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Bengali:- Kurchi
Gujrati :- Kadacchal
Hindi:- Kaureya kurchi
Kannada:- Kodasige,Halagatti gida,Halagatti mara
Malayalam:- Kadagapala
Marathi:- Kudasal
Sanskrit:- Kutaja
Tamil:- Krukkalami-palsi
Telugu:- kodisapala
It is the dried stem bark of Holarrhena antidysentrica / Holarrhena pubescens belonging to the family Apocynacece. it is collected from 8 to 10 years old plant and freed from attached wood and peeled into small pieces. It should contain NOT LESS
THAN 2% of total alkaloids of kurchi
• Kurchi is indigenous to India and found throught India and in the parts ascending upto 1000 meters in Himalayan region
• It is also found in the parts ofOrissa Assam Uttar PradeshMaharashtra
Condition:- Dry
Shape :- Longitudinally RECURVED pieces
Size :- Variable
Outer surface :-It is longitudinally wrinkled and bears horizontal lenticels
Inner surface :- Brownish rough and with irregular transverse cracks
Fracture :- Short and granular
Light yellow wood may be seen attached occasionally
CORK CELLS
Thin walled few colorless and few are with yellowish brown matter
STONE CELLS / SCLERIDS
Rectangular to oval in shape, walls striated, pitted and lignified. surrounded by sheath of parenchymatous cells containing calcium oxalate crystals.
MEDULLARY RAYS
Phloem parenchyma traverse the medullary rays at right angles through such pieces are not seen many in number
CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS
Present in the form of prisms scattered all over in the powder
STARCH GRAINS
Few in number, simple grains
Kurchi bark contains steroidal alkaloid up to about 1.8 to 4.5%
They are C21 group of steroidal alkaloids
The active alkaloids are conessine(kurchicine),norconessine,isoconessine, dioxyconessine, conessimine, holarrhimine, holarrhidine, kurchalosssine, kurchessine and regholarrhenines
Conessine is also present in root bark along with some other steroidal alkaloids
The other alkaloids of conanine series have been reported from the bark
In addition to alkaloids kurchi contains gums, resins, tannins, lupeal and beta-sitosterol
CONESSINE
NORCONESSINE
ISOCONESSINE
CONESSIMINE
HOLARRHIDINE
SALKOWSKI REACTION:- To 20 ml of extract add 2ml of chloroform and 2ml of concentrated sulphuric acid shake well. chloroform layer appears red and acid layer shows greenish yellow fluorescence. Indicates the presence of steroidal moiety
LIBERMANN-BURCHARD REACTION:-Mix 2ml of extract with chloroform add 1-2ml of acetic anhydride and 2drops of concentrated sulphuric acid from sides of the test tube. First red then blue and finally green color appears. Indicates the presence of steroidal moiety
Contd…….LIBERMANN’S REACTION:-Mix 3ml extract with 3ml
acetic anhydride heat and cool, add few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid. Blue color appears. Indicates the presence of steroidal moiety
THERAPEUTIC USES
Kurchi bark is antiprotozoal in activity and used to treat amoebic dysentery
Kurchi bark is considered to be stomachic, astringent, tonic, anti-dysenteric, febrifuge and anthelmintic
The dried bark is rubbed over the body in dropsy
Conessine is highly active against Entamoeba histolytica
A traditional preparation of kurchi bark i.e. “kutajarishta” is commonly used specially for chronic amoebiasis
The preparation of kurchine bismuth iodide which contains 23 to 27% total alkaloid is used as anti dysenteric