT)o g6)6n3S/ l (aJ ^ |<9>0<$ CDOOOgo.

2 . cruroiô n-iosmnotrib CSOMÔ OJ«BO.

3 . OTBdJOo aJOSiCS2)O(03 61OTOCI& Oift>po<9ao.

4 . ruroTaaaooirai ecmoooorai (8igigs<fl>g6>s £96U6)(BTO>60136)CT)

5.

6. iQjcaxsrnômb nnejo <a>1

V Rewrite the sentences in the negative for the underlined time adverbialform.

1 . (Sid) ( U T o j O o (STOOi6T0ra)(SjvJ0Oo CSISOJtft QJCTTO.

2 . 6TOT0O3 OJCTTXSri-JOCo OIBOKft C8nJOCQ)T .

3 . raJSTDo COJ6rS(Bn_|0Oo ^60136)00

4 . croi>ci3(0io gggQiyoco crojeooio

5 . aoDOo cruaiEioooo cuo60T3iQQ)Gfi_jOoo

6. or

VI Rewrite the following sentences using the future form of the underlinedverb forms.

1. nj.ojGruooo

2. (BTOffignntOTSiiffxD QnnoenS a j i g i ^ j cq j ooo COJS)O tm csroo

3. cooo/lnej r )6m°loo(S(T_jOoo ra

4 . CrO6U<8<0«>§ ajCTD(Sn_|0Oo ffiO(®o 6)61SOJ6irOTlI)

5 . 63CTT)0o

6.

VII Combine the following sets of sentences using (l)co_iooo and (2)gss)m. Give two such sentences for each set.

1 . gom i 6}ro1ifl6><tj5 ca>o6n8o. .

fsraciTJOOo (8T9)

2 . a jocn j i f f lcn <aen|.

c9»§1

702

4 . oocoigo <s>1|o.

5. ^gJo Oj1OJ(D60BO»

6 . tft>CS2)(?> (BTBOQ.

6i(tno§1

7. miori

VIII Split the given sentences into maximum number of simple sentences.

1 . OJ*1§<9J06>O 650(5ami.aj <TOJo_iuroo <a>6n^ <ft>1scm (0iE6mT ^g<ftiO(

Cn_|OOo aJOsT nfl)6TT)TOQ OJOOTliffl ÔCTTO AOroô (STBSODJnlli^J.

2 . CJIJOQO, AOTcsJJo CU^j i 1 (310) CDc9.nS dnJOQ 6)t9j§1f>J^J(SnJ0S>0SnBo fsra>

3.6)00)

4 . (sra)<8rt>o§o onjocroo(t)1a6)06)«!) (arocgnDonnisirflo

6>t96)06n§ CT)n<TT> OtOOJWg ASTTSffirLjOOo 63t!8

cnnoomi.

5 . fflcft)§6)S <ft>g© cfljigicB) gS6)cn a«

6)6)iDRji cBjSorra0 aJ6)CTD(ora)T w

IX Fill in the dialogue for B.

A ro"eJe. 6nnooft ^cmoej cniacSo ojl§1<ai ojrmonjooo tni

B • • •

H i 1 b / l 3 aJCTD<!n-|0Oo

703

A OTOSOBfflCT) n-IO, CT)T gDGn-|0Oo oJ06T3T0)gD (/!><0t. CT)1

cns<B6>otib (Bnjoca iT . ranxjgj ?

BA 6ro)oa5 cucmcajooo mem'] <Broc6iaj<9>oejoca>1«8onro.

BA cni6)rt5o (srocniaoxmroiapo, <mama

BA fiLjo&ratOTTffigj? (sroarDe am

cswranni a^)6KTD <fl>6n|. 6to)on5 cuom c u i a j r o o

BA

BA (3TB60136XD aJTOOg. OTOCoJOOo (D°l (SSS06TT)T6)S CUTfirtSft CnJOCQli . (STOCSgJ ?

tsroojoi cumro a j i g i ^ j gS6>m ml n joDTcSa nncrn

B • ••

A n-iTs>CTD? m°\mTc/suoQj'l.gjnnoaannBCTncsgj ?

B

fSTBonro 6)S)6)iE(B>om(on

VOCABULARY

di 'smart boy' ro)sri|0=coai, rarannaioroo 'arrogance''to mean, to aim' mcn:(njcxj)ocroo 'mental worry''neighbours''property dispute' ory^jiryTas)0 'to hint at''to compete, to contest''result' gD«B<ft.u9ai1<fl>oo 'two parties ''mutually' OJOCTOOOQ/I =aoo)1^ 'passed'

gss)or> 'immediately' (moencncracno 'congratulations''convey' (Bronjaiorn'iaa0 ' to insult'' to pay off the debt ''old story' <a,v')s>nlj$&<3>" 'dig out'

eft,oeoos1<e«i0 'to drive the car' aoogoiTtinj" 'sigh'

704

NOTES

16.59.1. Adverbial clauses of time are introduced in this lesson.

16.59.2. By adding OOJOOO to the past and future relative participle andgsofl/gs6)CD to the past and present relative participle the adverbialclauses of time are formed. When gsoft is added no furtherdelay in action is meant specifically.

(a) eimodi ojomenjooo njocn/l6)cr>

I saw a snake when I came.

<9>6nf.

I saw a snake when I came.( M srmorib aj«B(Scnjooo njocruifflOD siosra

When I come I will see a snake,(c) ca> ® a/lgloo; gssxD/gsaJ 6raon5

I wrote as soon as I got the letter.

I will write as soon as I get it.

16.59.3. gsn3/gss>cn can be added after conditionals also.

I shall repay the loan as soon as I get the salary.

16.59.4. Note that when the main verb is in the past tense the adverbial' clause with oruooo can be either in the past or in the future

tense form [ 16-59-2 (a), (b)]. But if the main verb is in futuretense the adverbial clause verb also will be in future tense form[16-59.2(c)].

'••-• - . ' •"." '..C /"."'.• " - ' • • . . . • ' ; ' • ' " '

UNIT 16LESSON 60

CONVERSATION i

Q(tnofflcro°: nQcmo soqj is6iiraro>i6xr>orB3 msaBaAl siom^saB WJtiy, Damu, your face6>gocnoo ODEEOO ojiajoroi^jcruoejoca)i(sgj? jg sO dim ? Haven ' t

oruo(5 o ^ ) ^ o_io6iwro5? ojinofD (3i6)nio the things worked ascruoeoaicn ocreio rsicmT we planned ? What

did Panicker Sir say ?Didn't Varghese Muta-lali give' any donation?

70548—3 CIIL/M/80

706

aicra

ogjo nnoriiootoaaai

6)ajoo)1ej<ngs

mo(o

OCTUO cojcsmoi

<a>1sceao

onnomecro.

CT)1 OTOTOo.

o«nomcrou

(BTO60Q C l J S . a J g g o (BT?) OOjeJ6)0QJOat0o

onocno

As soon as I enteredyou started shootingquestions. Your ques-tioning is like theheavy downpour ofrain. Shouldn't youpermit me to sit fora while ? Am I notcoming in the hotsun ? How does theman whose stomach isfull know the hunger ofthe hungry ? You arealso like that.

O.K. You may sit.Not just five minutes,you may take halfan hour. The Presi-dent's chair is vacant.If you want you maybe there. If you arethirsty tell me. I shallget you lime juice.

Don't make fun ofme Thomas. If youwant to drink limejuice get it. I shall alsokeep company.

Friend, is it your planto drink lime juice freeof cost ? That youmay keep to yourself.Don't play those trickswith me.

You are more terriblethan that stingy Muta-lali.

707

e«nofl)crou: (aT86TO6)(D o-jogag) cutas)§ taofoâsraoo aoccoo

omooofi. (BTSdrLjooo oiQuyiorv Qto ie jog i n§g©

? <83ejo(s<ft)^3o cuoAnsfl e<a>o<aruai

afl)«n1roo(S6mo (SIOCQJOOO?

3015: a{j)<Bso,

6njcru)o

oj1cu>°cui>'l<a.oo.

onnoflioro0: 6nnoon(tncn9

son:

ooi6oi3go«Bo cruam

aio<ss°

6>(tnos>1aj)o,

s o i g : 6wno«(>']<9«>ocroo

ro>£jqo<s«>a=jo

Let the things comeout one by one likethat. What did Var-ghese Mutalali say ?Is he against the anni-versary celebration ofKalakendra ?

The relationship ofMutalali with art islike that of Abubakerwith Amavasya. Peoplewho don't understandthat are fools.

When f told that, youdidn't agree. Nowwhat has happened ?

Wasn't that the obsti-nacy of the President?Is it possible not toobey his words ?So I went. Evenotherwise if we wantto get the things donewe should be preparedto do any thing.

When you caught thedonkey's legs whatdid you get ? May bekicks and trampling.

Neither VargheseMutalali nor his peoplebelonging to sevengenerations before orafter him can kick ortrample me.

708

mnrfl .

COJCOO OJO. (ojoroiojodiQ

VOCABULARY(D 6513(3?!

oooraffljsos)Oj|

NOTES

<63g1cQ)0<aao

t&>auor>1

'dimness' crooeocucn' to Shoot' n£j)0a>oj|D

'arrows of questions''heavy rain''easy chair''lime juice''lime juice''friend''plan''opposition''annual celebrations''fool''donkey''to kick''boasting'

C3TO6TU CSnJc96)AtBQo (aTOffiOOJOCTX^g&o

That is enough. Youplease stop boasting.Let us write the pro-gramme of the anni-versary celebrations.The lime juice is therein that shelf. It isbrought specially foryou. You drink it.Then come soon. Bythe time the Presidentcomes we should havefinished all our work.

'contribution, donation''shoot'

'to shower''to be empty, vacant''to make fun of'company''free of cost''centre of arts'

'obstinacy''leg''generation'

anjcruuo •

The Muslim person Abubaker in the normal course will not be awareof the importance of Amavasya the new moon day which is observedby Hindus. In the same way to indicate two unrelated things thisusage is applied.

709

n-/ls1<ea<ft>

Literally means "to catchihold of donkey's legs," meaning toget the things done. Idiomatically this applies to any situation whenone has to approach some person whom usually one does not care.

EXERCISES

I a. Write the contracted forms of the following.

. 1.

2 . OJ£ji0QtaUu.ar9<SaiO0S2)o,

3.4.5.6.7.8.9 . rooitgTcsjJo oj<ft>ejo

10.

b. Write the expanded forms of the following.

1..

2.

3 .

4. g

5. tDcyaoo, moapoa

6 . 6n3)63B(SSo, CT)i6I5BCSo,

7.

8. <stijoejO6megjo

9.10.

II Rewrite the following sentences replacing the verb form with participialnouns and verb (sa>

sn>u (masculine, feminine, neuter respectively).1 . otooioft oroicorooo" ojej1<9aom1^j.

2 . (mo@° cncmoani

710

3.

4 . (BraojcoiSQ0 SKrowraroô g6n§

5. (y6 . rerecuooaeo s°la/)ces>6rr>o.

7 . rarooojoooces0 o_i6mo

Ill Rewrite the following sentences removing «n9>anra° and participial nounconstructions.

2 . CDdsaooas (sai6rTe1cQ)06no°

3 . 6tOTO0f)OSra° CT)i63r3(8§0§0 C3W60T36>cr)

5 . ra<B6rr>1oQ)OG6rr>o g o © eoCDicoiooojT fstoajro)ri-|e

6 . raT5)roo6TOu c s o e j T 6)îj(5jo(!jrij)@u?

7 . fSTOfflm (STBsT^jorai a ^ © <ftsrara)o6na°

IV Without changing the meaning rewrite the following sentences using thenegatives of the underlined verb forms.

1 . OTDojQrogjOo cncrnooo/l <&>uace>g1 mon£jy1eJOc9scrr>ajroo6rrau.

2 .

3 . tSTDgg CT)iBt)6>g

4 . roouo

5.

6. (SKOEJI sijijôSTm0 (grscunb

7.

V Combine the given.pairs of sentences using the participial noun forms.

1 . oraaiaa" nJ6TT)o gogj.

2. rrurog CDCTDOOQII OJO§ njo§cno.

3 . rsroaicTO" cnonooooil CUOJ^JAILS']ssiodi

711

4 . rarocuA (Tn1ra6>6njra)§n-poro cn1flJ5<9aono

<BrogB6><a>06nf° o j 6 m o tooroog

5. (sroaiooae" oruBosroio g>6nt°

6 . roocjo eocn1oojocs2)1

7.

6)ca>o§«saonra.

8 . orrt ojocqjono.

raw® 6imoni

9 . (Biao§or)o

1 0 . (3I0OJ(S OJ06TOT3J.

6ro>ssT3Caa«

VI Combine the following pairs of sentences using -OOJOOO and gs6>or>.

Give two sentences each.

<ft>6n|.

2 . 615)005 oJOCSJJo.

cnT (grogs

3 . crusi <a.(pi6ronjj.

4 . nJ6IT)<94)OfOOfl

j§3|jc9>06>ro (BOcSSo.

5 . conraTrai c&6n§.

6 . (3ia> oro

oruoejo moooo <ft,1§1.

7. cnLDosmTrtsi c u i g i ^ j .

i (3TOClJ6)fO

7*2

VII Rewrite as directed- v•

(Combine in two ways using - GOJOOO and §SSKT>.)

2 (groaiii6)aj) ca,o6nri>(8nuooo tft§1 <a>roosj)o. (Rewrite using the negative

of the underlined verb form-)

3. craonjgo cSji^Gcnjooo mioncsa" tft>§1njo§6>(ag-|0o j 6 O T 3 ^

(Rewrite using the verbal participleform and ffi§°-)

4 . crojcroio o.i°l§ njggemjooo (2-jcoo(TUo

(Rewrite using conditional -<BI3>KIS.)

5. C(2_) ID1^ ffiOôAejôsmo cft>«>Ttsaoo micsucajT^jHrasnT) raw)

6rr>c9ao

gssico

(Split into six separate sentences.)

6 . nj1ijdOJ<ft>oron (Ba>QQ>'](t5}cm(®s)06n$" cu1|cft>06)ro mocna.

(Rewrite using the <BO-JOO<> form withthe underlined verb form.)

7 . (BioaDoos ngroVlcQ) cftscaiTro^ cnTcrtBo CTOOUXTIRSBOO OJO60BT . raracoooo

OTDCrvJOOo OTTOOJOo oJSCSy c83Sff)Ca)r^_]OOi02)0STTOu C3TOC!»OCgO§U

(Combine into one sentence.)

VIII Answer the questions with reference to the conversation.

1. soi§ n{j)n_fi6)s orfiomo6ni> 0

2 .

3.

713

6O1300

4. ii

5.

6 . eraioffloro"

6HPT.6T5TO3 rararoil

fxg)6m3ff)or> ? (BTDWIICTO QOQ

IX Fill in the dialogue for A and give a suitable title.

AB <BTO<ft>(5RJrcnggcuing. enjoCTijaajgrft moAcaaooTceJo^ enJOQQiroiosnD0.

OJf33o .

AB

ajcr)os)smcTTO

AB tftgiQffloas/lQQJSwnoarraiBgj. cBKocruTe>nio

setssaetcn cnnooDi.

A

a^sisTOToj. • snjosnjf f i^ jgoS gQoJtoT OJOOTBOOJ cnJOcoiTroT<e«)Cfflo6no

sraiajragTcmsiej mo(?><9«oc} aj^cuci?! (BTOCSCDJOMT^J. OJ

A • • • • '

AB ^ g j o c o / i s g E S o rata^ croou)1<ss)1g-(. o_i6)ce&i nntsicssioejo ^ D

csto© cft>1^(BCgjo. mqcnosab tnej<wog)o^6)S eosmcrus j ,

croe^ cros^cQ)O02)1ro1<e«es6n5?

A •B GE20orou ojosrora)^(So_io6>ej aDsxmwoem"

6ttnon5 o j T g T g j . 6ro>od8 (araje^cDOcsai roiogjoooaacm SOB

• (aiD«n1cra° n^g joo ecusmo.

714

A

saom/loro0 6>rusro6i5B§6)s crojeooieworoiii-jool ago OTOOIOQ/I

AB S)nJgfg63t36)g (8100100)003 <a>eJ^06mo ajSOSTOKDOffiej n_IOQ<8jCIJ)8ggO ?

croicw" (arsanicoQjayo, OTornioBxotiniooQJCSjJo

UNIT 17

LESSON 61

CONVERSATION

crurog: curooo

6ftnorfl

cna° on1cn<s«)o1cQ)0(SiBO?

CT)°1 n{j)Q®

g og©rn1cTra a§ you would come, why

didn't you come ? Doyou know how long Iwaited ?

(SraJOCCffiO | D

gJCCXDO?

What did you do inthe end ? Did yougo or not ?

715

716

s u i ajaT)1s)gj©,1to5 oolcsjo cti_iocfi>6n§

raro

CaJ§6)(T>

(tnsicm.

oro How am I to go ?My elder brothertold me that if Vimalathe friend didn't comeI too need not go.

,o oo Don't you knowc/>rm1 that if he tells some-

thing, then there isnothing beyond thatfor mummy ? So shealso supported him.Even otherwise itis really pathetic tobe born as a girlin our country. Boyscan go anywhereand do anything.Isn't it so ?

(3roais><T>ffijT_|06>ej

cmicft.goca/1 cDScaaoab arojonrxgijô

cmoeemo m l ojoo$>rrn<|au? OJOCT^QJO

So do you also saythat we too shouldhave the liberty tomove about withoutany control like them ?Really speaking in myopinion, the freedomwe have here itselfis too much. Thersis some truth inwhat grand-motherssay that the girls shouldbehave carefully.Whatever happens thefault will be ours.Don't elders say thatif we are careful weneed not repent ?

717

Cessna. <rf\ njfir>1or>6iajOo

om<n>°

|DorT)6>ej

6tjnoob n_ioooJ6rr>o

o cr>°\

QJCTTO. (rycnxDomo (t3n_i°lcft>(t)1c9«)6)§

crorag ml

•6)CQJ0S)<9S) fflOOCJOTT)

tft.g1c!Q)0c9s>6ng.

oolrarasiacoojo

(STBGnJOOo (TUtOg nJGSTS-

cS3§T OJ«53o

e g , cnifflaJo €ft,eJiO6mo

CCSJOO I don't want to listento your old puranas.Is it without anymeaning we saythat you should havelived in the 15th cen-tury ? That is O.K.Why didn't you comeyesterday ?

When I was about totell you, you camewith- the women'sliberation movement.Letting vou do that,I didn't speak.

Don't make fun of me.Some day I will cer-

nmoorui tainly estaDlish ?n or-ganization that char-ges this social set up.That time you may bethe wife or slave of anofficer. Then youwould feel that Saralahad predicted this longback.

My dear girl, whyshould we argue regard-ing the things to come.Let us see whether

orxgaa you or I am going tobe a housewife first.We have seen enough

orum of such people. Thenwhat to tell about you,

i who have such a power-• .; f

718

mxo§:

6>ce>ogjio.

ful brother ? Afterdeciding everything, hewill tell you that themarriage is decided.You may see for your-self.

This Sarala won't beavailable for that.Chettan can decideonly about himself. Iwill decide about mymatters.

cnQ<es AOGTOOO. Let us see.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drilla 1. cni SOB aie/Ico) (std)gO5rro° nômcgj coieioflo

2 . raracuA n j o a y c m ^ " asts® cro«>1cs2/O6)6mcnro

3 . etya oj"l§1(ift og jg jo orvracfcroiRJBggjsns" ngjcrro ooT

4.

5.

1 . a / lmai o^)om oroeuTacsy (sra

2 . (008(felB0(& ag)OT) CDSSICT)

3. i

2 .

3 .

° csracurii

n06T

tvg)omo6rts

§DCU

719

B. Build up drill

Model

CnJOOQJGgJO.

GrUOOQlGgJO.

mlart

6KB00ft OJCtDCnJOOo

<r>°\

6I0)OaJ OJOTDCnJOOo

OnJOCSDOgJO.

CSI RB nJO6T0T0).

(njGcsjraaoo6)aiocnrao caoerTOomi j n^mom

(ojooQioacnswiocrrao cftosnaamlgj

aaejicsi)

^" ajejian

•<BT0G§no<> CQto>ejog1oB)06)6iD«>1ejo

fSCT)6>fliocnoo

" snnooS njorDGg-jooo m l

ruo6roraj?

aJO6tnnjj ?

cft>osrra

c u e / l a y (2_|GCS2JO

720

2.

0 taiDcufflg cro°Gcr>ao1<e6)oaS

1 u (3rOCU6>6

cesu (BTDOJ6><3 cr

' 3 . a^CTDnnosra" nQsidbo


1 . eis)Odb (SID^ 6)^jcgj6mo t^crro" mTcrmosotts

(JaJOifti6TT)o .

onT OJODOCEJ

2 .fSTOQgnDo Cn1CT)d9Q°

cnT (BiocgnDOTrini oor>o§

oni comas

OTDffltB

721

J). Combination drill

Model

a 00*1 OJf06TT)o

b tsroswssxD (urixuift OJOQSJXTTO

(a-f-b) ool curo6TDo (IQCTTO0 raroai(a

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

CTHOTBipaS OJ1§1(0b (

(BTD60136XT) (STOGgono ft

(HTOOJfS OJCTT)i6)gja>1(t

(BT060B6)0D ODI^caa" (3T3

CDiCQjnD^jff i j i f f fb 6T0)O'

(3T06OB6)0T) rffTd)(TO Ci-JO

gcuTas croicDfooQ"

S5(!B SiajCrO6>E89jTeJo

nidging nJO<s6Tijro)0?

)(/8JrroT^j^(ss.

CTBffili g j .

6WTO3.

(BT0OJ(JUiffiOJ6rT)o .

8 . | ^ j

qj(BT!noj(5

Split up drill

Model

a, ratooji?) njoajicrrxoi'lflji apo orunn^migj.

b.

n_lO61TOT0).

2 . 0)1 crorunooo/laao rânro a i l a j o f o i ^ 6roiori5

49—3 CIIL/M/80 '•• .

722

gOa-|00Q)g»u

4.

5.

6.e1(n_|OCQJo.

F. Restatement drillModel 1

orojoroxnooo/l

cmcuca"

arv6umooan

, CDT ggm n^)cno° (aroam njoensroj . >

(3T8UH1

ml a«

. 2.

3.

4 . cnT60i3Oo g g g ojoco)6mo

5 . W)6nju3o g6TTSOc06>rtBrB)

6 . (Utoc^yroo oro°(sor)fin1<9«)6TT)o n^)orro° raracsgano muf f ing

7 . eorotmo 6JcnDO0Q)1ro1c96)6mo

8 . OJ°l§a>06>(0 (arD01oo)1c9«)6rE

9 . (STOOD" croicnTmgg caJ0ca>6rr>o n^)orro° «ne>cm

OJOblUlOj .

10.

Model 2OTOCUOo CT)i6W3(SgCSJ)o

(STOOJOo CDiS5B«ga j )o

n{j)Crr>g> (BOQCTDO?

ffiOCODO?

2 .

csn>

cootmooj"

ara)6W3(sgo§0

3 . (BIBOJOo

4.

723

ra{j)CTT>g»o 6TO>60136>§

njocroooo/l

nffl1a«)0ri5

5. rarocuoft

6 .

7.

EXERCISES

I Combine the following pairs of sentences using

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

(3tOttnOSTTO

II Rewrite the following sentences using

1 . (3TOC1JS6)S OtOIOCJ <ftftICDTcB€)OOib

cennejogi cTOoeoajcn

CD1GCTDO§

(sraoisrota)"

oJ06ratB5.

3. (TOjffifoocnio croofaaaiTteacmnnTad0 o joe j Asiceaorib

124

4 . <ft§1<9j6g$o§° ojocsflgj oigrooofl

5 . tSW)

CCS2)O§

6. 30(01(3^0 6)cft>06r caxi^fflaj^cmajftroog ( j y f rooco l^ cnscesioaS cn°l

0<!6TOTO)0 ?

I

Ill Without changing the meaning rewrite the given sentences using otherstructures.

mcjmosori tDejce>og'l<ft><ao 6ioern<>

3.cruicnTiiicaiiejo &,06nt>arT\ cg j ?

4 . maOOcsmsT rooo^tuT(3iaojo6i6TT)cnau ^Cti_jotso .ajiejift mocm^tsruoaej

crroorre.

5. rru°(scif)anRJi!5)1aro jsonniajio ffinnajiuigj agjaira0 n^)gjo smjqn-jaaorojo a i l

6.

7. cftiggajo J3j«n1aj)iflosina0 âs ioe j^© siajicesiorii <8OJ6rB@°

IV Read the conversation and answer the questions.

1 . n/lffl£joQ)o ororogscsjJo r ^ ® aflniiQa)G«jro><0so'l.ajo6nBu cT

2 . o j i n e j njroi1oD6tauoo adjooosnflaib sgT(uiGc96)snsfiJgotxy1«Bcrro n^crra

3 . cu i f f la i ororogocxj) <ft>§1cQ)o<e«)1tffl)S)(!n6OT36)cn?

4.° CT)Sc9a<SID0 ?

725

V Fill in the dialogue for B and give a suitable title to the conversation.

A : 6ta63T3oo or)1cr)a«(saJsns1aQ)osno0 gDamffiranngg moool

B: •

A ! CDiCSJJggffinJOOo djT6iaT> (BOJ61O (BT3)(BroO(2)o C0D0(Jc96)Sng (BT^Q-K/D fflT g j

B: • : •

B : • • • • •

B:

B:

B : • > • • • •

B : • • • • • :

V.

A:

B:

A:

n-JOSTOTCJ.

B : . . : . . . : • . . ; • . . . . - . , * ' . . • ' • -

726

A: si.gj Ti

a^)cm crflejcafl<ij&

(sracsjjooo n^)(saD0

B:A : (Bwannaino CfflOancrbsocru" r )orr)ffinj(O3 c<9j§orai cnifflriio

B:

A:B:A : (3Toce)ooo (tnosi ajgAsmni, AOJIO) ag)¥«ni6)cefi)06n§ cnsiascmnnisib

Ojaj§aou a^)cro)06nDu. .

B : > • •• • • •

A : rawsajooo iBTD6gBg)or>oaJsscuiS«38" oru0GCD(io1<e6)ocft

B:A : O-/l6)CTT>?

B:

VOCABULARY

efeOOo

(2-jauoocno

' to wait for' orosui'to support, to second' a)ra)1<s<a>§u

'they who do as they like''freedom' .

'to be careful, to keep' ' rawing'fault''people of olden days''century''woman''movement''social set up ' oroo"ejscn'to establish' (BWSIIB

'to argue' <fe§o6iu1cn1'powerful'

'friend'(feminine)'helplessness'

'opinion'

'grand mothers'

'mythology''just like that''liberation''to formulate''organization''slave''house wife'

• - 7 2 7 • " . .

J N O T E S .'.'"•••••. ' : •.^'^'" . . . * : . / . ' ; \ : " ' • '•• , ' '

17.61.1 Reportives are introduced. In lesson No. 1 the quotative particlea crro" is already used. The same form is used as the reportive.Usually when sentences are combined, n®cna° is used in betweenthe two sentences as in

crfl curojo o^)crrou

I knew that you would come.

But for stylistic purposes nffitno0 can be taken to the end of thesentence also as in

fi0cnTt96)o1ca)OiBOC!Q)1(!Bonro m l a i rwomen!) 0 .

I knew that you would come.

17.61.2. ^cm is the relative participle form and «<j)cm@o js the parti-cipial noun form. . ;

UNIT

LESSON 62

a>o>CONVERSATION

1 5 0 1

m o a / l o V l : a i e j 1 n _ j ( m o ) 1 s ) o f l o

cuejiaoj

i ? o i 6 ! a a j o 6 > < 0 6 >

c n j i r o i c e e c m

< f t i 6 n § 1 § ( s s n g o ?

< g r a > B 6 r r x a & a r a o a f l

Malini, did you likethis room ? Isn't thishotel grand ? Malu,have you seen such aposh room ?

If it is the sizeyou mean then I haveseen many biggerrooms than this.

728

i l l

729

CCU6TTO:

6tsiDod

6BBgo6no°

moe/lctfl:

•CCU6TTD:

Foolish girl, I don'tmean its size. I meanthe facilities.

ffl«B If that is the thing,tuoroogo (Sooogejaigirai nnoEoroi.g/l it is correct. But isn't

gDro>i6>cr>n_|ooT6)ca)06)c&6> sroel it a fact that only(JVJOCGJO ruocoorft ruoq? §0(5)08 18000)1 §0 people who have stay-

csanogajica* ed in many a hotelcan form an opinionabout these things ?This is the first timeI am going to stay insuch a big hotel.

<wfogs6)<&,06r&osrri>" 6Tmocf& gH) oJ6tsijcT)<ftaj((5) T h a t i s w h y I s e l e c t e d.aaoo§(55Rn6>rrn ns)1ros>6TSTtn§«5T!ngDo. this five star hotel.

Hotel is good. Butredly speaking, I don'tlike even the atmo-sphere of such hotels.This channel music,air conditioning, velvetcarpet, paper flowers,yogabhyasa trainers^cabaret dancers, etc,instil a sort of aver-sion in me.

S3orfi.gj or)o§i6iobo moejKnirtB tftsonigi Because you havecr>1mce6>6BB6>cr)e>c2)06>e9s> never crossed the

o. a $ . ojofôcaiigo four boundaries ofm°)6>oajo«B cr)o§1o3ajog©<s>ofoTs)ojgfpi6)on your native place

aJO6tara)0(0i

£j<&,gs>s

g o , Gccuocnoeôcro

61O 00(4(0131(351 mOKBo 656)c96> SidSi

oroooroooTasmD^0 ? you feel SO. Evenafter passing M.A.degree examinationyou speak like avillage girl.

730

GOJS)S CDOgiaoao

n-io6immo m

<s«nocjo 6)fai6rs1or)s

COJ6TO:

<8nJO6>§.

, nQ)G)Cfi>0

smodb

moe/lcol:

Because I am anM.A. should I throwaway our country'sculture ? Should Iroam around thehotels'. ?

Why should you be soexcited ? Will we loseour culture if we stayin hotels. That isO.K. I shall tell yousomething. Malu, inmy childhood I hadnever even dreamtabout such facilities.Even my imaginationcould not travel thismuch of distance.May be because of thatI decided to have ourhoneymoon in this bigcity. I thought thatyou would also^ likethis place.

» ag)cr>1<flsu 63ro1sgsg)o If you are with meaj6>ce&i mm§6)s mo I don't have any

goi)

§T6>£j nJsimjora <L6rTxab

«9.ooQ)eg<a.go,u n^)s)ono

displeasure anywhere.But our sandy beaches,.

ma>&(t>naf\ backwaters, greenfield*, temples, etc.,have attracted memuch more thanthis.

: aajfflrra:

j : f

!:

aioeg ORB cfl>(Ucs2J(g)1cQJOS)6iDcn9u artr

Ol 61010)1 (!88CTD fDj^JOgJO.>ooJ (sra Malu, I

that youpoetess.

never kneware a

731

tcusra:

6n§ tuo<9a njosroro)0(3i (BTdgg (SJCUT rcncfiiOdSi

(S1BO? (STOCBrUOOo G.aJ§a5 n-i&9"(SnS)OCS)

QflB Oj1lB(%C/a<ft)Or)06IT)<Sg:)0.

!|D6i5)j'lon8locuon6i5i3u

j6neocQ)1rtBcm'lgj. cnoej croo

moe/lcrfi: siaggQQ/1

Qcusra:

If I tell two threewords about ourland's beauty w:ll ibe a poem? In thatcase you are a criticwho knows only topraise.

(E<e>o<sg&1rai They had not taughtus these things in ourEngineering College.Literature students likeyou would have learntthese things.

That is correct. Theywould have taughtyou at least to build abridge that collapses,to take bribe, etc.

You have got a. goodrogy idea about the sylla-

bus of the Engineer-ing College.

o-ii- Though I don't knowabout it I know very

ouotoogo c<fe§1| well about the Public6n§°. Works Department

engineers. I haveheard a lot.

troroi. ww/l. cejoajajfoTaJcnio aj§6W>csj)6n§ T h a t i s O . K . Y o u

cg jo . n )CDi<96)nn1«jJ croGcrcnDnMGfflofjjgg . p.re Very w o r l d l y

§1a j ) . O J O 1 .

CTKTDOCSlli (BTOOiCOOo

- = - . . = . . . . nji6xmoQ)o<e>oo. COJ wise . I a m o n l y

cn<> eonrc>u 6»(0360BicQ)1o6iji3e . CDCQ<96>1 cncnra h a p p y . L e t u s d i scuss

6)IBO6)<96) OCTTD ^jjooTi06)osmoo. CDT6>CTT) C/OJO a f t e r w a r d s . Y o u g e t

croo c gTiSQCTD goo (3racto)(oT<ftai(!Hij)T(i ODTCTTOO r e a d y s o o n . L e t u s

OOJOCSJOO. g o r o u n d t h e c i ty

and see. Let us goout of this atmos-

• ' -..-.... phere which suffo-. cates you.

732

- D R I L L S •• ' • ; • ; , - . . . , :• -.;_• - r - : ' . ' • . . , ' .

A . Repetit ion drill - • , • • . . . . . . • •

a . 1 - cDiewsfflgeri-iOfflej oîgjGcaio <sn_i6>ra stmonS a>6ne1(o1<068cnB I

CTfl

2. goo

3.raraouft

1 . CD163BOQ

CT)i6St3Oo

2.6TT5OQQ/1 fKCTTO.

fiBCTTO. '

p, 1 . O_IEJ CTUTCDTIEO mommeô gocuTsis «j)Offlrro1^y1roT<sfflo.

n_iej crunor)1(iiOfmofD60T3go g n

2 . <3roajS)(0O6>t9«> Gcsuotooeôoruo

3 . CT)O6)g gOD CTUIBCSDo 610)003

cnosig go's oroaoojo GTSIOO^ a^s i r f lo OJ* I§T«A r^)«5tO)10Q)1|snsooQ)1ro1<9Qo.

Exp^psion drill

1 . a aoc runn 0 aj1»u(mB)1cQ)1fo1<»scnB.

C1J£JOQ/1<05

(BTO(sgan(tJt!j)i6)CT) a j" len |a

• < 0 a o r r o . " •'• • . • , •

733

2.

snj)ooi •

rt-HOBft (Il<&riii6313t5ad9s

CT)(OTO)o

ssrsoco l tD3orro.

3. ojej

smoaoo

6TO)OCTOo fBTOfe§ran(Btm1ffimO§ nJO6T!Jroi1(t)1c9Qo.

6TD)0O0o

(sroGgaO«>nj>1eono§ m1e)omp-job1 .a j ie j

SSBOo oJO6T0T!3)1 ftlT <08 o .

6306ID<96)OejlIlOc63CSaiJOOo

6T0163T3OO -

734

5 . SD<D <03§1<a>6>gb6)cas>

cugt icno

gDD a»§'l<ft>6>§06)<fls> rugAcno §

AO sratrnm) col soa/1 <rib

ajOsrTOCTDnnicniscsyTcai cugAonra cuajtmocsuT

cumra ca>o6nBrm(iS)1cDnscs2)T(o5 njgAcrro cue jono

aianro

oionro

ojcrro.

go^ ift§1ee)6)gofflc9«)

00)1 afiUpT 6TDTW)1

gD<!>

o j g t i a n r o OLjejnnoocyT


Model 1

^ miora

2 . 'or>(n$6>s OIT|<9JORBO

3 . 6TO>QC(5 (3IB) C9JL0

4. )5 . 6nj)60Boo raw)

6.

Model 2

2 . ratocojooo GOCXJDICSCOJO (a jonjocnajo

3.

735

4.

5.

6.

Model 3

2.

3 . nJgzED

(319) <fl>LQ6)OQ)06>c96>

aooocrnooo go1!) rromcxao 6ra)bmoji6>s

ffi6)OOCfDOOo ^ B CTOffiQQJo 613)0 ODQjifflS 0^)010)1 Cffl1

e6)0Oo

6to)omosrra°

4.

5.

6.

Model 4

rawsorn

1 . (OOOD O(!B <ft>LD 1 1

2 . ocu6no foo(JD6)oai r r u u

3 . ejgf lrtns®" ojo§1oro° § |

4 . e o A y ^ o j i r u j a o j i s x D cug(3(Oio»1cQ)n^6nsocs2j1fS3(Tro.

5 . Q<a>(/oajcfl<ej§1 fflcesffl

6 . (BtoaDOcocSa0 n_i6m<>


Model 1

CDO§16)EJ

gjoooucsfi£i0o tu1§1|6ngocQ)1ro1<9ao.

aj*l§o

m>aj(b

736

2 . <BTD(«5 r n g j ort-icn ift>6nBT(o1<e<sorta.

3 . crOJCTOo GnJRBo <ffK>O_li6>S ri{j)9l(!5)1oj.aj1n>'l<98m0.

4.

5.

Mode! 2

6nj)ocioo

1 . , gDrtniejo

2 .

3.

4 . t3TB60BCT;6)(!It!n 6itD3 CrOJaJu.0r)o

5.

Model 3

1 . aKjTji dn_iocsii1<B6iS'i6roni)Tr33(n3.

2 . OTOCSgaOo A ^ <SsSi^j1n!3tTT0.

3 . (vgrocsSisfljimTrai r u e j 6)6)«nca>go

4 . (maCTTDo 6I0)6!SBOo

5.

Model 4

ajmr)1«Bonro.

(tnom1^6nsocs2)1c03cinro.

«nom1|6n§oc!Q)1«Bom1gj.

1 . (HIB)

2 . OTOruoo nj<a.(DJcrofficQio

3 . 6T!nooa (smraexoro) ^

4 . raratsgaOo n^gjoajerooô cuciOTroiiioaoo nj06roro)1|sneoca)1ro3Gnro

5 .

737'

Model 5

1. (8TOOJOO

2 . <fi>§1<ft,Oo

3.

4.

5 . (BI0CUO5

Model 6

ools)cm

n-J61CDS)<efflO6n|

ajofisrin1(t)1<oeo.

acm

1 . (SO, oJOOo CT)i6iSI3Oo

2.

3.

4.

5 . (SO)

oao(rtj)

cnsf5r3)Ts)(S«)0§c9«)OnS

Model 7

1 . (aTBOJra36)S

2 . (StaOJOo

3.

4.

5.

50—3 CIIL/M/80

or\j(Di<e6)oroo

acnaeruoego i

gOS)<9«) OrUo(TUOfDi^)1f33CTT)TgJ.

c0>1§ocii

738

E. Response drill

Model 1

gogj . 6ra60i3oo

1 . 6)CT)nr)ucjcuT6)Ciio (BOjdsm&LD cn*l

2 . <9s§1c9s)0ejo(§(!r)«sS mT6

3 . cni60i3Oo ngjgjo rUfoTaaicmiejo armoo

4 . ca^TamoeigH)0 cr>i6i3i3Co ^ a > o c t o o § u

5 . (3K>5<OTO) cuAnMo go's cruiBcaJo misiSBOo ans

Model 2

1 . cr)T6iST3Oo

2.

3.

4.

5.

EXERaSES


2 . cft)0t0io-f<TO)6nbo+fig)89>1(tsi4-610

3.4.

739

5.6.

. 7.

8.

9.10.


2.

3.

4.

5.6.

7.

8.

9.10.

II Rewrite the following sentences in the tense specified within brackets.

1. oJ6i5uro<a&K®ffinno§ej'lflj5 otajsnD" cmcuAtmg". (P^cccnt perfect)

2 . (3iD6wnO6i<as>

(Past perfect)3 . e9s§1<esioej^®" raroojab a je jô {gtîcjjnni^. (Present perfect)4 . go® giyjofl 63ns5 GanogroS tft,srEi 6n§ocn)1fn3Gfmo? (future perfect)

5. gD6ai36WD 6}tDcnnro°lcaai(3Tw1ra5 ojgt&rminBorra. (present perfect)6. cn&ranncfc'liaorb mgf^sngoaîQQjiroiaao. (Simple future)

7. 6D6r2i/lcr>1ca>(&[BOri ©rLjogiajiom ruoejo oJ6iDics2)1^j1|6n|u.(Present continuous)

8. (sej0ta>ruro1ajcsDo cn)cnjoa1^|1§(ssrEO? (Simple past)9. ca>Qj'1'oq)6)s eoojcDCnjoejo (aroigj) (gcoo oro6T2ijfo1 j1n8cm1gj. (Futureperfect^

1 0 . s m i ^ j mo§Ts)(Tio (DoejimTna c&scmiglgjocejirajanra. (Simple present)

1 1 . mosvgogjo mTooTs!si3aro!iicQ) © as1 fflajqô. (Future continuous)

1 2 . .ffliooisrortnocrrao ascyoeja gD9 crumcEio cocu/lQOQJO <Bcfti s)€ft>06re1f3}crn).(Simple past)

740

III Rewrite the following sentences in the corresponding negatives.

1 . tjjoiosjjffls ojejijxjRjimisinio Aom^sxmsinôo']. 6ra>oa&

2 . <a.ej^06m(0Ti5)1nBo ruejGroosjjo

3 . .aUocnrai mAcroidK)" a£)gj

4 . aj(S6ng emoc& gora siojorosKOTOin-jool. croJnj°ooo

5 . CTuOfioiiw^ njisôt&LnicejOo §0(0)1 oonnjooT

7 . snjor)f3i<96)0ejg©o mtacuA

8 .

9 .

1 0 . raroGgnoajo 6)6i

IV Rewrite the following sentences using, the participial forms of the verbsand the respective forms of orajsna0. Add rarajsna0 form to whicheverword you would like to emphasize.

1 . go's (srociroifoicaaio swiocib

2 . CDSQjms cnioocnor&LcfleQjooQfi go") e>anm6)Gf(mt^r^pa!>" (saagnnmsfleicn m l

/1 i i

3 . crocag

4 . (sraffignOo (n-joroocnotwitai

5 . orujormo ajT§i6>£J

6.7.8. mcôs ar)0§i6)ej

9 . ca>sejoorVfi4«S6)Oo

1 0 . m l gDS)ttnos)<9S) ^nag6>(T_j§o ogjcrra snnooa <ft>«Bft!)1.

V For each of the given sentences, write sentences in the present, past andfuture perfect tenses using the various forms o£ gDroitss0

a s We!l as gD§6nf °.

2 . .tarajflBo ccsDOcnoeiOcroo

3 . OTaojnBsis oruiiasco^svOTmjvjool moisgjo oj<ft>«'"Kirmo.

4.5.

741

VI Read the conversation and answer the questions.

1 . (soj6rrooj1na° oôroiosna" CSOEJI ?

2. ffioj6nocijo. moe/lorflcxyo mcncorarsiiaej

cr>06rrou?

3. eojsna cue/Ian 6>rt5iros>6Yuro>§ce6)Oa&<B6$

4.

5 . moe/ lcn icsa 0 (gTOcra)ro°l<eaio

VII Continue and complete the dialogues and give a title for the entire conver-sation.

6)cru(aj§oT

(3TOOJCrO(0o

CD°1

ajoory: CDT

aiocry:

roi(03o.

ruocojonb

croooToo ojg6)ro

onscrra

cpsanro

rruool <smo$

CTUOQ

croooT6)m onmnoccji

ojorry.

aruoQ

742

VOCABULARY

CD6T® l6) f i_ |6pD

(5TOCTO)CD*1 <ftfld o

OfftCOJfft {QatSTTslfiMOD i6513

«fcAoeiuoo mAflno><a>Ta>oc

(3T0(5>W

cnogi abi-tj ogGDdiiOroi

f>,J<fla*P (2KD

O lOP.lo

ojooiojflufli»n

^xJ(?>^J

.CLjOol (06>O6TTO

C/D JOCTO o ( B s i <0Q°

'majestic' giyjcft

'foolish girl'

'five star hotel' G&&<>

'atmosphere'

'channel music'

'air conditioning'

>° 'velvet carpet'

'paper flowers' ccojocooeiooroo

'trainers'

* 'caberet dancers'

'boredom' (BTOO J0

'border' <&scsao

'village girl' crooqôroo

'to throw into dust, to disregard

'to wander about' eooion

' t o a t t r a c t ' <ft>cuco(fl3)1

' to criticize' ci/lmr&c/aa>a&

' b r i d g e ' nJ6TT)1CQj1<9Q°

'syllabus'

'worldly experience'

'discussion' ©(masi?0

'to go round and see'

'to suffocate'

'big, huge, grand'

'grand'

'yogabhayas'

'aversion'

'to cross'

'culture'

completely'

'imagination'

'poetess'

'critic'

'build'

'to get ready'

NOTES

18.62.1. Compound tenses are introduced.

18.62.2. By adding the finite forms of Sf!)'1<s«>o or verbal participle of §os° +<D6n§° and its other tense forms to the verbal participle of the verbconcerned, perfect tenses are derived in Malayalam.

743

(a)Y I have seen.

<a.6re1§6nt°. J

(b) )Y I had seen.

J613)005

} I might have seen or I would6fij>oor5 <a>6ne1|srmocsj)1ro1<9€8o j h a v e seen-

18.62.3. The future perfect forms (the last pair of the example) indicate asupposition regarding the past or future.

18.62.4. Usually there is no distinction between ffiroi*®" or sfsm" constru-ctions. But on some occasions the past perfect formed withg)«Bcnd may also indicate the past continuous or habitual where asthe ge|6neoQQ/i(B3cn9 form indicates only the past perfect.

f I had taken.6TO)Ooi5 t&>«>1.3/lca3cro | or

*{ I used to take.I or[_ I was taking.

ennoab Awi jigsrisocxyinBcrro I had taken.

18.62.5. Past perfect, ie., g>nucno Or gD§snsocxDi«Banro forms are needed toindicate events which took place long time back or before a definitepassage of time. Present perfect, ie., after gDrtrtaa™ or gQi5^"form indicates the action that has been'just completed or has takenplace some time in the past where the period is not specified.

UNIT 19

LESSON 63

CONVERSATION

: roouj §D(®

c9>1scnroo65iBicc!Q)o?

ro6T^ffiocn)o

Bhargavi, where isRadha ? Has she

e ? slept so soon ? Aren'tthere only two moremonths for the ann-ual examination ?

744"

745

<as>1c9«sonR>!n1gy.

(mejenjamwo&smcnoo ruosrarm" Telling that she is(grarcno igsTQqjorai^ having. some head-

ro6rr§ <gcno s1ajcrusiocx2)1§aj ache since evening shecorxsira 6XOJOGOJ SCTTOO has been lying there

t all covered. She hasbeen like that for thepast two three days.She is not even eat-ing anything properly.

<s<a>(/B(uoi<sJ§1: og)Gomo§

g>u? £Bior)i6ror3)ociaT)o 6Dame>ej(si3Q)o o_io

6ron3)1<TB6wnDsa.1roa 6mocr>o vnm>(oab

• am o j i g i ^ y S)cft,o6râjro3[riocs2)1ro}onra

crnicDi n j o o i g j .

go

Why didn't you tellme then ? Had youtold me yesterday orday before I wouldhave brought thatSankaran VaidyairNow it is not possible.He would have closedhis dispensary andgone.

@0(?>£fjci/l anon): 6>6)ojai6>cT> c9)O6rr)iGc9«)6T^ (3TOCT\>6us>mocnd She d o e s n ' t h a v e a n y

illness to be shown toa doctor.

<s<6>: c 9 3 § 1 :

s o : raraaai:

rUT 6)CTT> ? Then ?

o_fi6>cTDg® OJOCOJOCDO? OTD^J"\as>dl> S A O T h e n w h a t a m I t o

6 i a j 1 ^ n j^ jn | sn§e^ jo? <BTD@ (tnaonr)' t e l l ? Y o u h a v e spo i l t

' her with too muchof affection. Thais the reason. .

snnoaS

6)<ftia6taij1aQ£aocai1ro3CTTO.

' ccft If I had not pettedt3n>roi1©1cS«)S)§, her you would have

petted. That is O.K.Tell me the matter.

n^)frunjro)6i2ij

6m. Gnjoejo.

ecu It seems she wantsRs. 75 now.

746

0J6TD0

sttnonJ

o a l r r o 0 crumoaiggD0

eo:

oj&Jiocy arcs ®<e>? Why does she need10 Acgj1ejsniocE)1«B such a big amount ?

C3TOOJOOS)S rural dwHO Had I had that muchof money I wouldhave given her exa-mination fees on time.Should I give thefine unnecessarily ? '

rugjô tatoajoo fficnrjy'lejo.&siioQii Had she understoodor>onooca)1ro3cgcnr)6)<D ! such things how fine

ojflj)i6)m^ n5)1<&>6TOT!3). (OTCOOICSO, it would have been !mmr paioc96)<oro> She has completed 18.

Has not she cometo an age when sheshould understand thedifficulties of theparents ?

(S<ft>ooceaonDfa)06mcg-|0

(STDOJOo<e«)1nJo

6)0100)0?

m lI am hearing these

<vio. things about herdaily. Tell me thematter. Why doesshe need the moneynow ?

eo: <3TOCLIOO6>S ^ o c r o i s i e j r u i c g g t m o , OJO

orra 6K»onbcui

oadffli c<es)6nsT a i t o i g j o c o l

The students andteachers of her classare going to Tekkadyand Ooty. Her teacherhas told, it seems thatshe too should go. I hadtold you about whatis going to happeneven when she passedout from the school.Had you listened tome then, you wouldn'thave suffered like this.

747

@o:

OJgj (860130, (DGOOO

mo.

Listened to what ?

I told you that youneed not send her tocollege. Had we taughther some typewritingor so she could havegot some job by now.Ammini of Puthen-vidu and Radha areof the same age.Now that fam ly ismaintained by her.She is a typist in theSecretariat.

ruosroni|6)cft.06re1nBcrT)ORjJ

OJ°1

6TD)OCi5

efDo <ft

CT\JSUIBOCQJ1

mcoo

Bhargavi, is thereany use telling about'ifs' ? Let us takeour own matter. Didn'tI marry you withoutthe consent of myparents. Instead ofthat, had I marriedthe other girl accept-ing dowry as myfather told me howcomfortably I couldhave lived ! .

s o : (swam: oJi6>omcTO>o 6!SI36KT> 6ia-iogpmngsu? W h y d i d n ' t y o u d o

(3T95!5i36>m 6>.oj<$p1ro56>anD:9i'l<a& 6ii5)oa& e9i§ l i k e t h a t ? I f y o u

.OJOSI .ojgEg.&igosyaiOQQflttBetmo? h a d d o n e t h a t , w o u l d

I have jumped intothe pond and killedmyself?

748

c93§1: oral rsrogg O-aJogji jooa/liTOcrro nQstcmcrfi&s) J know that youfflcaai arm fflrug^Taor) cro°Gm would not have done

oj6tmj1^1|u (sajpoortBrtsiOTiajJsisês thai . But havingnnoairroT<as)oo3 nQstcibo mm loved and betrayednaajsica^TgjoaffiinBcnD. a giirl my conscience

would not have allow-ed me to live withanother girl comfor-tably.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a . 1 . tBTOojcul g6niOCQ)1ra36)onn©.nroS ennocib cr>o§1(ff5 GojOcSjmOQQ/lttBanra.

2.

3.

1 . anl GonrosKwra) ruoeroTmifJssirmajitsJ 6rrooaJ

2.

3 . memooafi

2 .

3 . A S Gooro6)(oro)

.1. ^jgju 3 n 1 i ^ proam

CBISffignOo

749

B. Expansion drill

1.

EJOlgo

ruo6taT0)aj1eJCQ;o<9«)u

(3ID(TTOO

(sraarro ruosraroi cuie jgg0

srmodb

(3TO(TTO

2.

e j o e o ta>T|moQQ)1ro3crtD.

EJOSo

3.

orooeoojon

S).aJGCQ)6>CT).

750

eraooi

^-)O(fi)1 (03013.

l 6TBTSI1 nsaoDBai ash emiodb cruoeocuor)

t96)1 g-JOCSi)T (33CTO.


Model 1

6101000 <s<ft><5§6>or>.

1 . cngj

2 . cogj cuT§

3 . (vjnnToo) o\>oro1

4 . simooo oTOsgaDrtiTmioor) <a.6neTr!BS)ODa.1(5o

5 . o i l ODODOOQ)1 a>(onn1^j1ciB6ioT)ffi,1(OD raroroi

6 . srmooJ aJ1s1^j1gjooa)1f03S)ODffi,l(oJ m l

Model 2

tft,1§1a2)Tra36)ODajToi sonoo

1.

2.

3 . A a / l r a i 0^)^(0)1 <3Q)1f33S)ons>nra%

4.

5.

6.

751

Model 3

1 . <3TOCU6)CT) <ft>6TISO(!j5

2 . (3tocnjej6i5is6)gnjoo1

3 . g>o6>i9s>

4.

5. aJ6mo orocnjosi^jorab

6. QnnosrSi o/lgi.gjoraS

D. Transformation Drill

Model 1

(BIB)

raroojoo<sa

aj1ro1 j1(iB6)CTT)B>1ra5 orooaao

2. cnT

3.

4.

5 . (BTOffiaJ

Model 2

gggg f5)CQ)°nLJi<sa(iiO0Q)T«Binno.

OJ0mT«B6)CTT)ffi)1(3i OJ(Pc08

2 . (SVDC1J(5 (gtOOi6TOTS)1(33S)CTD®i1(!55 ^ O j i 6 ) S OJf33IBOCQ)1 (33079.

3 . n j a V l ajrm1ro56)crDift>T(0% egy 6KXigg(5roi1(Di

5. mroair5

. .752:

M o d e l 3 ' • ] • . : '

g men

g y l eJO<6ilEO0Q)1 nBCTTO.

1 . o j o a i oj06OTs'l.ajn«B6)CTr>a>'l(!58

2 . (T)(0TS)o eft>O6TD0nS

3 . (BTBUffi OJ«><dffi nJO6TOTt5)1ro36)OT)89jT(a5 fflcft,Oo

4 . ( S ^ J ^ J I C o j o q oj1goru1cs2Ji(iB6)onr)ffi)1(a5 (sraooioojnJ

nJ6TDo

0J6TD0

5.

Model 4

1 . ca>g® ajcmirojQODSjics^ 0J6TD0 t3tBcogg£aocQi1ro3crra

2.

3.

4.

5. fflfflej^tyoiotDTraS ffiaJocQ/lrmsiorn&i'lrad

5. Reinterpretation drill.

Model 1

2 . Q.oJOiOQ) <flj§o6njo (513)00)1 f33eCTDS>1ra? (T06U(B0C!Q)1

3 . fflOfflmcnjnB njostwraj oj1g1^j1(TB6)om©)T(i3i (BTDOJOO 6JOST

fisonra.

4 .

•5.

753

M o d e l 2 - . . -:•:'.••*

m l aJO6i3ra)Tg:)00B/l(!86KTDffl.1(nb smodb \ai«B<LO<a>'\(B}cm'\gji

co l 0JO6TOTOJ,

6TO)0Cl3

2 . (OTBjaJ°jafi>ri5 airm1gJOQQ)1ro3ffl(TDSjiKl8 615)0090

3 .

4 .

5 . (or^Toomo aJ063Bi<S6)06>(moQ)1«BS)aD©iiR^

EXERaSES

I Rewrite the following conditional sentences into constructions indicatingunreal, past.

6tW00Oo

2 . oj1§oJS)ro cuomoraS ajooo) g6n§0c96)1roro)rooo

3 . orocruD^ (BrajQQiotaS ^ s i f y r o i ^ cft>1sifl«0o.

4 . dfcoro^sffsoo £D(D^y1ejOcS«)1cooro5

5 . s)S)ojsiS)cn c&osrryi-gyora? tffrorrv6iio

6 . OT9

II Negate the underlined verb form in the given sentences in two ways.

2 . 656>sn-jT6wanna Gnjooo/lre

3 . cooro6)<uro) ajcmirtssxims

4 . my 6)ojcjg)T(iB6)orn893T(o5

5 . (scncoo gpf^B^n QQJT flB6)cinpi

6 . <fl>gJii c6js1^|1n86)0nn8a,T(

7. ^ ^ j om. i cn .o ^ ? s d a

aiocQ)1(B3ocrno?

51—3 CIIL/M/80

B ^ W S D cjsoaji AlimoatflBBc™:

b1<^ onoaonafiMM .e.oemomo^^cra.

Bjira^ rarociJtS csoJOtdiisoavinBcm.

• - ' — - . • • - ^ ^ - . . . ; • ' • .

X

754

HI Write the meaning of the given sentences in two sentences each.

1 . cfcejoafltiaga0 g6nsooQ/l(tB6>arn»>1<oi gocniajo cocrnaoon

2 . coolcmocan §>Vaar\a!f\g}0<&)r\<!S6)CmB>'\(<ft croimiomo cfti

3 . '

4 . (STOQL16XO

OQARBCTTO.

5 . cfcOro o CT)S(TT)1(!B6)CTT)a.1(I3b a^)g-|OOJt!Bo <!J>6)Cm

6. gxiiof&auo-flaa nj1g1^jlaBS)aDe>1raJ c a o e j i a y o <a.1|iEoocy1to3cno.

7 . rar^cejOixji^j 6)iiJ9g)T«B6)CTDa>iRj5 (srotsgnDfonnioaJo cruoaimnniao0


1 . roocogg" n^)âjasro)6t2i4 (tôjosyffls tsraiajt/Dô

2 . (DOCJO 0roo^g1rabm1cTO sooji^jcsfijooo m>am tsracugns

3 . (ootuaj)S)s (smr^"aaGcS>oa, rawcfflmeso €ft>ej^06mo ag)63i3e>cn onsonrxmo6TTO°?

4 . (DOtO01J)6)S

V Continue and complete the dialogue and give a suitable title for the wholeconversation.

oj(&c/)Tcro°: onccro o i l n^)6>ri5o gojceoao c<a»§1(!B6>cn>89iira5 gD65i36)cn

,j ^ </oro1tas nnono.

aif5a>1arou:

755

VOCABULARYUs"

ojitf«5)1c9)Qa)0

(Dlgg

OjinMffiicSs"oruuaiOTo

c9sg<>

'to cover''to lock''fine''to be completed''mother''to suffer''consent''pond'

ecnero 6>.ojoec

@cft>

(TJ>CTO)

(U0o)1i0Cffi0(& .

(gjcQQJOsmo

(cr^luxnoOJ6imjTc9QO

y '<x>rrectly, directly''sum, amount''to remit''father''teachers''use''dowry''to deceive'

N O T E S . •

19.63.1. Constructions indicating unreal past are introduced. Through suchsentences the speaker expresses his/her desire and states what should/would have happened instead of what has happened.

19.63.2. These are formed by the addition of conditional oâiraJ to the pastperfect form of the verb in the conditional clause and flto the future tense form of the verb in the main clause.

n_io6T!5ro)'lra36)nna>1<D& armomo

Had you told me day before yesterday I would have brought thatdoctor.

19.63.3. Instead of adding racooncmoro (to the main verb in the future tenseform) the suffix-rcQjsx" also can be added to the past participle formto get the unreal past constructions. But this form cannot be trans-formed into negative or interrogative as in the case of racoon «BCTT9form.

(STBgg Olgjggo (3TOOIOO ffim£jyi£JOe9ffli0Q/lrm6)nDffl/l<oa

!

How fine that would have been had she understood such things !

Had you studied you would have passed.

19.63.4. Unreal past constructions can be expressed in different aspects ofthe verb also.

QQ/lflBCTTO

If you had had any need of money you should have told earlier.

If you didn't need couldn't you have told that ?

UNIT 19LESSON 64

crooioa)Ocn(B(OTmo6)s

CONVERSATION

cui6>soooroaioociQjeonDo c^j§6>cn Do you know how

long have I been wait-ing for you here ?

e<&>irt>ciJa_fl§6s: 6nnorib oôiTfts <sojooa)1ro1<9acrro a )crro° Didn't anybody tell youm1aomo§u (sv>,nsio tijo&ronniogj? . • where I had gone ?

756

757

s1ojo<fl>rart5: ogoeRsirogg eaJOCQ/lroiaacrro,

6)iEorT)o1oQi1gj n^jorts (/ooejTcol njosTurqj

§ curoorii aJ06TOTO>iRBomgD <ejOro6tDo c

CURB

qsxa

c<flj(/ocijo_i1gg: (mogg memoes/), a j to ran i c u i g i o e j mo

Cc&gigiff igJ ? (STOGgoOo

«5TO)S)onr)OQJosr«)u6ro)oai

(BTOffigaOo?

tSl!)S)t!y).

Salmi told me that youhad gone out but shedid not know when youwould come back. Be-cause you had told meto come I was surethat you would nothave gone very far. SoI waited.

That is fine. Haven'tyou heard aboutRamunni Menon ofPuttanvidu ? He ?diedlast night at 12. Thecremation was this

, early morning. I hadgone up to that place.I came hurriedly think-ing that you wouldhave come here, jj

Isn't he the father ofDamodaran the leaderof the labourers ?

63(03

cft>iori8oru(%. mooro6aisgoa2)1

)1(tsrocQ

mots Ca joe jo

aro. cuoQjffy

OQ)T«53tTTO.

Yes. He was his neverending sorrow.What was his illness ?Throat cancer. For thepast few "months heWPS under treatment

6><e>06nsaj in the Medical Collegehospital, Trivandrum.In the end, the doctorsalso ga\e up hopes andthey brought him here.He is just completingsixty. He was not at alllooking his age.

758

0 ( 0 0 ,

CQ)1«E6)CTT)©>1(3b

•*a></i)aiaj1gg: (grD6w>06><96>

ccDOceaoccn socmosronD oromooJo A,oerO).

6>a5o (arocn1ca)rora)1<ea° S « B CT^JOTOQ) n_ism1 g

<ft,T S>Scfl«)Oa5

soomosranj

crumocjDOcnc(5ro)O6)s

If they had taken himto Vellore or Bombayhe would have beensaved. Now it seemssome cancer can betreated by operations.

That is O.K. But whohas to do all that ?Damodaran will havetime only to look afterthe welfare of thelabourers. Because hisyounger sister has asmall job, she couldmaintain the family.She did all that shecould. But one cannotconquer fate. IfDamodaran had ful-filled his duty at leastin his sister's matterfather would have diedin peace. He was notlucky even on thatscore.

VOCABULARY

art art

'to wait' goa-j0 'firmness'

' to die' c/DOjaonnei 'cremation*

' to consider' «y«rfl 'hurry'

'never ending sorrow' sKtnoere 'threat'

'operation' eesmojsgg0 'to cure'

'fate' <e,1s>s<eao ' to conquer '

759

EXERCISES


2 . o-J06roTO}_|-6D(!Borr)g»0 - } -

3 . fLjgi - ) - <ft,06TTOo - j - -OO

4 . Ol1g1<96>6TT)o - f - n f t n @

5 . orvxruo^ -(- rar^cDJCnjooo -|_ -

6 . (3ToaBajs1ce«)1gj - j - (simoon (wara.

7. ajgiSrtnroi + gnBaomffljioA -(- -so

8 . cftOOJOl 4 . oJ06TOTi5 _}- nQffl/lejo

9 . gOieaT -\- <ft.1s(mo)1 - j - gormcno

1 0 . nnajcojscT) -)- rai^sna" _)-


2 . a(J)6><Tr>6>t9O06nfu

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

II Fill in the blanks using any appropriate verb in the tense suggested.

1 . £DS0B6)Cr)6>0Q)O<!B OojOdglBS CD*I : nÔTO 613)009 J(Future perfect)

2 . (9i$ ajciM<a.(OTB)1(oJ na)S)aB)y(ij)1cQ)1ra1<^8ona n§crra a r t ? (Simple past)

760

3 . ssi. w>a,ra<aaQrv:(i6)o3o aosssvnA ml ? (Present perfect negative)

4 . gM nJsraumcsaK® cooogaiioJ rar^cooCTTO0 ? (Present) '

5 . (so, <ej§1oi2)6)s eoojcrxsojoejo cara© qraa — : — . (Past perfect negative)

6 . 6>«no!PiejogT Bcnnnocuow soq^meicnruoo'] 6ro)63i3Oo

(Present perfect)7. raraagaDo aneiamQajoejo r^)OD06nao ogjmicea Qanocmcmgs".

(Future perfect negative)8 . SQ<9 ro)1fO6)6TOTO)§n-|T(!j? CDIU^6>S <9><ftfl]1oQ)iK5icDTorra'1 0(03

. ? (Future negative)9. g)rm6)ejQg)o ^ B orumcoo ratocuoo i g s i ^ r a i ^ ? (Past perfect negative)

1 0 . cajjooflorutS erootno ^jjiaj csruuOcgjt&aidfS (/B(rry(«,1ocye)cai06r u (Future)

III Write the meaning of the given sentences.1 . 6)rcJ6ri3<9i§i6>oQ)

2 . (3T9OJ(5

3 . m l (3n>6T2>j(i!6rr)1<9a <Snjoca)'lra36>CTna>'l(oa tsroogaOo 6)6)aj3ôtioej

4 . oJoaj6OT36)g aJ6iaj1^j1f336iomaiT(Di ag)or)Tc9ao cry6iJ(20oa/l s1aj1<S6)oab oruo

5.

6 . rroaic!Qj(!jro)1aD axtxcm •SsSl^pds&cmBi^cA coTraicQJOs mtDCTV6)Jo OTDI® cucbsifi

ceaCDOOOJi f33Om1 g j .

IV Rewrite the following sentences using the corresponding negative of theunderlined verb form.

1 . sroiorooaiaj Agra) 0 (3T0<sam rarocuoocee «a>1§TcQ)1(oTcsao.

2 . 6)6)018^6)0)

CoJOOo OOTOOTBOW.

3.

761

4 . .(/aerugo ee.1§1cQ)1nB6>CTDSj1(D5

5 . nQ)o. nQ. JSCS2)1 j1(iB6)CTna1ro5 65(03 wflnj000)1 <3J)6)S (BSSOEji

6 . (3Ta> fDoCOo ce>6ns'lco36>aT>s>'lfljS cn°l

V Out of the given words, form 10 pairs on the basis of related meaning.(BOOCOO, . (OT ICJUODO, eocucn, QaiQty0 , A g o , cftajoan®!, urmejogi ,

cnjcrujj, orojnjucr)o, axmm", (saasficm", Qanosiejogi, nncro), c&>i6rn<S,

, mos", ai§3_jo, nngg,

VI Using appropriately the given set of nouns and verbs, make 20 sentencesof your own. Choose other, words as.you like.

Nouns Verbs •

OJOQ)QCOU . a / I <&>1 OTTOi c9«c9>

VII Read the conversation and answer the questions1 . Ccftuoajn-figg csroafidfco ^6>ros)C!2;oonroo

2.CfUOOOil ?

3 . socffiosrooft (3T5>roo6ra°?

4 . SOOfflOSt06)CT50 (BTOjaJ°ilffl6)CftO (Ilf06TDOrOffilCX2)Sû (BTOCgnOflJIOTicro lDCnQQJfllOUJOCT)»

g6nSOCQ)1t!B(J0nDO?

762

VICE Read the passage and fill up the gaps using appropriate words. Give asuitable title.

6)6>OJ<&(SCTT>C0<, gDORJBiQBlGo-loOo (TOOm O-IO6TOT0)1flBCirro cf tS

u (HTO6K51ORS3

Gnjoejo — . (sroaoamaifflciJo «nqg)<tjSc9«>SQo;o (so, .cnoej

ggS6tsi3i. ouoroiBTgj o jonro

6)nJ6)§rm0SrRlo

g j . <a>oe/loro°

eoroo onnocmi. orosi i?8cmo|ajOB)0afflocft Gajoejo . eooajoiiêsaas

roro)Cn_jooo • muim

IBI3)0Q)1.

eocnô. rsns^Si i fd i âreirao conni airtBmocQ)1«Bcrta.

raraaicniQcsBJirai <3ig> —•: mifflicesafflnBi ajcmcgjowoerro0 Qoianmi^jja0, raraam

0Q)6)S OJ0<dS gDSJBOCT) CDCIKJOQIfflnei O l fO i ^ (000)1 flBCTO .

s •'

UNIT 20

LESSON 65

CONVERSATION0 : cruaoosoioB <a>snBio j

763

Didn't you see today'spaper, Sahadevan ? f

CTOoDOSdJCib: cft>6T"B8gJ0. finjinOOOTa

CT)SCTT> aT>(0itSCn69B§6)5 |g

ogj «non5 ojoooocft onJOcBior

m»1(ni I did see. Aren'tooloo) you going to tell about

the mass murder ofHarijans that tookplace in some villagein Bihar ?

764

, (3106X0).

§06013006X010) ((9) 0DS<9«>0Q

6>s

cratoiocwo.

<a>i_n

ci/lc/DJcru1c0s>ocsm csanocnaanoi g j .

: oroooioro

<ro

G®(tAlBO(l?))S&OA

tDlB0C!Q)06rTDo

Yes. How terribleit is ! I didn't at allthink that such cruel-ties happen even now.Our people are [better.In the name [of castenobody shows suchcruelties.

If you refer to thepresent day [affairs itis O.K. But [some 50or 60 years back (worsethings used to .happenhere. ;

Even our grand mothersays such stories. ButI don't feel like believ-ing them.1

But people who havewitnessed such eventswill have to believe.

i93g1<SS)0C(D0, 6 ) O l g g o

(ig)§<0«)Oaor>O

Have you everany direct |experience ?I might not havi. ButI know well about thehorrible experienceswhich my father had.My father tells us aboutthe cruelties of thoseso called upper castepeople. They used to be-have very cruelly withothers. The so calledlow castes were notallowed to take watereither to drit>k or bathefrom the ponds of theupper caste men.

765

o«soctvaD°: a^)onr>1|° (Broairos)«nocnao ft®m>1rt>(ot3)l«Bcrni8gj? Then didn ' t

oppose ?they

ma>6rr>ffiooQ)'lra'l(eso. roosoojo,

63S)c9«

ogjo. <3TOOJ<& Kiafltovoro/lsieij OTOARI

oJ6><&ai,

cruocuotoem

<es>i6>£-is<s«)0<5o o(j)cmo6>6mro1<9« onnoonro

cniajjffls (D

cr/l<»a cue/loo) t3Toe1iBomiB06TDcgjo.

(BOOQ/1 amoasaanjooo ^

nv)ox)1ono6rrorai(scQ)0s)s GKI-KIBIEOOOQCTII

njoaj jccm g g g 8 . O^)(®8CQ)O

If they opposed theupper caste, death wasthe penalty. The kingand the officers wereall the upper castemen. They used tokeep all the comfortsand joys of life onlyto themselves. Seeingthe cruelty of our landSwami Vivekanandasaid that Kerala wasa 'lunatic asylum'.-

But if he visits Keralanow, he will change hisopinion. I feel thatin the day to day lifeour people don't at allconsider the castedifferences.

cm You seem to be veryproud of the progressof our land.

Even. I know that wehaven't attained thatdegree of progress tobe proud of. But whatI say is that if we com-pare with others our-people behave moretolerantly. Don't manyintercaste marriagestake place in our State ?

766

t fonooecuoi:

gsEDo "cr)s<es>OQ6reoco'lra1c9«o.

._ (3totmi6)CT)nJooT6)C!Q)0(Tra

; ; x 6 ) i t l s o c n o a J ' l f e l - soroiciJiaiorMD aai<stoo6)s

Intercaste marriageseoronntonniroi mocj O-I'&JQQ/IS without the consent of

the parents may be tak-ing place in other wartsof India also. So wecan't claim greatnesson that score. Peoplewill benefit only whenwe fully eradicate thecaste system.


CTUlBCQlo (31000)000

2.

3. gDc96)0ejg©° ruej icxy

2. c g

3. n{8® ccjysiejo <ft>oo)o1

1 . fiDGg-jOipo raraaiA oJ<pcxy

2 . goi) cnogjitnocDnraro)

3 . ^ c a j o o o (SIBOJOO <ft><s>i6TOrB)

2 . cuieai<9>ocr)CBS)o8o

B. Expansion drill

csrotudJ eao)S)n_|soQsngOQB)1«Bcrr)1gj.

OTDOJOO oJOsocj6ngooQ)1ro1<9Qo.

rrujo_i°cT)o <a.06moo1gjo

goonrao

emodb

(TO)

65ro1c06)6)ej8a>1a4o miocfr csa> OJIPOB) croosajo

767

2 . (BTOOJOo CpOTTOo S)i3jC5JOQ6n3OCS2)iKBCn!l.

OTOOJOo eoCOiCQJOCOl (pOTTOo 6)aJOgjOqSrBOCSJ)1(03CnB.

f>JOiAj6)'S>06rBiflB(TT)<8<xJOOo

njo1^j6>ca>osne1fiBom(Bn-|ooo orociJOo eocnitmocojT (T)(ora>o

• , - •

0 (BTDOJCO SOCOTCSJJOOOI

6).oJCg)OQ6n30CQ/l(!BCnO.

3 . OJ1(BSWITOQI(& j g

raraeitojocsjJo

(3tOOJ(!B<5Sn3>OOQ)

cruoorou<a>ora6)(nro»nI|oo1 aiTcssooiooifa (aratutiBCSfinocn)


Model 1

crorog o jT6m cuocnflceeara.

ororag aiT6nD ajocE)T<e«)Ocj6n§c. ] ' '

1 . a^)gJ0OJ«Bo aDia3icjJ)1(D5 CrOoOTOOfOicSSCTTB, •

2 . rroragcsyo cpmnno n j o i c s e e c r o o ? • • ". • • • • i

768

3.

4.

5.

Model 2

" & • • : . : : • . ' ' " > / •

(Q-j<TOoC/yit93crn>.

6I5)00(J <8nJOt9)OQ6n300Q/l (IBCTTO.

2 . ogj^jo ca>0(B^$oi3gi£jo

3. ro)0<5>°rm

4. sicucruo tO6n§(gcnD

5.

ODsomitmoomo?

Model 3

1.

2 .

3 .

4 . (3ra65i3m6xoio)

5 . nJEJ (STBaJc9.S(0T3)1ego

D. Response drill

Model 1

oroo(juoro6ir> n^yfoiooigj. accmo,

1. A cni60T3Oo cn/loraim &oemocissrso7

B

2 . A CDIOTBOO croTcnraoQ"

B

3 . A cniffijsoo oja^<ajo

B ••:...+rrs,.;i;i~-i..-. ..-•••f-.i •;

769

4 . A ODIOTBCO eg®) nj«po (TOicmOCJOCTTBO? ; .'

B

5 . A CT)i60T3Oo nQ)g)O ajftoMOJo aJ«J>1<fi) CrO3(0i<a>Oo OJ063130QOSreO ?

B

Model 2

(araai6)g6)rm(i-|oo1 aofb&aamo ?

6rB0csan(Di

1 . A fDGg-plfo (sracuA nmuulio} ai<s><9s

B ' • . . . '

2 . A ^(Sa-jOyo 616)C/0£JK (SI?) njigilOb QrUOtftOQCSTBO?

B

3 . A ^cnjofo romeroi s1ajoorojajumci ca>O6moQC6neo ?

B •

4. A goojyoyo wiocrtn roo(@1 ajgi6mT cfeisaaoflio?

B

5 . A iDGo-pip,, a )CTTOo (3racs2)OOo cftgg <e3Si<eacaio?

B • • •

Model 3

A (DifflJBgo fST3) n J O | <Bcfl>§1(!B(SnD0?

B 61COi<e6>ej£j, nJEJGji-jOS'o (B<S>OocS6)OC36ngOCiQ)1 rtBCTW.

1 . A Cni60t3go (3TO(U6)g ffiToOi60BifKI Oj1g1^|1«B<5amO ?

B . . . . • , .

2 . A cni65i3go (HrotiJ6)(Djyoo1 aoiSiOTninBecmo?

B • • • . . • .

3 . A Of)T60T3go fSTg) c9i6IOT3)1S)(T) ag)§(0T3>1 (ZBGOTnO ?

B • •

B : • • • •' • ; . • . : . . • . , • •

52—3 CIIL/M/80

770

E X E R C I S E S ' • • • " • • '•" --•••••'•i!'- ' '• •

I Rewrite the following sentences using the corresponding habitual form ofthe verb.

1 . gD(0T3>roo

2 .

3 .

4 . a n i o r u " oroffloaxarortoo 6>ca>o§<a7OTirt8crK>.

5 . aVl60B<3o rarog mmg^TeJOc9«aT)1gj.

6 . mo§1s)cf5o onoejnnloB <ft>scTT)T(!snnr)1gj.

7 oroocjyorao ODOO f5»s)om .agsranj}

II Respond to the given questions using the appropriate habitual forms.

2 . OJOICSI onjicnim mi6ss6)g C/OJOCTUO q

3. fDGjvJOS'o (STDOJA o^)s)nmgjoo1

4.

5.

6 . (T)T(S})o (aWCU(!B6)S

7 . (T)i60Bgo (319)

Ill Expand the given sentences adding at least three more words for eachsentence.

1 . amonDcndb aj«>0<j;n§o.

2 . <!<9>(0§TCO)(

3 . raJejRBo rUOCS»OCJ6rEOQa)1ra1ggo.

4 . 6TO160BOO OT9ai6TOT03 CT)Sc8«>0q6nSCKffi)1«BCTra.

5 . 6)n_16n5ifl3§1<9.Oo

6 . (319) c9i§1<a.Oo

7 . cBToegnno QjnB(OTin1fljnnfD0Q6r§o.

771 -


2 . tmocnjggo, csroQajgD© 6>c9>ogj60BOote6>3-jognD0 Ccftrogtunniejo a{j)22) cnsaaocj

3 . (TUaoesajna mossaexr) ojoayomnniaoflo

4 . CUi(BClJcfl>0Cr)030j CBtfttOgo 63RB (JgOCTpiOeJCDJo nQCm nJO6Igig)6)fff)i]BB6)c9>36ng0Ca)1

nscno?

5.

V Fill up the dialogue for B and give a suitable title for the conversation.

A : grMDOQ/lsisoojooa/l oroiiiCQ)(tjnn1aa0 ajsngi o-iroococB/lgy. gomT

B:A : (STOfnJ- OTB@ C/»(Oi. rU61t6iM CDOfflgffiOQJO 06)OOCmOCgO IBIJTOji 6DO/I61S

B:A:B:A:B:A : ojToom CDi6!reoo njosroro)nnT6)n3o

B : • • • •

B:

B:A:

B:

772

A : cnjsi&aans. nJ6)<aaj onamoo mocjggairtBQS cry&iago,<BiOnJ<tCTK3d)6)SfT) o .

B: . .

A : ocj\josini aiocjyfbaiosxonjool aioigjjaigj aroaai njoajicmgg"foomo aruo1«n1cs)1ej06rrao. (ara>(5c9ao

B:

A : (BraKJBfflm OJOOQJOCS 6ro)0ri5

B:

VOCABULARY

'Harijans' gb§6>aaoej 'mass murder'

'cruelty' (manm.aji 'grandmother, mother'

'miserable experience'

'to oppose' oDi<06>iajoQ)°<a«>o 'to relegate'

'caste system' (soorooaiooio 'lunatic asylum'

'to correct' aj,yt5>iociruo 'difference'

'suitable, apt, appropriate'

'progress' ro§1as>o 'to compare'

'mixed marriage' <SEO» 'greatness'

'to uproot'

'to eradicate, thoroughly'

NOTES

20 • 65 .1 . Verbs indicating an action habitually done are introduced.

20.65.2 The habitual meaning is obtained by the addition of gsmeowith the verb stem and the suffix -rara>Q° indicating habit,

(a) csroaicib .OJOCB)

He drinks tea.

773

fBTSOJOft aJOOQ)

He used to drink tea.

)He may be drinking tea.

20-65-3. As in the case of many constructions of future tense, the habitualfuture form also indicates some sort of probability,

aKooQ6nsocQ)1<o'l<eso 'may b e c o m i n g '<eiSi<s«>oci6nsooa>1<D'l«eao 'may b e drinking'

• • I I :

• •:' I'-^.L

r . • .•••. . •-• -

UNIT 21

LESSON 66

CONVERSATION

, cnT 63mo

cni go© GSnMi6)n_|<ss6ng

<U)6)(TT) GOJ6TDo.

Gopi, you please beratannloa" quiet. Isn't she just

expressing her opi-nion? Do you haveto get angry like thisfor that thing ?

(eanj"riS)0, n^^ygsa0 6>(i_jocTraro3c»8CTT)1s6Haro>g!D Daddy what has she? (3TBOj<sgo§° CSI RBO oiseifn-jocsDo oajosi t o do here? N o b o d y

cnanjoo nnumiioJ croocroo(o1^6»c9>o asked her opinion.We two were talking.

774

775

(BTOOJfflg a / l g i . g j ' l g j <v(J)CTTO

jg6)s (arosiig-jocoo o

cmnnogj?

orvxog: afloou r

"aa> 08: ofliocg, ccu6ns1 oicmorai

<e« COJ6TB.

ens

ro1ccmo§u

(3%6)(O8>1ajo

ororag: (sranno6m(sgjo n joo ico)

ml

orurog: nJo1n-|1<9ai9>cs2)gjacQ)1nB(TO.

ag)<som

Ail-

Just because of thefact that we didn'tcall her, can't she ex-press her opinion?Really speaking, does-n't the matter con-cern her ?

Daddy, are you alsogoing to agree withwhat Chettan says thatwe should conduct themarriage by selling thefamily property ?

My girl, if that is whatis needed, shouldn't wehave to do even that ?

No, daddy. I don'twant a marriage ofthat sort.

You are not the personto decide that. Didanybody ask for yourconsent ?

That is what is themistake.

Alas ! Are you teach-ing me the wrong andthe right ? Have yougrown up enough forthat?

I was not teachinganybody: I just toldsay opinion.

776

, oi»<9a

6T3)0O0o

<iti>jiAuh£i>ab: onamob rruumcino

sc/»tu1, Children, please don'tquarrel among your-selves. Gopi, thereis something in whatshe says also. I wasalso thinking aboutthat.

What is that ?

That we didn't ask forher consent.

(STBjaj°jaiBcii fD63B6)(D ao<sroocno0

O-JOCTOTCQO 6><fl>06ns1«Bomoco8 OTOOJOO gDtui6)soo)1«B

CTTO i^g©or)fa^ca.<saj) g § g e . tsraajcruocno

<sacf»joejo cnamuo§ cgosfloj tsnnocnBo.

cro(0§:

m>aiuns>ab: n§s)oflo <siBO<Bcr>,

r»jo.

aorta cromocjoocrxsocjBji

aj1gTc96)0o.

<mnj"aao, goo6iDo. grxr)1 ago

o, cnoroocn)6rT)aft

crott)gff)CQ)

(arocuges aoaugo

Daddy, if you go onasking and telling shewill turn grey and getold. In the end evenshe will be fed upwith us.

Never.

Get inside.

Please talk patiently,my boy. Sarala," youtoo please get in.I shall call you later.

ecu Daddy, we have toailmi conduct this marriage.T>nom We shouldn't . post.

(•uoajidbOfflooafiftBonra, on pone any further. Daybefore yesterday whenI was standing nearthat pan shop Naraya-nan was saying thatwe are not conductingSarala's marriage be-cause we fear that wemay lose her salary.

migorti

777

(BT9)f)0|(c9>g6>s

OJOOQ)

<a>6mcno<9fi>1aa°

ctmocrraormoonnnsoo) c n ^ a s Gai6inBB

My son, it is difficultfor us to control thepublic. So let us nottake into account whatothers say. Becausethe tongue is bonelessthey willtellanything.It is our foolishnessto answer such things.Whatever you thinkis right for Sarala,you do that. What wewish is only her wellbeing.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a. 1- ororog tatBcugns

2.

3 .

b . 1 . 6ro)oaoo raw) oj1oucQ)6)(aran-joo1

2 . 6TO)65B§c

3 . c9>«>T6Tisro> 6xr>ru/l<S6>(!j& o<a.o<sgs1(o5 njo1caac9>

C 1 . (aroma

2.

3.

d. 1.2.2.

(3T5) tSTDCDiODJOTOo

OJg6>«) «nO5TT0 nJOCTTD6>ca>06rEico1<eSift>C!Q)OCQ)1(iJ5nTO.

ocnsocfi

1 . 610)601300 (BI5)6>(0raJOOi<SJ)o

2. raraouti

3 .

nJO0(J)c9>C!Q)gJ.

j

778

B. Expansion drill

(3TBS)CTT)0S)c9«)

tmajcb

(9H>SKTTK>6)<0«>

2 . orurog

ororog

| avxo

(8)5)8^(11000)1

0005 c u 1 | OOJOQB> crurogijo.

3 . stOTOcft ( j s j o e j i <scr>0cd8<a>GQ>3GQ>1(33(rro.

cnsonro6><9>osne1(33rmQq_)ooo

fS6TBO<7


Model 1

COOJUICQBJO <J<a>|6)c9,06i«1ra1<aaACCJ06nsu

779-

2.3.4 . fD8n-jO<p6KOTtn 6vu6rTOe0i§1ce>oo

esacrro.

6rBi(o1<9aont!).

Model 2o i i nJ6IPo

1. ojtacoTcrv)0 q m e j o g i atre agroioQ) nxiOcg>o1 ons(oro)i6)<96)06rBnnBorra

2 . soomosroaS mwcnicojocntsyo

3 .

4 .

5 . <9>gg<e«s(iOT)1eJe6)s (BTBCSDOOO tuoroogo

Model 3cuism

1. enjosnjajieiofto cmnj°na>m<ia*aio& (stocustcn

2.

3 .

4 . cr>06>§ gDB rroiBCQio 6rm65BOo oroioniffl eSj6r^6i<fl>osns1fo1<9So

5 . (BTOOJlft CDflHl6>g<vJOOi OJ(%(BTBlfllOCT)o


Model 1(STOOD

2.3 .

4 .5 . OQJ^J I mica 6>o_io(a1<Bs<aiCQ)06m0

780

Model 2

(319079 6TO)6CTJ

(3T9OTO 610)009

((BT9OT9 613)000

1.2.3.

. 4.5.

eto1<aaea>OQ)ooa)1(raoT9.

(a=|O\>oCO'lc9Scft0QJ00Q)')(a3OTO.

U g g o <63STc9aca>C!Q)0C!Q)1(tBOT9.

, (scoonJ ics jo cDg j â jo ro i (9.g1cee<a>(3QJOCQ)1«BOT9.

EXERCISES


1 . ml OJT§1(03 OJOD

2 . raid) njs>co) 656)c9s) raronj<ss>s 6njoej,j<ftioejGryrostT)

3.

4 . ra{j)6KTD nJ6Tl§ aJOl o J i . a j i g g g CTOOOifflnSo

(OT0)T61O9O (©oJQJo r^)6)naO lEOiaîraa 6>nJ06lJ13i

5.

AOSTTOQCTlJOOo CSTOCgnT)

6.

7.

oJ<fljfOo

6)C1JQ6)(TJ)

(BT9)86ID0?

(3I9j<56I7>0 ?

II Rewrite the following sentences correctly replacing the verb with the verbalnoun -g<* form and corresponding form of (STdj6na° according to differenttenses.

2.

3.

4.

610)009 IB(30OV)1(09

cfjogi oejdsa

Gn_io<&crm.

781

5 . <sraQjcr>1(Sn_ptfo Qjjannica. gGgc/osxDOcrroaflg-josiOT)

6 . m>noacciBu q jn j ie jog ia j jas m<ft>ai aiÔcLjo(OA,0(o^6SBô <sooo<es>1

7 . oso6m1aj)o, ajmorocoo OJOTOOOJO

Ill Expand the following sentences using at least three more words for eachsentence.

2 .

3 . eraiocti

4 . rarouffi offloao" ojoroi6)<s«)0§€9aift.c!Q)ooQ)1(!BonR).

5.

IV Read the conversation and answer the questions.1 . <smnj"as>aoo ocnOnjTcsjjo

2 . "ocnonjT, (arocuoo oJ06rannrai1ejo

3. croroggg" csro.a_iu.aaaDci, ctooruieoooô cruoejo

njocoooogg c9>ora6rno n{j)onj)06mra0?

4.

5 . (aroiijuiai»a5 OIOOTIICTO ojosrorai a q r u s i rtg)CTO)O6nsu?

V Fill up the dialogue for B and give a suitable title to the conversation.A : csmocscn, m l (BTOOJICTS n(j)6>cra>s<ssc&.ano6rro0? aaiqorai c

B : . . ' . . . •

A : cmosigjffljTroi n_fl6>om g o © roiomcruo nQjCmo aar)1cg63T3O| curoooS?

<l(T)CDffiO0Q)1 6t!J)0O5 Cni6)CtT) O j

- B : • ' • . • • . • • ; • • : - . • • ;

782

A : iBrogs 6><fljO§§o<.. m><Q-)6>ms) roruias

B:A : <ft.g10Q>Oc96)nCS2)(tng-). CT)1 6>OJQ6>ro> (3T86)fB10m8o

csrocuraj n j1s ) rm rucrro c ^ j oa i ^ j o ra? 6ro)Ocno5r

B:

(O)(S<S6)1t95)O0ft n J O i ^ J OJ(33tft>C!Q)0(S6mO ?

B:A : CTAO^cei^cfljOg c r o a o o c s y i ^ ^ s n ^ o D g j n jo6 iaT0)^ u . cr>T J

crunDOQQji^ tSTDOjaruomo aji6)nrr) (3roaj(!> ^ o j i e s gDflBcrro cferacQ;oDro>oca)1

f0Tt9Qo 6TO)0Oi tft>O(S6m6insTOJt03<e5. (3T9f5)6)<&>O6T15 flJOSr3iro3a

B:A : 6raociS cuigi^jeraio? rara® ooroi. m1«a3o

oraraissQ (BOCTTDGOJOOQ/I .

B: . • • ' . . •A : cftsanieiejocrroo cruoajom^j . m°\

fflrrTD cnjo<flj6mo. (siaajissiroro

aJO.

B: •A : gonno smocib n j oo ro ro ) ^ " . roiE6TT)1ajJ6is njfa1tuosi6)QQ)<Tjooi6)cB)06)<a6) ODIOD

6)c96)6BBS)CD (SWOioQlOo ? m l 6tG)0O& nJOSTOnj)©0 <2<ft(8§0 ? fBT^Sô nJO

sraraioraS macnxroa^ssiodb ruo1c96>°. r u i n r m nnfiasiiteoOo.

VOCABULARY

'without doing anything, simply''cat' 6)(7jocrau 'gold'

'to melt' oroo6njcnjui<9au 'to relate, to connect''family property' saajosiae" 'to agree'' to decide' croflm«no 'consent'' to ripen' (qj®l past)

mrooo;u<s6>0 ' t o t u r n grey ' .ôuicu 0 'boredom'aiôr)n§° 'to postpone' azq&stodb&s 'pan shop'«9>s° 'pot with narrow neck'<rtoai" ' tongue' t9j6nf).<9«n6)ej§aao ' to take into accounl*6nj£o1<Bs>ot/!>. 'foolishness'

783

NOTES

21 • 6 6 - 1 . Sentences with verbal noun-g<a> form and copula CB^>sra" a r e in t ro-duced.

She is telling her opinion.

6TO>OOSo (3TOf!J)O(BeJOiUnc9a<fl>0Q)OC!Cy1ro3(Tra.

Even I was thinking about that .

2 1 - 6 6 - 2 . The above structures like ajro3t&>o&io6no°6>dfco6ns'lrol<es<9,Qa)ooa)'lr!>1c9«o etc., are used in place of simple present,past , future: or continuous present, past and future tense verbforms. In most cases they are substitutable though in some con-texts there may be different shades of meaning such as certainty,immediate , action, continuity, etc. In many p laces -g^ structuresare used for stylistic purposes also.

cudBorra H e comes.oj«8<a.oa)o6no° He is coming.

2 1 - 6 6 - 3 . Sometimes-§<e> form with the continuous tense forms indicateperfect continuous tenses as shown by the examples given below.

They have been talking.

They -have been waiting.

21 • 66-4. Note the use of two proverbs used in the conversation.

\ a.

Literally means—'what has a cat to do where gold is melted ?' Thisis used when a person intrudes into any context where he has nothingto do.

OJOCQ)° qjsoo,- oJ6)<ftai rera>ooj|<ft>|i6>s

It means we can cover the mouths of thousand pots but cannotcontrol the tongues of six people. This refers that one is helplessregarding the mass opinion and that people talk as they like andthat we have no control over them.

UNIT 22

LESSON 67

CONVERSATION

roiog)E-f)6>n5o jfcsis 6D(8n_|O

oo/i§6n§°.

o^(ai06ns°

What is this Raghavan ?I am seeing a newAlmirah also. Haveyou started textile busi-ness also along withtailoring ?

Can't exactly call thatas business. I havesome sort of sales ona small scale.

784

785

(Bragg oncTDooafl. gDmioojiotyooo gg6rr>1 «j) Tha t is fine. N o w

those who come hereto get the clothesstitched can buy andthose who come to buycan get them stitchedalso.

oaroi. crooa>oro6m The latter part of what§Doi1§crro gaerni ojo60Bi<flscrr>aje>roo6>ia«> goa/las you told is correct-(3iw6)om «noQ>0n-iT<9«ocj6tT§0. nJ6><&ai ffiol^ ens Generally those who

come here to buyclothes get them stitch-ed here. But the viceversa doesn't happen.

Still there must besome sales. Isn't it ?

osocroaQ0: B o«oej1s)oa)OS)<asi or>T

nJOCJOiBO ?

Not bad.

Then are you the onlyperson to do all thesethings ?

Then what ?

Will you be able tocut the cloth and give,take the measurements,and stitch the garmentsall by yourself ?

wejo job : «.ojqg)06>ro>6338(03 (SSOE.

S><9«06>c96> 6TO)C

crooQroincm a<

53—3 CIIL/M/80

oJOQcmo crooA? 63O<i(DOom1nBu

0& nQ)fuT5CTTO C/DCTUgo 6)cft>0§c9Qo?

TDOGEJOâJlÛ G(D0CS6)6TT)O .

Can I do otherwise ?If I employ one maneach for each workwhere from will I givesalaries ? You justthink about it.

. ' . . . *

786

eroioni ce,0(Dio oraoTcoioob

<SajSCr>lq_j1<8Sc9>GCS)0

cruoni.

ansxHo msns> eaos njoTasccmo,(SnJOtSjCCTDO ?

rarocroio

(BWOnJO (SIOgDo 63(tB

rLDTcTOOQB)T§°

( T O O , raiocm 0106013

csom. aD°

: CTOOOl6>CTOO

6n|

8 O ? (BTO6i3T36)0O

(OAo ^ 6 ) S CT006)OOCTTO

I asked just to knowdfeoonojs the details. I don't

have any intention ofblaming or hurting you.

I know it, Sir.

Is your elder daughterstudying or working ?

She is studying as well<™i- as working. After

SSLC she is studyingtype-writing and short-hand. Then she is alsogiving tuition to fouror five children.

That is also an addi-tional income.

cnogjcMio, As tuition fees shegets Rs. 40 or 50.That will be spent onher fees and trans-portation.

At least that is done.

I was thinking to askyou something.

What is that ?

Some one told methai typists are takenfor temporary vacan-

<roo cies in your institute<fl>o and then confirmed on

a permanent job. Isft true, Sir ? If thatis the case you shouldremember my daugh-ter's case also.

ODOOO

787 .

0 : nnoncnocrro 6>o_i(2-jo§6>rysoroi1ca1. rois>ct5o Don ' t be too anxious.CIBOS" wsisnjTssiô, j*_jas&iBstfgss)o &6)<6a oJoT Let your daughter

ojfos)§. tmoGfyooo <T )6OT3GOD«J)O come after passing typeg6reo<e«)0o. writing and shorthand

examinations. Thensomehow or other wecan find a way out forher.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a. 1. (ssooroan"

2. cft>iaej ojo1<9aa>aj)o,

3. (B

4 . (BTOOJlS

2.

2 . QOTOOo

2,

. 1 . crorog (sracuoo oru°<s<T)ao1 |CQ)o§i6)CD

B. Expansion drill<ft.1sae<a>tsj)o

ojs><9a (ams1<ea<e)C!!j)o

<&>'$'\<&&<a>(V)G>crn

788

51OJgg(!5t!J)1(0?l , eft>1s<9«<ft>aj)o

2 . (arantD aflfKn/lflirawBc&apo

fUWXTT)

Rns)crr>

ansxrn


Model 1

1 . goorta

2 . (srocuA oruj(TB>o

3 .

5 . oinoocmooo smocfo (araojcul

6 .

6msm3Zn<a&"

ajo«j)o .

<snjo<feo.

ift>1s

789

Model 2

A>gTcSatft>coQ)o,

2.

3.

4 .

5 . raracB§nn<!sraflao0

6>.aJ0gj6n5.

6.

d <&><S>1cfl«<9.0IJ>o,

rawnniora s><ft,o§

D. Combination drill

Model 1

a . 5)S)njejT ca>gg

b- sisinjeji 601*1001 oje/l<escro.

COOOTQCIQJO aifeOo<9acn!).1.

2 . OJACDTCTO0 Awicfeoo 6)OJ§1.

OJACOTCTO" G^lJOD < D | .

3 . 6TO)Ori5 .a-laJORSttjVl

. srmooii

4 . rooeoaj

roosonj

• 5 .

6.

OtOOJ*

63os1.

oroTcolai <a.06nBcrra.

<snjo<6«crra.

Model 2

( a ) (BTOCOOOo GOmySKO)

( b ) (HIDQCWOCa (BBOIttgO^ 1

( a + b ) (Btacoiooo momâw <a.06na<ftDCQQ)o, (s iaaiaga^ oru0oruon3i<ee<a3(scs»o

1 . (3I9C§njOa

(BIQCgaOs 6>SVflnflsej1

2- ajocry ej«ns>oc»

OJOCTV ejoinoQ)

(9T9QQJOOO CUTS1(00 QQnJf iJ 1

4. ssosmi(S«06TOi

5 . reraam (BroroTajJo, <a>o1o$>o

6 . 6i3)00fl

6nnon3

Model 3

3.

(a+b)1 . mcjgi tigmicsj) ajOeaoiooflo (Stotimo C^J§QCT»O§

moy aju1caiufj o1c!Q)1(o3 ffimoaaoraffligj.

2 . 6TO>onb igracunsffls cuigiroi enJOcajcmigj.

srmodb (sioojro3S>s cuigitDi CDICTTO rarajdooroo <9>s>1i9«cin9iii'l£j.

3. i

4.(3TDOJ(5 (srocgannjiwina oromiiomo

5.

6. racul cnj§e)aio

M o d e l 4 ' •• : ' - :".,.-.: ••-..• . • . /a<& sgfr uscyos. A

i fl j1§1(0& OIKBo.

(a+b)1 . (BOH (BTao_|0 ri;|e)CT)ff)<&6>OSn| ALDi nJOCQlicSSa .

2.

3 . gD6>crr>6>nio

4 .

5 . OTBdiEi o r o s ^

• 6.

mTctb

E. Response drill

B (Btoaioft <a.roaj)a)Csj)o, nj1srD6OT3c6jC!!j)o sonrao

C/0fOi<9Q

1 . A raroegnDo s>6>c&>g&se/l

01086050 ?

Bnj6V9fli oroJoo>ifl6>0(bas aio(2)o S K O E J I 6)<ao§cearrro.

2 . A (BTOOJOft ^CnjOOo 010(52)1 c98<ft><SCSJ)0,

B cn>u

3. A

B

792

2 . ag^gBeejCgJo cuooQ)'l<9e<&>QQ)o

3 . fflTmajJo, ecuennciio

5.

6.

8.

9.

10.

b. Write the expanded forms of the following.

2.

3 . 6)<6>0§<9S<5<a>o,

4.

5.

6 . (3T9dJ6)cncQ)OC6m(od

7.

8.

9.

1 0 . 6KnS013(JSo, CT)1S5l3(SSo

4. AB

nJ6)<ft&I oJSnDo BCTtDo

5 . A fn)1(B> 6TO)6!J136>g 6$O<3a!II)Ts9«)<ft><SCQ)O, SW)S3B6)gaJOoT n^)S)0f!nG9>'1eja daJOB)

B

EXERCISES

la. Write the contracted forms of the following.

793


2 . (BTOCUOO tftUDCiyo n{p>gDarra, (DOScfttmwTego

3. roocjo ruop ojo§cfl>oij)o, aiTaro 6>nj<tycnt>.

4 . t9j6t0T!33o crO-loJ°CT>o

5 . (srocoooo ogj^jodjAcBao OJCTDO <e>So ' (arocuroiflji cnifflorDgjOo OJEJIOOJ

6.

7 . f00neJOJ6)CTbO fflcBaOo 6)6)Sn_|i65I3o oJOiteSifea2)o <ft.§1c9>Co<9Su

O a J r a .W

8 . CKorrurLD" (ara(S<T)Jnii1c9a<a.a2)o, taracsDoag croiLO(jooor)1n_]1<9s<6jQi2)o

9 . (Bwojoft aj" l§o c u 1 | , ffiocrro.

1 0 . ffiimiffTOTWOOrtO0 S)rU<^<SjOQ)o fflOJggo 61aJ06013c9jtSJ)o

I l l Combine the given pairs of sentences using g*-fs).oj<5jo verb forms.

6ruo<e«)1

2 . <ft>mejrtn6XTn n j o ^ ajo§ani) .

3 . (OOCDCA cBaTsmooTsyej <&>wfS6)QQ)06)<e«

6 . 6TO)Ori5 <D(p oncDoiuioj.

*g)cn1c9a r u c n i bjcrro.

7 . 6TO)OC9

8 . sooiBOSfOffl (arocij6)g

soomosrooft

794

9.

10 . CTaioai ggB ai1§ gj

5 ciios<&>

IV Rewrite the sentences using emphatic ro>6>ono_j-g<e> verb form.

1 . OTOCgnOo ^COTOllBi&Kg (BT9(SI&(o'1t9$)CQ)l(9S

2 . (313) 3)OiQIJ)o 6tO)6WSOo n

3 . aJ(QB)6n§ (B6mi€98u (8t!)(lJ(S

4 . OVIOTSOO n^)(j5) njoeratwoej )

5 . 6nnoor& gDOfTOraiCTcm agjgjo CKoej iapo «j)l(5i9Qci.

6 . fiyo Q»1n4s1ajcro(ijo <sacu&

V Read the conversation and answer the questions. .

1. roortejcuriJ ngjga) cisoeji 6)ajt5jcnro ?

2. rarocusKiio n / l g i s e j orunimT tugnfo orv6Uc9)(OfliO(S6mo?

3 . roonejoiaabo cgrtiroiait&oo

4.

5.

VI Fill up the dialogue for B and give a suitable title to the conversation.

A oruoî gD60B6>cn 6njcrou <ftogE>

6i6)(9S) 6)^JtS;aT)6)«J)CT3)1cr)O? CTVJOOl 6KD0tS3

B • • •

A. OTiosinnoroio t3T060iss)CT) n-iosroujj^g&foro)^0 ? sttnoofl croooTnco glSTd)6)6TDCSCTT)O ? CT0J(lJoCn«5Ii3)1(3S (SixJOEJo GTCBOCOgD CTilJtgjigJ. 6I!5)Ori5

B

o?soej1csy6ngsgjo n )cna o j i ^ j o t o i ^ njosrotmctno. croooicro-

-fioom <ara)(&c9«)0 crooA

B

A <BT0g)o w>ro1cn)0. ADA cuo60i8icsaam(mi6)(T)teaoob

gD(!T>i6>0r)O(0Cl-KTV>0(r)a

B * v < ; i . ^ ; - » - * A i - i - ^ i i ' ^ V ^ . i-;••'.••-"•'"-•••-'•"• •

• A (Bra«ni6>cTXTB>o6n»° ais>1 ? -

B • • • . . . . . .

A cniitgffls cnogiejo n jgffj* g g g cnioejo <a>el%k]t\:£\£e>6<{l!*i(j£aio

B . . . . . . . . r .

A (3TOO6T1J1

B

A

BA (TLJ6><9&I r>Lj6iDa>offi6mo cruoco

eocol eft>6ngo(oi cruocra mmgy

BA rarogBo t/BfoT. (acrooaaôro CDmffU cnTo6tOTJ)0(cft aio(2)o

VOCABULARY

soroooo

'almirah' oiioojorao 'business'

'scale' cuigjoo 'sale'

'having turned on the other hand, vice versa'

'cut' (srajcejoajiaa0 'to think'

'single' asso-proB0 'typing'

. 'shorthand' sôucS 'tuition'

'income'

'going and coming'

<OT(a8c96>oej<s<5rcnoQ)0c9su 'for the time being'

'to confirm' to make permanent'

'to bear in mind, to take interest in'

'to be nervous and anxious '

g6nso<ea° 'to find out a way'

796

NOTES i 7 ••• ' ' ' : V ' r

22.67.1 Compound sentences with conjunctive particle -§<>or disjunctive-âre introduced.

(a) g)6rr>1

Clothes can be bought and stitched.«

(b) (BiaclJOo ggfljAOqlo §O6OT3«a>0Q)

She will not eat or sleep,

(c) 6imooi

(d)

Neither I am blaming you nor am I paining you.

She will say or write.

22.67.2 The different sentences are combined by the addition of -2° or -®o tothe verbal noun form (with §*>) of the concerned verb and by usingthe appropriate form of verb 6>-aJ<5g°. Any number of sentences canbe combined this way.

(BIDED g86nVl cnonggnnro Mummy washes clothes.

*.• OJO(2)O cnnggcrra She cleans vessels.

(aro§<a«)g<saoejT 6>aj<%av>. She does the kitchen work.

<ft§1<a>6>g oJoTn_j1t98crr9. She teaches the children.

<mam g»6m1 oncT>{8jie>o!j>o, OJOÔ c«ngsg Mummy washes the, clothes.cleans the vessels,.does the kitchen work andteaches the children.

UNIT 23

LESSON 68

dbLQdbdb

CONVERSATION

gDOT>1

6Tm65T3S)gOS)c9ffl (SoJOcfto.

. (STDCaJO

CUCTUCTOTCOQIO ?

6TO>06KDOJ16>S

6Da/l6>s(oro>6>cmocyGgj ?

nJ06rora>oejo

eioemo

(0)(lB(&0CQ)1(tBCn9.

Onam is fast approach-ing . The school willbe closed after twoweeks. Then we willall go to our nativeplace. What aboutyou, Vasantha ?

Where am I to go ?Isn't this our nativeplace ? Even other-wise I don't have anyfun at the mention ofOnam.

797

798

ratty IB :

OJCTUOO):

(BTD(SOg|0 ! (3196X0)03)0 ?

oJ§OgJ(!JT!J)1eJ<BgJ ?

cgro.ajo.aj!>aao

(BTDOJCUl

6ro)60BS)s

OJtOO

6reosT oa)îa1

g§6)giJ

Op^G

giJ00fTOo (OT^jidgJ?

aicrooro): . acrramigjoooJictBcrro.

fSTSCSlEB6>S

curoo

(3T9(Ui1S)CT)O

6)cfl€)

ojnroctm: §D<0TO)OJ6m

GKDnJOOl

OJ(raCTT)f5)1

(HTOCflffiOS

oracno

•cucroam:

So sad ! Why is it so ?

Isn't our father serv-ing in the army ?He will not get leaveso easily. Though hehad written that hewould come he didn'tget leave in theend for last Onam.Because he didn't comewe didn't celebrateOnam in our house.

Didn't you stitch newclothes ? Didn't (they)make in your homebanana chips andpayasam ?

No . There was nothing.If daddy doesn't comehow. will mummy have"any money for suchthings ? ,

What about this time ?

Daddy has not writtenanything regarding hiscoming for Onam.But mummy has toldthat she will get a skirtand blouse stitched forme. She is going to cutone of her old sareesand make them.

I know that. I heardwhen she said that.

How many Onamdresses will you get ?

799

OJCTTO.

eanjOocsGnjono0 m>mocuctf> aas

raronnicuias n )(onj)oooaQ)1cS6)06rK)o.

ooos>gGoo)o, ffleooomocsgo caji^fflooQiiroicsso.

01063131(515X330.

I got a letter that myuncle has sent a frockfrom Bombay. I willget it soon. I mayget it tomorrow orday after. Then mydaddy also will getme two or three silkskirts.

ojorocnn: c&.§i6)s (maj"naai>" aaa OJO§° ru6m($6n§o, Your daddy has a lot

oroegy? . of money. . Hasn't he ?

(stosu"riacib 6>S)(2-J<UOQ° Gnjuo<g>oo. csfaocn1oa> M y daddy is a doctor

cuomogo ojsmo 6)&,o§&&o. with private practice.

His patients will give

a lot of money.

ojoroorai: ojoay<smj06)B'06)<9s)

coo (smuffioojo ag)(8omo§ ruoooKTOgg11

(Sra.aJu.afl>CT8o 0(0} S>S)(a_|CLlOQu

0)(5)10Q)ocQ)1 rascrro.

a^)S)a3ooursays

(mcucooano

That is whatmummy alsowhen we tell her aboutyou. My daddy shouldhave been a doctorwith private practice.

croj Don't you have re-(U06ar3i(5itn . latives like my uncle ?

Don't they all buy any-thing for you ?

ai<rocTO>: 6T5)65B6)s ov>jn5)a«)06)(Dos)c9«) 6ro>65i36)§<06>o|!o o j o

aJ65T3§o <sjOfv<S(B. 6i5)65B6)s (Btoa:|B n j o J goneo

cs2)1(5jcm(stijo uio(2)o 6tm65BOa6)c9S)gjoo

oi065i3i(5«n(!Baioca)1(53(Tw. < 3 w a J

(3ran ;je(i ;(oa

Our relatives are allpoorer than us. Only

63O6TP when our grandfatherw a s alive he used toget us flew clothes.Grandfather used totell us good stories.It is five years sincehe died-

800

,010000):

So sad !

&>ias>(x»os><m 6rmooJ (v/lncm o-io6roraj I shall tel l you those*. (sracmo ocnoggj, <e>1§a-fl§g <B6TT>1OQ) stories later. L o o k

siaaocfo coJOiSjcra. &°9Py gassjBOoooofl. there! Ki t tu Pillai is

going to ring the bell.It is time for the class.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill

a. Pronunciation practice

CT>i65BgS)S> 0(Vl6SBOo6>S>

CT)imigS>S> CT)HIDOa6)S>- <T)lUB6)S

(BR>O)<36>S> fBTOOJOo6>Sj> OIBOlfflS

2.

3.

4.

oof ej

egyDctVo

>•

cuioajcijo, > aoesmoo

801

sosmo CSTO§CS6>OOOCQ)1 .

<D1.

!HI0Si<S6)0O00Q)1 .

C. (3TO.aJu.ai9CTi ClJ(D06T!jni) <9>0ro6rT)o 630617)0

cn°l n^)^(m06rora)^6)<ft,06n|u 6ro>ocWo

n-ismo ^g-|06TOT3)OtO% oJi6)nT) ngjg© 6>.aj0ajo?

(J. t3ren_|e n_jOJ 6TO)6iJBOoS)c96)0S)<9«) ©06ma<96)0Si

r u o | n j o s 1 6ti5)6OT36ig 000)1 njiceemooQii«Bano»

CnJO<9s(IlO0Q)iRBCTT9.

srcnooft (Sc930o6)<ss) OTSOTB n J o s r a t a j .

B. Build up drill

Model

(3TD615JJ0

(3tB6I5UO<a>OOO0Q)1

IE6TT)1

ai6rr)1

^ G g J O O o m6TT)1 (3T06T51JOe9)OOO0Q)1.

. <9.1§i0Q)1§y

6 n j g ^ u <fe1

(T)Sc9S)06I0T3)@6)<ft>06n|o

cnT Qcijcno caicoo

2 . nJo1c9aai0QQ)1(TB0nro.

CUi§1(08 (3103300)1^1 oJOi<968(IlOOQ)1ro3Crro.

54—3 CIIL/M/80 .

njo1<98diooo)1ft8(ns.

o o i lg io i nnomcroiaj

l ieXiJo O j i g i t B i m O I K T O i ^ oJOi<9Q(L0C!Q)1f!B0nro

eo(orai(ora)i6)ej

802 C


Model 1

6>©cs2)1oi5 curooai CTVXBOBJIBOCJQJI .

6)SQQ)Tcf5 O-lfOOOOOQ/l.

2. afl§1(o5 cnJOAooS

3 .

4 .

5 . O-fi<3<98

6 . <J(oocnT<aa (EnBcrro 6)eft>o§c9«)Ort8

Model 2

nJOOo oJOic96)OCiS CrOfD<S)<DO0Q)1(!B(TO.

2.

3. ^

4 . oiv

5 . crucejo oilsorti croa«sDiiiocsj)1rtBcrB.

6 .

Model 3

(BTOOJOO ffii6rE0roiB)®6)ca)0fflneo srwonft 6)OJQ6)RD OJCTID.

1 . <ei§1<0>oo gsoDOantngs&oroeroo (BTDIKB a j w a a nJO6r9T0).

2 .

3 . r u s o aitDC!Q)oa6)0(OT!n®<9)0ro6mo croamomo

4 . 6>C1JgS<3o <6iSTc0«)O(iJIB)@cft>OtDSrT)o SOnOo <8(tnO(Tt)T.

5 . IDS1 6Vijqg)0<BTa)gDA06mo

6.

803

Model 4

6)6)n_iej1 ogjnrrao aaojceiGcmroo * § § <a>s1<96>OQ£ineocQ>iRBflrioi.

6)6>oJe/l OL(j)(TK>o 6>6>aic8s<50m(0o <9>gj

1 . rrurog c93§Ti96)oejo ignneej <e>a/l(tn

2 . ac0(5gor)n5cro0 6)aj(jn_|o qjrtncej aJoai63T3<sgo§ SCQJ«Bonra.

3 .

4 . tst^sifflosio (aroooiooo eicucroajo croicoroocj0 Qjej1<fl«>oq6r80oa)1«B(nD.

5 . aJ6>6TSO6)<SS>

6.

D. Response drill

Model

A : aJfoTaai (5ra§<fl6>ooocn)1. a / l

B': <BT3§c9«)06>oocrn)o mrfyvwlg). gcnTo SRB aiocrumiogj? cni

L A : iii6iT)1csj)s1aoooocs2)T.

B: goa/lCT)"I

2. A:

B:

I

B:

VI- A : nJ^Jc96)OT6>CQ;06><S6) GOJCUOOOOQJ I . ml CSOJCOo (BT i gb6>§0(TTM)0Q)Uc9«>O. | |

B: • ggcnio

5 . A : <BB : • • . . - •

. . : : , -; ; . ' ' •• . • i . « " ::;.. 0 r.:-,<i,'

804

EXERCISES

I Write the contracted forms.

1 . gocoiogas

2 . cuiiLejcsjJo ororojaogio

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8. moorv>aj° siaicroajo

9.

10.

II Fill in the blanks suitably adding the forms —rara>ooco)1,—go, <TO>oQ)1ro3m9 to the given verbs appropriately.

1 . fDooj i8ejaj)o wnojefeeaDroajo (3ra>cj fflwniaiiejujTcfto ODSCTTO0 6nr>6BBOo

2.

3.

4 . aJ6m6>mo6)e9«) ; (STagD6>c9)06n§u sraiocnimi m i m a a

5 . cruJomiBOcsj)1 cu" l§u gD6st36)ro cejoagCTqjcssngi cu«Bcrra

6 . (DlIl6TT>1 tO)CT)i6)CQ) c fcOGOOSi^ (ScSjOffi

7 . ajn«BCTTO<a»O(& OJO6TOTC» croaicxiimroicTs0

8. ^ o((BTOSi(flao)

9 . (moan oucojgyoasomgDaifflroajJo raraaai ngjcnicee0 grosg

(OtB)«Bu)

1 0 . <\g)6>oi&o <e>(irro)1nau

805

III Rewrite the sentences substituting the underlined verb form with thenegative participle

1 . d9a§1<ft>Oo

2 . ai

3 . (oooj1e>ej igroxoJ so ioo <ft>s>1<9«io<!JTO> cftoraaroo rooig/l (srajCQJtsnjo nne j

i a

4 . cu1(^)caao0 oJ6tDo A S O 6)<a>oge9ffl0(!n!ncflj0ro6mo

6TT)6O1ST •

5.

6 . coJoei-ajroVlnD0 gtorwrao oJOCQiO(OTO)<ft.oro6m<. (3TaQJS>m

IV Rewrite the following sentences using habitual past tense verb by adding- the form (ST oo/lcmarro appropriately.

_im).

2 . eeftiOGgsitSi ruo1^6)ajOsng1ro1ce«(scinjooo(srai«cTT) <mcutib mnmocsiii

n3 . rooojTcejcsjJo, eistnj&GcrTKOCLjo otDCgono oDScaaoni

4.

' 5 . comoroi r u e j gDaiotSajAojiarao cnJO<a>6iD6iiLonro

6.


1 . n^)aj1esoj5j06rra° c&crycaaô, aicroaaicsjjo nnamieggg crooeoausmo cos

(stocucb raiaaiiejgg 6TIJCTU)<.

2 .

806

VI Fill up the gaps in the passage appropriately.GnnomcTvo, eoqjyrocroo 6)(tnotf1ejog1(ao«)06n»0. ra6n§eajf!8o c u e / I OQJ

rara>6rro°. (arsojnsns ecrouooan6njcnjD° ggcn&o, gocmsiejajjo

<Broaj6>cr>

(Stoaj«lia<9«g-|0o

6S(iB .feOtOio «r)6)0fT).

raroajcro0 QOB rromocuocnojo

ruigiejo

«1ai6)cn

<fli§1

<3T0ai6>a&o

ratocuicao

(Broaioii

GOOCTOIOJJSIS

<3raa_fls>s

aao

s1ai<TO(3tB)1s)0iio

cnnoiiioro1s)aJr>

=n-4(D)100)

VOCABULARY

(5TO§<9« O ' to approach'

ojgogo 'army'

> =tBTBoioroonr)o ' the end'

'dress, stitched garment''banana''new' OJOQJOS

'blouse' &n*$u

'frock' a-i$u

'a l o t ' siCTtQjcijocj0

'relatives' nJooi63BOo

'the new dress bought for Onam festival''bell' asroioQJsW 'to ring the bell'

'school'

'to celebrate'

'this time''long skirt''to cut''silk' .'private''poor people'

807

NOTES

23-68-1. A few viniscellaneous usages are introduced.

23-68-2. When the verb stem takes the suffixes flna>Qu and (BB>a»T in successionthe resulting, combination indicates impending future. It meansthat the action mentioned is about to happen, ie., very imminent.

(a) OOOT) o orosceaooocsDi Onam is fast approaching.curoooooQ)! The train is about to come

It is time for the arrival of the train.

Instead of «na>a»1 if or oajinBcna is, used it indicates the past anddenotes indefinite future form.

( a ) rarae^-poo as6m1 <3TO6H2uo<9>ooooQ/lflBaTO.

I Then the time was nearing five.

I ( b ) OTOOQJOOO. O J 1 § O J ^ ra>"lri<9s>ooOQQfi(o1ce8o.

| He might have nearly finished building the house.

I23 • 68 • 3. Instead of the -raraxorro form for the negative verbal adjective — <3ra>6roro>

is used,(a)(b)

Because father didn't come we didn't celebrate Onam.It may be noted that the corresponding verbal participlecan take conditional —<sra><o& directly.

(a) ,<3T9.a-l".afl>ri& OJ(Oo6roTO)0(tfi (3T9QflBl6>S <ft><5j1t!l5 nJ6IT)o

(b ) orasjoft ajroowftn 6Da5icmo«sb rsroGuraffls ifecgji

If daddy doesn't come how will mummy have money ?

23-68-4. The future tense verb with the addition of the formindicates past habitual meaning.

Grandfather used to buy the Onam dress for us.

23 • 68 • 5. Note the usage of 8<s>o°6><9a in the following sentence from the lessons

610)008 G<9.Oo6>c9«CQ)06mCgJ0 n-106TOT!ng)u.

(They) told when I could hear (it).-n® added after the verb stem results in a kind of verbal participleas shown.

• • • • • • • • ; , - • • /

UNIT 24

LESSON 69

CONVERSATION

(STDffigJ

Isn't Ramacaritam thefirst literary work inMalayalam language ?

That is what is said.

When was it written ?

The researchers opinethat it was written in12th century A.D.

808

809

rerocsojooo n_i(ga)6rg0o

. QQ)og(0T5)1aa°

rai6inm g6ngocQiTro3mr)1(ig_|?

OOOSCiJ ca>LD<a.| CDOGSOSi

•CDOOCUIS:

(BEJOSDOg

So, before 12th cen-tury didn't Malayalamhave any literatureof its own?

Can anyone say likethat ? The researchershave not been able toget any work whichcould have been writtenbefore Ramacaritam.But even in Malayalamthere were foik talesand folk songsthat were orallyspread. Those werenot written . That is all.

Who is the author ofRamacaritam ? Isn'the Eluthachan ?

r ) (aro) jo fla5 n_H5)Tcr>oooo rrajooo No. Eluthachan wasa poet who lived inthe 16th century. Hewas a great poet andcalled as the father ofmodern Malayalam.His full name isThunjathu RamanujanEfuthachan. Eluth-achan is a poet who isremembered by allthe Malayalis for

2D6I22JRXE8"

ever.nji6)cm

<oosrra°?

o(j)y<t5>1cQKtno T h e n w h o

. Ramacaritam ?wrote

810

(065I3OO

ngjonra0 aflcrtuaroi.easvv.jscno. <g)(tr)1

fnococo: raomajroTOT <e><5(ijnj)Oajn6)cr)nJooT c nn iEocsjj OJIOJ We haven' t got any

cro6u<9>oo acrroo ca.1§1ao)1§1 record giving the exactdetails of the authorof Ramacaritam. Stillit is believed that it iswritten by one of theTravancore Rajas by

ctBO6>(o acn-ioia-flAjisssos0- name Sriraman. Somehints given in the workhave made the scholarscome to this conclu-sion.

CBOLQ(?I: roo£Baj(t>1(t()(otB)i6)ej

(2jauD0cr)ratiJ)1rtAe)ri_|§

eoniic!Q)osna

croooru0c|)(tn(orii)1s)cfto

<|)Rn1<a>g1(!)%

, gD<sq-jotf6)(ato) is there any differencecugj aii«niocro between the language

of Ramacaritam andthe present day literarylanguage ?

g6nio. OJO^° agjcmoicojanL-j om ORB (ajoro>i<9> Yes. Ramacaritam

belongs to a type ofliterary trend known as

afl<(Jt>> eoniic!Q)osna0 ojo|c|)(m1a.g1(s5 O 'Pat tu ' . In 'Pa t tu 'rrujouflcno works, one can see

0 some sort of a mixedlanguage of Tamil andMalayalam. In suchtype of writings theinfluence of Sanskrit isvery low.

DRILLS

A. Repetition drill .

a . 1 . ojoojiiBlcfci (srajsicftn/lofDOQsmmK) <vJO<3Q)6>nJ5cm>.

2 . a<j)$>«nB>.a-lu.affl0i5 a ( D £ P m&JCS2)Og1<9>gOeja

3 . mice® meJCQ)0g<|)ro)1<fl.g1ejo <TVocrou<|)onRna)1sKiio CTOJOCUIODO <9>06m6)g_j

b. 1.

nJOajJCTTO.

2 . (SIDCSgnno

3.

c. 1 . ng>or>06nf<e>oo

2 .

3 .

B. Build up drill

Model

1 . njlAgffl 6VaJ0g]S>n-j§o

811

OB)Ooo6rBi<BS

rLjc9>»S>o«jn»6>r»-|§. ,

w

n£)0<sgoonicTu0 a6)cnoo1o(scr)ej1«nio

<ft>6rr>

812

2 . r5rasrr>0Q>u<9«>6>n-|S°

Cl/lgt9S<ft>6>gO6>c96) (8t86ID0Q)u<96)e>nJ§o.

€ Transformation drill

Model 1

1 . s o f l n i moraoMioro ojracryroo tstDca>oo1

2 . 0J6TD0 t3ra)gias>g KcftiO^cni).

3 . nujtoiiisy OKTBCTTO (sroocoo orvsiJ6)n-|§fiJro)1.

4 . n_iej njtfCQj <9)f!S)1<fl3go cnenjri±f<9)nE0(S

5 . fooiB^j(oT(!!i(5ro)1aciSo ca>(7l>«it3ioaj0 SOB

Model 2

rom

rara)CQ)n«53ona.

2 . isoraroiico;

3 . ffiocsroora3(OTiji«B6>s

4.

5.

sotscnooosno0 moq rDOs^<96)0(DO(o5

(3iaaaorura1^jo6nD°

813

E X E R C I S E S ' ' " . - . . • • ;.;::-y s , u . : : . ; ; : , ; - - • : . • .

I Fill in the b lanks sui tably.

1. anAfiwosno" inejoQ)ogrtjT!j>i6>ej nôoojo cue/lay coooajejicjyooQji

2. <%abcu" or®

3.

4.

5.

6 . 63osmsi06nrau Ce&fDgToairooroi

7 . (3rc>(5(aro1<9s>c9«>o<% ro6ns0o

@0oiica.gne4o ojcSrarmaocD

cflj06rr>s>ni-|§cnosntu

OJEJICQ) gforocuo.

II Transform the following sentences in the active voice to their corresponding

passive voice with the appropriate use of

(3tB6tn3ff)on

2 . n^gjocunso rara>

3 . (TO)

4.

5 . n j e j crocsDobcrv o-gci^<flj65i3go e o o u o

fawoo)06>g (TO)

6.

7. anggflayas crojocuiono <fljorosm

cnT ocyini | 1 roi esarm^0 .

8 . croicorooQ ai£j1cB)06n3° (Braoaooo6>s

9 . <ig(oi1ca> G(3)0§c96)OfonJ r u e j

1 0 . OJHJ (VJ(B)i0Q) CT)1cQ)ffl63T3go

Ill Answer the questions with reference to the conversation.

1 . fooffiûroinno a£)crr> ^/)CD°LQ6)(ijro)aJOo1 aero &io~\6KUfgX)&,.

2.

814

TV Fill up the gaps in the passage and give a suitable title.

$«n<oi(tn6>am

<Ee9>f»go. n J E J O-fl(8B(/a(00K1JcSS>0<8(00§0

6SRB

OJ^nJOfOStlJCTULlo

ajge)fac9S)oejo

Gc8»rag(oro)i6)ej

CUgSXOmoQ OJEJ rrooqgôroswsgcscsjjo av>jotulfni>

c<ft>rog(!jiiS)1(B5 giro 00x5(30

njraoraicn Cca>rogToo)A<8a° <DOQ cuicac/BTcoicroo^"

(BOQ

. 52asb

roirai

c<a.rog<mo)1(o5 acre

gocros>fljio>

ailooJovflasarro.

§6rsocsi)T.

ORB CTUOej(D06n&o

VOCABULARY

CT)TcniECT)o

(ojcrunorDo

'century' c/)ccuou<e>a5

' t o find Out' flLJ00Q)o6)!B0<p1

' to be in existence, to spread'

'folk tale moososirupf

'as much as needed' .e>rb<ara>oa4u

'modern'

' to rule''exact' cryajcn«e>oo

'conclusion'

'to inspire, to instigate'

'movement'

'mixed language'

'researcher'

'spoken language'

'folk song'

'author'

'father'

'information'

'hints'

'influence

'very9

815

NOTES

24-68-1. Passive sentences are introduced. In Malayalam passive structuresare used only in formal speech and in written language.

24-68-2. Passive sentences are formed by adding the respective forms of theverb stem 6>ajsu to the verbal noun form of the concerned verb.The verbal noun form is obtained by the addition of the marker -rawto the verb stem. The instrumental/causal case -<Brg>(o8 is alsoused. The subject in the active voice becomes causal/instrumentalin the passive.

(BTBOgaOo

He praised Sivan.

Sivan was praised by him.

( . ) . • • • . •

• • > . ! • • *

UNIT 24LESSON 70

O06TT)1(Q)0

CONVERSATION

oo6mT: ratocflffl, ocucoo ©crro oj(gg OJOQ

CTOOJDIOBJOCBJI

(groom: n-fls1<9S>06>«J> GIBOffig.

Mummy, please comesoon. The train is aboutto arrive. The peopleare all getting ready.

(uroooi Don't be in a hurrydaughter. There is stilltime for the train toarrive.

816

817

oosmi:

gjenm.

omnnloaCDTCTTOO

(3TaiB£0OJ6XT) 6>6>cfl>

cft)06TT)1<e6)6TT)o

If you don'twon't get a place in thefront. Now itselfpeople have rushed tothe front. I want to

wave my hands to unclebefore he gets downfrom the train.

raraum: caocg.

O06m1:

tmaaaioainJ Don't be in a hurryl " ?& i s n o t ^ ^

in which uncle arrivesThis is Madras Mail'He arrives in KeralaKarnatafca express.Still there are 20 minu-tes more for that.

If that is the case letussit on that stonebench.

raraani: ( /oral ,

§ | O06m1: (sraosjBOg ccnoggs oracum.

; j | 6rra° alcucruojo, OJRBAQÔ, onJ0ea»Aaj)o

'! ggoi6>mos>c9s>

Q O f i >

55-3CIIL/M/80

O.K., come.

Look there, mummyHow many people arecoming and going everyday! Where are theygoing like this daily?

Foolish girl, do thesame people travel inthese trains daily?

818

ooffrni: raraswicnTasio'lofflOo.

aroioofl

aocsrooecaoag?

I know that. Whyshould so many peoplego daily? That ismy question.

This is a fine question.Won't each one ofthem will have some-thing or others?

ooemT: srooni ^ ^ g j e «-J6>ri5o ^6>s msisasoio <so-io<a>OQ W h e n I u s e d t o g o

6n30oo/l«Bam(Ba-jooo (t>6Ti| %crr>o<s<&>6)g s iojcro w i t h g r a n d f a t h e r I

040 cOjOenoffiooo/lflBanro. (STOOJSKOCTTOO rooo/1 u s e d t o s ee t w o o r

ej6)(0T5) 6nscQ)1of)1(sb ag)oji6iscscfi)o <saJo<eiiiiocQ)1 t h r e e p e r s o n s d a i l y .

Daily they used togo somewhere by themorning train.

<§6>ro

siaioroajo csojocffl1| runsThey must be workingin a place at some dis-tance from here. Dailythey might be goingand coming.

otoi® (§6HooQJoco)'loBeicm M u i n m y , i f m y s c h o o l.rocroaipc!Q)TnB(sorT)6)CT). 6TO)OCTOO nQ

crroo 6>6cancnirai oro6rajro1c9aitioc!Q)iRi3cn». moam

<e>ocTOo?

<SIBOC§,

(3TO6X0)Ct!B0 (81060136100?

also would have beenthat far, how nice itwould have been! Itoo would have jour-neyed in train daily.Mummy, don't youlike to go and comeby train daily?

No, daughter. I don'tat all like.

So sad! Why is itso, Mummy ?

819

<sntm: etmodb

elojoruojo s>sco1nDieJ06rrau cuano

(aiacrro i

rrunjo 6>isoo/la5

6to)oofl sosoQengO(s»1(!Bonro

( D O C D 6 5 B 6 > § O 6 > < 0 « 1

I

oosmi:

f010flIti5)6)nj10i5)06rTO0

. mraiT

(5nJOc9jOo.

When I was studyingin the college, daily

<BTO I used to travel byn-j&j eicu train. That time your

u srmocni grandfather Was stay-ing far away ffromthis place. So many

22 days I had sufferedbecause the trains didnot come on time. Iused to run to reachthe station on timewithout waiting for theCollege programmes.Even now those scenesare imprinted in mymind.

raraam: sns cSjoroJo!

iff Mummy, why don'tyou write storiesabout those things ?

n-i If I am to write, thereare so many stories.But my daughter, un-written stories aresweeter.

Mummy, why are youmori talking like this ? I

don't understandwha*t you say. It isenough, let us gothere.

aflnVl§s You cannot keep quietin a place even forfive minutes?

"• 820

VOCABULARY

ffi6re1

(Bra ssosi col oT as °

(3IDS6SI3"

(DCTOo

'to rush in''to blow''foolish girl''to suffer''scenes''to become dim, to fade''sweetness''to sit quietly, to sit firmly''to be controlled'

'to wave the hand''stone bench''fun''station'

EXERCISES

I Answer the questions with reference to the conversation.1 . oo6mTcsj)i>, rsroomosjjo n^rroflmosna" aocoifDicoj ccr^naamitaJ

2.

3.

v


3 . n i l s ojofejBOcwo4 . m l OJCTDOrj-JOOo

5. r>joai6!n36>§

6. raroogaOo era* ojaiicc;

(WCtiOSTR)

7 . a^gJOOJRBa «aJ0<6>0O0CQ)1;

8 . (SWCQJOOO 0 t n

9 . (an^ (Bnno.ft.oj1

10.

(a)(b)

0 T

go_H3aj1<9s<9><>a>o6n?>1*

OOJCDo

(d)(e) rarog)(f)

(g)(h) 6imos)maawo

1

(j)

821

III Negate the underlined verbs in the given sentence.-

6MB

2.

3.

4.

5 . ODfflfflOo

6. raoou

7.

§D<D •

cu1§1(sejo|

IV Expand the given sentences using at least four more words for each,

1 . c/ooros' oJO§cft>ca)OQa)1nBonro.

2 . S(nra^so«J>1c96>O(5 c/oT<ftai1c9«)OQ6rBOC!Qj1«Bcno.

3 . (arocgnrxBOffno0 s>da.ogj6)n_[§1ra1eeaGmf!ncs(®.

4.

5. (moojoJ

6. co(saioMa>aao(a

7.

V Rewrite as directed.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

<vjorj^<ft>o

crorag (Combine using 'to do' verb, ie.,

(Negate the underlined words.)

(Rewrite in the past habitual verb.)

6>n_i«oQjocr>'l<esom cun^ nânoera". (Negate the underlined verb.)

OLKOOOOOBJI . (Rewrite the sentence in any other way

without changing the meaning.)

6. eo(OOTiToQ)A alo-iocue/l (srajcsnejoauitsaonra. (Rewrite in the passive voice.)

7 . o(j)cnjo<s>06rro0 oolnnSo osoeji cniDirong-jSflnroicBjigioQ)®0.

(Rewrite the sentence deleting «m>emu and -Si verb form.)

822

8. (arocrro erwbcTb a<ra CUOS<&>CI/1§'1«J5 (moaKroi^jinBaro. (Rewrite using the

g * form of the verb+corresponding form of

9. (3% cnicomarxorcnirab .tig)(oto)6oft <B%(0OGrau cr>i65B6>g

(Transform into negative question.)1 0 . (BO) crortn.jo n^gjocurooejo oj1cryro1<e«>s>n_||j.

(Rewrite in the active voice.)

VI Use the following words in sentences of your own.

CTOJOCJDICDO

toroi

I

• . - V

UNJT 25LESSON 71

CONVERSATION

caKSonooS: aero rug»s><96> ojoaooiBso. (sroooiooo aura Please talk low. Heis coming.

Who? Do you meanthe Warden?

orogj. njoeg".

823

. No. His fan, Kesavan.

•'I i l l "

824

6><a>oggo<>

<3T3)6)(OCSJ)o gDRBgSi (3JTOS1 <Sc9«16ng (SB) OJ 03,1, (111

n$60i36>cr>6>0Q>a,'l£jo goi) g f l e ros rno

. gD(UTO)(Oo

§0900-1(001

<s.o

cDs<aaonr)

6T0)63BOo rruoCTuoroicSscm^"

STO)60T36>g

e<a>(/aaicf8:

lo«ocru°

That is fine. Isn'tKesavan the personto hear all these? Lethim know now itself.In the end let it notbe a shock. We don'tWant to beat any-body in the darkness.What we want is onlyto put an end to thismisrule. How long wecan bear this kind ofcorruption? My God!(Enters) Aren't therelakhs of people whohave to decide aboutthe misrule? That is notin the hands of twothree college boys likeyou.

We don't talk aboutthe misrule of thecountry. For the timebeing only the affairsof this hostel affectus. That is what istroubling us also.Then what did youmean by beating inthe darkness, etc.?What we told wasthat there was no

(Brau>1<&>o rowmcrooj necessity of beating anyone in the darkness-It will take placein the day light it-self. There isn't any

t<:% great delay for that.

roitob

(0)6)01)

825

<m>6)<o ratDs1«96)omo crHesBt>> <0.^j6)<ft,§iQQ)T

c3Toroioroq_|0

To beat whom, have

you all become so

prepared?

Those who deserve

that.

<Bra6BT3ff>cr>6)a2)O(!B<!jKS)rii? W h o is tha t fellow

6iojg1 jfflt!n1(D8 (stasi djO63Boni5 ens he re? ' H e w h o is ready

§ero, njg^6)(fti§06)nj) to get slaps in b roadfSTD6oi3 ^ O C T T D n_iooo)1ciS. daylight! My friends,

don't beat-about the

bush. Please tell me

everything openly.

(uoavGsajofl:<5<fl>w)ajcTO0 croomom^ 6nj<ao1eo/)£j ag)onra W e d o n ' t believe tha t

cuicrajcroiaaomigj. ^ B ODOS<6J you d o n ' t .have com-

. 6nnKST3ego6>saro>1oro°? m o n sense. W h y do

you enact this drama! before us?

csocru": ecroaua>ar&u

o1oo)orfl

n^soroo, n )cr)1ffl<e«)ocnoo

cmcmoofl:

«<&uoaioi:

gooiraooocoil.

It is really pitiable

ruosftsmodb (JSTB@ if the faithful servant

says that he cannot

recognise his master.

I don't understand any-

thing.

You will understand

everything. The cur-

tain is going to be

lifted soon.

oro'o It appears as though

you mean something.

826

• roo<96)1 (swoaiggom(3ra> ojotSauob

<mnj°.afflCTDo

roxniaeo

cssooro0: G<0>(/9QJO, (U)e>cS>o (sroeTmoojo QCTTO or/i&gHg)"- K e s a v a , s t o p y o u r

araj <9>oro o cDcnj^Tejo<9«)icBc9«)o. n^)gjooj a c t i n g . Y o u p l e a s e

o oj1ajo°cuo1ce>§ocQ)1roia6)1gj. u n d e r s t a n d o n e t h i n g .

cni All will not be fools(5>6)(Y&O all the time. The

<9>§l money our parentssend sweating theirblood is not for youand your masterWarden to enjoy asyou like.

Don't talk any indecentthing.

QjO(Tv<Bsajofl:ooc5nno! rarocrijooo roxDi6><96>06><s«> (Bragg0 O . K . T h a t m e a n s y o u

6TS)6OBOO (BTOrtnTocnnJool o j c a n a l l a c t i n d e c e n t l y

oJ9s1§y. (Bfixsgy? but we shouldn't speakabout it. Don't youmean that?

Vasu.

oaoM^6)o_|§OGejo, ©omoncqjiw ruigT^jocejo Either if you get<fl,oro,io (sro© <^)|{y° ^(oicojocuigj. angry or if you call

njotsVl (3TBCTOeaj1<ss)OQ6TTgooo)T pet names the mattereioAssn<os\emiLO<xif\n5icm. is not going to be

settled so easily. Youshould have remem-bered that when youused to enjoy the shareof what he earned.

VOCABULARY

<3ros1<0«o

•:•: >>n?itu

'tail—anybody who goes behind some one else''shock''to beat some one in a pre-planned manner and that tooin the darkness when the person is not at all aware$f what is going to happen' ••'" •:;'H.;

827

'misrule''to enter'

(BfOV'l 01(0)1

'lakhs of people, the mob; masses*'to affect''to come out well'to deserve''to beat about the

aJt&>rBSs>ojg1.£yo

prepared'

'corruption'God'

'broad day light'

'to bend'bush, to go on talking •

in a round about manner''common sense''faithful servant''curtain''actine'

cronoiaa"o J (0*1 (5)0 rtJ cft> (0 o

cu1auocuiiT

'to tolerate''pitiable''to rise''fool'

'to sweat the blood, to work hard''to spend lavishly and extravagantly''indecency'

EXERCISES

I Answer the following questions with reference to the conversation.a . 1 . GtEConooDo, <sS20(Ty°, ^ § C O B O nfl)cnj)i6>cnriJooTQQ)06no0 o roooroo fo l ^6><930sn§ i

(0ic&®(TO@)0 ? a^)OrO)O6TT)QJ(O36)S

2 . Gi9i(/DCXJ0r3o (8TDO_KZB6>S &

3.

4 . nr5ffl°)§u Cc&c/anjfficnoasasiosno"

' cmconocTOo, cssocrvo cnsrotmiocw crooeOoM6Tr)o sns

moool

II Use the following in sentences.of your own. Before that, read againthe same in the contexts of the given conversation.

o_ira1nnoaj<a>oo

n j ^ j oro

<a.g1caso

828

HI Combine the given pairs of sentences in as many different ways as possible

1 . ojotftojucrJ rusmo (smon 'l.eeonrs.

(BTOQQJOOo OjT 8^0(5 LoicfeSlg GnJSiriJi<3«0n0.

2. fuomTs" n^gjoajGracî. goraj§s1

3.raracucS rsTooj(!BS)S

4.

5. fDorui6)ej ajasxdi ma1 R û 63(33

6.

IV Split the given sentences into maximum number of smaller sentences.

1 . njoiiaiooo/l nnomrrui^Lj ojfiBcm raemc/o" (arocrroo rararo (B6tT)T^(5

<a.o6mo(ora> eoojo c o s i ^ j " njooo

2.

^ rmoaing

3 .

4 . g g j

, n>io<3D«Dnn1cwo cuiejoai igj , (Broannoaaffl ccrwnoaa

agjcnrou «e>6>o

(Bragg nns)omoQ)06nau

829

5 . gDoDGflnwgg (LOijgxiiosrTO0 6rs)Oria cnTsoBOoaa £BOg_j nnnBODgg"

63Of&att)1.£Lj (saj6TDo m l s j ss f l or/1

co1§06na° (stocjuiOnJcfeab nnee js ia jc ruo cnsarn arooeaj6)raro)njoo10 .

V Complete the dialogue by filling in the part for ojoorveanjcfa. • .

aiocry:

OJOCTV:

psorro":

6>cft)0^c8j§1(SOQ)0 IBCOOO

OJOCTV :

<znocrou:

ouoory:

sssocro1': Gnjooo/ ln- iocoog. or)i?e9ao raio^nnCTcmaQjcgj GQj6n§@°?

OJOCTV ,

esorry°: n^cr/las cngj gOfy6ns°. ag)gjoaj«Bo 6MB cngjc9>0(OTD)1 m l a«5a.CS2)06TTOO.

o joc rv : • • •

c s o a v ) u : reraru* rocsngo, (goomo Onjrajmoigjmegjcgjgg^ ?

fffrooj«Bo manQos SOC/HOTBOCSIO . (3i9aj6>n>O6)<e6>

S)S rgOQcft> GaJOaj<TDû.

VI Write a conversation among tbree or four College students who are talk-ing about the fast approaching College Union election.

UNIT 25LESSON 72

CONVERSATION

•<sc?nomcro0:m e g y ?

onomooaiinBortD.

6)oJ6nb<9j§1cft.g6)s a jgsxo oncmo

All the programmeswere very good. Were-n't they?

We cannot say likethat. We can say thaton the whole it wasn'tbad. The group danceof small girls was verynice . But those grownup ladies spoilt ourTHIRUVATIRAK-KALI.

830

831

ru6n§ mourns ono§1<o5

e<ft>tDgRrra)1s)ej®OQO m i e j a / l g a s

ennoiaecru, qsroi1<ftanr>

gDcroici/lfflS CDOHIOO <ft>6n§f!j)1aa

mocuib (BT06at36>m a/lgi-oy ruosrsra)

eociiiijejrr)60t3go.

CcferogtwinTRsJcoicnroo tBro<ft>cna

6 m o .

mgj

roi1f33 From olden days didn'tolder women use todance TIRUVATIRA-KKALIin oiir state?Not only then, even

now in some placesdon't women dancearound a lighted lampduring the festivals ofOnam and Tiruvatira.

I don't have any com-plaints against theelderly women dancingTIRUVATIRA. I alsoknow that they are thepeople who dance. ButI don't agree to callthe performance wesaw as TIRUVATIRA.I object only to theirannouncing it as that.Just if you weargolden bordered munduand neryatu you cannotbring in the Keralatouch. The expressionsand movements shouldalso be according tothat.

The reason that theydon't. have it may bethat they have beenstaying outside Keralafor a long time. Inaddition to it, mostof those who dancedmight not have seena good TIRUVATIRA-KKALI performancein Kerala.

832

: 6ro)onJ rarannicra cr),joca>Tefi>rt>6]rr><s(DO, Qj1(/8sTa>ro

6IDC1EO, 65onrao (si^cuaD^CTn-j^rmngjcsg-jo. ma>

I am not asking for anyjustification or expla-nation. I was only tel-"ling that the performance should not havebeen in that name.

: mim/loro" eaxscnoarDo, mTcroTcro" cjgoorooQo

(sra)6mro° orooru1(jDoco)tft.(S. (sacucmsts

(aroajrocgj soy

BOS

mioruicro".(50J6miiiooQ)1«BnDcgjo.

Mrs. Menon and Mi'S.Joseph are the direct-

<3iooj(& • ors. Will they spoil anychance of exhibitingtheir talents? Aien'tthey the pillars of thisKerala Samaj?

If that is the case weshould have had aMOHINIYATTAMof Mrs. Menon also.

0 : n £ ) c s o . raT8)§<fi3S)g

(3raajfiB6)s

C6mo?

.owl ajofo1^g|cm ce.6>r>6>Qa)e.1ejo

c«noa)orv>u: (8iaoa)ooos)s jajsmooitoi (OT,cr)1<e«cryca)

AgioojOcaacrDtmiao0 an There is a limit intOnj making fun of people.

e)<fl>o6n8o Poor woman! Is ither fault that she hasbecome so fat?

dhooo No. No. That isher husband's fault.Shouldn't she eat andfinish off at least someof the money that heamasses through blackmarket and smuggling.

Why should you be je-alous about his ability?People are not tellingwithout any reason.

833I

r^pcaroocrnoGso <TO>gc8>oo ojoajcrngg0?

a s OJEJIOOJ tmocryoo)

What do the peoplesay? (Do they say*that I am very jealous ?

No. They say there isoo)(i ffl&ja»» no unity among Mala-

yalis. In any place out-side Kerala if thereare hundred Malay alisit seems there will behundred and one

. Kerala Samajams.

Doesn't matter; even. that is a talent.

VOCABULARY

<a>h\)oju

rru !

QJgfflo

'intotal ' • 'oruo°ejtpR5rij)o 'group dance'

'grown up, big, ripened'

'holy lamp' njroonni 'complaint'

'to announce'

'resentment, protest'

'golden border for the garments'

'the upper garment, the shawl like cloth used by .Keralites'

'the Kerala touch'

'expressions and movements'

'justification' <u1<»a1i&ro6mo 'explanation'

'directors (of a drama, film, performance '

'to exhibit'

'stoutness'

'to gather, collect, amass'

'smartness, capability'56—3 CIIL/M/80.

834

EXERCISES . ' •

I Answer the following with reference to the conversation.

1 . n®2§ n j t o i a j o s i cfeipT6raro)1§06nDo cnnomcryo,

2 . n_lrt>TnJ0s1tft>Oo OrOoO/ICJDOCDo

3 . (!5)1a33OJ0(!n1f0c9«)gi6>CQ)n;;jOOi CCOIOfflOro" CnrtftdSsCm Oj1(/D8°)cft>ro6rr>6><BaO>06ra0?

4 . rara)^cft>oo mcjcDosofl meJocyogjicftQgfi-jOol n )oro)06nra

5 . ^ < D oruoeooM6TT)(Cro)Ts)nJo CDCOTTOQJTOSS CDICTTOO

o j o o l cnTfflJBjasis (3Toe1(2-jooo)o n ^ y ^ A .

6 . cAtogorui i ioao ODStotmiccy cft>6uor>jn)1njas1<fl)6igtijoo1 cnnoaioryo

CDSom cruoeonuemfflRjio) cma)Cjysmoa«)1 ens

II ffFind out fifteen pairs of related words from the given vocabulary.

ruTcscnoso, onioajQQio, (Sia)§u, ffloioo/lej",

° cnro, u j f i n i , «fesp". com,

njfainoooruo,

HI Read the given passage and fill up the blanks.

ois(Sc96) mej6njoo1(ob anjocmocniimrooe^ .aals jss ^ffsunJ ruooaj"

(OtiilOCiJ gDOTTOo (SW) nJOCTUToej Ol|f|Jy • 6).aJCJg-|(Bro)'"l(tjS «5)6)CTD

traoiorgajsgiejo g6reooa1(!Bcrn). (sroceooej^®" ruej

croocro0<a>orocijo,

° 0<63(Dg<e«fDQQ)TGJo n ^ g J O C Q j i s ^ o — . ASXXDOOo (STOffigaOo

835

(BTOGgnDo 61(03 QjejToQ) <1C9<5)(T>0C!Q/1 (tBCTOgg 6>cft>C>6ff5OSrn>u

cr>cofic36>0CTS

rBO(5c/>

e«w3)TtD(TO(2--j(jDOcnai06rR)u.

CTUo0Kuoc|)rai(igo,

cnoo

cnpsni

IV Complete the conversation filling up the dialogue for 'c

<5ra6nj: aacsmoni

cmeooooS

1cro(%(sajnii6>rifto enroooo

(BTDt!5)i6XT)OfSJ

<SI06nj: g ; j g

(HTBgjo aJ(0i^JCS2)o g6T1§o . CUgCTO CDgJ CrUJe0ClJcS6)0(DCT)06>6marT)06rrao (SIOOl

sc(grg)Oso6)cft i06ngg3

ni: .

6xuoa/looT6!JB0 ej1(j\}1(o5 t

<3rosnj: i i

omccno

(BTD6ng:

(3TB6tlj:

eaxsonoofl:

836

«D<Tra«j>6>cm

<a»36TT)0o. (Broaffie

6JO6m(lJo i

V Write a conversation between two Malayalis staying outside Kerala talkingabout a Malayalam film shown as a benefit show by the local KeralaSamaj.

LESSON 73

CONVERSATION

(grofflSi: GfEOGOD, CT)1s)CTOO 6ra>ooft

6)Cft>O

? mags cn1o(?aj(soo6ns

doJOCH/1 '5r\QQ)0G>thai!><gl

It is not that I don'tunderstand your diffi-culties . Isn't that yourfather's last desire ?Don't we have theduty to fulfil that?

Mummy, do you thinkthat I am telling thisjust because I wantto be comfortablein the city after

' selling off every thinghere?

83.7

838

raroam: CTIIQCTOOv

cr><5gjo6rr>o No, Kuttan. I knowyour heart pretty well.

(Broom:erooofl

o_iocsyanro ng)onno(B6tT)0? emocro,

6)aJCuTco)1ra5

oroo ouomoejo SOB a j 1 § o , a jrooo/ isajo

ca>1som

6ro)0di

: COJ6)O

If that is the case. . . . ?

Do you mean thenwhy should I preventyou? However I try,your father's last wordsare resounding in myears. "Bhavani, letwhatever difficultycome; you shouldnever sell this houseand plot of 'land-Goddess has blessedthis place." Havingtold this the way hewas lying staring into'my eyes cannot beforgotten by me.

Mummy, what shouldI do then ?

Isn't there any otheralternative ?

£D65B6)cr> (STOCDEQCQ) xf I had any other way,.do you think I wouldhave bothered you likethis?

6vajogj6rr>o?

(Broom: go<D a i 1 § 0 ixjrooo/lsajo ci/looora5

ojoro>"l(oooa/l(i>o custro

cruofl aJO6TDTm1|6ngu

<s>1§1 If we sell this houseand plot of land howmuch can we get ?

€&,1§n_flg§ Kittupillai Sir has toldthat he will see thatwe get about Rs>12,000/-.

839

(Broom: or>ffieQ6>s.a>So

<Sai6Tt)o?

(Broom: (3TD«J)1CTO

m<o>ab:

<ft>So

" roensocfiflrotBTOfl raroerarcgQ

<ft.So

ccusmiiKsgjo

Will our debt be,paidoff by that amount ?

Still I need about Rs.7,000/-.

What will you do forthat?

I may' be able to takeat least Rs. 3000/-from the ProvidentFund. Then eldersister's husband haspromised that he cangive a loan upto anamount of Rs. 2500/-.

Still you need morethan a thousand.

I asked two or threeof my friends. I hopethat they would give.

VOCABULARY

'to fulfil' ' «a>sm

'to destroy' mstf#=monoocm1

'to echo, resound'

'blessing'

'to bulge out'

'twelve thousand' <a>so

'expectation'

'to promise, to shoulder the responsibility'

'duty'

'hindrance'

'goddess'

'to stare'

'lying posture' •

'debt'

84G

E X E R C I S E S . : •-••• -J

I Mark the word that correctly fills up the gap.

1 - e n i n a n a / l e j o cncrnooo/l ajfiB6>axTT>06>6m6)ri5o

(n-jctnioaaj, (njoojooroo,

2 .

(<9>S!B,

3.

4.

5 . ggrcnicricfljo <a>s

<3toai1s>s

fig)ctDos)sm6iofto

, OJ0Si58i0Q)1§o,

(AsrsinsonDig0

II Mark the correct statement with reference to the conversation. Rewritecorrectly the wrong statements.

nJ6TDo

mecDoeorussBOo

(JUOrOOgo aJ6IT)o

2 .

3 .

4 .

5.

6.

7 .

G(tmnos>s macibo njeoimicsyiaoocyi (Biaaaicsj)6>s

8 . ojgsmRnwTrai acts ^ ^

9 . O J T ^ O , ngrocxwisojo g^s i t u i o o o e j o <a>so

10 .

<-ur>

5T3TC)1fi33CTra.

oJ6n)o

njsnoo

84i

III Complete the conversation by filling up the dialogue for o

r^)arra OJOOCDOO. (Brada»g& rugsfflra

: A»s«3>aac9s> o o o i . , (aroaiBggo raogD crxYTWco/lgoicsaOo. .ojOceai <B».ajo.a2>

65(03

(3TOSIII

orofDiBstDiôiejcuieftio

riJO6TOT!5>gD

is (Eruoejo (-u§6TDOTiS)TeEJ0g ojfooriS (tncgjoogj.

nncgjoooajcft>csca>

QJOC/BI

OTBECD

stbironoajiao° cniDejoinoooiiiocsî

(mam

842

cajs)fflnecmo6TDaj(5 (BTDIBECS3>6>S

(BTBIBB

smoacno cs.aj.gjTCCCJQ

a«B0 tmcucb

IV Read the following letter and fill up the gaps.

roOCSCJU,

cs2)O(g) csa joe jo oo1roic9«)OS>arKXDosrro0

. m l njro3Gcnjooo

<ft.en/ l

6TTO°

cs,ora)O

<a.on/l

. oraam

25-3-78.

onogicsejces

a lo ic roo crusngiojcrra . m l ag)<8CTDO§

aJcnrKS(yo<s>06no0

(SOJSOO

843

6>6>SOJo

ratoum

65(53 <SQJ6tT)o

cni6)cmn_joo1 (3TafflmcQQ)0§o njocojoori

og)«ri5o <ft>ej,i0sm6>(0iina-joo1nJOQa)S)aagg 6Knori& mooro

•flJb6rn>o.

gSS!CO 6>.aJ0Q)ugD

e)dbo gocuios aicm(tn1oracw)oiittio6™u

6)roiO6)<96> 6ro)oa5

cnjoejo sns aômosno" oroow>oo)o. OJT§ ojioooasi

. n_i§6rmiT5ra>1 eej.es

(Braajn6>0Q) goo/las 6tmorft modern g g g . . s<bms)0cif\

csta)Crt)j(Tu1n_|1c9s)00ono

C1JCTTO f O 6 I T |

gocuieis

aiooQ)1n!36)cm(Efrno?

(T)i6)CTT)nJ00T

n^jmnosrta0

CT)r^c9Q

V On the basis of the above letter please prepare the reply written byto

UNIT 25

LESSON 74

CONVERSATION

63cmracroiocTTDonro.

t o g / l c * . srmoongjo

£D(33(80nr)Og raid)

What is this, Varada?You are sweating sobadly. You go tothat wash basin andwash your hands andface. You look terriblytired. Even the eyes arewet.

It doesn't matter. Letme sit for a while.

aoonooenb 6>nj<$fl I shall switch on thatfan and come.

844

845

(SaJs1<06)6TlB.

GOTO,

0^)05)0

mooroica. ojocoiaacejcscoo (sa>em>u

)0 ? c9>braô o joog i . raw) nJDcyy?

OfOJ

(tj>6>crn.

curaa: OJOOO oJola4i«9«ioaJ Qnjoejo' fgrsajaroocm fsrorraoj

(gra)S,j6)«sro) siojcrvxaegj,?

euros: 6ro)oa3

65(53

gseon

ojonro cuTsna.

necessary. Mal-lika, you also pleasesit here. Otherwise allwill rush here to en-quire about the matter-

Don't be afraid.Most of them havegone to the classes.The rest are eithercorrecting books orreading magazines.What happened? Pleasetell me. Did those 1stB. A., students troubleyou very much ? It isa class of rowdies-The boys and girls inthat class are all alike.

They didn't even allowme to teach the lesson.

It doesn't matter. Isn'tit the first day? Everybody's experience willbe like that. Gradu-ally everything will bealright.

As soon as I enteredthe class a paper planecame and fell in frontof me. I didn't noticeit properly. Only

. when bursts oflaughter rose from thegirls' side I couldmake out the thing.

Then?

846

: <si»o.oa5ajott&crou rvg)§aaott&

cjsis

euros: OJEJIOQ)

(5I&6K3). (stooinb ODICBI

6iaj§1oo)1§1roTc9a

ag)ormo

<ft>*T6)6TOTO)ffl>T(i5i car&gg

sreocs2)T(!B(scmo?

: airos

euros: 6to)orib

oruoro ojcno

croocj"

njoAisft When I was about tosi-gj take the attendance

<&*i6Tmwo someone shouted frombehind. "After the selfintroduction of thenew teacher the classescan be started".

uonosmcu • May be that rowdyBalachandran. He istheir leader.

era3 a,§1 Is he a fair and tallboy with a big moust-ache?

Yes. He is the same.The fellow who hashair style like that ofHindi film villains.

That boy got up andwas asking me. "Whatis your full name?What is the address?Are you married ornot? If married was ita love marriage? Wasthere any oppositionfrom the family? What

. is your husband?" etc.,etc.

What did yo"u reply?

Before I could startsaying something there

were claps and shouts inthe class. By that timeVaryar Sir of the nextclass came and request-ed me to come out.

tsra>

rato

847

(SQBJO lV

euros: 6t!j)on5

<63§1<fe6>gO6)<S6>

ro3cns>.

<&>QQ)OT. retoca-jooo

a)TW)6njo3r&0CQ)1 enrol €0Scft>Cfi)OQ2)1

oJ0<30>0CT&

(BTOOJOroQCTD 6TU ag)60B6>m(SCQ)0 63f!B

cuT6n|o tsracuro

Q o CU6)tO O(J)CTK> (316)CTT)

VOCABULARY

go'sociS

63O6TI& 6VoJCgJ°

g(B)C!8

'to sweat''to get tired*'wet'

'to put on''rowdy''gradually''to rise' oroooo&cujakro0

As soon as they sawhis head on the door,their heads loweted asthe snake which" sawthe mangoose. Thenhe entered the class andtold them somethingand went back.

Then?

Again I entered the,class. That time thestudents were all sitt-ing quiet. Then I triedto tell some thing aboutMalayalam Literature.But in between, theyagain started askingquestions. They mademe feel miserable byasking relevant "and ir-"relevent questions.Somehow an hour wasspent. As soon as thebell rang they againstarted shouting. Idon't know how Ireached this staffroom.

'wash basin''fan'"to wear, to bedecorated''to correct''equal''loud laugh, giggle' •'attendance'

848

'to start to do something'to shout''address''clapping''snake'to come down, sink, lower''shouting' <xyo<vouQo

'love marr iage ''mangoose '

'staff r o o m '

EXERCISES

I Mark the correct statements with reference to the conversation and rewritethe wrong ones correctry.

1. ajg/l<ft)aj)o, airosajJo (gra^maa

2 . ogyic&aj io, (oocJocQia e<fl>p<sgso

3.

foocjucsyo

oruoojobcro"

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10

II Rewrite the sentences as directed.

1 . euros &ocrvfl(s5 cft>QQ)o1<X2) gss>a> '

ajlsiPALo1oDi<a>oo

' 6)oj§1csj;1§1roi<fifflrm

ora* rucno

(iSplit into six sentences.)

849

2 , auras ôcruiraScniortOo ajioox&gHig nngt&rrro aicrro.

(Convert the whole sentence into an adjectival clause and use itin your own sentence.)

m i ^ s . n j i a o m ODi cffs oruocruoro1ce«)0o.

(Combine into a single sentence.)4 . euros croffl>s6)ru!p. iBgjTca. as)6>cfi>o tSTooroeojo c u i o j o l ^ " raracuog

(Complete the second sentence.)5 . Qj1aj|0(aLDi<S)Oo

(Convert into passive voice.)6 . n-jnnloa) ej<9)°rLjoi% ajriBccnjo

(Rewrite in conditional.)

7 . rarocuaJ oj1gjoJoiOff)fO(8tT_|06>ejocy06rtou

(Rewrite in the past perfect.)8 . eft>QgjSi

cruooToro moiâm g6ngooQ)T(ZBrrrag§o .

(Rewrite the sentence converting the underlined verb into a verbof adverbial clause of time.)

9 . <9i§1cft>6>g06)t96i m1a!)6njcstaoc!Q)1ro1<9atft>0Q)OCH)1ra3anra.

(Rewrite in the corresponding present.)1 0 . oruooisiaio raiej ojomTtasbssxtsb <ft>6ns(Sruooo

(Convert the entire sentence into an adjectival clause and use it inyour own sentence.)

Ill Read the passage and fill in the gaps.rx{j)6)CT3r> r- (3t3)SrT)1cnR)0, Qn-jflJitsfl n - i i oc roooo . ia.<pi6t3ra)

n_iocQi(m!n<9«)(ts)ocn)1 aonrao (mCTcmco/lgj. s m i ^ j , coogiccno a{j)6>cro6><96>0

S6>c96>

57—3 ClIL/M/80

850

<ifi)(TT9 BOJfflfDo nJOWOCft). (SlOaj CaJOfD

65(03

(BTOCO.ajiflBcnD aJ6t I )o fi»n I P I

CTOlBro6!JT3So (a_J<9.SCD

roG6TTio, i^ccmo , raraan^ amajJo ooaa

rara> cn iDoong© 0

^s6OT3icQ)1ro1aacinro.

0 . s ccmo rocssrso

<a,6nt ^JiroT orosceaocrb

<ijOi9>n(a5

S)6)SOJ(SIB, aj10OT.ft.Oo ag)(S6OBO6)§O6)ifl«)C!Q)O

gorrra

ail.cnisroTrooccfD rarogD <9.LQ

. <9iLD

CTTOo t f t . 1 | C T T ) 1 g J . (5TOU3GL10 eft>LDS)CS2) < T 0 o 6 n j < T U ) 1

IV On the basis of the conversation of the lesson, prepare a letter written byVarada to her elder sister regarding her experiences in the new profession.

UNIT 25

LESSON 75

CONVERSATION

o_i(gj)(Bejaj<ft>ai: (grossr?" onsaJO0SJ)cfl.0Q)6ng0C!Q>1

Last year you saidm a press conferencethat within three to

aioro)igooMca)1(33(OT3)6>onr) (&a> f o u r y e a r s the a d m i n i s -tration and educationin our state will bein mother tongue. Nowwhat do you have tocomment on that ?

851

852

n_io6njrcngD

6ro>ori5

raômosrro0

n^)crra n_io

cuic/oJcn/ldSsoro (Brajgm

sorrao nnsicm etmocA

nj(gs).

aero

otannn. eo6mnjo, a/l8,$oe,yxroa4°

(3!5)ajorDôjs)to cn)ou>oro6rn

G£J.

corxmonj

ftj.

cm:g6neo<saorr>

What I said was thatit should be in mothertongue. I am not an as-trologer to tell that itwill be. Even other-wise I am not a personwho believes in predic-tions. As far as I re-member I didn't men-tion about the period.

(8K>6oi3u tsrai (sroeT(Q_(ooQ)(3T3)1(i5!>roro) E v e n n o w a r e y o u

on1(aaaa<e>cHio(S6Tno? firm on that stand?

Yes. Until the adminis-tration and educationare in the mothertongue the commonpeople are not goingto get justice.

By mother tongue doyou mean the regionallanguage ?

Yes.

If that is the case,in a particular linguisticstate the minority whospeaks other langu-ages as mother tonguesmay ha\e the complaintof not getting justice.

Look bere. These arethe problems createdby you journalists.Do the Konkanis andTulu speakers who havebeen living here for

SOoMO(BTOS!51361cr) (BTB)S>6me>1(3% SOB

IBOQ

COQJO §

K T a j i ^ C n J O R B C m G><9>06!ST3T6TT>1C9J©O<9«O, CTOo

853

goo/las ratDcunsffls mo<g)

ee j : raogg cruaainniiaaonfflorra

6)0 nJEJ (aJ^SOrago C31SJ

(<2)o

ecu63OGCOO

rruouj^ra) ojgnro

soetoo croooruoomiijo Boo6)o_jg<sajoaj1 c^j ?

cc^WD^4 (Bragg cr

(D63i3g1(!j5 csoe / l

IBTDCDJ croocnioo

m l

@ro6meon±ic!Q>o

cscng

the past several >earshave any difficulty be-cause Malayalam ismade the state langu-age? They who areborn and brought uphere learn this alsoalong with theirmother tongue.

Even if 1 can agree tothat there are otherproblems. If in allstates only the regionallanguages are made thelanguages- of adminis-tration won't it bedifficult for the peopleof one state to getjobs in any otherstate? Gradually won'teach state be isolatedfrom the other ?No. That will nothappen. There is somepoint in what you toldabout the getting ofjobs in other states-But I feel that thebenefits in makingthe regional languagethe language of admi-nistration and educa-tion will be much morethan the problemsarising out of that.

854

OJ([D). O E j : (STOQnJOOo CT)(B96)S

O6><9S)

<9scmga°

<scT)«noaj fUOog)cfljOQ)06>6roa>1 <rib

toroooBol eoronnioanJ oooej6taj<Biae1(fi-jooa)

o a i : (Bra^ ( )08csyocni€ft>iB06>6m(TtD onnoorracmi g j .

Co-io6>ro©>1<!j5 (5i963su goi> oroostbetoTmTcfl aoronnT

(06>m 1BO(2)1BO(S6TT>O 65(03 (TUoCOOQlo §61160

coo:

cm:

Do you think thatfrom the field of oureducation English andHindi should be dri-ven out?

No. Really speaking Ibelieve that an averageIndian should knowat least four to fivelanguages.

That doesn't soundpractical. More over adoubt arises as towhether you mean byindian in this contextonly the South Indian.

No. In my eyes theSoutherners and Nor-therners are alike.They were and theywill be.

But it is not that easyas you think to find outa solution for thisproblem.

The cleverness of jour-nalists lies in magnify-ing any problem.

ca i : rue)cfta3 croocjuorosroaaoia cooo±iuisnca)oar>(!no<06) But the common publ icnno6)rooo)06TT>ogjo ^srovao ai1c/0Jcro1<ea<ai. taranno believe the political6rra° rnxuA '(Htpo_ii&>s(ura>1(d& si xionra .ajo§cmg!)o. leaders more . Tha t is

., why they are always"" trapped.

«n6)cmcsj)06rrou

C E J : oJ6>aai (mar® <a.(iB©cm®(SoJos)ej

<9«<e> a^)om

855

 : rataojsifo roaainnLjgiaimonS cromocwaTroicTO D o you want to sayaQ)«moqen§" fiômocamo mieoBoocss that the journalists

>°? come on time to savethe public?

VOCABULARY

(2-JOJ.aJODo

S006 )nJS°

W>fDO(/BtOi

'press conference''to you (with extreme respect)'''astrologer''prediction, prophecy''period''regional language''justice''pre-planned, arranged earlier''problem' cno eohn'to practise, learn''to raise the head, come out''possibility''to be singLd out, to be separated''to drive out, to discard''average''solution''eleverness, capability''to save'

'to mention''minority''journalists'

'state language'

'practical'

EXERCISES


1 . (§(t>1aJ<s&jas)onB6)s

2 . (nJOOQJo

3.

4.

eOoM

oroocrooro1<a«6rr)o n jonra

(a;|CSDOCT\)cft.roiBO<ft>O(T)O6nB0

856

5.§>e6reo?

6. cni aicm1nB6)rmS)1ejo,

7. (groiiaigg0 s

8.

9.

1 0 . ajg- j CUTCDOJO SOSIOQJO STO)OCT5 Gcjyn±im'lflj5

II Mark the conrect statements with reference to the conversation andrewrite correctly the wrong ones.

1 . eonnnoojo, r>_i(@(3ej6ij<fl>nDo

or\)oeooM6tD!> cnsggBODfia" •

2 . (smroioojisiobo tSToeitajoooJoroinrab ro6n|aj(^nM(3TO)nor)cft)o era6majo,

3.

4.raragj

5 . cmrowo/ leiof to (arBeijo-iocxyo n^jgjo oruoauDom<S6)0(5aao^s1 sera ans

(grog)0 63«B oj1csc/oeooiicQ)ocQj1ro1<a8cmnno6Tn(5((2)

6 .

7.

III Read the passage and fill up the blanks.

CTU

soon

857

SOB

oruocuon)6m

ruroicofflnnidMSvvjg'ltraarrflgj.(sra>6n|oa>Egog

orucnj(5

eonn acts rarajcsninBrmigj. m o i ^ j 0 croanooaj<9>iDOoa/lro3onro.

QOJQo (SI0OJ(D36)S

@OO±I6)OQJ e n s fflOOQ<s>C!Q)Osrrau. crooa)0ro6m

ooioajono

ms<9aonr)

cnnni gogDroiemo. ccrxwocuTaoJo crujranjo, crojeocuojo

" . mo(g)eoouggcoj6n§1 crrunjCDo . maci eOnM<ft)ego§0

cmroocai 63ns 6>s

cra6nj0s(snJcnrari5)1ejocc>)TroTc9srm ^ t e a o e j g ® " eoromTcftirooco) g

nj)gj1<es)EJaDi<9saT)raiTao ru.ft.roo agjg joojroaso Sicm a j i c u a m s j i e g o croJ°l<ft>ofD ffiOQQ)

ens 3)(somo§ GcuosiOJOdb cnTosucoi i^ j " tara) <-Ljcfoocon5i1oQ)6)S Googssraoo

IV Complete the conversation by filling up the dialogue of n_i(©<sej6ijc9>a&.

(DiB6rr)1: srmoo0 agjcrrogg <ft>0(D,jo

OJrtBo n^)6)CmcT)1c9a (DgJ gOq-J6TS0C!2)1nB0rra.

858

«oui6m1: croaooioouajo as><Se> amocntuxaere". cua&ai

cej:

CD(KB(L0(?)t9Qo.

(BT».aJu.afl>

romsrni: "sxs>cib croooicftcro0

oo6rra° . (aroma

. oJ0ic9«)000gg

cej:

ram6m1: raragj. GOIQOefl«)0CJ6n|o OJ0CS)'l<9S>0CJgS§g>u. gDoCO°gT

OJOOQ/I .OJ,

fi>ni6TT)1: ocnoo

cai:

rui®. CEJ:roai6m1:

gjjroooroggCoJOejo

oJlnuoQJGJBgo crowabcro" aJo1<as>ocno6rTOu

caoo^,cjo, (Bra> merq annoCQJOOO

CIDOSTTO".

. CEJ:

rodi6TT)1: rarogj.

<9«)<56nD0?

eraiorib

romeroi:

. cej:

OTOrtDO (TO§t96)g<S(!J«JlO§aj o , (3T3IBB

V Write a conversation taking place between a film star and a Press reporter.

APPENDICES

859

(SO

(3TDcft>ejo

(BT060B6)Cn

(BTD63I3"

(3tD<B6iIB0§u

i° 2(STDSi

(BtBSiiflS0

(STOSi QQ)CT0)1 (OOOlOrvlO

(SIDblUlUi Q°

APPENDIX 1

WORD

6.1910.4010.403.11

11.468.344.12

15.576.20

11.4124.708.33

19.6325.718.31

11.4611.418.293 .9

11.4423.68

8.343.108.33

10.3825 .748.331 .32 .75.155.16

INDEX

(310(0)1 LOi

• {3TOfljVI(TBu

(Stags"

(BTag86)rffeO6nf°

(3ia6)(in

(3R.(m0)o:je

(3ia(0TB)0S>o

(BTPfBBnDo

(Bta(0)^00J(/9ô

raroijo)

(3TBCUic9)o

(3raa.i0oj<9,aJ

(STDcntes"

raramiooxwroi

(TOcnicoirfl

(BiDctoecu1<eau

(BtacroeoJo

rarooroaisiaa0

(Htaoaojoso

raraooovroiaa0

(BIBCtOKOT cftM o

<ST»cnjgg"

(3W0i5(iJ(!JIB)T n ^ y

raiooruejo

(BTOCniOCffio

(sroecnjoiiicea0

(BtanJcaô

im9(Snja&)1<dsu

(STBnLjo

8.3011.411.14.131 .3

15.685,166.21

11. .421 .41.17.281 .11 1

10.401.31.325.7314.554.1212-487.2614.5618.622.8.8,13

8.3211.4125.758.3214.5614.55

2.4.

861

862

orocojoooSd°

(aroeyroias0

raramonjooroi

(3ia am

reroro

(310 (OT

(310 g y

(BTOCU

(310O1CJD1

(3180100

(BTOCUCTOtOo

(BtOOJCT\)OCT)6)(OIiJ>

ratoojoroocDiojice

raroojorooono

(BTOOJOo

(3IB0LK&

16.618.331.4

10.3925.71

3.911.416.24

25.7516.60

1.320.6512.50

2 . 819.615.18

10.372 . 7

4.1210.3810.387.25

15.5822.6712.4925.74

1.21.5

20.654.12

1.414.5515.58,25.7325.71

1.31.41.1

CSTOOJIOS

fmoajioaxijo

(3tOCTy6Uo

(SIOCT^Cffl

(3t9rms.0roo

(srogag"

(3I9<P<91°

(BTOtfilEOTi

(ST0Oi0Q)u

<3T0OiajJiaa°

ratooiaj0

(Btocjtml

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(3roCJnJ(3t!5)T aCTOra.

(BTOAaOOO

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<3%(tO(lOi<98u

f3ia,(a)nO<.

(HTdi ulOCOCQCD ^ 0 3

tsiajfssnj)

(3»)§o

3.105.16

12.5010.375.17

11 .4422.67

1.512.517.27

11.4218.6214.55

2.82.81.6

15.5725.7115.57

3.925.74

18.6213.536.24

25.74.10.388.31

12.489.364.12

863

<513)§o

(313) (/0

(3T9)Oo

13.5414.5611.466.20

12.506.228.29

1.113.5416.618.294.14

15.571 .6

4.13

1.112.5166.2225.727.28

12.4812.4912.507.265.186.24

12.506.22

1.61.6,

5.166.21

1.46.206.21\

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m o ( j y a i o 6) i»aao o

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5.151.32 .7

13.52

1.52 . 8

6.243.9

18.7225.3510.6714.55

2 . 814.5510.38 *5.166.228.321.1

6.211.1

5.151.61.61.6

12.56.20

1 .36.199.36

2 . 82 . 82 . 81 .41.4

864

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9.36 gftj" 15.57gDo.oj1 10.39 gfjLjEoaj" 5 16

gcsg-jrai 5 , 16„„ 'g0Q)C!Bo 25.71

m® 3 . 9 g«B|u 11 ,4425.71 §nug 11 4425.74 gocBotsisttii0 11 47

gOcBfflo 5 17go6W3° 8 32

g goajias)" 11,478.29 g o ^ 1 2 4 8

O , OO OOQQl° 1 1 4.7cz iStn . H ,T»

gs6)cn 25 .74gsmcniD 3.11

3.10 g)«)15.58 gBsno jol 3 .210.39 g<D6TTOu 5.176.22 gq)(in1t9«>o 12.50

gttna," 25.72 ganoo 6,247 .265.164.13 O^)8 . 3 3 tv®(feu<aJffBu 2 4 . 7 0

gsorooft 1 5 . 5 3 ag)t9iucn)i6nj1oMoft 6.2125 .75 n{j)6!JI36>0D 3 . 96.24 r DOTBoaoo 9.368.10 n®4*>*" 8 . 3 42 . 8 a£)So 2 . 7

1 4 . 5 5 «ffiioo 2 . 72 . 3 a0)gFR. . . • • , 5 . 1 7

865

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2. 82. 8

8.3111.4616.603. 92. 8

20.6525.746.2G2. 72. 7

10.371.15.1811.4611 .4115.1 .4,5,

I16!

1218

18.6216.6010.385.18

10.39

1. 421.66

10.407.251 . 5

8.34'2. 8

raÔOOJo

6JCTW"

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58—3 CIIL/M/80

2. 82. 8

11.46

5.1511.47

1. 16.228 352. 7

25.732. 7

10.3710.371. 5

15.588.29

1. 48.3419.6323.683.102. 72. 7

10.4025.74

1. 218.6822.67-19.63

866

ae/lae"

soo

6506m o

6i06TT>(S<96>0Si

soaioft

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6501% <OS°

5.151.4

11 .4511.46.10.3314.5515.574.13

15.57i; 46.21

25 .757.231. 6

4254232255163810

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. 7

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<ft>.gJOJSo

1.

8.29

25.7110.39

CSJSSJUD

<a.sejocro°

cB>LO

<ft.LDOcft>Orol

a.gj

62146898141213131161061483133

11.1,61,1,1.1 ,7.1 .10.10.3.2.13.8.8.25.

i.22

. 8

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.83

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.45, 5.22, .5.. 6, 5, 128440322337292974

867

<&rogu

e9j(B36m

<fl>fO3gD°

<a.ejojo

<a,s>1<sau

<ftfLlT

<a>ojT(!T)

<a>gcn)u

11^44'25f.748 .31

14.5625.724.128.30

11 41"10.403 . 21 . 61 . 63 . 96.22

25.7525.754.13

14.5611.46,1 / 51.61. 5

10.3710.38

8.2914.5510.4025 .7211.432.. 36.206,22

13,537.256.24

10.408.31

<ft.gg«96>SgIg)u •

• cftsOaa0

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<a>oaj •

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c0>f5(W3>OQJ °

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25.724,12

24.706.224.12

t 6.228.33

10.3811 .4513.5410.395,166.212.14

14.5613.5210.3811 .446.21

13.535.16

18.626.226.192.7

3 . JO5.16

25.757.286.218.358.29

18.6213.53

' 6.243. 9

-6.22: 12.51

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10.396.191. 5

10.40 '3 . 9

25'. 742. 8

19.642. 7«.2210.3911.4321,666.19

19.611. 3

21.6612.481,31. 4

14,5610.3711.475,15

10.38,14.56

4.155.176,225.16

19/6311,4414,553,11

10.4013 .533.10

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6.226.2411.418.336.22

11 .^56.2111.443.105.24

20.6325.7111.4610.3310.3311. 4 .1.21. 43.336.24

H .474.12

25.7425 .7415.57

1. 524.695.152. 810.3314.35

1. 44.13

10.397.21

14.551. 2

25.72

2.26. (&3npuOO° - H .4312 49 (gjj1cir}j,jocn1<a»oo * . 12.48,

5.18 (ft,15* 20.65

12 31 (<^ tan* ^ • ^12.48 Â0*8" 2 . 724.70

1.32 CP '15 58 3.11

orfbosn-flsmi 25.75 . cnm'Hs.e.s0 16.611, 4 cr,«, 8.298.30 cnoainti<ft.aS 2 4 . 6 9

11 , 4 5 ' ^tsooOTroil CSJOO 1 . 6

14.56 igsm. 6^2019.63 sera ^ 10.377.28 jogid*. * 5 188.32 ce<iOfLjoo0 11.43

G&osnfttti . 8 . 9 • ccnocj" 3.10. oi cc/)ORnofi4 2 . 8

8.31 ayDarflcea0 15.588.32 oTDtooLi<0S)Ofscii 8.33

10.37 cfloeirao ' 4 .12

6.21 crtosiraofl 10.3713.39 (jgoflLOo 1. 58 .31 (JQ0&LDeft>(%(0tB)0CI4o 4 , 148.33 (j/)oSubi/ooej 4 146 . 2 4 ( ^ o a . - 1 . 27 . 2 7 i£CKS6T^c . 6 . 2 1

<0Ai6m1<9«>u 8.348.30 56.246 19 S1««IOQU 6 21

aaioaio 5 .17 sigjsmi 10.376.19 ^ ^ 1 * 13.54

19.64 g»Sa»v(X\)°6ajc9«o 1 1 . 4 31 . 1 99«3f«v 12.515.18 osavloo 10.37

^5,74 SAnMcft 22.67

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5.18• ^ nJrtgfl 10.39

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20.6525.713.11

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14.555.156.20

11.41

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10.407.283.9

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APPENDIX n 7

A Model Objective Test Paper on Malayalam Structure

I Underline the correct combination.

2.

3.

4.

5 . (are? _j.6)<a.ooiju —

II Underline the correct split up forms.

6.

7. g(oroojo(snejonijo •<

889

<a.oe_Tlgj

n-4f<8OJ0(S6TT)0

<e>aiej

_J_(BT3)(S6TT)D

grarooJognsrocij

8 . (BTOOJCTUOCDQJo

9.

10 .

890

<:; tBtoojcroocn

oroaioroom _|_ojo

(319)00

§1o

1 3 .

14 .

1 5 . 6306mo

3 J 0

(araejooroi coil ej"l cno°

043)6)0003)0

©OSTDlô

6J06TT)o

ffl0C6TD0o

socssmoo

IV Underline the word which correctly reads the given iiufnber.

16. 107 O9)00T a{j^pu , 6Jft803>00Ta^j)\PciJ(IDo, nJfljVl CCT)^0

1 7 . 9 9 6>«nogrocj°, 6>rtno§goao)1(0(mm1 a o J o j ^ " , acnogmool

1 8 . 3 9 8 cQ^T?)f 1 oriDOficcvooTn^s0, ^cnojooT a^)s° , (^CTTÔOI 6)fOi)OflQDQU^ ti

V Underline the correct plural form of the given singular noun. j

2 0 . <9)0£Jo

<a.oejcooo

2 1 .

VI Underline the correct feminine form of the given masculine noun.

2 2 . * oro0ccnfio1f0)o3 — oro0ccDnfVl(oyi

CTU°(SCPaO'l (0)0

<T0°ffiCT)ar>1fIJ>

23.

24.

892

VII Underline the correct past tense form for the given present tense verb.

25. Sgflg*™ — ganei

gsng

26. cnscseonra — - cnsaalcnscrrocnsosD

27. ^(319)00)1

VIII Underline the correct negative of the given verb form.

2 8 . (3T3)6n8o . X (BT3)6TT)1gJ

2 9. njocsjio X

n_IOQQWBgD°

30. r>_10§(TT) X OJ0S6TBnJOSORJTO)o_10S06)nnnJ0S(S6rg

IX Underline the verb form that correctly completes the sentence.

3 1 . (stoajBffiCQ)05° aroiocti <sa

nJO0Q)OS)(!T)

OJOCSJJOIBO

3 2 . raroegraOo (T)1A6njcnju1^j®6)c9>O6n| £BO(®iBosrTO0 armooft

ajcmifiBcrra

njcrro

i •". . . . . : , , ( U C T D O t O J

893

33.<9>1|CTT>

«e>1§1

c8>1§6>§

3 4 . @c/)60B6)i36)<e6>06n@ oJ6m1 mn&ouyro cue/loo; graruo ;

aO£D06rtB°.

3 5 .

6J(O360Bi

6S(O3c96)<>

X Underline the correct nounform that fills up the gap

36.

(BTDCT)1oa)(SCT)0§o

3 7 . o^)6>nio gi>6na

(smo6)cr)6)e9«)O6n|" ;

feiiioeono?" j

3 8. <9>Oro6TT)o 63CTTOO .i

39. _<9J(0IO)1 (O3CT)1 CTD06nO °

<Si(OrO)16)0DOJ)O6n9 u

894

40. r-r — — — 1

XI Mark the word that can substitute the underlined part of the sentencewithout changing the meaning.

41.

•42.

• \o r

'

4 3 . ( f t g j jy(3TOaJcft>So

4 4 . onTffloiio cft>eji06mo a^)(Sn-jooo cnsorro?

4 5 . roOUU nJ06TOTO) tSjOraô 6TO)0CT1)O

(8TB(sonr>

895

XII Underline the word that most appropriately fills up the-gap.

4 6 . ggoD ngroVloQ) m1(fBjnJ6majo

47.

48 .

49 .ajoa1<ssma

5 0 . OD£J <fe§1<ejOo g6B13610D 0900^

XIII Mark the verb form that cannot substitute the underlined part ofthe sentence.

5 1 .

896

5 2 . CTOJaroo g:suo • . / : - • -• V,

(8T0Sc9Sl6mo

5 3 . o®gjo0

oru o to <ftaaT (flscrro

5 4 . orojomo c n o § 1 c e j o | insswgorta ?

og)6>o5o

(3tBO16)rf)-

acx&iimiq-peesoro

fSI0CT16!!t3CTT)

XIV Out of the given pair underline the word that correctly completes thegap.

5 7 . CD°1

58. (313)

59. raraojacr)-

60.

6 1 .

62.

, (SnJOejo)

( i lJOOl , JlJOQo)

897;

XV Underline the word that correctly fills up the gap in the sentence stf as toget a question: ' ' . .

63- . cni6)o8o owgjoft n^crwo nQigjiLCTniaaosTii)0—'• 1 ."

• 4.

OJCTDORjial«Be9j '•airoiagyaionr)1|°

aJO0Q)06)flT>

6 5 . raoou), ODT ngjcmoena" ajoajia> maajcA e&s

6 6 . aJOblSIOj

XVI Underline the word that can most appropriately form a pair with thetest word given.

67»

(BTi>cflii5B!)"

68.

6 9 . Oajgoft oraaffi

60—3 CIIL/M/80

awT O . m » * » * ••••:• . . . . — — ; .'••:} - ; • • . ( ® O J »

rairart

V- -- . . . . . . . • CnOSTDo

7 1 . «uoj° — ojsmo

OOJCTDo

XVII Underline the three words in each set that are most related to the testword given.

7 2 . nrncnjejo (roars <sra>aooQ)o

73.. ra>o/l

74 .

70.6)CUggo OJQ{3o

OJg* . OJUOo

XVIII Underline the word in each set which does not belonf to it.

76.

asoe/1OnJCT)

m77.

CT\}B>So

7 8.

XIX Underline the two words in each set which have opposite meanings.

7 9 . (BR^gg)11,. o^)§gro°, (BOAO&I,, oigoco, ooofoogo, asana>"

8 0 .

8 1 .

XX On the basis of the test pair given, underline the pair that exhibits thesame kind of relationship between the component words.

8 2 . OjSUo c9>SCQu

§ 1 <fl.6r0T0Jo

'83.

84.

OOJ9tT)o 8OJ6TB

900

8'5.

6)6)<9>

XXI Mark the word that can meaningfully substitute the underlined part ofthe sentence.86. rifl)gJ3 ailgiejo

taoaemo?

6).aj<jg>6>tejO6nsT roT aacna.aj1gcnji6)<e€)osn3T(o1e9scn9.' '

8 8 . (2ju)OCT)(B(gj)1c!Q)1(!i5cT)1cnD» (Btscgnoajo croamocoe

• QJ1OO1 |6TTI 0 .

' •CUg6TOT!5)'l§6n|u

1 u

XXII Mark the sentence which correctly explains the test sentence.89. mocjoo/l (onejo/lariio

(a)(b)

90.

. (a), aonni ajw.965.aoo csArogmroiejigjooaArtBorra

(b) sonni ai»<9a<flbC»

(c)

(d)

901

91.:

( a ) o_i6m<oro»1»oSo

(I)) <BID.aJo.afl>6)08o nJ6tT)o <d>0(06TT)o

( c ) (8»jaJuJiffl6)C!Jo nJ6TT)o <a»0(06mo

ODScOSCTO.

(T>SaaCIT)1§y.

(STDQCTT) cnsor ro .

9 2 .(BtSOffi gCTnAoTTO (BTBOlfflCT)

(a)

(b)

(c)

tBT8)(/8JCn)1 OJT J .

<0>6ns

•ft>6n|

9 3 .ojraigooQ)6)(mcTT)06rro0

(a ) o.oJ§a& ajoaj)(rn(!nai)crufi)1^jo

1

6)<9j06ia)j1<oaaT)@s)caioaneo«nou, SOCBOD

o (BTBST(2_|OCQ)I>.

ooaimwcn)

o_in±i§o<es>1cQ)1§'lg:j.

XXITI Select the most appropriate question to the given statement:

9 4 . (DOJSCIS oosonrb aioa»1<9aa». . . . ; : • -

(a) (ooncS> r^)gg , aiooQ)1aacrrt?

(c) coosrii nQsraam aiooo)1<ea«no?

(d) raowcft fi®oro)1n9

902

(a) cnoscfeajo, ALOOÔ, cruionitacsjjo acrroo

9 6 . «flj)1: isanT (jDOtoogo miwi. gD© (@fUc9.T|6)0KTTO srtnprii orujnJ0or>(5nn1(3b

(a)

(d) . ID(B>1a(n)0?

Underline the word that correctly completes the second sentence ofthe given pair:

9 7 . (iQfflofio onjmcsyffls mloo CTn

100.

1,0%

OHKUrtBo

98.

(3T9OJO(0CSJ)o

9 9 . (ooa/lcejo, nwruajccmronjo cT)s<9acroû

ratoolaj0

' (TO)nO3(t)o

APPENDIX III

Grammatical terms used ihthis book

Ablative CaseAccusative Cas«AdjectiveAdverb,AffirmativeAuxiliary verbCardinalCausal caseCausativeCommon genderComplex sentenceCompound sentenceConsonantConcessiveConditionalContinuous tenseCo-ordinating suffixCopula Verb •Dative caseDefective verbDemonstrative adjectiveEquational sentenceExclusive pluralFeminine gender.Future tenseGenitive caseImperativeInclusive pluralIntensifierInterrogativeIntransitiveLocative caseMasculine Gender

NegativeNeuter GenderNounNoun phraseNoun stemNumberNumeral adjectiveObjectObjective caseObligatory constructionOptativeOrdinalParticipial nounPast tensePerftct tensePersonPluralPossessive pronounPost positionPredicatePresent tenseProhibitivePronominal predicatePronounProximate pronounPurposive infinitiveQuotative particleReflexive ConstructionRelative participleRemote pronounSandhiSimple sentenceSimultaneous Construction

903

MGIPCBE—SI—3/CIIL/M/8Q—18-1 1 T 8 1 - 1000.

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Kumari An Intensive Course in Malayalam.pdf