A Study on Content Anycasting for Future Internet

Kyushu University

Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering

Department of Advanced Information Technology

Supervisor: Professor Koji Okamura.Name: Othman Othman M.M.

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Outline:1. Goal .2. Current Technologies.3. Limitations of Current Technologies.4. Anycast Scenario5. BitTorrent (P2P) Scenario.6. Advantages of Combining Technologies.7. How to Combine Technologies.8. Applications.

1. Popular Large File Distribution.2. P2P construction.

9. Conclusion.10.Q&A.

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1-Goal:Nowadays many Future Internet researches,

technologies going.

OpenFlow is one of candidate Future Internet technologies.to create Circuit based like systems.

To support mobility, computing centers ……

Important to show new ways to use OpenFlow to provide new services or improve current ones.That make use of OpenFlow capabilities other than

circuit like.To have contents with high availability.

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2-Current Technologies:Anycast:

Multiple nodes with the same address (Sa).

Packet sent to (Sa) will be delivered to the node with nearest location.

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Peer to Peer:Depends on user clients

to provide service.Implements an

application layer overlay network.

Fig 2. BitTorrentSource :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Torrentcomp_small.gif

Sa

Sa

SaFig 1. Anycast

3-Limitations of Current Technologies:

Anycast:All of the content

servers must have identical contents.

Lacks the flexibility, and not dynamic.

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Peer to Peer:Overhead because of

overlay nature, protocol, peer discovery, and looking up in index.

Service depends on user’s contribution.

10.10.10.1

10.10.10.1

192.168.0.2

192.168.0.1

Router 1Router 2

Router 3 Router 4

Destination Next-Hop Distance

192.168.0.0 127.0.0.1 010.0.0.1 192.168.0.1 110.0.0.1 192.168.0.2 2

Cont 1Cont 2Cont 3Cont

n

Cont 1Cont 2Cont 3Cont

n

Fig 2. BitTorrentSource : http://computer.howstuffworks.com/bittorrent2.htm

4-Anycast Scenario:

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10.10.10.1

10.10.10.1

Cont 1Cont 2Cont 3Cont

n

Cont 1Cont 2Cont 3Cont

n

Cont 1Cont 2Cont 3Cont

n

10.10.10.1

10.10.10.1

Client will send

packet to

10.10.10..1

Network will choose end node based on routing

measures

5-BitTorrent (P2P) Scenario:

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Tracker

100%Seeder

100%Seeder

70%

30%

0%

6-Advantages of Combining Technologies 1/3:Anycast.Content Centric

Networks.Peer to Peer.

Combination of those technologies:Users contributing in service: to improve the

availability, and improves the overall use of bandwidth in whole network.

Regular Client/Server

User contributionIn Content Anycasting

6-Advantages of Combining Technologies 2/3 :Anycast.Content Centric

Networks.Peer to Peer.

Combination of those technologies:Choosing destination by network: to remove the

burden of finding destination and thus a faster response.

Tracker

Tracker Role in BitTorrentChoosing Destination By NetworkIn Content Anycasting

?Content Server

OpenFlow Router

6-Advantages of Combining Technologies 3/3 :Anycast.Content Centric

Networks.Peer to Peer.

Combination of those technologies:Content ID: to have more flexibility down to the

level of contents rather than the node level.

Using Content IDIn Content Anycasting

Content Server

Decision based on:

• IP address.• Content ID.

Regular

Content Server

Decision based on:

• IP address.• sometimes port#

OpenFlow Router

7-How to Combine Technologies:Content anycasting does its rule by using:

OpenFlow for the process of choosing the destination, along with the aid of the content server.

A new procedure for requesting content is introduced to enable the clients to get the contents.

1111

Content Server

Client A

Anycast Manager

Client B

Su

AuBu

Get Content ID form

URL

Content ID = X, in URL

To: SuCont id=X

To: AuCont id=X

Redirection Req.

Threshold

reached

Redirection

OpenFlow Router

7-How to Combine Technologies:The new procedure for

getting the content:

Phase 1: getting the content ID. (e.g.: from the URL).

Phase2: using the content ID in Probe protocol.

Phase 3: getting file via TCP.

Fig 1: Procedure for getting content(Hand shake of the Probe Protocol)

New ClientOpenFlo

wrouter

Current Client

Destination: serverIP :START

Destination: CurrentClientIP :START

START/ACKWith CurrentClientIP in the probe header

ACK / ACKDestination: CurrentClientIP

TCP SessionP

hase

2P

hase

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7-How to Combine Technologies:Headers of the Probe protocol

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Fig2: Probe Protocol Header

Fig1: UDP Header

8- Applications:Characterized by large number of users, and

long time sessions.

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Popular Large File Distribution:Popular: many users.Large file: long

session.

Content Anycast can: reduce the load

on server.

Aiding P2P network:e.g.: live video of a

sport show.Popular: many users.Long time session.

Content Anycast can:Reduce user start-

up time.Reduce load on

server or management entity.

8-1: App1: Popular Large File Distribution:

Example of use.

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Fig

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9-App1: Popular Large File Distribution:Evaluation:

Using simple simulator, built using Java.Simulates a network with 5 areas (5 networks);

Content Anycast: use only one server.Regular Anycast: 5 replica servers each in one network.

Measure the server load : number of connections the server serves.

Shows that :Regular Client server: single server load is 100% (one

server for all)

Regular anycast: each server out of 5 load is 20%.Content Anycast : single server load is 50%,33%, 25%

and 20% respectively for case of client can serve 1, 2, 3, 4 other clients. 16

8-1: App1: Popular Large File Distribution: Evaluation:

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Content Anycast can achieve same load as regular anycast but using only one server instead of 5.

8-2: App2: P2P construction: Regular P2P network.To join the network the client must follow steps:

1. locate the peer to contact, and arrange with management entity.

2. Contact that peer to get content.This is done by asking the management entity

(e.g. tracker) about which peer to contact to and receive its reply.

18Fig 1: Steps for Getting Content in regular P2P

8-2: App2: P2P construction: Using Content Anycast in P2P network.To join the network the client must follow steps:

1. locate the peer to contact, and Contact that peer to get content.

2. Report and arrange with the management entity.This is done by using preinstalled redirection on

the network.

19Fig 1: Steps for Getting Content in Content Anycast P2P

8-2: App2: P2P construction: Example of use.

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Fig

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irect

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Fig

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8-2: App2: P2P construction: Evaluation:

To evaluate start-up time:Count the number of hops that the client

request travels across the network + hops reply travels.

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Content Anycast, average hops = 5.

Regular P2P, average hops = 14.

Content Anycast has a lower hop count due to using pre-installed redirections that lead request to peer in same network.

8-2: App2: P2P construction: Evaluation:

To evaluate serve/management entity load.

Generate flash crowds periodically every 100 cycle.

Count the number of peer quivery requests received by the server/ management entity.

Content Anycast has a lower load due to using pre-installed redirections that lead request to peer in same network rather than the server.

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Server load limit

9- Conclusion:New mechanism for requesting content is

designed to enable content anycasting.Using the content id in the process of getting the content.A Probe protocol is designed (modification to UDP) to be

used.

Simulation shows that Content anycast can reduce load to match reduction of the regular

anycast (under some conditions) using only one server. On simulation scenario: 80% reduction in number of

servers.

construct P2P network that has shorter start-up time and less load on the management entity/ server. On simulation scenario: 74% reduction in number of hops

needed to get contents.23

Study Plan:Approximate time Event

April ~ May / 2011

Submit journal paper of master course research

May/2011 ~ September/2012

Studying first and second stages

  ~September/2011

Submit to Conference for stage one

~January/2012

Submit to journal paper for stage one

~February / 2012

Submit to Conference for stage two

  ~May/2012 Submit to Conference for stage two

~July/2012 Submit to journal paper for stage two

October/2012 ~ September/2013

Further improve of stage one and two.

  ~ March / 2013

Submit to conference for stages one and two.

~ December/2013 Finish writing Thesis

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Goals:

Propose protocols and mechanisms to be implemented to Future Internet to enable inter and intra network management of flows.

Use them to create a smarter and self-organized network.

10- Q&A:Thank you for listening.

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