l-kw-hmZw · kvt\l-kw-hmZw 5 ≠v. `qan-bnse £WnI Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ imizX Pohn-Xhpw hnP-b-I-chpw kpc-£n-X-hp-am-Im≥ A\n-hm-cy-amb hyhÿ Xß-

$Page 1: l-kw-hmZw · kvt\l-kw-hmZw 5 ≠v. `qan-bnse £WnI Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ imizX Pohn-Xhpw hnP-b-I-chpw kpc-£n-X-hp-am-Im≥ A\n-hm-cy-amb hyhÿ Xß-$
ssZhw, aXw, thZw

kvt\l-kw-hmZw

ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-Ip∂v

]km-[\w

Ub-temKv sk‚¿ tIcf

hnX-cWw

Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv

tImgn-t°mSv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw, Xriq¿

4 ssZhw, aXw, thZw

]kvXm-h\\ΩpsS \mSns‚ ][m\ khn-ti-j-X-I-fn-sem∂v AXns‚ _lp-kz-c-X-bm-Wv. aX-ssh-hn-[y-X-bp-sSbpw kmwkvIm-cnI sshPm-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw `mjm _lp-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw kwKa `qan-bmWv C¥y. AXn-\m¬ cmPy-Øns‚bpw P\-X-bp-sSbpw Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb \ne-\nev]pw]ptcm-K-Xnbpw km[y-am-h-W-sa-¶n¬ hnhn[ aX kaq-l-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ kvt\lhpw kulr-Zhpw kl-I-c-Whpw kln-jvWp-XbpwA\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. At\ym\yw ASp-Ø-dn-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS amXta CXv]mtbm-Kn-I-am-hp-I-bp-≈q. hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb Adn-hns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬A_-≤-[m-c-W-I-fmWv B[n-]-Xy-ap-d-∏n-°p-I. AXv h≥ hn]-Øp-Iƒ-°v \nan-Ø-am-sb∂pw hcpw.

tIcfw km£-c-X-bnepw kmwkvIm-cnI ]_p-≤-X-bnepw cmjvSo-b Ah-t_m-[-Ønepw hfsc anI®p\n¬°p∂ ]tZ-i-am-W-t√m. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ kmaq-ln-I˛kmwkvIm-cn-I˛cmjvSob taJ-e-I-fn¬ kPo-h-am-b -N¿®-Ifpw kwhm-Z-ßfpw \S-°m-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ aX-ta-J-e-bn¬Bib hn\n-abØn\p≈ Ah-k-c-ßƒ AXy-]q¿h-a-sX. hnhn[ aXkapZm-b-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ henb AI¬®-bpw XnI-™ A⁄-XbpwKpcp-X-c-amb sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Ifpw \ne-\n¬-°m-\p≈ Imc-W-ß-fn-sem∂vCXm-Wv. CXp ]cn-l-cn-°m-\mbn kvt\-l-Ønepw ]c-kv]c kl-I-c-W-Ønepw kulm¿Z-Ønepw KpW-Imw-£-bnepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb apJm-ap-J-ßfpw N¿®-Ifpw skan-\m-dp-I-fpw kntºm-kn-b-ßfpw kwhm-Z-ßfpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°m\pw DØa KŸ-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°m-\p-ambn cq]w-sIm≠ thZn-bmWv Ub-temKv sk‚¿ tIcf.

sFlnI PohnXw kam-[m\ \nc-Xhpw t£a-]q¿W-hp-am-I-W-sa-∂m-K-ln-°mØ Bcp-ap-≠m-hn-√. A∆n[w ac-Wm-\-¥cw ssZh-]o-Xnbpw PohnX hnPbhpw e`n-°-W-sa∂v apgp-h≥ aX-hn-izm-kn-IfpwBK-ln-°p-∂p. CXp c≠pw Htc kabw km[n-X-am-hm≥ G‰w ]‰nbam¿K-ta-sX∂v At\z-jn-°m\pw Is≠-Øm\pw Ghcpw _m[y-ÿ-c-sX.

`qan-bnse PohnXw sFizcy ]q¿Whpw t£a-\n-c-X-hp-am-°m≥ G‰wDX-Ip∂ ]≤Xn Xß-fpsS hi-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ uXnI ]ÿm-

5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

\-ßƒ Ah kaql ka£w ka¿∏n-°m≥ kZm PmKX ]pe¿Øm-dp-≠v. `qan-bnse £WnI Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ imizX Pohn-Xhpw hnP-b-I-chpw kpc-£n-X-hp-am-Im≥ A\n-hm-cy-amb hyhÿ Xß-fptSXm-sW∂v Dd-®p-hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ kmaq-lnI ]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw a\p-jy-kvt\-l-hp-ap-≈-h-cm-sW-¶n¬ P\-ß-tfm-SXv KpW-Imw£m ]q¿hwXpd-∂p-]-d-bm≥ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. AØ-c-samcp hyh-ÿsb P\-ßƒ°v]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv ISpØ tZmlhpw kmaq-lnI hncp≤kao-]-\-hp-am-Wv. Aßs\ kw`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ ia-Øns‚ mKwIqSn-bmWv Ub-temKv sk‚¿.

tIc-f-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ Ckvem-ans\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mbn \nc-h[n "apJm-apJw' ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw kvt\l-kw-hm-Z-ßfpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. F√m hn`mKw P\-ßfpw AØcw ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ Xm¬]-cy-]q¿hw ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw N¿®-I-fn¬ kPo-h-ambn kl-I-cn-°p-I-bpw sNbvXp. Pn⁄mkm]q¿hw D∂-bn-°-s∏´ tNmZy-ß-fp-sSbpw Ahbv°p \¬I-s∏´ DØ-cß-fpsSbpw kam-lm-c-am-Wn-Xv. adp-]-Sn-I-fn¬ Bh-iy-amb hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw ]am-W-ßfpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. BapJ `mjWw KŸ-Øns‚ BZy-`m-KØv kwK-ln®ptN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

CXnse kwkvIrX `mK-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v Bh-iy-amb Xncp-Ø-ßƒ hcp-Øn-bXv ]me-°mSv hnIvtSm-dnbm tImtfPv kwkvIrX `mjmhn`m-K-Ønse A[ym-]nI tUm. ]n.-]n. JZo-P-bm-Wv.

]ikvX KŸ-I¿Øm-°fpw \ncq-]-I-cp-amb hmWn-Zmkv Ff-bm-hqcv, C_vdmlow t_hn© F∂n-h¿ Cu IrXn-sb-°p-dn-s®-gp-Xnb \ncq-]-W-ßƒ A\p-_-‘-ambn tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. hmb-\-°m-cpsS ssII-fn-ep≈ Cu Bdmw ]Xn-∏n¬ Nne ]cn-jvI-c-W-ßƒ hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

kmaq-lnI ]m[m-\y-ap≈ auenI IrXn-Iƒ°v \¬In-h-cp∂ Sn.-]n. Ipýmap kmln_v Ahm¿Uv 2002-˛¬ e`n-®Xv Cu IrXn-°m-Wv.

Ckvem-ans\ kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw AXn-s\ -kw-_-‘n®vkaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n-ev°p∂ Kpcp-X-c-amb sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ Zqco-I-cn-°m\pw Cu IrXn D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. D]-I-cn-°-s -sb∂v]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.

˛ ]-km-[-I¿

6 ssZhw, aXw, thZw

Xmfp-I-fn¬

BapJ `mjWw ............................................................................................. 11

1. ssZhw \oXn-amt\m? ................................................................................ 33

2. ssZhsØ krjvSn-®-Xmcv? .................................................................... 35

3. Ckvemapw Aù-XnI ⁄m\hpw .................................................... 38

4. ssZhm-h-Xmcw kXytam anYytbm ................................................... 43

5. kmbn-_m-_bpw apkvenw kn≤-∑mcpw ............................................ 50

6. hnK-lm-cm-[-\sb F¥n-s\-Xn¿°p∂p? ......................................... 55

7. IA-v_-bnse IdpØ I√pw inem-]q-Pbpw .................................. 60

8. AssZz-XsØ AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-sX-¥p-sIm≠v .......................... 63

9. ]c-tem-I-ap-s≠-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hpt≠m? ............................................ 74

10. ]c-temIw ]c-am¿Ytam? ...................................................................... 78

11. ]c-tem-IØpw kwh-c-Wtam? ............................................................ 82

12. kz¿K-Ønepw kvXohn-th-N-\tam? .................................................. 86

13. ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-khpw ]p\¿P∑ k¶¬]hpw ........................... 89

14. kz¿K˛\cI hnizm-khpw Nqj-W-hy-h-ÿbpw......................... 95

15. a\- m-£nbpw Znhy-t_m-[-\hpw ..................................................... 100

16. iocm-a\pw ioIr-jvW\pw ]hm-N-I-∑m-cm-bn-cpt∂m? .......... 105

17. apl-ΩZv \_nbpw hnK-l-[zw-k-\hpw .......................................... 108

18. thZhpw KoXbpw ssZhn-Itam? ......................................................... 113

19. Jp¿-B≥ ss__n-fns‚ A\p-I-c-Wtam? ................................... 119

20. Jp¿-B≥ ssZhnI KŸtam? .......................................................... 124

21. Ckvemapw ]cn-Wmakn≤m-¥hpw ................................................... 132

22. aX-ta-Xm-bmepw a\p-jy≥ \∂m-bm¬ t]mtc? ........................ 137

23. B[p-\nI a\p-jy\v Bdmw \q‰m-≠nse aXtam? ................... 141

24. ssZhw IA-v_-bntem? ........................................................................ 145

25. hn[n-hn-izmkw ùXn-I-hm-Z-Ønepw Ckvem-anepw ................... 149

26. Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßfn¬ sshcp-[ytam? ........................................ 162

7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

27. ASn-aØw \ntcm-[n-°m-Xn-cp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v? ......................... 166

28. Ckvem-ans‚ ]Nm-c-Whpw Bbp[ ]tbm-Khpw ................... 174

29. Ckvem-anI `c-W-Ønse aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ .......................... 180

30. Pnkvb aX-\n-Ip-Xntbm? ..................................................................... 186

31. kvXobpsS ]Zhn Ckvem-an¬ .......................................................... 191

32. Ckvemw ]pcp-j-ta-[m-hn-Xz-Øns‚ aXtam? .............................. 197

33. ]¿Z apX¬ km£yw hsc .............................................................. 200

34. s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Ønse kvXo ]¶m-fnØw .................................. 205

35. A\mY ]uXs‚ A\-¥-cm-h-Imiw ........................................... 210

36. _en-I¿ahpw Poh-Im-cp-Wyhpw ...................................................... 217

37. Ckvemapw òI-c-hm-Zhpw .................................................................. 223

38. Ckvemw F¥p-sIm≠v kzoIm-cy-am-hp-∂n√? ........................... 229

39. Ckvemapw apkvenw ]n∂m-°m-h-ÿbpw .................................... 234

40. bp‡n-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Nne tNmZy-ßƒ ............................................. 239

D]-kw-lmcw ........................................................................................... 245A\p-_‘w 1

Imew BK-ln-°p∂ DXvIrjvS IrXn ˛ hmWnZmkv Ff-bm-hqcv .......................................................... 247A\p-_‘w 2

kwkvIrXn ]q°p-tºmƒ ˛ C_vdmlow t_hn© ............................................................. 251

8 ssZhw, aXw, thZw

BapJ `mjWw]nb-ap-≈-htc,

\Ωn-te-h-cnepw ]]-©-\m-Ys‚ A\p-K-lm-in- p-Iƒ kZm h¿jn-°p-am-dm-hs´. \ΩpsS Cu kvt\l-]q¿h-amb kwKaw ê-]-Z-am-hm≥k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZhw klm-bn-°p-am-dm-hs´.

]cn-an-X-amb ka-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Ckvem-ans\ kw£n-]vX-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-∂-XmWv Ct∏mƒ F∂n-e¿∏n-X-amb Npa-Xe. Cu_m[yX bYm-hn[n \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Fs∂bpw ê-]-Z-ambn tIƒ-°m-\pw Dƒs°m-≈m\pw \nß-sfbpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb A√mlp XpW-°p-am-dm-hs´.

BcmWv a\p-jy≥? Ah≥ Fhn-sS-\n∂v h∂p? Ftßm´p t]mIp-∂p? F¥mWv PohnXw? F¥n-\p-≈-XmWv? F∆n-[-am-bn-cn-°Ww? ac-W-tijw F¥v? Pohn-XsØ t_m[-]q¿hw kao-]n-°m-\m-K-ln-°p∂B¿°pw CØcw tNmZy-ß-fn¬\n∂v Hgn-™p-am-dpI km[y-a√. Ch-bv°p e`n-°p∂ adp-]Sn Pohn-X-Øns‚ e£yhpw am¿Khpw ZnibpwcoXnbpw cq]hpw `mhhpw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ A\-ev]-amb ]¶p-h-ln-°p∂p.

a\p-jy-\n¬ aq∂v Awi-ap≠v: icocw, a\ v, Bflmhv. ico-chpwimco-cn-Im-h-iy-ßfpw a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse CXc Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°p-ap≠v.Xn∂pI, IpSn-°pI, t`mKn-°pI, kpJn-°pI, D√-kn-°pI t]mep≈imco-cn-Im-h-iy-ßƒ F√m Pohn-Ifpw \n¿h-ln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p.AXn\v Ahsb klm-bn-°p-∂Xv P∑-hm-k-\-I-fmWv. C°m-cy-Øn¬a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ anI-®p-\n¬°p∂ Ht´sd Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ temI-Øp≠v.DZm-l-c-W-ambn tX\o®. AXn\v Zni-b-dn-bm≥ kqcy-]-Im-i-Øns‚Bh-iy-an√. hncn-™p-\n¬°p∂ ]qhns‚ ASp-Øp-sN∂p \n¬°p∂kky-im-kvX-⁄\v AXn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ tX\p-≈-sX-t∏m-gm-sW∂v a\- n-em-°pI km[y-a√. F∂m¬ AXns‚ Acn-In-eqsS ]mdn-∏-d-°p∂ tX\o-®°v AXv A\m-bmkw Adn-bm≥ km[n°pw. tX\o-®-bpsS IqSv, \n¿amW sshZ-Kv[y-Øns‚ anI® DZm-l-c-WamWv. AXn-\n-]p-W-\mb F©n-\o-b¿°p-t]mepw AØ-c-sam-∂p-≠m-°m-\m-hn√.tX\o-®-bpsS tPmenhn`-P\w Hcp ]cn-jvIrX \mK-cnI kaq-l-sØ-

9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

°mƒ anI-®-XsX.NnX-ens‚ ]p‰v Gsd it≤-b-amWv. Z-amb At\Iw Ad-I-tfmSp

IqSnb AXn\v 25 ASn-hsc Db-c-ap-≠m-hm-dp≠v. NnX-ens‚ hep-∏hpwAXp \n¿an-°p∂ ]p‰ns‚ Db-chpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv a\p-jy≥ AXn-\-\p-kr-X-amb hoSp-≠m-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv 1000 \ne-bp≈sIń-S-sa-¶nepw \n¿an-t°-≠n-hcpw. Xhf AXns‚ hep-∏-Øns‚ Ccp-]-Xn-c-ń-tbmfw Zqc-tØ°v NmSm≥ Ign-hp≈ Pohn-bmWv. ]p¬®m-Sn-bpsS ÿnXn CXn-s\-°mƒ AZv`p-X-I-c-asX. DS-ens‚ hep-∏-Øns‚Ccp-\qdv aSßv Zqc-tØ°v NmSm≥ AXn\p km[n°pw. AXn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn a\p-jy≥ NmSp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \m\qdv ao‰¿ Zqc-sa-¶n-ep-sa-Øm-\-h\v Ign-bWw. AXv k¶-ev]m-Xo-X-am-Wt√m. tZim-S-\-]-£n-Iƒ AhXma-kn-°p∂ ]tZ-isØ Imem-hÿ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn amdp-tºmƒAt\-Im-bncw Intem-ao-‰¿ AIse A\p-tbm-Py-amb Imem-h-ÿ-bp≈]tZ-i-ßƒ A\m-bmkw Is≠-Øp∂p. s]¨ \nim-i-e-`-ßƒ ico-c-K-‘w-sIm≠v ]Xn-s\m∂v Intem-ao-‰¿ hsc AI-se-bp≈ ]pcpj ]qºm-‰sb AXn-thKw BI¿jn-°p∂p. \nt∂-S-Øp-\n∂v taevt]m´pwIogvt]m´pw apt∂m´pw ]nt∂m´pw ]d-°m-\p≈ Xpºn-bpsS IgnhvAXy¥w hnkva-b-P-\y-asX. ]q®-bpsS ImgvNi‡nbpw \mb-bpsSihWIgnhpw Igp-Is‚ LmW-ti-jnbpw a\p-jy-t‚-Xn-t\-°mƒ GsdanI-®-h-bsX.

F∂m¬ a\p-jy-s\m-gn-®p≈ Poh-Pm-e-ßƒs°m-∂pw-Xs∂ Xß-fpsS P∑-hm-k-\-I-fpsS ]cn-[n°v ]pd-Øp-I-S-°pI km[y-a√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ hf¿®bpw hnIm-khpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sams° Ahbv°vXo¿Øpw A]m-]y-asX. kl-km-_vZ-ßƒ°-∏pdw IqSp-≠m-°n-b-Xp-t]m-se-Ø-s∂-bmWv tX\o® C∂pw IqSp-≠m-°p-∂Xv. ]d-h-Iƒ At\-Im-bncw h¿jw apºv ]mdnb thK-Ønte C∂pw ]d-°p-I-bp≈q. ]t£,a\p-jy∂v Xs‚ apgp-Po-hnX taJ-e-I-fnepw hºn® ]ptcm-KXn t\Sm≥Ign™ \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m∂ Xe-ap-d-I-fn-eqsS Ign-™n-´p≠v. \ΩpsS ]q¿hn-I¿ ]md-s∏m-Øn-em-Wt√m ]m¿Øn-cp-∂Xv. ]ns∂]®n-e-IƒsIm≠v ad-®p-≠m-°nb sIm®p- Iq-c-I-fn¬ Ign-bm≥ XpSßn.Imew ]ns∂bpw ]n∂n-´-t∏mƒ ]m¿∏v ]p√p ta™ ]pc-I-fn-embn.]n∂oSv Xmakw HmSn´ hoSp-I-fn-embn; Ct∏mƒ kpµ-c-amb kna‚ vku[-ß-fnepw. hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ Xe-ap-d-I-fpsS hmk-ÿ-e-sa-hn-sS-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v \ap-°m¿°p-an∂v ]h-Nn-°m≥ t]mep-am-hn√. ]d-°m-\p≈ tamlw \ΩpsS ]q¿hn-I¿°p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. F¶nepw Ah¿°Xvk¶-ev]n-°mt\m kz]v\w ImWmt\m IqSn km[y-am-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂m¬\man∂v ]d-h-I-sf-°mƒ At\-I-an-cń thK-Øn¬ ]d-°m≥ klm-b-Iamb D]-I-c-W-ßƒ Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p. CXn-s\m-s°bpw a\p-jys\ klm-bn-®Xv Adn-bm\pw ]Tn-°m\pw a\- n-em-°m\pw Dƒs°m-≈m\pw hnth-Nn-®-dn-bm\pw Ign-th-Ip∂ hnti-j-_p-≤n-bmWv. AXv

1 0 ssZhw, aXw, thZw

a\p-jy-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bp-sSbpw hf¿®-bp-sSbpw \nan-Ø-ambn h¿Øn-°p∂p.

F∂m¬ CXp amX-a√ a\p-jys‚ khn-ti-jX. Ah\v P∑-hm-k\-Isf \nb-¥n-°m\pw Ah-bpsS ta¬ ta[m-hnXzw ]pe¿Øm\pwkm[n°pw. CXc Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°Xp km[y-a√. hni∂p he™ ]ip-hn\v ]p√v Inń-bm¬ Xn∂m-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn√. Xt∂-°mƒ hni-∏p≈ ]ip-°ƒ hni-∏-S-°s´ F∂p IcpXn ImØn-cn-°m≥ AXn\v Ign-bn√.Zmln®p he™ ]ń°v sh≈w Inń-bm¬ Xs∂-°mƒ Zmln® X≈-∏ń-°mbn AXp am‰n-sh-°mt\m IpSn-°m-Xn-cn-°mt\m km[y-a√. Hcp]qh≥ tImgn sImØm≥ h∂m¬ as‰mcp ]qh≥tImgn £an-°mtdmkln-°mtdm C√. F∂m¬ a\p-jys‚ ÿnXntbm; AXn-I-Tn-\-ambhni-∏p-≈-t∏mƒ Blmcw ASp-Øp-s≠-¶nepw, AXv Xn∂m≥ AXn-bmb BK-l-ap-s≠-¶nepw Xn∂m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ah\v Ignbpw. sImSpwZml-ap-≈-t∏mƒ sh≈w IpSn-°m≥ sImXn-bp-s≠-¶nepw, sh≈wssIbn¬ Inń-bmepw IpSn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw. FSm F∂p ]d-bp-∂-h-t\mSv t]mSm F∂p ]d-bm≥ ]qXn-bp-s≠-¶nepw B¿Pn-X-ambkwkvIm-cw-sImt≠m ]Xn-tbm-Knsb t]Snt®m Aßs\ ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ah∂v km[n°pw. CXv a\p-jys‚ khn-ti-j-X-bmWv. BK-l-ßsf \nb-¥n-°m\pw taml-ßsf sacp-°n-sb-Sp-°m\pw CO-I-fpsSta¬ ta[m-hnXzw ]pe¿Øm\pw a\p-jy\v km[n°pw. CXn-\-hs\klm-bn-°p-∂Xv Bflo-bmw-i-amWv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂, a\p-jy≥ P∑-hm-k-\-I-fm¬ Xo¿Øpw \nb-¥n-Xt\m _‘n-Xt\m A√. Ahs‚Pohn-X-Øn\p c≠p hi-ßfp≠v: H∂v kzbw sXc-s™-Sp-°m\pw Xocp-am-\n-°m\pw kzmX-¥yhpw km[y-X-bp-ap≈ taJe. c≠m-a-tØXvAXn-√m-ØXpw.

\ΩpsS \mSv, hoSv, tZiw, mj, Imew, tImew, enwKw; CsXm∂pwXocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv \ma-√t√m. tIc-f-Øn¬, ae-bm-fn-I-fmbn P\n-°-W-sa∂v \mamcpw kzbw Xocp-am-\n-®-X√. \mw \o≠-h-cm-I-Wtam Ipdn-b-h-cm-I-Wtam ae-bm-fn-I-fm-I-W-tam Xan-g-cm-I-W-tam Idp-Ø-h-cm-I-Wtamshfp-Ø-h-cm-I-Wtam BWm-I-Wtam s]Æm-I-Wtam Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠p-Im-cm-I-Wtam Ccp-]-sØm∂mw \q‰m-≠p-Im-cm-I-Wtam Fs∂m∂pwXocp-am-\n-°m-\p≈ km[y-Xtbm kzmX-¥ytam \ap-°m¿°pw e`n-®n-ń√. CsXm-s°bpw Aew-L-\o-b-amb ssZh-\n-b-a-ßƒ°p hnt[-b-amWv.

F∂m¬ a\p-jy\v kzbw sXc-s™-Sp-°m\pw Xocp-am-\n-°m\pwkm[y-Xbpw kzmX-¥y-hp-ap≈ hnim-e-amb as‰mcp taJe IqSn-bp≠v.\mw F¥p Xn∂Ww, F¥p Xn∂-cpXv; F¥p IpSn-°Ww, F¥p IpSn-°-cpXv t]mep≈ Imcy-ßƒ Xocp-am-\n-°m-\p≈ km[yX \ap-t°-h¿°pw \¬I-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. Cu kzmX-¥y-Øn\v G¿s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \nb-¥-W-Øn-\m-Wt√m \nb-a-sa∂p ]d-bpI. \ap°v A¥-co-£-Øn¬

1 1kvt\l-kw-hmZw

ssI hoim≥ km[n°pw; ]t£, AXv a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ico-c-Øn¬X´-cp-sX∂ \nb-¥-W-amWv \nb-a-am-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. \ap°v kwkm-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw; F∂m¬ AXv CX-c-cpsS hnIm-csØ hW-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂tXm A`n-am-\sØ £X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂tXm Bh-cpXv.

a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn\v C∆n[w \nbaw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v GhcpwAwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ temI-Øp≈ F√m P\-X-Iƒ-°pw kaq-l-ßƒ°pw \nba hyh-ÿ-I-fp≠v; c-W-L-S-\-I-fp≠v. Ah\S-∏m-°m-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-ß-fpap≠v. ChnsS Hcp tNmZyw hfsc ]k-‡-amWv. BcmWv a\p-jy\v \nbaw \¬tI-≠Xv? Ah≥ kzbw \n¿an-°p-I-bmtWm th≠Xv? Cu tNmZyw t_m[-ap-≈-h-scm-s°bpw kzbwtNmZn-°m-Xn-cn-°n√. H∂p-IqSn sXfn-bn®p ]d-™m¬, Rms\s‚ssIsIm≠v F¥p sNøWw, F¥p sNø-cpXv? IÆp-sIm-s≠¥v ImW-Ww, F¥p ImW-cpXv? ImXp-sIm≠v F¥p tIƒ°Ww, Fs¥ms°tIƒ°-cpXv? \mhp-sIm≠v F¥p ]d-bWw, Fs¥ms° ]d-b-cpXv?Imep-sIm≠v Fhn-tS-s°√mw t]mImw, Fhn-tS-s°√mw t]mI-cpXv?...BcmWv CXv Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠Xv? thW-sa-¶n¬ \ap°p ]dbmw: CsXm-s°bpw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw kzbw Xocp-am-\n®p sIm≈s´. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Adp-\qdp tImSn a\p-jy-cpsS ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ß-fmb Xm¬]-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw BK-lm-`n-em-j-ß-fp-sSbpw kwL-´-\-Øn-\n-hnSw kZmkm£yw hln-t°≠n hcpw.

AtXm-sSm∏w \ap°v \ΩpsS ta¬Xs∂ FX-tØmfw Ah-Im-i-ap-s≠∂ tNmZyhpw Gsd ]k-‡-asX. \mw kuI-cy-Øn\p th≠n]d-bm-dp≠v˛ Fs‚ ssI, Fs‚ Im¬, Fs‚ IÆv, Fs‚ ImXv, Fs‚\m°v, Fs‚ aq°v Fs∂ms°. ]t£, kq£va-amb hni-I-e-\-Øn¬,Ch-sbm∂pw Xs∂ \Ωp-tS-X-s√∂v Gh¿°p-a-dn-bm-at√m. Ch-bpsSta¬ ]c-a-amb DS-am-h-Im-itam \nb-¥-Wtam \ap-°m¿°p-an√. ssI\Ωp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Hcn-°-ep-a-Xn\p thZ\ hcp-am-bn-cp-∂n√.AXv saen™p timjn-°p-Itbm Ah-km\w \n›e \n¿Po-h-am-hp-Itbm sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. \Ωn¬ ]ecpw IÆS sh®n- p≠v. IÆv \Ωp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \ap°v IÆS sht°≠n hcp-am-bn-cp-∂n√.ssIIm-ep-Iƒ \Ωp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv saen™p timjn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√. ImXv \Ωp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ tIƒhn Ipd-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. At∏mƒ \mw \Ωp-tS-sX∂v ]d-bp∂ ico-chpw imco-cn-Im-h-b-h-ßfpw Bbp pw Btcm-Kyhpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw H∂pw Xs∂\Ωp-tS-X√. ]q¿W-ambpw \ΩpsS DS-a-ÿ-X-bntem \nb-¥-W-ØntemA√. BcmtWm \ap-°h \¬In-bXv B ]]-©-Øns‚ ]cm-i-‡n-bmb ]S-®-X-ºp-cm\v amXta Ah-bpsS ta¬ ]c-a-amb DS-am-h-Im-i-ap≈q. Ch-sbm∂pw D≠m-°n-bXv \ma-√t√m! bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a\p-jy≥Cu `qan-bn¬ \n¿amW I¿aw \n¿h-ln-°p-t∂-bn√. kuI-cy-Øn\vth≠n \mw ]d-bm-dp≠v, Bimcn tai D≠m°n F∂v. ]t£, \ap-°-


dn-bm-at√m B tai-bpsS ac-ap-≠m-°p∂Xv Bim-cn-b√; AXv \n¿an-°m-\m-h-iy-amb BWn-bpsS Ccpºp≠m-°p-∂Xv Bim-cn-b√; tai-bp-≠m-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Dfn-bpsS Ccpºpw AXns‚ ]nSn-bpsSachpw D≠m-°p-∂Xpw Bim-cn-b√; Bim-cnsb t]mepw D≠m-°p-∂XvBim-cn-b-s√-¶n¬, Bimcn tai D≠m°n F∂ ]kvXmhw FX-ta¬ A_-≤-am-sW∂v Btem-Nn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. ]]-©-Øn-ep≈ ]Zm¿Y-ß-sf-SpØv cq]w am‰m-\-√msX ]pXp-Xm-sbm∂pw \n¿an-°m≥ B¿°pwkm[y-a√. AXn-\m¬ \n¿am-W-I¿aw \n¿h-ln-°mØ a\p-jy∂v ChnsSH∂ns‚ taepw ]q¿W-amb DS-am-h-Im-itam ]c-a-amb A[n-Im-ctam\nb-¥-Wtam C√. BcmtWm krjvSn-I¿aw \n¿h-ln-®Xv Aht∂DS-a-ÿ-X-bp≈q. AXp-sIm≠v Ah∂v amXta \nb-a-\n¿am-Wm-[n-Im-c-hp-ap≈q. AXn-\m¬ \mw Fßs\ Pohn-°Ww, Fßs\ Pohn-°-cpXv; Fs¥m-s° sNøWw, Fs¥ms° sNø-cpXv F∂p Xocp-am-\n-°m\pw Iev]n-°m\pw hntcm-[n-°m\pw BXy-¥n-Ihpw ]c-a-hp-amb Ah-Imiw \Ωp-sSbpw \mw Pohn-°p∂ ]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw kjvSmhpwkwc-£-I-\p-amb ssZh-Øn\v amXta D≈q. CXmWv Ckvem-ans‚auenI kn≤m-¥w. AXn-\m¬, a\p-jy\v kzbw sXc-s™-Sp-°m≥km[y-Xbpw kzmX-¥yhpw e`n® Pohn-X-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ ssZhw \n›-bn® hyh-ÿ°v hnt[-b-ambn, Ah≥ AhX-cn-∏n-®p-X∂ PohnX hyh-ÿ-°-\p-kr-X-ambn Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv Ckvemw F∂p ]d-bpI.Aßs\ Pohn-°p∂ hy‡n°v apkven-sa∂pw hy‡n-I-fpsS Iq -Øn\vapkvenw-Iƒ F∂pw ]d-bp∂p. AXv GsX-¶nepw PmXn-bp-sStbm tZi-°m-cp-sStbm `mj-°m-cp-sStbm ]tXyI \ma-[m-cn-I-fp-sStbm t]c√.adn®v, Cu ]]-©-Øns‚ ]n∂nse \nba LS\ GsXmcp ssZh-amtWm \n›-bn-®Xv, AtX ssZh-Øns‚ Xs∂ \nba hyh-ÿ°vhnt[-b-ambn Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv Ckvemw F∂p ]d-bpI. Aßs\Pohn-°p-∂-h¿ amX-amWv apkvenw-Iƒ.

ssZhw ]]-©-Øns‚ kjvSm-hmWv; Chn-sS-bp-≈-sX√mw krjvSn-Ifpw. krjvSn-Iƒs°m-cn-°epw kjvSm-hn-s\-t∏m-se-bm-hm≥ km[y-a√. ssZhw ]]-©-Ønse krjvSn-I-tfmSv D]-an-°m-hp∂ H∂√ F∂¿-Yw. Cu ]]©w ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSnamlm-fly-Øns‚ DØ-a -\n-Z¿i-\-amWv. \ap°-dn-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse, \msamcp t¢m°p-≠m°n. As√-¶n¬ GsX-¶nepw Hcp hkvXp \n¿an®p. B hkvXp-hn\v \sΩ-t∏msetIƒ°mt\m ImWmt\m Nn¥n-°mt\m a\- n-em-°mt\m Ign-bp-I-bn√.AtX-k-abw, \mw \n¿an® ]Zm¿Yw \ΩpsS \n¿amW sshZ-Kv[y-Øn-s‚ sXfn-hm-bn-cn°pw. C∆n[w Xs∂, ]]-©-Ønse Hcp hkvXp-hn\pwssZh-sØ-t∏mse ImWmt\m tIƒ°mt\m Adn-bmt\m a\- n-em-°mt\m Dƒs°m-≈mt\m Imcy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°mt\m km[y-a√. Ah-sbm∂pw ssZh-sØt∏mse k¿h-i-‡t\m k¿h-⁄t\m A√. AtX-k-abw Ah-sbm-s°bpw ssZh-Øns‚ \n¿amW sshZ-Kv[y-Øn-s‚bpw

1 3kvt\l-kw-hmZw

krjvSnamlm-fly-Øn-s‚bpw DØa ZrjvSm-¥-amWv. AXn-\m¬, ]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw AXn-ep≈ kI-e-Xn-s‚bpw kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-\p-amb ssZh-Øn\p amXta a\p-jys‚ ta¬ \nb-a-\n¿am-W-Øns‚]c-am-[n-Im-c-ap-≈q-sh∂pw Ahs\ amXw hWßn, hgßn, hnt[-b-ambn Pohn-t°-≠-h-\mWv a\p-jy-s\∂pw aXw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. hnip≤thZ-KŸw ]d-bp∂p: ""a\p-jytc, \nßƒ \nß-sfbpw \nß-fpsSapºp-≈-h-scbpw krjvSn® ssZhsØ amXw Bcm-[n®v, A\p-k-cn®v,ASn-s∏´v Pohn-°pI.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 2: 21)

Imcy-Im-c-W -_-‘-ßƒ°-Xo-X-amb Adnhv ssZh-Øn-\-√msXa‰m¿°p-an√. ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿°p-t]mepw Ah≥ Adn-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-ep-]-cn-bmbn kzbw t\Sm-hp∂ H∂√ Aù-Xn-I-⁄m-\-sa-∂¿Yw.A]-Im-cw-Xs∂ Imcy-Im-c-W -_-‘-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn Aù-XnIam¿tKW D]-Im-ctam D]-Z-htam KpWtam tZmjtam sNøm≥ ssZh-Øn-\-√msX temI-Øm¿°pw km[y-a√. AXn-\m¬ ssZh-tØmS-√msXa‰m-tcmSpw ]m¿Y-\tbm klm-bm¿Y-\tbm AcpXv. t\¿®-h-gn-]m-Sp-Ifpw Bcm-[\m I¿a-ßfpw Ah\p amXta A¿∏n-°mhq. C∆n[wPohn-X-Øns‚ apgp taJ-e-I-fnepw ssZhsØ amXw A\p-k-cn®pwAhs\ amXw Bcm-[n®pw ASn-s∏´pw Pohn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Ckvemwa\p-jy-cm-in-tbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

AXns‚ c≠m-asØ ASn-ÿm\w ac-W-Øn\p tij-ap≈ adp-temI Pohn-X-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-amWv. \ap-t°-h¿°pw Adn-bm-hp-∂-Xp-t]mse, a\p-jy-sc√mw ac-W-Øn-eqsS `qap-J-Øp-\n∂v Xntcm-`-hn-°p∂p. Xß-fpsS I¿a-êw G‰p-hm-ßn-s°m-≠√ Bcpw ac-W-a-S-bp-∂Xv. At\-Im-bncw a\p-jysc sIm∂ sIme-bm-fn-Ifpw sImSpwIqc-∑mcpw Cu temI-Øp-≠m-bn-´p≠v. Ah¿°v A¿l-amb in£\¬Im≥ B¿°pw Ign-™n-ń√. Ign-bp-I-bp-an√. Hcmsf sIm∂m¬]c-am-h[n \ap-°-bmsf ]Icw sIm√m≥ km[n-t®°mw. ]t£,Aßs\ \mw sIm√p-∂Xv sIm≠p-amXw \oXn \S-∏m-°-s∏Spw F∂v]d-bpI km[y-a√. Rm≥ sIm√-s∏-´m¬ AXns‚ ]bmkw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv Fs‚ kl-[¿an-Wnbpw a°-fp-amWv. Fs∂ sIm∂ sIme-bm-fn°v, h[-in£ hn[n-°p-∂-Xp- sIm-≠p-amXw Ah-c-\p-`-hn-°p∂]bm-k-ßƒ eLq-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn√. BcmtWm sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ah-cn-eqsS IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿°v LmX-I≥ h[n-°-s∏-SpI F∂Xv ]cn-lm-c-ambn amdp-∂n√. F∂n´pw \oXn-\ymb tImS-Xn-Ifpw \nb-a-\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw th≠n-h-cp-∂Xv `qan-bn¬ kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°m≥ AX\n-hm-cy-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv.

\oXn \S-∏m-°-s∏-S-W-sa-∂m-K-ln-°mØ Bcp-an√. Hm¿a-bn¬ \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ Hcp kw`-h-an-hnsS D≤-cn°mw: tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bnseHcp t]meokv tÃj-\n¬sh®v tkma≥ F∂p t]cp≈ k_v C≥kvs]-IvS¿ sIm√-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. At±-lsØ h[n-®Xv AtX tÃj-\nse


kl-]-h¿Ø-I-cmb t]meo-kp-Im-cmWv F∂v P\w [cn®p. tIkvtImS-Xn-bn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ, IogvtIm-S-Xn-bn¬sh®v Ah¿ in£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]t£, sslt°m-S-Xn-bn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ, F´psIm√-Øn\p tijw Ah¿ Ip‰-°m-c√ F∂v hn[n-bp-≠mbn. Aßs\\o≠ \nc-h[n h¿j-ßƒ°p tijw Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns‚ LmX-I-sc∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ hn´-b-°-s∏´p F∂p tI´-t∏mƒ tkmas‚`mcy s]mń-°-c-bp∂ NnXw ae-bm-f-Ønse F√m ]apJ ]X-ß-fnepw hcn-I-bp-≠mbn. \oXn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ a\p-jys‚ A¥¿Zm-l-sØ-bm-WnXv A\m-h-cWw sNøp-∂Xv. Npcp-°Øn¬, GsXm-cmfpw\oXn \S-°-W-sa∂p sImXn-°p∂p. AtX kabw, Hcn-°epw Chn-sS \njvIr-jvS-amb \oXn \S-∏m-°pI km[y-a√. ]Øpw \qdpw Bbn-chpw ]Xn-\m-bn-chpw e£hpw tImSnbpw Bfp-Isf sIm∂-hscB¿°mWv ChnsS in£n-°m≥ Ign-bpI? AXp-t]mseØs∂ \∑sNbvX-h¿°v A¿l-amb c£bpw ChnsS e`n-°m-dn√. CXv c≠pwIn´-W-sa∂v sImXn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-s°-Øs∂ AXp \S-°msX, a\p-jy-Po-hnXw ChnsS HSp-ßp-I-bmWv. FX AZv p-X-I-c-amb Hcp krjvSnkwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ ]cy-h-km-\-am-WnXv F∂p-IqSn \mw Hm¿t°-≠-Xp≠v.

a\p-jys‚ LS\ Hcp \nanjw \nß-sfm∂v Btem-Nn®p t\m°q!\mw Pohn-°p∂ temIØv 600 tImSn-bn-tesd a\p-jy-cp≠v. Htc hmbpizkn-°p-Ibpw sh≈w IpSn°pIbpw Htc `qan°p apI-fn¬ kqcy\pIosg Ign-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Cu 600 tImSn a\p-jy-cn¬ Hcmƒ°pwas‰m-cm-sf-t∏m-se-bp≈ apJ-an√. c≠v ssIsIm≠v s]mØn-bm-sem-Xp-ßp∂ sIm®p ÿe-am-Wt√m a\p-jys‚ apJw. F∂m¬ \sΩ-t∏mse a‰m-sc-¶n-ep-apt≠m? temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬\n∂ve£-°-W-°n\v Bfp-Iƒ l÷v thf-bn¬ HØp-Iq-Sp∂p. \ΩpsS \m´p-Imsc AhnsS I≠m¬ \mw \njv]-bmkw Ahsc Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p.i_cnae-bn¬ cmPy-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ e£-ßƒHØpIqSn-bm¬ \mw \ΩpsS \m´p-Im-cs\ ]bm-k-an-√msX a\- n-em-°p∂p. ImcWw, Ah-sc-t∏mse, \sΩ-t∏mse ChnsS thsd Bcp-an√. Hcp \nanjw \nßƒ \nß-fpsS ssIhn-c-ep-I-fn-te-s°m∂v kq£n-®p-t\m°q! \nß-fpsS X≈-hn-c¬! FX sNdp-XmWm ]tZiw! ka¿Y-\mb Hcp NnX-Im-c\v AX sNdnb ÿeØv Hcp hkvXp-hns‚ FXcq]w D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v Hcp \nanjw Btem-Nn®p t\m°q!F∂m¬ temIØv 600 tImSn-bn-tesd a\p-jy-cp≠v. F∂n´pw Cu 600tImSn a\p-jy-cn¬ Hcmƒ°pw as‰m-cm-fp-tS-Xp-t]m-semcp ssIhn-c-en√.F∂√ acn-®p-t]mb tImSm-\p-tImSn a\p-jy-cntem, P\n-°m-\n-cn-°p∂tImSm-\p-tIm-Sn-bntem B¿°pw \Ωp-tS-Xp-t]m-semcp ssIhn-c¬ C√;D≠m-hp-I-bp-an√. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m, ]am-W-ß-fn¬ sXfn-hn-\mbn,\ΩpsS ssIhn-c-e-S-bm-f-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øs∏Sp-∂Xv. 14 \q‰m-≠p-apºv

1 5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]]© \mY≥ ]d™p: ""a\p-jys‚ hnc¬s°mSn hsc IrXy-ambn\n¿an-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-h-\t√m \mw.''(Jp¿-B≥ 75: 4)

ssIhn-c-ep-I-fpsS Cu khn-ti-jX imkvXo-b-ambn a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºp-Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥ AXn-te°pshfn®w hoin-bn-´p-s≠-∂¿Yw. \ΩpsS Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw ico-c-Øn\v Hmtcm K‘-ap≠v. Fs‚ ico-c-Øns‚ K‘w t]mse, \nß-fpsS Bcp-sSbpw ico-c-Øn\v K‘-an√. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m, Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf ]nSn-Iq-Sp-hm≥ ]cn-io-e\w kn≤n® t]meokv \mbv°ƒa\pjy ico-c-Øns‚ hmk-\sb D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. FX-amXwimkvXo-bhpw Bkq-Xn-X-hp-am-bmWv krjvSn-I¿aw \S-∂-sX∂vCsXm-s°bpw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p∂p. CX-tbsd hnZ-Kv[-ambn kwhn-[m-\n-°-s∏´ a\p-jys‚ A¥yw A¿Y-iq-\yhpw A\o-Xn-]-c-hp-am-bn-Øo-cpI Xotc kw`-hy-a√. AXn-\m¬, \oXn-]q¿h-ambHcp ]cy-h-km\w D≠m-tI-≠-Xp≠v.

a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚ I¿a- ew A\p- -hn-°p-I-Xs∂ thWw. AXmWv\oXn-bpsS tX´w. AtX-k-abw, `qan-bn¬ sh®Xv km[y-a√. AXn-\m¬, aXw \tΩmSv ]d-bp∂p: acWw F√m-‰n-s‚bpw A¥y-a√; adn®v,AsXmcp am‰w amX-asX. PohnXw Ahn-cmaw XpS-cp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw.ac-W-tijw adp-tem-IØv h®mWv a\p-jy∂v Ahs‚ I¿a- ew A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cnI. Hmtcm a\p-jy∂pw Ah≥ ]h¿Øn-®-Xns‚ ê-amWv D≠m-hpI. ""Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw Ah≥ kºm-Zn-®Xn\p _m[y-ÿ-\mWv''(Jp¿-B≥ 74: 38). ""Bsc-¶nepw AWp-A-fhv \∑ sNbvXm¬AXns‚ ê-a-h\p e`n°pw; Bsc-¶nepw AWp-A-fhv Xn∑ sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXns‚ êhpw'' (Jp. 99:11). AXn-\m¬ ssZhw \n›-bn® ]mX-bn-eqsS k©-cn-®m¬ ]Xn-^-e-ambn ssZhw hmKvZm\wsNbvX kz¿Kw e`n°pw. Ah≥ hne-°nb hgn-bn-eqsS k©-cn-®mtem,Ah≥ Xm°oXp sNbvX in£ G‰p-hm-tß-≠nbpw hcpw.

\nßƒ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw H∂p sXm´m¬ B sXmt´-SØv \nß-fpsS ssIhn-c-e-S-bm-f-ßƒ ]Xn-bp∂p. GsX-¶nepw hgn-bn-eqsS k©-cn-®m¬, AXns‚ sXfn-hmbn \nß-fpsS ico-c-Øns‚ K‘w A¥-co-£-Øn¬ hym]-cn-°p∂p. A]-ImcwXs∂ \nß-fpsS hm°p-IƒChnsS \in-°msX \ne-\n¬°p∂p. AXm-bXv, a\p-jys‚ I¿a-ß-sfm-s°bpw hfsc IWn-i-ambpw kq£va-am-bp-an-hnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. F√mw Ah\v A\p-Iq-e-amtbm ]Xn-Iq-e-amtbm ac-W-tijw ]c-tem-IØv km£yw hln-°p∂p. tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-SmsX, a\p-jys‚ Hcp hm°p-an-hnsS D≠m-Ip-∂n-s√∂v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn ]Jym-]n-®n-´p≠v. AXn-\m¬ ac-W-tijw a\p-jy≥ Xs‚I¿a-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn kz¿Ktam \c-Itam G‰p-hm-tß-≠n-hcpw.

A√mlp, kz¿Kw, \cIw, amem-J-am¿, ]nim-Np-°ƒ t]mep≈Aù-XnI Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Fß-s\-bmWv a\p-jy∂v a\- n-em-°m≥


km[n-°pI? \ap -°-dnbmw: ùXnI hn⁄m-\-Ønse HmtcmimJbv°pw ]tXyIw ]tXyIw am\-Z-fi-ap≠v. c≠pw c≠pwtN¿∂m¬ \mem-Ip-sa∂pw \mens\ \mep-sIm≠v KpWn-®m¬ ]Xn-\mdv Bbn-cn-°p-sa∂pap≈ am\-Z-fi-ap-]-tbm-Kn-°msX B¿°pw Acn-Ø-sa-‰nIvkv ]Tn-°pI km[y-a√. Hcp hrØ-Øn\v 360 UnKn BWv.XntIm-W-Øn\v 180 UnKnbpw. Cu XØzw AwKo-I-cn -°msXB¿°pw Pyman-Xob imkvXw ]Tn-°m\mhn√. Pyman-Xo-b-Øns‚am\-Zfiw D]-tbm-Kn®v `qK¿`-imkvXw ]Tn-°m-\m-hn√. `qK¿`-im-kvX-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v ico-c-im-kvXtam ico-c-im-kvX-Øns‚ am\-Z-fi-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v tKmfimkvXtam ]Tn-°pI km[y-a√. ùXnI imkvX-Ønse hyXykvX imJ-Iƒ°v hyXykvX am\-Z-fi-ßƒ A\n-hm-cy-am-sW-∂¿Yw.

F∂m¬ ssZhw, kz¿Kw, \cIw, ]c-temIw, amem-J-am¿, ]nim-Np-°ƒ t]mep≈ Aù-Xn-I-amb Adnhv B¿Pn-°m≥ a\p-jys‚ hiwh√ am[y-ahp-apt≠m? \man-hnsS HØp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂Xv HcphkvXp-X-bmWv. ]t£, CXv Hcp imkvX-⁄\v, Xs‚ ]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬, sSÃvSyq-_n¬ sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Imcy-a√. ImcWw, CuAdnhv t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ am\-Zfiw AX√. C∆n-[w-Xs∂ Aù-Xn-I-amb Adnhv B¿Pn-°m≥ a\p-jys‚ hiw Hscm‰ am\-Z-fi-ta-bp≈q.AXv km[m-cW a\p-jy-cn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-cmb, khn-ti-j-cmb, sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ ssZh-Zq-X-cn-eqsS e`y-amb ssZhnI hn⁄m-\-amWv.AYhm, Znhy-t_m-[-\-amWv Aù-XnI ⁄m\-Øns‚ GI am[yaw.Adn-hns‚ Bdmw tkmX- m-WXv. Hcp Imcyw-IqSn \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp≠v. P∑\m A‘-\mb a\p-jy-t\mSv \mw Ce-bpsS \ndw ]®-bmWv, ]mens‚ \ndw shfp-∏mWv, Im°-bpsS \ndw Idp-∏mWv F∂p]d-™m¬, A-bmƒ°Xv a\- n-em-I-W-sa-¶n¬, ]d-bp∂ Bsf hniz-kn-°p-I-b-√msX \n¿hm-l-an√. adn®v, h¿W-sØ-°p-dn®v kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h-sc-sbms° A‘-\mb Cu a\p-jy≥ Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ Hcp henb temIw-Xs∂ Abmƒ°v A\y-am-bn-cn°pw. A∆n[w Xs∂-bmWv, a\p-jy-cn¬\n∂v sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´,Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcn-°epw Ifhv ]d-™n-ń-√mØ, Bscbpw tZmln-®n-ń-√mØ; kz`mhw, s]cp-am‰w, kao-]\w, Pohn-X-coXn t]mep-≈-h-bm¬khn-ti-j-cmb ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-eqsS e`y-amb Znhy-k-tµ-isØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-cp-sSbpw Ahÿ. kXy-k-‘X Bcmepw tNmZyw sNø-s∏-ń-ń-√mØ Cu ]hm-N-I-∑msc AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-h¿°v Aù-XnI⁄m\-Øns‚ hnim-e-amb temIw F∂pw A\y-am-bn-cn°pw. Aù-Xn-I-⁄m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Adnhp \¬In-b ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿ temI-ØnseF√m ]tZ-i-ß-fnepw, F√m Ime-L-´-ß-fnepw \ntbm-Kn-X-cm-bn-´p≠v.Hcp e£-Øn-tesd ]hm-N-I-∑m¿, temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬,Ncn-X-Øns‚ hnhn[ Zim-k-‘n-I-fn-embn am\h kaq-l-Øns‚ am¿K-

1 7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Z¿i-\-Øn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-X-cm-bn-´p≠v F∂v Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p.B ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-scm-s°bpw a\pjy kaq-l-tØmSv ]d-™Xv Htc Imcy-am-bn-cp∂p: ""\nßƒ Cu ]]-©-Øns‚ ]n∂nse ]cm-i-‡n-bmb]S®Xºp-cm\v amXw hWßn, hgßn, hnt[-b-ambn Ahs\ amXwBcm-[n®v, A\p-k-cn®v, ASn-s∏´v Pohn-°pI. Ahs‚ A[n-Imc hi-ß-fn¬ A\¿l-ambn IS-∂p-I-b-dm≥ BK-ln-°p∂ F√m [n°m-cn-I-sfbpw AXn-I-a-Im-cn-I-sfbpw \ncm-I-cn-°pI''.

C¥y-bn¬, B^n-°-bn¬, Ata-cn-°-bn¬, Ad_p \mSp-I-fn¬temI-saßpw CØcw ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿ \ntbm-Kn-X-cm-bn-´p≠v. B ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cnse Ah-km-\sØ IÆn-bmWv A¥y-]-hm-N-I-\mb apl-ΩZv\_n Xncp-ta\n. At±lw ]Xn-\mep \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°-∏pdw Atd-_y≥acp- q-an-bn¬ ssZhnI k∑m¿K-hp-ambn \ntbm-Kn-X-\mbn. "kXy-k-‘≥'F∂ A]-c-\m-a-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p At±lw Adn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂Xv. \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Dƒs∏sS temIØv \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb, F√m ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-scbpwAwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw F√m-h-cnepw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw thW-sa-∂mWvCkvemw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Ckvem-ans‚ aq∂m-asØ auenI hnizm-kw CXsX.

AtXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ Ckvemw aq∂p _‘-ßƒ F∆n-[-am-h-W-sa∂v\n›-bn-°p∂p: a\p-jy\pw ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w, a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, a\p-jy\pw ]]-©hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w.a\p-jy\pw ssZh-hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w i‡n ]m]n®v kpZr-V-am-Im-\pw, a\p-jym-flmhv D¬°¿j-am¿Pn®v Znhy-km-ao]yw t\Sm\p-am-bnCkvemw \n›-bn® am¿K-amWv Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßƒ. as‰mcp mj-bn¬]d-™m¬, ssZhw a\p-jy\v Hcp ]mSv A\p-K-l-ßƒ \¬In. hnh-cn-°m-\m-hmØ kuI-cy-ßƒ ]Zm\w sNbvXp. Cu F√m A\p-K-l-ßƒ°p-ap≈ \µn-]-I-S-\-amWv Bcm-[\m I¿a-ßƒ. Ckvemw AXn-]-[m-\-amb \mep Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßƒ \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Ah-bn¬ H∂m-a-tØXv \a-kvIm-c-amWv. AXv a\p-jys\ ssZh-hp-ambnASp-∏n-°m-\p≈ D]m-[n-bmWv. a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ kjvSm-hp-ambn \S-Øp∂ kzImcy `mj-W-amWv \a-kvImcw. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ ssZh-k-∂n-[m-\-Ø-nte-°p≈ a\p-jym-flm-hns‚ Xo¿Y-bm-Xbpw.

hnizm-kn-Iƒ \a-kvI-cn-°p-tºmƒ˛ \nßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw AXv I≠n-´p-≠m-bn-cn°pw˛ AWn-b-Wn-bmbn \n¬°p∂p. AXn\p apºmbn AwK-ip≤n hcp-Øp∂p. AXn-eqsS ico-c-Øns‚ AKmw-i-ßƒ hrØn-bm-°pI amX-a√ hnizmkn sNøp-∂Xv. adn®v, Xm≥ hrØn-bp-≈-h-\m-sW∂v kzbw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kz¥sØ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwIqSn-bmWv. Aßs\ hrØn-bp-≈-h-cm-bmWv apkvenw-Iƒ \a-kvIm-c-Øn-te°v ]th-in-°p-∂Xv. At∏m-g-h¿ \n¬°p-∂Xv bYm¿Y-Øn¬Xd-bn-e√; Xmcm-]-Z-ßƒ°-∏pdw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-emWv. B t_m[wHmtcm hnizm-knbpw kzbw Dƒs°m-t≈-≠-Xp≠v. \a-kvIm-c-th-f-bn¬


Hmtcm `‡\pw Ahs‚ hoSn-t\mSv, \mSn-t\mSv, I®-h-S-tØmSv, Irjn-tbmSv, DtZym-K-tØmSv, IpSpw-_-tØmSv, Iq´p-Im-tcmSv, Aßs\ F√m-‰n-t\mSpw hnS-]-d-™p-sIm-≠mWv ssZh-Øns‚ k∂n-[m-\-Øn-te°vXo¿Y-bmX \S-Øp-Ibpw ssZh-hp-ambn kzIm-cy-`m-jWw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv. Cßs\ a\p-jy≥ Bflo-b-ambn Hu∂-XyhpwD¬°¿jbpw t\Sp-Ibpw ssZthm-∑p-J-\m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.AtXm-sSm∏w \a-kvImcw a\p-jy-cn¬ c≠v al-ZvKp-W-ßƒ IqSnhf¿Øn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xp≠v. AXn-sem∂v kmaq-lnI Ah-t_m-[-amWv.Hcp a\p-jy≥ acp- q-an-bn¬ X\n-®m-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw \a-kvIm-c-th-f-bn¬Abmƒ ]d-tb-≠Xv, "Rßƒ \n\°p amXw hWßn Pohn-°p∂p'F∂mWv. ssZhta, Rm≥ \n\°p amXw hWßn Pohn-°p∂p F∂p]d-™m¬ Abm-fpsS \a-kvImcw kzoIm-cy-am-hp-I-bn√. "Rßƒ'F∂p-Xs∂ ]d-tb-≠-Xp≠v. BcmWv Cu "Rßƒ?' temI-sa-ßp-ap≈k®-cn-X-cmb apgp-h≥ ssZh-Zm-k-∑m-scbpw B hm°v Dƒs°m-≈p∂p.\a-kvImcw apt∂m´p t]mIp-tºmƒ, Hcn-SØv hnizmkn ]m¿Yn-°p∂p:""k®-cn-X-cmb apgp-h≥ ssZh-Zm-k-∑m¿°pw \o c£bpw A\p-K-lhpw\¬tI-Wta'' F∂v. Hmtcm Znh-khpw A©p-t\cw, Hmtcm apkvenapwC∆n[w ]m¿Yn-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-amWv. F¥m-Wn-Xns‚ A¿Yw? a\p-jym-cw`w apX¬ temIm-h-km\w hsc-bp≈ F√m ]tZ-i-sØbpw apgp-h≥ Xe-ap-d-I-fn-sebpw k®-cn-X-cmb kakvX ssZh-Zm-k-∑m¿°pth≠nbp≈ ]m¿Y\bm-WnXv. Ime˛tZi˛h¿K˛h¿Wt`Z-ßƒ°-Xo-X-\mb hniz ]uc-\m°n hnizm-knsb hm¿Øv hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p∂hnip≤ I¿a-amWv \a-kvIm-c-sa-∂¿Yw. AXv hnizm-knsb hy‡nhrØ-Øns‚ k¶p-Nn-X-X-e-Øn¬\n∂v kmaq-ln-I-X-bpsS AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØkmam-Py-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂p.

AtXm-sSm∏w apkvenw-Iƒ \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ Htc t\Xm-hns‚ Iogn¬Htc Zni-bn-te°v Xncn™v AWn-b-Wn-bm-bmWv \n¬°pI. AX-h-cn¬ kaXz hnImcw hf¿Øp∂p. BZy-ambn ]≈n-bn¬ FØp-∂Xvin]mbn BsW∂v k¶¬]n-°pI, ]n∂o-sS-Øp-∂Xv Ie-IvSdpw. F¶n¬Ie-IvS¿ Xe- sh-t°-≠Xv in]m-bn-bpsS Imens‚ ASp-ØmWv. BZywFØn-bXv ]yq¨; ]n∂oSv a¥nbpw. F¶n¬ a¥n-bpsS Xe sht°-≠Xv ]yqWns‚ Imen-s‚-b-Sp-ØmWv. ""Cbmƒ Fs‚ Hmô-knsein]mbn BWv. Fs‚ Xe Abm-fpsS Imens‚ ASpØv sh°p-I-bn√'' F∂v Bsc-¶nepw Xocp-am-\n-®m¬ Abmƒ°v \a-kvIm-c-an√.cmPm-hm-Is´, NI-h¿Øn-bm-Is´, ]am-Wn-bm-Is´, Bcm-bmepw icn,BZyw FØp-∂-h-cpsS Imens‚ ASpØv Ah-cpsS Xe sh°pI Xs∂thWw. CXv hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p∂ kaXz hnIm-chpw hn\-bhpw Ak-Zr-i-asX.

A∆n[w Xs∂-bmWv Ckvem-ans‚ c≠m-asØ Bcm-[\m I¿a-amb t\mºv. apkvenw-Iƒ \o≠ Hcp amk-°mew, ]`mXw apX¬

1 9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]tZmjw hsc A∂-]m-\o-b-ß-fp-t]-£n®v hX-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂p. CXvssZh-Øn-\p≈ Bcm-[-\-bmWv. Bfl-\n-b-¥-W-Øn-eqsS in£-WhpwkwkvIr-Xnbpw hf¿Øp∂ D]m-k-\-bm-Wv.

Xn∂-W-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂-sX√mw Xn∂p-Ibpw IpSn-°-W-sa∂vsImXn-°p-∂-sXms° IpSn-°p-Ibpw ImWW-sa-∂m-K-ln-°p-∂-sX√mw t\m°p-Ibpw ]d-b-W-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂-sXms° hnfn®p ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Xmt¥m-∂n-Iƒ arK-k-am-\-cm-Wt√m. AYhm, P∑hmk-\-I-fpsS \n¿hn-Lv\-amb \n¿h-lWw P¥p-]-c-amWv; AXns‚\nb-¥Ww am\p-jn-Ihpw. taml-ßsf sacp-°n-sb-Sp-°m\pw CO-Isf \nb-¥n-°m\pw hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-ß-fpsS ta¬ ta[m-hnXzw]pe¿Øm-\p-ap≈ i‡-amb ]cn-io-e-\-am-Wt√m hXm-\p-jvTm\w.hni∏pw Zmlhpw kln-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS kwb-a\w ioen-∏n-°p∂ CuBcm-[-\m-I¿aw `‡n hf¿Øm-\p-≈ i‡-amb D]m-[n-Iq-Sn-bmWv.AtXm-sSm∏w hXm-\p-jvTm\w kmaq-lnI hnImcw hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬A\¬]-amb ]¶p-h-ln-°p∂p. t\mº-\p-jvTn-°p∂ hnizmkn D]hm-k thf-bn¬, Btcm-sS-¶nepw tami-ambn s]cp-am-dp-Itbm kwkm-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ Abm-fpsS t\mºv ]mgvth-e-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p∂p. ]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: ""Bsc-¶nepw hymP-hm-°p-Ifpw hymPhrØn-Ifpw Dt]-£n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Abmƒ Blm-c-]m-\o-b-ßƒDt]-£n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Hcp ]tbm-P-\-hp-an√.''

kl-Po-hn-I-tfm-Sp≈ _‘w tami-am-bm¬ ssZh-Øn-\p≈ Bcm-[-\m-I¿aw t]mepw hy¿Y-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa-∂¿Yw. AtXm-sSm∏w hXm-\p-jvTm\w hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p∂ kaXz hnIm-chpw it≤-b-asX. temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ apgp-h≥ hnizm-kn-Ifpw \n›n-X-k-a-bØv A∂-]m-\o-b-ßƒDt]-£n®v hni∏pw Zmlhpw A\p-`-hn-°p∂p. kº-∂¿°pw Zcn-Z¿°p-an-S-bn¬ Hcphn[ hnth-N-\-hp-an√.

kIm-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw CXp-Xs∂. hXm-\p-jvTm\w icocw Xt‚-X-s√∂pw ssZh-Øn-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-´Xpw Ahs‚ \n¿tZ-im-\p-k-cWwhn\n-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xpam-sW∂pw ]Jym-]n-°p-∂-t]m-se-Øs∂, kº-Øv Xt‚-X-s√∂pw ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-sW∂pw Ah≥ B⁄m-]n°pwhn[w hn\n-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-≈-Xm-sW-∂p-ap≈ kXyw k¿hm-fl\m kΩ-Xn®v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-amWv kImØv. hnizm-kn-IƒXß-fpsS kº-Øns‚ \n›n-X-amb Awiw \n¿_-‘-ambpw Zm\wsNtø-≠-Xp≠v. CXv ssZh-Øn-\p≈ Bcm-[-\-bmWv. tijvT-ambHcp]m-k\. F∂m¬ BcmWv CXns‚ KpW-t`m-‡m-°ƒ? Hcn-°epw]Ww sIń-∏qń ssZh-Øns‚ ASp-°-te°v ]m¿k¬ Ab-°pI km[y-a√. adn®v `qan-bnse IjvS-s∏-Sp∂, Zcn-Z-cmb, ]mh-ß-fmb, Ai-c-W-cmb, AK-Xn-I-fmb, ISw-sIm≠v he™ a\p-jy¿°mWv B [\w\¬tI-≠Xv. ssZh-Øn-\p≈ Cu Bcm-[-\-bpsS KpW-t`m-‡m-°ƒkaq-l-Øns‚ Xmtg Xń-ep≈ a\p-jy-cmWv F∂¿Yw.


Ckvem-anse as‰mcp Bcm-[\m I¿aw l÷v BWv. ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v cq] sNe-h-gn-®p -amXw \n¿h-ln-°m-hp∂ tijvT-amb D]m-k-\-bm-WXv. ]t£, B Bcm-[\ kzoIm-cy-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ l÷v thf-bn¬ Hcn-°epw Xs‚ kl-Po-hn-bp-ambn iWvT IqSpI t]mep-a-cpXv.F∂√; hnhm-Z-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm≥ t]mepw ]mSn√. ""\n¿WnX amk-ß-fn¬ l÷v sNøm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-h¿ l÷p-th-f-bn¬ kvXokw-k¿Khpw ]m]-hr-Øn-Ifpw hmZ-hn-hm-Z-ßfpw h¿Pn-t°-≠-XmWv.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 2: 197).

a\p-jy-cp-am-bp≈ _‘w \∂m-°mØ `‡s‚ Bcm-[-\-I-sfm-s°bpw ]mgvth-e-I-fmWv F∂mWv Ckveman-hnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.AtXm-sSm∏w l÷v hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ hf¿Øp∂ ka-Xz-hn-Imcw hnkva-b-P-\y-asX.

temI-Øns‚ hyXykvX `mK-ß-fn¬\n∂pw FØn-t®-cp∂ `n∂`mj-°mcpw n∂ ]Ir-X-°m-cp-amb Bfp-Iƒ AhnsS F√m thjhpwAgn-®p-am‰n Htc thjaWn-bp∂p; Htc `mj kzoI-cn-°p∂p; Htca¥hpw Htc apZm-hm-Iyhpw Dcp-hn-Sp∂p. F√m-h-cp-sSbpw e£yw H∂v;`mj H∂v; a¥w H∂v; apZm-hm-Iy-sam∂v; A\p-jvTm-\-sam∂v; Bcm-[-\-sbm∂v. h¿K˛h¿W˛tZi˛`mjmt`Z-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn a\p-jy-cm-in-bn-hnsS Htc-I-I-ambn amdp-I-bmWv. ka-Xz-Øns‚ FX a[pc at\m-⁄-amb \nZ¿i-\-amWv ls÷∂v Btem-Nn-®p-t\m°q! AtXm-sSm∏wl÷v aq∂v al¬ hy‡n-I-fpsS Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fp-am-bmWv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv. C_vdmlow ]hm-N-I≥, At±-l--Øns‚ ]pX-\mb Ckvam-Cu¬ \_n, kl-[¿anWn lmP-dm-_ohn.thW-sa-¶n¬ \ap°v ]dbmw C_vdmlow \_n D∂X Ipe-Pm-X-\m-bn-cp∂p; Ataep h¿K-Ønse AwKw. F∂m¬ lmP-dtbm! ka-Im-eo\kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Ønse F°m-e-sØbpw uXnI am\-Z-fi-a-\p-k-cn®v, \mev t]mcm-bva-I-fpsS ]Xo-I-am-bn-cp∂p lmPd. H∂m-a-Xmbn Ah¿ ASn-a-bm-bn-cp∂p. \nßƒ°-dn-bm-at√m ASn-a-Iƒ F∂pwFhn-sSbpw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cmWv. Nncn-°m\pw Ic-bm\pw kzmX-¥y-an-√m-Ø-h¿. kz¥-amb Xocp-am-\tam AkvXn-Xztam C√m-Ø-h¿.bP-am-\s‚ hnc-e-\-°-ßƒ°pw A[-c-N-e-\-ßƒ°p-a-\p-k-cn®v Ncn-°m≥ hn[n-°-s∏-´-h¿. F°m-ehpw Xpey-X-bn-√mØ ]oU-\-ß-tf-‰p-hm-tß-≠n-h∂ ]kvXpX h¿K-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿.

c≠m-a-Xmbn, lmPd Idp-Ø-h-fm-bn-cp∂p. B[p-\nI \mK-cnI ]cn-jvIrX kaq-l-ßƒ t]mepw Idp-Ø-hsc Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw AI‰n\n¿Øp-I-bp-am-Wt√m sNøp-∂-Xv. C∆n[w Gh-cmepw Xg-b-s∏-Sp∂hn`m-K-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n[n Bbn-cp∂p lmP-d. aq∂m-a-Xm-bn, lmPd HcphntZin Bbn-cp-∂p. hntZin F∂ aq∂-£cw t]dp∂ ]Xn-k-‘n-I-sf-°p-dn®v, hniz-amsI Hcp Kma-ambn amdnb ka-Im-enI kaq-l-Øn¬t]mepw Bscbpw ]d-™-dn-bn-t°-≠-Xn-√. \mem-a-Xm-bn, lmPd s]Æm-bn-cp-∂p. s]Æv Ft∏mgpw F-hn-sSbpw ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-fmWv. km[m-

2 1kvt\l-kw-hmZw

cW kaq-l-Øns‚ ùXnI am\-Z-WvU-a-\p-k-cn®v Cu \mev t]mcm-bva-I-fp-sS- ]-Xo-I-amb lmPd F∂ s]Æv, c≠v ]¿h-X-ß-fn¬ Ib-dn-\n∂p; ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°m≥ th≠n-b√, D]m-k\ \n¿h-ln-°m-\p-a√, AtX-t]m-se-Øs∂ A¿®-\-Ifpw ]m¿Y-\-Ifpw Io¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-Øm-\p-a√, ]ns∂tbm! Zmln®p he™ Ip™n\v sh≈w-tX-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ c≠v ae-I-fn¬ Ib-dn-\n-∂Xv. B c≠p ae-Ifpw lmP-d-sb-∂, Idp-Ø-h-fmb hntZ-in-bmb ASn-a-s∏-Æns‚ ]mZ-kv]¿iw ]Xn-™-Xn-\m¬, ssZh Nn”-ß-fmbn amdn.

""Xo¿®-bmbpw k^bpw a¿hbpw ssZh-Nn-”-ß-fmWv'' (Jp¿-B≥2: 158). lmP-d-bpsS ]mZ-kv]¿i-ta-‰-Xn-\m¬ B ae-Iƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eq-sS, kl-km-_vZ-ß-fn-eqsS hcp∂ ]pcp-jm-¥-c-ßƒ l÷v thf-bn¬ Ibdn \n¬t°≠ CS-ß-fm-bn; A√m-lp-hns‚ AS-bm-f-ß-fmbnamdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v lmP-dm-_o-hn-sb∂ kvXo \S∂ hgn-bn-eqsS,Ah¿ \S-∂-t]mse l÷v thf-bn¬ Hmtcm hnizm-knbpw \S-∂p-\o-tß-≠-Xp≠v. l÷v \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-bmƒ ]`p-hm-Is´, ]am-Wn-bm-Is´,cmPm-hm-Is´, NI-h¿Øn-bm-Is´ Bcm-bmepw \mem-bncw h¿jw apºvIdp-Ø-h-fmb Hc-Sn-a-s∏Æv Ib-dn-\n-∂n-SØv Ibdn \n¬°p-Ibpw Ah¿\S∂ hgn-bn-eqsS, Ah¿ \S-∂-Xp-t]mse \S-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒAX-h-cn¬ hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw ka-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw hnIm-c-ßƒ hf¿Øm-Xn-cn-°n√. Cßs\ Bcm-[\m I¿a-ßƒ kmaq-lnI-amb Ah-t_m[whf¿Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w ka-Xz-t_m[w kPo-h-am-°p-∂p. kjvSm-hmbssZh-hp-ambn a\p-jys\ ASp-∏n-°p∂p. aÆn¬ Imeq-∂nb a\p-jys\aÆn-s‚bpw hnÆn-s‚bpw \mY-\p-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂p. ssZh-Øns‚k∂n-[m-\-Øn-te°v Bflm-hn\v Xo¿Y-bmX \S-Øm-\p≈ Akp-e-`-amb Ah-k-cßƒ Hcp-°p∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w Ah a\p-jys\ hf-sc-tbsd hn\o-X-\m-°p∂p. \a-kvImcw F∂ AXn-ti-jvT-amb Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-Øn¬ a\p-jy≥ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ D®-cn-°p∂ ]Zw "A√mlpAIv_¿' F∂m-Wt√m. AXns‚ A¿Yw Adn-bm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ]ecpwAtX-°p-dn®v XnI™ sX‰n-≤m-c-W-bn-emWv. A√m-lp-hmWv G‰hpwhen-b-h≥ F∂mWv AXns‚ A¿Yw. AYhm, Rm≥ sNdn-b-h-\mWv.\n m-c-\mWv. Fs‚ Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw BK-lm- n-em-j-ßfpw ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw Ahs‚ imk-\-I-fp-sSbpw apºn¬ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-h-bmWv. ]]-©hpw AXnse kakvX hkvXp-°-fpw sNdpXpw \n m-c-hp-am-sW∂pw hen-b-h\pw alm\pw ssZhw amX-am-sW∂pw Rm\nXmFs∂ Ah-\p-ambn _‘n-∏n°p-∂p-sh∂pw Znt\\ A©p-X-hWBh¿Øn-®m-h¿Øn®v ]Jym-]n-°p-I-bm-Wt√m hnizmkn sNøp-∂Xv.

temI-Ønse F√m Ipg-∏-ßƒ°pw ASn-ÿm\ImcWw Al-¶m-c-am-Wt√m. Rm\mWv hen-b-h≥, Imcyw Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠Xv Rm\mWv -Cu Nn¥-bmWv BZn-]m]w sXm´v kIe Ip‰-ß-fp-sSbpw Ipg-∏-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm\ Imc-W-sa-∂Xv kphn-Zn-X-asX. hnizmkn Hcp Znhkw\s∂-®p-cp-ßn-bXv 94 ]mh-iy-sa-¶nepw A√mlp AIv_¿ F∂v \a-


kvIm-c-th-f-bn¬ ]d-tb-≠-Xp≠v. Aßs\ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS Ah≥Gsd hn\o-X-\mbn amdp∂p. AYhm Aßs\ amtd-≠-Xp≠v.

Hcp Imcyw-IqSn ChnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. a\p-jy-\p-am-bp≈ _‘w tami-am-bm¬ F√m Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßfpw ]mgvth-e-bmbn ]cn-W-an°pw. Hcn-°¬ ]hm-N-I≥ Xncp-ta\n Xs‚ A\p-N-c-∑m-tcmSv tNmZn®p:

""]m∏-cm-b-h¿ Bsc∂v \nßƒ°-dn-bmtam?'' Ah¿ ]d™p:""Rßƒ°n-S-bnse ]m∏-¿ Zn¿lapw Zo\mdpw Pohn-X-hn-`-h-hp-an-√m-Ø-h-cmWv.'' At∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v Adn-bn®p: ""Fs‚ kap-Zm-b-Ønse ]m∏¿A¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬ Xm≥ \n¿h-ln® \a-kvIm-chpw t\mºpw kIm-Øp-ambn hcp-∂-h-\mWv. ]t£, Abmƒ Hcmsf NoØ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p.as‰m-cmƒs°-Xnsc A]-hmZw ]N-cn-∏n-°p∂p. thsdm-cm-fpsS [\wBl-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. C\n-bp-sam-cp-Øs‚ c‡w Nn¥n-bn-cn-°p∂p. thsdm-cp-Øs\ ASn-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ Abm-fpsS \∑-Iƒ Ah¿°v\evI-s∏-Sp∂p. ]t£, _m[y-X-Iƒ sImSpØp Xocpw-aptº Abm-fpsS\∑-Iƒ Xo¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂p. At∏mƒ Ah-cpsS ]m]-ßƒ Abmƒ°v\evI-s∏Spw. Aßs\ Abmƒ \c-I-Øn-se-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.'' (apkvenw)

hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-h-iy-an-√mØ hn[w hy‡-am-Wn-Xns‚ Bibw.Bcm-[-\-I-fpsS kZv^-e-ßƒ t]mepw kl-Po-hn-I-tfmSv A\ymbwsNøp-∂-h¿°v Bkz-Zn-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂n√. amX-a√, Xß-fm¬tZmln-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS ]m]-ßƒ Ah¿ Npa-t°≠n hcn-Ibpw sN-øpw. ssZhnI aXw a\p-jy∂pw am\p-jnI _‘-ßƒ°pw Iev]n-°p∂ÿm\-am-WnXv hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv. AXv a\p-jys\ AXy-[nIw BZ-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ckvem-anse G‰hpw tijvT-amb Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-amb \a-kvImcw ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v Bfp-Iƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬In \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmƒ Hcp sIm®p Ipń-bpsS \ne°mØ Ic-®n¬ tI´m¬ \a-kvImcw Zo¿Ln-∏n-°msX eLq-I-cn-°-W-sa∂v ]hm-N-I≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. B Ipń Ic™v Ic™v acn-°p-tam-sb∂ Bi-¶-b√ AXn\p]d™ ImcWw. ]ns∂tbm, B Ic-bp∂ Ip™ns‚ amXm-hns‚a\ v thZ-\n-°p-sa-∂XmWv. Hcp amXr-lr-Z-b-Øns‚ thZ-\°v aXw\evInb ]cn-K-W-\-bm-WnXv hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv.

ac-Wm-\-¥cw adp-tem-IØv a\p-jys\ hnNm-c-W°p hnt[-b-am-°p-tºmƒ ssZhw a\p-jys‚ ÿm\Øv Xs∂ \n¿Øn a\p-jy-t\mSpsNbvX A\oXn Xt∂m-Sp-≈-Xmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-sa∂v aXw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p.A∂v A√mlp ]dbpw: ""tl a\pjym, Rm≥ tcmKn-bm-b-t∏mƒ \osb-s∂ kµ¿in-®n√. At∏mƒ a\p-jy≥ tNmZn°pw: Fs‚ \mYm, Rm≥\ns∂ kµ¿in-°p-Itbm? At∂cw A√mlp ]dbpw: Fs‚ C∂ASna tcmKn-bm-bXv \o Adn-™nt√? F∂n´v \o Ahs\ kµ¿in-®n√. Ahs\ kµ¿in-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ahs‚ ASpØv Fs∂ \oImWp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \n\°v Adn-™p-IqtS? tl a\pjym, \nt∂mSvRm≥ `£Ww Bh-iy-s∏´p. ]t£, \o F\n°v `£Ww X∂n√.

2 3kvt\l-kw-hmZw

a\p-jy≥ ]dbpw: Fs‚ \mYm, \o temI c£n-Xm-ht√? Rm≥ \n\-s°-ßs\ Blmcw \evIpw? A√mlp ]dbpw: Fs‚ C∂ ASna\nt∂mSv Blmcw Bh-iy-s∏-´Xv \n\-°-dn-bnt√? F∂n´v \o Ah\vBlmcw sImSp-Øn√. \o Ah\v Blmcw \evIn-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXvFs‚ ASpØv ImWp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \n\-°-dn-™p-IqtS? a\pjym,Rm≥ \nt∂mSv IpSn-\ocv Bh-iy-s∏´p. \o F\n°v sh≈w X∂n√.a\p-jy≥ ]dbpw: Fs‚ \mYm, \o k¿h-temI c£n-Xmhv. Rm≥Fßs\ \n\°v sh≈w Xcpw? A√mlp ]dbpw: Fs‚ C∂ ASna\nt∂mSv sh≈w tNmZn®p. \o Ah\v sImSp-Øn√. \n\-°-dn-™p-IqtS,\o sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv Fs‚ ASpØv ImWp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v?'' (_pJmcn)

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, a°ƒ, `mcym `¿Øm-°-∑m¿, Ab¬°m¿, AK-Xn-Iƒ, A\m-Y¿, c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, c-Wo-b¿ XpSßn kaq-l-Øns‚F√m Xe-ß-fn-ep-ap-≈-h-tcmSpw _‘-s∏-tS-≠Xv F∆n-[-am-sW∂v aXwhy‡-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v.

]mbm-[n-Iy-Øns‚ ]mc-h-iy-Øm¬ ]bm-k-s∏-Sp∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v Atem-k-c-ap-≠m-Ip∂ Hc-£-cw-t]mepw Dcn-bm-S-cp-sX∂v aX-a-\p-im-kn-°p∂p. ""\ns‚ \mY≥ hn[n-®n-cn-°p∂p; \nßƒ Ah\p amX-a-√msX a‰m-scbpw Bcm-[n-°p-Itbm ASn-s∏-Sp-Itbm AcpXv. amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv \√ \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn-°Ww. Ah-cn-sem-cmtfm c≠p-t]-cptam hm¿[Iy _m[n-X-cmbn \nt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bm¬ Ah-tcmSv "sO'F∂p t]mepw ]d-b-cpXv. ]cp-j-ambn kwkm-cn-°-cpXv. adn®v BZ-c-thmsS kwkm-cn-°pI, I\n-thmSpw Imcp-Wy-tØm-Spw-IqsS hn\o-X-cmbnh¿Øn-°pI, Cßs\ ]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI: \mYm! Fs‚ Ipń-°m-eØv Ah-scs∂ F∆n[w kvt\l-hm-’-ey-ß-tfmsS ]cn-N-cn-®p-thm A∆n[w \o Ah¿°v Imcp-Wy-a-cp-tf-Wta.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 17: 23, 24)

amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS ]oXn t\Sp-∂-h¿t° ssZh-]oXn e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q-sh∂pw Ah-cpsS tIm]w ssZh-tIm-]-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-sa∂pwCkvemw IWn-i-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. Zº-Xn-Iƒ°n-S-bnse kao-]-\hpws]cp-am-‰hpw F∆n-[-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw AXv hy‡-am-°p-∂p≠v.Ab¬°m-scbpw AXn-Yn-I-sfbpw BZ-cn-°m-Ø-h¿ hnizm-kn-I-f-s√∂vhnfw-_cw sNøp∂ Ckvemw Ah-tcm-Sp≈ _m[y-X-Iƒ hni-Z-ambnhnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p.

ASn-bm-fsc tamNn-∏n-°¬, Ah-i¿°v Bizm-k-ta-I¬, Ai-c-W¿°v A`bw \¬I¬, A\m-Ysc BZ-cn-°¬, AK-Xn-Iƒ°p≈A∂-Zm\w, IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-hsc klm-bn-°¬, a¿Zn-Xsc c£n-°¬ Ch-sbms° Ckvem-anI ho£-W-Øn¬ hnizm-kn-bpsS \n¿_‘ _m[y-X-I-fmWv; Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ AXn-hn-in-jvS-amb IrXy-ß-fmWv.

A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p: ""aXsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h≥ Bsc∂v \n\-°-dn-bmtam? Ah≥ A\m-Ysb Bń-b-I-‰p-∂-h\pw AK-Xn°v Blmcw


sImSp-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°m-Ø-h-\p-amWv. B \a-kvIm-c-°m¿°v \miw!Ah¿ Xß-fpsS \a-kvIm-csØ kw_-‘n®v Ai-≤-cmWv. Ah¿ Bfp-Isf ImWn-°p-I-bmWv. \n m-c-amb D]-Im-c-ßƒt]mepw hne-°p-IbpwsNøp∂p.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 107: 1-7)

km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ aX-\n-tj[n F∂p ]d-™m¬, ssZhsØ\ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-\mWv, aXsØ tNmZyw sNøp-∂-h-\mWv. F∂m¬ChnsS Hcp ]mT-t`-Z-ap≠v. CXv aX-sØ-°p-dn® Hcp ]p\¿ hmb-\-bmWv. hnip≤ thZ-KŸw ]d-bp∂p: Ah≥ A\m-Ysb Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-h-\mWv, AK-Xn°v Ahs‚ Blmcw \¬Im≥ t]cn-∏n-°m-Ø-h-\mWv. Ah≥ \a-kvI-cn-°m-Ø-h-\√, \a-kvI-cn°pw, ]t£ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Ai≤\mWv. Bfp-Isf ImWn-°m≥ th≠n Aßs\ sNøp-∂-h-\mWv. AXn-\m¬ B \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v Hcp ]Xn-^-e-\-hp-an√.êtam, sIm®p sIm®p D]-Im-c-ßƒ XS-bp-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°m≥ t]mepwAXv t]c-I-am-Ip-∂n√. ssZhhpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘wZrVhpw kpi-‡hpw `Zhpw \oXn-bp-‡-hp-am-hp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w kvt\l˛ ImcpWy˛hm’ey˛KpW-Imw£m hnIm-c-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-Xhpw kpZr-V-hp-am-h-W-sa-∂mWvCkvem-an-hnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

A∆n[w Xs∂-bmWv a\p-jy\pw ]]-©hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘hpw.Hcp ]q®sb sIń-bn´v ]ń-Wn-°n-´-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Hcp s]Æv \c-I-]-th-i-Øn\p Imc-W-ambn F∂pw Zmln-®p-h-e™ Hcp ]ń°v sh≈wsImSp-Ø-Xns‚ t]cn¬ ]m]n-bmb s]Æv kz¿K-ÿ-bmbn F∂pw ]hm-N-I≥ Xncp-ta\n ]d-bp-I-bp-≠mbn. CXv as‰mcp Imcy-amWv \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. Cu ]]-©-Ønse kakvX krjvSn-I-tfmSpw DZm-c-]-c-ambkao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv. A\m-h-iy-ambn Ah-sb-sbm∂pwtZmln-°m-h-X√. AIm-c-W-ambn acsØ Is√-dn-bm≥ t]mepw aX-a-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n√.

Cßs\ aq∂p _‘-ßsf IWn-i-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvXv AhbYm-hn[n ]men-°-W-sa∂v A\p-im-kn-°p∂ Ckvemw, Hcp kºq¿WPohnX hyh-ÿ-bmWv. am\h Pohn-X-Øns‚ apgp taJ-e-I-fn-te°pwBh-iy-amb D]-tZi \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw \nb-a-I-a-ßfpw [m¿an-Im-[ym-]-\-ßfpw AXv \¬In-bn-´p≠v. FX-tØm-f-sa-∂m¬, a\p-jy≥ Xs‚Iq´p-Im-cs\ I≠pap´p-tºmƒ Ahs‚ apJw F∆n-[-am-h-W-sa∂v IqSn]hm-N-I≥ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠mbn.

Hcmƒ Xs‚ Iq´p-Im-cs‚ apJØv t\m°n aµ-l-kn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw[¿a-amWv. ]pWy-I¿a-amWv. P\-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw I≠p-ap- p-tºmƒ A`n-hmZyw sNtø-≠Xv Fß-s\-bm-sW∂v aXw ]Tn-∏n®p. \ap-°-dnbmw,temI-Øn-te-‰hpw ]cn-jvIr-X -k-aq-l-ambn KWn-°-s∏-Sm-dp≈ ]m›m-Xy¿ ]c-kv]cw I≠p-ap- p-tºmƒ ]`m-X-Øn¬ "KpUvtam¿-WnwKv' F∂pwkmbm-”-Øn¬ "KpUv Cuh-\nwKv' F∂p-am-Wt√m ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv.F∂m¬, Hcp \nanjw \nß-sfm∂v Hm¿Øp t\m°q! cmXn hb-dp-th-

2 5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Z\ A\p- -hn®p, Blmcw Ign-°m≥ Ign-™n√, Dd-ßm\pw Ign-™n√.]`m-X-Øn¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßp∂ a\p-jy-t\mSv KpUvtam¿WnwKv F∂p ]d-™m¬ AsX-X-amXw \nc¿Y-Ihpw A\p-Nn-X-hp-am-bn-cn°pw. A∆n[wXs∂-bt√, acn®p InS-°p∂ ]nXm-hns‚ Acn-In-en-cn-°p∂ aI-t\mSvKpUv Cuh-\nwKv F∂p ]d-™m¬? AX-bmƒ°v Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bptam? AtX-k-abw temIØv GXp a\p-jy\pw kt¥m-j-tØmsSkzoI-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ A`n-hm-Zy-cq-]-amWv Ckvemw \n›-bn-®Xv; "A -emap Asse°pw'˛ "\nßƒ°v ssZh-Øns‚ c£-bp-≠m-hs´, \∑-bp-≠m-hs´' F∂m-W-Xns‚ A¿Yw. ]Xyp-Ø-chpw A∆n[w Xs∂. Pohn-X-Øns‚ F√m hi-ß-fn-te°pw Bh-iy-amb \nbaw Ckvemw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. \S-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bm-h-W-sa∂v t]mepw AXv ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. hnip-≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ \nc-h[n ÿe-ß-fn¬, \SØw hn\-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww, Al-¶m-c-tØm-sStbm s]mß-®-tØm-sStbm Bh-cp-sX∂v A-\p-im-kn-®ncn°p∂p. InS-°p-∂-sX-ßs\?`£Ww Ign-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? Dd-ßp-∂-sX-ßs\? DW-cp-∂-sX-ßs\?Ab¬°m-c-t\m-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰-sa-ßs\? kaq-l-tØm-Sp≈ kao-]-\-sa-ßs\? `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-sa-∆n[w? `c-Wo-b-tcm-Sp-≠m-th≠ \ne-]mSv F¥v? Ckvemw F√mw hfsc hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ A-sXmcp kºq¿W-amb PohnX hyh-ÿ-bmWv. a\p-jys‚ F√m hnNm-c-ßfpw hnIm-c-ßfpw Ne-\-ßfpw I¿a-ßfpw ssZhnI \nb-a-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn am‰n-Øo¿°-W-sa-∂mWvAXv \tΩmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. AXn-∂-\p-kr-X-ambn Pohn-°p-∂-h¿°mWv apkvenw F∂p ]d-bpI.

C]-Im-cw-Xs∂, Ckvemw hf-sc-tbsd Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂ H∂mWvam\-h-cm-in-bpsS GI-Xzhpw ka-Xzhpw. temI-sØ-ßm-\p-ap≈ apgp-h≥ a\p-jycpw Htc ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-I-fmWv. h¿K˛h¿W˛-tZi˛`mjm˛Ime˛enwKt`Z-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn Ah-sc√mw ka-∑mcpw ]c-kv]cw ktlm-Z-c-ß-fp-amWv. Htc amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS a°-fmWv.A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p: ""a\p-jytc, Hcm-Wn¬-\n∂pw s]Æn¬\n-∂p-amWv \mw \nßsf krjvSn-®n-´p-≈Xv. ]ns∂, \nßsf kap-Zm-b-ßfpwtKmX-ß-fp-am°n, \nßƒ ]c-kv]cw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥. A√m-lp-hn-¶¬G‰hpw BZ-c-Wo-b≥ \nß-fn¬ G‰hpw `‡n-bp-≈-h-\sX'' (Jp¿-B≥ 49:13). A¥y-]-hm-N-I-\mb apl-ΩZv \_n Xncp-ta\n ]d-bp∂p:""\nß-fp-sS-sb√mw ssZh-sam-∂mWv. \nß-fp-sS-sb-√m-h-cp-sSbpw ]n-Xmhpw HcmƒXs∂. F√m-hcpw BZ-an¬\n∂v; BZtam aÆn¬-\n∂pw.''

No¿∏ns‚ ]√p-Iƒt]mse a\p-jy-scms° ka-∑m-cmWv, Xpey-cmWvF∂v ]hm-N-I≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. Cu XpeyX ]Jym-]-\-ß-fn¬ amX-sam-Xp°n \n¿ØmsX ]hm-N-I≥ ]tbm-K-X-e-Øn¬ \S-∏n¬hcp-Øp-I-bp-≠mbn. \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Xs‚ kaq-l-Øn¬ ]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-X-\m-b-t∏mƒ AhnsS kmaq-ln-I-amb D®-\o-N-Xzw cq£-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p. ASn-a-Ifpw DS-a-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p. bP-am-\-∑mcpw Iogm-


f-∑mcpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p. htc-Wy-h¿K-°mcpw IogvPm-Xn-°mcpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ckvemw Ah-tcmSv ]d™p: ""\nß-sfms° ka-∑m-cmWv.''BZyw AX-h¿°v Dƒs°m-≈m≥ ]bm-k-am-bn-cp∂p. Hcn-°¬ ]hm-N-Is‚ Acp-a-in-jy-cmb A_q-Z¿dn¬ Kn^m-cnbpw IdpØ ASn-a-bm-bn-cp∂ _nem-ep_v\p d_mlpw iWvT-IqSn. hg°v cq£-am-b-t∏mƒ A_qZ¿dn¬ Kn^mcn Xs‚ Iq´p-Im-cs\ "Idp-Ø-h-fpsS]pXm' F∂v hnfn-°m-\n-S-bmbn. DSs\ _nem¬ ]hm-N-Is‚ k∂n-[n-bn-seØn At±-l-tØmSv ]cmXn ]d™p. ]hm-N-I≥ A_q-Z¿dn¬Kn^m-cnsb hnfn-®p-h-cpØn tNmZn®p: ""A√; \o \ns‚ Iq´p-Im-cs\Ahs‚ amXm-hns‚ t]cn¬ Bt£-]n-®pthm?'' "AsX' F∂p ]d-™-t∏mƒ, ]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: ""F¶n¬ Xm¶-fn¬ Ckvemw ]q¿W-am-bn-ń√; Ct∏mgpw Xm¶-fn¬ A\n-kvem-an-I-X-bp≠v. AXn-\m¬Xm¶ƒ ]›m-Ø-]n-°Ww.'' CXp-tI´v ]›m-Øm-]-hn-h-i-\mbIpeo\ tKmX-°m-c-\mb ]hm-N-I-in-jy≥ A_q-Z¿dv _nem-ens\kao-]n®v Xs‚ apJw \ne-Øp-h-®p-sIm≠v ]d™p: ""_nemte,\nt∂mSv Rm≥ sNbvX A]-cm-[-Øn\v Fs‚ Ihn-fn¬ Nhnń ]Xn-Inb sNøq.'' CXp-tI´ _nem¬ ]d™p: ""Rm≥ Xm¶ƒ°v am∏v\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂p.'' CXv B kaq-l-Øn¬ ]hm-N-I≥ hf¿Øn-sb-SpØ kaXz hnIm-c-Øns‚ ]Xn-^-e-\-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv kphn-Zn-X-asX. Cu kaXz Nn¥°v hncp-≤-amb t\cnb \ne-]mSv t]mepwBcn¬\n∂pw D≠m-h-cp-sX∂v Ckvem-an\v \njvI¿j-bp≠v. hnip≤thZ-K-Ÿ-amb Jp¿-B-\n¬ apl-ΩZv \_n Hcn-°¬ amXta \nin-X-ambn hna¿in-°-s∏-ń-´p≈q. AXv ]hm-N-Is‚ Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ß-fn¬hogvN h∂-Xp-sIm-≠√, ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øn¬ ]mfn-®-Iƒ]‰n-b-Xns‚ t]cn-ep-a√. adn®v, Xs‚ Hcp A\p-bm-bn-tbm-Sp-≠mbkao-]\w th≠X \√ \ne-bn-em-hm-Ø-Xns‚ t]cn-em-bn-cp∂p. ]hm-N-I≥ B kaq-l-Ønse ]ap-J-∑m-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. A_q-P-l¬, A_q-e-l_v, DXv_Xv, ssi_Xv,Aßs\ a°-bnse Jpssdio kaq-l-Ønse t\Xm-°-fmb apgp-h≥Bfp-Ifpw ]hm-N-Is‚ apºn¬ HØp-Iq-Sn -bn -cp∂p. ssZhnIk∑m¿KsØ kw_-‘n-®m-bn-cp∂p kw`m-jWw. At∏mƒ A‘-\m-sbm-cmƒ IS-∂p-h∂p; A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p DΩn a‡qw. At±lw P∑\mIÆp ImWm-Ø-h-\mWv. ]hm-N-I≥ At±-lsØ th≠X ]cn-K-Wn-®n√. ImcWw, B kaq-l-Ønse G‰hpw ]ap-J-∑m-cp-ambnkwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂, Xnc-°p-]n-Sn® kµ¿`-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. AXn-\m¬, At±-lsØ i≤n-°mt\m ]tXyIw ]cn-K-Wn-°mt\m km[n-®n√. Cu kw`hw A‘-\mb a\p-jy≥ Adnt™m? Hcn-°epw Adn-™n√. ImcWw, Abmƒ P∑\m Ipcp-S-\mWv. ]hm-N-Is‚ apJ-`mhw ImWm≥ Abmƒ°v IÆp-I-fn√. Ahn-S∂v Xs∂ i≤nt®mC√tbm F∂v At±lw a\- n-em-°n-bncp∂pan√. F∂n´pw ssZh-Øn\v Xs‚ ZqXs‚ kao-]\w AwKo-I-cn-°pI km[y-am-bn-cp-∂n√.

2 7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

IÆp-Im-WmØ B a\p-jy≥ ˛ A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p DΩnaIvXqw˛ AXva\- n-em-°ntbm C√tbm F∂-X√ ssZh-Øn\v ]iv\w. adn®v, Xs‚A¥y-Zq-X-\mb apl-Ω-Zv\_n, Xs‚ Hcp ASn-asb Ah-K-Wnt®mC√tbm F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬ hnip≤ thZ-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ Ht´sdhmIy-ßƒ Ah-Xo¿W-ambn. Ah-bn-eqsS ]hm-N-Is‚ \ne-]m-Sns\\nin-X-ambn \ncq-]Ww sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv Bcpw AØcw kao-]\wkzoI-cn-°-cp-sX∂v ]tXyIw DW¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-t\mSv tami-ambn s]cp-am-dn-bm¬ ssZh-Øn\v AXvHcn-°epw kln-°mt\m s]mdp-°mt\m km[y-a√ F∂¿Yw. ka-Xz-Øns‚ D÷ze hnIm-c-ßƒ hnizm-kn-bn¬ kZm D≠m-°-W-sa∂pwPohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw AXns‚ ]Xn-^-e-\-ßƒ ]I-S-am-h-W-sa∂pwIWn-i-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥. Hcp Imcyw-IqSnC-hnsS kqNn-∏n-°s´, temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw it≤-b-amb h\w hnip≤IA-v_-bmWv. \qdp-tImSn a\p-jy¿ Znt\\ A©p-t\cw AXns‚ t\scXncn™v \a-kvI-cn-°p∂p. Ah-scm-s°bpw Bk-∂-a-c-W-cm-hp-tºmƒXß-fpsS apJw Xncn®psh°m-dp-≈Xv AXns‚ t\sc-bmWv. hyXykvXXe-ap-d-I-fnse \nc-h[n \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØ tImSm-\p-tImSn a\p-jy¿ A¥y-hn-iaw sIm≈p-∂Xv B hnip≤ aµn-c-Øns‚t\sc apJw Xncn®ph®mWv. B tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ apI-fn¬ Hscm‰ a\p-jyt\ Ib-dn-\n∂v _m¶v I¿aw \n¿h-ln-®n-´p≈q. AsXmcp hnP-b-]-Jym-]\w IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p. P∑-\m-Sn-t\mSv hnS ]d-tb-≠n-h∂ ]hm-N-I\pw A\p-N-c-∑mcpw a°-bn-te°v tPXm-°-fmbn Xncn-®p-h∂ Ncn-X-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p AXv. At∏mƒ Hcp tPXm-hn-s\-t∏mse, s\Sp-\m-b-I-s\-t∏mse, `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb-t∏mse, k¿h-ssk-\ym-[n-]-s\-t∏mse hnip≤ tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ apI-fn¬ Ib-dn-\n∂v hnP-b-]-Jym-]\w \S-Øm≥ \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv Xs‚ kaq-l-Ønsehtc-Wy-h¿K-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-sb-b√; D∂-X -Ip-e-tKm-X-°m-c-\mbBsc-bp-a√; adn®v, ASn-asbbmWv˛ sXmen Idp-Ø-, \otKm hwi-P-\m-b _nem-ep_v\p d_m-ln-s\. ]hm-N-I≥ At±-lsØ hnip≤ tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ apI-fn¬ Ib-‰n-\n¿Øn hnP-b-]-Jym-]\w \S-Øn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Cßs\ kaq-l-Ønse D®-\o-N-Xz-Øns‚ Ah-km-\sØAwihpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p \_n Xncp-ta\n ian-®Xv.

Hcp Imcyw IqSn kqNn-∏n-°s´, `qan-bn¬ a\p-jy\v sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ G‰hpw al-Ømb Imcyw F¥v F∂ tNmZyw Gsd ]k-‡-amWv. km[m-cW KXn-bn¬ \ap°v tXm∂pw, ssZh-Øn\v G‰hpw CjvS-s∏-´Xv Ah-∂p≈ Bcm-[-\-bmWv, D]m-k-\-bmWvv; ae-ap-I-fn¬ GIm-¥-\mbn Ahs\ Bcm-[n-°epw X]- -\p-jvTn-°-ep-am-sW∂v. F∂m¬,ssZhw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv as‰m-∂mWv; Ah≥ a\p-jy-tcmSv ]d™p: ""Bfp-Isf ImWn-°p-hm≥ th≠n-b-√msX, ssZhØns‚ ]oXn amXwImw£n-®p-sIm≠v, Ahs‚ Zmk\v sNøp∂ tkh-\-amWv G‰hpw al-Øcw.''


Cßs\ kaq -l-Po -hn -X -Øns‚ hyXykvX Xe-ß-fn¬]pe¿tØ≠ \nb-a-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n® Ckvemw kºØv Fßs\ssIImcyw sNø-W-sa∂v hni-Zo-Icn®p. [\w ssZh-Øn-t‚-XmWv.a\p-jy\v ssIIm-cym-h-Imiw amX-ta-bp≈q. AXv F∆n[w kºm-Zn-°Ww; F∆n[w kºm-Zn -°-cpXv; Fßs\ ssIhiw sh°mw;Fßs\ ssIhiw sh°-cpXv; F∆n[w hybw sNømw; F∆n[w hybwsNø-cpXv; CsX√mw Ckvemw hy‡-ambpw IWn-i-ambpw ]Tn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p. kºm-Zn-°pI F∂Xv ]m]-a√. adn®v, ]Xn-^-em¿l-amb]pWy-I¿a-amWv. ImcWw, a\p-jy≥ `qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv. Cu `qan [\y-am-°pI, sFiz-cy-]q¿W-am-°pI F∂XvssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-bmb a\p-jys‚ Npa-X-e-bmWv. hcpw-X-e-ap-d°vth≠n CXns\ ê-k-ar-≤-am°n am‰p-∂Xv Bcm-[-\-bmWv. Hcn-°¬]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p:

""Imbn-Im-[zm-\-Øn-eqsS hnizmkn £oWn-X-\m-bm¬ Ah≥ ]m]-tam-Nn-X-\m-bn-Øocpw.''

as‰m-cn-°¬ \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Xs‚ A\p-N-c-\p-ambn lkvX-Zm\wsNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Abm-fpsS ssI ]cp-]-cp-Ø-Xm-bn-cp∂p. At∏mƒ]hm-N-I≥ tNmZn®p, F¥mWv ssI°v ]‰n-b-Xv? Abmƒ ]d™p:AXv ]Wn-sb-Sp-Ø-Xns‚ Xgºv _m[n-®-Xm-Wv. DSs\ ]hm-N-I≥ At±-l-Øns‚ Ccp ssIIfpw ]nSn®p Npw_n®p. F∂n-´h Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm≠v ]d™p: ssZh-Øn\pw Ahs‚ ZqX∂pw G‰hpw ]nb-s∏´ssII-fm-Wnh. ]mSp-s] v ]Wn-sb-SpØv, ]mSp-I-fp-≠m-Ip∂ ssII-fmWvA√m-lp-hn\pw Ahs‚ ]hm-N-I∂pw Gsd ]nb-¶-c-sa-∂¿Yw.Cßs\ A[zm-\n-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂, kaqlXm¬]-cy-Øn\v hncp-≤-ambn kºm-Zn-°-cp-sX∂v IWn-i-ambn Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. A]-Im-cw-Xs∂ [\w ssIhiw sh°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Ckvemw kaq-l-Øns‚ kmº-ØnI ÿnXn ]q¿W-ambpw]cn-K-Wn-®m-hWw AsX∂v i‡-ambn A\p-im-kn-°p∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w[\-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øn¬ B¿`m-Stam BUw-_-ctam [q¿tØm Zp¿hy-btamAcp-sX∂v B⁄m-]n-°p∂p.

Cßs\ a\pjy Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn-te°v Bh-iy-amb apgp-h≥ \nb-a-\n¿tZ-ißfpw ssZhw Xs‚ A¥y-Zq-X-\n-eqsS\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂p. Ahb\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h¿°mWv apkvenw-IƒF∂p ]d-bpI. t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse AXv GsX-¶nepw PmXn-bpsS t]c√; tZi-°m-cp-sStbm `mj-°m-cp-sStbm ]tXyIw t]cp-≈-h-cp-sStbm t]c√. B¿ Cu ]]-©-Øns‚ ]n∂nse ]IrXn\nbaw\n›-bn-®pthm AtX ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v a\p-jy-cm-in-°mbn Ah-Xo¿W-amb PohnX hyhÿb\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂h-cmWv apkvenw-Iƒ.Aßs\ Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv Ckvemw F∂p ]d-bpI. AXn-\m¬ aq∂vASn-ÿm\ kn≤m-¥-ßƒ Ckvemw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ apºn¬ka¿∏n-°p∂p. H∂v, ]]-©-Øns‚ kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-\p-amb

2 9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

ssZhØn\v amXw hgßn hWßn hnt[-b-ambn, Ah≥ \¬Inb \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-b-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°pI. A∆n[w Pohn-®m¬ ac-W-tijwssZhw hmKvZm\w sNbvX kz¿Kw e`n°pw. ssZhsØ [n°-cn®v \ntj-[n-bmbn, Al-¶m-cn-bmbn, ]m]n-bmbn Pohn-®m¬ ac-W-tijw ]c-tem-IØv \c-Im-h-Im-in-bm-bn-Øocpw. Cu ktµiw a\p-jy¿s°-Øn-®p-sIm-SpØ, temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ hyXykvX Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬ \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb apgp-h≥ ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-scbpw B ]c-º-c-bnseAh-km-\sØ IÆn-bmb apl-ΩZv \_n-sbbpw hniz-kn-°p-IbpwAwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cn-eqsS Ah-Xo¿W-amb ktµiw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI. Cu aq∂v ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fw-Ko-I-cn®v ssZhw \¬InbA\p-K-l-ßƒ°v \µn F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ahs\ amXw, Ah≥ ]Tn-∏n® t]mse, Bcm-[n-°-W-sa∂pw Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn-te°v ssZhw \¬Inb \nb-a-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ ]q¿W-ambpw ]men-®p-sIm≠v hnip-≤-amb, ]pWy-I-c-amb PohnXw \bn-°-W-sa∂pw AXm-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂p. Aßs\ Pohn-°p∂ hnizmkn X\n°v, Xs‚ IpSpw-_-Øn\v, kaq-l-Øn\v, \mń\v, temI-Øn\v A-\p-K-l-am-bn-cn°pw. C∆n[wa\- n¬ im¥nbpw hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ hnip-≤nbpw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ sskzchpw kaq-l-Øn¬ kam-[m-\hpw cmjvS-Øn¬ `Z-XbpwtemIØv ]im-¥nbpw hf¿ØpI, k¿thm-]cn ac-W-tijw adp-tem-IØv ssZh-in-£-bn¬\n∂v tamNn-X-ambn Ahs‚ A\p-Kr-lo-X-ambkz¿K-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-I-fm-hpI; CsXm-s°bpw km[n-X-am-°p∂Ckvem-anI ]Xy-b-im-kvXsØ \nß-fpsS kq£va-amb ]T-\-Øn\pw]cn-tim-[-\°pw \nco-£-W-Øn\pw hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\pw hnt[-b-am-°-W-sa∂pw kzoIm-cy-sa-¶n¬ Dƒs°m-≈Wsa∂pw hn\-b-]q¿hwA`y¿Yn-°p∂p. ChnsS Ct∏mƒ ka¿∏n-®Xv Ckvem-ans‚ ka-K-ambcq]tam ]q¿W-amb ]T-\tam A√. AtX-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-°m\pw ]Tn-°m\pw Adn-bm\pw a\- n-em-°m-\pw ]tNm-Z-I-am-tb-°m-hp∂ Hcpkw£n]vX NnXw amX-am-Wv. hni-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn\v \nßƒ k∂-≤-am-Ip-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. k∂-≤-am-h-W-sa∂v hn\-b-]q¿hw A`y¿Yn-°p-∂p.

ssZh-Øns‚ kXy-ip-≤-amb ]mX GsX∂v Is≠Øn AXn-eqsSk©-cn®v a\- n\v kzmÿyhpw hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ hnip-≤nbpw IpSpw-_-Øn¬ sskzchpw kaq-l-Øn¬ kam-[m-\hpw cmPyØv `Z-XbpwtemIØv ]im-¥nbpw ÿm]n-X-am-hm\pw, k¿thm-]cn ac-W-tijwssZh-Øns‚ kΩm-\-amb kz¿Kw t\Sm\pw Ah≥ \sΩ Gh-scbpwA\p-K-ln-°s´. ]]-©-\m-Y-\mb A√mlp \sΩ Ccp -tem-IØpwXpW-°p-am-dm-hs´.


H∂v

ssZhw \oXn-amt\m?

""ssZhw \oXn-am-\m-sW-∂m-Wt√m ]d-™p-h-cp-∂Xv. F∂m¬ A\p-`hw adn-®mWv. a\p-jy-cn¬ Nne¿ hnI-emw-Kcpw a‰p Nne¿ aµ-_p-≤n-I-fp-amWv. CXv Ah-tcmSp sNbvX ISpØ A\o-Xn-bt√?''

Cu tNmZyw ]Xy-£-Øn¬ hfsc ]k-‡hpw \ymbhpw Xs∂.F∂m¬ A¬]w Btem-Nn-®m¬ A_≤w A\m-bmkw t_m[y-amIpw.\ap°v Cu tNmZyw H∂p-IqSn hnI-kn-∏n°mw. At∏mƒ ]k-‡-sa∂vtXm∂p∂ \nc-h[n tNmZy-ßƒ \ΩpsS apºn¬ Db¿∂p-hcpw. F\n°vF¥p-sIm≠v BdSn \ofw \¬In-bn-s√∂v Ipdn-b-h\p tNmZn-°m-hp∂-XmWv. Xs∂ F¥p-sIm≠v sXmen shfp-Ø-h-\m-°n-bn-s√∂ Idp-Ø-hs‚ tNmZyhpw kpµ-c-\m-°n-bn-s√∂ hncq-]s‚ tNmZyhpw ]Xn-`m-[-\-\m-°n-bn-s√∂ kmam-\y-_p-≤n-bpsS tNmZyhpw kpJ-I-c-amb Imemh-ÿ-bp-t≈-SØv P\n-∏n-®n-s√∂ acp- q-hm-kn-bpsS tNmZyhpw [\nIIpSpw-_-Øn-em-°n-bn-s√∂ Zcn-Zs‚ tNmZyhpw c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-°n-bn-s√∂`c-Wo-bs‚ tNmZyhpw Ccp-]-sØm∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-∏n-®n√ F∂]Ømw \q‰m-≠p-Im-cs‚ tNmZy-hp-sams° ]k-‡hpw \ymb-hp-asX.CsXm-s°bpw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw Xe-Øn¬-\n∂v t\m°p-tºmƒXnI™ A\o-Xn-bp-amWv. \ΩpsS kl-[¿an-Wn-am-cpsS tNmZyw CXn-s\-°m-sf√mw \ymbhpw ]k-‡-hp-asX. amk-Øn¬ \n›nX ZnhkwNne ]bm-k-ß-f-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-hfpw K¿`w Npa-t°-≠-hfpw ]k-hn-t°-≠hfpw Ipń°v ape sImSp-t°-≠-h-fp-ambn Xs∂sb-¥n\p krjvSn®p;Xs‚ ¿Øm-hn\v CØcw ]bm-k-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√t√m; AXn-\m¬ Xs∂F¥p-sIm≠v BWmbn krjvSn-®n√ F∂v GsXmcp kvXo°pw tNmZn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. Xt∂mSv sNbvXXv ISpØ A\o-Xnbm-sW∂v ka¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNømw. a\p-jy¿°n-S-bnse Cu hyXym-kß-sf√mw C√mXm-h-emWv \oXn-sb-¶n¬ F√m-hcpw Htc `q]-tZ-iØv, Htc Imem-h-ÿ-bn¬, Htc ImeØv, Htc IpSpw-_-Øn¬, Htc amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS a°-fmbn, _p≤n-]-c-ambn Htc \ne-hm-c-Øn-ep-≈-h-cmbn, Htc ico-c-]-Ir-

3 1kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn, Htc enwK-°m-cmbn, Htc-hn[w BtcmKym-h-ÿ-bn¬ P\n-°p-Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw th≠n-hcpw. CXv Xo¿Øpw Akm-[yhpwA]m-tbm-Kn-I-hp-am-sW∂v Gh¿°pw Adn-bm-hp∂ Imcy-amWv. AXn-\m¬ F√m Imcy-ß-fn-sebpw sshhn-[yw a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS \ne-\n¬]n\v A\n-hm-cy-asX.

a\p-jy-Po-hnXw ac-W-tØmsS Ah-km-\n-°p-sa-¶n¬ \oXnsbkw_-‘n® Cu tNmZy-ß-sf√mw Xo¿Øpw ]k-‡-ß-fmWv. F¶n¬P\\w apX¬ acWw hsc-bp≈ PohnXw F√m-h¿°pw Htc-t]mseXpey-ambn A\p-`-hn-°m\pw Bkz-Zn-°m\pw Ah-kcw e`n-°p-I-Xs∂thWw. F∂m¬ \oXn-am-\mb ssZhw ac-W-tØmsS a\p-jy-Po-hnXwAh-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂n√. sFlnI PohnXw I¿a-Im-e-amWv. hnNm-c-Wbpwhn[nbpw I¿a- -ehpw ac-W-tijw adp-tem-I-ØmWv. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw`qan-bn¬ \n¿h-ln-°m-\p≈ _m[yX Ah-c-h¿°v \¬I-s∏´ Ign-hp-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn-®mWv. ]W-°m-c-s‚-bX _m[yX ]mh-s∏-´-h∂n√.]fin-Xs‚ Npa-Xe ]ma-c-∂n√. ]Xn-`m-im-en-I-fpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnXzwkmam\y-_p-≤n-°n√. aµ-_p-≤n°v AX-bp-an√. hnI-emw-K\v ]q¿WBtcmKy-hms\ At]-£n®v Ipd™ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ta-bp≈q. Cu_m[y-X-IfpsS \n¿h-l-W-amWv Pohn-X-Øns‚ Pbm-]-P-b-ß-fpsS\nZm\w. Hmtcm-cpØ-¿°pw e`y-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ GXp-hn[w hn\n-tbm-Kn-®p-sh-∂-XmWv hnebn-cp-Ø-s∏-SpI. XZ-\p-kr-X-ambn Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cnepwA¿∏n-X-amb Npa-X-e-I-fpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-Ønse c£m-in-£-Iƒ \n›-bn-°-s∏-SpI.AXn-\m¬ ac-W-tijw adp-tem-I-an-s√-¶n¬ amXta Cu `qan-bnsea\p-jys‚ Ah-ÿm-¥-c-ßƒ A\o-Xn-]-c-am-hp-I-bp≈q. A\-iz-c-amb]c-temIw A\n-tj-[yam-sW-∂-Xn-\m¬ AwK-ssh-I-eyhpw Btcm-Kym-h-ÿ-bnse A¥-chpw ss[j-WnI \ne-hm-c-Ønse hyXym-k-hp-sam∂pw ssZh-\o-Xn°p Xosc hncp-≤-am-hp-∂n√.

hnI-emw-K≥ AwK-ssh-I-ey-an-√m-Ø-h-s‚bpw ]mh-s∏-´-h≥ ]W-°m-c-s‚bpw apºnse ]co-£Ww IqSn-bsX. Xßƒ°v ssZhw \¬In-b A\p-K-l-ß-f-\p-kva-cn®v hnI-emw-K-tcmSpw Zcn-Z-tcmSpw klm-\p-`q-Xnbpw A\p-I-ºbpw ]pe¿Øn, kvt\lw ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpwklm-b-k-l-I-c-W-ßƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw DZm-c-ambn s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-t≠m-sb-∂-Xns‚ IqSn ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw Ah-cpsS acWm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-Ønse c£m-in-£-Iƒ.

F∂m¬ ssZh-sØbpw ]c-tem-I-sØbpw \ntj-[n-°p∂ uXnIhm-Zn-Iƒ°v \oXnsb kw_-‘n® CØcw tNmZy-ßƒs°m∂pw DØcw\¬IpI km[y-a√. ]]-©-Øn\v \nb-X-amb Xmfhpw hy‡-ambIahpw hyh-ÿbpw \¬Inb "]IrXn' F¥p-sIm≠v a\p-jy-tcmSv\oXn ImWn-®n√? ]IrXn sNbvX Cu ISpØ A\o-Xn°v F¥p ]cn-lm-c-amWv ùXnI-hm-Zn-°v \n¿tZ-in-°m-\p-≈Xv? DØcw \¬tI-≠XvssZh-\n-tj-[n-Ifpw aX-hn-cp-≤-cp-amWv.


c≠v

ssZhsØ krjvSn-®-Xmcv?

""]]-©-Øn\v Hcp kjvSmhv thW-sa∂pw ssZh-amWv AXns\krjvSn-®-sX∂pw \nßƒ aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ ]d-bp∂p. F∂m¬ \nß-fpsS ssZhsØ krjvSn-®-Xm-cmWv? aXhpw ssZhhpw hnizm-k-Im-cy-am-sW∂pw AXn¬ bp‡n°v ]k-‡n-bn-s√-∂p-ap≈ ]Xnhp adp-]-Sn-b-√msX h√Xpw ]d-bm-\pt≠m?''

]]-©-sØ-∏‰n ][m-\-ambpw c≠p ho£-W-amWv \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv. H∂v aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-tSXv. AX-\p-k-cn®v ]]©w krjvSn-bmWv.ssZh-am-W-Xns‚ kjvSmhv. c≠m-a-tØXv ]Zm¿Y hmZn-I-fpsS ho£-W-amWv. ]]©w A\m-Zn-bm-sW∂v Ah-c-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂p. AYhmAXp-≠m-b-X√, BZn-bnte D≈-XmWv. AXn-\m-e-Xn\v BZyhpw A¥y-hp-an√.

Bbn-cØn A™qtdm c≠m-bn-ctam tImSn sIm√w apºv ]]©wAXo-h-km-µ-X-bp≈ Hcp sIm®p ]Zm¿Y-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ùXn-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂p. AXv kmµ-X-bp-sSbpw Xm]-Øns‚bpw ]mc-ay-X-bn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ s]mń-sØ-dn®p. B kvt^mS\w A\-¥-ambAkwJyw s]mń-sØ-dn-I-fpsS irwJ-e-bmbn. kwJy-Iƒ°v AXo-X-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ BZn-]-Zm¿Y-Øns‚ Xm]hpw kmµ-Xbpw FØn-b-t∏m-gmWv AXv s]mń-sØ-dn-®Xv. B s]mń-sØ-dn-bpsS i_vZhpwAf-°m-\m-hm-Ø-XsX. h≥ hnkvt^m-S-\-Øns‚ AtX \nan-j-Øn¬ap∆m-bncw tImSn UnKn Xm]-ap≈ ]]©w D≠mbn. s]mń-sØ-dn-bpsS e-ambn hnIm-k-ap-≠mbn. hnImkw Imc-W-ambn Xm]-\ne Ipd-bp-hm≥ XpSßn. kvt^mS\w Ign™v \mev \nanjw ]n∂n-´-t∏mƒ\yqtSm-Wp-Ifpw t]mt´m-Wp-Ifpw IqSn-t®¿∂p. B kwK-a-amWv \£-X-ßƒ sXm´v a\p-jy≥ hsc-bp≈ F√m-‰n-s‚bpw P∑-Øn\v \mµnIpdn-®Xv.

]]-t©m¬]-Ønsb kw_-‘n® ùXn-I-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Cu k¶¬-]w DØ-cw-In-´mØ \nc-h[n tNmZy-ß-fp-b¿Øp∂p. BZn-]-Zm¿YwF∂mWv Xm]-Ønepw kmµ-X-bnepw ]mc-ay-X-bn-se-Øn-bXv? F¥p-

3 3kvt\l-kw-hmZw

sIm≠v AXn\p apºm-bn√, As√-¶n¬ tij-am-bn√? A\m-Zn-bn¬Xs∂ Xm]-Ønepw kmµ-X-bnepw ]mc-ay-X-bn-em-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v A\m-Zn-bn¬ Xs∂ kvt^mS\w kw`-hn-®n√? A\m-Zn-bn¬Xm]hpw kmµ-Xbpw ]mc-ay-X-bn-em-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ ]ns∂ Fßs\Ah ]mc-ay-X-bn-seØn? ]pd-Øp-\n-∂p≈ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Imc-W-amtWm? F¶n¬ F¥mWv B CS-s]-S¬? As√-¶n¬ A\m-Zn-bn-en-√mØ kmµ-Xbpw Xm]hpw BZn-]-Zm¿Y-Øn¬ ]ns∂ Fß-s\-bp-≠mbn? F∂mWv BZysØ s]mń-sØ-dn-bp-≠m-bXv? F¥p-sIm≠vAXn\p apºm-bn√? F¥p-sIm≠v tij-am-bn√? H∂m-bn-cp∂ kqcy\pw`qanbpw c≠m-bXv F∂v? F¥p-sIm≠v AXn\p aptºm tijtamBbn√? CØcw \nc-h[n tNmZy-ßƒ°v Ct∂mfw ùXn-I-hm-Zn-Iƒadp-]Sn \¬In-bn-ń√. \¬Im-s\m´p km[y-hp-a√.

Cu ]]©w hfsc hyh-ÿm-]n-Xhpw Iam-\p-kr-X-hp-am-sW∂vGhcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. temI-L-S-\-bn-seßpw XnI™ Xmssf-Iyhpw IrXy-Xbpw IWn-i-Xbpw ]I-S-amWv. hy‡-amb bp‡n-bp-sSbpw Db¿∂ Bkq-X-W-Øn-s‚bpw \nXy \nZ¿i-\-amWo ]]©w.a\p-jys‚ Ahÿ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬Xs∂ C°mcyw B¿°pw t_m[y-amIpw. \mw Pohn-°p∂ temIØv Adp-\qdp tImSn-tbmfw a\p-jy-cp≠v.F√m-hcpw izkn-°p∂ hmbp H∂mWv. IpSn-°p∂ sh≈hpw H∂p-Xs∂. Ign-°p∂ Blm-c-Ønepw ]I-S-amb A¥-c-an√. F∂n´pw Adp-\qdp tImSn a\p-jy¿°v Adp-\qdp tImSn apJw. \sΩ-t∏m-ep≈ as‰m-cmsf temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw ImWpI km[y-a√. \ΩpsS X≈-hn-c¬ FXsNdnb Ah-b-h-amWv. F∂n´pw Adp-\qdp tImSn a\p-jy-cn-sem-cmƒ°pw\Ωp-tS-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp ssIhn-c-en√. acn-®p-t]mb tImSm-\p-tIm-Sn-°p-an√. P\n-°m-\n-cn-°p∂ tImSm-\p-tIm-Sn-Iƒ°v D≠m-hp-I-bp-an√.\ΩpsS Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw Xe-bn¬ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v apSn-bp≠v.F∂m¬ temI-Ønse Adp-\qdp tImSn Xe-bnse AkwJyw tImSnapSn-I-fn-sem∂p t]mepw \ΩpsS apSn-t]m-se-bn√. Ah-km-\sØUn.F≥.F. ]cn-tim-[-\-bn¬ \Ωp-tSXv Xncn-®-dn-bpI Xs∂ sNøpw.\Ωp-sS-sbms° knc-I-fn¬ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v c‡-Øp-≈n-Iƒ Hgp-In-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p. Adp-\qdp tImSn-bpsS knc-I-fnse tImSm-\p-tImSn c‡-Øp-≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw \Ωp-tSXv hyXy-kvX-asX. \ΩpsSico-c-Øns‚ K‘w t]mepw a‰p-≈-h-cp-tS-Xn¬\n∂v `n∂-asX. CX-tbsd AZv p-X-I-chpw Bkq-Xn-Xhpw hyh-ÿm-]n-Xhpw IWn-i-hp-ambAh-ÿ-bn¬ \msams° Bbn-Øo¿∂Xv tIhew bmZr-On-I-Xbpw]Zm¿Y-Øns‚ ]cn-Wm-ahpw Ne-\hpw aqehp-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv H´pwbp‡n-\n-jvTtam _p≤n-]q¿htam A√. AXv ]c-am-_-≤-am-sW∂v Al-¥-bm¬ A‘X _m[n-°m-Ø-h-sc√mw AwKo-I-cn°pw. Adp-\qdp tImSna\p-jy¿°v AXbpw apJ-`m-hhpw ssIhn-c-ep-Ifpw K‘hpw Xe-ap-Snbpw c‡-Øp-≈n-Ifpw a‰pw \¬In-bXv k¿h-i-‡\pw k¿h-⁄\pw


bp‡n-am-\p-amb i‡n-bm-sW∂v AwKo-I-cn-°epw hniz-kn-°-ep-amWv_p≤n-]q¿hIw. B i‡n-bsX ]]-©-k-jvSm-hmb ssZhw.

]]-©-Øn¬ ]pXp-Xm-sbm-∂p-ap-≠m-hn-s√∂v ]Zm¿Y-hm-Zn-Iƒ ]d-bp∂p. ]pXp-Xmbn h√Xpw D≠m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXp-≠m-°n-bXv BcvF∂ tNmZy-ap-b-cp-at√m. F∂m¬ C∂p≈ Adp-\q-tdmfw tImSn a\p-jy¿°v _p≤nbpw t_m[hpw Adnhpw bp‡n-bp-ap≠v. Cu _p≤nbpwt_m[hpw Adnhpw bp‡n-bp-sams° Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? hnkvt^m-S-\-Øn\p apºp≈ BZn-]-Zm¿Yw CsXm-s°bpw Dƒs°m-≠n-cpt∂m?F¶n¬ A\m-Zn-bn¬ B ]Zm¿Y-Øns‚ _p≤nbpw t_m[hpw Adnhpwbp‡nbpw AXn-cp-I-fn-√m-ØX Bbn-cn-°nt√? At∏mƒ AtN-X\]Zm¿Yw CX-tbsd k¿h-⁄\pw bp‡n-⁄-\p-am-hp-Itbm?

AXn-\m¬ Adp-\qdp tImSn a\p-jy¿°v Adnhpw t_m[hpw_p≤nbpw bp‡nbpw \¬In-bXv AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØ Adn-hn-s‚bpwt_m[-Øn-s‚bpw bp‡n-bp-sSbpw DS-a-bmb k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZh-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°epw AwKo-I-cn-°-ep-amWv \ymbhpw icnbpw. kXy-k-‘hpw hnth-I-]q¿h-I-hp-amb kao-]-\hpw AXp-Xs∂.

A\m-Zn-bmb H∂p≠v; D≠mtb Xocq-sh∂v Ghcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. AXv AtN-X-\-amb ]Zm¿Y-am-sW∂v uXn-I-hm-Zn-Ifpw, k¿h-i-‡\pw k¿h-⁄-\p-amb ssZh-am-sW∂v aX-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ]d-bp∂p.A\m-Zn-bmb, AYhm XpS-°-an-√mØ H∂ns\ kw_-‘n®v, AXns\Bcp-≠m°n; Fß-s\-bp-≠mbn XpS-ßnb tNmZy-ßƒ H´pw ]k-‡-a-s√∂Xpw kpk-Ω-X-amWv. A\m-Zn-bmb BZn-]-Zm¿YsØ Bcp-≠m-°n-sb∂ tNmZyw A]-k-‡-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-h¿ Xs∂ A\m-Zn-bmbssZhsØ Bcp-≠m-°n-sb∂v tNmZn-°p-∂Xv A¿Y-iq-\yhpw A_-≤-]q¿W-hp-asX.

]Zm¿Y \njvT-amb H∂pw Hcp \n¿am-Xm-hn-√msX D≠m-hp-I-bn-√.AXn-\m¬ ]Zm¿Y-\n¿an-X-amb ]]-©-Øn\v Hcp kjvSmhv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ]Zm¿Y-]-c-am-b-Xns‚ \nb-ahpw Ah-ÿbpw ]Zm¿Ym-Xo-X-am-b-Xn\p _m[-I-a-√. ssZhw ]Zm¿Ym-Xo-X-\m-Wv. AXn-\m¬]Zm¿Y-\n-jvT-amb ]]-©-Øns‚ \nb-ahpw am\-Z-WvUhpw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n ]Zm¿Ym-Xo-X-\mb ssZhsØ Bcp krjvSn-®p-sh∂ tNmZywXo¿Øpw A]-k-‡-a-sX.

A\m-Zn-bmb, Bcw-`-an-√mØ, Fs∂∂pw D≈-Xmb H∂p-≠mtbXocq-sh-∂Xv A\n-tj-[yhpw k¿h-k-Ω-X-hp-amWv. AXmWv k¿h-i-‡\pw ]]-©-ß-fp-sS-sbms° kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-\p-amb ssZhw.

3 5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

aq∂v

Ckvemapw Aù-XnI ⁄m\hpw

""temIØv B¿°pw Xs‚ `mhnsb kw_-‘n®v H∂pw Adn-bp-I-bn-s√∂v Xm¶ƒ BapJ mj-W-Øn¬ ]d™p. F∂m¬ P\-\-k-a-bsØ\£-X-L-S-\-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ PmX-I- ew ]h-Nn-°m-dp-≠t√m.]apJ tPymXn-jn-am-cpsS ]h-N-\-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw bmYm¿Yy-am-hm-dp≠v. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v F¥p ]d-bp∂p?''

\ΩpsS P\\-Øo-b-Xnbpw cmhpw cminbpw \£-X-hp-sams° Adn-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ `mhn-bn-se¥p kw`-hn-°p-sa∂v a\- n-em-°m-sa∂[mcW kaq-l-Øn¬ hfsc hym]-I-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p≠v. \ΩpsS\mń¬ Zn\w-]Xn ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\pw e£-°-W-°n\pw ]Xn-Iƒhn‰-gn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]X-ßƒ ]eXpw "Cu BgvN \ap-s°¥v kw`-hn°p'-sa∂v ]Xn-hmbn \tΩmSv ]d-™p-X-cm-dp-≠t√m. Hmtcm hmcm-¥y-Ønepwhcpw-hm-c-Øn¬ h∂p- -hn-t®-°m-hp∂ kw -h-ßsf kw_-‘n® hnhcwe`n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv AXn-a-l-Ømb t\´w Xs∂. A\m-h-iy-amb Bi-¶-I-sfm-gn-hm-°m\pw ]m]n-°m-\m-hmØ ]Xo-£-Iƒ h®p-]p-e¿Øm-Xn-cn-°m\pw Icp-X-temsS Imcy-ßƒ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ign-bp-at√m. F∂m¬ \£-X-^-e-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ `mhn Adn-bm-\m¿°pw km[y-a-s√-∂-XmWv kXyw. \ΩpsS cmPysØ ap≥]-[m-\-a-¥n-bmb Cµn-cm-Km-‘n°v P\-\-Øo-b-Xnbpw cmhpw cminbpw \£-X-hp-sams° Adn-bm-am-bn-cp∂p. tPym’y-∑msc ÿnc-ambn ImWm-dp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. F∂n´pw kz¥w AwK-c-£-Is‚ shSn-tb‰v acn-°p-sa∂vAhsc Bcpw Adn-bn-®n-√t√m. cmPo-hvKm-‘n-bpsS Ah-ÿbpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp-∂n√. Xan-gv\m-ń¬h®v t_mw_v kvt^mS-\-Øn¬ ac-W-a-S-bp-sa∂v ]h-Nn-°m≥ Hcmƒ°pw km[n-®n√. Bcpw Aß-s\-sbmcpImcyw At±-l-tØmSp ]d-™-Xp-an√. emØq-cnse ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v Bfp-Iƒ°v P\-\-Øo-b-Xnbpw a‰p hni-Zmw-i-ß-fp-a-dn-bm-am-bn-cp∂p. PmXIw Xøm-dm-°p∂ tPymXn-jn-am¿ t]mepw Ah-cn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p. F∂n´pw `qI-º-sØ-∏‰n B¿°pw ap∂-dn-hp-≠m-bn√ F∂-XmWt√m hkvXpX. PmXIw t\m°n `mhn a\- n-em-°m-am-bn-cp-s∂-


¶n¬ Cß-s\-sbm∂pw kw`-hn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√.]n.sP.Fkv. Knbm\n, ]n.sI. NI-h¿Øn, PK-PnXv D∏¬, cma≥X-

°m¿, ameXn kn¿kn-°m¿ XpS-ßnb ]ikvX tPym’y-∑m-cpsS ]am-Z-amb ]e ]h-N-\-ßfpw ]pe¿∂n- n-s√-∂-Xn\v A\p- hw km£n-bmWv.HºXmw temIv-k`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ cmPo-hvKm‘n A[n-Im-c-Øn¬hcp-sa∂v D∏¬ ]h-Nn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw AXv ]pe¿∂n√. Kƒ v bp≤-Øns‚ Hcp Znhkw apºv ASp-sØm∂pw AXp-≠m-hn-s√∂v ]h-Nn®]ikvX tPym’y-\mWv _P≥`-dp-hme. ]t£, ]mfn-t∏mb CØcw]h-N-\-ß-sf-∏‰n ]n∂oSv ]ecpw hnkva-cn-°m-dmWv ]Xnhv. AtX-k-abw, h√-t∏mgpw HØp-h-cn-Itbm hymJym-\n®v H∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp∂]h-N-\-ßsf kw_-‘n®v hym]-I-amb ]Nm-cWw \S-Øp-IbpwsNøp∂p. t`m∏m-ense hmX-I-Zp-c-¥-sØ-°p-dnt®m _w•m-tZ-inse e£-ß-fpsS ac-W-Øn-\n-S-bm-°nb sImSp-¶m-‰ns\ kw_-‘nt®m Zpc¥whmcn-hn-X-dnb Cdm-\nse `qI-º-sØ-∏-‰ntbm ap∂-dnhv \¬Im≥ HcptPym’y∂pw \£-X-^-e-°m-c∂pw IW-°p-t\m-´-°m-c∂pw ]h-N-\-°m-c∂pw km[n-®n-ń-s√-∂-XmWv kXyw.

A⁄X, A‘-hn-izmkw, `mhn Adn-bm-\p≈ AZ-ay-amb A`n-hmRvO CsXms° HØp-tN-cp-tºmƒ Bfp-Iƒ `mhn ]d-™p-X-cp-∂-hsc ]Xo-£m-]q¿hw kao-]n-°p∂p. hnZym-k-º-∂cpw _p≤n-Po-hn-IfpwimkvX-⁄cpw kmwkvIm-cnI \mb-I-∑mcpw c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sam∂pwCXn¬\n-s∂m-gn-h√. AXn-\m-e-h¿ Nne-cn¬ Aù-Xn-I-amb Adn-hp-Iƒ Btcm-]n-°p∂p. Znhy-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ Is≠-Øp∂p. `mhn ]h-Nn-°m≥ ]m]vX-sc∂v Ahsc ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. F∂m¬ ]]-©-k-jvSm-hmb ssZh-Øn-\-√msX B¿°pw Aù-XnI Imcy-ß-f-dn-bp-I-bn√. `mhn-bn¬ F¥p-\-S-°p-sa∂v Is≠-Øm-\m-hn√. Ckvemw C°m-cyw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. AI-e-Øp≈ AØn-hr-£-Øn¬ ]g-an-s√∂v a\- n-em°m≥ km[n-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ tbipinjysc AXns‚ ASp-tØ°v Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]mbn. Xs‚ ]nb-]Xv\nBC-i-s°-Xnsc A]-hm-Zm-tcm-]-W-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ AXv A∏msS I≈-am-sW∂v Is≠-Øm≥ apl-ΩZv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n°v Ign-™n√. ]n∂oSv,Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-I-fp-≠m-b-t∏m-gmWv hkvXpX hy‡-am-bXv. iocm-a≥,Imń¬ h®v P\n-®p-h-f¿∂ kz¥w k¥m-\-ß-fmb eh-Ip-i-∑m¿ Xs‚apºn¬ h∂v cma-N-cnXw sNm√n-b-t∏mƒ Ahsc Xncn-®-dn-™n√. ]nb-]Xv\n e¶-bn-em-bn-cns° At±-l-Øn\v Aam-\p-jn-I- am¿K-Øn-eqsSAhsc Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-™n√. ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°pw ]pWy-]p-cp-j-∑m¿°p-sam-∂pw-Xs∂ Aù-XnI Imcy-ß-f-dn-bn-s√∂pw mhn-bn-se¥pkw`-hn-°p-sa∂v ap≥Iqń Is≠-Øm-\m-hn-s√∂pw Cu hkvXp-X-Iƒkwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn hy‡-am-°p∂p.

Imcy-Im-c-W -_-‘-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn Aù-XnI Imcy-ßƒ ssZh-Øn-\-√msX a‰m¿°pw Adn-bn-s√-∂Xv Ckvem-anse Cuiz-c-hn-izm-k-

3 7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-asX. Jp¿-B≥ C°mcyw Du∂n-∏-d-™n-´p≠v:""]d-bpI: A√mlp A√msX BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-em-cpw-Xs∂ Aù-

XnI Imcy-ß-f-dn-bp-∂n√.''(27: 65)""\_ntb, ]d-bpI: Fs‚ hiw ssZh-Øns‚ JP-\m-hp-I-fp-s≠∂v

Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv ]d-bp-∂n√. Rm≥ Aù-XnI Imcy-ßƒ Adn-bp-∂p-an√.''(6: 50)

\ΩpsS ImeØpw temI-Øp-sa-∂-t]mse Aù-XnI am¿tKW]pWy-hm-f-∑m¿°v Znhy-⁄m-\-ap-s≠∂ aqV-[m-cW Ncn-X-Øn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ F√m ssZh-Zq-X-∑mcpwB [mcW Xncp-Øm\pw AØcw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°v Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øm\pw ian-®n-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬ ssZh-Zq-X-\mb Xm\pƒs∏sSB¿°pw Aù-Xn-I-⁄m-\-an-s√∂v Ah-sc√mw Du∂n-∏-d-™n-cp∂p.ssZh-Zq-X-\mb \qlv Xs‚ P\-X-tbmSv ]d™p: ""A√m-lp-hns‚ JP-\m-hp-Iƒ Fs‚ ssIh-i-ap-s≠∂v Rm≥ \nß-tfm-ShImi-s∏-Sp-∂n√.F\n°v Aù-Xn-I-⁄m-\-ap-s≠∂pw Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂n√.''(11: 31)

AXn-\m¬ Imcy-Im-c-W- _-‘-ßƒ°-Xo-X-amb Aù-Xn-I-⁄m\wssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿t°m ]pWy-]p-cp-j-∑m¿t°m K-hm-∑m-sc-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿t°m tPym’y-∑m¿t°m IW-°p-t\m-´-°m¿t°m a‰m¿s°-¶n-eptam C√. Ds≠∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Xo¿Øpw hymP-amWv. \£-X-^-ehpw tPym’y-]-h-N-\-hp-sa√mw sX‰pw XnI™ A‘-hn-izm-k-hp-asX.

\£-X-êw hymPhpw sImSnb Xń-∏p-am-sW∂v kzman Zbm-\-µ-k-c-kzXn Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn- p≠v. tNmtZym-Ø-c -cq-]-Øn¬C°mcyw Cßs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p:

]iv\w: cmPm-°-∑mcpw ]P-Ifpw AS-ßnb Cu temI-Øn¬ Nne¿kpJ-ap-≈-h-cmbpw Nne¿ ZpxJ-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xmbpw ImW-s∏-Sp∂p.AsX√mw Kl-ÿn-Xn-bpsS ê-at√?

DØcw: AsX√mw ]pWy-]m-]-ß-fpsS ê-amWv.]iv\w: tPymXn-»mkvXw tIhew If-hmtWm?DØcw: A√. B imkvX-Øn-e-¥¿`-hn® A¶-K-WnXw, tcJm-K-

WnXw, _oP-K-WnXw apX-emb KWn-X-`m-K-ß-sf√mw icn-bm-bn-´p-≈-XmWv. ê-`mKw apgp-h≥ ip≤-hym-P-amWv.

]iv\w: P∑-]Xw (PmXIw) Xosc \njv^-e-am-bn-´p-≈-XmtWm?DØcw: AsX, AXn\p P∑-]-X-sa-∂√, timI-]Xw F∂mWv

t]¿ ]d-tb-≠Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬ k¥m\w D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ kIe P\-ßƒ°pw B\µw D≠m-Im-dp≠v. F∂m¬ B B\µw k¥m-\-Øns‚PmXIw FgpXn Kl-ß-fpsS ew ]d™p tIƒ°p-∂-Xp-hsc amXta\ne-\n¬°p-∂p≈q. PmX-Iw Fgp-Xn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v tPym’y≥ ]d-bp-tºmƒ Ipń-bpsS ANvO-\-Ω-am¿ tPym’y-t\mSv ""hfsc hnti-j-s∏´ PmX-I-am-bn-cn-°Ww Fgp-Xp-∂Xv'' F∂p ]d-bp∂p. ]d-t™¬]n-


®Xv [\n-I-\m-sW-¶n¬ NpI∂ \nd-Ønepw a™-\n-d-Øn-ep-ap≈ hc-Iƒ sIm≠pw NnX-ßƒsIm≠pw tamSn-]n-Sn-∏n®pw Zcn-Z-\m-sW-¶n¬km[m-cW kº-Zm-b-Ønepw Hcp PmXIw Fgp-Xn-bp-≠m°n tPym’y≥AXv hmbn®p tIƒ∏n-°m≥ hcp∂p. At∏mƒ Ipń-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ tPym’y\p apºn-en-cp∂p tNmZn-°p∂p: ""Chs‚ PmXIw \√-Xp-X-s∂-bt√?'' tPym’y≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""D≈Xp apgp-h≥ ]d™ptIƒ∏n-t®°mw. Chs‚ P∑-K-l-ßfpw anX-K-l-ßfpw ip`-ß-fm-Ip∂p. AXns‚ e-ambn Ch≥ henb [\n-I\pw Io¿Øn-am\pw Bbn-Øocpw. GXp k`-bn¬ IS-∂n-cp-∂mepw Chs‚ tXP v a‰p-≈-h-cp-tS-Xn-t\-°mƒ anI-®p-\n¬°pw. ico-c-Øn\p \√ Btcm-Ky-ap-≈-h\pwcmPm-°-∑m-cm¬ IqSn _lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw Bbn-Øocpw.'' CuamXncn hm°p-Iƒ tI´v Ipń-bpsS ANvO-\-Ω-am¿ ]dbpw: ""\√Xv.\√Xp tPym’ytc; Aßv hfsc \√ Hcm-fmWv.'' F∂m¬ CXp-sIm-s≠m∂pw Xs‚ Imcyw km[n-°p-I-bn-s√∂v tPym’y-∂-dnbmw. AXp-sIm≠v tPym’y≥ ]ns∂bpw ]d-bp∂p: ""Cu ]d™ Kl-ß-sf√mwhfsc tim`-\-ßƒ Xs∂-bmWv. F∂m¬ Cu ip`-K-l-ßƒ thsd -Nne Iqc-K-l-ß-tfmSp IqSn-t®¿∂m-Wn-cn-°p-∂Xv. AXp-\n-anØw CuIpń°v F´m-asØ hb- n¬ arXyp-tbmKw D≠v.'' CXp tIƒ°p-tºm-tg°pw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ]pX-P-\-\w-sIm-≠p-≠mb B\-µ-sa√mw ]cn-Xy-Pn®v k¥m-]-k-ap-Z-Øn¬ apßn tPym’y-t\mSv ]d-bp∂p: ""tPym-’ytc, C\n Rßƒ F¥mWv sNtø-≠Xv?'' tPym’y≥ ]d-bp∂p:""AXn\p h√ ]cn-lm-chpw sNøWw.'' ]cn-lmcw F¥m-sW∂v Krl-ÿ≥ tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ tPym’y≥ ho≠pw ]d™p XpS-ßp∂p: ""Zm\-ßƒ sImSp-°Ww. Kl-im-¥n-°p≈ a¥-ßƒ P]n-°Ww. Znh-kw-tXmdpw _m“-Wsc Im¬I-gp-In®v Du´Ww. Cß-s\-sb√mw sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬ Kl-∏n-g-I-sf√mw Xocp-sa-∂mWv A\p-am-\n-t°-≠Xv.''tPym’y≥ ChnsS A\p-am-\-i_vZw ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv hfsc ap≥I-cp-X-tem-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv. Hcp]t£, Ipń acn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-bm¬ Abmƒ]dbpw: ""Rßƒ F¥p sNøpw? ]c-ta-iz-c-\p -tase Bcpw C√. R-ßƒ hfsc ]bXv\w sNbvXp-t\m°n. \nßƒ ]eXpw sNøn®p.]t£, Ahs‚ I¿a-êw Aß-s\-bmWv.'' Ipń Pohn-°p-I-bmWvsNbvX-sX-¶n¬ At∏mgpw Abmƒ°v Cßs\ ]dbmw: "" t\m°pI,Rß-fpsS a¥-ß-fp-sSbpw Rßƒ D]m-kn-°p∂ tZh-X-am-cp-sSbpw_m“-W-cp-sSbpw i‡n FX hep-XmWv. \nß-fpsS Ipńsb c£n-®p-X-∂nt√?'' hmkvX-h-Øn¬ P]w sIm≠p ê-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-s√-¶n¬ B [q¿Ø-∑m-cpsS ssIbn¬\n∂v Ah¿°v sImSp-Ø-Xns‚ct≠m -aqt∂m Ccń ]Ww aS-°n-hm-tß-≠-XmWv. Ipń Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bmepw Aßs\ aS°ntaSn-°pI Xs∂-bmWv th≠Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬, "AXv Ahs‚ I¿a-^-e-amWv. Cuiz-cs‚ \nb-asØ ewLn-°p-hm≥ B¿°pw i‡n-bn√' F∂p tPymXnjn ]d-bp-∂-t]mse

3 9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Ahs‚ I¿a-^-ehpw Cuiz-cs‚ \nb-a-hp-amWv Ahs\ c£n-®Xv;\nß-fpsS ]hrØn-b√ F∂v Krl-ÿ\v Abm-tfmSpw ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wt√m. Zm\-ßfpw a‰p ]pWy-I¿a-ßfpw A\p-jvTn-∏n®p ]Xn-K-lw- hm-ßn-bn´p≈ Kpcp apX-em-b-h-tcmSpw tPym’y-t\mSv ]d-™-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ ]d-tb-≠-XmWv.(kXym¿Y-]-Imiw, Bcy-]m-tZ-inI]Xn-\n[n k`, ]©m_v. ]pdw: 45-˛47)

tPymXn-j-Øns‚ \nc¿Y-IX hy‡-am-°m-\mbn kzman hnth-Im-\-µ≥ Hcp IY D≤-cn-°p∂p: ""Hcp tPymXnjn Hcp cmPm-hns‚ ASp-°¬ sN∂v At±lw Bdp amk-Øn-\p-≈n¬ acn-°p-sa∂v ]h-Nn®p.AXp-tI´p `b∂ cmPmhv At∏mƒXs∂ acn-°p-sa∂ \ne-bn-embn.At∏mƒ a¥n Ahn-sS-sbØn "tPymXn-jn-Iƒ s]mXpsh hnUvVn-I-fm-sW∂pw Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xn-s√'∂pw ]d™v cmPm-hns\ Biz-kn-∏n-°m≥ t\m°n-sb-¶nepw ên-®n√. At∏mƒ a¥ntPymXn-jn-tbmSv "cmPm-hns‚ acWw ]h-Nn-®Xv icn Xs∂tbm' F∂vH∂p-IqSn tNmZn-®p. ho≠pw KWn-®-Xn\v tijw tPymXnjn Xs‚ ]h-N-\-Øn-ep-d-®p-\n-∂p. DSs\ a¥n tPymXn-jn-tbmSv "\nßƒ Ft∏m-gmWv acn-°p-I'-sb∂v tNmZn®p. "]¥-≠p-sIm√w Ign-™m¬' F∂vadp-]Sn. AXp-tI-´-bp-Ss\ a¥n hmsf-SpØp hoin B tPymXn-jnsbshń-s°m∂p. F∂n v cmPm-hn-t\mSp ]d™p: "Atß-°n-t∏mƒ t_m[y-am-bt√m, Ah≥ I≈-\m-sW∂v. Cu \nanjw Xs∂ Ah≥ NØp-ht√m.''(hnth-Im\µ kmln-Xy-k¿hkzw, hm. 4, ]pdw 87)

kzman hnth-Im-\-µ≥ Xs∂ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""hn[n-sb-∏‰n ]pe-ºn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv ]mbw IqSn-h-cp-∂-h-cmWv. bph-P-\-ßƒ ]mtbWtPymXn-jsØ Bi-bn-°m-dn√. Kl-ßƒ \ΩpsS ta¬ ]m`hw]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠mhmw. F∂m¬ \mw AXn-\X ]m[m\yw I¬]n-°m≥ ]mSn√.... tPymXn¿K-W-ßƒ h∂p-sIm-≈s´; AXp-sIm-s≠¥ptZmjw? Hcp \£-X-Øn\v Xmdp-am-dm-°m-hp-∂-XmWv Fs‚ Pohn-X-sa-¶n¬ AsXmcp Imin\p hne-]n-Sn-∏p-≈-X√. tPymXn-jhpw AXp-t]m-ep≈ KqV-hn-Zy-Ifpw ]mtbW Zp¿_-e-a-\- ns‚ Nn”-ß-fm-sW∂v\nßƒ-°-dn-bm-\mIpw. AXn-\m-eh \ΩpsS a\- n¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-°m≥XpS-ßn-bm¬ DS≥ \mw Hcp sshZys\ ImWp-Ibpw \√ BlmcwIgn-°p-Ibpw hni-an-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-XmWv''(AtX ]pkvXIw, ]pdw86).

GI-ssZ-h-Øn-\-√msX a‰m¿°pw Aù-Xn-I-Im-cy-ß-f-dn-bp-I-bn-s√-∂Xv Ie¿∏n-√mØ ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-asX.Ckvemw A°mcyw Du∂n-∏-d-bm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂.


\mev

ssZhm-h-Xmcw kXytam anYytbm?

""Ah-Xm-c-k-¶¬]sØ Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-s√∂v Xm¶ƒ ]d-™p-ht√m. ssZhw hnhn[ cqt]W Ah-X-cn-°p-sa∂ hnizmkw Ckvem-an∂v hncp-≤-amtWm?''

Ckvem-anI ho£-W-Øn¬ ssZhw GI-\mWv, A\m-Zn-bmWv, A\-¥-\mWv, AZr-iy-\mWv, Acq-]n-bmWv, AXp-ey-\mWv, Ak-Zr-i-\mWv,Ahn-`m-Py-\mWv, P\n-ar-Xn-Iƒ°-Xo-X-\mWv. F∂m¬ ssZhm-h-Xm-c-sa∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bvs°√mw P\-\-ap≠v, ac-W-ap≠v, cq]-ap≠v,ÿe-Im-e-hp-ambn _‘-ap≠v, ]cn-[n-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-ap≠v. ssZhwCXn-s\√mw AXo-X-\sX. AXn-\m¬ Ckvemw Ah-Xmc k¶¬]sØA\p-Iq-en-°p-∂n-s√∂p amX-a√, i‡-am-sb-Xn¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

F∂m¬ Ckvemw amX-a√ AXns\ FXn¿°p-∂Xv. sslµ-h-th-Z-Z¿i-\hpw Ah-Xm-c-k-¶¬]-Øn-s\-Xn-cmWv. AXv lnµp-aX hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mK-ta-b√, ]n¬°m-eØv Iqń-t®¿°-s∏-´-XmWv.

ssZhw a\p-jy-i-coc cq]-a-Wn-bp-∂-h-\m-sW∂ hnizm-ksØ Kh-XvKoX i‡-am-sb-Xn¿°p∂p:

""Ah-Pm-\-¥n amw aqVmx am\pjow X\paminXw]cw `mhaPm-\t¥m aa- `qXatl-izcw.tamLmim tamL-I¿amtWm tamL-⁄m\m hntN-Xkxcm£-koamkqcow ssNh ]IrXnw tamln\ow inXmx''

(`qX-ß-fpsS atl-iz-c-s\∂ ]c-a-amb Fs‚ mhsØ Adn-bmØ aqV-∑m¿ Fs∂ am\p-jn-I-amb ico-csØ Bi-bn-®-h-\mbn \nµn°p∂p.Aßs\ Fs∂ [cn-°p-∂-h-cpsS Bi-Ifpw Ah¿ sNøp∂ I¿a-ßfpw Ah¿°p≈ ⁄m\hpw \njv^-e-ß-fmWv. Ah¿ Ahn-th-In-Ifpw a\- ns\ tamln-∏n-°p∂ cm£-k-]-Ir-Xn-sbbpw Akp-c-]-Ir-Xn-sbbpw Bi-bn-®p-≈-h-cm-Ip∂p.) (A[ymbw 9, cmP-hn-Zym-cmP Kply-tbmKw, t«mIw: 11, 12)

\ΩpsS cmPyØv ssZhm-h-Xm-c-ß-fmbn KWn®v Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp∂

4 1kvt\l-kw-hmZw

_“mhv, hnjvWp, inh≥, iocm-a≥, ioIr-jvW≥ F∂n-h-sc-°p-dn®v ]apJ thZ-]-fin-X-\mb hmK-v`-Sm-\-µ -Kpcp Fgp-Xp∂p:

""krjvSn-ÿn-Xy¥Ic-Wow _“-hnjvWp inhm-flnImwk kw⁄mw bmXn K-hm-t\I Gh atl-izcx (hnjvWp-]p-cmWw

1˛ 2˛ 66).A¿Yw: krjvSn ÿnXn kwlm-c-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v GI-

\mb Cuiz-cs\ _“m-sh∂pw hnjvWp-sh∂pw inh≥ F∂pw hnfn-°p∂p. CXp-sIm≠v ]ucm-Wn-I-∑m-cpsS CS-bnepw GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-am-Wp-≈-sX∂v A\m-bm-tk\ Kln-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

"kXyw Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶nepw ]ucm-Wn-I-∑m¿ XpSßn CXp-h-sc-bp≈ _lp-P-\-ßƒ _“m-Zn-Isf sht∆sd Cuiz-c-∑m-cmbn hniz-kn-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠t√m! CXn\p ]c-am-Wp-Km-b-am-bn-s´-¶nepw h√ Imc-Whpw Dt≠m, Ds≠-¶n¬ AXv F¥m-bn-cn°pw F∂p tNmZn-°p∂p.F¶n¬ Rm≥ Ipd-s™mcp kam-[m\w ]dbmw. ]≠v _“mhv, hn-jvWp, inh≥ F∂pw a‰pw Nne a\p-jy¿ D≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah-sc√mwaX-hm-Zn-Ifpw _p≤-a-X-]-Nm-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn DS-™p-X-I¿∂p-t]mb]utcm-lnXy ]`m-h-t°m-´-bpsS ]p\-cp-≤m-c-W-Øn-∂mbn ssIbp-b¿Øn NmSn-∏p-d-s∏´ hoc-ho-c-∑mcpw Bbn-cp∂p. Ch-cpsS CS-bn¬_“mhv Ipsd \√ a\-ÿn-Xn-bp≈ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p F∂p hniz-kn°mw.At±lw Xs‚ aXw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Bbp[w D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂n√.AXm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn-\p≈ sshinjvSyw. hnjvWphpw inh\pwXß-fpsS aX-]-N-mc-W-Øn-∂mbn Ic-hmƒ, KZ, iqew apX-em-bh\njvI-cpWw D]-tbm-Kn®p. AXns‚ ê-am-bn´v Ah-cpsS aXw C¥y-bn¬ ]_-e-s∏´p. hnjvWp, hnIpWvT F∂ kvXobpsS aI\pw sshIp-WvT-s\∂v ]kn-≤-\p-am-Ip∂p. At±lw Bcy-h¿K-Øn¬ s]´ Hcp-h-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v hntcm-[-an√. n£m-in-bmbn k©-cn-®-Xp-sIm≠pw k¿∏-h-io-I-c-W-Øn¬ kmckyw Imń-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw "\ß' F∂ Ipd-h-kvXo-bpsS ]nXm-hm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pwaZy-]m-\-Øn¬ Bk-‡-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xp-sIm≠pw a‰pw"inh≥' Hcp Ipd-h-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂q-ln-°m≥ hgn-bp≠v. GXm-bmepwinhs‚ ss\th-ZysØ C∂pw _m“-W-Pm-Xn-°m¿ `£n-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v At±lw XmgvØ-s∏´ Hcp PmXn-bn¬ Dƒs∏´ Bfm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂Xv Xo¿® Xs∂. "_“m-hns‚ Igp-Ø-dpØ ]mXIw \nan-Ø-amWv _m“W PmXn-°m¿ inh-ss\-thZyw `£n-°m-ØXv' F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xp kzoIm-cy-a√. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ At\-Im-bncw P\-ß-fpsSKf-\mfw apdn®v P\m¿Z-\≥ F∂ t]¿ kºm-Zn-®-Xn\v ]pdsa amXr-lXym alm-]m-X-Ihpw IqSn sNbvX hnjvWp-hns‚ ss\thZyw ta¬Pm-Xn-°m¿ Bl-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? Cu hnjvWphpw inh\pw ]c-a-tZm-ln-I-fm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn-\p-]p-dsa At\ym-\y-a-’-cn-I-fp-am-bn-cp∂p.inh≥ _“-a-XsØ \njv]-bmkw DS-®n-cp∂p. _“m-hns‚ inc- -


‰p-t]mbn F∂ sFXn-ly-Øns‚ aqew AXmWv. _“-aXw XI¿∂p-t]m-I-bm¬ _“m-hns\ IpSn-sh-∏m\pw Bcm-[n-∏m\pw A[nIw t]cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. X∑qew At±lw A\m-cm-[y-tIm-Sn-bn¬ KWn-°-s∏´p.sshjvW-h-∑mcpw ssih-∑mcpw IqSp-X¬ D≠m-I-bm¬ hnjvWp-hn-s‚bpw inh-s‚bpw ac-W-tijw Ahsc kmZcw IpSn-h-bv°p-∂-Xn\pwBcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXy-[nIw kuI-cy-ap-≠mbn. C¥y-bn¬ hnjvWp-t£-X-ßfpw inh-t£-X-ßfpw [mcmfw Bhn¿`-hn-®-Xn\p ImcWwCXp-Xs∂. Bbp-[-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®p A\-h-cXw km[p-tZmlwsNbvXn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw At\ym\yw Ie-l-ßƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw a‰p ]e Imc-W-ßƒsIm≠pw inh-s‚bpw hnjvWp-hn-s‚bpwa\-ÿnXn teiw t]mepw D¬Ir-jvS-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v [cn-°p-hm≥_p≤n-bp≈ GXp a\p-jy∂pw Ffp-∏-am-Ip∂p. inhs‚ Zpxÿn-Xnsbshfn-hmbn Kln-°-W-sa-¶n¬ At±lw G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb imt‡-b-Øn-ep≈ hma-X¥w H∂p hmbn-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬ aXn. a\p-jysc DS-temsS\c-I-Øn¬ X≈n-hn-Sp∂ \·ßfpw _o -’-ß-fp-amb Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-fmWvAXn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. sshjvW-h -a-XsØ ]_-e-ambn ]N-cn-∏n-®-hsc hnjvWp-hns‚ Ah-Xm-c- ]p-cp-j-∑m-cm-°nbpw ssih-a-X-Øn\v ]m_eyw hcp-Øn-b-hsc inhs‚ ]pX-∑m-cm-°nbpw h¿Wn-°p-I-bmWv ]mtbW sNbvXp-Im-Wp-∂Xv. iocm-a\pw ioIr-jvW\pwa‰pw Ah-Xm-c -]p-cp-j-∑m-cm-bXpw KW-]-Xnbpw kp_-“-Wy\pw inh-kq-X-∑m-cm-bXpw Cu hgn-bn¬ IqSn-bm-Ip∂p.'' (hmKv -Sm-\-µs‚ kºq¿-W IrXn-Iƒ, amXr-`qan ]n‚nwKv B‚ v ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\n enan-‰Uv,tImgn-t°mSv. 1998 ]pdw 751˛-752)

hmKv`-Sm-\-µ -Kpcp Xs∂ C°mcyw kw`m-jW cqt]W Cßs\hy‡-am-°p∂p:

""cma≥: kvt\lnX, \nßƒ Cuiz-c-hn-izm-k-an-√msX Pohn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Rm≥ hyk-\n-°p∂p.

IrjvW≥: Rm≥ Cuiz-c-hn-izm-kn-b-s√∂v \nß-tfm-Sm-cmWv ]d-™Xv?

cma≥: Bsc-¶nepw ]d-™p-X-tc-Wtam? inh≥, hnjvWp, _“mhvXpS-ßnb kIm-c-aq¿Øn-Isf \ntj-[n®p ]kw-K-ßƒ \S-Øp∂\nßƒ Hcp `b-¶-c-\mb \nco-iz-c-\t√?

IrjvW≥: kvt\lnX, BIm-c-t -Z-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb inh\pw hnjvWp-hpw a‰pw Cuiz-c-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A`n-jn-‡-cm-Ip-∂-Xn\v A¿l-∑m-c-s√∂pw inhm-Zn-Isf krjvSn® k¿h-i-‡-\mWv Cuiz-c-s\∂pw hniz-kn-°p∂ Rm\-√tbm Cuiz-c-hn-izmkn? \iz-c-ßfpw Cuiz-c-kr-jvS-ß-fp-amb kmIm-c-h-kvXp-°sf Cuiz-c-∑m-sc∂v hniz-kn®pw XZ-\p-kmcw Bcm-[n®pw hcp∂ \nß-f-s√tbm [q¿Ø-∑m-cmb \nco-iz-c-∑m¿?

cma≥: B›cyw! B›cyw! kmIm-c-aq¿Øn-I-fmb inhm-Zn-Iƒ \iz-c-∑m-cmtWm? Fs¥m-c-[n-I-]-kw-K-am-WnXv? F\n-°n-sXm∂pw tIƒt°-

4 3kvt\l-kw-hmZw

≠.IrjvW≥: kvt\lnX, BIm-c-ap≈ F√m ]Zm¿Y-ßfpw \iz-c-

ß-fmWv. CXns‚ sXfn-hn∂v Hcp LS-sØ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ aXn. LSwBIm-c-ap-≈-Xm-Ip∂p, AXv \in-°p-∂-Xp-am-Ip∂p. Cu \nbaw ]c-amWp Imc-W-hm-Zn-Iƒ IqSn kΩ-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°n√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬Cu \nbaw Fhn-sSbpw _m[-I-am-Ip∂p. F∂m¬ kmIm-c-amb BLS-Øn\v Hcp I¿Ømhp IqSn thWw. A√msX LSw D≠m-hp-I-bn√. B I¿Øm-hmWv Ipi-h≥. AXp-t]mse inhm-Zn-Iƒ kmIm-c-∑m-cm-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿ \in-°p-∂-h¿Xs∂, kwi-b-an√. Ah-cpsS D¬]-Øn°v Hcp I¿Øm-hp-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v A\p-am-\n-°Ww. B I¿Øm-hsX Cuiz-c≥. "hnizky I¿Øm' F∂pw a‰pw thZ-ßƒ «mLn-°p-∂Xv B Cuiz-c-s\-bm-Ip∂p. XmZr-i-\mb Cuiz-cs\ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw P\n®p acn® inhm-Zn-Isf Cuiz-c-s\∂v hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI. AXmWv DNnXw. IY-bn-√msX h√Xpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw B aqV-hn-izm-ksØ Bt£-]n-°p∂ Zbm-im-en-Isf A[n-I-]-kw-Kn-I-sf∂v A[n-t£-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv kpP-\-X°v tbmPn-®-X√.

cma≥: IjvSw! IjvSw! inhm-Zn-Iƒ P\n®p acn-®-h-sct∂m! Fs¥m-cp [n°m-c-am-WnXv? Cßs\ Bsc-¶nepw ]d-bptam?

IrjvW≥: kvt\lnXm, inhm-Zn-Iƒ P\n-®-h-sc-¶n¬ acn-°p-I-bnt√?acn-®n-ń-s√-¶n¬ \mw ImtW-≠-Xp-amWv; Ah¿ kmIm-c-∑m-cm-Wt√m!Ah-sc-hnsS? F¥p-sIm≠v ImWp-∂n√?

cma≥: inh! inh! Ahsc \mw ImWp-Itbm?]m]n-I-fmb \ap°vAX `mKy-apt≠m? ]pWy-hm-f-∑m-cmb k÷-\-ßƒ°p amXta Ah-sc-°m-Wm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp≈q!

IrjvW≥: cmh-W≥ XpS-ßnb cm£-k-∑m-tc-°mƒ \mw ]m]n-I-fm-sWt∂m?

cma≥: AX√, cmh-Wm-Zn-Iƒ \c-l-Xybpw _“-l-Xybpw tZh-∑msc ASn-t®m-Sn-°pI F∂ ]m]-Ir-Xyhpw sNbvX tLmc-]m-]n-I-ft√? AX ]m]w \mw sNøp-∂n√. sNøp-I-bp-an√! cmh-Wm-Zn-I-tf-°mƒ \mw kpIrXw sNbvX-h-cm-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xpt≠m?

IrjvW≥: cmh-W\pw a‰pw inhm-Zn-Isf ]e-t∏mgpw ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bt√m. F∂p amX-a√, _mWm-kp-cs‚ tIm´-bn¬ Ipd-®p-Imewinh≥ Imh¬°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂nt√? BZysØ `mcy acn-®-Xn\p tijw]m¿h-Xn-sb∂ ae-bn-s∏-Æns\ At±lw IeymWw Ign-®nt√? Cßs\alm-]m-]n-I-fmb cm£-k-∑m¿°p IqSn inhs\ ImWm≥ amX-a√,`rXy-\m-°p-hm≥ IqSn km[n-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Hcp ae-bn-°p-d-Øn-s∏-Æn\vAt±-lsØ `¿Øm-hm°n hcn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ At±-lsØ \ap°v ]m]-i-‡n-bm¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv IY-tI-St√?


cma≥: inh≥ c≠m-aXpw IeymWw Ign-®Xv ae-b-Øn-s∏-Æn-s\-tbm? F¥m ]d-bp-∂Xv? A\m-h-iy-ambn Akw-_‘w ]d-bp-∂Xv tIƒ-°p-tºmƒ F\n°v tZjyw hf-cp∂p. th≠, th≠m-k\w ]d-b≠!

IrjvW≥: th≠m-k\w ]d-bp-I-b√. th≠ Bk\w ]d-bp-I-bmWv. ]m¿h-Xnsb inh≥ IeymWw Ign-®-Xmbn \nßƒ tIń- pt≠m?

cma≥: D∆v, tIń-´p≠v.IrjvW≥: ]m¿h-Xn-sb∂p h®m¬ Bcm-sW-∂mWv \nßƒ a\-

n-em-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv? ]¿hXw ae-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]m¿hXn ae-bnbt√?kwkvIr-X- m-j-bn¬ àn-°msX A¿Y-sam∂p Nn¥n-®p-t\m-°pI! amXw-K≥ F∂ ae-°p-d-hs‚ aI-fmb ]m¿h-Xn-sb∂ ae-bn-sb-°p-dn®v\nßƒ as‰mcp ]Imcw [cn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Cu \q‰m-≠n¬ Nne-hm-ImØ B [mc-Wm-t`-Zhpw sIm≠v ad-b-Øp-t]m-Ip-∂-XmWv \√Xv!IeymWw Ign®v a°-tfm-Sp-IqSn Aßs\-b-ßs\ Pohn®pw acn®pwaÆ-Sn™pw t]mb inhm-Zn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hnizmkw AIse X≈nimiz-X\pw \ncm-Im-c-\p-amb Cuiz-cs\ hniz-kn®p \√ a\p-jy-\mbnPohn-°m≥ t\m°q! Rß-tfmSv D]-tZ-in-∏m≥ hcp-∂Xv ]ns∂-bm-hs´''(hmKv-`-Sm-\-µs‚ kºq¿W IrXn-Iƒ. ]pdw 357-˛359)

iokzman Zbm-\-µ-k-c-kzXn Cu hnjbw tNmtZym-Ø-c- cq-]-Øn¬Cßs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p:

""]iv\w: Cuiz-c≥ Ah-Xmcw kzoI-cn-°p-∂pt≠m C√tbm?DØcw: C√, Fs¥-∂m¬ "AP -G-I-]mXv' (35-˛53), "k ]cyKmXv

ipIa-Imbw' (40˛-8) F∂p XpS-ßnb bPp¿th-Z- h-N-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v]c-ta-iz-c≥ P∑w sIm≈p-∂n-s√∂v a\- n-em-Ip-∂p≠v.

]iv\w: bZm bZm ln [¿aky •m\n¿`-hXn `mcX!A`yp-∞m\a[¿aky XZm-flm\w krPm-aylw.

(`K-h-XvKoX, A. 4, t«mIw 7)[¿a-Øn\v tem]w hcp-tºm-sg√mw Rm≥ icocw [cn-°p∂p F∂v

ioIr-jvW≥ ]d-bp-∂p-≠t√m?DØcw: thZ-hn-cp-≤-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v CXv ]am-W-am-Ip-∂n√. [¿am-

flmhpw [¿asØ c£n-°m≥ COn-°p-∂-h-\p-amb ioIr-jvW≥ "Rm≥bpKw-tXmdpw P∑w ssIs°m≠p injvS-P-\-ßsf ]cn-]m-en-°p-IbpwZpjvS-∑msc kwl-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw' F∂n-ßs\ BK-ln-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cn°mw. Aßs\ sNøp-∂-Xn¬ tZmj-sam-∂p-an√. Fs¥-∂m¬ "]tcm-]-Im-c-mb kXmw hn`q-Xbx'˛- k÷-\-ß-fpsS icocw, a\ v, [\wF∂n-h-sb√mw ]tcm-]-Im-c-Øn-\m-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wt√m. F∂mepw ioIr-jvW≥ CXp-sIm≠v Cuiz-c-\m-sW∂v hcp-hm≥ Xc-an√.

]iv\w: Cß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬, temI-Øn¬ Cuiz-cs‚ Ccp-]-Øn-\mev Ah-Xm-c-ß-fp-s≠∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xns\ Fß-s\-bmWv ssIs°m-≈p-∂Xv?

DØcw: thZ-Øns‚ A¿Yw Adn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw, kmº-

4 5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Zm-bn-I-∑m-cpsS h©-\-Iƒ°v hiw-h-Z-∑m-cm-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw Ah-c-h¿°v Adn-hn-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw A⁄m-X-am-Ip∂ he-bn¬ IpSp-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-amWv Cßs\ ]amW iq\y-ß-fmb hm°p-Iƒ]d-bp-Ibpw Ahsb hne-h-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv.

]iv\w: Cuiz-c≥ Ah-Xmcw sNøp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Iwk≥, cmh-W≥apX-emb ZpjvS-∑msc kwl-cn-∏m≥ Fßs\ km[n°pw?

DØcw: H∂m-aXv, P\n-®n-´p-≈-h-sc√mw \n›-b-ambpw acn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bn√. F∂p amX-a√, icocw ssIs°m≠v Ah-X-cn-°msX Xs∂PK-Øns‚ krjvSn˛ÿnXn˛kwlm-c-ßƒ \S-Øp∂ Cuiz-cs‚ ap-ºn¬ Iwk≥, cmh-W≥ apX-em-b-h¿ tIhew Hcp Iran-tbmSv kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ø-°-h¿ t]mep-a√. At±lw k¿hhym-]n-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠vIwk-cm-h-Wm-Zn-I-fpsS ico-c-ß-fnepw IpSn-\n-d-™n-cn-°p-∂-h-\mWv.COn-°p∂ £W-Øn¬Xs∂ Ah-cpsS amdv ]nf¿∂v Ahsc sIm∂p-I-f-bm≥ At±-l-Øn\p Ignbpw. FÆ-a‰ KpW-˛I¿a˛ kz`m-h-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]c-ta-iz-c≥ Hcp £pZ-P-¥p-hns\ sIm√p-hm-\mbn P\-\-a-c-W-ß-fp-≈-h-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-sh∂p ]d-bp∂ a\p-jys\ hnUvVn-tbm-S-√msX a‰m-tcm-SmWv D]-an-°m≥ km[n-°pI?.... CXn\p ]pdsa ]c-ta-iz-c≥ P∑w kzoI-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p-≈Xv bp‡n-sIm≠pw In´p-∂n√.AXn-cn-√m-Ø-Xmb Cu BImiw K¿`-Øn¬ AS-ßn-sbt∂m Ic-X-e-Øn¬ HXp-ßn-sbt∂m Bsc-¶nepw ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬ AXp t\cmbnhcp-hm≥ Hcn-°epw \nhr-Øn-bn√. Fs¥-∂m¬ BImiw AXn-c-‰XpwFßpw \nd-™-Xp-am-Ip∂p. AXn-\m¬ BImiw AI-tØ°v ]th-in-°p-Ibpw ]pd-tØ°v \n¿K-an-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂n√. AXp-t]m-se-Øs∂ ]c-am-flmhv A\-¥\pw k¿h-hym-]n-bp-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v ]thi \n¿K-a-ßƒ Ds≠∂v kn≤n-°p∂ Imcyw Hcn-°epwiIy-a√. Hcp h-kvXp FhnsS C√tbm AhnsS amXta KXm-K-X-ßƒkw`-hn-°m≥ Xc-ap≈q. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ Fßp-\nt∂m h∂p-sh∂p ]d-bp-hm≥, K¿`-Øn¬ hym]n-®n-cp-∂n-s√t∂m? ]c-ta-iz-c≥ ]pdØv D≠m-bn-cp-∂nt√? D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]ns∂ Fß-s\-bmWv \n¿K-an®pF∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv? Adn-hn-√m-Ø-h-c-√msX a‰m-cmWv Cuiz-c-s\-∏‰nCßs\ ]d-bp-Ibpw hnNm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI? AXp-sIm≠v ]c-ta-iz-c\p KXm-K-X-ßfpw P\-\-a-c-W-ßfpw Ds≠∂v kn≤n-°p-hm≥ Hcn-°epw \nhr-Øn-bn√. AXn-\m¬ tbip apX-em-b-hcpw Cuiz-cs‚ Ah-Xm-c-a-s√∂p a\- n-em-°n-s°m-≈pI. Fs¥-∂m¬, cmK-tZz-j-ßƒ,£pXv]n-]m-k-Iƒ, `b-tim-I-ßƒ, kpJ-Zp-xJ-ßƒ, P\-\-a-c-W-ßƒapX-emb KpW-ß-tfmSp IqSn-b-h-cm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ah¿ a\p-jy¿Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p''(kXym¿Y ]Imiw, ]pdw 304˛-306).

AXn-\m¬ ssZh-Øn\v Ah-Xm-c-an-s√∂pw D≠m-hp-I-bn-s√∂pwCkvem-an-s\-t∏mse lnµp-Z¿i-\hpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. ]]-©-Øn-ep-≈-sX√mw ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-I-fmWv. tbiphpw tamsibpw


aplΩZpw _“mhpw hnjvWphpw inh\pw cma\pw IrjvW-\p-sam∂pw CXn¬\n-s∂m-gn-h√. Ah-scm∂pw Cuiz-c-∑mtcm Cuiz-cm-h-Xm-c-ßtfm A√. adn®v Cuiz-c-kr-jvS-ß-fmWv. AXn-\m¬, Ah-sc-sbm∂pw hnfn®p ]m¿Yn-°p-Itbm Bcm-[n-°p-Itbm AcpXv.Ah¿°v \nth-Zy-ßtfm t\¿®-h-gn-]m-Sp-Itfm A¿∏n-°-cpXv. Ah-cp-sS-sbms° kjvSm-hmb ssZhsØ amXta Bcm-[n-°mhq. adn®pkw`-hn-°p-∂-sX√mw A⁄-X-sImt≠m A‘-hn-izmkw \nan-ØtamBWv. Aßs\ sNøp-∂Xv A£-¥-hy-amb A]-cm-[-asX.

4 7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

A©v

kmbn-_m-_bpw apkvenw kn≤-∑mcpw

""ssZhw a\p-jym-Im-c-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-°n-s√∂v Xm¶ƒ ]d-™p-ht√m.At∏mƒ `K-hm≥ kXy-km-bn-_m_ ssZhm-h-Xm-c-a-s√-∂mtWm Xm¶-fpsS hmZw? _m_-bpsS AZv`p-X-kn-≤n-I-fn¬ BIr-jvS-cmb Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v apkvenw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ t]mepw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠t√m.AtX-°p-dn®v F¥p ]d-bp∂p?''

ssZh-Øn\v Ah-Xm-c-an-s√∂pw D≠m-Im-h-X-s√∂pw Rm≥ amX-a√; ]apJ sslµ-h -th-Z-]-fin-X≥am¿ t]mepw ]am-W-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ka¿Yn-®n- p≠v. Ign™ tNmZy-Øns‚ adp-]-Sn-bn¬ A°mcywhni-Z-ambn hnh-cn-®-Xm-Wt√m.

kXy-km-bn-_m_ tIhew Hcp a\p-jy≥ amX-amWv. 1926 \hw-_¿ 23-˛\mWv At±lw P\n-®Xv. ]nXmhv s]±-sh-¶∏ cmPphpw amXmhvCuiz-cmw-_-bp-amWv. B‘-bnse tKm]m-e-∏≈n Kma-Øn-em-bn-cp∂pP\\w. AXm-Wn-t∏mƒ ]p´-]¿Øn F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]tZiw.kmbn-_m-_bpw Hcp \mƒ \sΩ-t∏mse acn°pw. aÆn¬ h®m¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ico-chpw aÆm-bn -amdpw. NnX-bn¬ h®m¬ Nmc-amIpw. \ncm-Im-c\pw \ncm-i-b\pw A\m-Znbpw Ahn-`m-Py-\p-amb ssZhw CØcwZu¿_-ey-ß-fn¬\n-s∂√mw ap‡-\sX.

kmbn-_m-_°v hnZ-Kv[-\mb Hcp aPo-jy-t‚-Xn¬ Ihn™ IgnthmFs¥-¶nepw AZv`p-X-kn-≤n-Itfm H∂p-an-s√∂v GXp km[m-c-W-°m-c\pw t_m[y-am-Im≥ ]cym-]vX-amb \nc-h[n kw`-h-ßƒ CXn-\IwD≠m-bn-´p≠v. NneXp amX-an-hnsS kqNn-∏n°mw:

1. ]p´-]¿Øn-bnse Bi-a-Øn¬ h®v kmbn-_m-_-bpsS t\sch[-iaw \S∂p. AI-an-I-fpsS sh´pw IpØp-ta‰v AwK-c-£-I-cn¬c≠p-t]¿ sIm√-s∏´p. c≠p-t]¿°v ]cn-t°¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.kw`hw \S∂ DSs\ ÿe-sØ-Ønb t]meo-kns‚ shSn-tb‰v AI-an-Iƒ \mep-t]cpw acn-®p-hoWp. F∂n´pw KqVm-tem-N-\-bpsS cl-ky-a-dn-bm≥ kmbn-_m-_°p km[n-®n√. Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf Is≠-Øm≥ t]meo-


kp-Im¿ htc-≠n-h∂p. AXpw aXn-bm-hmsX t]meokv \mbv°sfsIm≠p-h-cn-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. CXns‚ A¿Yw hfsc hy‡-am-Wt√m.Aù-Xn-I -am¿tKW h√ Adnhpw kmbn-_m-_-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬AI-an-I-fmb sIme-bm-fn-Isf Xs‚ Bÿm-\Øv At¥-hm-kn-I-fmbnXma-kn-∏n-°n-√m-bn-cp∂p. Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf Is≠-Øm≥ t]meotkmt]meokv \mbtbm th≠n-h-cn-√m-bn-cp∂p. kw`-hsØ XpS¿∂v kmbn-_m_ Xma-kn® Nµ HmUn-t‰m-dn-b-Øn\v t]meokv Imh¬ G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠n-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. h√ Aam-\p-jnI Ignhpw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]p -]¿Øn-bnepw ]cn-k-cØpw A™q-dn-tesd t]meo-kp-Imsc Imh¬ \n¿tØ-≠n-h-cn-√m-bn-cp∂p. ]p´-]¿Øn-bnse kmbn-_m-_-bpsS ][m\ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ ssZhn-I-X-bn¬ hnizm-k-an-s√-∂-XmWv kXyw. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m Ah-c-t±-lsØ h[n-°m≥ ian-®Xv.

2. 1993-˛¬ sslZ-dm-_m-Zn¬ kXy-km-bn-_m_ SÃns‚ hI-bmbnHcp Ieym-W-a-fi]w A∂sØ ][m-\-a¥n DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ A∂sØ B`y-¥c a¥n Fkv._n. Nhm≥, Irjn-a¥n_¬dmw-Qm-°¿, B‘-bn-sebpw I¿Wm-S-I-Øn-sebpw ap≥ apJy-a-¥n-am-cmb hnP-b- m-kvI-c- sdUvVn, _wKm-c∏ XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n ]ap-J¿ kw_-‘n-®n-cp∂p. thZn-bn¬sh®v kmbn-_m_ A¥-co-£-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp kz¿W-s®-bn-s\-SpØv Ieym-W-a-fi]w cq]-I¬]\ sNbvXin¬]n°v kΩm-\n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. DZvLm-S\ ]cn-]mSn Zqc-Z¿i≥hn`mKw nen-an¬ ]I¿Øn-bn-cp∂p. ]kvXpX hoUntbm NnXw kmbn-_m-_-bpsS "Aam-\p-jn-IX'bpsS F√m cl-kyhpw ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cm≥ ]cym-]vX-asX. kmbn-_m_ Xs‚ Hc-SpØ A\p-bm-bn-bn¬\n∂vkz¿W-s®-bn≥ ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw AXv X¥-]q¿hw ssIbn-se-Sp-°p-∂Xpw AXn¬ hy‡-ambn ImWmw. tImSn-°-W-°n\v a\p-jyschgn-sX-‰n-°p∂ _m_-bpsS "Znhym-Zv`pX'Øns‚ \nP-ÿnXn ImWn-Iƒ°v \∂mbn a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Cu ]cn-]mSn Zqc-Z¿i≥]Z¿in-∏n-®n√. F∂m¬ Ieym-W-a-fi]w DZvLm-S-\-]-cn-]m-Sn-bpsShoUntbm NnXw Aam-\p-jn-I-X-sb-°p-dn® Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-fpsS \nP-ÿnXn At\z-jn-°p∂ A¥m-cmjvS kan-Xn-bpsS C¥y≥ I¨ho-\¿ kn. t]am-\µv X¥-]q¿hw ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠mbn. AXvCXn-\Iw tImgn-t°m-Spƒs∏sS \mSns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kmbn-_m-_t°m A\p-bm-bn-Iƒt°m CXn\vXr]vXn-I-c-amb Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Im≥ Ct∂mfw Ign-™n-ń√.

3. iq\y-X-bn¬\n∂v `kvahpw kz¿W-tam-Xn-chpw FSp-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ acp∂pw a‰p hkvXp-°fpw D≠m-°m\pw Ign-tb-≠-Xm-Wt√m.F∂m¬ ]p´-]¿Øn-bnse Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ kztZ-i-Øp-\n∂p amX-a√,hntZ-i-Øp-\n∂pw acp∂v hcp-Øp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv. kmbn-_m-_°vh√ Znhy-I-gn-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ tcmKn-Iƒ°v Bizmkw ]I-cm≥

4 9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

kq∏¿ kvs]jym-en‰n Bip-]Xn ÿm]n-t°-≠n-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. ]p´-]¿Øn-bnepw at‰Xv Bip-]-Xn-bn-sebpw t]mse acp∂v \¬InbpwikvX-Inb \S-Øn-bp-sam-s°-Ø-s∂-bmWv tcmKn-Isf NnIn-’n-°p-∂Xv. Hc-am-\p-jn-I-Xbpw H∂n-ep-an-s√∂v Gh¿°p-a-dn-bm-hp∂ Imcy-amWv.

kmbn-_m-_-bp-sSbpw AXp-t]m-ep-≈-h-cp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-IƒZnhym-Zv`p-X-ßsf kw_-‘n® hymP-I-Y-Iƒ ]N-cn-∏n-°m≥ H´pw aSn-Im-Wn-°m-dn√. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp kw`hw amXw ChnsS D≤-cn°mw:

""hniz-hn-Jym-X-amb sskt°m hm®v Iº-\n-bpsS DSa ]pXnb sa®-s∏´ Hcn\w hm®v \n¿an®p. IqSp-X¬ ]cn-tim-[-\bv°pw kq£va-\n-co-£-W-Øn-\p-ambn AXv Xs‚ tk^n¬ `Z-ambn kq£n®p.

Hgn-hp-Im-e-sØm-cn-°¬ C¥y-bn-em-bn-cns° BImw-£-m]q¿hw ]p -]¿Øn kµ¿in®p. Xs‚ `‡¿°n-S-bn¬ P∏m≥Im-c-\mb am\ys\I≠ kXy-km-bn-_m_ At±-lsØ Xs‚ ASp-tØ°v hnfn®p. A¥-co-£-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp s]mXn-sb-SpØv At±-l-Øn\v sImSpØp. AXvXpd-∂p-t\m-°nb hm®p-\n¿am-Xmhv AZv`p-X-kvX-_v[-\mbn. tSm°n-tbm-hn¬ Xs‚ tk^n¬ `Z-ambn kq£n® ]pXnb C\w hm®m-bn-cp∂pAXv. t]cpw hnebpw Ipdn-®n´ te_-entem AXn-t∑-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂kn¬°v dn_-Wntem Hcp hyXym-k-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. AtXmsSsskt°m Iº-\n-°m-c\v kXy-km-bn-_m-_-bpsS ssZhnI Ign-hp-Isfkw_-‘n® kwi-b-ß-sf√mw \oßn. Abmƒ kmbn-_m-_-bpsS ]mZ-ß-fn¬ ]W-an-°p-Ibpw At±-lsØ Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.Aßs\ B P∏m≥Im-c≥ kmbn-_m-_-bpsS DØ-a- `-‡-\m-bn-Øo¿-∂p.

tSm°n-tbm-hn¬ aS-ßn-sbØn Xs‚ tk^v ]cn-tim-[n-®-t∏mƒXm≥ kq£n® hm®v AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂Xv sskt°m Iº-\n-°m-cs\ IqSp-X¬ B›-cy-`-cn-X-\m°n. \n_n-U-amb Xe-ap-Sn-bp≈,ssZhn-IX tXm∂n-°p∂ Hcmƒ Hcp Znhkw Hmô-kn¬ h∂v tk^p-Xp-d∂v hm®p-ambn Xncn-®p-t]m-b-Xmbn t]gvk-W¬ skI-´dn Adn-bn-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ AZv pXw ]Xn-∑-Sßv h¿[n®p'' - C¥ym Kh -sa‚ v ap≥ imkvX D]-tZ-jvSmhv tUm. Fkv. `mK-hXw Fw.Fkv.kn,Un.F.Fkv.kn, ]n.F®v.Un 1973-˛¬ Fkv.sI. \mb-cpsS ]Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ae-bm-f-\mSv hmcn-I-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬tN¿Ø-XmWv ]kvXpX kw`hw.

]apJ bp‡n-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cp∂ ]tc-X-\mb F.Sn. tImhq¿ kw`-h-Øns‚ \nP-ÿnXn At\z-jn-®-dn-bm≥ Xocp-am-\n®p. Aßs\ ]p´-]¿Øn kµ¿in® P∏m≥Im-cs‚ t]cpw hnem-khpw Adn-bn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏ v tImhq¿ 1973 sk]vXw-_¿ 11 -\v tUmIvS¿ mK-h-X-Øn\v IsØ-gpXn. c≠p amkw Ign-™n´pw `mK-hXw ]Xn-I-cn-®n√. AXn-\m¬tImhq¿ ioe-¶-bnse P∏m≥ Fw_-kn-bn¬\n∂v sskt°m hm®v


\n¿am-Xm-hns‚ hnemkw tiJ-cn®p. XpS¿∂v 1973 HIvtSm-_¿ 30-˛\vsskt°m hm®v \n¿am-Xm-°-fmb lt´mdn B‚ v Iº\n enan-‰-Uns‚]kn-U‚ v tjmPn lt´m-dn°v Hcp IØ-b®p. AXn¬ tUm. `mK-hXwD≤-cn® IY tN¿Ø tijw \mep Imcyw At\z-jn®p:

1. \nßtfm \nß-fpsS GsX-¶nepw ]m¿SvW¿amtcm Ft∏m-sg-¶nepwC¥y-bnse kXy-km-bn-_m-_sb kµ¿in-®n-´pt≠m?

2. Xm¶ƒt°m Xm¶-fpsS GsX-¶nepw ]m¿SvW¿t°m kmbn-_m_A¥-co-£-Øn¬\n∂v hm®v D≠m°n kΩm-\n-®n-´pt≠m?

3. Xm¶-tfmtSm Xm¶-fpsS GsX-¶nepw ]m¿SvW-tdmtSm Xm¶-fpsSt]gvk-W¬ skI-´dn Hc-]-cn-Nn-X≥ tk^v Xpd∂v hm®v FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-b-Xmbn ]d-™n-´pt≠m?

4. Xm¶tfm Xm¶-fpsS GsX-¶nepw ]m¿SvW¿amtcm kXy-km-bn-_m-_-bpsS `‡-\mtWm?

sskt°m Iº\n DSa tjmPn lt´mdn 1973 \hw-_¿ 8-˛\v tImhq-cns‚ IØn\v adp-]Sn Ab®p. AXn¬ Xmt\m Xs‚ ]m¿SvW¿amtcmkmbn-_m-_sb Adn-bn-s√∂v Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw \mep Imcy-ßfpwXo¿Øpw \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F.Sn. tImhq¿ ]kvXpX adp-]-Sn-bpsS t^mt´m-tIm-∏n-tbm-sSm∏wtUmIvS¿ mK-h-X-Øn\v IØ-b®p. AXn¬ tjmPn lt´m-dntbm At±-l-Øns‚ ]m¿SvW¿amtcm A√mØ Bsc-¶n-ep-amWv ae-bm-f-\m-SnseteJ-\-Øn¬ hnh-cn® kw`-h-Ønse IYm-]m-X-sa-¶n¬ Abm-fpsSt]cpw hnem-khpw Adn-bn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏´p. AXn\pw adp-]Sn D≠m-bn√. AXn-\m¬ F.Sn. tImhq¿ Cu kw`-h-ß-sf√mw hnh-cn®v 1976sk]vXw-_¿ 12˛se ssSwkv Hm^v C¥y-bn-se-gpXn. AtXmsS tUm.`mK-hXw cwK-Øp-h∂p. 1976 \hw-_¿ 29-˛\v ssSwkv Hm^v C¥y-bn¬Hcp hni-Zo-I-c-W-°p-dn-s∏-gpXn. AXn¬ Xm≥ Aßs\ Hcp kw`hwAdn-bn-s√∂pw Aßs\ Hcp teJ\w Cw•o-jntem at‰-sX-¶nepw mj-bntem Fgp-Xn-bn- n-s√∂pw ae-bmfw X\n-°-dn-bn-s√∂pw hcp-Øm-\mWvian-®Xv.

ae-bm-f-\mSv hmcn-I-bn¬ kmbn-_m-_-bpsS ssZhn-I-X°v sXfn-hmbn D≤-cn® sskt°m hm®v kw`hw Xo¿Øpw hymPhpw t_m[-]q¿hw sIń-®-a-®-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v AtXmsS Gh¿°pw t_m[y-ambn. (hni-Z-hn-h-c-ßƒ°v SAIBABA'S MIRACLES: AN OVERVIEW. Edited by

DALE BEYER STEIN, Page 89-98 ImWpI.)bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ]]-©-k-jvSm-hmb ssZh-Øn-\-√msX a‰m¿°pw,

Hfn-∏n-®p-h-®h ]pd-sØ-Sp-°mt\m temI-Øp≈ ]Zm¿Y-ß-sf-SpØv Ah-bpsS cq]w am‰mt\m A√msX, ]pXp-Xm-sbm∂pw D≠m-°pI km[y-a√. iq\y-X-bn¬ \ns∂m∂pw krjvSn-°m-\m¿°p-am-hn√. Aù-XnIImcy-ß-f-dn-bp-I-bp-an√. mhn-bn-se¥p \S-°p-sa∂v Is≠-Øm\pw Ign-bn√. AXn-\m¬ ssZhn-I-Xtbm Aam-\p-jn-I-Xtbm Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-

5 1kvt\l-kw-hmZw

h-cm-cm-bmepw X\n hymP-∑m-cm-W-h¿. Ah-cn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Ad-_n-t∏-cp-≈-h-cm-bmepw A√m-Ø-h-cm-bmepw XnI™ A‘-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-amWv. ssZh-Øns‚ amXw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ Btcm-]n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS ssZh-Øn¬ Ahs‚ krjvSn-Isf ]¶p-tN¿°p∂A£-¥-hy-amb A]-cm-[-am-W-h¿ sNøp-∂Xv.""F¶n¬ Znhy-i-‡n-bp-s≠-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ apkvenw kn≤-∑mtcm?''

X\n -hym-P-∑m-cm-W-h¿. ssZh-Øn-\-√msX a‰m¿°pw Hcp-hn[ Aù-XnI Ignthm kn≤n-Itfm C√. Aù-XnI am¿tKW B¿s°-¶nepwHcp Xe-th-Z-\tbm hb-dp-th-Z-\tbm at\m-tcmKw t]meptam \¬Im-\m¿°pw km[y-a√. km[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ¢n‚¨ tamWn-°-s°-Xn-scbpw k±mw lpssk-s\-Xn-scbpw temIØp In´m-hp∂ F√m`K-hm-∑m-scbpw AΩ-am-scbpw ]pWy-hm-f-∑m-scbpw kn≤-∑m-scbpwIq´p-]n-Sn®v Aßs\ sNøp-am-bn-cp∂p. kn≤-∑m-cmbn Na-bp-Ibpw Huen-bm-°-fmbn hmgp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°v h√ Ign-hp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ e-kvXzo-\n-Isf Iqc-ambn ]oUn-∏n-°p∂ Ck-tb¬ c-Wm-[n-Im-cn°v amdmØXe-th-Z-\tbm hb-dp-th-Z-\tbm \¬Is´. km[y-a-s√-∂-XmWv kXyw.kz¥sØ t]mepw c£n-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h-cmWv Aù-XnI kn≤n-Ifpw Aam-\pj Ign-hp-Ifpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ F√m-hcpw. CubnsSh[n-°-s∏´, kn≤-\mbn hne-kn-bn-cp∂ Xncp-hn-ezm-a-e-bnse ^°o¿D∏m-∏-bpsS A\p-`hw Xs∂ CXn\p km£n-bmWv. A‘-hn-izm-k-Øn-\-Sn-s∏-´-h¿ kXy-ÿnXn a\- n-em-°p-∂n-s√∂p amXw.


Bdv

hnK-lm-cm-[-\sb F¥n-s\-Xn¿°p∂p?

""apkvenw-Iƒ [cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Rßƒ _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Itfm_lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-Itcm A√. ssZhw GI-\m-sW∂v hniz-kn®v ssZh-sØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-h-cmWv. hnK-l-ßƒ ]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂Xv ssZhsØHm¿°m\pw ssZh-Øn¬ i≤ tIµo-I-cn-°m-\p-amWv. F∂n´pw \nß-sf-¥n-\mWv hnK-lm-cm-[-\sb Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv?''

Ckvemw ssZh-Øns‚ GIXzw Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p. Ahs\ amXtahnfn®p ]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNømhq F∂v IWn-i-ambnI¬]n-°p∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kØ-bnepw KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-fnepw A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-fnepw Ah\p ]¶p-Imsc I¬]n-°p-∂Xv A£-¥-hy-amb A]-cm-[-ambn IW-°m-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂\nc-h[n Imc-W-ß-fm¬ hnK-lm-cm-[-\-tbmSv hntbm-Pn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂p.

1. ssZhw Acq-]nbpw AZr-iy-\p-am-sW∂v lnµp-a-X-apƒs∏sS temI-Ønse F√m aX-ßfpw DZvtLm-jn-°p∂p.

tIt\m-]-\n-j-Øn-en-ßs\ ImWmw:""b∑-\-km- \ -a-\ptX tb\m-lp¿a-t\m-aXwXtZh _“ Xzw hn≤n t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-ktX'' (1: 6)

(a\- n\v Adn-hm≥ Ign-bm-ØXpw F∂m¬ a\- n\v Adn-hm-\p≈ Ign-hns\ \¬Ip-∂-Xp-am-b-Xns\ _“-sa∂v Adn-bpI. CXmWv _“wF∂p hnNm-cn®v D]m-kn-°p-∂-sXm∂pw _“-a√.)

""b®-£p-jm \ ]iyXn tb\- N-£qwjn ]iyXnXtZh _“ Xzw hn≤n t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-ktX'' (1:7)

(IÆp-sIm≠v Im◊m≥ Ign-bm-ØXpw IÆp-sIm≠v hnj-b-ßsfImWp-∂-Xn\v tlXp-`q-X-am-bn-´p-≈-Xp-tatXm AXv _“-sa-∂-dn-™mepw. CXm-W-sX∂ \ne-bn¬ D]m-kn-°p-∂-sXm∂pw _“-a√.)

""bXv tim-tXW \ irtWm-Xn- tb\ timX-anZw ipXwXtZh _“ Xzw hn≤n t\Zw bZn-Z-ap-]m-ktX''(1: 8)

(sNhn-sIm≠v tIƒ°m≥ Ign-bm-ØXpw F∂m¬ sNhn°v tIƒ-°m-\p≈ Ignhv \¬Ip-∂-Xp-am-b-tXtXm AXmWv _“-sa-∂-dn-™m-epw.

5 3kvt\l-kw-hmZw

AXm-Wn-sX∂ \ne-bn¬ D]m-kn-°p-∂-sXm∂pw _“-a√.)ssZhw \ncm-Im-c-\m-sW∂v sslµ-h-Z¿i\w Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn

hy‡-am-°p∂p. D]-\n-jØv ssZhsØ hnti-jn-∏n-®Xv "\n¿KX BIm-cmXv k \n-cm-Imcx'˛ -bmsXm-cp-h\v BIr-Xn-sbm-∂p-an-√tbm Aß-s\-bp-≈-h≥˛ F∂mWv (kzman Zbm-\µ kc-kzXn, kXym¿Y-]-Imiw,Bcy-]m-tZ-inI ]Xn-\n[n k`, ]©m_v, ]pdw 38)

kzman Zbm-\µ kc-kzXn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Cuiz-c≥ \ncm-Im-c-\m-Ip∂p.Fs¥-∂m¬ kmIm-c-\m-sW-¶n¬ hym]-I-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-X√. hym]-I-\-s√-¶n¬ k¿h-⁄Xzw apX-emb KpW-ßƒ Cuiz-c-\n¬ LSn-°p-I-bn√. Fs¥-∂m¬ ]cn-On-∂-amb hkvXp-hn-ep≈ KpW˛I¿a˛-kz-`m-h-ßfpw ]cn-On-∂-ß-fm-bn-cn-°p-at√m. F∂p amX-a√, Cuiz-c≥ kmIm-c-\m-sW-¶n¬ iotXm-jvW-ßƒ, tcmK-ßƒ, tZmj-ßƒ, tOZ\w,t`Z\w apX-emb Inb-I-sfm-∂p-ta¬°m-Ø-h-\m-bn-cn-∏m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√. AXn-\m¬ Cuiz-c≥ \ncm-Im-c-\m-sW-∂p-X-s∂-bmWv Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.''(kXym¿Y-]-Imiw, ]pdw 288)

Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""A√mlp kIe hkvXp-°-sfbpw krjvSn-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ah≥ kIe kwK-Xn-Ifpw Adn-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Ah-\m-Ip∂p \nß-fpsS \mY-\mb ssZhw. Ah-\-√msX Hcp Bcm-[y-\p-an√. kI-e -h-kvXp-°-fp-sSbpw kjvSm-hm-W-h≥. AXn-\m¬ \nßƒAhs\ A\p-k-cn®p Pohn-°pI. Ah≥ F√m Imcy-ß-fp-sSbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ta-‰-h-\m-Ip∂p. IÆp-Iƒ°-hs\ ImWm-\m-hn√. Aht\m,IÆp-Isf I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. Ah≥ kq£va-Zr°pw A`n-⁄-\p-at√m''(6:101˛-103).

Acq-]nbpw AZr-iy-\p-amb ssZh-Øn\v cq]w k¶¬]n-°p-∂XvIrXn-a-amWv. anYysb kXy-hp-ambn Ie¿Ø-emWv. AXv ssZhsØkw_-‘n®v hfsc sX‰mb k¶¬]w hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ hf¿Øp∂p.AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AXv ssZh-tØmSp sNøp∂ ISpØ A\o-Xn-bmWv.

CXp kw_-‘-ambn _“m-\µ kzman inh-tbmKn Fgp-Xp∂p:""\ΩpsS ]nXm-hns‚tbm Kpcp-hn-s‚tbm at‰m Omb-sb-Sp-Øp-sh®vAh-cpsS A`m-h-Øn¬ Ah-sc -I≠v kt¥m-jn-°p∂p; hµn-°p-∂p.A]-Imcw t£X-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-a-sh®v ]qPn®v kt¥m-jn-°p-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. Aßs\ sNbvXn-ń-s√-¶n¬ kzev]-_p-≤n-Iƒ°vssZhw Ds≠∂v a\- n-em-Ip-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv? F∂v Im¿a≥am¿hmZn-°p-∂p. CXpw Akw-_‘w Xs∂. ]nXm-hn-s\bpw Kpcp-hn-s\bpwa‰pw I≠pw-sIm-≠mWv t^mt´m FSp-°p-∂-Xv. B Omb-bn¬ Ah-cpsS BIr-Xn-h-Snhpw D≠v. ssZh-Øn\v BIr-Xn-bn-√. ]ns∂ Fßs\Omb-sb-SpØp? B¿ FSpØp? _nw_-∏-Wn-°mcpw a‰pw I√p-I-fnepwh√-Xnepw sImØp-∂Xpw hc-°p-∂-Xp-amtWm ssZh-Øns‚ Omb?Cßs\ \m\m hnK-l-cq-]-Øn-\m¬ ssZh-kz-cq-]-sØbpw Bcm-[-\m-I-a-sØbpw sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv alm A\¿Y-am-Ip-∂p.'' (hn-K-lm-cm-[-\m-J-fi-\w, ]km-[-I¿: \n¿a-em-\-µ-tbm-Kn, ]kn-U‚ v _“m-


\µ inh-tbmKn kn≤m-iaw, Be-Øq¿; ]pdw 28, 29)2. \Ωn¬ i≤ tIµo-I-cn-°mt\m \sΩ Hm¿°mt\m th≠n Ipc-

ß-s‚tbm \mb-bp-sStbm NnXtam ]Xn-atbm ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv \mam-cpw CjvS-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√t√m. ImcWw, Ipc-ß\pw \mb-bp-sams° \tΩ-°mƒ \n m-chpw Xmsg-bp-am-sW∂v \mw [cn-°p∂p. A∆n[w Xs∂Cu ]]-©-Øn-ep≈ F√m hkvXp-°fpw ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-IfpwAh-t\mSv Xmc-Xayw sNøm-\m-hmØ hn[w \t∂ \n m-c-hp-amWv. Ah-bn-te-sX-¶nepw H∂ns\, ssZhsØ Hm¿°m\pw Ah-\n¬ i≤ tIµo-I-cn-°m-\p-ambn ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-tØmSp sNøp∂ ISpØ A\o-Xn-bmWv; AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ A£-¥-hy-amb A]-cm-[hpw.

3. ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-t°-≠Xv Fß-s\-bm-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠XvssZh-amWv. hnK-ltam ]Xn-a-Itfm ]Xn-jvT-Itfm ÿm]n-®mWv Xs∂Bcm-[n-t°-≠-sX∂v ssZhw ]d-™n- n√. AØ-c-samcp Bcm-[-\m-coXn]Tn-∏n-®n-´p-an√. F∂√, hnK-l-ßtfm ]Xn-jvT-Itfm ÿm]n®v Bcm-[\ \S-Ø-cp-sX∂v IWn-i-ambn I¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v.

4. km£m¬ ssZh-sØ-b-√msX hnfn®p ]m¿Yn-°p-∂Xpw Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw Acp-Xm-Ø-Xm-sW∂v Ckvem-an-s\-t∏mse lnµp-a-Xhpw]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v. hnK-lm-cm-[\ _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-b-s√-¶n¬ A\ym-cm-[-\sb hna¿in-t°-≠-Xn-√t√m. Otµm-tKym-]-\n-j-Øn¬ Cßs\ImWmw: ""Hman-tXyXZ£capZvKoYap]m-koX'' (HmwImcw bmsXm-cp-hs‚ \ma-t[-b-am-tWm, bmsXm-cp-h≥ Hcn-°epw \in-°bn-√tbm Ah-s\-bmWv D]m-kn-t°-≠Xv; as‰m-cp-h-s\-b√.)

hnJym-X-amb sslµ-h-kvtXm-X-Øn-en-ßs\ ImWmw:""XztaIw hcWyw XztaIw icWywXztaIw PKXvImcWw hniz-cq]w''

(\ns∂ amXw Rßƒ Bcm-[n-°p∂p. \nt∂m-Sp-amXw Rßƒ icWwtXSp∂p. temtIm-ev]-Øn°p ImcWw \o Xs∂. \o hniz-cq]w.)

tizXm-iz-X-tcm-]-\n-j-Øn-en-ßs\ ImWmw:""Xao-iz-cmWmw ]caw atl-izcwXw tZhXm\mw ]caw N ssZ-hXw]Xnw ]Xo\mw ]caw ]c-kvXmXvhnZma tZhw `pht\iaoUyw'' (6-˛7)

(AXv F√m Cuiz-c-∑m-cp-sSbpw alm-\mb imk-I\pw k¿h tZh-∑m¿°pw ]c-am-cm-[y\pw kakvX ]Xn-I-fp-sSbpw ]Xnbpw [kwc-£-I≥] kakvX _“m-fi-\m-b-I\pw BIp∂p. kvXpXy¿l\pw ]Imikzcq-]-\p-amb AXv k¿h-Øn\pw AXo-X-am-sW∂v \mw a\- n-em-°p∂p.)

KoX-bn-en-ßs\ ImWmw:bm¥n- tZ-h-]Xm tZhm\v ]nXr\v bm¥n ]nXr hXmx`qXm\n bm¥n `qtX Pymbm¥n aZvbm-Pnt\m f lamw.

(tZh-∑msc D]m-kn-°p-∂-h¿ tZh-∑msc ]m]n-°p-∂p. ]nXr-°sf Bcm-

5 5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

[n-°p-∂-h¿ ]nXr-°sf AW-bp-∂p. `qX-ßsf D]m-kn-°p-∂-h¿ `qX-ß-fn-se-Øp-∂p. F∂m¬ Fs∂ D]m-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Fs∂ ]m]n-°p∂p.) (D-≤-c-Ww: hnZy-hm-Nm-kv]-Xn hn. ]t\m-fn, "ioi-¶-c-Z¿i\w',]pdw 91)

kzman Zbm-\µ kc-kzXn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""kvXpXn, ]m¿Y\, D]m-k\ F∂n-h-sb√mw tijvT-\m-bn-´p-≈-h\p amXta sNø-s∏-Sm-dp≈q.KpWw, I¿aw, kz`mhw, kXy-hy-h-lmcw F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn¬ as‰-√m-h-sc-°mfpw D¬°¿jw B¿°pt≠m Ah-s\-bmWv tijvT≥ F∂p]d-tb-≠Xv. B¿ tijvT-∑m-cn¬ h®v tijvT-\m-Ip-∂pthm Ahs\]c-ta-iz-c≥ F∂p ]d-bp∂p. as‰m-cp-h-t\-bp-a√. Ah\v Xpey-\m-bn´vHcp-h≥ CXn\p apºv D≠m-bn-ń√. Ct∏mƒ C√. C\n-ta¬ D≠m-hp-I-bp-an√. Aß-s\-bn-cns° Ah-s\-°mƒ D¬Ir-jvS-\mbn Hcp-h≥ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv Fßs\? kXyw, \ymbw, Zb, k¿h-I¿a-km-a¿Yyw, k¿h-⁄Xzw apX-emb AkwJyw KpW-ßƒ Ah-∂p-≈-Xp-t]mse as‰mcpPU-]-Zm¿Y-Ønt\m Pohm-flm-hnt\m C√. kXy-kz-cq-]-ambn hnf-ßp∂hkvXp-hns‚ KpW-I¿a -kz-`m-h-ßfpw kXy-ß-fm-bn-Ø-s∂-bn-cn°pw.AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy-sc√mw ]c-ta-iz-c-s\-bmWv kvXpXn-°p-Ibpw ]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw D]m-kn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv. as‰m-cp-h-s\-bp-a√. _“mhv,hnjvWp, inh≥ F∂ t]tcmSp IqSnb ]pcm-X-\-∑m-cmb hnZzm-∑mcpwssZXy-∑m¿, Zm\h-∑m¿ XpS-ßnb \nIr-jvS- a-\p-jycpw a‰p≈ km[m-cW a\p-jycpw ]c-ta-iz-c-\n¬ ]q¿W-hn-izm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn At±-l-sØ-Ø-s∂-bmWv kvXpXn-°p-Ibpw ]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw D]m-kn-°p-IbpwsNbvXn-cp-∂Xv. thsdm-cp-h-s\-b√. AXp-sIm≠v \Ω-sf-√m-hcpw A]-Imcw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wp-Nn-X-am-bn- p-≈Xv''(kXym¿Y-]-Imiw, ]pdw 12,13).

_“mhv, hnjvWp, inh≥ F∂n-h-sc-t∏mepw kvXpXn-°p-Itbm]m¿Yn-°p-Itbm D]m-kn-°p-Itbm sNø-cp-sX-∂m-Wt√m CXn-s‚-b¿Yw. C°mcyw io hmKv`-Sm-\µ Kpcphpw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. (hmKv`-Sm-\-µs‚ kºq¿W IrXn-Iƒ. H∂mw ]Xn∏v, amXr-`qan ]n‚nwKv B‚ v ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\n enan-‰Uv. ]pdw 357-˛359).

_“m-\µ kzman inh-tbmKn hkn-jvT-\n¬\n∂v D≤-cn-°p∂p:\´-I-ss√-ssØ-h-sa≥dp \mep ]pjv]w Nm¿Øp-cn¿Np‰n-h-¥p-sam-W≥dp sNm√p-a-¥n-c-sa-X-°tSm\´p-I√p t]bptam \mX-Xp-≈n-cp-°-bn¬Np´-N-ń-N-´pIw Idn-®p-ssh-b-dn-bptam

(Hcp I√ns\ ]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ Cuizc mh-\-tbmSp IqSn ]qPn-°p-∂p. AXns\ ]Z-£nWw sh°p-∂p. a¥w P]n-°p-∂p. B ]Xnjv-Tn® I√p tIƒ°ptam? Idn-sh-°p∂ Nńtbm Idn-bn-f-°p∂ N´p-Itam,Idn-bpsS cksØ Adn-bptam?) (hn-K-lm-cm-[\m Jfi-\w, ]pdw 7)

5. km[m-c-W-°m¿°v Bcm-[n-°m≥ hnKlw thW-sa∂ hmZsØ_“m-\-µ-kzman inh-tbmKn Cßs\ Jfin-°p∂p: ""Ipń-Iƒ°vsNdnb Ip∏mbw thWw. henb Ip∏mbw ]‰p-I-bn-√. A]-Imcw Aev]-


_p-≤n-Iƒ°v hnK-lm-cm-[\ thWw. _“-[ym-\-Øn\v Ign-bp-I-bn√'F∂v hmZn-°p-∂p. CXv "Ipń-Iƒ°v Im◊m≥ Hcp sNdnb kqcy≥thWw. henb kqcys‚ shfn®w t\m°n-bm¬ ImWp-I-bn-√' F∂p]d-bp-∂-t]mse Akw-_-‘-am-Ip-∂p.''(-hn-K-lm-cm-[-\m-J-fi-\w)

6. hnK-lm-cm-[-I-cmb alm-`q-cn-]-£hpw hnK-l-ßƒ°v ]tXy-I-amb ]pWyhpw Znhy-Xzhpw I¬]n-°p-∂-h-cmWv. BcpsS ]Xn-jvT-bmtWm, Ah-cpsS ssNX\yw AXn¬ Bhm-ln-°-s∏-´-Xm-bmWv hnK-lm-cm-[-I-cpsS hnizmkw. adn®v, i≤ tIµo-I-cn-°m≥ amX-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ ap∂n¬ Fs¥-¶n-ep-sam∂v h®m¬ aXn-bt√m. F∂p amX-a√, \ne-hn-ep≈ hnKlw am‰n a‰p h√Xpw h®m¬ FXn¿°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-an√. F∂m¬ Xß-fm-cm-[n-°p∂ hnK-lsØ am‰p-∂Xv hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v k¶¬]n-°pI t]mepw km[y-a√. AXn-\m¬ hnKlw ssZh-sØ Hm¿°m\pw i≤ tIµo-I-cn-°m\pw amX-am-sW∂ hmZw hkvXp-\n-jvT-a√. AXv _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\ Xs∂-bmWv. AXn-\m-emWv Otµm-tKym-]-\n-j-Øn\pw kzman Zbm-\-µ- k-c-kz-Xn°pw hmKv`-Sm-\-µ-Kp-cp-hn-\p-sa√mw A\y-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\sb FXn¿t°-≠n-h-∂Xv.

7. ssZhw AZzn-Xo-b\pw AXp-ey\pw Ak-Zr-i-\p-am-sW∂v F√maX-ßfpw ]d-bp∂p. ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®v C∂-Xp-t]mse F∂p-t]mepw ]d-bpI km[y-a√. AtXm-sSm∏w a\p-jys‚ IÆpw a\ pwFhn-sS-bmtWm tIµo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv AXns‚ ]Xn-cq-]-amWv a\- n¬]Xn-bpI. hnK-lm-cm-[-Is‚ a\- n¬ hnK-l-Øns‚ ]Xn-_nw-_-amWvÿm\w ]nSn-°pI. AXn-\m¬ Bcm-[-Is‚ a\- n¬ ssZh-Øn-\p -]-Icw hnK-l-amWv ÿm\w ]nSn-°pI. Aßs\ ssZh-Øns‚ ÿm\whnKlw ssIb-S-°p∂p.

8. Bcm-[y-t\m-Sp≈ BXy-¥n-I-amb BZ-c-hn-\m¬ Bcm-[-I≥ ]c-a-amb hn\-b-tØmsS \n¿h-ln-°p∂ I¿a-am-Wt√m Bcm-[\. krjvSn-I-fn¬ tijvT-\mb a\p-jy≥ AXv Xs∂-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿t°m Xt∂-°mƒ Xmsg-bp-≈-hbvt°m A¿∏n-°p-∂Xv Xs‚ aln-X-amb ]Z-hn°pwam\y-X°pw \nc-°p-∂-X√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ssZth-X-c¿°p≈ Bcm-[\ kz¥-tØm-Sp≈ AXn-Iaw IqSn-bm-bmWv Ckvemw ImWp-∂Xv.k¿thm-]cn, kzman Zbm-\-µ -k-c-kzXn hy‡-am-°n-b-t]mse ]c-a-ambBZ-chv A¿∏n-t°-≠Xv AX¿ln-°p-∂-h-∂mWv. tijvT-X-bnepw al-Xz-Ønepw ⁄m\-Ønepw i‡n-bnepw ]q¿W-X-bp-≈-h≥ ssZhw amX-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Ah≥ amXta Bcm-[\ A¿ln-°p-∂p≈q. AX-h-\p-amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xp-amWv. ssZh-Øn\p amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´Xva‰p-≈-h¿°v \¬I¬ ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\-Xncpw Ahsb ssZh-Øns‚ÿm\Øv Ah-tcm-[n-°-ep-amWv. hnK-lm-cm-[\ sImSnb ]m]-am-Im-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂.

5 7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Ggv

IA-v_-bnse IdpØ I√pwinem-]q-Pbpw

""hnK-lm-cm-[-\sb i‡-am-sb-Xn¿°p∂ aX-am-Wt√m Ckvemw. F-∂n´pw IA-v_-bn¬ Hcp IdpØ I√v ]Xn-jvTn-®Xv F¥n-\mWv? as‰√m_nw_-ß-sfbpw FSp-Øp-am-‰n-b-t∏mƒ AXns\ amXw \ne-\n¿Øn-bXv F¥n\v? inem-]qP Ckvem-anepw Ds≠-∂t√ CXv hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv?''

Cu tNmZyw kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ hym]-I-amb sX‰p-[m-c-W-bn-te-°mWv hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬ Nne Imcy-ß-fn-hnsShy‡-am-°m-\m-K-ln-°p∂p:

1. IA-v_-bnse Idp-Ø -I√v(lP-dp¬ AkvhZv) Ncn-X-Øn-sem-cn-°epw Bcmepw Bcm-[n-°-s∏-ń-ń√. hnip≤ IA-v_-bnepw ]cn-k-cØpw ap∂q‰n Adp-]-Xn-tesd hnK-l-ßƒ ]qPn-°-s∏-´-t∏mgpw BcpwAXns\ ]qPn-®n-cp-∂n√. ]hm-N-I-\n-tbm-K-Øn\p apºp≈ hnK-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS ImeØpw lP-dp¬ AkvhZv Bcm-[y-h-kvXp-hm-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂-XmWv hkvXpX.

2. temI-Ønse GXv ]qPm-h-kvXphpw AXns‚ kz¥w t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sm-dn√. GXns‚ ]Xn-jvT-bmtWm AXns‚ t]cn-em-WXv Adn-b-s∏-SpI. _“mhv, hnjvWp, inh≥, IrjvW≥, Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏≥ t]mep-≈-h-cpsS hnK-l-ßƒ Ah-cpsS t]cn-emWv hnfn-°-s∏-SpI. A√msXI√n≥ IjWw, ac-°p‰n, Hmń≥IjWw, aÏq\ F∂n-ßs\, F¥p-sIm-≠mtWm Ah \n¿an-°-s∏-´Xv Ah-bpsS t]cn-e√. F∂m¬ IAv-_-bnse Idp-Ø -I√v AtX t]cn-emWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Idp-Ø I√vF∂-Xns‚ Ad-_n-]-Z-amWv "lP-dp¬ AkvhZv' F∂Xv. AXv ]Xn-jvTtbm ]qPm-h-kvXpthm hnK-ltam As√-∂-Xn\v Cu \maw Xs∂aXn-bmb sXfn-hmWv.

3. \qdpw A™qdpw Bbn-chpw ao‰¿ Hmá’cw \S-°p-tºmƒHm´w Bcw-`n-°p-t∂-SØv Hc-S-bm-f-ap-≠m-Ip-at√m. A∆n[w hnip≤


IAvv_°p Np‰pw ]bmWw \S-Øp-tºmƒ AXm-cw-`n-°m-\p≈ AS-bm-f-amWv lP-dp¬ AkvhZv. AXn-\-∏pdw AXn\v ]tXyI ]pWytamssZhn-I-Xtbm I¬]n-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. ]hm-N-Is‚ ASpØ A\p-bm-bnbpw c≠mw Jeo-^-bp-amb Da-dp¬ mdqJvC°mcyw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. B I√n\v ]tXyI]pWyw Bcpw I¬]n-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\mbn At±lw ]d™p: ""\o tIhewHcp I√mWv. \_n Xncp-ta\n \ns∂ Npw_n-®n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \ns∂Rms\m-cn-°epw apØp-am-bn-cp-∂n√.''""IA-v_°p Np‰p-ap≈ ]bm-W-Øn\v ]mcw`w Ipdn-°m≥ AS-bm-f-ambn I√p-Xs∂ thW-sa-∂pt≠m?''

""CXns‚ ImcWw Xo¿Øpw Ncn-X-]-c-amWv. A√m-lp-hns\ Bcm-[n-°m-\mbn BZy-ambn \n¿an-°-s∏´ h-\-amWv IAv_. ssZhw \n›-bn® ÿeØv C_vdmlow \_nbpw aI≥ Ckvam-Cu¬ \_nbpw Iq-Sn-bm-WXv \n¿an-®Xv. B hnip≤ aµn-c-Øns‚ `mK-sa∂v Xo¿®bp≈I√mWv lP-dp¬ AkvhZv. AXn-\m¬ ]hm-N-I≥am¿ ]WnX tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ `mK-sa∂ Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]m[m-\y-amWv B IdpØ I√n-\p-≈Xv.

""ZnhyXzw I¬]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Bcm-[y-h-kvXp-h-s√-¶n¬ F¥n-\mWvAXns\ Npw_n-°p-∂Xv?''

a\p-jy¿ ]Xn-hmbn Npw_n-°m-dp-≈Xv Bcm-[y-h-kvXp-°-sf-b-√t√m;kvt\ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-sb-bm-Wt√m. Xs‚ ]q¿hn-I-cmb C-_vdmlow\_nbpw Ckvam-Cu¬ \-_nbpw ]WnX ssZhnI `h-\-Øns‚ `mK-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ apl-Ω-Zv \_n AXns\ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs‚ hnS-hm-ß¬ Xo¿Ym-S-\-Øn¬ ]hm-N-I≥ AXns\Npw_n®p. AXn-\m¬ F°m-ehpw F√m Xo¿Ym-S-Icpw AXns\ Npw_n-®p-h-cp∂p. ]n∂mse hcp∂ hnizm-kn-Iƒ Xs‚ amXrI ]n¥p-S-cp-sa∂v]hm-N-I-∂-dn-bm-am-bn-cp∂p. F∂n´pw ]hm-N-I-\Xp sNbvXp. ]n≥Km-an-I-fpsS Np≠p-Iƒ Xs‚ Npw_-\-Øns‚ Hm¿a-I-fp-ambn Idp-Ø- I-√n≥ta¬ ]Xn-bp-sa∂ ]Xo-£-tbm-sS-Øs∂. AXn-\m¬ D]-Im-ctamD]-Z-htam sNøm-\m-hmØ shdp-samcp I√v amX-am-WsX∂v At±lw]tXyIw Du∂n-∏-d™p.

lP-dp¬ Akvh-Zn-\p≈ Npw_\w ]hm-N-I-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\l-]-I-S\w amX-asX. AXn¬ Bcm-[-\m-hn-Im-c-an√. D≠m-Im-h-Xp-a√. Ime-Øn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v Xs‚ apgp-h≥ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p-ambn \_n-Xn-cp-ta\nA¿∏n® ]Xo-Im-fl-I-amb ]cn-cw- -W-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-I-bmWv AXns\DΩ-h-bv°p-∂-h-scm-s°bpw. \nc-h[n \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse At\Iw Xe-ap-d-I-fnse tImSm-\p-tImSn hnizm-kn-I-fpsS A[-c-kv]¿i-ta-‰n-SØvkz¥w Np≠p-Iƒ hbv°p-∂-Xn-eqsS hnizmkn Xs∂ ]q¿hn-I-cp-ambn_‘n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv. \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS Ahn-cmaw XpS¿∂p-h-cp∂ hnizmkn kaq-l-Øns‚ alm-]-hm-l-Ønse Hcp IWnI amX-

5 9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

amWv Xms\∂ t_m[w AXv Xo¿Ym-S-I-\n-ep-W¿Øp∂p. Aßs\\nc-h[n \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS ]c-∂p-In-S-°p∂ ]q¿hn-I-cp-ambn Xs∂sshIm-cn-I-ambn _‘n-°p∂p. AXv am\-h-X-bpsS GI-X-sb-°p-dn®Ah-t_m[w hf¿Øp-Ibpw Ahm-Ny-amb A\p-`qXn \¬Ip-IbpwsNøp∂p. AXn-\-∏pdw B IdpØ I√n\v ssZhn-IX I¬]n-°p-Itbm,AXns\ ]Xn-jvT-bmbn KWn-°p-Itbm, Bcm-[\m hnIm-c-tØmsSsXmSp-Itbm Npw_n-°p-Itbm ho£n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv A£-¥-hy-amb A]-cm-[-amWv. AXv Ckvemw IWn-i-ambn hne-°nb _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS `mK-asX.


F´v

AssZz-XsØAwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

""AssZz-X-kn-≤m-¥sØ Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂pt≠m? Cs√-¶n¬F¥p-sIm≠v?''

ioi-¶cm-Nm-cy-cmWv Hcp kn≤m-¥-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ AssZz-XsØ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Ggmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-Ønepw F´mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Øn-ep-am-bmWv At±lw Pohn-®-sX-∂mWv s]mXp [mc-W. F∂m¬ F´mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-Øn-em-sW∂pw HºXmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]m-Z-Øn-em-sW-∂p-sams° hniz-kn-°p-∂-hcpw hnc-f-a-√.P∑-\mSv tIc-f-Ønse Ime-Sn-bm-sW∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿Xs‚ Kpcp-hmb tKmhn-µs‚ BNm-cy-\mb KuV-]m-Z-\n¬\n-∂mWvAssZz-X-kn-≤m¥w kzoI-cn-®-Xv. F¶nepw _mZ-cm-b-Ws‚ _“-kq-X-Øns‚ hymJym-\-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv At±lw AssZzXw Bhn-jvI-cn-®-Xv. D]-\n-j-Zvhm-Iy-ß-fpsS ka-\z-b-cq-]-amWv _“-kq-Xw.

tIc-f-Ønse AssZz-X-Øns‚ G‰w Icp-Ø-\mb h‡m-hm-bn-cp∂hnZym-hm-Nm-kv]Xn hn. ]t\mfn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""AssZzX Z¿i-\sØbmYm¿Yy-am-°m≥ t]m∂-XmWv BNm-cy-ho-£-Ww. _“w \n¿Kp-W-am-sW∂pw Pohm-flmhpw ]c-am-flmhpw GI-am-sW∂pw sXfn-bn-°m≥ioi-¶c `K-h-Zv]m-Z¿°-√msX as‰m-cm-Nm-cy\pw km[n-®n-ń-√.''(io-i-¶-c-Z¿i-\w, amXr-`q-an ]n‚nwKv B‚ v ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\n enan-‰-Uv,1998, ]pdw 61)

_p≤-a-XsØ t\cn-Sm-\mWv ioi-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ AssZz-X-kn-≤m¥wBhn-jvI-cn-®-Xv. ]t\mfn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Xcw-Xm-Wp-t]mb _p≤-a-X-Øns‚ FXn¿∏p-Isf ioi-¶-c\v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-∂p. ]kvXpXkml-N-cy-Øn¬ _p≤-a-X-Øns‚ oj-Wnsb sNdp-°p-hm≥ i‡hpw\qX-\-hp-amb Hcp XXz-imkvXw cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. ioi-¶-cs‚ AssZz-X-aXw [ochpw ka¿Y-hp-amb hn[-Øn¬B sh√p-hn-fnsb t\cn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.''(Ibid ]pdw 138)

_p≤-a-XsØ t\cn-Sm≥ i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ Ah-cpsS Bi-b-ßƒXs∂

6 1kvt\l-kw-hmZw

ISw sIm≈p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hn. ]t\mfn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Ah-bn¬\n∂vkzoIm-cy-ambsXms° BNm-cy≥ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw kzho-£-W-Øn¬hne-bn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]—-∂-_p-≤≥ F∂ A]-c-\maw t]mepwioi-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.''(Ibid ]pdw 68)

i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ AssZz-XsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: ""_“-k-Xyw, PK∑n-Yym, Pothm _ss“-h \m ]cx''(_“w kXyw; PKØv Ab-Ym¿Yw; Poh≥ _“-a-√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√.)

hn. ]t\mfn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""BNm-cy-kzm-an-Iƒ Bbn-c-Øm-≠p-Iƒ°-∏pdw Cu temItØmSmbn ]h-Nn®p: Cu Zriy-]-]©w F¥n¬\n-∂p-Zv`-hn-®pthm AXv _“-am-Ip-∂p. AXm-Is´ GIhpw \nXy-hp-am-Wv. A¶-c≥, Aa-c≥, ]c-am-flmhv XpS-ßn-bn-´p≈ t]cp-I-fn¬ _“wAdn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. AX-dn™p Ign-™m-em-Is´ temI-Ønse k¿hhpwAdn-bm≥ Ign-bpw. thZ-ßƒ°pw _“-sa∂v t]cp-≠v. ]c-am-flmhpwPohm-flmhpw H∂p-X-s∂. tIhew Ahn-Zy-sIm≠mWv Aß-s\-b-s√∂vtXm∂p-∂-Xv. Cu AhnZy H∂p-am-X-amWv ZpxJ-Im-c-Ww. Bfl⁄m-t\m-Z-b-Øn¬ AhnZy \oßpw. I¿Xr-Xzhpw t`mIvXr-Xzhpw Pohm-flm-hns‚ [¿a-ß-fm-Wv. ⁄m\n-Iƒ°v I¿a-an√; ico-c-_-‘-an-√. _t“m-]m-k-I¿ _“-ambn `hn-°p-∂p.''(Ibid, ]pdw 113)

At±lw Xs∂ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""F´p-Im-en-bn¬\n∂v \qse∂ t]mse,ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂v tIi-tcmam-Zn-I-sf∂ t]mse \nXy-h-kvXp-hmb _“-Øn¬\n∂v DZv q-X-am-b-XmWv Cu P-KØv' F∂v apfi-tIm-]-\n-j-Øn¬]kvXm-hn-®-Xmbn ImWmw.''(Ibid, ]pdw 48)

]mc-am¿Yn-I-ambn _“w amX-ta-bp-≈q-sh∂pw PKØv amb-bm-sW∂pw Ahn-Zy-bmWv AXv bmYm¿Yy-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sm≥ Imc-W-sa∂pw ka¿Yn-°m-\mbn AssZz-X-hm-Zn-Iƒ ]ehn[ DZm-l-c-W-ßfpwka¿∏n-°m-dp-≠v. Nne-Xn-hnsS tN¿°p∂p:

1. kz¿W-ame FSpØv F¥m-sW∂v tNmZn-®m¬ Ghcpw ame F∂p]d-bpw. AXv Dcp-°n hf-bm-°n-bm¬ hf-sb∂pw ]mZ-k-c-am-°n-bm¬B t]cnepw Adn-b-s∏-Spw. F∂m¬ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ AsXm-∂p-a√ Ah;kz¿W-sa∂ Ah-ÿ°p amX-amWv am‰-an-√m-Ø-Xv. A∆n[w C°m-W-s∏-Sp∂ PKØv _“-Øns‚ hnh¿ØnX cq]-am-Wv. ]Im-inX cq]wI≠v Ah -b-Ym¿Y-am-sW∂v [cn-°p-∂Xv Ahn-Zy-Im-c-W-am-Wv. Bfl-⁄m\w t\Sp-∂-tXmsS Ah-sb√mw hyh-lm-cn-I-am-sW∂pw ]mc-am¿Yn-I-ambn _“-ta-bp-≈q-sh∂pw t_m[y-am-hp-∂p. hfbpw amebpw ]mZ-k-chpw kz¿W-am-sW-∂-dn-bp-∂-t]m-se.

2. kz]v\-Ønse A\p-`-hhpw DW¿®-bnse A\p-`-hhpw XΩn¬A¥-c-an-√. F∂m¬ kz]v\-Ønse A\p-`hw bmYm¿Yy-a-√. C∆n-[w-Xs∂ Ahn-Zy-bp-≈-t∏mƒ bmYm¿Yy-ambn tXm∂p-∂-Xv hnZy t\Sp-∂-tXmsS amb-bm-sW∂v t_m[y-am-Ipw. Dd-°-Ønse kz]v\w DW¿®-bn¬ Ab-Ym¿Y-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-t]m-se.


3. aßnb shfn-®-Øn¬ Ib¿ I≠m¬ ]mºm-sW∂v Icp-Xpw.shfn®w hcp-∂-tXmsS bmYm¿Yyw Xncn-®-dn-bpw. A∆n[w AhnZy Imc-W-amWv PKXv bmYm¿Yy-am-bn-tXm-∂p-∂-Xv. _“-⁄m\w e`n-°p-∂-tXmsS AXv amb-bm-sW∂pw _“w amXta ]mc-am¿Yn-I-am-bp-≈q-sh∂pw t_m[y-am-Ipw.

AXn-\m¬ Pohm-flm-hn\v hymh-lm-cnI Xe-Ønte AkvXn-Xz-ap-≈q. ]mc-am¿YnI Xe-Øn-eXv _“w Xs∂-bm-Wv. AYhm Pohmflm-hpw ]camflmhpw H∂p-X-s∂. hnZy t\Sp-∂-tXmsS CXv Xncn-®-dn-bpw.

Cu AssZzX kn≤m-¥sØ Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂pt≠m F∂vBtem-Nn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv CXv ssZhn-Itam sshZn-Itam aX-]-ctamBtWm F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. _“-kq-XsØ Ah-ew-_n-®n-´m-Wt√m i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ Cu kn≤m¥w Bhn-jvI-cn-®-Xv.

B¿°pw F∆n-[hpw hymJym-\n-°m≥ ]mI-Øn¬ Ahy-‡hpwZp¿K-l-hp-amWv _“-kqXw. tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""hm°p-Iƒ Ign-bm-hp-∂X Ipd-°m-\p≈ Xnc-°n¬ kqX-ßƒ Zp¿Km-ly-amhp-Ibpw hymJym\w A\n-hm-cy-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.'' (_“-kqX, ]pdw23)

lmPnan \I-apd Fgp-Xp∂p: ""hymJym-\-an-√msX _“-kq-X-ØnseHcp hmIyw t]mepw a\- n-em-°m≥ ]bm-k-amWv. AXnse Hcp hmIy-Øn¬ hnj-btam hnj-bntbm C√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv km[m-c-W-amWv. Nne-t∏mƒ G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ ]Zw Xs∂ hn´p-t]m-bn-cn°pw. AXn-√msXhmNIw Kln-°m-\m-hn√. ct≠m Gdn-bm¬ ]tØm hm°p-Iƒ AS-ßn-b-XmWv Hcp kqXw. Zo¿L-amb kqXw A]q¿h-amWv. Nne-t∏mƒHcp kqX-Øn¬ Hscm‰ hmt° ImWq'' (History of Early Vedantha Philoso-phy, p. 440. D≤-cWw: _“-kqXw ssZzXtam AssZz-Xtam? ]pdw 31)

hymJym-Xm-hns‚ `mh-\bv°pw k¶¬]-Øn\pw hºn® ]m[m-\yhpw ]map-Jyhpw ssIh-cm-\nXv Imc-W-ambn. _“-kq-XsØ Ah-ew-_n®v ]c-kv]-c -hn-cp-≤-amb kn≤m-¥-ßƒ cq]wsIm≈m-\p≈ Imc-Whpw CXp-Xs∂. i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS AssZz-Xhpw cmam-\p-Pm-Nm-cy-cpsShnin-jvSm-ssZz-Xhpw am[zm-Nm-cy-cpsS ssZzX-hp-sa√mw _“-kq-XsØB[m-c-am-°n-bp-≈-h-bm-Wt√m. aq∂n-s\bpw Htc-t]mse ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°nb ]fin-X-∑m¿ _“-kqXw AssZz-X-tØ-°mƒ ASpØp\n¬°p-∂Xv ssZzX-tØm-Sm-sW∂v Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. AssZz-X-Øns‚ bYm¿Y tkmX v A]-`wiw h∂ _u≤Z¿i-\-am-sW∂pw Ah-c-`n-]m-b-s∏-ń-´p≠v.

C¥y≥ Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS NcnXw ka-K-ambn ka¿∏n® ]apJ ]fin-X-\mb ZmkvKp]vX Fgp-Xp∂p: ""kqX-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hn[nI¬]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ i¶-cs‚ Zm¿i-\nI kn≤m-¥sØ _“-kqXw ]n¥p-W-°p-∂-Xmbn F\n°p tXm∂p-∂n√. i¶-c≥ Xs∂bpwssZzX-kz- m-h-Øn¬ hymJym-\n® Nne kqX-ßƒ AXn-ep≠p Xm\pw.''(A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. II, P. 2)

6 3kvt\l-kw-hmZw

At±lw Xs∂ XpS-cp∂p: ""Xs‚ Z¿i\w D]-\n-j-Øp-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-em-bn-cp∂p i¶-c\v Xm¬]cyw.]t£, BkvXn-I-hm-Z-]-chpw ssZzX-ho-£-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb[mcmfw hmIy-ßƒ D]-\n-j-Øp-I-fn-ep≠v. `mjm-]-c-amb IuiewFX-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂mepw i¶-cs‚ kn≤m-¥sØ ]n¥p-W-°p∂A¿Yw Cu hmN-I-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Is≠-Sp-°m-\m-hn√.''(Ibid, P.2)

""_“-kq-X-Øn\v Bdn-e-[nIw sshjvWh hymJym-\-ß-fp≠v.Ah i¶-cs‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬\n∂p `n∂-am-sW∂p amX-a√, ]c-kv-]cw hyXy-kvX-ß-fmWv. ssZzX- ho-£-W-ßƒ°v Ah \¬Ip∂ Du-∂¬ ]e-hn-[-Ø-nemWv. AsX-s¥m-s°-bm-hs´, i¶-cs‚ hymJym-\-tØ-°mƒ kqX-ß-tfmSv IqSp-X¬ ASp-ØXv _“-kq-X-ß-fpsS ssZz-X hymJym-\-ß-fm-sW∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂p''(Ibid, Vol. I, P. 420, 421).

i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-sb∂v kzbw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ ]apJAssZz-X-hmZn tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Ahn-Zy-sIm-≠mWvtemIw bmYm¿Yy-ambn tXm∂p-∂-sX∂ ImgvN-∏m-S√ _“-kq-X-Im-c-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂v hy‡-amWv. ]]-©-krjvSn Kuc-h-I-c-amb ]iv\-am-bmWv kqX-Im-c≥ I≠n-´p-≈Xv. kmwJy-∑m-cpsS ]Ir-Xn-b√ ]]-©-Øn\p Imc-W-sa∂pw AXoh _p≤n-bmb _“-amWv AXns‚krjvSn°p ]n∂n-se∂pw kqX-Im-c≥ hmZn-°p∂p. temIw amb-bm-sW∂ bmsXmcp kqN-\bpw Chn-sS-bn√''(Brahmasutra, P. 252).

Pohm-flmhpw ]c-am-flmhpw H∂m-sW∂ i¶-c-Z¿i-\-sØbpw cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ \ncm-I-cn-°p∂p: ""Pohm-flmhv I¿a-\n-c-X-amWv. AXv B\-µ-Øn-emWv. KpWhpw tZmjhpw B¿Pn-°p-Ibpw kpJhpw ZpxJhpwA\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. ]c-am-flm-hn\v hyXy-kvX-amb ]Ir-X-am-Wp-≈Xv. F√m Zpcn-X-ß-fn¬\n∂pw AXv kzX-¥-amWv. c≠pw XnI®pw`n∂-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Pohm-flm-hns‚ A\p-`-h-ßƒ ]c-am-flm-hns\ _m[n-°p-∂n√. Pohm-flmhv kpJhpw ZpxJhpw A\p-`-hn-°p∂p. ImcWwAXv I¿a-hn-t[-b-amWv. F∂m¬ ]c-am-flmhv AXn-\-Xo-X-hp-amWv'' (Ibid,273).

""k¿K-i-‡n-bmb _“w Pohm-flm-hn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amWv.Pohm-flm-hn\v kzbw-`q-hm-Imt\m kzbw \in-°mt\m Ign-bn√. ]tbm-P-\-I-c-a-√m-ØXpw CjvS-I-c-a-√m-Ø-Xp-amb I¿a-ß-sfm∂pw _“wsNøp-∂n√. D]-Im-c-ßƒ sNtø≠ Bh-iytam D]-Z-h-ßƒ sNøm-Xn-cn-t°≠ Bh-iytam AXn-\n√. _“-Øn\v Adn-bm-ØtXm _“-Øn\v ]¶n-√m-ØtXm Bbn bmsXm-∂p-an√. Pohm-flm-hn\v hyXy-kvX-amb kz`m-h-am-Wp-≈Xv. ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® ]cn-an-Xn-I-sf√mw AXn-\p≠v''(Ibid, 355).

""Pohm-flmhpw ]c-am-flmhpw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-sW∂v \mw Icp-Xp-∂n√.F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ Ah-bv°n-S-bnse hyXym-k-ßƒ hy‡-ambn]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-ń-´p≠v.''(Ibid, 417).


Pohm-flmhpw ]c-am-flmhpw H∂m-sW∂ i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS kn≤m-¥sØ _“-kqXw ]n¥p-W-°p-∂n-s√∂ hkvXpX tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW-s\-t∏mse \nc-h[n Zm¿i-\n-I-∑m¿ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. i¶-cm-ssZz-X-Øns‚ i‡-\mb A\p-Iq-en-bm-bn-cp-∂n-´p-IqSn tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW\v Xs‚ hntbm-Pn∏v hy‡-am-t°-≠n-h-∂Xv AXn-\m-emWv. C]-Im-cw-Xs∂ i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ \nc-¥cw Bh¿Øn-°p∂ "amb' F∂ ]Zw-Xs∂ _“-kq-X-Øn¬ Hcn-S-Øp-am-Xta ]tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈q (_“-kqXw 3:2:3). kz]v\-temIw AXns‚ auen-I -kz-`m-h-Øn¬Xs∂shdpw tXm∂-em-sW∂pw DW¿®-m Ah-ÿ-bnse ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ AXn-\n-s√∂pw hy‡-am-°p-I-bmWv kqX-Im-c-\n-hnsS. AYhm, Hcn-SØv"amb' F∂ ]Z-ap-]-tbm-Kn-®-Xp-Xs∂ i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS kn≤m-¥-Øn\vIS-I-hn-cp-≤-amb Bibw ]Im-in-∏n-°m-\mWv. kz]v\-Ønse A\p-`-hhpw DW¿®-bn-teXpw Htc-t]m-se-bm-sW∂ hmZ-am-Wt√m i¶-c-Z¿i\w ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xv.

bmYm¿YysØ ]c-am¿Yn-I-sa∂pw hymh-lm-cn-I-sa∂pw i¶-c≥c≠mbn Xncn-°pIbpw hymh-lm-cnIw amb-bm-sW∂v hmZn-°p-IbpwsNøp∂p. F∂m¬ CØ-c-samcp hn`-P\w Xs∂ _“-kq-X-Øn\vA\y-amWv. tUm. \I-apd Fgp-Xp∂p: ""CXv hymh-lm-cn-Im¿Y-Øn-ep≈hni-Zo-I-c-W-amWv. ]c-am¿Yn-I- X-e-Øn-ep-≈-X√. ]c-am¿YnI Xe-Øn¬Ch- c≠pw H∂p-X-s∂-bmWv. i¶-c-\n¬ \n∂p-≠m-hp∂ CØcw Nn¥_“-kq-X-Øns‚ kØ-tbmSv \nc-°p-∂-X√''(History of Early VedanthaPhilosophy, P. 460. D≤-cWw: _“-kqXw ssZzXtam AssZz-Xtam, ]pdw44).

i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS AssZz-X- kn-≤m¥w BZym-h-km\w thZ-ßƒ°pwD]-\n-j-Zvhm-Iy-ß-fpsS ka-\z-b- cq-]-amb _mZ-cm-b-Ws‚ _“-kq-X-Øn\pw IS-I-hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂v CsX√mw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ bYm¿Y Ah-ew-_-amb KuV-]m-Z≥ C°mcyw_p≤-a-X-°m-tcmSv Xpd∂pkΩ-Xn-®n-cp∂p. tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Xs‚ ho£Ww bmsXmcp [¿a-imkvX KŸ-ß-sfbpw Cuiz-c-t]m-‡-ß-sfbpw Znhym-\p- q-Xn-I-sfbpw B[m-c-am-°p-∂n√ F∂ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ At±lw _p≤-a-X-°m-tcmSv \nth-Z\w sNøp-I-bp-≠mbn.''(`mc-Xob Z¿i\w, hmfyw c≠v, ]pdw 444)

i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS AssZzXw thZ-hn-cp-≤-sa-∂-t]m-se-Øs∂ bp‡n-hn-cp-≤-hp-amWv. Gsd ]k-‡-ß-fmb Ht´sd tNmZy-ß-fpsS apºn¬DØcw \¬Im-\m-hmsX ]I-®p-\n¬°m≥ AssZz-X-hm-Zn-Iƒ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-hp-∂Xpw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂. Nne-Xp-am-X-an-hnsS tN¿°p∂p:

1. temIw amb-bm-sW∂v ]d-bp∂ i¶-cm-Nm-cycpw At±-l-Øns‚ico-chpw imco-cn-Im-h-b-h-ßfpw a\ pw _p≤nbpw amb-bt√? ]]©wamb-bm-sW∂v Is≠-Ønb a\- p-Xs∂ amb-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ amb-bpsSIs≠-Øepw amb-bt√? AssZz-X-kn-≤m¥w a\- ns‚ Is≠-Ø-em-

6 5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

b-Xn-\m¬ AssZz-Xhpw amb-bt√? At∏mƒ temIw amb-bm-sW-∂-Xpƒs∏sS AssZz-X- kn-≤m¥w amb-bpsS Z¿i-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬Xo¿Øpw ambbt√?

2. _mZ-cm-b-W\pw At±-l-Øns‚ _“-kq-Xhpw amb-bt√? amb-bmb _“-kq-X-Øn\v amb-bmb i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ \¬Inb hymJym-\hpwamb-bt√?

3. bYm¿Y-amb _“hpw Ab-Ym¿Y-amb PKØpw XΩn-ep≈_‘-sa¥v? PKXv _“-Øn¬\n∂v A\y-a-s√-¶n¬, _“-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-sa-¶n¬ ]cn-h¿Ø-\- hn-t[-b-amb PKØpw ]cn-h¿Ø-\ -hn-t[-b-a-√mØ _“hpw Fßs\ H∂mIpw? ambbpw ]c-am¿Yhpw XmZm-flyw ]m]n-°ptam?

4. bYm¿Y-amb _“w amb-bmb ]]-©sØ kzoI-cn-°ptam?_“w PK-Øn\v Imc-W-amtWm? BsW-¶n¬ Imc-W-amb _“w A\-¥hpw kzbw-`q-hp-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Imcy-amb PKØpw A\-¥hpw kzbw-`q-hp-am-tI-≠-Xt√?

5. PKØv i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ ]d-™Xp t]mse \ng-em-sW-¶n¬ \yq\-X-bn-√mØ _“-Øns‚ \ng-en¬ \yq\X D≠m-Iptam? ]m]-an-√mØ_“-Øns‚ \ng-en¬ ]m]-ap-≠m-Iptam? \ng-en¬ ]m]hpw ]pWyhpwD≠m-hp-∂-sX-ßs\?

6. ambbv°v AkvXn-Xz-apt≠m? Cs√-¶n¬ C°m-Wp∂ PKtØm?PK-Øns\ P\n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-amdv i‡-am-Wt√m amb. AkvXn-Xz-ap-s≠-¶n¬ _“-tØm-sSm∏w AkvXn-Xz-ap≈ as‰m-∂p-apt≠m? F¶n¬AXv ssZzX-am-hnt√?

7. PK-Øn\v ImcWw _“tam AtXm Ahn-Zytbm? AhnZyBcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? _“-amtWm Ahn-Zy°p ImcWw? AhnZyXs∂ amb-bt√? At∏mƒ amb-bmb Ahn-Zy-bmWv ]]©w amb-bm-sW∂v tXm∂m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-sa∂ kn≤m-¥hpw amb-bt√?

8. AhnZy ]c-am¿YnI kXy-am-sW-∂mWv hmZ-sa-¶n¬ ]c-am¿YnI-ambn _“-hp-ap≠v. Ahn-Zy-bp-ap≠v. AXv ssZzXsØ AwKo-I-cn-°-em-hnt√? c≠v ]c-am¿YnI kXy-ap-s≠∂v kΩ-Xn-°-et√? AXn-\m¬AhnZy ]c-am¿YnI kXy-am-sW∂p ]d-™mepw hymh-lm-cn-I-am-sW∂p hmZn-®mepw ]c-am-_-≤-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bnt√?

9. kz]v\-Ønse A\p-`-hhpw DW¿®-bnse A\p-`-hhpw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-sW∂ i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS hmZw Xo¿Øpw sX‰t√? kz]v\wbYm¿Y-am-sW∂ tXm∂¬ tIhew tXm∂-em-sW-∂-Xt√ kXyw?Hcmƒ hoWv Imep apdn-™-Xmbn kz]v\w-I-≠m¬ Im¬ apdn-™-XmbntXm∂pw. ]t£, AXv tIhew tXm∂-emWv. DW¿®-bn¬ Im¬ apdn-™m¬ AXv tXm∂-en¬ \n¬°ptam?

10. DW¿®-bnse A\p- -h-ßƒ°v Imcy-Im-c-W-_-‘-ap-≠mhpw. apdn-hp-≠m-bmte c‡-sam-en-°p-I-bp≈q. F∂m¬ kz]v\-Øn¬ CØcw


Imcy-Im-cW _‘-sam-∂p-an-√msX kw`-h-ßƒ \S-∂-Xmbn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂p. kz]v\hpw DW¿®-bnse A\p-`-hhpw Hcp-t]m-se-b-s√∂vCXv Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p-∂nt√?

11. kz]v\w kzbw Ab-Ym¿Ytam ambtbm A√. kz]v\w ImW-W-sa-¶n¬ ImWp∂ hy‡n D≠m-hWw; Abmƒ Dd-ßWw; kz]v\-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-hbv°v GtXm A¿Y-Øn¬ bmYm¿Yy-tem-IØvAkvXn-Xz-ap-≠m-IWw. AXn-\m¬ kz]v\w amb-bm-sW∂ hmZ-at√amb? Dd°w, DW¿® F∂o bmYm¿Yy-ß-fn¬ Dd-°-sa-∂Xv kw`-hn-®m-et√ kz]v\w D≠m-Ip-I-bp≈q? Pohn-X-Øn¬ H∂pw I≠n-ń-√mØA‘≥ kz]v\w ImWptam? At∏mƒ kz]v\w ImWp-∂-h∂pw IÆvF∂ bmYm¿Yyw D≠m-th-≠-Xnt√?

12. Ccp-ń¬ Ibdv ImWp-tºmƒ ]mºm-sW∂v [cn-°p-∂Xv Ccp´v,]mºv, Ibdv F∂nh bmYm¿Yy-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠t√? shfn-®-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Ib-dm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂Xv Ib-dn\v AkvXn-Xz-ap-≈-Xp-sIm-≠t√? bYm¿Y temIØv Ibdpw ]mºpw Ccp-´p-sam-∂p-an-s√-¶n¬]mºm-sW∂ tXm∂¬Xs∂ D≠m-hp-I-bn-√t√m. AXn-\m¬ i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ temIw anYy-bm-sW∂pw Ahn-Zy-bmWv AXv bmYm¿Yy-am-sW∂vtXm∂m≥ Imc-W-sa∂pw hcp-Øm-\mbn ]d™ DZm-l-cWw t]mepw]]©w amb-b√, bmYm¿Yy-am-sW-∂t√ sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv?

13. ]c-am¿Yn-Im¿Y-Øn¬ Pohm-flmhpw _“hpw As√-¶n¬ ]c-am-flmhpw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ Pohm-flmhv anYy-bm-sW∂pw hmZn-°p∂ i¶-cmNm-cy¿ Pohm-flmhv _“-⁄m\w t\Sp-I-hgn ]c-am-flmhv As√-¶n¬ _“-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-sa∂v kn≤m-¥n-°p∂p. hymh-lm-cn-I -X-e-Øn¬ amXw AkvXn-Xz-ap≈, ]c-am¿Yn-I -X-e-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬]n-√mØ Pohm-flmhv Fß-s\-bmWv ]c-am¿Yn-I -X-e-Øn¬ ]c-am-flm-hmbn amdpI? kqcy\pw sh≈-Øn-ep≈ AXns‚]Xn-_nw-_hpw t]mse-bmWv ]c-am-flmhpw Pohm-flm-hp-sa∂v KuV-]m-Z\pw i¶-cm-Nm-cycpw DZm-l-cn-°p∂p. ]Xn-_nw_w kqcyt\m kqcy-s‚ `mKtam A√. bYm¿Y AkvXnXzw t]mep-an-√mØ AsX-ß-s\-bmWv kqcy-\mbn amdpI? ]c-am¿Yn-I-ambn Pohm-flmhv anYy-bm-sW-¶n¬ amb-bmb Pohm-flmhv Fß-s\-bmWv _“-⁄m\w t\SpI?Pohm-flmhv hymh-l-mcn-Itam ]c-am¿Yn-Itam? hymh-lm-cn-I-am-sW-¶n¬AYhm anYy-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]ns∂ Fß-s\-bmWv AkvXn-Xz-an-√mØH∂v _“-⁄m\w t\SpI? ]c-am¿Yn-I-am-sW-¶n¬ ]c-am-flm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w Pohm-flmhpw AkvXn-Xz-ap-≈-h-bmbn D≠m-hp-I-bnt√? CXvssZzX-at√?

14. _“-⁄m\w hymh-lm-cn-Itam ]c-am¿Yn-Itam? hymh-lm-cn-I-am-sW-¶n¬ C√mØ H∂ns\ Fß-s\-bmWv kzmb-Ø-am-°pI? ]c-am¿Yn-I-am-sW-¶n¬ _“-tØm-sSm∏w AkvXn-Xz-ap≈ _“-⁄m-\-sa∂ as‰m-∂p-IqSn D≠m-hnt√?

6 7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

15. hymh-lm-cn-Im¿Y-Øn¬ amXw \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xpw ambbpwkKp-W-hp-amb kz¿Ww, F´p-Im-en, icocw t]mep-≈-hsb \n¿Kp-Whpw ]mc-am¿Yn-I-hp-amb _“-tØmSv D]-an-®Xv icn-bmtWm? hymh-lm-cn-Im¿Y-Øn¬ amXw \ne-\n-ev]p-≈, AYhm amb-bmb F´p-Im-en-bpsS amb-bmb \qen-s\bpw amb-bmb ico-c-Ønse amb-bmbapSn-sbbpw Fßs\ ]mc-am¿Yn-I-amb _“-tØmSp]an°pw?

16. AssZz-X-sa-∂Xv kaq-l-Øn∂v kzoI-cn-°m-hp∂ ]mtbm-KnIkn≤m-¥-a-√. C°mcyw hnZym-hm-Nm-kv]Xn hn. ]t\mfn Xs∂ ]e-X-hW hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v:

""hnth-I- -hn-Nm-c- -ssh-cm-Ky-im-en-I-fmb Bfp-Iƒ temIØv ]Øpe£-Øn-sem-cmƒ t]mep-an-s√-∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. ⁄mt\m-Z-b-Øm¬ A\p-Kr-lo-Xcpw ]m]-©n-I-h-kvXp-°-fpsS £Wn-IXzw Kln-®-h-cp-amb ]pWym-flm-°ƒ amXta tam£m¿Yn-I-fmbn Xocp-I-bp-≈q.A]-Im-c-ap-≈-h-cpsS FÆw FXtbm ]cn-an-X-am-bn-cn°pw.''(io i¶-c-Z¿i\w, ]pdw 136)

""At\Iw tImSn-bn¬ Ht∂m ct≠m t]¿ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ap‡n-amXw e£y-am-°n-b-h-cm-bn-´p-≠m-hmw.''(Ibid ]pdw 14)

tImSn-I-fn¬ Ht∂m ct≠m t]¿°p amXw kzoI-cn-°m-hp∂ Hcpkn≤m-¥-Øn-\p-th≠n P\-tIm-Sn-Iƒ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv \nc¿Y-IhpwhnUvVn-Ø-hp-a-t√m.

17. AssZz-X-kn-≤m¥w Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v ioi-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿]d™p: ""I¿aWmw Nm hnZz Zznjbx'' (I¿a-ßƒ A⁄m-\n-Iƒ°p-≈-Xm-Wv.)

""`mc-Xo-bsc I¿a-hn-ap-J-cm-°n-Øo¿Øp io i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿'' F∂vBt£-]-kz-c-Øn¬ BNm-cysc Aev]w hna¿in-°p-∂p≠v Ac-hn-µ≥,"Cutim]-\n-jØv' F∂ Xs‚ IrXn-bn¬ (D-≤-cWw Ibid, ]pdw 35)

CXns\ hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v hn. ]t\mfn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""hmfn-s‚hmbvØ-e-bn-eqsS \S-∂p-\o-ßpI F∂Xpt]mse ZpjvI-c-amWvbYm¿Y-Øn¬ B≤ym-fl-N-cy-. tIm-Sn-I-fn¬ Hcmƒs°-¶nepw kwkm-c-km-K-c-Øns‚ adp-I-c-]-‰m≥ Ign-s™-¶n¬ AXp-Xs∂ alm-`m-Kyw.At∏mƒ `mc-Xo-bsc I¿a-hn-ap-J-cm°nØo¿Øp BNm-cy-]m-Z¿ F∂p]d-bp-∂Xv \nc¿Y-I-am-Wv.''(Ibid, ]pdw 35)

tImSn-I-fn¬ Hcmƒ°p-t]mepw AssZzXw AwKo-I-cn®v Pohn-°m-\m-hns√∂t√ CXv hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv? AtXm-sSm∏w kaqlw AssZzXwAwKo-I-cn®v Pohn-®m¬ F√m-hcpw I¿a-hn-ap-J-cm-Ip-sa∂pw \mSpw kaq-lhpw \in-°p-sa-∂p-ap≈ hna¿i\w icn-bm-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bt√]t\mfn t]mepw sNøp-∂Xv?

18. i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ ]d-bp∂p: ""Bfl-⁄m-t\m-Z-b-Øn¬ AhnZy\oßpw. I¿Xr-Xzhpw t`m‡r-Xzhpw Pohm-flm-hns‚ [¿a-ß-fmWv.⁄m\n-Iƒ°v I¿Ω-an-√. ico-c-_-‘-an-√. _t“m-]m-k-I¿ _“-ambn`hn-°p-∂p.'' (D-≤-cWw Ibid ]pdw 113). C∆n[w AssZz-Xm-\p- hw t\Snb


Bsc-¶nepw C∂v temI-Øpt≠m? AY-hm, Blmcw Ign-°m-sXbpwa‰p imco-cn-Im-h-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°m-sX-bpw(-A-sXm-s°bpw ambsbAh-ew-_n-°-em-W-t√m.) Pohn-°p∂ Bsc-¶nepw temI-Øpt≠m?Ds≠-¶n¬ B¿? FhnsS? io i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿°p-t]mepw I¿a-an-√m-sXbpw ico-c-_-‘-an-√m-sXbpw Pohn-°m≥ km[n-®n-ń-s√-∂-Xt√kXyw? kzbw BN-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ kn≤m-¥-at√ At±lwapt∂m´p sh®Xv?

19. AssZzXw a\p-jy¿°v Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp∂ Hcp PohnX coXnka¿∏n-°p-∂n-s√-∂n-cns° F¥mWv Cu kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ ]tbm-P\w?tImSn-I-fn-sem-cmƒ°p-t]mepw BN-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ kn≤m¥wF¥n\v? B¿°p-th≠n?

CØcw \nc-h[n ]iv\-ßƒ°v AssZz-X-Øn¬ DØ-c-an√. bp‡n-bpsS hcp-Xn-bn¬ F√mw hc-W-sa∂v hmZ-ap-≈-Xn-\m-e√ CØcw ]iv\-ß-fp-∂-bn-°p-∂Xv. adn®v, F√mw bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ kao-]\w AssZz-X- hm-Zn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®-Xn-\m-emWv.amX-a√, AssZz-X -kn-≤m¥w bp‡n°v AXo-X-am-sW-∂-X√ ]iv\w.Abp-‡n-Ihpw bp‡n-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-sW-∂-XmWv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂AssZzXw Zm¿i-\nI ]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-I-b√; IqSp-X¬ k¶o¿W-am-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv. Ac-hnµv tLmjv C°mcyw Cßs\ hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""anYy F∂ A¿Y-Øn-ep≈ ambm kn≤m-¥hpw ]]©wAb-Ym¿Y-am-sW∂ hmZhpw Zm¿i-\nI ]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-I-b√;krjvSn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv. AkvXn-Xz-]iv\w AXv bYm¿Y-ambn]cn-l-cn-°p-∂n√, adn®v AXns\ A]-cn-lm-cy-am-°n- hn-Sp-I-bmWv''(Sri.Aurobindo, The Life Divine, 1949, Quoted by Thomas O' Neil, P, 201, D≤-cWw:_“-kqXw ssZzXtam AssZz-Xtam, ]pdw: 63)

AssZz-X -kn-≤m-¥sØ Hcp Pohn-Xm-Z¿i-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ AXns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-hmb i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿°p t]mepw km[n-®n-s√-∂-XmWv hkvXpX. t£X-ßtfm Xo¿Y-ßtfm Bh-iy-an-s√∂vi‡-ambn hmZn-®n-cp∂ At±lw Xs∂ t£X-ß-fn¬ t]mbn-cp∂p.AXns‚ t]cn¬ At±-l-Øn\v Bk-∂-a-c-W-\m-bn-cnt° A\p-X-]n-t°-≠n-h-cn-I-bp-ap-≠mbn. tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""i¶-c≥arXyp-i-ø-bn¬ InS-°p∂ L´-Øn¬, Xm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw t£X-ß-fn¬t]mhm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v £am-bm-N\w sNbvX-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬ AXv Cuiz-cs‚ k¿h-hym-]n-XzsØ \ntj-[n-°-embn tXm∂n-bn-cp∂p'' (`mc-Xob Z¿i\w, hmfyw c≠v, ]pdw 647).

AssZz-X-tØmSv \oXn ]pe¿ØmØ Imcy-ßƒ ioi-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿Xs∂ ]d-™n-´p-s≠-∂Xv kpk-Ω-X-a-sX. hn. ]t\mfn Fgp-Xp∂p:""ioaZv mcXo Xo¿Y-kzm-an-Iƒ (irw-tKcn aTw ioi-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿) tImgn-t°m-´p-h-∂-t∏mƒ (1985¬) Rm≥ At±-lsØ kµ¿in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. DOrw-J-e-amb ]mfin-Xy-Øns‚ DS-a-sb-∂-Xntesd i¶c Z¿i\-

6 9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Øns‚ B[n-Im-cnI h‡m-hpw-IqSnbmWt√m kzman-Iƒ. B \ne°vBNmcy kzman-I-fpsS IrXn-I-sf-°p-dn®v At±-l-Øn-\p≈ A`n-]m-b-am-bn-cn°pw IqSp-X¬ kzoIm-cy-am-bn-cn-°p-I. "hntiz-Øc i¶-c-`m-jy-Øn¬ \n»¶w tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ Bi-b-ß-fpsS Hu∂Xyw]pe¿Øm-ØXpw Nnte-SØv B Bi-b-ßƒ°v Aev]-sa-¶nepw aß-te-ev]n-°p∂Xpamb Nn¥m-i-I-e-ßƒ "hnthI NqUm-aWn' XpS-ßnbIrXn-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂p-≠-t√m' F∂ kwibw Cu teJ-I≥ D∂-bn-®-t∏mƒ alm-\mb kzman-Iƒ ]Xn-I-cn-®Xv Fß-s\-sbt∂m?

"Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-I-fmb cLp-hw-i-Ønepw a‰pw hymI-c-W-\n-bawA\p-h-Zn-°mØ ]e ]Z-]-tbm-K-ßfpw \mw ImWp-∂nt√? GtXm Nnekml-N-cy-ßƒ°p hnt[-b-\m-bn´v alm-Ihn Aßs\sbms° ]Z-]-tbmKw sNbvXp F∂p hnNm-cn-∏m-\t√ D]-]-Øn-bp≈q? BNm-cy-]m-Z-cpsS hnthI-Nq-Um-aWn XpS-ßnb IrXn-I-fnepw a‰p Nnte-SØpw Z¿in-°m-hp∂ Bi-b-ß-fpsS hyXn-bm-\-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw Gsd-°psdta¬]d™ coXn-bn¬ cq]w ]q≠-Xm-sW∂p Icp-Xn-bm¬ aXn.''(io-i-¶c Z¿i-\w, ]pdw 44, 45)

ioi-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿°p-t]mepw Ft∏mgpw AssZz-X-kn-≤m-¥sØapdpsI ]nSn-°m≥ km[n-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂t√ CXp hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv?i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿°v _“-⁄m\w e`n-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂pw CXv sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. e`n-®n-cp∂psh¶n¬ Bi-b-hy-Xn-bm\w kw`-hn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√-t√m.

thZ-hn-cp-≤hpw bp‡n-hn-cp-≤-hp-amb AssZz-X-kn-≤m-¥sØ C-kvemw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n√. thZ-ßfpw D]-\n-jZv hmIy-ß-fpsS ka-\z-b -cq-]-amb _“-kq-Xhpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-t]mse _“w As√-¶n¬Cuiz-c≥ AYhm A√m-lp-hmWv ]]-©-sØbpw AXn-ep-≈-h-sbbpwkrjvSn-®-sX∂pw Cu temIw anYytbm ]c-am¿YnI bmYm¿YytamAs√∂pw ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-bmb £Wn-I- bm-Ym¿Yy-am-sW∂pwAXv kn≤m-¥n-°p∂p. kjvSmhv \n¿Kp-W-\√; kKp-W-\mWv. F∂m¬kjvSmhpw krjvSnbpw Hcn-°epw Hcp Imcy-Ønepw katam kZr-itam A√. kjvSm-hns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-sfm∂pw krjvSn-Iƒ°n√.kjvSm-hn\v Xpey-ambn H∂p-an-s√-∂¿Yw. thZhpw _“-kq-Xhpwkn≤m-¥n-°p-∂Xpw CXp-Xs∂.

k¿h-i-‡\pw k¿h-⁄\pw k¿h-\n-b-¥m-hp-amb A√m-lp-hn-s\-bmWv Jp¿-B≥ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. _“-kqXw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ _“hpw AXp-Xs∂.

"P∑mZn Aky-bYm' (_“-kqXw 1:1:2) F∂-Xns‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb hymJym-\-Øns‚ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ssZh-im-kvX-amWv Cu kqX-Øn-ep-≈Xv. A\p-`-h-th-Zy-amb \nco-£-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw BXy-¥nI bmYm¿Yy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kn≤m¥w \mw cq]o-I-cn-°p∂p. ASpØ kqXw sshZn-I- tkm-


X- p-I-fn-te°v \ΩpsS i≤ Xncn-°p∂p. temI-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ GI -]-c-tam-∂X bmYm¿Yy-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ \nK-a-\-Øn-emWv \msa-Øp-∂Xv. temIw AkvXn-Xz-Øn\pw \ne-\n¬]n\pwhne-b-\-Øn\pw Ah-ew-_n-°p∂ kzbw ]cym-]vX-\mb krjvSn-ssh-`-h-\n¬ \msa-Øp∂p''(Brahmasutra, P. 226).

At∏mƒ i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ Xs‚ bYm¿Y Ah-ew-_-sa∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ _“-kqXw "_“-amWv temI-Øns‚ krjvSn°pw \ne-\n¬]n\pw \mi-Øn\pw \nanØ'sa∂v (1:1:2) IrXy-ambn hy‡-am-°p∂p. _“-Øns‚ Aò-jvS-amWv krjvSn-bpsS Imc-W-sa∂v kn≤m-¥n-°p∂p. Ckvemapw CXp-X-s∂-bmWv ]d-bp-∂Xv. A√m-lp-hmWv ]]-©-Øns‚ kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I\pw \mY\pw \nb-¥m-hp-sa∂pwAhs‚ CObpw (Cdm-ZØv, As√-¶n¬ aio-AØv) Xocp-am\(JZm-Av)hpamWv krjvSn°v Imc-W-sa∂pw AXv hy‡-am-°p∂p. CXn\pIS-I-hn-cp-≤-amb AssZz-X -kn-≤m-¥sØ \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

7 1kvt\l-kw-hmZw

HºXv

]c-tem-I-ap-s≠-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hpt≠m?

""ac-W-tijw \mw ho≠pw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]c-tem-I-ap-s≠-∂-Xn\v h√ sXfn-hp-apt≠m? Ds≠∂ hnizmkw Xo¿Øpw Abp-‡n-I-at√?''

Adnhv B¿Pn-°m≥ \ap-°p-≈Xv A©v Cµn-b-ß-fmWv. ChnsSùXn-I- hn-Zy-Xs∂ hnhn-[-bn-\-amWv. Ah-tbm-tcm-∂n-s‚bpw hmXn¬Xpd-°m≥ hyXykvX Xmt°m-ep-Iƒ thWw. Hmtcm-∂n\pw khn-ti-j-amb am\-Z-fi-ßƒ A\n-hm-cy-amWv. KWn-X-imkvXw ]Tn-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ am\-Z-fi-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v ico-c-imkvXw ]Tn-°pI km[y-a√.KWn-X-im-kvX-Ønse Xs∂ hnhn-[ -h-i-ßƒ°v hyXykvX am[y-aßƒ thWw. Hcp hrØ-Øn\v ap∂q‰dp-]Xv UnKnbpw XntIm-W-Øn\v \q‰n-sb¨]Xp UnKn-bp-am-sW∂ k¶¬]w kzoI-cn-°msXt£X-K-WnXw A`y-kn-°m-\m-hn√. _oP-K-Wn-X-Øn\v `n∂-amb am\-Zfiw A\n-hm-cy-asX. tKmf-imkvXw, qK¿ -imkvXw, qan-imkvXw,kky-imkvXw, P¥p-imkvXw t]mep-≈-h-bvs°√mw ]tXyIw ]-tXyIw am[y-a-ß-fm-h-iy-amWv.

ùXn-I- hn-Zy-bpsS hnhn[ hi-ßƒ°v hyXykvX am\-Z-fi-ßƒthW-sa-∂n-cns°, B[ym-flnI ⁄m\w t\Sm≥ Xo¿Øpw `n∂-ambam¿Kw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. ssZhw, ]c-temIw, kz¿Kw, \cIw, amemJ,]n-imNv t]mep≈ Aù-XnI Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n® Adnhv B¿Pn-°m≥ a\p-jys‚ hiw kz¥-am-sbmcp am[y-ahp-an√; Ncn-X-Øns‚hyXykvX Zimk-‘n-I-fn¬ hnhn-[ -tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-eqsS e`y-amb Znhy-k-tµ-i-ß-f-√msX. Znhy-t_m-[-\-am-Ip∂Bdmw tkmX- n-eqsS Adnhv e`n-°p∂ A\p-Kr-lo-X-cmb ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ ]t©-µn-b-ßƒ amX-ap-≈-h¿ \ntj-[n-°p-∂Xpw \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw IÆp-≈-h¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xns\ Ipcp-S-∑m¿ tNm-Zyw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv. Ce-bpsS \ndw ]®bpw Im°-bpsS \ndwIdp∏pw ]mens‚ h¿Ww shfp-∏p-am-sW∂v \mw ]d-bp-tºmƒ Xß-fXv I≠-dn-™n-ń-s√∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ A‘-∑m¿ AXw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂n-


s√-¶n¬ h¿W-]-]©w Ah¿°v Xo¿Øpw A\yhpw A]m-]y-hp-am-bn-cn°pw. AXp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv Znhy-k-tµ-i-ßsf AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-h-cp-sSbpw Ahÿ. Aù-XnI ⁄m\w Ah¿°v A\yhpw F∂pwA⁄m-X-hp-am-bn-cn°pw.

ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ adp-tem-IsØ Ipdn®pw Ahn-SsØ kz¿K-\-c-I-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw a\p-jy-cm-in°v Adnhp \¬In-bXv Ncn-X-Øns‚hnhn[ L´-ß-fn¬ hnhn[ \mSp-I-fn¬ \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cmWv. Ah¿ F√m-hcpw AXns‚ A\n-hm-cyX Du∂n-∏-d-™n-´p≠v.AtXm-sSm∏w ùXn-I- ]-]-©-Øns‚ LS-\bpw AXnse a\p-jys‚Ah-ÿbpw AØ-c-samcp temI-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-X-bn-te°v shfn®whoip-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

\oXn \S-°-W-sa-∂m-K-ln-°m-Ø-h¿ \t∂ Ipd-hmWv. A\oXn]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿ t]mepw \oXn-°p-th≠n hmZn-°p∂p. Xßƒ \oXn-bpsS h‡m-°-sf∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Hcmƒ h[n-°-s∏- m¬ Abm-fpsS Bin-X¿ sIme-bm-fnsb in£n-°-W-sa∂v sImXn-°p∂p. \oXn-]p-e-cm-\p≈ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS AZ-ay-amb BK-l-am-W-t√m temIØv \nb-ahpw \oXn-\ym-b -hy-h-ÿbpw tIm-S-Xn-Ifpw \nb-a-]m-e-I-cp-sa-√m-ap-≠m-Im≥ ImcWw. \oXn \S-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bmØBcp-ap-≠m-hn-s√-∂¿Yw. F∂m¬, ]q¿Wm¿Y-Øn¬ \oXn ]pe-cp∂\mSpw kaq-l-hp-an√. BscX hnNm-cn-®mepw \njvIr-jvS-amb \oXn\S-∏m-°pI km[y-hp-a√. Hcmsf sIm∂m¬ ]c-am-h[n km[n-°pIsIme-bm-fnsb sIm√m-\mWv. F∂m¬ AXp-sIm≠v h[n-°-s∏-´-hs‚,\nXy-ssh-[-hy-Øns‚ \nXm-¥ -th-Z\ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ hn[-hbv°v`¿Øm-hn-s\tbm A\m-Y-Xz-Øns‚ ]bmkw t]dp∂ a°ƒ°v ]nXm-hn-s\tbm e`n-°p-I-bn√. LmX-Is\ h[n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw sIme-bv°p≈ bYm¿Y ]cn-lm-ctam ]Xn-hn-[ntbm As√-∂¿Yw. AXv `qan-bn¬ kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°m-\p≈ D]m[n amX-asX.

CXp-Xs∂ sIme-bmfn in£n-°-s∏-´m-emWv. F∂m¬ `qan-bnsebYm¿Y Ahÿ F¥mWv? F∂pw Fßpw sIme-bm-fn-Iƒ sskzc-hn-lmcw \S-Øp∂p. sIm≈-°m¿ cwKw ssIb-S-°p∂p. Nqj-I≥am¿am\yX Na-bp-∂p. Agn-a-Xn-°m¿ kkpJw hmgp∂p. AI-an-Iƒ B[n-]Xyw \S-Øp-∂p. h©-I-∑m¿ hnLv\-sam- p-an-√msX \mń-seßpw hnl-cn-°p∂p. \oXn \S-tØ≠ \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ A\o-Xn°v Iq´p-\n¬°p∂p.]W-Øn\pw ]Z-hn-°p-ambn ]cm-I-an-I-fpsS ]£w tNcp∂p. `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ s]mXp-ap-X¬ sIm≈-b-Sn-°p∂p. s]mXp-P-\-ß-sf-hn-sSbpw]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂p. ASn-°Sn A\o-Xn°pw AI-a-Øn\pw ASn-s∏-Sp∂p.\oXn-°m-bp≈ Ah-cpsS A¿Y-\-I-sfm-s°bpw hy¿Y-am-hp∂p. AXn-\m¬ \oXn ]e-t∏mgpw aco-NnI t]mse A]m-]y-asX. alm-`q-cn-]-£-Øn\pw Xo¿Øpw A\yhpw.

\∑ \S-Øp-∂-h¿ ChnsS sImSnb IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒ°n-c-bm-hp∂p.

7 3kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Bscbpw Aev]hpw Atem-k-c-s∏-Sp-Øm-Ø-h¿ AI-an-°-s∏-Sp∂p.\nkzm¿Y-cmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-h¿ \nc-¥cw a¿Zn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. F∂m¬hntZm-l-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ hym]r-X-cm-hp-∂-htcm, hn]-tØ-Xp-ta¬°msXkkpJw hmgp∂p.

Hcmsf sIm∂m¬ ]Icw sIme-bm-fnsb h[n-°m≥ km[n-t®°mw.]t£, ]Øpw \qdpw Bbn-chpw ]Xn-\m-bn-chpw t]sc h[n-®-hscin£n-°m≥ B¿°pw km[y-a√. AXn-\m¬ \njvIr-jvS-amb \oXn\S-Øm≥ B¿°p-an-hnsS km[y-a√. sIm√-s∏-Sp∂ \nc-]-cm-[cpw Ah-cpsS Bin-X-cp-a-\p-`-hn-°p∂ ]bm-k-ßƒ A]m-c-asX. Ahbv°v]cn-lm-c-ap-≠m-°m≥ Ghcpw Ai-‡cpw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ac-W-tØmsS a\p-jy-Po-hnXw HSp-ßp-sa-¶n¬ temI-L-S\ Xo¿Øpw A\o-Xn-]-c-amWv. A¿Y-iq-\yhpw A_-≤-]q¿W-hp-amWv; hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb]]-©-L-S-\-tbmSv Xosc s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sm-ØXpw. Adp-\q-dp -tImSn a\p-jy¿°v Adp-\qdp tImSn apJhpw ssIhn-cepw K‘hpw hyXn-cn-‡-amb Xe-ap-Snbpw c‡-Øp-≈n-I-fp-sa√mw \evI-s∏´v hyh-ÿm-]n-X-ambpw Bkq-Xn-X-ambpw bp‡n-\n-jvT-ambpw krjvSn-°-s∏´ a\p-jy-cpsS A¥yw A∏msS A\o-Xn-]-c-am-hpI Akw-`-hy-asX. AXn-\m¬bYm¿Yhpw ]q¿W-hp-amb \oXn ]pe-cpI Xs∂ thWw. `qan-bn-eXvAkw-`-hy-am-b-Xn-\m¬ ]c-temIw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. F√m-hcpw Xß-fpsS I¿a-êw Ahn-sS-sh®v A\p-`-hn°pw˛\∑ sNbvX-h≥ c£bpwXn∑ sNbvX-h≥ in£bpw.

ac-W-tijw \oXn ]pe-cp∂ adp-tem-I-an-s√-¶n¬ \oXn-t_m-[-ap-≈-h¿ \nXy-\n-cm-i-cm-bn-cn°pw. kZm Akz-ÿcpw Akw-Xr-]vX-cp-am-bn-cn°pw. AtXm-sSm∏w F√m a\p-jycpw ]IrXym \oXn sImXn-°p∂p.AXn-\m¬ AXv ]pe-cp∂ Hcp ]c-temIw \oXn-bpsS tX´-asX; am\ha\- ns‚ taml-km-£m¬°m-chpw. hfsc hyh-ÿm-]n-X-ambn krjvSn-°-s∏´ a\p-jys‚ PohnXw \oXn-c-ln-X-ambn ac-W-tØmsS HSp-ßp-sa∂v [cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ F¥p-sIm≠pw bp‡n-\n-jvThpw _p≤n-]q¿h-I-hp-amWv \oXn ]pe-cp∂ ]c-tem-IsØ kw_-‘n® hnizmkw.

a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-eqsS IS∂pt]mIp∂ kw -h-ß-sf√mw Ah-\n¬IrXy-ambpw IWn-i-ambpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p≠v. F∂m¬ ka¿Y-\mbtUmIvS¿°v ikvX-In-b-bn-eqsS Ah Is≠-Øm-\m-hn√. AXn-hnZ-Kv[-amb D]-I-c-W-ßƒ°p-t]mepw Ah ]I¿ØpI km[y-a√. AtXm-sSm∏w Ah-sbms° a\p-jy\v Hm¿°m≥ Ign-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. A]-Imcw Xs∂ \mw sXmSp-t∂-S-sØ√mw \ΩpsS hnc-e-S-bm-f-ßƒ ]Xn-bp∂p. k©-cn-°p-t∂-S-sØms° \ΩpsS ico-c-Øns‚ K‘w hym]-cn-°p∂p. ]d-bp∂ hm°p-Iƒ A¥-co-£-Øn¬ ebn®p tNcp-IbpwsNøp∂p. Aßs\ \ΩpsS hm°p-Ifpw ]hr-Øn-Ifpw Ne-\-ßfpwhnNm-c-hn-Im-c-ß-fp-sa√mw \ap-°-\p-Iq-etam ]Xn-Iq-etam Bbnkm£yw hln-°m≥ km[n-°p-amdv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øs∏Sp∂p. \Ωn¬ \n∂v


sImgn-™p-t]m-Ip∂ apSnbpw C‰n-ho-gp∂ c‡hpw khn-°p∂ Cµn-b-Øp-≈n-bp-sams° \ap°v A\p-Iq-etam ]Xn-Iq-etam Bb km£y-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p.

k¿thm-]-cn, C√m-bva-bn¬\n∂v ]]-©-sØbpw a\p-jy-\pƒs∏sSAXn-ep≈ k¿h-Xn-s\bpw hfsc Bkq-Xn-X-ambpw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-ambpw IrXy-ambpw IWn-i-ambpw krjvSn® ssZh-Øn\v a\p-jys‚]p\x-krjvSn H´pw ]bm-k-I-ctam Akm-[ytam A√. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ ac-W-tijw adp-tem-IØv a\p-jy-sc√mw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw `qan-bnse I¿a-ß-fpsS êw Ahns-S-h®v A\p-`-hn-t°≠n hcp-sa∂pw ssZhw Xs‚ ZqX≥am-cn-eqsS Adn-bn-®-Xp-t]msekw`-hn-°p-I-Xs∂ sNøpw. AsXm´pw Ahn-iz-k-\o-btam Abp-‡n-Itam A√. adn-®v, AXy-Zv`p-X-I-c-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏á\p-jys‚ PohnXw A\o-Xn-°n-c-bm-bn, A¿Y-c-ln-X-ambn Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn Ah-km-\n-°p-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-XmWv Abp-‡n-Ihpw Ahn-iz-k-\o-bhpw!

Hcp Imcyhpw IqSn kqNn-∏n-°m-\m-K-ln-°p∂p. \mw Ct∏m-gp≈Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v a\- n-em-°p-∂-XmWv bYm¿Y- h-kvXp-X-sb∂v [cn-°p-∂Xv icn-b-√. D]-I-c-W-ta-Xp-an-√msX \ng-ens\ t\m°p-tºmƒ AXv Xo¿Øpw \n›-e-am-sW-∂mWv \ap-°p- tXm-∂p-I. F∂m¬\ng-en\v kZm t\cnb Ne-\-ap-≠-t√m. aco-NnI sh≈-am-sW∂v Icp-Xm-dp-≠v. ASp-sØ-Øp-tºm-gmWv kXyw t_m[y-am-hp-I. \nZm thf-bnse kz]v\-Øn¬ ImWp∂ Imcy-ßƒ bmYm¿Yy-am-sW-∂mWv\ap°v At∏mƒ tXm∂p-I. DWcp-∂-tXmsS adn®v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂p.AXn-\m¬ ]t©-µn-b-ßƒ amX-ap≈ \ap°v a\- n-em-°m-\m-hmØ]eXpw Znhy-t_m-[-\-am-Ip∂ Adn-hns‚ Bdmw tkmX v Xpd-∂p-In-´p∂ ssZh-Zq-X≥am¿°v Kln-°m≥ Ign-bpw. kz]v\w ImWp-∂-h≥At∏mƒ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°-∏p-d-amWv hkvXp-X-sb∂v, DW¿∂n-cn-°p-∂-h≥ Adn-bp∂ t]mse Cµn-b -_-‘n-X-\mb a\p-jy≥ ImWp-∂-Xn-\-∏p-d-amWv kXy-sa∂v ssZh-Zq-X≥am-c-dn-bp-∂p. Ah-cXv kaq-lsØ Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Aù-Xn-I-⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]ng-°mØ GIm-h-ew_w AXp amX-a-sX.

7 5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]Øv

]c-temIw ]c-am¿Ytam?

""a\p-jy≥ ac-W-a-S-™m¬ Nne¿ aÆn¬ adhpsNøp∂p. Gsd ssh-ImsX arX-i-cocw atÆmSp tNcp∂p. thsd Nne¿ PUw NnX-bn¬Zln-∏n-°p∂p. AtXmsS AXv Nmc-ambn amdp∂p. \Zn-bn-sem-gp-°-s∏-Sp∂ ih-i-co-c-ßsf a’yw shń-hn-gp-ßp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cu hn[wA]-Xy-£-cm-hp∂ a\p-jysc ho≠pw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n-°p-sa-∂t√Ckvemw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv? CXv hniz-k-\o-b-amtWm? a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v \nc-°p-∂-XmtWm?''

F∂pw Fhn-sSbpw alm-`q-cn-]£w P\-ßfpw ssZh-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p. Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Cuiz-c-hn-izm-k-an-√mØkaq-l-ßfpw P\-X-Ifpw hfsc hnc-f-asX. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿°v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-∂Xv \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-sf-bm-bn-cp-∂n√.adn®v, ac-Wm-\-¥-c -Po-hn-X-Øn¬ hnizm-k-an-√mØ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]hm-N-I-∑m¿s°-Xnsc AWn-\n-c∂ hnhn[ Ime-L-´-ß-fnse P\-ßƒ ]c-tem-IsØ Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂-hcpw X≈n-∏-d-bp-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cp-∂-bn® hmZ-ßfpw tNmZy-ßfpw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\ D≤-cn-°p∂p:

""Ah¿ ssZh-\m-a-Øn¬ i‡-ambn BW-bn´p ]d-bp∂p: acn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-sc -A-√mlp ho≠pw Pohn-∏n®v Fgp-t∂¬]n-°p-I-bn√.''(A[ymbw 16, hmIyw 38).

""Pohn-X-sa-∂m¬ \ΩpsS Cu sFln-I-Po-hnXw amX-ta-bp≈q. ac-Wm-\-¥cw \msam-cn-°epw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°-s∏-Sm≥ t]mIp-∂n√''(A[ymbw 6, hmIyw 29).

""\nßƒ acn®v aÆpw Aÿn-bp-am-b- tijw ho≠pw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Cbmƒ \nß-tfmSv ]d-bpt∂m? F∂m-eXv hfschfsc hnZqcw Xs∂. Cbmƒ \nß-tfmSv hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂Xv hfschnZq-c-asX! \ΩpsS sFln-I-Po-hn-X-a-√msX Pohn-X-an√. ChnsS \mwacn-°p∂p. Pohn-°p∂p. \msam-cn-°epw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn√.'' (A[ymbw 23, hmIyw 36, 37).


""Ah¿ Ah-cpsS ap≥Km-an-Iƒ ]d-™-Xp-Xs∂ ]d-bp∂p. Ah¿]d-bp∂p: Rßƒ acn®v aÆpw F√p-ambn amdn-°-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂bpwDbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n-°-s∏-Sp-sat∂m? Cu hmKvZm\w Rßƒ GsdtIń-´p-≈-XmWv. ]≠v Rß-fpsS ]q¿h-]n-Xm-°fpw tI´p-t]m-∂n-´p≠v.AXm-hs´ tIhew sI´p-I-Y-Iƒ amX-am-Ip∂p''(A[ymbw 23, hmIyw82, 83).

""Ah¿ tNmZn-°p∂p: Rßƒ acn®v aÆpw Aÿn-]-RvP-c-hp-ambnamdn-°-gn-™m¬ ho≠pw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n-°-s∏-Sp-sat∂m? Rß-fpsS ]q¿h-]n-Xm-°fpw Aßs\ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n-°-s∏-Sptam?''(A[ymbw 37, hmIyw 16, 17).

]pcm-X\ Imew apX¬°p-Xs∂ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]ecpw ]c-tem-I-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂v D]-cyp‡ hmIy-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p∂p. C∂sØ Ah-ÿbpw `n∂-a√. Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]ns\ \ntj-[n®pw Ahn-iz-kn®pw kwi-bn®pw D∂-bn® tNmZy-ßƒ°v hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-amb adp-]Sn \¬Ip∂p. ""Ah¿ tNmZn-°p∂p: "Rßƒ tIhew Aÿn-Ifpw aÆp-am-bn-Øo¿∂m¬ ]ns∂ho≠pw ]pXnb krjvSn-bmbn Fgp-t∂¬]n-°-s∏-Sp-sat∂m?' Ah-tcmSp]d-bpI: \nßƒ It√m Xpcptºm Bbn-s°m-≈pI. As√-¶n¬ Poh-\pƒs°m-≈m≥ Xosc Akm-[y-am-b-sX∂v \nßƒ°v tXm∂p∂ as‰-s¥-¶nepw ISpØ krjvSn-bm-bn-s°m-≈pI. F∂mepw \nßƒ Fgp-t∂¬]n-°-s∏Spw.' Ah¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw tNmZn°pw: "BcmWv Rßsfho≠pw Pohn-X-Øn-te°v aS-°pI?' ]d-bpI: "BZy-X-hW krjvSn-®-h-\mtcm Ah≥ Xs∂.' Ah¿ Xe-bn-f°n ]cn-lm-k-tØmsS tNmZn-°pw: "Hmtlm, AsX-t∏m-gm-Wp-≠m-hpI?' ]d-bpI: AZv p-X-sa¥v? ASp-Øp-Xs∂ AXv kw`-hn-t®°mw. ssZhw \nßsf hnfn-°p∂ \mfn¬AXn-\p-Ø-c-ambn \nß-f-hs\ kvXpXn-®p-sIm≠v ]pd-s∏-´p-hcpw."Rßƒ A¬]-t\cw amXta Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Ign-™n- p≈q' F∂m-bn-cn°pw At∂cw \nß-fpsS tXm∂¬'' (A[ymbw 17, hmIyw 49˛52).

""Rßƒ tIhew Aÿn-Ifpw aÆp-am-bn-°-gn™ tijw ]pXnbkrjvSn-bmbn ho≠pw Fgp-t∂¬]n-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm' F∂p tNmZn-®-Xn-\p≈ ]Xn-^-e-am-WnXv. `qtem-I-sØbpw hm\-tem-I-ß-sfbpw kr-jvSn® A√m-lp-hn\v Ch-sc-t∏m-ep-≈-h-scbpw krjvSn-°p-hm≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw Ign-hp-s≠∂v Ch¿°v a\- n-em-bn-ńt√? Ahsc ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n®v Hcp-an-®p-Iq-´p-∂-Xn\v Ah-s\mcp kabw \n¿W-bn-®p-h-®n-´p≠v.AXp-≠m-hp-sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an√. ]t£, AXns\ [n°-cn-°pI Xs∂thW-sa∂v [n°m-cn-Iƒ°v imTy-ap≠v''(A[ymbw 17, hmIyw 98, 99).

""a\p-jytc, ac-Wm-\-¥-c- Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v h√ kwi-b-hp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ \nßƒ a\- n-em-°pI: BZn-bn¬ \nßsf \mw krjvSn-®XvaÆn¬\n∂mWv. ]ns∂ tcX-kvI-W-Øn¬\n∂v. ]ns∂ Hń-∏n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v, ]ns∂ cq]w ]m]n-®Xpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb amwk-]n-fi-

7 7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Øn¬\n∂v. Cu hnh-cWw \nßƒ°v bmYm¿Yyw hy‡-am-Im-\sX.\map-t±-in-°p∂ _oPsØ Hcp \n›nX Ah[n hsc K¿`m-i-b-ß-fn¬ \nh-kn-∏n-°p∂p. ]ns∂ \nßsf inip-hmbn ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp∂p. ]ns∂ \nßƒ buh\w ]m]n-°p∂p. \nß-fn¬ Nne¿ t\csØXs∂ Xncn-®p-hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. Nne-cm-hs´ F√mw Adn-™-tijw H∂pwAdn-bm-Ø-h-cm-bn-Øo-cm≥, tami-amb ]mbm-[n-Iy-Øn-te°v \bn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. `qan hc-≠p-In-S-°p-∂-Xmbn \o ImWp∂p. ]ns∂ \ma-Xn¬ag h¿jn-∏n-®m¬ s]s´∂Xv XpSn-sIm-≈p∂p. ]pjv]n-Wn-bm-hp∂p.IuXp-I-am¿∂ kI-e-bn\w sNSn-I-sfbpw apf-∏n-®p-Xp-S-ßp∂p. A√mlpXs∂-bm-Ip∂p bmYm¿Yyw. Ah≥ \n¿Po-h-am-b-Xns\ Pohn-∏n-°p∂p.Ah≥ kI-e-Xn\pw Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-sW-∂-Xn-\m-em-Wn-sXm-s°bpw D≠m-hp-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-thf hcn-I-Xs∂ sNøpw. AXn¬ kwi-b-ta-bn√. J_vdn-ep-≈-h-sc-sb√mw A√mlp Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n°pw,Xo¿®''(A[ymbw 22, hmIyw 5-˛7).

""\nßƒ temI-sc-sb√mw krjvSn-°p-Ibpw ]ns∂ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb-∂Xv AXv Ah\v Hcp Pohnsb krjvSn-°p-I-bpw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-tb-bp≈q.'' (A[ym-bw 31, hmIyw 28)

""kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ henb hmZ-ambn D∂-bn®p, ac-Wm-\-¥cw Xß-sfm-cn-°epw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√∂v. Ah-tcmSp ]d-bpI:A√; Fs‚ \mY-\mWv kXyw! \nßƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw. Aßs\ sNø¬ A√m-lp-hn\v Xo¿ØpwA\m-bm-k-I-c-asX.'' (A[ymbw 64, hmIyw 7).

""BIm-i-`q-an-Isf krjvSn-®-h\pw Ah-bpsS krjvSn-bm¬ £oWn-°m-Ø-h-\p-amb A√mlp Xo¿®-bmbpw acn-®-hsc Pohn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-sW∂ Imcyw Cu P\-Øn\v a\- n-em-bn-ń-s√t∂m? F¥p-sIm-≠n√? \n›bw, Ah≥ kIe kwK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-Ip∂p'' (A[ymbw 46, hmIyw 33).

""a\p-jy≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂pt≠m, Ah≥ shdpsX hnS-s∏-Sp-sa∂v?Ah≥ hnk¿Pn-°-s∏´ \n m-c-amb ip¢-I-W-am-bn-cp-∂nt√? ]n∂o-S-h≥ Hń-∏n-Sn-°p∂ hkvXp-hmbn. A\-¥cw A√mlp Ahs‚ icocwkrjvSn®p. Ah-b-h-ßƒ kwhn-[m-\n®p. F∂n-´-Xn¬\n∂v kvXobp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-s‚bpw c≠p h¿K-ß-fp-≠m°n. Ah≥ acn-®-hsc ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-\-s√t∂m?''(A[ymbw 75, hmIyw 36-˛40).

""A√m-lp-hns‚ ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fn-sem∂v CXm-Ip∂p: Fs¥-∂m¬`qansb ssNX-\y-a‰p InS-°p-∂-Xmbn \o ImWp∂p. ]ns∂ \ma-Xn¬ag h¿jn-∏n-®mtem, s]s´-∂Xm AXv Ne\w sIm≈p-Ibpw hf¿∂phnI-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. \n›bw, Cu arX-`q-ansb kPo-h-am-°n-b-Xmtcm, Ah≥ acn-®p-t]m-b-h-scbpw Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-h-\m-Ip∂p. Ah≥kI-e- kw-K-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ign-hp-‰-h-\t√m'' (A[ymbw 41, hmIyw 39).


""a\p-jy≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂pthm, Ahs‚ Aÿn-Isf kwL-Sn-∏n-°m≥ \ap-°m-hn-s√∂v. F¥p-sIm-≠m-hn√? \ma-hs‚ hnc¬Xp-ºp-Iƒhsc IrXy-ambn \n¿an-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-\t√m.'' (A[ymbw 75, hmIyw3, 4).

Npcp-°-Øn¬, C√m-bva-bn¬\n∂v a\p-jys\ krjvSn® ssZh-Øn\vAhs\ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°pI H´pw ]bm-k-I-c-amb Imcy-a√. Adp-\qdp tImSn a\p-jy¿°v Adp-\q-dp -tImSn ssIhn-c-ep-Ifpw hyXn-cn-‡-amb Xe-ap-Snbpw c‡-Øp-≈n-Ifpw K‘-hp-sams° \¬In krjvSn-I¿aw \n¿h-ln® ssZh-Øn\v a\p-jys\ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n-°pIF∂Xv Xo¿Øpw A\m-bm-k-I-c-asX. \n¿Po-h-amb qan ag Inń-bm¬kPo-h-am-Ip∂ t]mse acn®p aÆmb a\p-jysc A√mlp hnfn-°p-tºmƒ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn®v HmSn-sb-Øp-∂p-sh-∂Xv Xosc Abp-‡n-ItamAhn-iz-k-\o-btam A√. ico-c-Øns‚ t\cnb Hcp Awi-ap-]-tbm-Kn®vt¢mWnw-Kn-eqsS ]q¿W a\p-jys\ krjvSn-°m≥ iaw \S-°p∂ temI-Øv, k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZhw a\p-jys\ ]p\x-kr-jvSn-°p-sa∂ kXywAwKo-I-cn-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-∂-XmWv Abp-‡n-Ihpw hnkva-b-I-c-hp-amb Imcyw.

7 9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]Xn-s\m∂v

]c-tem-IØpw kwh-c-Wtam?

""apkvenw-Iƒ amXta kz¿K-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-I-bp-≈q-sh-∂t√ C-kvemw ]d-bp-∂Xv? CXv Xo¿Øpw k¶p-NnX ho£-W-at√? ]c-tem-I-Øpw kwh-c-Wtam?''

Hcmƒ ]co£ ]mkm-I-W-sa-∂m-K-ln-°p-∂n√. ]co-£°p h∂tNmZy-ßƒ°v DØ-c-sa-gp-Xp-∂p-an√. F¶n¬ as‰-s¥ms° Fgp-Xn-bmepw ]co-£-bn¬ hnP-bn-°p-I-bn√. hnP-bn-°p-sa∂v Bcpw ]Xo-£n-°p-I-bp-an√. A]-ImcwXs∂ tcmKw amd-W-sa∂v BK-ln-°p-∂n√;tcmK-i-a-\-Øn\v \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏´ acp∂v Ign-°p-∂p-an√. F∂m-epwtcmKw amd-W-sa∂v Bcpw ]d-bp-I-bn-√t√m. C∆n-[w-Xs∂ kz¿Kwe£y-am-°msX, kz¿K-e-_v[n°p \n›-bn-°-s∏´ am¿K-a-h-ew-_n-°msX Pohn-°p-∂-h¿°v kz¿Kw e`n-°p-I-bn√. AØ-c-°m¿°pw kz¿-Kw \¬I-W-sa∂v \oXn-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-cmcpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-I-bp-an√.

kz¿Kw k÷-\-ßƒ°p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ Zm-\-amWv. thZ-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-eq-sS-bmWv A√mlp AXv hmKvZm\w sN-bvXXv.AXv e`y-am-Im≥ hy‡-amb am¿Kw \n›-bn-®n- p-ap≠v. AXn-\m¬ B¿ssZhw, kz¿Kw, ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿, thZ-KŸw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ bYm-hn[nhniz-kn®v kz¿Kw e£yw h®v AXn\p \n›-bn-°-s∏´ hgn-bn-eqsSk©-cn-°p-∂pthm Ah¿°v kz¿Kw e`n°pw. C°m-cy-Øn-em-tcmSpwssZhw H´pw hnth-N\w ImWn-°p-I-bn√. F∂m¬ kz¿K-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Itbm AXv e£yw sh°p-Itbm AXv hmKvZm\w sNbvX ssZh-sØbpw B Adnhp \¬Inb ssZh-Zq-X-s\bpw thZ-K-Ÿ-sØbpwAwKo-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNømsX, AXn\p \n›-bn-°-s∏´ am¿K-a-h-ew-_n-°msX Pohn-°p-∂-h¿°v AXv e`n-°p-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°m-h-X√.e`n-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn-sem´pw A¿Y-hp-an√. AXn-\m-en-Xn¬ k¶p-Nn-X-Xz-Øn-s‚tbm kwh-c-W-Øn-s‚tbm ]iv\-an√. \njvIr-jvS-amb\oXn-bmWv Zo£n-°-s∏-SpI.


Aap-kvenw-I-sf√mw \c-I-Øntem?

""apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ P\n-°p-∂-h¿°v ssZh-sØbpw ]hm-N-I-s\bpw thZ-K-Ÿ-sØbpw kz¿K-\-c-I-ß-sfbpw kw_-‘n® Adnhvkzm`m-hn-I-ambpw e`n°pw. a‰p-≈-h¿°Xv In´p-I-bn√. AXn-\m¬ BAdnhv e`n-°m-Ø-Xns‚ t]cn¬ AX-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-h-scms° \c-I-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂mtWm \nßƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv?''

apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ P\n-°p-I-hgn, ssZh-sØbpw ssZhnIPohn-X- hy-h-ÿ-sbbpw kw_-‘n® hy‡-amb Adnhp e`n® tijwAX-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°m-Ø-h≥ kXy-\n-tj[n (Im^n¿) bmWv. Ah¿°vac-W-tijw sImSnb in£-bp-≠m-Ip-sa∂v Jp¿-B≥ ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬In-bn-´p≠v. amX-a√, ssZh-sØbpw ssZhn-I- Po-hn-X-I-a-sØbpw kw_-‘n®v Adn-hp-≈-h-sc√mw a‰p-≈-hsc AX-dn-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-cmWv. Cu _m[yX \n¿h-ln-®n-s√-¶n¬ AXns‚ t]cnepw ]c-tem-IØv Ah¿ in£m¿l-cm-bn-cn°pw.

F∂m¬ ssZh-sØbpw ssZhnI aX-sØbpw kw_-‘n®v H´pwtI´-dnhp t]mep-an-√m-Ø-h¿ in£n-°-s∏-Sp-sat∂m \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fm-Ip-sat∂m Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n√. Jp¿-Bt\m ]hm-NI NcytbmAßs\ ]d-bp-∂p-an√. adn®v, Znhy ktµiw hs∂-Øn-bn-ń-√m-Ø-h¿in£n-°-s∏-Sn-s√-∂mWv thZ-KŸw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. ]Xn-t\gmw A-[ymbw ]Xn-\©mw hmIy-Øn-en-ßs\ ImWmw: ""B¿ k∑m¿Kw kzoI-cn-°p-∂pthm, AX-hs‚ Xs∂ KpW-Øn\p th≠n-bm-Ip∂p. B¿Zp¿am¿Kn-bm-Ip-∂pthm, AXns‚ tZmj-hpw Ah-\p-Xs∂. `mcw hln-°p-∂-h-cm-cpw-Xs∂ CX-cs‚ `mcw hln-°p-I-bn√. (k∑m¿Kw ImWn-°m-\mbn) ssZh-Zq-X≥ \ntbm-Kn-X-\m-hp-∂-Xp-hsc \mam-scbpw in£n-°m-dp-an√.''

AtX-k-abw ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®v tIƒ°m-Ø-htcm kmam-\y-[m-c-W-bn-√m-Ø-htcm D≠m-hp-I-bn√. Ah¿ ssZhsØ°pdn®v IqSp-X-e-t\z-jn-°m\pw B ssZhw h√ Pohn-X-am¿Khpw \n›-bn-®p-X-∂n-´pt≠m F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°m\pw _m[y-ÿ-cmWv. A]-Imcw Xs∂kz¿K-ap-s≠∂pw \n›nX am¿K-Øn-eqsS \oßp-∂-h¿t° AXv e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q-sh-∂p-ap≈ Imcyw tI´-dn-™-h-scm-s°bpw AtX-°p-dn®v]Tn-°m≥ IS-s∏-´-h-cmWv. AXns‚ ewL\w in£m¿l-amb Ip‰-am-hpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wt√m.

kpI¿an-I-sf√mw kz¿Km-h-Im-in-I-fm-th-≠-Xt√?

""Hcmƒ ssZh-Ønepw ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-Øn-ep-sam∂pw hniz-kn-°p-∂n√. AtX-k-abw aZy-]n-°p-Itbm hy`n-N-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n√.Bscbpw tZmln-°p-∂n√. F√m-h¿°pw km[y-am-hp-∂X D]-ImcwsNbvXv Pohn-°p∂p. Abmƒ°v kz¿Kw e`n-°ptam?''

GsXm-cmƒ°pw GXp Imcy-Ønepw ]c-am-h[n ian®v e-]m-]vXn-

8 1kvt\l-kw-hmZw

bn-se-Øn-bm¬ t]mepw Abmƒ Dt±-in-®Xpw e£yw h®-Xp-at√ e`n-°p-I-bp≈q. ssZh-Ønepw ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-Ønepw hnizm-k-an-√mØ hy‡n Xn∑-bp-t]-£n-°p-∂Xpw \∑ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw kz¿Kwe£yw h®m-bn-cn-°n-s√-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an√. Abm-f-ßs\ sNøp-∂Xvkaq-l-Øn¬ k¬t∏cpw ]i-kvXnbpw e`n-°m-\m-bn-cn°mw. F¶n¬AXm-W-bmƒ°v e`n-°pI. AYhm a\- w-Xr-]vXn°pw Bfl-\n¿hr-Xn°pw th≠n-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXm-Wp-≠m-hpI. ssZh-Øns‚ ]oXnbpw]Xn-^-ehpw ]Xo-£n®pw e£yw h®pw Pohn-°p-∂-h¿t° AXv e`n-°p-I-bp≈q. AXn-\m¬ t\csØ hy‡-am-°nb t]mse kz¿K-am-K-ln®v AXn\v \n›-bn-°-s∏´ hgn-bn-eqsS k©-cn-°p-∂-htc AhnsSFØn-t®-cp-I-bp≈q.

F∂m¬ C∂ hy‡n kz¿K-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw As√-¶n¬ \c-I-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw F∂v \ap°v Xocp-am-\n-°mt\m ]d-bmt\m km[y-a√. AXvssZh-\n-›-b-amWv. Ah∂pw Ah≥ \n›-bn®p sImSp-°p∂ ZqX-∑m¿°pw amXta AX-dn-bpIbp≈q.

kz¿K-Po-hnXw GXv hn[w?

""Ckvemw hn`m-h\ sNøp∂ kz¿KsØ kw_-‘n® hnh-cWw tI´-t∏m-sg√mw AXv kº-∂- k-aq-l-Øns‚ kpJ-k-ar-≤-amb Pohn-X-Øn\vkam-\-am-bm-W-\p- -h-s∏- Xv. qan-bnse PohnXw t]mse-Ø-s∂-bmtWmkz¿K-Po-hn-Xhpw?''

Aù-Xn-I-amb GXns\ Ipdn®pw Adnhv e`n-°m-\p≈ GI am[yawZnhy-t_m-[\w amX-asX. AXn-\m¬ ssZhw, kz¿Kw, \cIw, amem-J-am¿, ]nim-Np-°ƒ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-eqsS e`n® hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-f-√msX as‰m∂pw B¿°pw Adn-bp-I-bn√. `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ a\p-jys‚ ]cn-an-Xn-bn¬\n-∂p-sIm≠v Ah\v a\- n-em-°m≥Ign-bp∂ mj-bnepw ssien-bn-ep-amWv ssZhw Aù-XnI Imcy-ßsfkw_-‘n® hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬In-bXv. AXn-\m¬ kz¿KsØ°pdn®vhnh-cn-°sh, A√epw Ae-´p-sam-´p-an-√mØ kwXr-]vXhpw BÀm-Z-`-cn-X-hp-amb Pohn-X-amWv AhnsS D≠m-hp-I-sb∂ hkvXpX hy‡-am-°nb hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""AhnsS \nßƒ Bin-°p-∂-sX√mw e`n°pw. \nßƒ°p thW-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂-sX√mw \nß-fp-tS-XmIpw.'' (41: 31)

a\p-jys‚ kI-e -k-¶-ev]-ßƒ°pw D]-cn-bmb kz¿Kob kpJ-sØ kw_-‘n®v ]hm-N-I≥ ]d-™Xv, Hcp IÆpw ImWm-ØXpwHcp ImXpw tIƒ°m-ØXpw Hcp a\ pw a\\w sNbvXn-ń-√m-Ø-Xp-sa-∂mWv. AXn-\m¬ kz¿K-Po-hnXw GXp hn[-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Chn-sS-h®v \ap°v IW°pIq´pI km[y-a√. F∂m¬ ]bm-k-sam-´p-an-√m-ØXpw taml-ß-sfm-s°bpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw kpJhpwkt¥m-jhpw kwXr-]vXnbpw kam-[m-\hpw \nd-™-Xp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-


∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an√.

kz¿K-Po-hnXw aSp-°nt√?

""Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ A¬]-Imew Ign-bp-tºmƒ kz¿KPo-hn-X-tØm-Spw aSp-∏-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-at√m?''

Ct∏m-gp≈ am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bp-sSbpw hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv, A¬]Imew kz¿Ko-b -kp-J-Po-hnXw \bn-°p-tºmƒaSp∏p tXm∂p-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv. `qan-bn¬ \ap°v kt¥m-jhpw k¥m-]hpw kvt\lhpw shdp∏pw ]Xym-ibpw \ncm-ibpw Akq-bbpw]Ibpw Imcp-Wyhpw Iqc-Xbpw AXp-t]m-ep≈ hnhn[ hnIm-c-ßfpwA\p-`-h-s∏-Sm-dp≠v. F∂m¬ kz¿K-Ønse am\-kn-Im-hÿ Hcn-°epwCXp-t]m-se-bm-In√. AhnsS shdpt∏m hntZz-jtam Akq-btbm \ncm-itbm a‰p hnIe hnIm-c-ßtfm Hcn-°epw D≠m-hp-I-bn√. C°mcywJp¿-B\pw ]hm-NI hN-\-ßfpw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn- p≠v.a\w-a-Sp∏v Dƒs∏sS Fs¥-¶nepw Aln-X-I-c-amb A\p-`-h-ap-≠m-hp∂CS-sam-cn-°epw kz¿K-am-hp-I-bn√. "BK-ln-°p-∂-sX¥pw AhnsS D-≠m-Ip'-sa∂v (41: 31) ]d-™m¬ aSp-∏n-√mØ am\-kn-Im-h-ÿbpw A-Xn¬ s]Sp-at√m.

8 3kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]¥≠v

kz¿K-Ønepw kvXohn-th-N-\tam?

""]c-tem-IØv ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v kz¿K-I-\y-I-Isf CW-I-fmbn e`n-°p-sa∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p. F∂m¬ kvXoIƒ°v CØcw CW-IsfIn´p-sa∂v Fhn-sSbpw ImWp-∂n√. kz¿K-Ønepw kvXohn-th-N-\tam?''

ssZhnI \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-h¿°v hmKvZm\wsNø-s∏´ CS-amWv kz¿Kw. C°m-cy-Øn¬ kvXo˛]pcp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬Hcp hnth-N-\hpw Ckvem-an-en√. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw hnizm-kn-\n-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-Ifpw anX-ß-fp-am-Ip∂p.Ah¿ \∑ I¬]n-°p∂p. Xn∑ hntcm-[n-°p∂p. \a-kvImcw \njvT-tbmsS \n¿h-ln-°p∂p. kImØv \¬Ip∂p. ssZh-sØbpw Ahs‚ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cß-s\-bp-≈-h¿°v A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-Klw e`n-°p-I-Xs∂ sNøpw. A√mlp kI-e¿°pwAP-ø\pw bp‡n-⁄-\p-asX. hnizm-kn-I-fmb kvXo ]pcp-j-∑m¿-°mbn A√mlp ASn-`m-K-ß-fneqsS Acp-hn-I-sfm-gp-Ip∂ Bcm-a-ßƒhmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Ah-c-Xn¬ \nXy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn°pw. BA\-iz-c -kz¿K-ß-fn¬ Ah¿°mbn ]mh-\-amb hk-XnI-fp-≠m-bn-cn°pw. k¿thm-]cn ssZh-]o-Xnbpw! AsXX al-Øcw! CXp-X-s∂-bm-Ip∂p h≥hn-Pbw''(A[ymbw 9, hmIyw 71, 72).

""\n›bw, apkvenw-Ifpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw hW-°-ap-≈-hcpw kXy-k-‘cpw kl-\-io-ecpw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv `b-`-‡n-bp-≈-hcpw Zm\-io-ecpw hX-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂-hcpw Xß-fpsS ssewKn-Im-h-b-h-ßsf kq£n-°p-∂-hcpw A√m-lp-hns\ [mcm-f-ambn kvacn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb kvXoIfpw]pcp-j-∑mcpw Btcm, Ah¿°v A√mlp ]m]-ap-‡nbpw al-Ømb]Xn-^-ehpw Hcp-°n-h-®n-cn-°p∂p''(A[ymbw 33, hmIyw 35)

""kvXobm-hs´, ]pcp-j-\m-hs´, \nß-fn-em-cp-sSbpw I¿asØ \mw\njv -e-am-°p-∂-X√. \nß-sf-√m-hcpw Htc h¿K-Øn¬s] -h-cm-Wt√m.AXn-\m¬ F\n-°p-th≠n kztZiw shSn-bp-Ibpw Fs‚ am¿K-Øn¬kz`-h-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v _ln-jv-Ir-X-cm-hp-Ibpw a¿Zn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw F\n-


°mbn kacw sNøp-Ibpw h[n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cmtcm Ah-cpsS kIe ]m]-ßfpw Rm≥ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xm-Ip∂p. Rm\-hsc ASn-`m-K-Øn-eqsS Bdp-I-sfm-gpIp∂ Bcm-a-ß-fn¬ ]th-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-amWv. CXv A√m-lp-hn¬ \n∂p≈ ]Xn-^-e-am-Ip∂p.D¬Ir-jvS-amb ]Xn-êw ssZh-Øn-¶¬ amX-asX''(A[ymbw 3,hmIyw 195).

kvXo˛]pcp-j -t`-Z-at\y kpIr-X-hm-∑m-sc√mw kz¿Km-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Cu hnip-≤- hm-Iy-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p∂p. kz¿Kw ssZhn-I-Zm-\hpw kΩm-\-hp-amWv. a\p-jy-cm-K-ln-°p-∂-sXm-s°bpw AhnsSe`n°pw. AXn-\m¬ ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v Ah-cm-K-ln-°p∂ CW-I-sf-sb-∂-t]mse kvXoIƒ°v Ah¿ sImXn-°p∂ Iq´p-Im-scbpw In´pw.

kvXo ˛ ]pcp-j -k-º¿°-ßfpw _‘-ßfpw Hcn-°epw GI-]-£o-b-am-hpI km[y-a-√t√m. ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v kvXoIsf e`n-°p-sa∂v]d-™m¬ kvXoIƒ°v ]pcp-j-∑m-scbpw CW-I-fmbn In´p-sa-∂Xvkzm`m-hn-Ihpw A\n-hm-cy-hp-am-Wt√m. H∂p ]d-™m¬ as‰m∂p ]d-tb-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂¿Yw.

ssZhn-I -K-Ÿ-amb hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ a\p-jy¿°p-th-≠n-bmWvAh-Xo¿W-am-bXv. AXn-\m-e-Xns‚ ssienbpw ]tbm-Khpw LS-\-bp-sa√mw P\-ßƒ°v A\m-bmkw a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°p-amdv ]cn-Nn-X-co-Xn-bn-emWv. F°m-e-sØbpw hniz-km-ln-Xy-Øn-se∂ t]mse Jp¿-Bs‚ Ah-X-c-W-Im-esØ Ad_n kmln-Xy-Ønepw kvssXW- ku-µ-cy-amWv h¿Wn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂Xv. Jp¿-B-\nepw ]t_m-[n-X -k-aq-l-Øn\vXo¿Øpw kzoIm-cyhpw thKw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xp-amb AtXcoXn-bmWv kzoI-cn-°-s∏- Xv. AtX kabw qan-bn¬h®v Adn-bp-∂Xpwk¶¬]n-°p-∂-Xp-amb, kIe koa-Iƒ°pw AXo-X-amb kpJ-ku-I-cy-ß-fmhpw kz¿K-Øn-ep-≠m-hp-I-sb∂v Jp¿-B≥ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ kvXo˛]pcp-j-∑m-sc√mw Htc-t]mse ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-\m¬ kz¿K-Øn¬ kvXo-hn-th-N-\-Øns‚ ]iv\ta DZv`-hn-°p-∂n√˛ hnth-N-\-sa-∂Xv AXn-\n-c-bm-hp-∂-h¿°v A\n-jvS-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-at√m. B¿°pw A\n-jvS-I-c-amb H∂pw Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-hn-s√∂v hnip≤ thZ-KŸw Jfin-X-ambn]d-™n-´p≠v.

`qan-bnse sshIeyw kz¿K-Øn-ep-ap-≠m-Iptam?

""`qan-bnse AtX Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°ptam a\p-jy-sc√mw ]c-tem-IØpw? hnI-emw-Kcpw hncq-]-cp-sa√mw B hn[w Xs∂-bm-Iptam?''

ùXn-I -]-]-©-Ønse ]Zm¿Y-\n-jvT-amb ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Imcy-ßƒ Kln-°m-\m-h-iy-amb ]t©-µn-b-ßfpw _u≤n-I- \n-e-hm-c-hp-amWv \ap°v \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv. AXp-]-tbm-Kn®v Xo¿Øpw hyXy-kvX-amb ]c-tem-IsØ Ahÿ a\- n-em-°pI km[y-a√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Znhy-t_m-[-\-ß-fn-eqsS e`y-amb Adn-hp-am-Xta C°m-cy-

8 5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Øn¬ Ah-ew-_-\o-b-am-bp≈q. ]c-tem-I -Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kq£vamw-i-ß-sfm-s°bpw AXn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-ń√. kz¿Kw kpJ-kuI-cy-ß-fpsS ]mc-ay-Xbpw \cIw sImSnb in£-bpsS kt¶-X-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂ [mcW hf¿Øm-\m-h-iy-amb kqN-\-Ifpw hnh-c-W-ß-fp-amWvhnip≤ Jp¿-B-\nepw ]hm-N-I-h-N-\-ß-fn-ep-ap-≈Xv. Hcp IÆpw ImWm-ØXpw Hcp ImXpw tIƒ°m-ØXpw Hcp a\ pw k¶¬]n-°m-Ø-Xp-amb kpJm-kzm-Zy-X-I-fm-bn-cn°pw kz¿K-Øn-ep-≠m-hp-I-sb∂v Ahhy‡-am-°p∂p. ]c-tem-IsØ ÿnXn `qan-bn¬ h®v ]q¿W-ambpwKln-°m-\m-hn-s√-∂mWv CXv sXfnbn-°p-∂Xv.

F∂m¬ kz¿Km-h-Im-in-I-fmb kpI¿an-Iƒ hm¿[-Iy-Øns‚ hnh-i-Xtbm tcmK-Øns‚ ]bm-ktam sshcq-]y-Øns‚ Atem-k-ctam as‰-s¥-¶nepw hnj-a-X-Itfm H´p-a-\p-`-hn-°p-I-bn√. \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fmbZpjvI¿an-Iƒ t\sc adn-®p-am-bn-cn°pw. k¶¬]n-°m-\m-hmØ Zpc-¥-


ßfpw Zpcn-X-ß-fp-am-bn-cn°pw Ahsc Bh-cWw sNøpI.

]Xn-aq∂v

]c-tem-I- hn-izm-khpw]p\¿P-∑- k-¶¬]hpw

""Ckvem-anse ]c-tem-I -hn-izm-khpw lnµp-a-X-Ønse ]p\¿P∑k¶¬-]hpw XΩn¬ h√ hyXym-k-hp-apt≠m? Ds≠-¶n¬ F¥mWv?]p\¿P∑ -k-¶¬]sØ Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂pt≠m? Cs√-¶n¬F¥p-sIm-≠v?''

ac-W-tØmsS a\p-jy-Po-hnXw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n√ F∂ Hscm‰Imcy-Øn¬ amXta ]c-tem-I- hn-izm-khpw ]p\¿P-∑- k-¶¬]hpw H-Øp-h-cp-∂p≈q. Ckvem-anI hnizm-k-a-\p-k-cn®v `qan I¿a-th-Zn-bmWv.hnNm-c-Wbpw hn[nbpw ac-W-tijw adp-tem-I-ØmWv. `qan-bnse I¿a-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv ]c-tem-IsØ c£m-in-£-I-fp-≠m-hpI. ]Zm¿Y-\n-jvT-amb ]]© LS-\-bp-sSbpw Chn-SsØ Ah-ÿ-I-fp-sSbpw am\-Z-fi-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, ]t©-µn-b-ß-fpsS]cn-[n-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v ]c-temIw Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v k¶¬]n-°pI km[y-a√. F∂m¬ ssZh-\n¿tZ-i-a-\p-k-cn®v hnip≤ PohnXw\bn-°p-∂-h¿°v AhnsS k¿h-hn[ ku`m-Ky-ßfpw kpJ-ku-I-cy-ß-fp-ap≈ imizX kz¿Kw e`n-°p-sa∂v Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. ssZh-[n-°m-cn-bmbn ]m]-]-¶n-e-amb PohnXw \bn-°p∂ AI-an-Iƒ \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fm-Ip-sa∂v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂p. ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ adp-tem-IsØ c£m-in-£-Iƒ \njvIr-jvS-amb hnNm-c-W°pw\oXn-\n-jvT-amb hn[n°pw tij-am-bn-cn°pw e`n-°pI. AtX-k-abw]c-tem-IsØ hnNm-c-Wbpw hn[n-bp-sams° a\p-jy-\n-hnsS \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v [cn-°p-∂Xv ]c-am-_-≤-asX.F∂m¬ c£ e`n-°p-∂-h≥ `qan-bnse Xs‚ GXp k¬°¿aw Imc-W-am-WXv Inń-b-sX∂pw in£ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥ GXp ]m]-Øns‚t]cn-em-W-Xn\v hnt[-b-\m-b-sX∂pw hy‡-am-b-dnbpw. At∏m-gt√ AXvbYm¿Y I¿a-^-ehpw c£m-in-£-bp-am-hp-I-bp≈q.

8 7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

F∂m¬ ]p\¿P-∑- k-¶¬]-a-\p-k-cn®v ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ P\-\hpwPohn-Xhpw ChnsS `qan-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv. [¿aw ]men-°m-Ø-h¿ ac-Wm-\-¥cw ip\-It\m iqZt\m Nfim-et\m at‰m Bbn ho≠pwChnsS P\n-°p-sa-∂-XmWv ]p\¿P-∑ -kn-≤m¥w. AtX-k-abw [¿a-\n-jvT-amb PohnXw \bn-®m¬ _m“-Wt\m £Xn-bt\m sshiyt\mBbn ]p\¿P-\n-°p-sa∂pw AXv Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂p. C∆n-j-b-I-ambnNne Imcy-ßƒ ChnsS hni-Z-ambn Xs∂ Kln-t°-≠-Xp≠v:

1. ImcWw hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw ]Xnsb t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwsNømsX \mw in£ \S-∏m-°n-bm¬ AXv Xo¿Øpw A\o-Xn-bmbmWvA\p-`-h-s∏-SpI. \mw Bsc-sb-¶nepw ASn-°p-Itbm Pbn-en-e-S-bv°p-Itbm h[n-°p-Itbm BsW-¶n¬ AXv GXv Ip‰-Øns‚ t]cn-em-sW∂v hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw _‘-s∏-´-hsc t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwthWw. CXv \oXn-bpsS ]mY-anI Xm¬]-cy-asX. AtXm-sSm∏w hnNm-c-W°pw hn[n°pw tij-am-bn-cn-°Ww in£ \S-∏m-°s∏Sp-∂Xv.F∂m¬ iqZt\m Nfim-et\m Hcn-°epw C∆n[w hnNm-c-W°v hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-ń-ń√. Ign™ P∑-Øn¬ Xm≥ F¥p- sX‰v sNbvX-Xns‚t]cn-emWv Cu P∑-Øn¬ C∆n-[-am-b-sX-∂-dn-bp-I-bp-an√. Ign™ P∑-Ønse I¿a-^-e-amWv Cu Pohn-X-Ønse ÿnXn \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv GXv I¿a-Øns‚ e-am-sW-∂-dn-b-W-at√m? _m“-W\pw£Xn-b\pw Xß-fpsS GXp ]pWy-I¿a-amWv A∆n-[-am-Im≥ Imc-W-sa∂pw Adn-bp-∂n√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]p\¿P∑ k¶¬]w I¿a-^-e -kn-≤m-¥-Øn\pw XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ c£m-in£m hnizm-k-Øn\pw IS-I-hn-cp-≤-asX.

2. ]p\¿P-∑ -k-¶¬] -]-Imcw ]m]n c≠mw P∑-Øn¬ \oN\pwA[-a-\p-am-bn-cn°pw. AØ-c-°m-cn¬ \n∂v \nIr-jvS-Po-hn-Xhpw A[-a-hr-Øn-I-fp-am-Wp-≠m-hpI. kpIr-X-ß-fp-≠m-hp-I-bn√. AXn-\m¬ aq∂mwP∑w IqSp-X¬ A[-ahpw ]Xn-X-hp-am-bn-cn°pw. \memw P∑w AXnepwlo\-am-bn-cn°pw. Cßs\ ]m]n-Iƒ Hmtcm P∑-Ønepw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ ]m]n-I-fm-hp-I-b-√msX Ah¿°v DZvKXn ]m]n-°pI km[y-ta-b√. amX-a√, ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy\v ASpØ P∑-Øn¬ arK-amImw.arK-Øn\v ]ns∂ a\p-jy-\m-Im≥ km[y-amtWm? ]pXp-Xmbn ]nd-°p-∂- a-\p-jy¿ Ign™ P∑-Øn¬ F¥m-bn-cp∂p? F¥p ]pWyw sNbvX-Xns‚ t]cn-emWv a\p-jy-cmbn P∑wsIm≠Xv? CØcw tNmZy-ßƒs°m∂pw ]p\¿P-∑ -kn-≤m-¥-Øn¬ DØ-c-an√.

3. sslµh- th-Z-ß-fn-se-hn-sSbpw ]p\¿P-∑ -kn-≤m-¥-an√. D]-\n-j-Øp-I-fnte AXns\ kw_-‘n® ]cm-a¿ihpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-hp-ap≈q.C°mcyw tUm. Fkv. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Cßs\ hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""_m-“Ww ASpØ temI-Ønte P\-\-a-c-W-ßƒ \S-°p-∂-Xmbn kzoI-cn-°p-∂p≈q. D]-\n-j-Øp-I-fn-em-b-t∏mƒ B hnizmkw Cu temI-ØmWv ]p\¿P-∑-sa∂ hnizm-k-]-am-W-ambn amdn''(`mc-Xob Z¿i\w,


hmfyw H∂v, ]pdw 224, amXr-`qan ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\n, tImgn-t°mSv1995).

AXn-\m¬ ]p\¿P∑ k¶¬]w thZ-t]m-‡-a-s√∂Xv kphn-Zn-XasX.

4. D]-\n-j-Øn-emWv ]p\¿P-∑-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂Xv. PmXn-hy-h-ÿsb \ymbo-I-cn-°m\pw AXns‚ ISpØ hnth-N-\-ß-sfbpw Iqc-X-I-sfbpw \ne-\n¿Øm-\p-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-´-XmWv AsX∂vB¿°pw A\m-bmkw a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

]p\¿P-∑sØ∏‰n ]d-bp∂ Omtµm-tKym-]-\n-j-Øn-en-ßs\ImWmw:

XZvb Cl ca-WobNcWm A`ymtim l btØ ca-Wobmwtbm\nam]-tZy-c≥, _m“-W-tbm\nw hm £Xnbtbm\nw hm sshiy-tbm\nw hm. AY b Cl -I-]qbNcWm A`ymtim l btØ I]qbmwtbm\nam]-tZy-c≥, iztbm\nw hm kqIctbm\nw Nfimetbm\nw, hm

(A[ymbw 5, Jfiw 10, t«mIw 7)(Ah-cn¬ k¬°¿a-ßƒ sNøp-∂-h-cmtcm Ah¿ thKw Xs∂ DØatbm\n-I-fn¬ sN∂p tNcp∂p. _m“-W-tbm-\n-bntem £Xn-b-tbm-\n-bntem sshiy-tbm-\n-bntem FØn-t®-cp∂p. AXp-t]mse Aip-`-Nm-c-∑m-cm-b-h-cmtcm Ah¿ Aip-` -tbm-\nsb ]m]n-°p∂p. ]ń-bpsStbm\n-sbtbm ]∂n-bpsS tbm\n-sbtbm Nfim-es‚ tbm\n-sbtbm]m]n-°p∂p.)

CXv Db¿∂ PmXn-°m-cn¬, Xßƒ ta¬Pm-Xn-bn-em-bXv Ign™P∑-Øn¬ ]pWyw sNbvX-Xn-\m-em-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ Xß-fn-∂-\p-`-hn-°p∂ ]tXy-Im-h-Im-i-ßƒs°√mw \ymb-ambpw A¿l-cm-sW-∂p-ap≈ t_m[w hf¿Øp∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w Xmgv∂ PmXn-°m¿ A∆n-[-am-bXv Ah-cp-sS-Øs∂ I¿a-^-e-am-sW∂ [mc-Wbpw krjvSn-°p∂p.Ahsc ]ń-I-sfbpw ]∂n-I-sf-bp-sa-∂-t]mse \nIrjvS Pohn-I-fmbnImWm≥ t]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Aßs\ PmXnhyh-ÿ-bpsSF√m-hn[ hrØn-tI-Sp-I-sfbpw Ac-°n-´p-d-∏n-°p-Ibpw \ymbo-I-cn-°p-I-bp-amWv ]p\¿P∑ kn≤m¥w sNøp-∂Xv.

5. ac-W-tijw a\p-jym-flm-°ƒ arK-i-co-c-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p-sh∂ ]mIr-X- tKm-X-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \n∂mWv ]p\¿P-∑ -k-¶¬]wcq]w sIm≠Xv. tUm. Fkv. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""I¿a-]-≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw ]p\¿P-∑ -kn-≤m-¥-Øn-s‚bpw Bibw Bcy-a-kvXn-jvI-Øn¬ cq]w-sIm-≠-Xm-sW∂v Dd-∏n®p ]dbmw. F∂m¬ CXn-\p≈t]cW e`n-®Xv ac-W-tijw Bflm-°ƒ arK-i-co-c-ß-fn¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p∂p F∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ BZn tKmX-°m-cn¬ \n∂m-Im-sa∂ kwK-Xnbpw \ntj-[n-t°-≠-Xn√.''(`mc-Xob Z¿i\w, hmfyw 1, ]pdw 113)

6. skan-‰nIv aX-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ lnµp-a-X-Ønse thZ-ßfpw]c-tem-I-sØ-∏-‰n-bmWv ]d-bp-∂Xv. EtKz-Z-Ønepw kma-th-Z-Ønepw

8 9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

AY¿h -th-Z-Ønepw ]c-tem-IsØ kw_-‘n® ]cma¿iw ImWmw.DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v:

cmtb AKvt\ atl Xzm Zm\m-b kan[oalnCuUnjzm ln atl hrj≥ Zymhm tlmXmbm ]rYnho

(kma-thZw, BKvt\b Imfiw: 1˛10˛3)(F√m BK-l-ßfpw ]q¿W-am-°p∂ `K-hmt\, Aß-bn¬\n∂pwG‰hpw henb Zm\w In´m≥ Aßsb Rßƒ kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p∂p.Adn-hn-∂mbpw `qan-bn¬ kam-[m-\-Øn-\mbpw ]c-tem-IØv im¥n-°mbpw Rßƒ Aßsb kvXpXn-°p∂p.)

AY¿h- thZw, ]c-tem-IsØ∏‰n Nn¥n®v k¬°¿a-ß-f-\p-jvTn-°m≥ Zº-Xn-I-tfm-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂p.

""A\zm-c-t`-Ym-a-\p-k-w-c-t`-Ym-taXw temIw i±-[m\mx kNt¥ (6:12: 3)

thZ-ß-fn-se-∂-t]m-se-Øs∂ D]-\n-j-Øp-I-fnepw ]pcm-W-ß-fn-ep-sa√mw ]c-tem-I-sØbpw kz¿K \c-I-ß-sfbpw kw_-‘n® [mcmfw]cm-a¿i-ß-fp≠v.

Cuim-hm-tkym-]-\n-j-Øn¬ ac-Wm-\-¥-c-ap≈ \c-IsØ kw_-‘n®v Cßs\ ImWmw:

Akpcym \ma tX temImx At‘\ Xa-km-hrXmxXmwkvtX t]Xym`nKNvO¥n tb tI NmXval-t\m -P\mx

(a¥w: 3)(kqcy-\n-√mØ B temI-ßƒ A⁄-Xm-‘-Im-cm-hr-X-ß-fm-Ip∂p.Bfl-Lm-Xn-Iƒ, AYhm Cuizc kvac-W-bn-√msX hnj-bm-k-‡-cmbnIgn-bp-∂-h¿ ho≠pw ZpxJ-\n-c-X-amb B temI-ß-fn-se-Øp∂p).

kz¿KsØ kw_-‘n®v ItTm-]-\n-jØv ]d-bp∂p:""kz¿tK temtI \ `bw In©-\mkvXn\ XX Xzw \ Pcbm _nt`XnDt` Xo¿Xzm-i-\mbm]n]mtktimImXntKm tamZtX kz¿KtemtI (1:1: 12)

(kz¿K-tem-IØv A¬]w t]mepw `b-an√. AhnsS B¿°pw ac-W-an-√. Pcm-\-cbm¬ B¿°pw b-hp-an√. AhnsS hkn-°p-∂-h¿ hni-∏n\pwZml-Øn\pw timIm-Zn-Iƒ°pw AXo-X-∑m-cmbn F√m-hn[ B\-µhpwA\p-`-hn-°p∂p.)

a\p-kvar-Xn-bn-en-ßs\ ImWmw:\mapX ln klm-bm¿Yw ]nXm -am-Xm N -Xn-jvTX\ ]pX-Zmcm \ ⁄mXn¿ [¿a-kvXn-jvTXn tIhex

(4: 239)(]c-tem-IØv klm-b-Øn\v ANvO-\-Ω-amsc In´p-I-bn√. a°tfm`mcytbm _‘p-°tfm AhnsS ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-I-bn√. klm-bn-°m≥[¿aw amXw \ne-sIm-≈p∂p.)


GIx- ]-Pm-btX P¥p-tcI Gh ]eo-btXGtIm(A)\p`pMvIvtX kpIrXtaI Gh N ZpjvIrXw

(4: 240)(Pohn P\n-°p-∂Xpw acn-°p-∂Xpw X\n-®mWv. kz¿K-Øn¬ kpIrXwA\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xpw \c-I-Øn¬ ZpjvIrXw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xpw X\n-®p-Xs∂.)

`K-hZv KoXbpw kz¿K˛-\-c-I-ß-fpsS Imcyw Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v NneXp amX-an-hnsS D≤-cn°mw.

D’-∂-Ip-e-[¿amWmw a\p-jymWmw P\m¿Z\!\ctI \nbXw hmtkm `h-Xo-Xy-\p- ip-ipa (]Y-am-[ymbw, t«mIw 44)

(tl P\m¿Z\m, Ipe-[¿a-ßƒ \in-®p-t]mb a\p-jy-cpsS hmkwFs∂-t∂°pw \c-I-Øn-em-sW∂v Rßƒ tI´-dn-™n-´p≠v.)

AY -tN-Øz-anaw [¿aywkwKmaw \ Icn-jyknXXx kz[¿aw Io¿Ønw NlnXzm ]m]ahm-]vkykn (ZznXo-bm-[ymbw, t«mIw 33)

(F∂m¬ A¿Pp\m, \o kz[¿am-\p-kr-X-amb Cu bp≤w sNøm-Xn-cn-°p∂ ]£w kz¿K-]m-]vXn-bp-≠m-hp-I-bn-s√∂p Xs∂-b√ kz[¿a-sØbpw bi- n-s\bpw Dt]-£n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v \n\°v ]m]w t\cn-Sp-∂-Xp-amWv.)

ltXm hm ]m]vkykn kz¿KwPnXzm hm t`m£ytk alow,XkvamZpØnjvT Iut¥bbp≤mb IrX\n›bx (ZznXo-bm-[ymbw, t«mIw 37)

(A√tbm Ip¥n-]pXm, iXp-°ƒ \ns∂ h[n-®m¬, \n\°v kz¿K-Øn¬ t]mImw. \o iXp-°sf Pbn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ cmPy-a-\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNømw. AXp-sIm≠v c≠m-bmepw \o bp≤w sNøm-\p-d-®p-sIm≠p thKw Fgp-t∂¬°pI.)

thZ-Imew apX¬°p Xs∂ ]c-tem-I -hn-izm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂vCsX√mw hy‡-am-°p∂p. tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""kz¿Kw,\cIw F∂n-h-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ Nne Ahy-‡ -[m-c-W-I-fn¬ \n∂v Nn¥m-i-‡n-bp≈ a\- p-Iƒ°v Hgn-™p-am-dm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂n√. ]p\¿P-∑-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ At∏mgpw hnZq-c-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p. ac-W-tØmsS F√mwAh-km-\n-°p-∂n-s√∂ Dd∏v sshZn-Im-cy-∑m¿°v D≠m-bn-cp∂p.''(`mc-Xob Z¿i\w, hmfyw 1, ]pdw 91)

cmlp¬ kmwIr-Xym-b≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""thZ-Ønse Ejn-am¿ CutemI-Øn\v hn`n-∂-amb as‰mcp temI-ap-s≠∂v hniz-kn-®n-cp∂p. Ahn-tS-°mWv ac-Wm-\-¥cw k¬°¿an-Iƒ t]mIpI. Ah-c-hnsS B\-µ-]q¿hw Pohn-°p-∂-XmWv. Xmsg-bp≈ ]mXmfw A‘-Im-c-amb \c-I-

9 1kvt\l-kw-hmZw

tem-I-amWv. Ahn-tS-°mWv ZpjvI¿an-Iƒ t]mIp-∂Xv'' (hniz-Z¿i-\-ßƒ, ]pdw 552).

AXn-\m¬ ]p\¿P∑ kn≤m¥w A\n-kvem-an-I-sa∂ t]mse-Ø-s∂ Assh-Zn-I-hp-amWv. AXv PmXn-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS Po¿W-X-Iƒ kwc-£n-°m≥ \n¿an-°-s∏- -XmWv. ]c-tem-I-sØbpw kz¿K -\-c-I-ß-sfbpwkw_-‘n® hnizm-k-amWv Ckvem-an-I-sa-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ sslµ-hhpw. thZ-t]m-‡hpw [¿a-\n-jvThpw AXp-am-X-asX.

(hn-iZ ]T-\-Øn\v Ub-temKv sk‚¿ tIcf ]kn-≤o-I-cn®"]p\¿P∑ k¶-ev]hpw ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-khpw' F∂ IrXn ImWp-I.hnX-cWw: Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv)


]Xn-\mev

kz¿K˛\cI hnizm-khpwNqj-W-hy-h-ÿbpw

""Zcn-Zcpw Nqjn-X-cp-amb km[m-c-W-°msc kz¿Kw ]d™v kam-iz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ka-cm-th-isØ sISp-Øp-I-bp-at√ aXwsNøp-∂Xv? kº∂ h¿K-Øns‚ Xm¬]cy kwc-£-W-Øn-\t√ aXwkz¿K˛ \c-I-ßsf°pdn®v kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv?''

aXsØ kw_-‘n®v hfsc hym]-I-ambn hf¿Ø-s∏´ hnIe [mc-W-I-fmWv CØcw kwi-b-ßƒ°p ImcWw. a¿Zn-X-cp-sSbpw Nqjn-X-cp-sSbpw tamN-\-am¿K-amb aXsØ kw_-‘n®v CØcw Kpcp-X-c-ambsX‰p-[m-c-W-Iƒ hf¿∂p-h-∂-Xn¬ hnizm-kn-Ifpw hncp-≤cpw Hcp-t]mseIp‰-°m-cmWv. kz¿K˛\c-I-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw kI-e-hn[ Nqj-W-ßƒ°pw AdpXnhcpØn, kmaq-lnI ka-Xzhpw kmº-Øn-I -\o-Xnbpwÿm]n-°p-I-bmWv sNøpI. hnip-≤- Jp¿-Bs‚ kmº-ØnI kao-]\wi≤n-°p∂ B¿°p-anXv kpXcmw hy‡-amIpw.

1. Ckvem-anI ho£-W-Øn¬ [\w ssZh-Øn-t‚-XmWv. a\p-jy-cn-em¿°pw AXns‚ ta¬ ]c-ahpw ]q¿W-hp-amb DS-am-h-Im-i-an√.ssIIm-cym-h-Im-i-ta-bp≈q. AXpw A\n-b-¥n-X-a√. IWn-i-amb ssZhn-I-im-k-\-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-amWv. kº-∂ -hn-`m-K-Øns‚ hi-ap≈ kz-Øn¬ Zcn-Z¿°pw AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ah-Im-i-ap-s≠∂v Jp¿-B≥ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn ]Jym-]n-°p∂p. amX-a√; B Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n-°¬ssZh-\n-tj[w t]mse Kpcp-X-c-am-sW∂pw XnI™ aX-\n-tj-[-am-sW∂pw AXv ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. \c-I-in-£°p Imc-W-am-Ip∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-sf-sbms° c≠mbn kwK-ln-®m¬ AXn-sem∂v AK-Xn°vBlmcw \¬Im≥ t]cn-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°-em-sW∂v aXw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p.A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p: ""I¿a-]p-kvXIw CS-Xp-ssI-bn¬ \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥ ]dbpw: "IjvSw! F\n-s°s‚ I¿a-]p-kvXIw In´m-Xn-cp-s∂-¶n¬! Fs‚ IW°v Fs¥∂v Rm≥ Adn-™n-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬! ac-W-tØmsS F√mw Ah-km-\n-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬! Fs‚ [\-sa-\n°v H´pw ]-tbm-P-\-s∏-ń√. Fs‚ A[n-Im-c-sam-s°bpw \in-®p-t]mbn.' At∏mƒ

9 3kvt\l-kw-hmZw

ssZh-im-k-\-bp-≠mIpw: Ahs\ ]nSn°q. Nß-e-bn¬ Ipcp-°n-bnSq!F∂n´v \c-I-Øn-te-s°-dnbq. ]ns∂ Fgp-]Xp apgw \of-ap≈ Nß-e-bn¬ _‘n°q. ImcWw, Ah≥ atlm-∂-X-\mb A√m-lp-hn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂n√. AK-Xn-I-fpsS Blm-c-a-h¿°p \¬Im≥ t]cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂n√. AXn-\m¬ C∂n-hnsS Ah-t\m-S-\p-`m-h-ap≈ Hcp anX-hp-an√.hW-ß-fpsS ZpjvSp-I-f-√msX Ah∂v Hcm-lm-c-hp-an√. ]m]n-IƒamXta AXv `£n-°p-I-bp≈q''(A[ymbw 69, kq‡w 25-˛37).

\c-Im-h-Im-in-Iƒ Ip‰w G‰p]d-bp-tºmgpw Xß-fpsS Zpxÿn-Xn°vImc-W-ambn FÆp-∂Xv AK-Xn-Iƒ°v Blmcw \¬Im-Xn-cp-∂-XsX.""Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw Xm≥ kºm-Zn-®-Xn\p IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p. he-Xp-]-£-sam-gnsI. Ah¿ kz¿Km-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-cn°pw. Ah¿ Ip‰-hm-fn-I-tfmSv tNmZn°pw: \nßƒ \c-I-Øn¬ ]th-in-°m≥ Imc-W-sa-¥mWv?Ah¿ ]dbpw: Rßƒ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂n√. AK-Xn-Iƒ°vA∂w \¬In-bn-cp-∂n√. kXy-Øn-s\-Xnsc hmZ-ßƒ sa\-bp-∂-h-tcm-sSm∏w Rßfpw AXv sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. hn[n-Zn-\sØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Rßƒ. Aßs\ B A\n-tj-[y- bm-Ym¿YywRßƒ t\cn-´-\p-`-hn®p.''(A[ymbw 74, kq‡w 38-˛47).

]nb-ap-≈-htc C\n ]dbq! Cu kz¿K˛\cI hnizmkw Zcn-Z¿°pwAK-Xn-Iƒ°pw KpW-amtWm tZmj-amtWm hcp-ØpI? kmº-ØnIA\oXn \ne-\n¿Øp-I-bmtWm AtXm Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-I-bmtWmsNøpI?

Jp¿-B≥ ]ns∂bpw ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah-cpsS [\-Øn¬ tNmZn-°p-∂-h∂pw Bi-b-a-‰-h∂pw Ah-Im-i-ap≠v''(A[ymbw 51, kq‡w 19).""_‘p-hn\pw Zcn-Z∂pw hgn-bm-X-°m-c∂pw Ah-cpsS Ah-Imiw\¬Ip-I.''(A[ymbw 17, kq‡w 26).

""aXsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-hs\ \o I≠pthm? Ah≥ A\m-YscAh-K-Wn-°p-∂-h-\mWv; AK-Xn°v Blmcw sImSp-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°m-Ø-h\pw''(A[ymbw 107, kq‡w 1-˛3).

Cu hnip≤ hN-\-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ A\m-Ysc Ah-K-Wn-°p-Itbm AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Zcn-Z¿°pw Ah-cpsS Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n-°p-Itbm Cs√∂v ]tXyIw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√t√m.

2. [\w hybw sNømsX tiJ-cn®p hbv°p-∂-h¿°v ac-W-tijwsImSnb in£-bp-≠m-Ip-sa∂v Xm°oXp sNøp∂ Jp¿-B≥, kºØv[\nI h¿K-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ amXw Id-ßp∂ Ahÿ D≠m-h-cp-sX∂vBh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w AXn-cp-hn´ ]W-s°m-Xnsb cq£-ambnBt£-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p: ""\n›bw, a\p-jys‚ [\-s°mXn ITn\wXs∂''(A[ymbw 100, kq‡w 8).

""A√! Hcn-°-ep-a√! \nßƒ A\m-Y-tcmSv BZ-c-thmsS s]cp-am-dp-∂n√. AK-Xn-Iƒ°v A∂w \¬Im≥ ]c-kv]cw t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p-an√.ss]Xr-I-kz-sØm-s°bpw tiJ-cn-®p-h®p Xn∂p-I-bmWv. \nßƒ hj-


fmw-hn[w [\-t]-a-Øn-e-I-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p'' (A[ymbw 89, kq‡w17˛20).

""kºØv \nßƒ°n-S-bnse [\n-I-hn-`m-K-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ amXwssIbm-f-s∏-Sp∂ H∂m-hm-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠n-bm-WnXv'' (59 : 7).

""kz¿Whpw sh≈nbpw tiJ-cn-®p-h-bv°p-Ibpw F∂n-´Xv ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ sNe-h-gn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°v thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in£-bp-s≠∂ hm¿Ø Ahsc Adn-bn-°pI. AtX kz¿Whpwsh≈nbpw \c-Im-·n-bn¬ ]gp-∏n-°p-Ibpw A\-¥cw AXp-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS s\‰n-Ifpw ]m¿iz-ßfpw apXp-Ip-Ifpw NqSp-h-bv°-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNøp∂ Hcp Zn\w hcp-∂p≠v'' (9: 34, 35).

C∆n[w c£m-in-£-I-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ [\w Ip∂p-Iqńhbv°p-I-bn-s√∂pw ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ Zcn-Z¿°Xv \n¿tem`w \¬Ip-sa∂pw ]tXyIw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√t√m.

3. [\w sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-h¿ amX-amWv hnizm-kn-Ifpw kz¿Km-h-Im-in-I-fp-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B≥ G‰hpw ]pWy-I-c-ambImcy-a-Xm-sW∂pw AXn\v At\-I-an-cń ]Xn-^-e-ap-s≠∂pw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p:

""\nßƒ ]›na Zn°n-tet°m ]q¿h-Zn-°n-tet°m apJw Xncn-°pIF∂-Xn-e√ ]pWyw. ]ns∂tbm, a\p-jy≥ A√m-lp-hnepw A¥y-Zn-\-Ønepw ae-°p-I-fnepw thZ-Ønepw ]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw Bflm¿Y-ambnhniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A√m-lp-thm-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Xs‚ ]nb-s∏´ [\w _‘p-°ƒ°pw A\m-Y¿°pw AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw bmX-°m¿°pw klm-b-a-`y¿Yn-°p-∂-h¿°pw ASn-a-Isf tamNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw sNe-h-gn-°p-Ibpw \a-kvImcw \ne-\n¿ØpIbpw kImØv\¬Ip-Ibpw sNø-emWv ]pWyw''(2: 177).

""Rm≥ [mcmfw [\w Xpe-®p-I-f-™n-´p-s≠'∂v Ah≥ tLmjn-°p-∂p-ht√m. Xs∂ Bcpw I≠n-ń-s√-∂mtWm Ahs‚ hnNmcw? \ma-h-\v c≠p IÆp-Ifpw Hcp \mhpw Np≠n-W-Ifpw \¬In-bnt√? hy-‡amb c≠p hgn-Iƒ (\∑-bp-sSbpw Xn≥a-bp-sSbpw) ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXnt√? ]t£, Ah≥ Zp¿L-S-amb am¿Kw Xm≠m≥Xøm-dm-bn√. B Zp¿L-S-amb am¿Kw GsX∂v Xm¶ƒ°v F¥-dnbmw?ASn-asb tamNn-∏n-°pI, As√-¶n¬ ]ń-Wn-\m-fn¬ _‘p-hmb A\m-Yt°m Ah-i-\mb AK-Xnt°m Blmcw \¬IpI; ]ns∂-b-h≥ hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-®-hcpw £abpw Imcp-Wyhpw At\ym\yw D]-tZ-in-°p-∂-h-cp-amb P\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpI; Ch-sb-√m-am-WXv''(90: 7-˛17).

""\nßƒ°v Gsd ]nb-¶-c-amb hkvXp-°-sft¥m AXv sNe-h-gn-°msX ]pWyw t\SpI km[y-a√. \nßƒ sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-sX¥pwkq£va-ambn Adn-bp-∂-h-\m-Ip∂p A√mlp'' (3: 92).

Cu hnip≤ hmIy-ß-fw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-h¿ Zcn-Z¿°p≈ [\-hy-b-Øn-

9 5kvt\l-kw-hmZw

sem´pw ]nip°p Im´p-I-bn-s√∂pw ]mh-s∏-´-h-cpsS ]bm-k-ß-f-I-‰p-∂-Xn¬ \nXm¥ PmKX ]pe¿Øp-sa-∂-Xnepw kwi-b-an√.

4. Ckvemw Nqj-W-Øns‚ F√m hgn-Ifpw sImń-b-S-°p∂p. kaq-l-Øn\v lm\n-I-c-amb kºm-Zy-am¿K-ßsf IWn-i-ambn hne-°p-IbpwsNøp∂p. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

""I≈-Øm-∏p-Im¿°v sImSnb \miw! Bfp-I-tfmSv Af-s∂-Sp-°p-tºmƒ XnI-®p-hm-ßp-Ibpw Aft∂m Xq°ntbm sImSp-°p-tºmƒIpdhp hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-XsX Ah-cpsS kz`mhw. HcpITn-\-\m-fn¬ Xßƒ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]n®v sIm≠p-h-c-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-sW∂v Cu P\w a\- n-em-°p-∂n-√tbm? A∂m-fn¬ a\p-jy-scm-s°bpwtemI-\m-Ys‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ h∂p-\n¬t°≠n hcpw'' (83: 1˛-6).

""]eni `pPn-°p-∂-htcm, Ah-cpsS KXn ]nimNv _m[n®v `m¥v]nSn-®-h-t‚-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv.'' (2: 275).

]eni h≥ ]m]-am-sW∂pw AXp Xn∂p-∂-h¿ \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fm-sW∂pw Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. NqXm´w t]mep≈ kmº-ØnI Nqj-W-sØbpw AXv i‡n-bmbn hne-°n-bn-´p≠v. ]hm-N-I≥ Xncp-ta\n]d-bp∂p: "" B¿ h©\ \S-Øntbm Ah¿ \ΩpsS Iq´-Øn¬ s]´-h-\√'' (AlvaZv, Xn¿anZn).

""]qgvØnh®-h≥ ]m]n-bmWv'' (apkvenw, A_q-Zm-hqZv).""sXmgn-em-fnsbs°m≠v the-sb-Sp-∏n®v Iqen-sIm-Sp-°m-Ø-h-cpsS

iXp-hm-bn-cn°pw A¥y-\m-fn¬ A√mlp'' (_pJmcn).Cßs\ kmº-ØnI Nqj-W-Øns‚ Ihm-S-ß-sf√mw sImń-b-S-

°p∂ Ckvemw ]nip-°ns\ cq£-ambn Bt£-]n-°p∂p. Ahsc _m[n-°m-\n-cn-°p∂ sImSnb in£sb Ipdn®v Xm°o-Xp-\¬Ip-IbpwsNøp∂p: ""A√mlp \¬Inb A\p-K-l-ß-fn¬ ]nip°v ImWn-°p-∂-h¿, B ]nip°v Xßƒ°v KpW-I-c-am-sW∂v Icp-Xm-Xn-cn-°s´. A√,AX-h¿°v hfsc tZmj-I-c-am-Ip∂p. Xßƒ ]nip°n kºm-Zn-®p-h-®-sXm-s°bpw A¥y-\m-fn-e-h-cpsS IWvT-Øn-e-Wn-bn-°-s∏Spw. hm\˛`ph-\-ß-fpsS A¥n-a-amb Ah-Imiw A√m-lp-hn\v amX-am-Ip∂p. A√mlp\nßƒ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xns\ Ipdn-s®m-s°bpw A`n-⁄-\t√m'' (Bep Cwdm≥ 180).

5. a¿Zn-X-scbpw Nqjn-X-scbpw Ah-c-\p- -hn-°p∂ Zpcn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬hnSm-\√ aX-am-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. adn®v, Ah-cpsS c£°pw tamN-\-Øn-\p-ambn bXv\n-°m\pw s]mcp-Xm-\p-amWv. Jp¿-B≥ tNmZn-°p∂p: ""]oUn-Xcpw ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏-´-h-cp-amb kvXo˛ ]pcp-j-∑m¿°p th≠n \nßƒA√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ kacw sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v F¥p≠v\ymbw? B P\tam, ]d-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p: "\mYm, a¿Z-I-cmb\nhm-kn-I-fpsS Cu ]´-W-Øn¬\n∂v Rßsf \o tamNn-∏n-t°-Wta.\ns‚ ]°¬\n∂v Rßƒ°v Hcp c£-Is\ \n›-bn®p Xtc-Wta!\o Rßƒ°v Hcp klm-bn-sbbpw D≠m-°n-Ø-tc-Wta!'' (3: 75). ]hm-


N-I≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""hn[-h°pw AK-Xn°pw th≠n A[zm-\n-°p-∂-h≥A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ s]mcp-Xp-∂-h-s\-t∏m-se-bmWv'' (_pJmcn).

""F√m Imep-Ifpw sX∂n \c-I-Øn¬ ]Xn-°p∂ Znhkw. a¿Zn-X-t\m-sSm-Øp-\n∂v Ahs‚ Ah-Imiw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ø-hs‚ Ccp-Im-ep-Ifpw ]X-dmsX Dd-®p-\n¬°pw.''

aXhpw AX-\p-im-kn-°p∂ kz¿K˛\cI hnizm-khpw F√m-hn[Nqj-W-ßƒ°p-a-dpXn hcpØn kmº-ØnI \oXnbpw kmaq-lnI ka-Xzhpw ÿm]n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-sX∂v Cu hkvXp-X-I-sfm-s°bpwAk-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p∂p. aX-Øns‚ \ntbmKw a¿Zn-X-cpsStamN-\-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv, Ncn-X-Øn-se∂pw Fhn-sSbpw ]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw Ah-cpsS ]mX ]n¥p-S¿∂ aX-]-t_m-[-I-cp-sSbpw ]h¿Ø-I-cp-sSbpw apJy ]Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒ ]W-°mcpw ]am-Wn-amcpw a¿Z-I-cm-b A[n-Im-cn-I-fp-am-bXv. a¿Z-I-cp-sSbpw Nqj-I-cp-sSbpw aS°w \c-I-Øn-te-°m-sW∂pw kpa-\- p-Iƒ°pw kpI¿an-Iƒ°pw amXtakz¿Kw e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q-sh∂pw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ aX-hn-izmkw Nqj-W-hy-h-ÿ°v AdpXn hcp-Øp-I-bmWv, AXns\ Xmßn-\n¿Øp-I-b√ sNøp-

9 7kvt\l-kw-hmZw

I-sb-∂Xv ]I¬sh-fn®w t]mse ]I-S-asX.

]Xn-\©v

a\- m-£nbpw Znhy-t_m-[-\hpw

""a\p-jys‚ am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn\v Znhy-k-tµiw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂ hmZwicn-bmtWm? Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Xß-fpsS a\- m-£n-°-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-®m¬ t]mtc?

a\- m£n al-Øm-sbmcp kn≤n-Xs∂. F∂m¬ F¥mWo a\- m£n? F√m-h-cp-sSbpw a\- m£n Hcp-t]m-se-bmtWm? AXns‚ Xocp-am\w Ft∏mgpw F√m-h-cnepw Htc hn[-am-Iptam? AXv Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-sW∂vBsc-¶nepw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sptam? CsXm-s°bpw ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-tS≠]iv\-ß-fmWv.

P\n® IpSpw-_-km-l-N-cyhpw Pohn-°p∂ ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xnbpw ]n¥p-S-cp∂ ]mc-º-cyhpw a\- m-£nsb AKm-[-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p∂p. tZio-bhpw hwio-bhpw Imen-Ihpw PmXo-bhpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb Ah-ÿm-¥-c-ßƒ AXns‚ Xocp-am-\-ßsf hf-sc-tbsd_m[n°pw.

F√m-h-cp-sSbpw hnNm-c-ti-jnbpw ssienbpw Htc-t]m-se-b√. a\p-jy¿ `n∂ ]Ir-X-cmWv; hyXykvX hn`m-K-ßfpw. Ah-cpsS Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw hnhn-[-ß-fmWv. ssh⁄m-\n-Ihpw _p≤n-]-c-hp-amb \ne-hm-c-Ønepw ]I-S-amb G‰-°p-d-hp-I-fp≠v. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Xß-fpsS Xe-Ønepw \ne-hm-c-Ønepw \n∂p-sIm-≠mWv Imcy-ßƒ t\m°n-°m-WpI.F√m-hcpw Htc-t]mse Nn¥n-°pI km[y-ta-b√. AXn-\m¬ ho£-W-hy-Xymkw A\n-hm-cy-asX.

kuµcyw Bt]-£n-I-amWv. hy‡n-I-fpsS A\p-`q-Xn-ssh-hn-[y-amWv AXn\p ImcWw. Nne¿°v NneXv kpµcw. Ah-Xs∂ a‰pNne¿°v hncq]w. A`n-cp-Nn-I-fnepw Cu A¥cw ]I-S-amWv. Nne¿°vNne-Xn-t\m-SnjvSw. Ah-tbm-Sp-Xs∂ thsd Nne¿°v shdp∏v. \∑-Xn-∑-Ifpw Cu hn[w BImtam? hy‡n-I-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-s°mØv AhhyXym-k-s∏-Smtam? AX-km-[y-asX. \∑ F∂pw Fhn-sSbpw \∑


Xs∂; Xn∑ Xn∑bpw. adn-®m-bm¬ a\p-jy-cm-in°v aqey-t_m-[-an-√m-Xmhpw. \∑-Xn-∑m-hn-th-N\w hy¿Y-amIpw. Aßs\ kaqlw Acm-P-I-Xz-Øn-\-Sn-s∏Spw.

kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-Iƒ°pw kmº-ØnI LS-\-Iƒ°p-a-\p-k-cn®vamdn-h-cm-hp-∂-X√ \∑-Xn-∑-Iƒ. Aßs\ hmZn-°p-∂Xv e-Øn¬ Ah-bpsS \ncm-k-Øn-te-°mWv \bn-°pI. "\∑-sb-∂Xv Hcp t]cv amX-amsW'∂ \nt°mtfm amIy-h-√n-bpsS ho£-Whpw, "\∑-sb-∂Xv shdp-samcp sI´p-I-Y-bmsW'∂ gm≥ t]mƒ km¿sX-bpsS hmZ-hp-sams°CXmWv sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv.

\∑-Xn-∑-Iƒ Ime˛tZi˛h¿K˛h¿W˛PmXn˛enwK t`Z-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn kpÿn-chpw imiz-X-hp-am-bn-cn-°Ww. a\p-jy-a-\- m-£ntbmkmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿtbm kmº-ØnI LS-\tbm tZiob kml-N-cytamImen-I- Xm¬]-cytam BWv Ah \n›-bn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AX-km-[y-am-bn-cn°pw. AXn-\m¬ \∑-Xn-∑-I-fp-sStbm \ymbm-\ym-b-ß-fp-sStbmam\-Z-fihpw Ah-ew-_-hp-am-Im≥ a\p-tjy-O-Iƒt°m a\- m-£nt°mkm[y-a√. ]£-]m-X-c-ln-X-amb a\- m-£n-bn√. AXn-s\m-cn-°epwA]-am-ZnXzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-SpI km[y-hp-a√. ê-Øn¬ a\- m-£n-°-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h\pw tZtl-O-bv°-Sn-s∏-´-h\pw XΩn¬ A¥-c-sam-´p-an√. kz¥w tNmZ-\-bv°-\p-k-cn®v Ncn-°p-∂-h-cm-W-h¿.

\∑bpw Xn∑bpw \n›-bn-°p-∂Xv F√m Ime-sØbpw tZi-sØbpwapgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw kjvSm-hmb ssZh-am-bn-cn-°Ww. Ah-\Xvhy‡-ambn hnth-Nn-°p-Ibpw \n¿W-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. AXn-\m¬ \∑bpw Xn∑bpw icnbpw sX‰pw ssZh-\n-›n-X-amWv. Imem-XoX-hpw tZim-Xo-X-hp-amWv; A\-iz-chpw. a\p-jy-cm-in°v Ah Adn-bm-\p≈GI am¿Kw ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v e`y-amb Znhy-t_m-[\w amX-asX.

Xm≥ BcmWv? Fhn-sS-\n∂v h∂p? Ftßm´p t]mIp∂p? F¥mWvPohnXw? F¥n-\p-≈-XmWv? GXp-hn-[-am-bn-cn-°Ww? XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-sfm∂pw Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS shfn-®-an-√msX B¿°pw a\- n-em-°pI km[y-a√. AXn-k-a¿Y-cmb [nj-Wm-im-en-Ifpw Kth-j-Icpwa\p-jys\ kw_-‘n®v ]c-am-_-≤-ßƒ ]d-bm\pw ]N-cn-∏n-°m\pwImc-W-aXsX. Xß-fpsS apºn¬ ]Im-in-X-amb hi-ßƒ h®p-sIm≠pamXta Gh¿°pw Imcy-ßƒ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp≈q. C∂pw a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n® A[n-I -h-i-ßfpw A]-Im-in-X-ß-fmWv. Ah-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ a\p-jys‚ At\z-jWw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ImcWw AXm-Wt√m. hnth-I-im-en-I-fmb hn⁄m-\-Zm-ln-Iƒ Ah-s\-°p-dn®v Hmtcm ]pXnb Adnhv e`n-°p-tºmgpw Xß-fpsS Adn-hn-√m-bva-bpsS Bghpw ]c∏pw a\- n-em-°m-dmWv ]Xnhv.

Nmƒkv Um¿hn\pw knKva≠v t^mbnUpw slKepw am¿Ivkp-sa√mw a\p-jys\ t\m°n-°-≠Xv hyXy-kvX -cq-]-Øn-emWv. Nne¿Xß-fpsS At\z-j-W-Øn¬ apgp-i-≤bpw ico-c-]-Ir-Xn-bnepw cq]-`m-

9 9kvt\l-kw-hmZw

h-ß-fnepw tIµo-I-cn®p. AXn-\m¬ icoc tIµo-Ir-X-amb Nne \nK-a-\-ß-fn-se-Øn-t®¿∂p. thsd Nne¿ tPmen-bpsS Xe-Øn¬ \n∂-hs\ t\m°n-°≠p. At∏mƒ sXmgn-en-eqsS ]cn-Wm-a- hn-t[-b-\mbP¥p-hm-bmWv a\p-jys\ I≠Xv. Hcp-]‰w Nn¥-I-cpsS i≤ ]Xn-™Xv hb-dn-emWv. Ah¿ AXn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Btem-N-\-bn¬ Ba-·-cmbn. F√m-‰n-s\bpw AXp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn. hb-dmWv ]c-a -]-[m-\-sa-∂-h¿ hmZn®p. AXns\ ]c-am-h[n hep-Xm-°p-Ibpw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hni-∏mWv apgp ]iv\-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-sa∂v hn[n-sb-gpXn. AXv ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-´m¬ F√mw icn-bm-hp-sa∂vAh-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssewKn-I-X-bn-eqsS a\p-jy-s\bpwPohn-X-sØbpw t\m°n-°-≠-h¿ AXmWv k¿h-]-[m-\-sa∂v hniz-kn®p. AXn-\m¬ Adn-bp-∂-h-sbbpw ImWp-∂-h-sbbpw tIƒ°p-∂-h-sbbpw AXp-ambn _‘n-∏n®p. am\-h- Po-hn-X-Øns‚ apgp-h≥]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw enwK-_-≤-am-sW∂v ]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.ssewKn-I-X-bpsS ta¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ \nb-¥-W-ßƒ \oßn-bm¬F√mw t\sc-bm-hp-sa∂ \nK-a-\-Øn-em-W-h-sc-Øn-bXv. a‰p Nne¿Bflo-b-X°v Aan-X-]m-[m\yw I¬]n®p. ico-c-sØbpw AXns‚Bh-iy-ß-sfbpw Ah-K-Wn®p. AXn-\m¬ Znhy-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n®v ]Tn-°m\pw Adn-bm\pw ian-®-h¿B\sb Adn-bm≥ ian® A‘-∑m-sc-t∏m-se-bmWv. A]q¿WhpwA_-≤-P-Sn-e-hp-amb \nK-a-\-ß-fn-em-W-h-sc-Øn-t®¿∂Xv.

a\p-jy-s\- w-_-‘n®v Adn-bm-Ø-h¿°v Ah-s\-ßs\ Pohn-°-W-sa∂v a\- n-em-°pI km[y-a√. GXp-hn-[-an-hnsS Ign-b-W-sa∂vKln-°m-\m-h-iy-amb auen-I- [m-c-W-sb-¶nepw Xs∂-°p-dn®v Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. Znhy-k-tµ-i-Øn-eqsS amXta AXv e`n-°p-I-bp≈q; e`n-®n-´p≈q. a\p-jy\v Ahs‚ AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ A¿Y-hpw e£yhpw \ntbm-Khpw A`y-kn-∏n-®Xv aX-amWv. AXv Pohn-X-Øns‚ e£yhpw am¿Khpw \n¿W-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p.

Znhy-t_m-[-\sØ Ahew-_n-°m-Ø-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ac-W-tijw F¥v F∂ tNmZyw t]mepw A]-k-‡-amWv. AXn-\m-e-h¿°v PohnXw P\-\-tØmsS Bcw- n®v ac-W-tØmsS Ah-km-\n-°p∂H∂p amX-amWv. Cu ho£Ww Pohn-X-e-£y-sØbpw am¿K-sØbpwAKm-[-ambn _m[n-°p∂p. F√m Pohn-X-hr-Øn-I-sfbpw kmc-ambnkzm[o-\n-°p∂p. F∂m¬ ssZhn-I-k-tµiw adp-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn®vkwkm-cn-°p∂p. ac-Wm-\-¥-c -Po-hn-X-amWv a¿a-]-[m-\-sa∂v ]Jym-]n-°p∂p. Cu temIw I¿a-cw-K-am-sW∂pw hnNm-c-Wbpw hn[nbpw ]Xn-^-ehpw ]c-tem-I-Øp-sh-®m-sW∂pw Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p. Cu hnizm-k-Øns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ qan-bn¬ k -e-am-hmØ k¬°¿a-ßƒ \nc¿Y-I-am-bn-cn°pw. F∂m¬ I¿a-ßsf Ah-bpsS ùXn-I-êw amXwt\m°n hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv icn-bmb kao-]-\-a√. Hgp-°n¬s]´ ]n©p-

100 ssZhw, aXw, thZw

ss]-X-ens\ c£n-°m≥ ]pg-bn-te°v FSpØpNmSp∂ a\p-jy≥ ]c-am-h[n ian-®n´pw ]cm-Pn-X-\m-hp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXp-sIm-≠p-amXw Abm-fpsS A[zm\w Atbm-Kytam A\m-Z-c-Wo-btam Bhp-∂n√. ]Xy-£-Øn¬ ]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-ambn tXm∂p∂ Cu XymKw Hcp ]cm-Pn-X-i-a-amWv. ]t£, AXn¬ AXyp-Zm-Ø-amb aqeyw Fºm-Sp-ap≠v.AYhm, Ip™ns\ c£n-°m-\p≈ ia-Øn¬ Abmƒ ]hm-l-Øn¬s]´v ]c-temIw ]m]n-®m¬ AXns‚ ]Xy-£-êw Hcmƒ°p]Icw c≠m-fpsS ac-W-amWv. ùXnI ho£-W-Øn¬ h≥\-jvS-amWv.F∂m¬ bYm¿Y-Øn-eXv ]iw-km¿l-amb hoc-ar-Xyp-hsX. ac-W-tØmsS F√mw Ah-km-\n-°p-sa-¶n¬ BZ¿i-ßƒ°p th≠n-bp≈Bfl-XymKw A¿Y-iq-\y-am-bn-cn°pw. \oXn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]cm-Pn-X-amb t]mcm´w \¬Ip∂ \n¿hrXn Cu temI-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-X√. acWw F√m-‰n-s‚bpw A¥y-sa-¶n¬ hoc-\m-b-Is‚ XymKwh¶-Ø-amWv. AYhm, \maXv \njv^-e-as√∂v hn[n-sb-gp-Xp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv as‰mcp temI-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ t_m[-Øns‚ ê-amWv.kXy-Øn-s‚bpw \∑-bp-sSbpw `mK-Øp-\n¬°p-Ibpw tXm¬°p-IbpwsNbvX hoc-\m-b-Is‚ ]hrØn \ymbo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hnin-jvS-sa∂v hmgvØ-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv ]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn® GtXm hn[ [mc-W-bpsS ê-amWv. kw`-h-K-Xn-I-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-I-fn¬ AXv A¥¿[m-c-bmbn h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw Bg-Øn¬kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Znhy-t_m-[-\-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-Øn¬\n∂v Xo¿Øpw ap‡-amb a\p-jy-a-\- m-£n°v XymK-Øns‚hne-b-dn-bp-I-bn√. KWn-X-im-kvX -X-e-Ønse em`-tN-X-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-am-b-√msX Fs¥-¶nepw Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°mt\m Imcy-ßƒsNømt\m AXv A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bp-an√.

Znhy-k-tµ-i-ß-fpsS A`m-h-Øn¬ a\p-jy\v Xs∂-°p-dns®∂t]mse Xs‚ kjvSm-hn-s\ -kw-_-‘n®pw H∂p-a-dn-bp-I-bn√. ]nXmhvPohn-®n-cn-°pIbpw Xt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn´pw kz¥w]nXm-hns\ Adn-bmØ ]pX-s\-°mƒ At\-I-a-Sßv \n¿`m-Ky-hm-\mWvXs‚ kjvSm-hn-s\-∏‰n Adn-bmØ a\p-jy≥. ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®A⁄X Ah≥ \¬Inb Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿsb kw_-‘n® Adn-hn-√m-bva°pw AXp-hgn \nXy-\m-i-Øn\pw \nan-Ø-am-Ip∂p.

imkvXw FX-sbms° ]ptcm-KXn ]m]n-°p-Ibpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy kar-≤-am-hp-Ibpw hn⁄m\w hnI-kn-°pIbpw sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶nepw a\p-jy-\n∂pw kz¥sØ kw_-‘n-s®∂ t]mse Xm≥ Pohn-°p∂ temI-sØ-°p-dn®pw Xo¿Øpw A⁄-\mWv. ]pXp-Xmbn In´p∂Hmtcm Adnhpw A⁄-X-bpsS Bg-a-dn-bm-\mWv klm-b-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv. Xs∂bpw Xm≥ Pohn-°p∂ temI-sØbpw Ipdn-®-dn-bmsXChnsS hnP-b-I-chpw kzÿhpw kam-[m-\- \n-c-X-hp-amb PohnXw \bn-°pI km[y-a√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tIh-e -a-\- m-£n°v Pohn-X-

101kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Øns‚ am¿K-Z¿i-I-\m-Im-\m-hn√.kzm¿Y-X-bn¬\n∂v Xo¿Øpw ap‡-amb Bcp-an√. kaq-l-Øn-\m-

h-iy-amb \nb-a-ßfpw hyh-ÿ-Ifpw Nn´-Ifpw N´-ß-fp-sams° \n›-bn-°p-∂Xv ]pcp-j-∑m-cm-sW-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°v]mapJyw I¬]n-°-s∏-Sp∂p. kvXoI-fm-sW-¶n¬ adn®pw. Idp-Ø-h-\p-≠m-°p∂ \nb-a-ßfpw hyh-ÿ-Ifpw Ah\v A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cn°pw.Xß-fpsS Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°v IqSp-X¬ ]cn-K-W\ \¬Im-Xn-cn-°m≥shfp-Ø-h¿°v km[y-a√. sXmgn-emfn˛apX-emfn h¿K-ß-fpsSÿnXnbpw `n∂-a√. Hmtcm ]tZ-i-Øp-Imcpw cmPy-°mcpw Xß-fpsSXm¬]-cy -ßƒ°mWv ap≥K-W\ \¬IpI. tZio -b -X -bpsSASnÿm\w Xs∂ AXm-Wt√m. \nt°m-tfm- am-Iy-h√n ]d-bp∂p:""\∑-sb-∂Xv Hcp t]cp-am-X-amWv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Xn∑-bm-Wp-≈Xv.AXn-\m¬ Xs‚ cmjvSsØ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-K-ln-°p∂ GsXmcp`c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbpw Xn∑ sNtø-≠-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v icn°pw a\- n-em-°Ww.'' shbn≥t]m-fns‚ ho£-Whpw AXp-Xs∂: ""km∑m¿Kn-I-\mb Hcmƒ°v cmjvSsØ \bn-°pI km[y-a√. ImcWw, cmjvS-Øns‚ c£bv°p th≠ Imcy-ßƒ Hcp k∑m¿Kn°v sNøm≥ Ign-bn√. cmPy-\-∑-bv°p-th≠n cmjvS-Ø-e-h≥ F¥pw Fß-s\bpw]h¿Øn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hWw. \∑˛Xn∑-I-sf-°p-dn®v hnth-N\w \S-Øp∂ k∑m¿Kn-°nXv km[y-a√.''

GsX-¶nepw kz`m-h-Øn-ep≈ kzm¿YX H´p-an-√m-Ø-h-cp-≠m-In√.AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AØ-c-°m-cp-≠m-°p∂ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-fnepw AXv]Xn-^-en°pw. temIsØ H∂mbpw, AXnse apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-scbpwHcp-t]m-sebpw ImWm≥ Ah-cpsS kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-\p-amb ssZh-Øn\p amXta Ign-bp-I-bp≈q. F√m tZi-sØbpw Ime-sØbpw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-tcmSpw \oXn ]pe¿Øp∂ \nb-a-hy-hÿ \¬Im\pw Ah-t\ km[n-°p-I-bp≈q. ssZh-Øns‚ k∑m¿K-t_m-[\w kzoI-cn-°msXtIhe a\- m-£n-b-\p-k-cn®v B¿°p-an-hnsS DØ-a-Po-hnXw \bn-°m-\m-hn-s√∂p ]d-bm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂. Xs‚ ktµ-i-hm-l-I-cmb ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eq-sS-bmWv ssZhw Cu Pohn-X-hy-hÿ a\p-jy-


cm-in°v ka¿∏n-®Xv. hy‡n-bp-sSbpw IpSpw-_-Øn-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw cmjvS-Øn-s‚bpw temI-Øn-s‚bpw \ne-\n¬]v AXns‚ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-h-W-sa∂v aX-am-h-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

]Xn-\mdv

iocm-a\pw ioIr-jvW\pw]hm-N-I-∑m-cm-bn-cpt∂m?

Znhy-⁄m\w C°m-e-Øp-ap-≠m-hnt√?

""Zo¿L-Im-esØ a\-\-Øn-eqsS alm-a-\o-jn-Iƒ°v e`n-°p-∂-Xt√Znhy-⁄m\w? C°m-eØpw CXv km[y-at√?''

Cµn-b-ß-fm¬ Kln-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂tXm a\-\-Øn-eqsS a\- p-Iƒ°v B¿Pn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂tXm A√ Znhy-k-tµiw. BK-lnt®miant®m e`n-°p-∂-Xp-a√ Znhy-t_m-[\w. F√m-hn[ ùXnI hni-I-e-\-ßƒ°pw AXo-Xhpw AXn-kq-£va-hp-amb ]Xn-`m-k-am-WXv. kz]v\-Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS e`y-am-Ip∂ Adnhv B¿Pn-X-⁄m-\tam BK-ln®ve`n-°p-∂tXm A√t√m. F∂m¬ kz]v\-⁄m\w icn-bm-hm\pw sX‰m-hm\pw km[y-X-bp≠v. Znhy-t_m-[\w AXn-t\m-Sp-]-an-°m-sa-¶nepw ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v hs∂-Øp∂ Znhy-k-tµiw Hcn-°epw A_-≤-am-hp-I-bn√.kI-e -hn[ ]am-Z-km-[y-X-I-fn¬\n∂pw ap‡-asX AXv.

]hm-N-IXzw ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-amWv. Ah≥ COn-°p-∂-hsc Xs‚ZqX-∑m-cmbn sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂p. am\h kaql-Øns‚ am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-\mbn Ahsc \ntbm-Kn-°p∂p. AXn¬ a\p-tjy-Ot°m A[zm-\-]-cn-i-a-ßƒt°m Hcp ]¶p-an√. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""\n\°v thZw\¬I-s∏-Sp-sa∂v \osbm´pw ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂n√. CXv \ns‚ \mY-\n¬\n-∂p≈ A\p-Klw sIm≠p-am-X-asX. AXn-\m¬ \o kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS klm-bn-bm-h-cpXv''(28: 86).

""AXv A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-K-l-am-Ip∂p. Ah≥ COn-°p-∂-h¿°vAh-\Xv \¬Ip∂p.''(62: 44)

F¥mWv Znhy-t_m-[-\-sa∂pw thZ-K-Ÿ-sa∂pw apl-ΩZv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n°v t\csØ Adn-bpI t]mep-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Jp¿-B≥

103kvt\l-kw-hmZw

hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""\ΩpsS I¬]-\-b-\p-k-cn®v \mw \n\°v t_m[\w\¬In-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wt√m. thZ-sa-¥mWv, kXy-hn-izm-k-sa-¥mWvFs∂m∂pw \n\-s°m´pw Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂m¬ \ma-Xns\Hcp ]Im-i-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p. \mw Dt±-in-°p-∂-h¿°v AXp-hgn am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Ip∂p''(42: 52).

apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS lndm hmkw F¥n\v?

""F¶n¬ F¥n-\mWv apl-ΩZv \_n ]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn\p apºv lndm-Kp-l-bn¬ t]mbn GIm-¥-hmkw A\p-jvTn-®Xv?''

Znhy-t_m-[\w kzoI-cn-°p∂ hy‡n AXn-\¿l-\m-bn-cn-°-W-at√m.F√m A¿Y-Ønepw kpk-÷\pw. as‰√m ]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw t]mseapl-ΩZv \_nbpw ssZhn-I-k-tµiw G‰p-hm-ßm≥ ]‰pw hn[w hf¿Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Bh-iy-amb tbmKy-X-bmepw kn≤n-bmepw A\p-K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬ F√m-hn[ Zp»o-e-ß-fn¬\n∂pw]m]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬\n∂pw Xo¿Øpw ap‡-\mbn ]ca ]cn-ip-≤-\m-bmWv\_n-Xn-cp-ta\n hf¿∂p-h-∂Xv. hniz-kvX-\mbn ]cs° Adn-b-s∏-Sp-amdv Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS PohnXw. \m¬]Xp hb-t m-S-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ ssZhn-I-amb Dƒhnfn kzoI-cn®v, aeo-a-k-amb Np‰p-]m-Sn¬\n-∂p -amdn lndm-Kp-l-bn¬ GIm-¥-hm-k-a-\p-jvTn®p. Aßs\]hm-N-IXzw G‰p-hm-ßm-\m-h-iy-amb am\-hn-I-amb ]q¿WX ]m]n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p apl-ΩZv \_n. AYhm, ssZhw Xs‚ A¥y-Zq-X-\mbn\ntbm-Kn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ hy‡nsb AXn-\-\p-tbm-Pyamw hn[w hf¿-Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. lndm Kpl-bnse [ym\-\n-c-X-ambPohnXw AXns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp∂p.

ssZh-Zq-Xs\ Fßs\ Xncn-®-dnbpw?

""Fß-s\-bmWv Hcmƒ ssZh-Zq-X-\mtWm At√-sb∂v Xncn-®-dn-bpI?''ka-Im-eo\ kaq-l-Ønse kXy-k-‘-\mb GsXm-cmƒ°pw Xncn-

®-dn-bm≥ km[n-°p-amdv khn-ti-j-amb hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cn°pw ssZh-Zq-X≥. At±lw ]c-a-]-cn-ip-≤-\m-bn-cn°pw. Pohn-X-Øn-sem-cn-°epw I≈w ]d-bn√. kXy-hn-cp-≤-ambn H∂pw ]h¿Øn-°p-I-bn√. ]IrXw Xo¿Øpw ]mh-\-am-bn-cn°pw. NoØ hmt°m Zp¿hr-Øntbm ssZh-Zq-X-\n¬\n-s∂m-cn-°-ep-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn√. kXyhpw\oXnbpw k¬°¿ahpw a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv D]-tZ-in-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w kzbw\S-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ]d-bp-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc ]h¿Øn-®-Xn\v Hscm‰DZm-l-cWw t]mepw ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bn√. Ft∏mgpw EPphpw tijvThpwkpXm-cyhpw kwip-≤hpw kwi-b-c-ln-X-hp-amb am¿Kta Ah-ew-_n-°p-I-bp≈q. kI-e -hn[ kzm¿Y-X-I-fn¬\n∂pw Xo¿Øpw ap‡-\m-bn-cn°pw. Bscbpw hm°mtem ]hr-Øn-bmtem tZmln-°p-I-bn√. Bcp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw Atijw Ih¿s∂-Sp-°p-I-bn√. kXy-k-‘X, XymK-ioew, tijvT- Nn¥, k∑m¿K-\njvT, \∑ t]mep≈ DØ-a- Kp-Wßƒ-°v F°m-e-sØbpw G‰hpw \√ amXr-I-bm-bn-cn°pw. BscX ian-


®mepw ssZh-Zq-Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ \yq\X Is≠-ØpI km[y-a√.Ihnsb Abm-fpsS Ihn-X-bn-eq-sSbpw Iem-Im-cs\ Abm-fpsS hc-

I-fn-eq-sSbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-t]mse kaqlw ]hm-N-Is\ At±-l-Øn\vAh-Xo¿W-am-Ip∂ Imcy-ß-fn-eqsS a\- n-em-°pI Xs∂ sNøpw. A-\y¿°v Duln-°m≥ t]mepw Ign-bmØ Imcy-ßƒ ssZh-Zq-Xs‚ a-\- n¬ A\m-bmkw sXfn™phcp∂p. Ah-sbms° icn-bm-sW∂v k-aq-l-Øn\v t_m[y-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cßs\ F√m ssZh-Zq-X∑mcpwXß-fpsS kaq-l-Ønse kIe kpa\- p-I-fmepw Xncn-®-dn-bs∏Sp-∂p.

iocm-a\pw ioIr-jvW\pw

""Cu am\-Z-fi-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw Ckvem-anI ho£-W-Ønepw iocm-a\pw ioIr-jvW\pw ]hm-N-I-∑m-cm-bn-cpt∂m?''

ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿ BK-X-am-ImØ kaq-l-ßfpw P\-X-I-fp-an-s√∂vCkvemw Jfin-X-ambn ]d-™n-´p≠v. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ A√mlp]d-bp∂p: ""F√m kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw \mw ZqX-∑msc \ntbm-Kn®p sImSp-Øn-´p≠v''(16: 36).

""\mw \ns∂ kXy-hp-ambn \ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p, ip`-hm¿Ø Adn-bn-°p-∂-h\pw Xm°oXv \¬Ip-∂-h-\p-ambn. Hcp kap-Zm-bhpw AXnsem-cp Xm°o-Xp-Im-c≥ \ntbm-Kn-X-am-ImsX Ign-™p-t]m-bn-ń√.''(35: 24).

kl-km-_vZ-ß-fpsS Ncn-X-ap≈ C¥y-bn¬ ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿ BK-X-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw ssZhn-I-k-tµiw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-sa-∂p-ap-≈-Xn¬ kwi-b-ta-bn√. F∂m¬ Bcm-bn-cp∂p B ]hm-N-I-∑m-sc∂pw Fhn-sS-sb√mw, Fs∂-√m-amWv Ah¿ \ntbm-Kn-X-cm-b-sX∂pwhy‡-ambpw Jfin-X-ambpw Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ ]mam-Wn-I- tc-J-I-sfm-∂p-an∂v e`y-a√. \ΩpsS cmPysØ ]q¿hn-I-cmb ]pWy-]p-cp-j-∑msc kw_-‘n®v \ne-hn-ep-≈Xv Iptd sFXn-ly-ßfpw Ahn-iz-k-\o-bhpw AXn-i-tbm-‡n-]-c-hp-amb h¿W-\-I-fp-amWv. icnbpw sX‰pwth¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥ km[y-a-√mØ hn[w Ah AXoh k¶o¿W-asX.iocm-a-s‚bpw ioIr-jvW-s‚bpw io_p-≤-s‚bpw Ncn-Xhpw CXn\vA]-hm-Z-a√. Ahsc kw_-‘n®v C∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂h ]eXpw icn-bm-hm≥ km[y-X-bn√. AXn-\m¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ [mc-W-Iƒ h®v Ah-scms° ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cm-bn-cpt∂m, At√-sb∂v Jfin-X-ambn ]d-bpIkm[y-a√. AtXkabw Bhm-\p≈ km[yX X≈n-°-f-bm-\p-am-hn√.\ΩpsS cmPysØ ap≥Km-an-I-fmb al-Zvhy-‡n-I-fpsS bYm¿Y NcnXwsFXn-ly-ß-fn¬\n∂pw, A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw FXn-cm-fn-Ifpw ]d-™p-≠m-°nb I¬]n-X-I-Y-I-fn¬\n∂pw tamNn-X-am-bn-°n- m≥ Fs¥-¶nepwam¿K-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AXv al-Øm-sbmcp t\´-am-bn-cn°pw. kXy-k-‘hpw\njv]-£-hp-amb At\z-j-W-]-T-\-ß-fn-eqsS Ah-cpsS bYm¿YPohnXw A\m-hr-X-am-hp-Ibpw Aßs\ Ah¿ ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cm-bn-cp-

105kvt\l-kw-hmZw

∂p-sh∂v t_m[y-am-hp-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn-te-‰-hp-a-[nIw kt¥m-jn-°pI Cu cmPysØ apkvenw-I-fm-bn-cn°pw. GXm-bmepw AØ-c-sam-c-t\z-j-Whpw ]T-\hpw AXy-[nIw A`n-Im-ay-asX.

]Xn-t\gv

apl-ΩZv \_nbpw hnKl [zwk-\hpw

F¥p-sIm≠v "A√mlp'?

""apkvenw-Iƒ kjvSm-hns\ A\y -`m-j-bmb Ad-_n-bn¬ "A√mlp'F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥n-\mWv? Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Xß-fpsS amXr-`m-j-bn¬ bp‡-amb t]cv \¬In-bm¬ t]mtc, ae-bm-fn-I-fmb \mw ssZhw,Cuiz-c≥ Fs∂√mw hnfn-°p-∂-t]mse?''

]]-©hpw AXn-ep≈ kI-eXpw krjvSn®v kwc-£n-°p∂ i‡n-sb-°p-dn-°p∂ \ma-amWv A√mlp. ssZhw, Cuiz-c≥, I¿Ømhv,tKmUv, JpZm XpSßn B kjvSm-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ GXp mj-bnse t]cpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. F∂m¬ GI\pw enwK-t`-Z-ßƒ°-Xo-X-\p-amb B i‡nsb ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°m≥ G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]Zw "A√mlp' F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Ad-_n-`m-j-bnse]kvXpX \ma-]-Z-Øn\v _lp-h-N-\tam enwK-t`-Ztam C√. AXn-\m¬"A√mlp' F∂-Xn\v temI-Øn-semcp mj-bnepw ]q¿Wm¿Y-Øn-ep≈]cn-`m-j-bn√. ]cn-`mj km[y-hp-a√. ssZhw, tKmUv, JpZm t]mep-≈-h-sb√mw Ad-_n-bnse "Cemlv' F∂-Xns‚ ]cn- m-j-bmWv. "A√mlp'F∂-Xn-t‚-X√. ssZhw F∂-Xn\v ssZh-ßƒ, tZhn F∂pw tKmUvF∂-Xn\v tKmUkv, tKmUvkv F∂p-sams° ]tbm-Kn-°pI ]Xn-hm-Wt√m. CXc `mj-I-fnse ]Z-ß-fpsS ÿnXnbpw CXp-Xs∂. ssZhw,Cuiz-c≥, tKmUv t]mep-≈-hbv°v "A√mlp' F∂-Xp-t]mse KuchwI¬]n-°-s∏-Sm-dn-s√-∂Xpw it≤-b-asX. tImSn-I-fpsS DS-asb "tImSo-iz-cs\'∂pw "tKmUv Hm^v kvamƒ XnwKvkv' F∂p-sams° H´pw a\x-]-bm-k-an-√msX Ghcpw ]d-bm-dp-≠t√m. "A√mlp' F∂Xv CØcw]tbm-K-ßƒ°pw hN\, enwK-am-‰-ßƒ°pw AXo-X-amb \ma-]-Z-amWv.


AXn-\m¬ kjvSm-hns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Isf bYm-hn[n ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°m≥ G‰hpw ]‰nb t]cpw AXp-Xs∂. temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ P\-X°v kjvSm-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Hcp t]cv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wt√m.AXn\v G‰hpw A\p-tbmPyw "A√mlp' F∂v Bb-Xn-\m-emWvA¥y-Zq-X-\n-eqsS B \maw \n›-bn-°-s∏-´Xv. AtXm-sSm∏w \n¿Wn-X-amb Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ß-fn-sem-gn®v kjvSm-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøm\pw "A√mlp' F∂p-Xs∂ ]tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-∂n√. ]mtZ-inI `mj-I-fntem temI-`m-j-I-fntem D≈CXc t]cp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

hnKl [zwk\w

""C¥y-bnse lnµp-°-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ a°-bnse Ad-_n-Ifpw hnK-lm-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp∂p. IAv_ \nc-h[n hnK-l-ßƒ ]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏´]pcm-X\ t£X-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. apl-Ω-Zn\v cmjvSo-bm-[n-Imcw e`n-®-t∏mƒ _e-]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS hnK-l-ßƒ \in-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv.CXns\°pdn®v F¥p ]d-bp∂p?''

temIØv Hcp aXhpw _lp-ssZh k¶¬]w AwKo-I-cn-°p-ItbmhnK-lm-cm-[\ A\p-im-kn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n√. lnµp-a-X-Øns‚ÿnXnbpw `n∂-a√. lnµp-°ƒ BZy-Im-eØv hnK-lm-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp-∂n√. AXv ]n∂oSv IS-∂p-Iq-Snb AXym-Nm-c-amWv. ]ap-J-cmb thZ-]-fin-X-∑mcpw sslµh \thm-∞m-c-I-∑mcpw C°mcyw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambnhy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. io. Zbm-\µ kc-kz-Xn-bpsS CXp-kw-_-‘-ambho£Ww sI. tKmIp-em-\-µ≥ Cßs\ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p: ""Cuiz-c-\n¬\n∂pw `n∂-amb ]Zm¿Y-ßsf ]qPn-°p-∂-Xns‚ êw ZpxJ-am-bn-cn°pw. Cuiz-c\v ]e t]cp-I-fp≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-sb√mw Htc i‡n-bpsS ]cym-b-ß-fmWv. Cuiz-c≥ k¿h-hym-]nbpw kzbw-`qhpw A\m-Znbpw A\-¥-\p-amWv. "AP GI ]mXv'(bPp¿ 34-˛53), "k]-cy-KmbvOyi-a-Imbva'(bPp¿ 40-˛8) F∂o bPp¿thZ hN-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pwCuiz-c≥ P∑w sIm≈p-∂n-s√∂v hy‡-am-sW∂v Zbm-\-µ≥ Nq≠n-°mń. AXn-\m¬ Ah-Xm-c-sa∂ k¶¬]hpw AXns\ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-s°m≠v sshjvW-h¿ ]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ Ah-Xm-c-I-Y-Ifpw sIń-®-a-®-h-bmWv. AXn-\m¬Xs∂ KoX 4-˛7-se

bZm bZm ln [¿aky•m\n¿`hXn `mcX!A`yp-∞m-\-a-[¿akyXZm-flm\w krPm-aylw

F∂ hN-\hpw kzoIm-cy-am-b-X√. FÆ-a‰ KpW-I¿a kz`m-h-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cuiz-c\v Iwk-cm-h-Wm-Zn-Isf sIm√p-hm-\mbn Ah-Xm-c-sa-Sp-t°-≠-Xmb Bh-iy-an√. Cuiz-c≥ \n m-c-\mb Hcp hy‡nsbsIm√p-hm-\mbn P\-\-a-c-W-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h≥

107kvt\l-kw-hmZw

hnUvVn amX-am-bn-cn°pw. "amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, BNm-cy≥, AXnYn F∂n-hsc ipiq-jn-°-emWv tZh-]qP˛ A√msX inem-i-I-e-ßsf ]qPn-°-e√.'

""alm-`m-c-X-Ønse 4400 t«mI-ß-fmWv hymk≥ cNn-®Xv. injy-∑m¿ 5600 t«mI-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿Øp. Aßs\ samØw ]Xn-\m-bncwt«mI-ßtf bYm¿Y alm-`m-c-X-Øn-ep≈q. a‰p-≈-sX√mw ]e Ime-Ømbn ]e-cm¬ Iqń-t®¿°-s∏-´-h-bmWv. tPym’y-∑mcpw a¥-hm-Zn-Ifpw aqV-∑msc h©n-°p∂p. AtN-X-\- h-kvXp-°-fmWv tPymXn¿tKmf-ßƒ. Ah tIm]n-°p-Itbm ZpxJn-°p-Itbm C√. Klw, \£Xw,PmXIw, cmin, aplq¿Øw apX-em-bh t\m°n êw ]d-bp-∂-h¿apgps° h©-I-cmWv. CØ-c-°m¿ KWn-X-sØbpw tPymXn-»m-kvX-sØbpw ad-bm°n h©-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-I-bmWv. amcWw, taml\w, D®m-S\w, hio-I-cWw apX-emb a¥-hmZ I¿a-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-hcpwhnUvVn-I-fmWv...

""bPp¿thZw 32˛-3 A\p-k-cn®v ]]© ]Xn-`m-k-Øn\v Hcp ]Xn-abpw krjvSn-°m≥ km[y-a√. sshZn-I¿ _nw_m-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp-∂n√.ssP\-a-X-°m¿ Ah-cpsS Xo¿Y-¶-c-∑m-cpsS _nw_-ßƒ \n¿an®p.AXns\ A\p-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv `mc-X-Øn¬ _nw_m-cm-[\ cq]-sa-Sp-ØXv. _nw_m-cm-[-\-bn-eqsS BK-l-ßƒ t\Sm-sa∂pw Cuiz-c≥ A\p-K-ln-°p-sa∂pw hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ bYm kabw icn-bmb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-ØmsX kabw If-bp-Ibpw kºØv \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwsNøp∂p. t£X-ß-fnse ]qPm-cn-Ifpw ]mfi-Ifpw ‡-∑msc h©n®v]Ww Xń-sb-Sp-°p∂p.

""AtN-X-\-in-esb ]qPn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS a\- ns‚ i‡n ]mgm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p. a\ v inem-cq-]-ambn kzX-¥-ambn Nn¥n-°m≥ Ign-hn-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp∂p.''(tKmIp-em-\-µ≥. sI.˛ "B[p-\nI C¥ym NcnXw'P\-d¬ FUn-‰¿: tUm. kn. hniz-\m-Y≥ \mb¿. bq\n-th-gvkn‰n _pIvkv]ªn-t°-j≥kv, Imen-°‰v. ]pdw 58).

a°-bnse Ad-_n-Ifpw BZy-Im-eØv hnK-l-]q-P-I-cm-bn-cp-∂n√.P\-iq-\yhpw Pe-iq-\yhpw ê-iq-\y-hp-am-bn-cp∂ AhnsS a\p-jy-hm-k-am-cw-`n-®Xv C_vdmlow \_n-bp-sSbpw IpSpw-_-Øn-s‚bpw BK-a-\-tØm-sS-bmWv. Ah¿ XnI™ GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-Icpw _nw_m-cm-[-\sbi‡-ambn FXn¿Ø-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv kpk-Ω-Xhpw kphn-Zn-X-hp-am-Wt√m.

C_vdmlow \_nbpw aI≥ Ckvam-Cu¬ \_nbpw tN¿∂mWvC∂p≈ hnip≤ IAv_ \n¿an-®Xv. GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-°m-bmWv Ah-cXv ]Wn-XXv. F∂√; GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-°mbn `qan-bn¬ BZy-ambn\n¿an-°-s∏´ `h-\-am-WXv. ""\n w-ibw, a\p-jy¿°mbn \n¿an-°-s∏´]Ya tZhm-ebw a°-bn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂Xp Xs∂-bmWv. AXv A\p-Kr-lo-Xhpw temI¿°m-I-am\w am¿K-Z¿i\ tIµ-hp-ambn \n¿an-°-


s∏-´-Xp-asX.''(Jp¿-B≥ 3: 96).hnip≤ IA-v_-bn¬ BZy-ambn hnKlw ]Xn-jvTn-®Xv Jpkm-Ax

tKmX-Ø-e-h-\mb Awdp_v\p epA-ømWv. apB_v ]tZ-i-Øp-\n∂vsIm≠p-h∂ lp_v¬ hnK-l-sØ-bmWv Abmƒ ÿm]n-®Xv. Ckzm-^n-s‚bpw \mC-e-bp-sSbpw hnK-l-ßfpw IA-v_-bn¬ ]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏-ń-cp∂p. Cß-s\-bmWv GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-°mbn ÿm]n-°-s∏ÍAv_ hnK-lm-e-b-ambn amdn-bXv. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS \ntbmK L´-Øn¬ AhnsS ap∂q-dn-tesd hnK-l-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]hm-N-IXze_v[n-°p-tijw apl-ΩZv \_n \o≠ ]Xn-aq∂p h¿jw AhnsS Pohn-®p. _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-s°-Xnsc Xs‚ P\-Xsb i‡-ambn t_m[-h¬°-cn-®n-cp∂ ]hm-N-I≥ Xs‚ ]q¿h ]nXm-hmb C_vdm-low-\_nGI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-°mbn \n¿an® aµn-c-Øn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏- n-cp∂ hnK-l-ßsf H∂pw sNbvXn√. ]n∂oSv AhnSw Ckvem-an-Im-[n-]-Xy-Øn-em-hp-Ibpw Xt±-io-b-sc√mw k∑m¿Kw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sS AhnsS hnK-l-ßsf Bcm-[n-°p∂ Bcp-an-√m-Xmbn. ]hm-N-I-s\-Xnsc AWn-\n-c∂v hnK-lm-cm-[-\bv°pw CXc A\m-Nm-c-ßƒ°p-ambn \ne-sIm-≠n-cp∂ t\Xm-°ƒt]mepw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS D‰A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn amdn. At∏mƒ amX-amWv ]hm-N-I≥ hnip≤ IAv-_sb hnK-l-ßƒ \o°wsNbvXv ip≤o-I-cn-®Xv. hnK-lm-cm-[-\-bv-°mbn hotdmsS hmZn-°p-Ibpw ]hm-N-I-s\-Xnsc t]m¿°-f-Øn¬ ]S-tbm- -Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX A_q-kp- vbm-\mWv Xs‚a\w am‰-Øn\p tijw "a\mX' F∂ hnK-lsØ X®p-S®v I-Av_-bn¬\n∂v \o°w sNbvXXv. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-s°-Xnsc \nc-h[n XhWBbp-[-a-Wn™ Jmen-Zp_v\p heo-ZmWv "D m' hnK-lsØ XqsØ-dn-™Xv. Aßs\ a°-bnse hnK-lm-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp-∂-h¿ Xs∂-bmWvBZ¿i-am-‰sØ XpS¿∂v Xßƒ Bcm-[n-®n-cp∂ hnK-l-ßsf \o°wsNbvXv IA-v_sb ]q¿hm-h-ÿ-bn-em-°n-bXv. hnK-l-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ hnip≤ IA-v_-bpsS Xmt°m¬ kq£n-®n-cp∂ AtXDkvam-\p_v\p Xz¬l Xs∂-bmWv Ah FSpØp am‰n-b-ti-jhpwAXns‚ Xmt°m¬ kq£n-∏p-Im-c-\m-b-sX∂ Imcyw ]tXyIw ]kvXm-hy-asX. Xß-fpsS Bcm-[y-h-kvXp-°ƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ IAv_-bpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\p t\XrXzw \¬In-b-h¿ Xs∂ Ah-sbms°\in-∏n-°-s∏´ tijhpw AtX kwc-£Ww XpS-c-W-sa-¶n¬ AXn-\n-S-bn¬ \S∂ a\w am‰hpw BZ¿i-hn-izmk ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw FXi‡hpw AKm-[-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v B¿°pw Duln-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp≈q.BZ¿i-hn-π-h-Øn-eqsS a°m-\n-hm-kn-I-fpsS a\- p-I-fnse hnK-l-ßƒ\in-∏n® tijw \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Ah-sc-s°m-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv Bcm-[-I-cm-cp-an-√m-Xmbn amdnb hnK-l-ßsf FSp-Øp-am-‰n-bXv.

Ckvemw GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[\ IWn-i-ambn \njvI¿jn-°p-Ibpw hnK-lm-cm-[-\sb i‡-ambn hne-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. F∂m¬ hnK-l-ß-

109kvt\l-kw-hmZw

sftbm a‰v Bcm[y hkvXp-°-sftbm Bt£-]n-°mt\m Ah-tl-fn-°mt\m \in-∏n-°mt\m AXv Hcn-°epw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n√.

""P\w A√m-lp-hns\ IqSmsX hnfn®p ]m¿Yn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-hsc \nßƒ Bt£-]n-°-cpXv''(Jp¿-B≥ 6:108). hnizmk, Bcm-[-\-mIm-cy-ß-fn¬ Hcp hn[ kΩ¿Zhpw _e-]-tbm-Khpw Acp-Xm-Ø-XmWv. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw CjvS-ap≈ hgn sXc-s™-Sp°mw. kXyhpwAk-Xyhpw icnbpw sX‰pw th¿Xn-cn®p ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-t°≠_m[yX amXta hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p≈q. ""]d-bpI: CXv \nß-fpsS\mY-\n¬-\n-∂p≈ kXy-amWv. CjvS-ap-≈-h¿°nXv kzoI-cn°mw. CjvS-ap-≈-h¿°v \ntj-[n°mw''(Jp¿-B≥ 18: 29).

""aX-Im-cy-Øn¬ Hcp-hn[ _e-]-tbm-K-hp-an√. k∑m¿Kw Zp¿am¿K-Øn¬ \n∂v th¿Xn-cn™v hy‡-am-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p. C\n B¿ssZth-X-c-i-‡n-Isf \ntj-[n®v A√m-lp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂pthmAh≥ _en-jvT-amb Hc-h-ew_ ]mi-Øn¬ apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-®n-cn-°p∂p.AsXm-cn-°epw A‰pt]mIp-∂-X√. A√mlp F√mw tIƒ°p-∂h\pwAdn-bp-∂-h-\p-asX''(2: 256).

113kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]Xn-s\´v

thZhpw KoXbpw ssZhn-Itam?

""C¥y-bnse sslµ-h-th-Z-ßƒ ssZhn-I-am-sW∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-t≠m?''

hnZy, hn⁄m\w Fs∂m-s°-bmWv thZ-sa∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw.A[ym-fl-⁄m-\-sa-∂mWv AXns‚ hnh£. thZ-ßƒ A]u-cp-tj-b-ß-fm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. AXv a\p-jy-\n¿an-X-a-s√∂pw ssZh-t]m-‡-am-sW∂pw Nne thZ-]-fin-X-∑m¿ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-dp≠v.F∂m¬ thZ-ßƒ kzbw AØ-c-sam-c-h-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-∂-bn-°p-∂n√.

Ncn-X-Ønse F√m P\-k-aq-l-ß-fn-te°pw ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿ \ntbm-Kn-X-cm-bn-´p-s≠∂pw ssZhn-I-k-tµiw \¬I-s∏-ń-´p-s≠∂pw Ckvemwkn≤m-¥n-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ thZ-ßƒ Bcy-∑m¿°v Ah-Xo¿W-ambZnhy-k-tµ-i-ß-fpsS `mK-am-hm-\p≈ km[yX \ncm-I-cn-°mt\m \ntj-[n-°mt\m \ymb-an√. F∂√, AØ-c-samcp km[yX Xo¿®-bm-bp-ap≠v.F∂m¬ C∂v \ne-hn-ep≈ E°v, bPp v, kmaw, AY¿hw F∂o \mepthZ-ßƒ ssZhn-I-am-sW∂v Icp-Xm-h-X√. Ah a\pjy CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ°v \nc-¥cw hnt[-b-am-b-Xn-\m¬ auen-IX \jvS-am-hp-Ibpw A]u-cp-tj-b-ß-f-√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. C°mcyw thZ-hn-izm-kn-IƒXs∂ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. tUmIvS¿ cm[m-Ir-jvW≥Fgp-Xp∂p:

""Bcy-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS BZna hmk-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂v Xß-fpsS G‰hpwhne-]n-Sn® kº-sØ∂ \ne-bn¬ C¥y-bn-te°v sIm≠p-h∂ Znhy-]-tNm-Z-\-apƒs°m≠ Km\-ßƒ tiJ-cn®p kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iyw ]pXnb cmPyØv CXc tZh-∑msc Bcm-[n-°p∂ hf-sc-b-[nIwP\-ß-fp-ambn Ah¿°v CS-s]-tS-≠n-h-∂-t∏mƒ t\cn-´-Xn-\m¬ Ahkam-l-cn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn s]mXpsh hniz-kn®phcp∂p...

""hf-sc-°m-e-tØmfw AY¿h-th-Z-Øn\v Hcp thZ-Øns‚ A¥ vssIh-∂n-cp-∂n√. F¶nepw \ΩpsS Ct∏m-gsØ Dt±-iysØ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw EtKzZw t]mse-Øs∂ AY¿h-th-Zhpw kzX-¥-ß-


fmb D≈-S-°-ß-fpsS Ncn-X-]-c-amb kam-lm-c-am-Ip∂p. Nn¥-bpsSHcp ]n¬°m-e-bp-K-Øn¬ \n¿an-°-s∏´ Cu thZ-Øn¬ hym]n®p\n¬°p-∂Xv hn`n-∂-amb Hcp at\m- m-h-asX. Xßƒ ]Xp-s°-∏-Xps°Iog-S-°n-s°m-≠n-cp∂ cmPyØv apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ P\-ßƒ Bcm-[n-®n-cp∂ tZh-∑m-cp-sSbpw qXt-]-Xm-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw t\¿°v sshZn-Im-cy-∑m¿ssIs°m≠ HØp-Xo¿∏v at\m-`m-h-Øns‚ ê-ßsf AXp ImWn-°p∂p''(`mc-Xob Z¿i\w, amXr- qan ]n‚nwKv B‚ v ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\nenan-‰Uv, tImgn-t°mSv. ]pdw 44, 45).

thZ-ß-fnse ssZh-k-¶¬]-Øn¬ t]mepw Kpcp-X-c-amb am‰w kw -hn-®-Xmbn tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p.

1017 kq‡-ßfpw 10472 E°p-Ifpw 8 AjvS-I-ßfpw 10 afi-e-ß-fp-ap≈ EtKz-Z-Ønse ]Ømw afi-e-sØ-°p-dn®v cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""]Ømw afiew ]n¬°m-eØv Iqń-t®¿Ø-Xm-sW∂v tXm-∂p∂p. thZ-kq-‡-ß-fpsS hnIm-k-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-L-´-Øn¬ ]Nm-c-Øn-en-cp∂ ho£-W-ß-fmWv AXn-e-S-ßn-bXv F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-an√. BZy-Im-esØ `‡n-\n¿`-c-amb Ihn-X-bpsS P∑-kn-≤-ambh¿Ww CXn¬ Zm¿i-\nINn¥-bpsS hnf¿∏v Ie¿∂v tcmK-_m-[n-X-am-b-t]mse ImW-s∏-Sp∂p. krjvSn-bpsS D¤hw apX-emb hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Dulm-t]m-l-]-[m-\-ß-fmb kq‡-ßƒ CXn¬ ImWmw.Cu Aaq¿Ø-ß-fmb kn≤m-¥-N¿®-I-tfm-sSm∏w AY¿h-th-Z-Im-e-Øn-te°p tN¿∂ A‘-hn-izm-k-]-c-ß-fmb BI¿j-tWm-®m-S\ a¥-ßfpw CXn¬ ImWm-\p≠v. `mh-]-[m-\-ß-fmb kq‡-ß-fn¬ kzbwA\m-h-cWw sNbvX a\- ns‚ ]mb-sa-Ø-ens\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bmWv Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fmb kq‡-ß-sf-¶n¬, A‘-hn-izm-k-]-c-ambkq‡-ßƒ ImWn-°p-∂Xv, At∏m-tg°v C¥y-bnse BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-I-fpsS kn≤m-¥-ßfpw BNm-c-ß-fp-ambn sshZn-Im-cy-∑m¿ ]cn-N-b-s∏´pIgn-™n-cp∂p F∂mWv. ]Ømw afiew ]n¬°m-e-Øp-≠m-b-XmWv F∂-Xn\v Ch km£yw hln-°p∂p''(Ibid ]pdw 47).

EtKz-Z-Øn¬t]mepw Hcp ssZhn-I-K-Ÿ-Øn\v H´pw tbmPn-°m-Ø-hn-[-ap≈ PmXo-bX IS-∂p-Iq-Sn-b-Xmbn ImWmw:

""_m“-tWmky apJ-amkoZv _mlq- cm-P-\yx- IrXx Ducp XZky bssZziyx ]Zv`ymw iqtZm APm-bX'' (EtKzZw 10: 90: 12)

(B ]Pm-]-Xn°v _“-W≥ apJ-ambn, apJ-Øn¬ \n∂p¬]-∂-ambn.£Xn-b≥ _mlp-°-fn¬ \n∂p-f-hmbn. Ducp-°-fn¬\n∂v sshiy-\p-≠mbn. Ahn-SsØ ]mZ-ß-fn¬\n∂v iqZ≥ P\n®p.)

EtKz-Z-Øns‚ c≠mw `mK-Øns‚ Ah-Xm-cn-I-bn¬, thZ-ß-fnseapgp-h≥ `mKhpw C∂v e`y-a-s√∂pw Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw Iqń-t®¿°-s∏- n- p-s≠∂pw Ahy-‡hpw Zpcq-l-hp-amb ]eXpw Ah-bn-ep-s≠∂pw

115kvt\l-kw-hmZw

F≥.hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿ hy‡-am-°p∂p.""thZ-ßƒ ]am-Z-ap-‡-ßtfm F√mw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂tXm As√''∂v

tUm. Fkv. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Xs‚ Indian Religions (t]Pv 22)epw sXfn-bn®p ]d-™n- p≠v. \tc-µ- q-j¨ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""ItaW ]mTm-¥-c-ßfpwimJ-Ifpw \ne-hn¬hcn-Ibpw tem]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Nne¿ _m“-W-ß-sfbpw thZ-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn. Cßs\ kwln-Xbpw _m“-W-hp-sa√mw IqSn-°p-g-™-t∏mƒ hymk≥ Ahsb ]p\¿\n¿WbwsNbvXn-cn°mw. Aß-s\-bmhmw hymk≥ thZw ]Ip-sØ∂ IY \ne-hn¬h-∂Xv... Ch-bn¬\n∂v \ap°v A\p-am-\n-°m-hp-∂Xv kwln-X-Ifpw_mlva-W-ßfpw IqSn-°p-g™v A ¬ thZ-taXv, ]h-N-\-taXv, imJ-tbXv F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-hmsX h∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv''(sshZnI kmlnXy NcnXw, ]pdw 51, 53).

kXy-hX ]t -ens‚ mj-bn¬, ""lnµp-a-X-Øns‚ BZy -tkm-X vthZ-amWv. apgp-hn-`m-K-ßfpw AXn-t\mSv Iqdp]pe¿Øp-Ibpw AXns‚auen-IX AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Nne thZ-kq-‡-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-ń-´p≠v. F¶nepw Ct∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep-≈-h-Xs∂ [mcm-f-amWv'' (Hin-duism Religion and Way of Life. Page 5).

EtKzZw ]Ømw afi-e-Ønse ]Ømw kq‡-Øn¬ kz¥w k-tlm-Z-cs\ ssewKn-I-th-gvN°p £Wn-°p∂ ktlm-Z-cn-bpsS mjbpwssienbpw Hcp ssZhnI KŸ-Øn\v H´pw A\p-tbm-Py-a√. A]-ImcwXs∂ kqcy-K-l-W-sØbpw Nµ-K-l-W-sØbpw kw_-‘n®EtKz-Z-Øn-sebpw AY¿h-th-Z-Øn-sebpw ]kvXm-h-ßƒ A_-≤-P-Sn-e-ßfpw A‘-hn-izm-km-[n-jvTn-X-ß-fp-asX. AXn-\m¬ thZ-ß-fn¬\o°wsNtø≠ ]e-Xp-aps≠∂v ]apJ sslµh ]fin-X-∑m¿ Xd-∏n®p ]d-™n-´p≠v. Kpcp- \n-Xy-ssN-X-\y-bXn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""thZ-ßƒG‰hpw \nIr-jvS-am-bn-´p≈ lnwk°v A\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂p-sh∂v amX-a√, Ah-sb√mw sNtø-≠-Xp-X-s∂-bm-sW∂v hnh-cn-°p∂ Ht´sd a¥-ß-fp≠v. \njv]-£-a-Xn-I-fm-bn-´p≈ B¿°pw AXv I≠n-s√∂v `mhn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-X√. lnµp-°-fpsS G‰hpw D¬Ir-jvS-amb ipXn thZ-am-sW∂v ]d-bp∂ AtX \mhp-sIm≠v AXn¬ G‰hpw lo\-amba¥-ß-fp-s≠∂p IqSn ]d-tb-≠n-h-cp-∂Xv GsXmcp ]fin-X∂pw ZpxJ-I-c-amb A\p-`hw Xs∂-bmWv. F∂m¬, Nne ]fin-X-∑m¿ Ncn-X-k-Xy-ß-tfmSv \oXnImWn-°msX, thZ-ß-fnse \o°wsNø-s∏-tS-≠-XmbCu a¥-ßsf km[q-I-cn-°m\pw \ymbo-I-cn-°m\pw ian-°p-∂Xv Hcn-°epw £¥-hy-am-sW∂v ]d-bm-h-X√.''(Kpcp-Ipew amknI. D≤-cWw,`mc-Xob \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ cq]-tcJ, t]Pv 212)

Npcp-°-Øn¬, \ne-hn-ep≈ thZ-ßƒ ssZhn-I-ßtfm A]u-cp-tj-b-ßtfm BsW∂v thZ-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ t]mepw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-I-bn√.Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw Iqń-t®¿°-s∏-ń-´p≠v, IrXn-a-ßƒ°n-c-bm-bn-´p≠v,]eXpw \jvS-s∏-ń-´p-ap≠v. F∂m¬ CXn-sem´pw A¤p-X-an√. thZ-ß-


fpsS NcnXw B¿°p-a-dn-bn-√t√m. AXns‚ Ime-sØ-°p-dn-®p-t]mepwKpcp-X-c-amb A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-am-Wp-≈Xv. InkvXp-hn\p apºv 6000h¿j-am-sW∂pw 4500 BsW∂pw 3000 BsW∂pw 1500 BsW-∂p-sams° hmZn-°p-∂-h-cp≠v. CtX-°p-dn®v Jfin-X-ambn Bcpw H∂pw]d-bp-∂n√. Bcy-∑m¿ C¥y-bn-se-Ønb tij-amWv Ah tImUo-I-cn-®-sX∂ Imcy-Øn¬ ]£m-¥-c-an√. thZm-h-X-c-W-Øn\pw tImUo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-an-S-bnse kpZo¿L-amb Ime-hy-Xymkw Ah-bnse Kpcp-X-c-amb am‰-ßƒ°pw IrXn-a-ßƒ°pw Imc-W-am-hpI kzm`m-hn-I-asX.tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Bcy-∑m¿ IqsS sIm≠p-h∂ Nne[mc-W-Ifpw hnizm-k-ßfpw Ah¿ C¥y-bpsS aÆn¬ XpS¿∂v hnI-kn-∏n®p. Cu kq‡-ßƒ \n¿an-®-Xn\p tijw hfsc \o≠ CS°mewIgn-™m-bn-cp∂p Ah kam-l-cn-°-s∏- Xv''(`mc-Xob Z¿i\w, ]pdw 46).

thZ-ßƒ ]Im-in-X-amb ]m‡\ sshZn-I-`mj Xs∂ C∂n-s√∂pw \ne-hn-ep≈ kwkvIrXw AXns‚ cq]m-¥-c-am-sW∂pw thZ-Im-e-Øn-\p-tijw hf-sc-°-gn-™mWv AXp-≠m-b-sX∂pw \tc-µ-`q-j¨ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]fin-X-∑m¿ hy‡-am-°p∂p (sshZnI kmlnXyNcnXw, ]pdw 27, 39).

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ F√m a\pjy CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬\n∂pw Iqń-t®¿°-ep-I-fn¬\n∂pw shń-®p-cp-°-ep-I-fn¬\n∂pw Iqń-°-e¿Ø-ep-I-fn¬-\n∂pw Xo¿Øpw tamNn-X-amb, Ah-X-cWw sXmń-tX-h-sc-bp≈ NcnXwa\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS apºn¬ sXfn-™p-\n¬°p∂ KŸw Jp¿-B≥ amX-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv AXns\ \ne-hn-ep≈ GI ssZhn-I-K-Ÿ-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv. AXv ]q¿hnI ssZhnI KŸ-ß-sf-sb√mw kXy-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

""`K-h-XvKo-Xbpw ssZhn-I-a-s√-∂mtWm Xm¶-fpsS A`n-]mbw?''\ne-hn-ep≈ thZ-ßƒ a\pjy CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-bn-´p-

s≠∂v tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥, F≥.hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿, \tc-µ- q-j¨,kXy-h-X -]-t´¬ t]mep≈ thZ-]-fin-X-∑m¿ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-b-XmWv.

alm-`m-c-X-Øn¬ Ipcp-t£-X-bp-≤-`q-an-bn¬ Iuc-h-tcmSv bp≤wsNøm≥ ]mfi-h-∑m¿ sN∂-t∏mƒ ]mfi-h-ho-c-\mb A¿Pp-\\v_‘p-P-\-ßsf sIm√m≥ henb ZpxJw tXm∂n. A¿Pp-\s‚ tXcm-fn-bmb IrjvW≥ A¿Pp-\s‚ Aÿm-\-Øp≈ B lrZbZu¿_eywam‰m≥ ]d-™p-sIm-SpØ XtXzm-]-tZ-i-amWv KoX-sb∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. hymk-a-l¿jn-bmWv KoX-bpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ alm- m-cXw \n¿an-®Xv.

ioIr-jvW≥ `K-hms‚ Ah-Xm-c-am-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ KoX `K-h-ZvKo-X-bm-sW∂pw ]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂p. F∂m¬ `K-hm≥ Hcn-°epwa\p-jy-cq-]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-°n-s√∂pw Ah-X-cn-®n-ń-s√-∂p-amWv ]ap-J-cmb sslµh ]fin-X-∑mcpw ]cn-jvI¿Øm-°fpw hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv.

117kvt\l-kw-hmZw

kzman Zbm-\µ kc-kzXn C°mcyw tNmtZym-Ø-c-cq-]-Øn¬ Cßs\Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p:

""]iv\w: Cuiz-c≥ Ah-Xmcw kzoI-cn-°p-∂pt≠m?DØcw: C√. Fs¥-∂m¬ "AP GI ]mXv' (35˛-53), "k]¿ø-Km-

Xp-I-a-Imbw' (40˛8) F∂p XpS-ßnb bPp¿thZ hN-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v]c-ta-iz-c≥ P∑w sIm≈p-∂n-s√∂v a\- n-em-Ip-∂p≠v.

]iv\w:bZm bZm ln [¿aky•m\n¿`-hXn `mcXA`yp-∞m\ a[¿akyXZm-flm\w krPm-aylw (`K-hXv KoX A: 4 t«mIw 7)

[¿a-Øn\v tem]w hcp-tºm-sg√mw Rm≥ icocw [cn-°p∂p F∂vioIrjvW≥ ]d-bp-∂p-≠t√m?

DØcw: thZ-hn-cp-≤-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v CXv ]am-W-am-Ip-∂n√. [¿am-flmhpw [¿asØ c£n-°m≥ COn-°p-∂-h\p-amb ioIr-jvW≥ "Rm≥bpKw tXmdpw P∑w ssIs°m≠p injvS P\-ßsf ]cn-]m-en-°p-IbpwZpjvS-∑msc kwl-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw' F∂n-ßs\ BK-ln-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cn°mw. Aßs\ sNøp-∂-Xn¬ tZmj-sam-∂p-an√. Fs¥-∂m¬ "]tcm-]-Im-c-mb kXmw hn`q-Xbx' -˛k÷-\-ß-fpsS icocw, a\ v, [\wF∂n-h-sb√mw ]tcm-]-Im-c-Øn-\m-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wt√m. F∂mepw ioIr-jvW≥ CXp-sIm≠v Cuiz-c-\m-sW∂v hcp-hm≥ Xc-an√''(kXym¿Y]Imiw, ]pdw 304, 305).

Cuiz-c\v Ah-Xm-c-ap-≠m-hn-s√∂v iohm-Kv`-Sm\µ Kpcphpw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v (hmK-v`-Sm\-µs‚ kºq¿W IrXn-Iƒ,]pdw 357˛359, 751, 752. amXr-`qan ]n‚nwKv B‚ v ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\nenan-‰Uv, tImgn-t°mSv).

KoX-Xs∂ Ah-Xmc k¶¬]sØ \ncm-I-cn-°p∂p:Ah-Pm-\¥n amw aqVmam\pjow X\p am inXw]cw `mh-a-Pm-\t¥maa `qX atl-izcwtamLmim tamL I¿ΩmtWmtamL-⁄m\m hntN-Xkxcm£kn amkpcn ssNh]IrXow tamln\ow ioXmx

(`qX-ß-fpsS atl-iz-cs\∂ ]c-a-amb Fs‚ mhsØ Adn-bmØ aqV-∑m¿ Fs∂ am\p-jn-I-amb ico-csØ Bi-bn-®-h-\mbn sX‰mbn a\- n-em-°p∂p. Aßs\ Fs∂ [cn-°p-∂-h-cpsS Bi-Ifpw Ah¿sNøp∂ I¿a-ßfpw Ah¿°p≈ ⁄m\hpw \njv -e-ß-fmWv. Ah¿Ahn-th-In-Ifpw a\- ns\ tamln-∏n-°p∂ cm£k ]Ir-Xn-sbbpw


Akpc ]Ir-Xn-sbbpw Bi-bn-®p-≈-h-cm-Ip∂p.''- A[ymbw 9, cmPhnZym cmPKply-tbmKw, t«mIw 11, 12).

KoX-bnse CØcw kq‡-ßƒ Znhy-h-N-\-ß-fm-hm-\p≈ km[yX\ntj-[n-°m-\m-hn√. F∂m¬ ioIr-jvW≥ `K-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂k¶¬]w Xo¿Øpw sX‰mWv. KoX-bpsS Xs∂ D]-cyp‡ ]kvXm-h-Øn\v ISIhncp-≤-hp-amWv. ioIr-jvW≥ ssZh-Zq-X-\m-hm-\p≈ km[y-X-bmWv Gsd-bp-≈Xv. F∂m¬ At±-l-Øns‚ hy‡hpw kXy-k-‘-hp-amb NcnXw e`y-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Jfin-X-am-sbmcp\nK-a-\-Øn-se-ØpI km[y-a√.

KoX-bpsS hy‡hpw Jfin-X-hp-amb NcnXw e`y-a√. AXv alm-`m-c-X-bp-≤-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-®mtWm cNn-°-s∏-´-sX∂ Imcy-Øn¬ t]m-epw ho£W hyXym-k-ap≠v. KoX-bpsS Imehpw hnhm-Z-hn-t[-b-amWv.InkvXp-hn\p apºv A©mw \q‰m-≠n-em-sW∂pw \memw \q‰m-≠n-em-sW∂pw aq∂mw \q‰m-≠n-em-sW∂pw InkvXp-hn\p tijw c≠mw \q‰m-≠n-em-sW∂pw \memw \q‰m-≠n-em-sW-∂p-sa√mw A`n-]m-bm-¥-c-ap≠v.Cu Ahy-‡-X-sb-°p-dn®v tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""`K-h-ZvKoX alm-`m-c-X-Øns‚ bYm¿Y `mK-am-sW∂v \mw kzoI-cn-®m¬Xs∂bpw AXn¬ ]e Ime-L-´-ß-fn-sebpw IrXn-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n- p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v \ap°v KoX-bpsS ImesØ∏‰n Dd∏v ]d-bm-\m-hn√.''(`mc-Xob Z¿i\w, `mKw 1, ]pdw 481).

KoXm-I¿Ømhv Xs‚ ImesØ hnhn[ Nn¥m-[m-c-Isf ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p-Ibpw kam-l-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-b-sX∂v tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p.

GXm-bmepw KoX ssZhn-I-am-sW∂v At±-l-Øn\v A`n-]m-b-an√.""Z¿i\w, aXw, kZm-Nm-c-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS D]-tZ-i-ß-f-S-ßp∂ KŸ-am-WXv. AXns\ ipXn-sbt∂m AYhm Cuiz-co-b-amb Acp-f-∏m-sSt∂m Icp-Xp-∂n√. kvarXn-sb∂v ]d-bm-hp-∂-XmWv''(Ibid ]pdw 477).

Npcp-°-Øn¬ KoX-bn¬ ssZhnI ktµ-i-ß-fpsS Awi-ßfpw Bi-b-ßfpw D≠m-hm-sa-¶nepw AsXmcp ssZhnI KŸ-a√. Hcp ssZhnIKŸ-am-sW∂v KoX kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√-∂Xpw it≤-b-asX.

119kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]sØm-ºXv

Jp¿-B≥ ss__n-fns‚ A\p-I-c-Wtam?

""apl-ΩZv Xs‚ ImesØ blqZ˛ssIkvXh ]fin-X-∑m-cp-ambn_-‘-s∏´v ]Tn® Imcy-ßƒ kz¥w `mj-bnepw ssien-bnepw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. ]q¿h-k-aq-l-ßsf kw_-‘n® Jp¿-B-s‚bpw ss__n-fn-s‚bpw hnh-cWw Htc -hn-[-am-hm≥ ImcWwAXmWv'˛ H∂n-tesd Cw•ojv ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ Cu hn-[-ap≈ ]cm-a¿iw hmbn-°m-\n-S-bmbn. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v F¥p ]d-bp∂p?''

Ckvem-an-t\mSv sImSnb iXpX h®p-]p-e¿Øp∂ ]m›m-Xy≥ Fgp-Øp-Im¿ hym]-I-ambn ]N-cn-∏n® Xo¿Øpw hymP-amb Btcm-]-W-am-WnXv. Cu Btcm-]-W-Øn\v kXy-hp-ambn hnZq-c-_‘w t]mep-an-s√∂vJp¿-B\pw ss__nfpw Hcm-hrØn hmbn-°p∂ Gh¿°pw hfsc thKwt_m[y-amIpw.

am\-h-cm-in°v ssZhn-I -Po-hn-X-hy-hÿ ka¿∏n-°m≥ \nbp-‡-cmb ktµ-i-hm-l-I-cmWv ]hm-N-I-∑m¿. AXn-\m¬ Ah-cn-eqsSka¿]n-X-amb ssZhn-I-k-∑m¿K-Øn¬ GIX Zriy-am-hpI kzm`m-hn-I-asX. ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ hyXn-N-en-®n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ aX-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ sshhn-[ytam sshcp-[ytam D≠m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂√; ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cpsS ASn-°-Sn-bp≈\ntbmKw kw`-hn-®-Xp-Xs∂ ap≥Km-an-I-fpsS am¿K-Øn¬\n∂v Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ hyXn-N-en-®-Xn-\m-emWv.

apl-ΩZv \_n \ntbm-Kn-X-\mb ImeØv tami-bp-sStbm tbip-hn-s‚tbm ktµ-i-ßfpw A[ym-]-\-ßfpw X\-Xmb kz`m-h-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. PqX˛ssIkvXh kaq-l-ßƒ Ah-bn¬ Kpcp-X-c-amb IrXn-a-ßfpw shń-®p-cp-°-ep-Ifpw Iqń-t®¿°-ep-Ifpw \S-Øn-bn-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬ B ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ ]t_m-[\wsNbvX Imcy-ß-fn¬ sNdnb Hcwiw amX-amWv ss__n-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv. Ah-bp-ambn apl-ΩZv \_n-bn-eqsS Ah-Xo¿W-amb hnh-c-W-ßƒ HØp-h-cnI kzm`m-hn-I-amWv. Aßs\ kw`-hn-®n-´p-ap≠v. ss__n-fnepw Jp¿-B-\nepw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ kmZriyw AXsX.


aX-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ kn≤m-¥-amb ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øn¬Xs∂PqX˛ssIkvXh ho£-Whpw apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS ]t_m-[-\hpwXΩn¬ ]I-S-amb A¥-chpw sshcp-[yhpw ImWmw. apl-ΩZv \_nIWn-i-amb GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m-¥-amWv kaq-l-k-a£w ka¿∏n-®Xv.F∂m¬ PqX˛ssIkvXh kaq-l-ßƒ C∂-sØ-t∏mse A∂pw hnI-e-am-b ssZh-hn-izm-k-amWv sh®p-]p-e¿Ønbn-cp-∂Xv. \_n-Xn-cp-ta\nCXv AwKo-I-cn®v A\p-I-cn-®n-s√∂v amX-a√, At±-l-Øn-eqsS Ah-Xo¿W-amb Jp¿-B≥ AXns\ \nin-X-ambn FXn¿°pI IqSn sNbvXp.""blq-Z-∑m¿ ]d-bp∂p: "Dssk¿ ssZh-]p-X-\m-Ip∂p.' ssIkvX-h¿]d-bp∂p: "aninlm ssZh-]p-X-\m-Ip∂p'. CsX√mw Ah¿ hmb-sIm≠v]d-bp∂ \nc¿Y-I-amb P¬]-\-ß-fsX. Ah¿, Xßƒ°p-apºv kXy-\n-tj-[-Øn-e-I-s∏-´-h-cpsS hmZ-tØmSv kmZriywhln-°p∂p'' (9:30).

""A√mlp ]pX-∑msc kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v hmZn-°p-∂-hscXm°oXv sNøm-\p-amWv Cu KŸw AhXo¿W-am-bXv. Ah¿°v C°m-cy-sØ-°p-dn®v bmsXm-c-dn-hp-an√. Ah-cpsS ]q¿hn-I¿°pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. Ah-cpsS hmb-I-fn¬\n∂v han-°p-∂Xv Kpcp-X-c-amb hm°p-Xs∂.shdpw I≈-am-W-h¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv''(18: 4, 5).

""A√mlp aqh-cn¬ Hcp-h-\m-Ip∂p F∂p hmZn-®-h¿ Xo¿®-bmbpwkXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fm-bn-cn-°p∂p. GI-ssZ-h-a-√msX thsd ssZh-ta-bn√.Ah¿ Xß-fpsS CØcw hmZ-ß-fn¬\n∂v hnc-an-®n-s√-¶n¬ Ah-cnse\ntj-[n-Isf thZ-\m-\n-c-X-amb in£ _m[n-°pIXs∂ sNøpw.C\nbpw Ah¿ ]›m-Ø]n-°p-Ibpw ssZh-tØmSv am∏-t]-£n-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂nt√? A√mlp Gsd s]mdp-°p-∂-h\pw am∏v \¬Ip-∂-h-\p-at√m''( 5: 73, 74).

C∂sØ PqX˛ssIkvX-h- k-aq-l-sØ-t∏mse A∂sØ blq-Zcpw ssIkvX-hcpw tbip-hns‚ Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ Jp¿-B≥ CXns\ i‡-ambn \ntj-[n-°p∂p.""blq-Z¿ ]d™p: "akolv Cuk-_v\p -a¿b-ans\˛ ssZh-Zq-Xs\˛ R-ßƒ sIm∂p-I-f-™n-cn-°p∂p.' kXy-Øntem, Ah-c-t±-lsØ h[n-®n-ń√, Iqin-®n-´p-an√. ]ns∂tbm, kw`hw Ah¿°v Ahy-‡-am-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. At±-lsØ kw_-‘n®v n∂m- n-]m-b-ap-≈-hcpw kwi-b-K-kvX¿ Xs∂. Ah¿°v AXn-s\-°p-dn-s®m-c-dn-hp-an√; DulsØ]n≥]-‰p-∂-X-√msX. Ah-c-t±-lsØ Dd-∏mbpw sIm∂n-ń√''(4: 157).

ssZh-sØbpw ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-scbpw kw_-‘n®v A_-≤-P-Sn-e-ambAt\Iw ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ ss__n-fn-ep≠v. Ah-sbm∂pw Jp¿-B-\nen-s√∂p amX-a√; Ah-bpsS kXy-k-‘hpw IrXyhpw hkvXp-\n-jvThp-amb hnh-cWw \¬Ip-∂p-ap≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Nne-Xp- am-X-an-hnsS]dbmw:

""shbn-em-dn-b-t∏mƒ tXm´-Øn-eqsS I¿Øm-hmb ssZhw \S-°p∂i_vZw Ah¿ tI´p. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \n∂-I∂v a\p-jy\pw mcybpw

121kvt\l-kw-hmZw

tXm´-Ønse hr£-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ t]mbn Hfn®p'' (D¬]Øn 3:8,9).""A\-¥cw I¿Øm-hmb ssZhw AcpƒsNbvXp: t\m°pI, a\p-

jy≥ \∑-Xn-∑-Iƒ Adn™v \Ωn¬ Hcp-h-s\-t∏mse Bbn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. C\n Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ ssI\oń Poh-hr-£-Øns‚ I\n-IqSn]dn®v Xn∂v Fs∂∂pw Pohn-°m≥ CS-h-c-cpXv''(D¬]Øn 3:22).

Ckvem-anse ssZh-k-¶¬]-Øn\pw hnizm-k-Øn\pw IS-I-hn-cp-≤-amWv Cu ]kvXm-h-ßƒ. ssZh-Zq-X-∑msc kw_-‘n®v ss__n-fn-ep≈ ]eXpw Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-ß-fm-sW∂p amX-a√; Ahsc AXy¥wAh-tl-fn-°p-∂-hbpw sImSpwIp‰-hm-fn-I-fmbn NnXo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-bp-amWv. t\ml-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-bp∂p: ""t\mlv ho™v IpSn®v elcn_m[n®v \·-\mbn IqSm-c-Øn¬ InS∂p. ]nXm-hns‚ \·X I≠n´vIm\m-\ns‚ ]nXm-hmb lmw shfn-bn¬ sN∂v a‰p c≠v ktlm-Z-c-∑m-tcmSv hnhcw ]d™p. tiapw bms^Xpw IqSn Hcp hkvXw FSpØvCcp-h-cp-sSbpw tXmfp-I-fn-embn C v, ]nd-tIm v \S-∂p-sN∂v ]nXm-hns‚\·X ad®p. apJw Xncn®p \S-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ ]nXm-hns‚ \·XI≠n√. aZy-e-lcn hn´p-W¿∂v Xs‚ Cfb ]pXs‚ ]hrØn-sb-°p-dn®v Adn-™-t∏mƒ t\mlv ]d™p: Im\m≥ i]n-°-s∏-´-h≥. Abmƒkz¥w ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°v ASn-a-I-fn¬ ASn-a-bm-bn-cn°pw. I¿Ømhvtians\ A\p-K-ln-°s´''(D¬]Øn 9: 21˛2-6).

aZy-]n®v el-cn-°-Sn-s∏´v \·-\m-hp-Ibpw Hcp Ip‰-hp-an-√msX t]c-°p-ńsb i]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX t\mlv Jp¿-B≥ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂]c-a-]-cn-ip-≤-\mb \qlv \-_n-bn¬\ns∂-Xtbm hyXy-kvX-\sX.

]hm-N-I-\mb A_-lm-an-s\-∏‰n ss__nƒ ]d-bp∂p: ""£mawcq£-am-b-Xn-\m¬ A_mw ]h-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn CuPn-]vXn-te°v]pd-s∏´p. CuPn-]vXn¬ ]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv A_mw `mcy kmdm-tbmSv ]d™p: "\o kpµ-cn-bm-sW∂v F\n-°-dnbmw. CuPn-]vXp-Im¿\ns∂ ImWp-tºmƒ "Chƒ Cbm-fpsS `mcy-bmWv' F∂p ]d™v F-s∂ sIm√p-Ibpw \ns∂ Poh-t\msS hnSp-Ibpw sNøpw. \o \nanØwF\n°p \∑ hcm≥ \o Fs‚ ktlm-Z-cn-bm-sW∂v ]d-bpI. \o \nan-Øw Fs‚ Poh≥ c£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.' A_mw CuPn-]vXn¬ ]th-in-®-t∏mƒ kvXo AXy¥w kpµ-cn-bm-sW∂v CuPn-]vXp-Im¿ I≠p.Ahsf I≠ tdm-hs‚ ]`p-°-∑m¿ tdm-hs‚ apºn¬ Ahsf]‰n]iw-kn®p kwkm-cn®p. kvXosb ^tdm-hs‚ Ac-a-\-bn-te°v Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]mbn. Ahƒ \nanØw tdm-h≥ A_m-an-t\mSv Zbm-]q¿hws]cp-amdn. Abmƒ°v BSp-am-Sp-I-sfbpw rXy-∑m-scbpw rXy-I-sfbpws]Ï-gp-X-I-sfbpw H´-I-ß-sfbpw \¬-In''(D¬]Øn 12: 10˛16).

kz¥w kl-[¿an-Wnsb c-Wm-[n-Im-cn°v hn´p-sIm-SpØv kΩm\wkzoI-cn-°p∂ \oN-cn¬ \oN-\mb ss__n-fnse A_mapw Jp¿-B≥]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ BZ¿i-im-enbpw XymK-k-∂-≤\pw [oc\pw hnπ-h-Im-cn-bp-amb C_vdmlow \_nbpw XΩn¬ Hcp Xmc-Xayw t]mepwkm[y-a√.


]hm-N-I-\mb temØn-s\-°p-dn®v ss__nƒ ]d-bp∂p: ""tkmh-dn¬ ]m¿°m≥ temØv `b-s∏´p. AXp-sIm≠v Abmƒ c≠p ]pXn-am-scbpw Iqń tkmh¿ \K-c-Øn¬\n∂v t]mbn ae-bn¬ Xma-kn®p.AhnsS Hcp Kpl-bn¬ Ah¿ ]pXn-am-tcm-sSmØv ]m¿Øp. aqØ ]pXnCf-b-h-tfmSv ]d™p: "\ΩpsS ]nXmhv hr≤-\m-bn-cn-°p∂p. `qan-bnse\S-∏-\p-k-cn®v \tΩmSv CW tNcm≥ `qan-bn¬ Hcp a\p-jy-\p-an√. hm,\ap°v ]nXm-hns\ ho™v IpSn-∏n°mw. ]nXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w ibn®v ]nXm-hn¬\n∂v k¥-Xn-Isf t\Smw!' A∂p cmXn Ah¿ ]nXm-hns\ ho™pIpSn-∏n®p. aqØ-]pXn AI-Øp-sN∂v ]nXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w ibn®p.Ahƒ Ft∏mƒ h∂p ibn-s®t∂m Ft∏mƒ Fgp-t∂‰p t]msbt∂mH∂pw Abmƒ Adn-™n√. ASpØ Znhkw aqØ aIƒ Cf-b-h-tfmSp]d™p: "C∂se Rm≥ \ΩpsS ]nXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w ibn®p. C∂pcmXnbpw \ap°v ]nXm-hns\ ho™v IpSn-∏n°mw. A\-¥cw \o AI-Øp-t]mbn ]nXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w ibn®v \ΩpsS ]nXm-hn-eqsS \ap°vk¥-Xn-Isf t\Sn-sb-Sp°mw.' A∂p -cm-Xnbpw Ah¿ ]nXm-hns\ho™v IpSn-∏n®p. Cf-b-]pXn Fgp-t∂‰p sN∂v Abm-fpsS IqsSibn®p. Ahƒ Ft∏mƒ h∂p ibn-®p-sht∂m Ft∏mƒ Fgp-t∂-‰p-t]m-sbt∂m H∂pw Abmƒ Adn-™n-√. Aßs\ temØns‚ c≠p]pXn-amcpw ]nXm-hn-\m¬ K¿ -h-Xn-I-fmbn. aqØ-hƒ Hcp ]pXs\ ]k-hn®p. Ah\v tamhm_v F∂p t]cn´p. Abm-fmWv Ct∂m-f-ap≈ tamhm-_n-b-cpsS ]nXmhv. Cf-b-hfpw Hcp ]pXs\ ]k-hn®p. Ah∂v s_≥-AΩo F∂v t]cn´p. Abm-fmWv Ct∂m-f-ap≈ AtΩ-\n-b-cpsS]nXmhv''(D¬]Øn 19: 30-˛38).

AXy¥w lo\hpw \oNhpw tæO-hp-amb hrØn-bn-te¿s∏-´-Xmbnss__nƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb temØpw Pohn-X-hn-ip-≤n°pw ssewKnIkZm-Nm-c-Øn\pw Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ \ne-sIm≠ ]cn-ip-≤n-bpsS]Xo-I-amb eqXzv \_nbpw Hcn-°epw ka-am-hp-I-bn√. Acm-P-I-hm-Zn-I-fmb Ima-sh-dn-b-∑m¿ sa\-™p-≠m-°nb I≈-°Y-Iƒ ]cn-ip-≤-cmb]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsSta¬ h®p-sI-´p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ss__nƒ. CØcwF√m-hn[ A]-`w-i-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Xo¿Øpw tamNn-X-amWv hnip-≤-Jp¿B-≥.

]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bYm¿Y Ah-Im-in-bm-bn-cp∂ Gim-hn¬\n∂vA∏hpw ]b¿]m-b-khpw \¬In AXp hmßp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ss__n-fns‚ `mj-bn¬ bmt°m_v: ""Hcn-°¬ bmt°m_v ]mbkw D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Gimhv shfn-bn¬\n∂v hni-∂p-h-e™p Ib-dn-h∂p. "B sNa∂ ]mb-k-Øn¬ Hcp `mKw F\n°v XcnI. Rm≥hni-∂p-h-e-bp∂p' F∂v Gimhv bmt°m-_n-t\mSv ]d™p. "BZyw\ns‚ P∑m-h-Imiw F\n°p hn¬°pI' F∂v bmt°m_v ]d™p.Gimhv adp-]Sn ]d™p: "acn-°m-dm-bn-cn-°p∂ F\n°v P∑m-h-ImiwsIm≠v F¥p ]tbm-P\w?' bmt°m_v ]d™p: "BZywXs∂ Ft∂mSv]Xn⁄ sNøpI.' Gimhv A]-Imcw ]Xn⁄ sNbvXp. P∑m-h-

123kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Imiw bmt°m-_n\p hn‰p. XpS¿∂v bmt°m_v Gim-hn\v A∏hpw]b¿]m-b-khpw sImSpØp.''(D¬]Øn 25: 29˛34).

kz¥w tPyjvT≥ hni-∂p-h-e-™-t∏mƒ AXns\ NqjWwsNbvXvAbm-fpsS P∑m-h-Imiw Xń-sb-SpØ Iqc-\mWv ss__n-fnsebmt°m_v. F∂m¬ Jp¿-B-\nse bA-vJq-_v\_n hnip-≤\pw £am-io-e\pw ]ca acym-Z-°m-c-\p-asX. ss__nƒ hnh-c-W-a-\p-k-cn®vbmt°m-_ns‚ ]nXmhv CkvlmJv I≈w ]d-™-h-\mWv. ""CkvlmJvKdm-dn¬ Xma-kn®p. Ahn-SsØ \nhm-kn-Iƒ Abm-fpsS `mcy-sb-∏‰nAt\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ Ahƒ Fs‚ ktlm-Z-cn-bmWv F∂v Abmƒ]d™p. ImcWw, Ahƒ Fs‚ mcy-bmWv F∂p ]d-bm≥ CkvlmJv`b-s∏´p. "dns_° kpµ-cn-bm-I-bm¬ Ahƒ°p th≠n ÿe-hm-knIƒFs∂ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn-tb°pw' F∂v Abmƒ Nn¥n®p''.(D¬]Øn 26:6˛7).

XnI™ h©-\bpw NXnbpw sNbvXmWv bmt°m_v ]nXm-hns‚A\p-K-lhpw ]m¿Y-\bpw kºm-Zn-®Xv. tPyjvT ktlm-Z-c≥ Gim-hns‚ Ah-Imiw A\ym-b-ambn Xń-sb-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Abmƒ(D¬]Øn 27: 1˛38).

ss__nƒ hnh-c-W-a-\p-k-cn®v bmt°m-_ns‚ `mcym-]n-Xmhv em-_m≥ sImSnb NXn-b\pw `mcy dmt^¬ hnK-lm-cm-[-I-bp-amWv(D¬]Øn 29: 25-˛30, 31: 17˛-23). ]hm-N-I-\mb bmt°m-_ns‚ ]pXnhy`n-N-cn-°-s∏-´-Xmbpw blqZm aIs‚ `mcysb hy`n-N-cn-®-Xmbpwss__nƒ ]d-bp∂p (D¬]Øn 38: 13˛-30).

ssZh-Zq-X-\mb ZmhoZv Xs‚ cmPysØ ]´m-f-°m-c-\mb Dudn-bm-bpsS `mcy _Xvti-_sb hy`n-N-cn-®-Xmbpw Ahsf `mcy-bm-°m-\mbnDudn-bsb bp≤-ap-∂-Wn-bn-te-°-b®v sIm√n-®-Xmbpw ss__nƒ ]d-bp∂p (imap-th¬ 11: 1˛1-6). ]hm-N-I-\mb tkmf-a≥ ssZhimk\[n°-cn®v hne-°-s∏- -hsc hnhmlw Ign-®-Xmbpw ss__n-fn¬ ImWmw(cmPm-°-∑m¿ 11: 1-˛14).

]q¿h-]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ]n¬°me injy-∑m¿ ]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en®v ss]im-NnI Zp¿t_m-[-\-ßƒ°v hiw-h-Z-cm-b-t∏mƒ kz¥w A[¿a-ßfpw kZm-Nmccmln-Xy-ßfpw ]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw Btcm-]n-°p-Ibpw AXv thZ-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn¬ Iqń-t®¿°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. Cßs\ ssII-S-Ø-s∏´ ]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fpsS A\p-I-c-W-amWv hnip≤ Jp¿-B-s\∂v AXns\ kw_-‘n® t\cnb Adn-sh-¶n-ep-ap≈ Bcpw Btcm-]n-°p-I-bn√. ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-sc-∏‰n ]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ I≈-°-Y-Iƒ XncpØn Ah-cpsS bYm¿Y Ahÿ A\m-h-cWw sNøp-I-bmWv Jp¿-B≥. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ss__n-ƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ ]ecpw NXn-b-∑mcpw sXΩm-Sn-IfpwsImSpw Ip‰-hm-fn-Ifpw Iqc-∑m-cp-am-sW-¶n¬, Jp¿-B-\n-e-h¿ F°m-eØpw Gh¿°pw amXrIm tbmKy-amb kZvKp-W-ß-fpsS DS-a-I-fmbalZv hy‡n-I-fmWv; a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS alm-∑m-cmb am¿K-Z¿i-Icpw.


Ccp-]-Xv

Jp¿-B≥ ssZhn-I-K-Ÿtam?

""Jp¿-B≥ ssZhn-I-K-Ÿ-am-sW-∂m-Wt√m apkvenw-Iƒ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-dp-≈Xv. AXv apl-Ω-Zns‚ cN-\-b-s√∂pw ssZhn-I-am-sW∂pwFß-s\-bmWv a\- n-em-hpI? F¥m-W-Xn\v sXfnhv?''

Jp¿-B≥ ssZhn-I-am-sW-∂-Xn\p sXfnhv B KŸw Xs∂-bmWv.apl-ΩZv \_n-bp-sSbpw At±-l-Øn-eqsS Ah-Xo¿W-amb Jp¿-B-s‚bpw hy‡-amb NnXhpw Ncn-Xhpw a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS apºn-ep≠v.\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ D≈pw ]pdhpw cl-kyhpw ]c-ky-hp-amb apgp-h≥ Imcy-ßfpw Hs∂m-gn-bmsX tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-´p≠v.B[p-\n-I-tem-IsØ alm-∑m-cpsS NcnXw t]mepw B hn[w hni-Z-ambpw kq£va-ambpw Ipdn-°-s∏-ń-ń-s√-∂-XmWv hkvXpX.

A⁄-Xm-‘-Im-c-Øn¬ B≠p-In-S-∂n-cp∂ Bdmw \q‰m-≠nseAtd-_y-bn-em-Wt√m apl-ΩZv P\n-®Xv. acp-`q-an-bpsS amdn¬ Xo¿ØpwA\m-Y-\m-bmWv At±lw hf¿∂p-h-∂Xv. sNdp-∏-Øn¬Xs∂ CS-b-hr-Øn-bn-te¿s∏´ apl-Ω-Zn\v Fgp-Xmt\m hmbn-°mt\m Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. ]mT-im-e-I-fn¬ t]mhp-Itbm aX-N¿®-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-ItbmsNbvXn-cp-∂n√. a° kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cp-sSbpw Ihn-I-fp-sSbpw ]kw-K-I-cp-sSbpw tIµ-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw \m¬]Xp hb- p-hsc At±lwHscm-‰- hcn Ihn-Xtbm KZytam ]Zytam cNn-®n-cp-∂n√. ]kw-K-]m-Shw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂n√. k¿K-kn-≤n-bpsS AS-bm-f-sam∂pw At±-l-Øn¬ Zriy-am-bn-cp-∂n√.

Bflo-b-X-tbmSv AXn-Xo-h-amb B`n-ap-Jy-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ apl-ΩZva°-bnse aen-\-amb A¥-co-£-Øn¬\n∂v amdn [ym\-Ønepw ]m¿Y-\-bnepw hym]r-X-\mbn. GIm-¥-hmkw Gsd CjvS-s∏´p. hnip≤IAv_-bn¬\n∂v aq∂p Intem-ao-‰¿ hS-°p≈ ae-ap-I-fnse lndm-Kp-l-bn¬ GIm-¥-hm-k-a-\p-jvTn-°sh apl-Ω-Zn\v BZy-ambn Znhy-k-tµiw e`n®p. XpS¿∂p≈ Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂p h¿j-ß-fn¬ hnhn[ kµ¿ -ß-fn-embn e`n® Znhy-t_m-[-\-ß-fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv hnip-≤- Jp¿-

125kvt\l-kw-hmZw

B≥. AXv km[m-cW A¿Y-Øn-ep≈ KZytam ]Zytam Ihn-XtbmA√. Xo¿Øpw khn-ti-j-amb ssien-bmWv Jp¿-B-t‚Xv. AXns\A\p-I-cn-°mt\m AXn-t\mSv a’-cn-°mt\m InS-]n-Sn-°mt\m Ct∂-hsc B¿°pw km[n-®n-ń√. temIm-h-km\w hsc B¿°pw km[n-°p-I-bp-an√.

A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ ssZhn-I-sa∂v Ah-Imi-s∏-Sp∂ H∂n-tesd KŸ-ßƒ temI-Øp-≠v. F∂m¬ kzbw ssZhn-I-sa∂v ]Jym-]n-°p∂Hscm‰ KŸta temI-Øp-≈q. Jp¿-B-\m-W-Xv. Jp¿-B≥ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v Ah-Xo¿W-am-b-Xm-sW∂v AXv At\Iw XhW Bh¿Øn-®m-h¿Øn®p ]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w AXn-em¿s°-¶nepw kwi-b-ap-s≠-¶n¬, 114 A[ym-b-ß-fp≈ Jp¿-B-\nse GsX-¶nepw Hc-[ym-b-Øn\v kam-\-amb Hc-[ym-b-sa-¶nepw sIm≠p-h-cm≥ AXv sh√p-hn-fn-°p-∂p. AXn\v temI-Øp≈ GXp kmln-Xy-Im-c-s‚bpw ]fin-X-s‚bpw _p≤n-Po-hn-bp-sSbpw klmbw tXSm-sa∂ Imcyw DW¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""\mw \ΩpsS Zmk∂v Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p≈ Cu KŸ-sØ-°p-dn-®v, AXp \Ωn¬ \n∂p≈Xp Xs∂tbmF∂p \nßƒ kwi-bn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXp-t]m-ep≈ Hc-≤ym-b-sa-¶nepw \nßƒ sIm≠p-h-cn-I. AXn∂v GI-\mb A√m-lp-hn-s\-Iq-Sm-sX, kIe Iq´m-fn-I-fp-sSbpw klmbw tXSn-s°m-≈p-I. \nßƒ kXy-hm-∑msc¶n¬ AXp sNbvXp-Im-Wn-°p-I.''(Jp¿-B≥ 2: 23)

]hm-N-I-Imew sXmń-t∂mfw \nc-h[n \q‰m≠p-I-fnse Ckvemwhna¿i-I-cmb FÆ-a‰ Ihn-Ifpw kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑mcpw Cu sh√p-hn-fnsb t\cn-Sm≥ ian-®n-´p-≠v. c≠n-sem-c-\p-`hta Ah¿s°m-s°bpwD≠m-bn-´p-≈q. alm-`q-cn-]-£hpw ]cm-Pbw kΩ-Xn®v Jp¿-Bs‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-ti-jn°p-∂-h¿ ]cm-Pn-X-cmbn]n∑m-dp-I-bpw. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ImesØ ]apJ kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂ e_oZpw l m\pw IA-v_p_v\p kpssl-dp-sa√mw Jp¿-Bs‚ apºn¬ \ncp-]m-[nIw Iog-S-ßn-b-h-cn¬ s]Sp∂p.

ba-\n¬\n-s∂-Ønb Xzpss^-ens\ Jp¿-B≥ tIƒ°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Jpssd-in-Iƒ hne°n. GtXm A¥x-]-tNm-Z-\-Øm¬ AXptIƒ°m-\n-S-bmb ]apJ Ihnbpw Kmb-I-\p-amb At±lw ]d-™-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: ""ssZh-amW! Ah≥ k¿h-i-‡\pw k¿h-⁄-\p-at√m.Rm\n-t∏mƒ ihn-®Xv Ad_n kmln-Xy-Ønse AXp-ey-amb hmIy-ß-fsX. \n w-ibw, Ah AXyp¬IrjvSw Xs∂. at‰-Xn-s\-°mfpw]cn-ip-≤hpw. Ah FX Bib kºpjvSw! A¿Y-]q¿Ww! F¥p-ta¬at\m-lcw! Gsd BI¿j-Ihpw! CXp-t]m-ep≈ H∂pw Rm\n-Xp-hsctIń-ń√. A√m-lp-hmW! CXv a\p-jy-h-N-\-a√. kzbwIrX-hp-a√.ssZhnIw Xs∂, Xo¿®. \n w-ibw ssZhn-I-hm-Iy-ß-fm-Wnh.''

apKo-d-bpsS aI≥ heoZv Ckvem-an-s‚bpw ]hm-N-I-s‚bpw ISpØFXn-cm-fn-bm-bn-cp∂p. Jp¿-B≥ HmXn-t°ƒ°m-\n-S-bmb Abmƒ Xs‚A`n-]mbw Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-SpØn: ""CXn¬ Fs¥-∂n-√mØ am[p-cy-


ap≠v. ]pXp-a-bp≠v. AXy¥w ê-k-ar-≤-am-WnXv. \n›-b-ambpw CXvAXyp-∂Xn ]m]n°pw. as‰m∂pw CXns\ Iogvs]-Sp-Øp-I-bn√. CXn\pXmsg-bp-≈-Xns\ CXv XI¿Øv Xcn-∏-W-am°pw. Hcn-°epw Hcp a\p-jy-\n-ßs\ ]d-bpI km[y-a√.''

hnh-c-a-dn™ ]hm-N-Is‚ ][m\ ]Xn-tbmKn A_q-Plv¬ heo-Zns\ kao-]n®v Jp¿-Bs\ kw_-‘n®v aXn∏v Ipd-bv°p∂ Fs¥-¶nepw ]d-bm-\m-h-iy-s∏´p. \n -lm-b-\mb heoZv tNmZn®p: ""Rms\¥p]d-bs´; Km\w, ]Zyw, IhnX, KZyw XpSßn Ad_n kmln-Xy-Øns‚GXp imJ-bnepw F\n°p \nß-sf-°m-tfsd ]cn-⁄m-\-ap≠v. A√m-lp-hmW! Cu a\p-jy≥ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°v Ah-tbm-sSm∂pw kmZr-iy-an√. A√mlp km£n! B kwkm-c-Øn¬ Akm-[m-cW am[p-cyhpwkhn-tij kuµ-cy-hp-ap≠v. AXns‚ imJ-Iƒ ê-k-ar-≤hpw Xfn-cp-Iƒ iyma-kp-µ-c-hp-amWv. Dd-∏mbpw AXv at‰Xp hmIy-tØ-°mfpwD¬Ir-jvS-amWv. CXc hmIy-ßƒ k¿hhpw AXn\p Xmsgbpw.''

CXv A_q-P-lvens\ AXy-[nIw Akz-ÿ-\m°n. Abmƒ ]d™p:""Xm¶ƒ Bcm-sW-∂-dn-bmtam? Ad-_n-I-fpsS AXyp-∂-X-\mb t\Xm-hmWv. bph-k-aq-l-Øns‚ Bcm-[y-\mWv; F∂n´pw Xm¶ƒ Hc-\m-Y-s®-°s\ ]n≥]-‰p-Itbm? Ahs‚ `m¥≥ P¬]-\-ßsf ]mSn-∏p-I-gvØp-Itbm? Xm¶-sf-t∏m-ep≈ alm-∑m¿°Xv Ipd-®n-emWv. AXn-\m¬apl-Ω-Zns\ ]pOn®p X≈pI.''

A_q-P-lvens‚ e£yw ]ng-®n√. Al-¥-°-Sn-s∏´ heoZv ]d™p:""apl-ΩZv Hcp Pme-hn-Zy-°m-c-\mWv. ktlm-Z-c-ßsf XΩn¬ X√n-°p∂p.`mcym`¿Xr-_‘w apdn®pIf-bp∂p. IpSpw-_- -ZX XI¿°p∂p. \mń¬Ipg-∏-ßƒ krjvSn-°p∂ Hcp Pme-hn-Zy-°m-c≥ amX-amWv apl-ΩZv.''

FX ian-®n´pw heo-Zn-s\-t∏m-ep≈ ]K-¤-\mb kmln-Xy-Im-c\vJp¿-B-s∂-Xnsc Hc-£cw ]d-bm≥ km[n-®n-s√-∂Xv it≤-b-asX.

\m¬]Xp hb- p-hsc \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Pohn-X-Øn-sem-scm‰ Ifhpw]d-™n- n√. AXn-\m¬ At±lw A¬-A-ao≥ (hniz-kvX≥) F∂ t]cn-em-W-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂Xv. AØ-c-samcp hy‡n ssZh-Øns‚ t]cn¬ s]cp-¶≈w ]d-bp-sa∂v k¶¬]n-°pI t]mepw km[y-a√. amX-a√; AXyp¬-Ir-jvS-amb Hcp KŸw kzbw cNn-°p∂ Bsc-¶nepw AXv Xt‚-X-s√-∂pw X\n-°-Xn¬ Hcp ]¶p-an-s√∂pw ]d-bp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°m-h-X√.AYhm ]hm-N-I≥ Jp¿-B≥ kz¥w krjvSn-bm-sW∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-ń-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Atd-_y≥ P\X At±-lsØ AXy-[nIw BZ-cn-°p-am-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®Xv sImSnb ]oU-\-ß-fmW-t√m.

temIØv AkwJyw KŸ-ßƒ cNn-°-s∏-ń-´p≠v. Ah-bn¬ Gsdit≤-b-am-bh Ncn-X-Øn¬ Nne am‰-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw hnπ-h-ßƒ°v \nan-Ø-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. F∂m¬ hnip≤ Jp¿-B-s\-t∏mse, Hcp P\-X-bpsS Pohn-XsØ ka-K-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX as‰mcp KŸhpw temI-Øn√. hnizm-

127kvt\l-kw-hmZw

kw, Pohn-X-ho-£Ww, Bcm-[\, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ, hy‡n-Po-hnXw, IpSpw-_-cwKw, kmaq-lnI taJe, kmº-ØnI hyhÿ,kmwkvIm-cnI afiew, cmjvSob LS\, `c-W-k-º-Zmbw, kz`m-h-coXn, s]cp-am-‰-Iaw XpSßn hy‡n-bp-sSbpw IpSpw-_-Øn-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw cmjvS-Øn-s‚bpw temI-Øn-s‚bpw F√m Ah-ÿ-I-sfbpw hyhÿ-I-sfbpw hnip-≤ -Jp¿-B≥ ASn-apSn am‰nadn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. \nc-£-c-\mb Hcmƒ Cu hn[w ka-K-amb Hcp alm-hn-πhwkrjvSn® KŸw cNn-°p-sa∂v k¶¬]n-°m-\m-hn√. iXp-°-sf-t∏mepwhnkva-b-I-c-amb hiy-i-‡n-bm¬ Iogvs]-SpØn anX-am°n am‰n, AhscXo¿Øpw ]pXnb a\p-jy-cm°n ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n® KŸ-amWv Jp¿-B≥.c≠mw Jeo^ Da-dp¬ ^mdqJv Cu KW-Ønse Gsd it≤-b-\mbhy‡n-bsX. C∂pw Jp¿-B≥ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°m≥ k∂-≤-cm-hp-∂-h¿ A\m-bmkw AXns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn amdp∂p.

Jp¿-B≥ am\-h-k-aq-l-Øns‚ apºn¬ kºq¿W-am-sbmcp PohnXhyhÿ ka¿∏n-°p∂p. a\pjy a\- p-Iƒ°v kam-[m\w kΩm-\n-°p-Ibpw hy‡n-Po-hn-XsØ hnip-≤hpw IpSpw-_-hy-h-ÿsb sskzc-ap-≈Xpw kaq-l-L-S-\sb Btcm-Ky-I-chpw cmjvSsØ Zhpw temI-sØ ]im-¥-hp-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ka-K-amb ]Xy-b-im-kvX-am-WXv. Imem-Xo-Xhpw tZim-Xo-Xhpw \nXy-\q-X-\-hp-amb CØ-c-samcpPohn-X-]-≤Xn Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp KŸhpw temIØv thsd-bn√.temI-Ønse tImSn-°-W-°n\v IrXn-I-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw Jp¿-B-\n-s\-t∏mse ka-K-amb Hcp Pohn-X-Iaw ka¿∏n-°p-∂n-√. \nc-£-c-\mbHcmƒ°v Cu hn-[-sam∂v cNn-°m-\m-hp-sa∂v, t_m[-ap≈ Bcpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-I-bn√.

a\p-jy-Nn-¥sb Pzen-∏n®v hnNm-c-hn-Im-c-ß-fnepw hnizm-k-ho-£-W-ß-fnepw hºn® hnπhw krjvSn® hnip-≤ -Jp¿-B≥ Ncn-X-Øn¬ Xpey-X-bn-√mØ, F°m-eØpw GXp \m´p-Im¿°pw amXr-Im-tbm-Ky-amb kaq-lsØ hm¿sØ-SpØv ]pXn-sbmcp kwkvIm-c-Øn\pw\mK-cn-I-Xbv°pw P∑w \¬In. \q‰n-∏-Xn-\mev A[ym-b-ß-fn¬, Bdm-bn-c-Øn-tesd kq‡ß-fn¬, F¨]Ømdm-bn-c-Øn-tesd hm°p-I-fn¬,aq∂p e£Øn Ccp -] -Øn\mem -bn -c -tØmfw A£-c -ß-fn¬hym]n®pInS-°p∂ Jp¿-Bs‚ ][m\ \ntbmKw am\-h-k-aq-l-Øns‚am¿K-Z¿i-\-amWv. ap∏Xp `mK-ambpw A™q-‰n-\m¬]Xv Jfin-I-I-fmbpw hn`-Pn-°-s∏´ Cu KŸ-Øns‚ ][m-\-]-tabw a\p-jy-\mWv.F¶nepw Ahs‚ am¿K-kn-≤n°v klm-b-I-amw-hn[w Nn¥sb DtØ-Pn-∏n-°m\pw Imcy-ßƒ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw hn⁄m\w hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw Bh-iy-amb Ncn-Xhpw ]h-N-\-ßfpw imkvX-kq-N-\-I-fp-sa√mw AXn-ep≠v. Cu cwK-sØ√mw A°m-esØ P\-Xbv°v Xo¿ØpwA⁄m-X-am-bn-cp∂ Imcy-ßƒ hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥ A\m-h-cWw sNøp-I-bp-≠mbn. Nne-Xp-am-X-an-hnsS tN¿°p∂p.


1. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ Nn¥n-°p-∂nt√? D]-cn-tem-I-ßfpw qanbpw Hń-t®¿∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p. ]n∂oSv \ma-hsb th¿s∏-SpØn.''(21: 30)

Cu kXyw imkvXw Is≠-Øn-bXv Jp¿-B≥ Ah-Xo¿W-ambnAt\I \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]n∂n´ tij-am-sW-∂Xv kphn-Zn-X-asX.

2. ""Poh-\p-≈-Xn-s\-sb√mw Pe-Øn¬\n-∂mWv \mw krjvSn-®Xv''(21: 30). Cu hkvXpX imkvX-⁄-∑m¿ Is≠-Øn-bXv kao-]-Im-e-Øp- am-X-amWv.

3. ""AXn-\p-]p-dsa Ah≥ D]-cn-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw kwhn-[m\w \n¿h-ln®p. AXv [qfn(s\_pe)bmbn-cp∂p'' (41: 11). Cu krjvSn-c-lkywimkvXw A\m-h-cWwsNbvXXv ASp-Ø- Im-e-ØmWv.

4. ""kqcy≥ AXns‚ \n¿WnX tIµ-Øn¬ k©-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. AXv ]Xm-]-im-enbpw k¿h-⁄-\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ Iao-I-c-W-asX.''(36: 38)

tIm∏¿ \n°-kn-s\-t∏m-ep≈ ]ap-J-cmb imkvX-⁄¿ t]mepwkqcy≥ \n›-e-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p. ASpØ Imewhscbpw kqcy≥ Nen-°p-∂p-sh∂ kXyw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ ùXnIimkvX-⁄-∑m¿ k∂-≤-cm-bn-cp-∂n√. F¶nepw Ah-km\w Jp¿-Bs‚]kvXmhw kXy-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°m-\-h¿ \n¿_-‘n-X-cmbn.

5. ""D]-cn-tem-IsØ \mw kpc-£n-X-amb ta¬]p-c-bm°n. F∂n´pwAh¿ \ΩpsS ]m]-©nI ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ i≤n-°p-t∂-bn√.''(21: 32)

ASp-Ø- Imew hscbpw Jp¿-Bs‚ hna¿i-I¿ Cu hmIy-Øns‚t]cn¬ ]cn-lmkw DXn¿°pI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ Gsd amc-I-amb tImkvanIv civan-I-fn¬\n∂v `qan-sbbpw AXnse P¥p-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw a\p-jy-scbpw ImØp-c-£n-°p∂ Hmtkm¨ ]mfn-I-sf-°p-dn®Adnhv C∂v km¿h-Xn-I-amWv. A¥-co-£-Øns‚ Cu ta¬∏p-c-bmWvD¬°-Iƒ qan-bn¬ ]Xn®v hn]-Øp-Iƒ hcp-Øp-∂Xv XS-bp-∂Xv. Imem-h-ÿsb \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xnepw AXn\v A\¬]-amb ]¶p≠v. aen-\o-I-cWw ImcWw AXn\v t]md¬ ]‰ptam F∂ Bi¶ ]cn-ÿnXnimkvX-⁄-∑m¿ \nc-¥cw ]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p. Pohn-X-an-hnsS km[y-am-h-W-sa-¶n¬ Jp¿-B≥ ]d™ kpc-£n-X-ambta¬∏pc A\n-hm-cy-asX. izk-\-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb hmbp-hns‚ afi-esØ `Z-ambn \ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xpw Cu ta¬∏p-c-Xs∂.

6. ""\mw `qansb sXmńepw ]¿h-X-ßsf BWn-I-fp-am-°n-bn-t√?''(78:7). ""`qan-bn¬ \mw Dd® ]¿h-X-ß-fp-≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p, `qan Ah-sc-bp-ambn sX∂n-t∏m-hm-Xn-cn-°m≥. `qan-bn¬ \mw hnim-e-amb hgn-I-fp-≠m°n, P\w Xß-fpsS am¿K-a-dn-bm≥''(21:31).

`qan-bpsS k¥p-en-X-Xz-Øn¬ ]¿h-X-ßƒ hln-°p∂ ]¶v ASp-Ø-Imew hscbpw A⁄m-X-am-bn-cp∂p. F∂m-en∂v `qI-º-ßƒ XS-bp-∂-Xnepw `qtKm-f-Øns‚ B¥-cn-Ihpw _mly-hp-amb LS\ kwc-

129kvt\l-kw-hmZw

£n-°p-∂-Xnepw Ah-bpsS ]¶v ]apJ `qK¿`-im-kvX-⁄-∑m-sc√mwDu∂n-∏-d-™n-´p≠v.

7. ""\n›bw, \mw D]-cn-tem-IsØ hnI-kn-∏n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p''(51: 47). ]]-©-L-S-\sb kw_-‘n® ]mY-anI ⁄m\-ap-≈-h-cn-se√mw HSp-ßmØ hnkvabw krjvSn-°m≥ Jp¿-Bs‚ Cu ]kvXm-hw ]cym-]vX-asX.

8. tlmf-≠p-Im-c-\mb kzma¿Umw F∂ P¥p-im-kvX-⁄≥ tX\o-®-I-fn¬ IqSv D≠m-°p-Ibpw tX≥ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xvs]¨h¿K-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-®Xv 1876˛-¬ amX-amWv. F∂m¬ Cuc≠pw tX\o-®-I-fnse kvXoI-fmWv sNøp-I-sb∂v ]Xn-\mep \q‰m-≠v apºp Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥ AXns\ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ hmIy-ß-fnsekvXoenwK ]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS ÿm]n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. (16: 68, 69)

9. temI-Ønse Adp-\q-dp -tImSn a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw ssIhn-c-e-S-bmfw600 tImSn cq]-Øn-emWv. krjvSn-bnse alm-hn-kva-b-ß-fn-sem-∂m-WnXv.F∂m¬ hnc¬Øpºnse Cu alm-¤pXw a\p-jy≥ Xncn-®-dn-™Xvkao-]-Im-e-ØmWv. F¶nepw hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥ ]Xn-\mep \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°-∏pdw Cu alm-hn-kva-b-Øn-te°v i≤ £Wn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.""a\p-jy≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂pthm, \ap-°-hs‚ F√p-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°m-\m-hn-s√∂v? \ma-hs‚ hnc¬s°m-Sn-Iƒt]mepw IrXy-ambn \n¿an-°m≥Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-bn-cns° F¥p-sIm-≠n√?''(75: 3,4)

10. kqcy≥ hnf-°p-t]mse kzbw ]Im-in-°p-∂Xpw Nµ≥ kqcy-In-cWw Xń ]Imiw ]Xn-_nw-_n-°p-∂-Xp-am-sW∂v temIw a\- n-em-°n-bXv ASpØ Ime-ØmWv. Jp¿-B≥ C°mcyw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambnkqNn-∏n-®n-´p≠v. ""D]-cn-tem-IØv tIm´-I-fp-≠m-°p-Ibpw AXn-semcpZo]hpw ]Im-in-°p∂ Nµ\pw ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\mtcmAh≥ al-Ømb A\p-K-l-ap-S-b-h-\sX''(25:61).

Cu Zo]w kqcy-\m-sW∂v Jp¿-B≥ Xs∂ hy‡-am-°p-∂p: ""Ah≥]Im-i-ambn Nµ-s\bpw hnf-°mbn kqcy-s\bpw \n›-bn-®p.''(71: 16)

11. a\p-jy-P-∑-Øn¬ ]pcp-j-_o-P-Øn\v amX-amWv ]s¶-∂m-bn-cp∂p]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ [mcW. kvXobpsS K¿`m-ibw Ip™p hf-cm-\p≈ CSw amX-am-bmWv KWn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂Xv.kvXobpsS Afi-Øns‚ ]¶v Xncn-®-dn-™Xv AXn-\p-tijw amX-amWv. Jp¿-B≥ P∑-Ønse kvXo˛]pcpj ]¶ns\ hy‡-ambn Du∂n-∏-d-™n- p≠v: ""a\p-jytc, \n›-b-ambpw \mw \nßsf Hcm-Wn¬\n∂pws]Æn¬\n∂pw krjvSn-®n-cn-°p∂p''(49:13). ""IqSn-t®¿∂p-≠m-hp∂ Hcp_oP-Øn¬\n∂v \mw \n›-b-ambpw a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p∂p''(76: 2).

12. Ip™ns‚ enwK-\n¿Wbw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xv ]pcp-j-_o-P-am-sW∂v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°n-sb-¶nepw imkvX-tem-I-anXv Xncn-®-dn-™Xv hfsc sshIn-bmWv. ""khn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp _oP-Øn¬\n∂v


B¨˛s]¨ CW-Isf krjvSn-®Xpw Ah-\mWv ''(53: 45, 46).Hcp Xp≈n Cµn-b-Øn¬ AkwJyw _oP-ß-fp-≠m-hp-sa-¶nepw Ah-

bn-sem∂p amX-amWv P\-\-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂-sX∂ Imcyhpw Jp¿-B-\n-hnsS hy‡-am-°p∂p. P\n-X-I-imkvXw Is≠-Ønb \nc-h[nhkvXp-X-Iƒ hnip≤ thZ-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏- -Xmbn ImWmw.AXv khn-kvX-c-amb ]T\-a¿ln-°p-∂-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬ ChnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂n√.

13. ""c≠v kap-Z-ßsf Iqń-t®¿ØXpw Ah≥Xs∂. H∂v cpNn-I-c-amb sXfn-\o¿. at‰Xv Nh¿∏p‰ D∏p-\ocpw. c≠n-\p-an-S-bn¬ Hcp ad-bp≠v. Ah IqSn-°-e-cp-∂-Xns\ hne-°p∂ Hcp XS w''(25:53).

]Xn-\mdmw \q‰m-≠n¬ Xp¿°n Aao-dp¬ _lvdv kønZv AendCukv cNn® an¿-B-Øp¬ aam-enIv F∂ KŸ-Øn¬, t]¿jy≥Kƒ^ns‚ ASn-Ø-ń¬ CØcw Pem-i-b-ß-fp-≈-Xmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v. F¶nepw AXv Is≠-Øn-b-Xn\p sXfn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ _lvssd≥ Xoc-Øp-\n∂v aq∂c Intem-ao-‰¿ Zqsct]¿jy≥ Kƒ^n¬ DΩp-kp-hm-en-bn¬ hºn® ip≤-P-e-ti-Jcw D∏p-sh-≈-Øn¬ Ie-cmsX Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p. Aßs\ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°-∏pdw Jp¿-B≥ Adn-bn® Imcyw Is≠-Øm≥ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn\vkm[n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.

14. \qlv\-_n-bpsS I∏¬ PqZn ]¿h-X-Øn-emWv sN∂p-X-ßn-b-sX∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p (11:44). Charles Berlits t\ml-bpsS \jvS-s∏´t]SIw (The Lost Ship of Noah) F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ 1883˛-¬ Ing-°≥Xp¿°n-bnse Adm-dØv ]¿h-X-\n-c-I-fnse PqZn-a-e-bn¬ 450 ASn\ofhpw 150 ASn hoXnbpw 50 ASn Db-c-hp-ap≈ I∏¬ Is≠-Øn-b-Xmbn hy‡-am-°n-bn- p≠v. ]cy-th-£Wthf-bn¬ Is≠-Sp-°-s∏´ CuI∏¬ t\mlm ]hm-N-I-t‚-Xm-sW∂v C∂v AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p.

\nc-£-c-\mb Hcmƒs°-∂√, Bdmw \q‰m-≠n¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ F√m hn⁄m-\-ßfpw B¿Pn® alm-]-fin-X-\p-t]mepw CØcwImcy-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥ Bhn-s√∂v kXy-k-‘-X-bpsS t\cnb Awi-ap≈ Ghcpw AwKo-I-cn°pw. ssZhn-I-sa∂v kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏´ HcpKŸw As∂-∂√, XpS¿∂p≈ \nc-h[n \q‰m-≠p-I-fnepw apgp temI-Øn\pw A⁄m-X-am-bn-cp∂ CØcw Imcy-ßƒ Xpd-∂p-]-Jym-]n-°p-hm≥ ss[cywImWn-°p-Ibpw Hs∂m-gn-bmsX Ah-sbm-s°bpw kXy-am-sW∂v ÿm]n-X-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥ ssZhn-I-K-Ÿ-am-sW-∂-Xn\v A\n-tj-[y-amb sXfn-hmWv. kzbw ssZhn-I-sa∂vAh-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp KŸw imkvX-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ A\m-h-cWwsNøm≥ ss[cy-s∏-´p-sh-∂Xpw ]n¬°m-esØ a\p-jy[n-j-W-bpsSIs≠-Ø-ep-I-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw Ahbv°v hncp-≤-am-bn-s√-∂Xpw Btem-Nn-°p∂ Bscbpw hnkva-b-`-cn-X-cm-°m-Xn-cn-°n-√.

a\\w sNøp-I-hgn Z¿i-\-ßƒ Dcp-Øn-cn™p ht∂-°mw. imkvX-

131kvt\l-kw-hmZw

k-Xy-ßƒ Is≠-Øm\pw Ign-t™-°mw. F∂m¬ Ncn-X-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ tIhe Nn¥-bn-eqsS Dcp-Øn-cn-s®-Sp-°pI km[y-a-√. \nc-£-c-\mb \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bn-eqsS Ah-Xo¿W-amb Jp¿-B≥ KX-Ime kaq-l-ß-fpsS Ncn-Xw hni-Z-ambn hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p. Ah-bn-sem-∂p-t]mepw hkv-Xp-\n-jvT-a-s√∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ Ckvem-ans‚ hna¿i-I¿°vCt∂mfw km[n-®n-ń-√. F∂√; Ah-sbms° Xo¿Øpw kXy-\n-jvT-am-sW∂v e`y-amb tcJ-Ifpw ]am-W-ßfpw sXfn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

ssZhnI KŸ-sa∂v kzbw ]Jym-]n-°p∂ Jp¿-B≥ `mhnsbkw_-‘n®v \nc-h[n ]h-N-\-ßƒ \S-Øm≥ ss[cy-s∏-´p-sh-∂XpwAh-sbm-s°bpw kXy-ambn ]pe¿∂p-sh-∂Xpw AXns‚ Aam-\p-jn-I-X°v aXn-bmb sXfn-hm-Wv.

tSmƒtÃm-bn, hnIvS¿ bqtKm, amIvknw tKm¿°n, tjbvIvkv]nb¿,tKmbvsY, sj√n, an¬´≥ XpS-ßn Imew \nc-h[n kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑mscImWp-Ibpw, Ah-cpsS cN-\-I-fp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ \qdv h¿jw ]n∂n-Sp-tºm-tg°pw temI-Ønse GXvalZvK-Ÿ-Øn-sebpw ]e ]Z-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw ]tbm-K-ßfpw Ime-l-c-W-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]tbm-K-Øn-en-√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

tbip-hns‚ `mj-bmb Acm-an-°n¬ temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw C∂vss__n-fn-√. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ cNn-°-s∏´ `mj-bnepw ssien-bnepwAh \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-an-√. D≈h hnh¿Ø-\-ß-fm-b-Xn-\m¬ Ah-bpsS`mjbpw ssienbpw \nc-¥cw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C¥y-bnse thZ-`m-jbpw C∂v Poh¬`m-jtbm ]tbm-K-Øn-ep-≈tXm A√.

F∂m¬ ]Xn-\mep \q‰m≠p ]n∂n-´-ti-jhpw Jp¿-Bs‚ mjbpwssienbpw ]tbm-K-ßfpw C∂pw Ad-_n-bnse G‰w anI-®-hbpw AXp-eyhpw A\-\p-I-c-Wo-b-hp-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. Ad_n `mj Adn-bp∂ Bscbpw AXv AXy-[nIw BI¿jn-°p-∂p. B¿°pw AXns‚Bibw A\m-bmkw a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C∆n[w\nXy-\q-X-\amb Hcp KŸhpw temIØv Fhn-sSbpw Hcp `mj-bnepwIs≠-Øm-\m-hn-√.

F∂m¬ CØcw GsXmcp hnh-c-W-tØ-°m-fp-tasd Jp¿-Bs‚ssZhn-IX t_m[y-am-hm≥ klm-b-I-am-hpI AXns‚ ]T-\hpw ]mcm-b-W-hp-asX.

""Jp¿-B≥ ssZhn-I-sa-∂-Xn\v Xm¶-fp≤cn® apgp-h≥ sXfn-hp-IfpwJp¿-B-\n¬\n-∂p-≈-h-bm-W-t√m. CsX-ß-s\-bmWv kzoIm-cy-am-hpI?''

kz¿W-hf kz¿W-\n¿an-X-am-sW-∂-Xn\p sXfnhp B hf-X-s∂-bm-Wv. amhv amhm-sW-∂-Xn\p sXfnhp B hr£w Xs∂-bm-W-t√m."bp≤hpw kam-[m-\hpw' tSmƒtÃm-bn-bp-tS-Xm-sW-∂-Xn∂pw "hniz-N-cn-Xm-h-temIw' s\lvdp-hn-s‚-Xm-sW-∂-Xn∂pw ]kvXpX KŸ-ß-fmWvG‰hpw ]_-ehpw kzoIm-cy-hp-amb sXfn-hv. A∆n[w Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥ssZhn-I-am-sW-∂-Xn∂v G‰w i‡hpw A\n-tj-[y-hp-amb sXfnhv BKŸw Xs∂-bm-Wv.


Ccp-]sØm∂v

Ckvemapw ]cn-Wm-a-kn-≤m-¥hpw

""imkvX-hn-cp-≤-ambn H∂pw Ckvem-an-en-s√-∂m-Wt√m ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. F¶n¬ Ckvemw ]cn-Wm-a-kn-≤m-¥sØ AwKo-I-cn -°p-∂pt≠m?''

Jfin-X-ambn sXfn-bn-°-s∏´ imkvX kXy-ßƒ°v hncp-≤-am-b-sXm∂pw Ckvem-an-en-s√-∂Xv Xo¿Øpw icn-bmWv. F∂m¬, imkvX-\n-K-a-\-ßƒt°m Ncn-X-]-c-amb A\p-am-\-ß-ƒt°m CXp _m[-I-a√.]cn-Wm-a-hmZw imkvXo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-°-s∏´ H∂√. Ncn-X-]-c-ambHc-\p-am\w amX-amWv.

]cn-Wmaw c≠n-\-am-sW∂v Poh-im-kvX-⁄¿ ]d-bp∂p. kq£va-]-cn-Wm-ahpw ÿqe-]-cn-Wm-ahpw. kv]ojy-kn-\-IØp \S-°p∂ \n m-c- am-‰-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bmWv kq£va-]-cn-Wm-a-sa∂p ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv. a\p-jy-cn¬ \o≠-hcpw Ipdn-b-hcpw shfp-Ø-hcpw Idp-Ø-hcpw BWpw s]-Æpw ]Xn-`m-im-en-Ifpw aµ-_p-≤n-I-fp-sa-√m-ap-≠t√m. Htc IpSpw-_-Øn¬ Htc amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS a°-fn¬t]mepw Cu sshhn[yw Zriy-amWv. CØcw am‰-ß-sf-°p-dn-°p∂ kq£va-]-cn-Wm-asØ CkvemwFXn¿°p-∂n√. F∂m¬ Hcp Pohn as‰m-∂mbn amdp∂ AYhm Hcpkv]ojykv as‰m-∂mbn amdp-∂p-sh∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ ÿqe-]-cn-Wm-asØ kw_-‘n-®mWv hyXy-kvX-amb ho£-W-ap-≈Xv. AXn-sem´pw Akmw-K-Xy-hp-an√. ImcWw ÿqe-]-cn-Wm-a-Øn\v imkvX-Øntem Ncn-X-Øntem Hcp sXfn-hp-an√. tIc-f-Ønse ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-I-fpsS ap∂-Wn-t∏m-cm-fn-bmb tUm. Ip™pÆn h¿a-Xs∂ C°mcywXpd∂pkΩ-Xn-®n-´p≠v. ""]co-£-Wm-fl-I-amb sXfn-hp-I-fn-s√∂v ]d-™Xv ÿqe-]-cn-Wm-a-sØ-°p-dn®p amX-amWv. AtX-k-abw, ]co-£-W-hm-Z-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn-´p≈ an° XØz-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw kq£va-amb ]cn-Wm-a-am-‰-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ]co-£-W-ßƒ \SØn Bin® ê-ßƒkºm-Zn-°p-hm≥ imkvX-⁄-∑m¿°p Ign-™n- p≠v''(D≤-cWw: krjvSn-hm-Zhpw ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Ifpw, ]pdw 33).

133kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-hmbn hmgvØ-s∏-Sp∂ NmƒkvUm¿hn≥ t]mepw AXns\ A\n-tj-[y-amb Hcp kn≤m-¥-ambn Xd-∏n®p ]d-™n-ń√. At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p: ""hntijcq]-ß-fpsS hyXn-cn-‡-Xbpw Ah At\Iw ]cn-h¿Ø-\-I-Æn-I-fm¬ tN¿°-s∏-ń-ń√F∂Xpw hfsc hy‡-amb ]iv\-amWv...''

""Fs‚ kn≤m-¥-]-Imcw kneq-dn-b≥ L -Øn\p apºv Xo¿®-bmbpwFhn-sS-sb-¶nepw ASn-™p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°m-hp∂ hn]p-e-amb t^mkn¬]m-fn-I-fpsS A`mhw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xn-ep≈ ]bmkw hfsc hep-XmWv.CXp hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\m-hmsX XpScpw. Rm\n-hnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n® ho£-W-ß-tfm-Sp≈, km[p-X-bp≈ FXn¿hm-Z-ambn \ymb-ambpw CXp-∂-bn-°-s∏-t´°mw.''(Hdn-Pn≥ Hm^v kv]ojykv, t]Pv 314. D≤-cWw, Um¿hn-\nkw: ]Xo-£bpw ]Xn-k-‘nbpw, ]pdw 23).

""Um¿hn≥ IrXn-bnse HºXmw A[ym-b-Øns‚ Xe-s°´v "`q-imkvX tcJ-bpsS A]q¿W-X-sb-∏‰n' F∂mWv. t^mkn¬ irwJ-e-bnse hnS-hp-I-sf-∏‰n Um¿hn≥ \¬Ip∂ hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-fmWv A-Xns‚ D≈-S°w. At±lw FgpXn: "hnti-j-cq-]-ß-fpsS hyXn-cn-‡-X-bpw Ah At\Iw ]cn-h¿Ø-\-I-Æn-I-fm¬ tN¿°-s∏-ń-ń√ F-∂Xpwhfsc hy‡-amb ]iv\-amWv'' (Hdn-Pn≥ Hm^v kv]ojykv, t]-Pv 291.D≤-cWw, Um¿hn-\nkw: ]Xo-£bpw ]Xn-k-‘nbpw, ]pdw 30).

""Htc Kq∏nse hnhn[ kv]ojy-kp-Iƒ ]g-°-ta-dnb ]mentbmtkmbnIv I¬]-Øns‚ BZy-L- -amb kneq-dn-b≥ ]mfn-I-fn¬ s]s´∂v]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn A°m-esØ DXvJ-\-\-ßƒ sXfn-bn-®n-cp∂p.kneq-dn-b\v sXm´p-ap-ºp≈ ItÃ-jy≥ ]mfn-bn¬ Ch-bpsS ap≥Km-an-Isf ImtW-≠n-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, e`y-am-bn√. CXp Kpcp-X-c-amb ]iv\-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-®p-sIm≠v Um¿hn≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: "Cu hnkvXr-X-amb]mKvL- -ß-fpsS tcJ-Iƒ F¥p-sIm≠p ImWp-∂n-s√∂ tNmZy-Øn\vkwXr-]vX-amb DØcw \¬Im≥ F\n°p Ign-bn√''(Hdn-Pn≥ Hm^vkv]ojykv, t]Pv, 313. D≤-cWw, Um¿hn-\nkw: ]Xo-£bpw ]Xn-k-‘nbpw, ]pdw 30).

Nmƒkv Um¿hn\p tijw ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z-Øn\v Dt]m-Zv_-e-I-ambsXfn-hp-I-sfm∂pw e`n-®n-ń-s√-∂Xv ]tXyIw ]kvXm-hy-amWv. Nn°m-tKm k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse `qK¿` imkvX-h-Ip-∏ns‚ sNb¿am≥tUhnUv Fw. dq∏v Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Xs‚ kn≤m-¥hpw t^mkn¬ sXfn-hp-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sn\v kmam\y ]cn-lm-c-ambn t^mkn¬tcJ hfsc A]q¿h-am-sW-∂mWv Um¿hn≥ ]d-™Xv. Um¿hn-\p-tijw \q‰ncp-]Xv h¿jw Ign-™n-cn-°p∂p. t^mkn¬ tcJ-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ hn⁄m\w hf-sc-tbsd hnI-kn-®n-´p≠v. \ap-°n-t∏mƒ c≠pe£Øn Aº-Xn-\m-bncw t^mkn¬ kv]ojy-kp-I-fp-s≠-¶nepw ÿnXnAX-sbm-∂pw amdn-bn-ń√. ]cn-Wm-a-tcJ Ct∏mgpw hnkva-bn-∏n-°pw-hn[w `wK-ap-≈-XmWv. hntcm-[m-`m-k-sa-t∂mWw Um¿hns‚ Ime-Øp-


≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Ipd™ ]cn-Wma DZm-l-c-W-ßtf \ap-°p≈q'' (Conflicts between Darwinism and Paloeantology Bullettin Field Mu-seum of Natural History: 50 Jan 1979, P: 22 D≤-cWw Ibid ]pdw 23).

Um¿hn-\n-k-Øn¬ ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Iƒ°p-Xs∂ hnizmkw \jvS-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. HmIvkvt^m¿Uv k¿h-I-em-ime 1982-˛¬]pd-Øn-d-°nb, ]apJ P¥p-im-kvX-⁄\pw ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-bp-ambslmhm-Uns‚ Um¿hns\ kw_-‘n® Poh-N-cnX IrXn-bn-en-ßs\ImWmw: ""Um¿hns‚ ac-W-i-Xm-_vZn-tbmsS hn⁄m-\-Øn-\p≈Um¿hns‚ kw`m-h-\-bpsS hne-tbbpw \ne-tbbpw ]‰n hym]-I-ambkwi-b-a-t\m-`m-hhpw Akz-ÿ-Xbpw D≠m-bn-h-cp∂p''(D≤-cWw:krjvSn-hm-Zhpw ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Ifpw, ]pdw 54).

]apJ t^mkn¬ imkvX-⁄-cmb Ão^≥ KuƒUpw \o¬kvF¬ssUUvPpw Um¿hn-\n-k-Øn¬ hnizmkw \jvS-s∏-´-Xn-\m¬]pXnb kn≤m¥w Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. hniz-hn-Jym-X-cmb ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Iƒ°p-t]mepw Xßƒ aptºm- p-h® kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ Zu¿_-ey-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \∂m-b-dnbmw. kXy-k-‘-cmb Nne-sc-¶nepw AXvXpd∂p]d-bm-dp≠v. ]ikvX ]pcm-Po-hn-im-kvX-⁄\pw ]cn-Wmahnizm-kn-bp-amb tUm. tImfn≥ ]mt‰-gvk¨ Fgp-Xnb IØn-en-ßs\ImWmw: ""]£n-I-fp-sS-sb√mw ap≥Km-an-bm-bn-cp-∂pthm B¿°n-tbm-]vsS-dnIvkv? Hcp]t£, Bbn-cn°mw. Hcp-]t£ A√m-bn-cn°mw. CutNmZy-Øn\p DØcw Is≠-Øm≥ bmsXmcp am¿K-hp-an√. Hcp cq]-Øn¬\n∂pw as‰mcp cq]-ap-≠m-b-sX-ß-s\-sb-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n IY-Iƒsa\-bm≥ Ffp-∏-amWv; ]IrXn\n¿[m-cWw Hmtcm L´-sØbpw Fß-s\-bmWv ]n¥p-W-®-sX∂p ]d-bm\pw. ]t£, AØcw IY-IƒimkvX-Øns‚ `mK-a√. ImcWw Ahsb ]co-£W hnt[-b-am-°m-\m-hn√'' (1979 G]n¬ 10-˛se ]mt‰-gvks‚ IØv Scopes II The GreatDebate pp. 14-˛15. D≤-cWw: Ibid ]pdw 68).

]apJ krjvSn-hmZ Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\mb kp‚¿em‚ns‚ IØn-\p≈adp-]-Sn-°-Øm-bn-cp∂p tImfn≥ ]mt‰-gvk-t‚Xv. AXn-e-t±lw CX-IqSnIpdn-®n-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn: ""]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS t\cn- p≈DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Fs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ C√m-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Xm¶-fpsS A`n-]m-b-ß-tfmSv Rm≥ ]q¿W-ambn tbmPn-°p∂p. Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂tXm t^mkn¬ cq]-Øn-ep-≈tXm Bb AØcw GsX-¶nepwH∂n-s\-°p-dn®v F\n-°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw Rm\XvDƒs∏-Sp-Øp-am-bn-cp∂p. AØcw ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Hcp B¿ń-Ãn-s\-s°m≠v `mh-\-bn¬ hc-∏n-®p-Iq-tS-sb∂v Xm¶ƒ \n¿tZ-in-°p∂p. ]-t£, AtX-∏-‰n-bp≈ hnh-c-ßƒ Abmƒ°v FhnsS\n∂v e`n°pw?kXy-k-‘-ambn ]d-™m¬ F\n°v \¬Im-\m-hn√.''(Ibid ]pdw 68)

imkvX-Øns‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-I-sfms° Um¿hn-\n-ksØ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-t´-bp-≈q-sh∂v ASp-Ø-Imew hsc i‡-ambn hmZn-®n-cp∂

135kvt\l-kw-hmZw

tUm. F.F≥. \ºq-Xn-cn-t]mepw adn®p]d-bm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-hp-I-bp-≠mbn. At±lw FgpXn: ""imkvX-cw-K-sØ -]p-Xnb am‰-ßƒDƒs°m-≈m\pw Du¿P-kz-e-ambn \ne-\n¿Øm\pw Um¿hn-\n-k-Øn\pCXp-hsc Ign™p. ASp-Ø-Im-e-ØmWv NnXw amdn-bXv. Ct∏mgpwUm¿hn-\n-k-Øns‚ ]`bv°v s]mXpsh aß-te-‰n-ń√. F¶nepwPohs‚ Ncn-X-Ønse Nne L´-ß-fn-se-¶nepw ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚]h¿Ø-\-coXn Um¿hn≥ k¶¬]-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-a√ F∂ kqN-\-I-fp≠v. Um¿hn-\nkw t\cn-Sp∂ BZysØ ]Xn-k‘n.'' (Um¿hn-\nkw hgn-Øn-cn-hn¬, Iem-Iu-apZn 1076, t]Pv 19).

imkvX-k-Xy-ß-fpsS t\sc D∂-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ tNmZy-ßƒ°vXr]vXn-I-c-amb adp-]-Sn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cn°pw. F∂m¬ ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z-Øn\pt\sc ss[j-WnI Xe-Øn¬\n∂v Db¿Ø-s∏´ tNmZy-ßƒs°m∂pwCtX-hsc adp-]Sn e`n-®n-ń√. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v H∂p-am-X-an-hnsS D≤-cn°mw.""Pohn-I-fn¬ \nc-¥-c-ambn hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. A\p-Iq-e -hy-Xn-bm-\-ßsf ]IrXn\n¿[m-cWw hgn AXn-Po-hn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah ]mc-º-cy-ambn ssIam-d-s∏-Sp∂p. A\p-Iq-e-Kp-W-ßƒ kzcq-]n-°-s∏´v ]pXnb Pohn-h¿K-ß-fp-≠m-hp∂p'' F∂mWvUm¿hn-\n-k-Øns‚ hmZw. CXp icn-bm-sW-¶n¬ GI-tZiw ap∂q-dp-tImSn h¿j-ßƒ°-∏pdw D≠mb (C∂pw \ne-\n¬°p∂) GI-tImiefn-X-Po-hn-I-fmb Aao-_-Iƒ F¥p-sIm-≠-h-ti-jn®p? C∂p ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Aao-_-I-fpsS ap≥X-e-ap-d-I-fn¬ \nc-¥-c-ambn hyXn-bm-\-ßƒD≠m-bnt√? Cs√-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v? Ah as‰mcp Pohn-h¿K-ambn]cn-W-an-°msX ]Xn-Iq-e- ]-cn-X-xÿn-Xn-Isf Fßs\ AXn-Po-hn®p?ap∂q-dp-tImSn h¿j-ßƒ°-∏pdw \ne-\n∂ GI-tIm-i-ß-fpsS HcptiWn AtX-]Sn XpS-cp-Ibpw as‰mcp tiWn AkwJyw ]pXnbkv]ojy-kp-I-fn-eqsS kkvX-\n-I-fn-se-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?CØcw tNmZy-ßƒ Um¿hn-\n-k-Øns‚ ssk≤m-¥nI tijnsb ]co-£n-°p-∂-h-bmWv. Cu hkvXpX Xs∂ Ipg-°p∂Xmbn Um¿hn≥Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-®n-´p≠v. 1860 sabv 22-˛\v Um¿hn≥ At±-l-Øns‚ ]n¥p-W-°m-c\pw lm¿hm¿Uv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse kky-im-kvX-⁄-\p-am-bn-cp∂ Akm-tK°v FgpXn: ""IØp-I-fn¬\n∂pw A`n-]m-b -]-I-S-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v Fs‚ IrXn-bpsSG‰hpw henb t]mcmbva F√m ssPh-cq-]-ßfpw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]ns∂ efn-X-amb ssPh-cq-]-ßƒ F¥n\p \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂phni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mb-XmWv.''(^m≥knkv Um¿hn≥ FUn-‰p sNbvX The life and letters of Charls Darwin F∂ IrXn-bn¬\n∂v, F≥.Fw. lpssk≥, Um¿hn-\nkw: ]Xo-£bpw ]Xn-k-‘nbpw, ]pdw 18,19).

]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Iƒ BZy-Im-eØv Xß-fpsS hmZ-Øn\v sXfn-hmbnFSpØpImWn-®n-cp∂ \nbm-≠¿Xm¬ a\p-jy-cpsS t^mkn-ep-Iƒ IW-tcmKw _m[n® km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS Aÿn-Iƒ tN¿Øp-sh-®-Xm-


sW∂v ]n∂oSv sXfn-bn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. AtXmsS arK-Om-b-bp≈\nbm-≠¿Xm¬ a\p-jys‚ IYbpw IÆnbpw A‰p-t]mbn IYm-h-ti-j-ambn. ]I-c-sam∂p hbv°m-\n-t∂mfw ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Iƒ°pkm[n-®n-ń√. C]-ImcwXs∂-bmWv l¬´v a\p-jys‚ IYbpw. a\p-jy\pw Bƒ°p-c-ß-\p-an-S-bnse ]kn-≤-am-sbmcp IÆn-bm-bmWv ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Iƒ l¬´v a\p-jys\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv. F∂m¬Bƒ°p-c-ßns‚ XmSn-sb√v a\p-jys‚ Xe-tbm-ń¬ LSn-∏n®v IrXn-a-ambn D≠m-°n-b-Xm-Wv Cu A¿[ a\pjy t^mkn-se∂v ]n∂oSvsXfn-bn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. CsX√mw ]cn-Wm-a-hm-ZsØ IYm-h-ti-j-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ AXn-]-[m-\-amb ]¶mWv hln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, ]cn-WmahmZ-Øn\v Fs¥-¶nepw imkvXob ASn-Ø-dtbm ]am-W-Øns‚ ]n≥_-etam C√. tIhew hnI-e- `m-h-\bpwA\p-am-\-ßfpw \nK-a-\-ßfpw amX-am-WXv. AXns‚ hnizm-kyX ASn-°Sn \jvS-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. CØ-c-sam-∂ns\ Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂pt≠m F∂ ]iv\w DZv`-hn-°p-∂n-√. ]cn-Wma k¶ev]w Hcpkn≤m-¥-ambn sXfn-bn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmtg AXns‚ t\sc-bp≈ Ckvem-ans‚ kao-]\w hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn-e¿Y-ap-≈q.

137kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Ccp-]-Øn-c≠v

aX-ta -Xm-bmepw a\p-jy≥ \∂m-bm¬t]mtc?

""aXw ssZhn-I-am-sW-¶n¬ temIØv hnhn[ aX-ß-fp-≠m-bXv F¥p-sIm≠v? hyXykvX tZi-°m¿°pw Ime-°m¿°pw sht∆sd aX-amtWmssZhw \¬In-bXv? Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂ hnhn[ aX-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ ]c-kv]c `n∂-Xbpw sshcp-[yhpw D≠m-hm≥ Imc-W-sa¥v?''

am\-h-k-aq-l-Øn\v ssZhw \¬Inb Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv aXw.a\p-jy≥ Bcm-sW∂pw Fhn-sS-\n∂p h∂p-sh∂pw Ftßm´p t]mIp-∂p-sh∂pw PohnXw F¥m-sW∂pw GXp hn[-am-h-W-sa∂pw ac-W-tijw F¥v F∂pw Hs°-bmWv AXv a\p-jy\v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv. Aßs\ P\-Po-hn-XsØ t\¿h-gn-bn-eqsS \bn®v hnP-b-Øn-se-Øn-°p-I-bmWv aXw sNøp-∂Xv; sNtø-≠Xv. ssZhw Xs‚ ka-K-amb Cu Pohn-X-hy-hÿ Ime-tZ-i-t`-Z-an-√msX F√m P\-k-aq-l-ßƒ°pw kΩm-\n-®n-´p≠v. Xs‚ ktµ-i-hm-l-I-cn-eq-sS-bm-WXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv. F√m ssZh-Zq-X-∑mcpw a\p-jy-cm-in°p \¬Inb Pohn-Xm-Z¿iw auen-I-ambn H∂p-X-s∂-bmWv. A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p: ""F√mkap-Zm-b-ß-fn-te°pw \mw ZqX-∑msc \ntbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v. Ah-cn-eqsSF√m-h-scbpw Adn-bn®p: \nßƒ ssZhsØ amXw hWßn, hgßn,hnt[-b-ambn Pohn-°pI. ]cn[newLn® AXn-I-a-Im-cn-Isf \ncm-I-cn-°pI.''(Jp¿-B≥ 16: 36)

Aßs\ Hcp P\-X-bn¬ ssZh-Zq-X≥ \ntbm-Kn-X-\m-Ip∂p. Xs‚P\-Xsb ssZhn-I-k-∑m¿K-Øn-te°v £Wn-°p∂p. At∏mƒ Ah-cn-semcp hn`mKw At±-lsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ]n¥p-S-cp-IbpwsNøp∂p. Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂-h¿ ]q¿hn-Im-Nm-c-ß-fn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p∂p.ssZh-Zq-Xs‚ hntbm-Km-\-¥cw lkztam Zo¿Ltam Bb Imew Ign-bp-∂-tXmsS At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-IƒXs∂ ssZhnI k∑m¿K-Øn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-°p∂p. ]finX ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ Ah-cn¬ A‘-


hn-izm-k-ßfpw A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw hf¿Øp∂p. Bhn[w kaqlw kXy-ip-≤-amb ssZh-]m-X-bn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-°p-tºmƒ ho≠pw ssZh-Zq-X≥ \ntbm-Kn-X-\m-hp∂p. kaq-l-Ønse Hcp-hn-`mKw At±-lsØ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h¿ ]gb kº-Zm-b-ß-fn¬Xs∂ \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. AtXmsS At±-lsØ A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h¿ Hcp aXm-\p-bm-bn-I-fmbpw A√m-Ø-h¿ as‰mcp aX-°m-cmbpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.bYm¿Y-Øn¬ F√m ssZh-Zq-X-∑mcpw P\-ßsf £Wn-®Xv HtckjvSm-hn-te°pw Ahs‚ Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bn-te-°p-amWv. Ckm-tb-ey¿ ssZhn-I-k-∑m¿K-Øn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-®-t∏mƒ Ahsc t\¿h-gn-bn-te°v \bn-°m≥ tamsi ]hm-N-I≥ \ntbm-Kn-X-\mbn. ]n∂oSvAt±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ hgn-]n-g-®-t∏mƒ tbip \ntbm-Kn-X-\mbn. tbip-hns‚ £Ww \ncm-I-cn®v Xß-fpsS Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-fn-ep-d-®p-\n-∂-h¿ PqX-∑m-cmbn Adn-b-s∏´p. tbip-hns\ ]n¥p-S¿∂ph∂-h¿ InkvXym-\n-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Cuhn[w kaqlw kXy-]m-X-bn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-°p-tºmƒ Ahsc k∑m¿K-Øn-te°v \bn-°m≥\ntbm-Kn-X-cm-hp∂ ]pXnb ]hm-N-I-∑msc A\p-[m-h\w sNømsX]q¿hn-Im-Nm-c-ßsf ]n¥p-S¿∂-Xn-\m-emWv temIØv hnhn[ aX-ßfpw Ah-bv°n-S-bn¬ `n∂-Xbpw sshcp-[y-ßfpw D≠m-bXv.

""\Zn-Iƒ ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw \n∂m-cw-`n®v ]e- h-gn-I-fn-eqsS HgpIn kap-Z-Øn-se-Øp∂p. B hn[w a\p-jy≥ hyXykvX am¿K-a-h-ew-_n®v ssZ-h-Øn-se-Øp∂p. AXn-\m¬ io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp ]d-™-t]mse "aX-ta-Xm-bmepw a\p-jy≥ \∂m-bm¬ aXn'sb∂-Xt√ icn?''

ssZh-Øns‚ ]oXnbpw ]Xn-^-ehpw t\Sm-\p≈ ]mX-bm-Wt√maXw. X∂n-te°v h∂p-tN-cm-\p≈ hgn-tb-sX∂v \n›-bn-t°-≠XvkjvSm-hmb ssZhw Xs∂-bmWv. AX-h≥ \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ZqX-∑m-cn-eqsS am\-h-k-aq-lsØ Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v.

]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-amb Imcy-ßƒ Htc-k-abw kXy-am-hpI km[y-a-s√-∂Xv kphn-Zn-X-am-Wt√m. KWn-X-im-kvX-Øn¬ c≠pw c≠pwtN¿Øm¬ \mem-sW-∂Xv icn-bm-Wv. aq∂m-sW-∂Xpw A©m-sW-∂Xpw sX‰m-Wv. HmIvkn-P\pw sslU-P\pw IqSn-t®¿∂m¬ sh≈-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-∂Xv kXy-am-Wv. aZy-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-∂Xv Ak-Xy-am-Wv. C∆n[wXs∂ aX-Øn¬ kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw GsX-∂Xv auenI ][m-\-am-Wv. AssZz-X-amWv kXy-sa∂pw ssZzXw Ak-Xy-am-sW∂pw ioi-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿ ]d-bp-∂p. ssZzX-amWv kXy-sa∂pw AssZzXw Ak-Xy-am-sW∂pw am[zm-Nm-cy¿ ÿm]n-°p-∂p. CXv c≠pw Ak-Xy-am-sW∂pwhninjvSmssZzX-amWv kXy-sa∂pw cmam-\p-Pm-Nm-cy¿ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. ssZhm-h-Xmc k¶ev]w kXy-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-hcpw Ak-Xy-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-hcpw sslµh ]WvUn-X≥am-cn-ep-≠v.]p\¿P≥a-k-¶-ev]-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw CXp-X-s∂. sslµh ]WvUn-

139kvt\l-kw-hmZw

X≥am¿ Xs∂ lnµp-a-X-Ønse hnhn[ hnizm-k-ßƒ kXy-am-sW∂vhniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√∂v CXv sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ hnhn[ aX-ß-fnse GI-ssZ-hXzw, Xntb-IXzw, _lp-ssZ-hXzw, ssZzXw,AssZzXw, GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[\, _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\, hnK-lm-cm-[\,hnK-lm-cm-[\ sImSnb ]m]-am-sW∂ hnizmkw, ]c-temI hnizmkw,]p\¿P-∑-hn-izmkw, a\p-jy-scms° ]cn-ip-≤-cm-bmWv P\n-°p-∂-sX∂ ho£Ww, ]m]n-I-fm-bmWv ]nd-°p-∂-sX∂ ]kvXmhwt]mep≈ Imcy-ßƒ Htc-k-abw kXyhpw icnbpw kzoIm-cy-hp-am-hp-I-bn√. Bhp-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv c≠pw c≠pw \mem-sW∂XpwA©m-sW-∂Xpw aq∂m-sW-∂Xpw kXyhpw icn-bp-am-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse ]c-am-_-≤-am-Wv.

AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ a\pjy CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-amb, kXy-ip-≤-amb ssZhn-I- k≥am¿Kw GsX∂v At\z-jn®v Is≠Øn AXv]n¥p-S-cp-I-bmWv th≠Xv. hnP-b-Øns‚ hgnbpw AXp-Xs∂. Xm≥hniz-kn-°p∂ Imcyhpw AXn\p t\sc hncp-≤-am-bXpw HtckabwkXyhpw kzoIm-cy-hp-am-sW∂v, t_m[-ap≈ Bcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bn√. Iayq-Wn-khpw apX-em-fn-Øhpw Hcp-t]mse icnbpw \√-Xp-am-sW∂v Ah-sb-°p-dn-®-dn-bp∂ Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmcpw ]d-bp-I-bn-√t√m.

bYm¿Y-Øn¬ th≠Xv a\p-jys\ \∂m-°p∂ aX-amWv. AYhm,sFlnIPohn-X-Øn¬ a\- n\v kam-[m-\hpw hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ hnip-≤nbpw IpSpw-_-Øn\v sskzchpw kaq-l-Øn\v kam-[m-\hpw c£bpwcmjvS-Øn\v t£ahpw `Z-Xbpw temIØv ]im-¥nbpw k¿thm-]cn]c-tem-IØv \c-I-Øn¬\n∂v tamN-\hpw kz¿K-e-_v[nbpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ aXw. aX-an-√msX CXv km[y-hp-a√.

""GXv aXhpw kzoI-cn-°m-sa∂v Jp¿-B-\n¬ Xs∂ D≠t√m. Jp¿-B≥2: 62-˛¬ Cßs\ ImWmw: "Dd-∏mbn Adn-bpI: Cu ]hm-N-I-\n¬hniz-kn-®-htcm PqX-∑mtcm InkvXym-\n-Itfm km_n-Itfm Bcp-am-hs´, A√m-lp-hnepw A¥y-Zn-\-Ønepw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw k¬°¿a-ß-f-\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°v Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-hn-¶¬ ]Xn-^-e-ap≠v. Ah¿ `b-s∏-Smt\m ZpxJn-°mt\m CS-bm-hp-∂-X√'. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v F¥p ]d-bp∂p?''

blq-Z-cpsS hwio-b-hm-ZsØ \ncm-I-cn-°p∂ hnip-≤-hm-Iy-am-WnXv.Xß-fpsS hwiw amX-amWv ssZh-Øn\v ]nb-s∏-´-hcpw kz¿Km-h-Im-in-I-fp-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-hmZw. Xßƒ Fßs\ Pohn-®mepw c£]m]n-°p-sa∂pw a‰p-≈-h-sc√mw \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Ah¿ hniz-kn®p. CXns\ Jfin-®p-sIm≠v Jp¿-B≥]d™p: ""hwitam PmXntbm kap-Zm-btam A√ hnP-b-\n-Zm\w; adn®vssZh-Ønepw ]c-tem-I-Øn-ep-ap≈ hnizm-khpw k¬°¿a-hp-amWv.''


ssZh-Ønepw ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-Ønepw bYm-hn[n hniz-kn-°epw k¬°¿a-ß-f-\p-jvTn-°epw Xs∂-bmWv Ckvemw. B¿Bhn[w Pohn-°p-∂pthm Ah¿ apkvenw-I-fmWv. Ah-cpsS hwitamh¿Ktam tZitam PmXntbm GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw icn. PqX-∑mcpwInkvXym-\n-Ifpw km_n-Ifpw ssZh-Ønepw ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-Ønepw hniz-kn®v k¬°¿a-ß-f-\p-jvTn-°p-∂-tXmsS Ah¿ Ah-c-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp∂p. hnizm-k-ß-fnepw Bcm-[-\-I-fnepw BNm-c-ß-fnepw A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fnepw Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fnepw kaq-e-amb am‰w kw`-hn-°p∂p. ]ns∂, \ne-hn-ep≈ t]cn-e-h-c-dn-b-s∏-Sm\pw CS-bn√. AXn-\m¬ Jp¿-B≥ Chn-sSbpw hnP-b-Øns‚ \nZm-\-ambn Du∂n-∏-d-™XvCkvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fmb kXy-hn-izm-khpw k¬°¿a-ßfpw

141kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Xs∂-bmWv.(hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-Øn\v Ub-temKv sk‚¿ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® "k¿h-a-X-

k-Xy-hmZw' F∂ IrXn ImWp-I.)

Ccp-]Ønaq∂v

B[p-\nIa\p-jy\v Bdmw\q‰m-≠nseaXtam?

]hm-N-I≥ aX-ÿm-]-I-\√

""tbip ssZh-]p-X-\m-sW∂v InkvXym-\n-Ifpw \nß-fpsS \_n ssZh-Øns‚ A¥y-Zq-X-\m-sW∂v \nßfpw hmZn-°p∂p. CsX√mw kz¥waX-ÿm-]-Isc al-Xz-h¬°-cn-°m-\p-≈ tIhew Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-ft√?''

Ckvem-an-s\bpw apkvenw-I-sfbpw kw_-‘n® Kpcp-X-c-amb sX‰p-[m-c-W-I-fmWv Cu tNmZy-Øn\p ImcWw. apl-ΩZv \_n \ΩpsSsbm-s° ]hm-N-I-\mWv. GsX-¶nepw PmXn-°mcp-sStbm kap-Zm-b-°m-cp-sStbm amXw \_n-b√. apgp-h≥ temI-Øn\pw kI-e- P-\-Øn\pwth≠n \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ ssZh-Zq-X-\mWv. At±-lsØ kw_-‘n®vhnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv, "temI¿°msI A\p-K-l-am-bn-´-√msX\ns∂ \mw \ntbm-Kn-®n-ń√.' (21: 107) F∂mWv.

A]-ImcwXs∂ F°m-e-sØbpw GXp tZi-sØbpw F√m \_n-am-scbpw Xß-fpsS kz¥w ]hm-N-I-∑m-cmbn kzoI-cn-°m≥ apkvenw-Iƒ _m[y-ÿ-cmWv. Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ Hcp-hn[ hnth-N-\hpw I¬]n-°m-h-X√. apkvenw-Iƒ C]-Imcw ]Jym-]n-°m≥ imkn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p: ""]d-bpI: Rßƒ A√m-lp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂p. C_vdmlow,Ckvam-Cu¬, CkvlmJv, bA-vJq_v, At±-l-Øns‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ F∂n-h¿°-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xnepw tamsi, tbip F∂n-h¿°pw CXc]hm-N-I-∑m¿°pw Ah-cpsS \mY-¶¬\n-∂-h-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p≈ am¿K-Z¿i-\-ß-fnepw Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p∂p. Ah-cn-em-tcmSpw Rßƒ hnth-N\w I¬]n-°p-∂n√. Rßƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-I-ft√m.''(Jp¿-B≥ 3:84)


Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""ssZh-Zq-X≥ Xs‚ \mY-\n¬\n∂v X\n°vAh-X-cn® am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p∂p. Cu ZqX-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cmtcm Ahcpw B am¿K-Z¿i-\sØ hniz-kn-®w-Ko-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ah-sc-√m-hcpw A√m-lp-hnepw Ahs‚ ae-°p-I-fnepw thZ-K-Ÿßfnepw ZqX-∑m-cnepw hniz-kn-°p∂p. Ah-cpsS ]Jym-]-\-an-∆n-[-asX: Rßƒ ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn¬ BtcmSpw hnth-N\w ImWn-°p-∂n√. Rßƒ hn[n ihn®p. hnt[-b-Xz-aw-Ko-I-cn®p. \mYm, Rßƒ\nt∂mSv am∏n-c-°p-∂-h-cm-Ip∂p. Rßƒ \n∂n-te-°p-Xs∂ aS-ßp-∂-h-cm-Wt√m''(2: 285).

]hm-N-I-∑m-c√ aX-ÿm-]-I-sc∂pw Ah¿ ssZhn-I-k-tµiw a\p-jy-cm-in-s°-Øn-°p∂ ssZh-Zq-X-∑mcpw ]t_m-[-Icpw amX-am-sW∂pwCu hnip-≤-hm-Iy-ßƒ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬apl-ΩZv \_n-b√ Ckvem-ans‚ ÿm]-I≥. Ckvemw At±-l-Øn-eqsSBcw-`n-®-Xp-a√. BZn-a-a-\p-jy≥ apX¬ apgp-h≥ a\p-jy¿°pw ssZhw\¬Inb PohnX hyh-ÿ-bm-WXv. B Pohn-X-hy-hÿ P\-ßƒs°-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb ktµ-i-hm-l-I-cmWv ]hm-N-I-∑m¿. Ah¿ ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX-∑mtcm Ah-Xm-c-ßtfm A√. a\p-jy-cn¬\n∂p Xs∂ ssZh-Øm¬ \nbp-‡-cmb ktµ-i-hm-l-I¿ amX-amWv. qan-bn¬ P\-hm-k-am-cw-`n-®Xp apX¬ temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ mK-ß-fn¬ hyXykvX Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬ CØcw At\-Im-bncw ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿ \ntbm-Kn-X-cm-bn-´p≠v. Ah-cnse Ah-km-\sØ IÆn-bmWv apl-ΩZv \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n.

F¥p-sIm-≠n-t∏mƒ ssZh-Zq-X≥am¿ hcp-∂n√?

""\_n-Xn-cp-ta\n ssZh-Øns‚ A¥y-Zq-X-\m-b-sX-¥p-sIm≠v? ssZh-Øns‚ am¿K-Z¿i\w C∂pw Bh-iy-at√? F¶n¬ F¥p-sIm-≠n-t∏mƒssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cp-≠m-Ip-∂n√?''

a\p-jy-cpsS am¿K-Z¿i-\-am-Wt√m ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cpsS \ntbm-K-e£yw. apl-ΩZv \_n°p apºp≈ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eqsS Ah-Xo¿W-amb ssZhn-I-k-tµiw Nne ]tXyI Ime-°m¿°pw tZi-°m¿°pwamX-ap-≈-h-bm-bn-cp∂p. temI-hym-]-I-ambn B ktµ-i-ß-fpsS ]Nm-c-Whpw Ah-bpsS `Z-amb kwc-£-Whpw km[y-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂-Xmhmw CXn\p ImcWw. GXm-bmepw Ah-cn-eqsS e`y-amb ssZhn-I-k-tµiw a\p-jy- C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬\n∂v Xo¿Øpw ap‡-amb \ne-bn¬temI-Øn∂v Fhn-sS-bp-an√. F∂m¬ ]Xn-\mep \q‰m-≠n-\-∏pdw apl-ΩZv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bn-eqsS Ah-Xo¿W-amb Jp¿-B≥ apgp-h≥ a\p-jy¿°pw am¿K-Z¿i-\-ta-Im≥ ]cym-]vX-asX. A∂Xv temI-saßpwFØm≥ kuI-cy-s∏-Sp-amdv a\p-jy-\m-K-cn-IX hf¿∂p hnI-kn-®n-cp∂p.]hm-N-I \ntbm-Km-\-¥cw Gsd°mew Ignbpwaptº A∂sØ Adn-b-s∏-ń-cp∂ \mSp-I-fn-seßpw Jp¿-Bs‚ ktµiw sNs∂-Øp-Ibpw

143kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]N-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Jp¿-B≥ a\p-jy-cpsS F√m-hn[ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬\n∂pw Iqń-t®¿°-ep-I-fn¬\n∂pw shń-®p-cp -°-ep-I-fn¬\n∂pw ap‡-ambn X\-Xmb \ne-bn¬ C∂pw \ne-\n¬°p∂p.temIm-h-km\w hsc AXv A∆n[w kpc-£n-X-ambn tijn°pw. ssZhn-I-amb Cu KŸ-Øn¬ Hc-£cw t]mepw am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-bn-ń√. AXns‚ kq£va-amb kwc-£Ww ssZhw-Xs∂ Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Ah≥ hmKvZm\w sNøp∂p: ""Cu Jp¿-B≥\mw Xs∂ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-XmWv. \mw Xs∂-bm-W-Xns‚ kwc-£-I\pw''(15: 9).

a\p-jy-cm-in-°mbn \¬I-s∏´ ssZhn-I-am¿K-Z¿i\w hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nepw AXns‚ hymJym-\-hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-amb ]hm-N-I-N-cy-bnepw Z-ambpw kq£va-ambpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]pXnb am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-s‚tbm ]hm-N-I-s‚tbm Bh-iy-an√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ign™]Xn-\m-ep-\q-‰m-≠n¬ ]pXnb thZ-K-Ÿtam ssZh-Zq-Xt\m D≠m-bn- n√.C\n D≠m-hp-I-bp-an√. C°mcyw Jp¿-B≥Xs∂ Du∂n-∏-d-™n-´p≠v.""P\-ßtf, apl-ΩZv \_n \nß-fn-ep≈ ]pcp-j-∑m-cn-em-cp-sSbpw ]nXm-h√. ]XypX, At±lw A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX\pw ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ Ah-km-\-sØ-bm-fp-am-Ip∂p. A√mlp k¿h-kw-K-Xn-Ifpw Adn-bp-∂-h-\t√m''(32: 40).

Bdmw \q‰m-≠nse aXw!

""]Xn-\mep \q‰m-≠n-\Iw temIw hnh-cn-°m-\m-hmØ hn[w amdn.]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]mc-ay-X-bn-se-Ønb B[p-\nI ]cn-jvIr-X-bp-K-Øn¬Bdmw \q‰m-≠nse aX-hp-ambn \S-°p-∂Xv hnUvVn-Ø-at√?''

Imew amdn-bn-´p≠v, icn-bmWv. temI-Øns‚ tImehpw amdn-bn-cn-°p∂p. a\p-jy-\n∂v hf-sc-tbsd ]ptcm-KXn ]m]n-®n-´p≠v. imkvXwhnh-c-Wm-Xo-Xamw hn[w hf¿∂p. kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy kar-≤-ambn. hn⁄m-\w hºn® hnImkw t\Sn. Pohn-X-ku-I-cy-ßƒ koam-Xo-X-ambnh¿[n®p. \mK-cn-IX \n¿Wm-bI t\´-ßƒ ssIh-cn®p. Pohn-X-\n-e-hmcw hf-sc-tbsd sa®-s∏´p. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-\n¬ Ch-sb√mw Fs¥-¶nepw auen-I-amb am‰w hcp-Øn-bn-´pt≠m? hnNm-c-hn-Im-c-ß-sfbpwBNm-c-I-a-ß-sfbpw Bcm-[\mcoXn-I-sfbpw s]cp-am‰ kº-Zm-b-ß-sfbpw kz`mh kao-]-\-ß-sfbpw A¬]-sa-¶nepw kzm[o-\n-®n- pt≠m?Cs√-∂-Xt√ kXyw? kl-km-_vZ-ßƒ°-∏pdw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒkaq-lsØ AS-°n-`-cn-®n-cp∂p. ka-Im-eo\ kaq-l-Ønse ÿnXnbpwAXp-Xs∂. A∂-sØ-t∏mse C∂pw a\p-jy≥ AtN-X\ hkvXp-°sfBcm-[n-°p∂p. NXnbpw h©-\bpw Ifhpw sIm≈bpw ]g-b-Xp-t]mseXpS-cp∂p. aZyw tam¥n-°p-Sn-°p-∂-Xn¬ t]mepw am‰-an√. ssewKnIAcm-P-I-Xz-Øns‚ Ah-ÿbpw AXp-Xs∂. F¥n-t\sd, Bdmw \q‰m-≠nse Nne Atd-_y≥ tKmX-ßƒ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse s]Ïp-™p-ßsf B[p-\nI a\p-jy\pw Iqc-ambn sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. A∂v


H∂pw c≠p-sam-s°-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ C∂v e£-ßfpw tImSn-I-fp-am-sW∂p amXw. sshZy-hn-Zy-bnse sshZKv[yw AXv A\m-bm-k-I-c-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. \mw Incm-X-sa∂v Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ImeØv kw`-hn-®n-cp-∂-t]mse Xs∂ C∂pw a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ kl-Po-hnsb Iqc-ambn sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. A∂v Iq¿Øp-aq¿Ø I√m-bn-cp∂p sIme-bv°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ C∂v h≥ hnkvt^m-S\ tijn-bp≈ t_mw_m-sW∂p amXw. AXn-\m¬ sIme KWy-ambn h¿[n-®n-cn-°p∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, temI-Øp-≠mb am‰-sam-s°bpw Xo¿Øpw _mly-asX. AIw A∂pw C∂pw H∂pXs∂.a\p-jys‚ a\-sam´pw amdn-bn-ń√. AXn-\m¬ auen-I-am-sbmcp am‰hpwkw`-hn-®n-ń√. ]n∂n´ \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse ]pcp-jm-¥-c-ß-fn¬ a\w-am-‰hpw AXp-hgn PohnX ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw krjvSn® BZ¿i-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°pw aqey-t_m-[-Øn\pw amXta C∂pw AXp-≠m-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bp≈q. Bdmw \q‰m-≠nse am\-h-a-\- n\v kam-[m-\hpw Pohn-X-Øn\v hnip-≤nbpw IpSpw-_-Øn\v sskzchpw kaq-l-Øn\v kpc-£bpw cmjvS-Øn\v `Z-Xbpw \¬Inb ssZhn-I-Po-hn-X-hy-h-ÿ°vC∂pw AXn-s\m-s°-bp≈ IcpØpw ]m]vXn-bp-ap≠v. ]tbm-K-h¬°-c-W-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn AXns‚ ka-Im-enI ]k-‡nbpw ]m[m-\yhpw kZv^-e-ßfpw ]I-S-amIpw; ]I-S-am-bn-´p≠v; ]I-S-am-Ip-∂p-ap≠v. hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw ]hm-N-I-N-cybpw ka¿∏n-°p∂ kaKPohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ Hcwiw t]mepw B[p-\nI temI-Øn\v A]m-tbm-Kn-Itam A\p-Nn-Xtam Bbn Cs√-∂-XmWv hkvXpX. F∂√;

145kvt\l-kw-hmZw

AXns‚ ]tbm-K-h¬°-c-W-Øn-eqsS amXta am\-h-cmin C∂-\p-`-hn-°p∂ ]iv\-ßfpw ]bm-k-ßfpw ]q¿W-ambpw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp≈q.

Ccp-]Øn\mev

ssZhw IA-v_-bntem?

""apkvenw-Iƒ F¥n-\mWv \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ IA-v_-bn-te°v Xncn-™p-\n¬°p-∂Xv? IA-v_-bn-emtWm ssZhw? As√-¶n¬ IAv_ ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xo-Itam ]Xn-jvTtbm?''

Ckvem-ans‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ ssZhw GsX-¶nepw ]tXy-I-ÿ-eØv]cn-an-Xt\m IpSn-bn-cp-Ø-s∏- -ht\m A√. ssZh-Øn\v ]Xn-a-Itfm ]Xn-jvT-Itfm C√.

""Ing°pw ]Sn-™mdpw A√m-lp-hn-t‚-Xm-Ip∂p. \nßƒ FhnsSXncn-™mepw Ahn-sS-sb√mw Ahs‚ hZ-\-ap≠v. A√mlp AXn-hn-im-e\pw k¿h-⁄-\p-asX.''(Jp¿-B≥ 2: 115)

""BIm-i- q-an-I-fpsS kI-e- kw-K-Xn-Ifpw A√mlp Adn-bp-∂p-sh∂v\nß-f-dn-bp-∂nt√? Hcn-°epw aq∂p-t]¿ XΩn¬ cl-ky-kw-`m-jWw\S-°p-∂n√, Ah-cn¬ \mem-a-\mbn A√mlp C√msX. As√-¶n¬A©p-t]-cpsS cl-ky-kw- m-jWw˛Bdm-a-\mbn A√mlp C√msX \S-°p-∂n√. clkyw]d-bp-∂-h¿ CXnepw Ipd-®m-hs´ IqSp-X-em-hs´, Ah-sc-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw A√mlp Ah-tcm-sSm-∏-ap≠mbncn°pw.'' (58:7)

""a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®Xv \mam-Ip∂p. Ahs‚ a\- n-ep-W-cp∂tXm∂-ep-Iƒ hsc \ma-dn-bp∂p. Ahs‚ IWvT-\m-Un-tb-°mƒ Ah-t\m-S-Sp-Ø-h-\sX \mw.''(50: 16)

temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-scbpw AJn-e -Po-hnX taJ-e-I-fnepw GIo-I-cn-°p∂ kaK Pohn-X-]-≤-Xn-bmWv Ckvemw. AXns‚Bcm-[-\m-Iaw hnizm-kn-Isf GIo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ A\¬]-amb ]¶p-h-ln-°p∂p. CXp km[y-am-h-W-sa-¶n¬ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Bcm-[-\m-coXn Htc-hn-[-am-th-≠-Xp-≠t√m. AXn-\m¬ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ hniz-sa-


ßp-ap≈ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Xncn-™p-\n¬°m≥ HcnSw A\n-hm-cy-asX.AXv ssZhsØ amXw Bcm-[n-°m-\mbn BZy-ambn \n¿an-°-s∏´ I-Av_-bmbn \n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. AXp-sIm≠v B hnip≤tZhm-ebw temI-P-\-Xsb GIo-I-cn-°p∂ tIµ-_n-µp-hmWv. ssZhw]tXy-I-ambn IpSn-bn-cp-Ø-s∏´ CStam ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xo-Itam]Xn-jvTtbm H∂p-a√. adn®v, AXv GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS ]Xo-I-amWv.

""\n w-ibw, a\p-jy¿°mbn \n¿an-°-s∏´ ]Ya tZhm-ebw a°-bn¬ ÿnXnsNøp-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Ip∂p. AXv A\p-Kr-lo-Xhpw temI-¿-°m-I-am\w am¿K-Z¿iI tIµ-hp-am-bn-´sX \n¿an-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈Xv.''(Jp¿-B≥ 3:96)

""Cu aµn-csØ \mw P\-ßƒ°v Hcp tIµhpw A`-b-ÿm-\-hp-ambn \n›-bn-®Xpw kvacn-°pI''(2:125). ""hnip-≤-tK-l-amb IA-v_m-e-bsØ A√mlp P\-ßƒ°v (kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øns‚) \ne-\n¬]n-\p≈ B[m-c-am°n \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p''(5: 97).

AXn-\m¬ hnip≤ tZhm-e-b-sØ-b√ Bcm-[n-t°-≠Xv, AXns‚\mY-\mb ssZhsØ amX-amWv. ""AXn-\m¬ \nßƒ Cu aµn-c-Øns‚\mYs\ hW-ßp-hn≥''(106:3).

Nne ]apJ Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ t]mepw sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw sX‰mbntcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-t]mse IAv_ Hcp I√√. I√p-sIm≠v\n¿an-°-s∏´ ]¥-≠p -ao-‰¿ \ofhpw ]Øp-ao-‰¿ hoXnbpw ]Xn-\©p-ao-‰¿ Db-c-hp-ap≈ Hcp aµn-c-amWv. IAv_ F∂ ]Zw Xs∂ L\NXp-csØ(Iyq_v)bmWv ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv. \n¿am-W-Nm-Xp-cntbmin¬]-`w-Kntbm Ie-Itfm sImØp-]-Wn-Itfm H´p-an-√mØ emfn-Xy-Øns‚ ]Xo-I-am-WXv.

F∂m¬ temI-Ønse G‰hpw it≤-b-amb `h-\-am-WXv. \qdptImSn-tbmfw a\p-jy¿ \nXyhpw \s∂ Npcp-ßn-bXv A©p t\c-sa-¶nepw AXns‚ t\sc Xncn™p\n¬°p∂p. \nc-h[n \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]mb tImSm-\p-tImSn hnizm-kn-I-fpsS apJw A¥y-hn-i-a-Øn-\mbn Xncn-®p-h-bv°-s∏-´Xpw IA-v_-bpsS t\sc-bmWv. P\-hn-Im-c-ß-fp-ambn Cuhn[w sI´p-]n-W™p InS-°p∂ Hcp aµn-chpwtemIØv thsd-bn√. ssZh-Øns‚ `h-\-am-WXv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cp-tS-Xp-amWv. GIssZhm-cm-[-\-bpsS ]Xo-Ihpw F√mGI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cp-sSbpw ]m¿Y-\-bpsS Zni-bp-am-WXv.""F¥n-\mWv apkvenw-Iƒ IA-v_°p Np‰pw Id-ßp-∂Xv? F¥mWvAXns‚ ]tbm-P\w? Hc¿Y-hp-an-√mØ BNm-c-at√ AXv?''

ssZh-amWv Xs∂ Fßs\ Bcm-[n-°-W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠Xv.]q¿h-]-hm-N-I-\mb C_vdmlow \_n-bpsS Imew sXmt´-bp≈ ssZh-\n-›n-X-amb Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-am-WXv. \ap°p tXm∂n-b-Xp-t]m-se-b-√t√m \mw ssZhsØ hW-tß-≠Xv. Aßs\ Bbn-cp-∂psh-¶n¬

147kvt\l-kw-hmZw

\ap°v bp‡-sa∂v tXm∂p∂ coXn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-am-bn-cp∂p.F∂m¬ Bcm-[\mI¿a-ßƒ GsXm-s°-sb∂pw Ft∏mƒ, GXp-hn-[-sa∂pw ssZhw IWn-i-ambn \n¿W-bn-®n-´p≠v. Xs‚ ZqX-∑m-cn-eqsSkaq-lsØ ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p-ap≠v. Ah-bn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw Iqń-t®¿°mt\mshń-°p-dbv-°mt\m am‰whcp-Ømt\m B¿°pw A\p-hm-Ztam Ah-Im-itam C√. IA-v_°p Np‰p-ap≈ Id-°hpw Cuhn[w \n¿WnX cq]-ap≈, ssZh-\n¿Zn-jvS-amb Bcm-[\m I¿a-amWv. F∂m¬ CXns‚]n∂n¬ al-Ømb bp‡nbpw A¿Y-hp-ap-s≠∂v A¬]w Btem-Nn-®m¬ a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

a\p-jy≥ ]]-©LS-\-tbmSv XmZmflyw ]m]n-°p∂p; AXnseA¤p-X-I-c-amb kwhn-[m-\-tØmSv Dƒt®-cp∂ AXn-hn-in-jvS-amb Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-am-WXv. hnip≤ IA-v_-bm-W-Xns‚ tIµ-_nµp. P\wAXn\p Np‰pw Id-ßp∂p. kuc-bq-Y-Ønse Kl-ßƒ kqcy\p Np‰p-sa-∂-t]mse. ]c-am-Wp-hnse Ce-IvtSm-Wp-Iƒ \yq¢n-b-kn\p Np‰pwId-ßp-∂-Xp-t]mse. Ggp-X-hW Np‰n-bmte Hcp ]mh-iy-ambn ]cnK-Wn-°p-I-bp≈q. AYhm Ggp ]mhiyw Np‰p-∂-XmWv Hcp Xzhm^v.ChnsS Ggv F∂Xv ]]-©-L-S-\sb ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂p. `qJ-fi-ßƒ Ggm-Wt√m. kap-Zhpw Ggp-Xs∂. BIm-ihpw Ggm-sW∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p.

he-Xp-h-i-Øn\v Gsd ]mapJyw I¬]n® Ckvemw Xzhm-^n¬IAv_, Xo¿Ym-S-Is‚ CS-Xp-h-i-Øm-h-W-sa∂v \njvI¿jn-®n-cn-°p∂p.CXv hf-sc-tbsd it≤-b-asX. CXp-hgn IA-v_°p Np‰p-ap≈ Id°w]Ir-Xn-hy-h-ÿ-bp-ambn ]q¿W-ambpw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp∂p. kuc-bq-Y-Ønse tKmf-ßƒ kqcys\ Np‰p-∂Xv, AXv CS-Xp-hiw hcpw-hn-[-amWv. AYhm Xzhm- n-te-Xp-t]mse, LSn-Im-c-Øns‚ kqNn ]nd-tIm vXncnbpwhn[-amWv. Kl-ßƒ kz¥w A£--Øn¬ Id-ßp-∂Xpw Bhn-[w Xs∂. [qa-tI-Xp-°ƒ kqcy-\p-Np‰pw Nen-°p-∂Xpw AtX Znibn-emWv. Afi˛_oP-k-¶-e\w \S-°pw-apºv ]pcp-j-_o-P-ßƒ Afi-Øn\p Np‰pw Id-ßp-∂Xpw B‚n-t¢m°v sshkn-emWv. Aßs\ hnin-jvS-amb Cu Bcm-[-\m-I¿aw ]]-©-hy-h-ÿ-tbmSv hnkva-b-I-c-amw-hn[w tbmPn-®p-h-∂n-cn-°p∂p. ]c-am-Wp- ap-X¬ KmeIvkn hsc-bp≈]hn-im-e-amb Cu ]]-©-Øns‚ `mK-amWv Xms\∂pw Ah-sbms°kjvSm-hmb ssZh-Øn\v hgßn, hW-ßp-∂-t]mse Xm\pw Ahs\amXw Bcm-[n®pw A\p-k-cn®pw Pohn-t°-≠-h-\m-sW-∂pap-≈ t_m[-ap-W¿Øp∂ Cu A\p-jvTm\w Xms\-ßs\ sNøp-sa-∂-Xns‚ ]Xo-Im-fl-I-amb ]Jym-]\w IqSn-bmWv.

IA-v_°p Np‰p-ap≈ Id-°-Øns‚ AXn-a-l-Ø-chpw AXy¥whnkva-b-I-c-hp-amb Cu A¿Y-X-e-ßƒ Adn-bm≥ km[n-®Xv ASp-Ø-Im-eØv amX-amWv. C\nbpw ]nSn-In-´mØ ]e am\-ßfpw AXn-\p-≠m-tb°mw. ssZh-\n¿Zn-jvS-amb Bcm-[\ Ahs‚ krjvSn-I-fmb a\p-


jy¿ AXns‚ bp‡nbpw \ymbhpw a\- n-em-bmepw Cs√-¶nepw\n›nX cq]-Øn¬ \n¿h-ln-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-cmWv.

t£X]Z-£n-Whpw IAv_m Xzhm^pw

""lnµp-°ƒ t£X-Øn\p Np‰pw ]Z-£nWw sNøp-∂-t]m-se-Ø-s∂-bt√ apkvenw-Iƒ IA-v_°p Np‰pw Id-ßp-∂Xv?''

C_vdmlow ]hm-N-I-\mWv hnip≤ IAv_ ]p\¿\n¿an-®Xv.l÷n\v hnfw-_cw sNbvXXpw At±lw Xs∂. At±lw ]WnXI-Av_-bn¬ ]Xn-a-Itfm ]Xn-jvT-Itfm hnK-l-ßtfm NnX-ßtfmH∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂√, GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bv°m-bmWv C_v-dmlow \_nbpw ]pX≥ Ckvam-Cu¬ ]hm-N-I\pw IqSn AXv ]Wn-XXv. l÷ns‚ `mK-ambn AXn\p Np‰pw Id-ßp∂ kº-Zmbw A∂p-apX¬ Xs∂ \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-∂n-cp∂p. F∂m¬ ]n¬°m-eØv P\wA‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°pw A\m-Nm-c-ßƒ°pw ASn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AtX]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS t]mepw NnX-ßƒ AXn¬ tImdn-bn´v Ahsb Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. IA-v_-bnepw AXn\p Np‰pw \nc-h[n hnK-l-ßƒ ]Xn-jvTn®v Ahsb Bcm-[n-°m≥ XpSßn. Aßs\ GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS ]Im-i-\-ambn \S-∂p-h-∂n-cp∂ IA-v_°p Np‰p-ap≈Id°w hnK-lm-cm-[-\-bmbn ]cn-W-an®p. Cu L´-Øn-emWv ]hm-N-I-\mb apl-Ω-Zv\_n \ntbm-Kn-X-\mbn hºn® hnizm-k-hn-π-h-Øn-eqsS Ah-cpsS a\wam‰n Ah-sc-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ IA-v_-bnse hnKl-ßƒ FSp-Øp-am‰n AXns\ ip≤o-I-cn-®Xv. Aßs\ IA-v_°p Np‰pwId-ßp∂ Bcm-[-\m-k-º-Zmbw Ckvemw XpS¿∂pw \ne-\n¿Øn.F∂m¬ AXv hnK-lm-cm-[-\bv°p ]Icw GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bv°m°nam‰n. \·-cmbn \n¿h-ln-®n-cp∂ ]kvXpX I¿aw am\y-ambn hkvXw[cn®p amXta \n¿h-ln-°mhq F∂v \njvI¿jn®p. A]-ImcwAXnse F√m Xn∑-Ifpw tæO-X-Ifpw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v AXns\ip≤o-Icn®p.

aX-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw tkmX v auen-I-ambn H∂pw AXv ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Bcm-[-\-I-fnepw A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn-ep-sa√mwkam-\X Is≠-ØpI kzm`m-hn-I-amWv. C¥y-bn-te°v IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿ØBcy-∑m¿ C_vdmlow ]hm-N-Is‚ A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ]n≥ap-d-°m-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂ Nne Ncn-X-K-th-j-I-cpsS \nK-a\w ChnsS ]tXyI]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ C_vdmlow \_n-bn-eqsS \S∏m-°-s∏´ Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-Øns‚ cq]-]-cn-Wm-a-Øn-\n-S-bmb A\p-jvTm-\-am-bn-cn°mw ChnsS \ne-\n-∂p-h-cp∂ t£X-]-Z-£nWw. GXmbm-epw ssZhsØ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°m≥ ]Xn-a-Ifpw ]Xn-jvT-Ifpw hnK-l-ßfpw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw Ahsb Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw A-Xns‚ `mK-ambn Ah ÿm]n® `h-\-ßsf Np‰p-∂-Xn-s\bpw CkvemwA\p-Iq-en-°p-∂n-s√∂p amX-a√; i‡-ambn hne-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fnse kam-\X aX-ß-fpsS tkmX- ns\

149kvt\l-kw-hmZw

kw_-‘n® kXy-k-‘hpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-hp-amb At\z-j-W-Øn\pwAXp-hgn aX-]-c-amb GIX Is≠-Øm\pw ssIh-cn-°m\pw Ign-™m¬AXv AXn-a-l-Ømb t\´-am-bn-cn°pw. AØ-c-sam-c-t\z-j-W-Øn\pw]T-\-Øn\pw Cu N¿® ]tNm-Z-I-am-sb-¶n¬!

Ccp-]-Ø©v

hn[n-hn-izmkwùXn-I-hm-Z-Ønepw Ckvem-anepw

""ssZhw k¿h-i-‡\pw k¿h-⁄-\p-am-Wt√m. F¶n¬ temI-Ønsea\p-jy-sc√mw F∆n-[-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Fß-s\-bmWv Pohn-°p-I-sb∂pw ssZh-Øn\v ap≥Iqń Adn-bnt√? Znhy-⁄m-\-Øn\v sX‰p-]-‰m-\n-S-bn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ F√mw ap≥Iqń ssZhw Xocp-am-\n®p h®n-´p-s≠∂pw AXn-sem´pw am‰w hcp-Øm-\m¿°pw km[y-a-s√-∂p-at√ CXn-\¿Yw? ssZh-hn-[n-°-\p-kr-X-ambn Ncn-°p∂ a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw Akz-X-¥-\t√? ]ns∂, \n¿_-‘n-X-ambn sNøp∂ I¿a-ß-fpsS t]cn¬Ahs\ in£n-°p-∂Xv \oXn-bmtWm?''

aX-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw \ntj-[n-Ifpw Cu hnj-b-I-ambn \nc-¥cw kwi-b-ß-fp-∂-bn-°pI ]Xn-hmWv. AXn-\m¬ Cu hnjbw A¬]w hni-Z-ambn Xs∂ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv e-]-Z-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°p∂p.

ssZh-hn-[n-sbbpw a\p-jy-kzm-X-¥y-sØbpw kw_-‘n® Ckvem-anI ho£Ww hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv a\p-jym-h-ÿsb kw_-‘n® ùXnI k¶¬]w ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn°pw.

1. ùXn-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ A]-am-ZnXzw I¬]n® P\n-X-I-im-kvX-a-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw Akz-X-¥-\mWv. Ahs‚ hnImc hnNm-c-ßfpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw I¿a-ß-fp-sa√mw ico-c-L-S-\-bpsS krjvSn-bmWv.ssPh-h-kvXp-°ƒ cq]wsIm≈p-∂Xv Poh-tIm-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv. Ah-bv°p-≈nse tIma-tkm-ap-I-fnse Po\p-I-fn-ep≈ P\n-X-I-tIm-Up-I-fmWv Pohn-I-fpsS kz`mhw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂Xv. a\p-jys‚ ÿnXnbpwCXp-Xs∂. AXn-\m¬ Icp-Wbpw Iqc-Xbpw k¬kz-`m-hhpw Zpxkz-`m-hhpw kXvI¿a-ßfpw ZpjvI¿a-ß-fp-sa√mw P\n-XI tImUp-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn-®m-Wp-≠m-Ip-∂Xv. a\p-jys‚ ico-c-]-IrXw apX¬ hnImc hnNm-


c-ßƒ hsc Ahsb A‘-ambn A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-I-bmWv. Pohn-X-Ønse apgp-h≥ Imcy-ßfpw I¿a-ßfpw Cu hn[w P\n-X-I- tIm-Up-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-´p-s≠∂v AXp-kw-_-‘-amb imkvXwAh-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂p. Ah-bn¬\n∂v AWp-A-fhv sX‰mt\m AhsbewLn-°mt\m B¿°pw km[y-a√. AYhm a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw Xs‚ico-c-L-S-\°v hnt[-b-\mWv. akvXn-jvI-Øn-s‚bpw \mUo-hyq-l-ß-fp-sSbpw ]Zm¿Y-]-c-amb LS-\-bmWv Ahs‚ `mK-t[bw ]cn-]q¿W-ambpw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xpw \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xpw. AXn¬ B¿°pw CS-s]-Smt\m GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ ]¶p-h-ln-°mt\m km[y-a√. AXn-\m¬ B[p-\nI ùXnI P\n-X-I -im-kvX-a-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jy≥ ]Ir-Xn-hn-[n°v hnt[-b-\mWv. AXn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øp-I-S-°m-\m-Im-Ø-hn[w]q¿W-ambpw Akz-X-¥\pw. \mw icn, sX‰v, \∑, Xn∑, [¿aw,A[¿aw, hn\bw, Al-¶mcw, I\nhv, IqcX Fs∂ms° ]d-bp-∂XvPo\p-I-fnse P\n-X-I-tIm-Up-I-fpsS e-am-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-h-bmWv. imco-cn-Im-tcmKyw t]mse Xs∂-bmWv Pohn-X -hn-ip-≤nbpw. tæOX A\m-tcmKyw t]msebpw. AXn-\m¬ al¬Ir-Xy-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ Bfp-Isf hmgvØp-∂Xv imco-cn-Im-tcm-Ky-Øns‚ t]cn¬ A`n-\-µn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse A¿Y-iq-\y-asX. lo\-Ir-Xy-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ CI-gvØp-∂Xv A\m-tcm-Ky-Øns‚ t]cn¬ A]-e-]n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-sebpw.

2. Nmƒkv Um¿hns‚ ]cn-Wm-a-kn-≤m¥w apt∂m-´p-h-bv°p∂i‡-amb Hcm-i-b-amWv "]mc-º-cy-\n-baw'. AX-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jys‚kz`m-hhpw s]cp-am-‰hpw Pohn-X-co-Xn-bp-sa√mw bpKm-¥-c-ß-fn-eqsSXe-apd Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn XpS¿∂p hcp-∂-h-bmWv. ss]Xr-I-Øns‚ ]nSn-bn¬\n∂v IpX-dn-am-dm-\m¿°pw km[y-a√. a\p-jy≥ sNøp∂ \∑-bp-sSbpw Xn∑-bp-sSbpw _oP-ßƒ Xs‚ ]q¿h-]-c-º-c-bnse GtXm]]n-Xm-hn-\m¬ \nt£-]n-°-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cn°pw. Abm-fn-e-Xp-≠m-bXvap≥Km-an-I-fnse apXp-ap-Ø-—≥ \nt£-]n-®-Xns‚ êhpw. AXn-\m¬A≠n-bn¬ \n∂v amhp-≠m-hp-∂-Xp-t]mse A\n-hm-cy-ambpw ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ \n∂h ]nd-hn-sb-Sp°pw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ B¿°pw Xß-fpsS kz`m-h-co-Xn-Ifpw s]cp-am‰ kº-Zm-b-ßfpw I¿a-]-cn-]m-Sn-IfpwXocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn-semcp ]¶p-an√. F√mw Aew-L-\o-b-amb ss]Xr-I-Øn\pw ]mc-º-cy-Øn\pw hnt[-b-amWv. a\p-jy≥ Ime-Øns‚ssII-fnse Ifn-∏mh amXw.

3. Imd¬am¿Ivkpw sÛ-dnIv GwK¬kp-apƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ùXn-I -Zm¿i-\n-I-cpsS ho£-W-Øn¬, a\p-jy≥ kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-I-fp-sSbpw kmº-ØnI LS-\-bp-sSbpw kmwkvIm-cnI kml-N-cy-Øn-s‚bpwkrjvSn-bmWv. tIhe ùXnI Xe-Øn¬\n∂v Ncn-XsØ hymJym-\n-®-h¿ Cu ho£Ww ka¿Yn-°m-\mbn kam-\-amb kml-N-cy-Øn¬kaq-l-Øn¬ ImW-s∏´ hnZqc kmZr-iy-ßsf t]mepw tXSn-∏n-Sn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. a\p-jys‚ kz`m-hhpw s]cp-am-‰hpw hnIm-c- hn-Nm-c-ßfpw

151kvt\l-kw-hmZw

I¿a -k-º-Zm-b-ßfpw Pohn-X -k-ao-]-\-ß-fp-sa√mw _mly-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v Ah-c-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂p. P\-ß-fnse\∑-Xn-∑-Iƒ Ah¿ Pohn-°p∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-X-bm¬kw -hn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂ ho£-W-aw-Ko-I-cn® Cu hn`mKw icnbpw sX‰pw[¿ahpw A[¿ahpw \ymbhpw A\ym-b-hp-sams° kml-N-cy-ß-fpsSkrjvSn-bm-sW∂v hmZn-°p∂p. Chn-sSbpw hy‡n Xo¿Øpw Akz-X-¥-\mWv; kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS hn[n°v ]q¿W-hn-t[-b\pw.

aX-\n-cm-k-Øns‚ apJ-ap-Z-b-Wn™ ùXn-I -hmZw A\n-tj-[y-ambn Icp-Xp∂ D]-cyp‡ ho£-W-ß-sf√mw a\p-jy≥ Xo¿ØpwAkz-X-¥-\m-sW∂v hnfw-_cw sNøp∂p. kz¥hpw kzX-¥-hp-ambCO-tbm Xocp-am-\-ti-jntbm B¿°p-an√. ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ß-fm¬_‘n-X-\m-W-h≥. Aew-L-\o-b-amb hn[n-bpsS Cc. Chm≥]mhvtemhv FgpXp-∂p: ""]Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ as‰√m hyh-ÿ-I-sfbpwt]mse a\p-jy≥ Hcp hyh-ÿ-bmWv. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS Aew-L-\o-bhpwkmam-\y-hp-amb \nb-a-ßƒ°v a\p-jy≥ Iogvs]-ń-cn-°p∂p'' (Psy-chologic Experimental, D≤-cWw: AenPm Aen C Øv s_tKm-hn®v˛"Ckvemw cmP-am¿Kw', ]pdw 39).

sÛ-dnIv GwK¬kv ]d-bp∂p: ""a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚ ]cn-tXm-h-ÿ-bp-sSbpw tPmen-bp-sSbpw D¬]-∂-amWv''(D≤-cWw Ibid, ]pdw 39).

a\p-jy-s\m-gn-®p≈ Poh-Pm-e-ßsf kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw CsX-√mw icn-bmWv. F∂m¬ a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw Akz-X-¥t\m ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ß-fm¬ _‘n-Xt\m A√.

1. ]£n-Ifpw arK-ßfpw Cg-Po-hn-Ifpw Pe-Po-hn-I-fp-sa√mw Ah-bpsS P∑-hm-k-\-Iƒ°-\p-kr-X-am-bmWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv. AhsbewLn-°mt\m adn-I-S-°mt\m Ahbv°v km[y-a√. P∑-hm-k-\-I-fpsSImcy-Øn¬ a\p-jy-t\-°mƒ anI-®p-\n¬°p∂ \nc-h[n Poh-Pm-e-ß-fp≠v. B P∑-hm-k-\-I-fmWv Ah-bpsS \ne-\n¬]pw kpc-£bpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂Xv. F∂m¬ P∑-hm-k-\-Iƒ \nb-¥n-°m-\-h-bv°m-hn√.hni-∂p-h-e™ ]ip-hn\v ]p√v Inń-bm¬ Xn∂m-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a√.Zmln®p hnh-i-bmb ]ń°v sh≈w Inń-bm¬ IpSn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn√. sImØm≥ hcp∂ tImgn-bpsS apºn-e-I-s∏´ ]qh≥ tImgn £an-°p-Itbm am∏p ]d-bp-Itbm sNøm-dn√. tX\o-®°v \n¿Wn-X-amb cq]-Øn-e-√msX AXns‚ IqSv \n¿an-°m-\m-hn√. tZim-S-\-]-£nIƒ°v hnZq-c-tZ-i-ßsf ]m]n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a√. F∂m¬ a\p-jys‚ ÿnXnadn-®mWv. ITn-\-amb Zml-ap-≈-t∏mƒ sh≈w Inń-bm¬ IpSn-°m≥sImXn-bp-s≠-¶nepw IpSn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\-h\v Ignbpw. AXn-i-‡-ambhni-∏p-≈-t∏mƒ Blmcw Inń-bm¬ AXv Ign-°m-\m-K-l-ap-s≠-¶nepwXn∂m-Xn-cn-°m-\-h\v km[n°pw. "FSm' F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-h-t\mSv "t]mSm'F∂p ]d-bm≥ ]qXn-bp-s≠-¶nepw ]Xn-tbm-Knsb t]Snt®m B¿Pn-X-amb kwkvImcw sImt≠m Aßs\ ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m-\-h\v H´pw ]bm-


k-an√. kz¥w Pohn-X-coXn \n¿W-bn-°m\pw Xocp-am-\n-°m-\p-a-h\vkm[n°pw. aln-X-amb BZ¿i-ßƒ°mbn Bflm¿∏Ww \S-Øp∂hnπ-h-Imcn XnI™ COm-i‡n sIm≠m-WXv sNøp-∂Xv. taml-ßsfsacp-°n-sb-Sp-°m\pw BK-l-ßsf \nb-¥n-°m\pw CO-I-fpsS ta¬ta[m-hnXzw ]pe¿Øm\pw km[n-°p∂ a\p-jy≥ P∑-hm-k-\-I-fpsSASn-a-b√; Ah-bpsS bP-am-\-\mWv. ico-c-L-S-\-bp-sStbm ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚tbm kml-N-cy-Øn-s‚tbm krjvSn-bp-a√. adn®v, kz¥w `mK-t[bw Xocp-am-\n-°m≥ km[n-°p∂ kzX-¥-amb AkvXn-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw hy‡n-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw DS-a-bmWv.

2. \n¿_-‘n-X-ambn sNøp∂ I¿a-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ Bcpw hmgvØ-s∏-Sp-Itbm CI-gvØ-s∏-Sp-Itbm C√. kΩm-\m¿lt\m in£m¿lt\mBhp-I-bn√. bP-am-\s‚ \n¿_-‘-Øn\p hgßn tamjWw \S-Øp∂ASn-atbm hgn-bm-X-°msc Is√-dn-bp∂ at\m-tcm-Kntbm Ip‰-°m-c-\mbnKWn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn√. F∂m¬ a‰m-sc-¶n-ep-aXv sNbvXm¬ ]m]w Npa-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw in£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn-\m¬ qan-bn¬ ]iw-kbpw Bt£-]hpw in£bpw c£-bp-sams° \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂XvXs∂ a\p-jy≥ \n¿_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿ-bm¬ _‘n-X-\-s√-∂-Xn\pw H-s´ms° kzX-¥-\m-sW-∂-Xn\pw aXn-bmb sXfn-hmWv. Ah≥ Xo¿-Øpw Akz-X-¥\pw ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ß-fm¬ hcn-™p-ap-dp-°-s∏-´-h-\p-am-sW-¶n¬ lo\-Ir-Xy-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ Bt£-]n-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm in£n-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn-e¿Y-an√. al¬Ir-Xy-ß-fpsS t]cn-ep≈]iw-kbpw ]Xn-êw \¬Iepw B hn[w Xs∂.

3. ùXn-I- hm-Zn-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p∂ t]mse a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw ]-Ir-Xn-bpsS hn[n°p hnt[-b-s\-¶n¬ \nb-a-ßƒ°pw hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°pwN´-ßƒ°pw Nn´-Iƒ°pw H´pw ]k‡n C√. akvXn-jvI-Øn-sebpw\mUo-hyq-l-Øn-sebpw Po\p-I-fnse P\n-XI tImUp-Iƒ°pw ]mc-º-cy-Øn\pw kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-°p-sam-Ø-h≥ Ncn-®p-sIm-≈p-at√m.F∂m¬ \nb-ahpw hyh-ÿbpw `c-W-L-S-\bpw \oXn-\ymb kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-an-√mØ kaq-l-ßtfm cmjvS-ßtfm C√. a\p-jy\v ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX-¥y-sa-¶n-ep-ap-s≠∂pw kz¥w I¿a-ßƒ°v Hmtcm-cp-ØcpwDØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-sW∂pw ]tbm-K-X-e-Øn¬ F√m-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂m-WnXv hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, GXp aX-hn-izm-kn-tb-°mfpw ISpØ hn[n-hn-izm-kn-I-fmWv uXn-I -hm-Zn-Iƒ. AtXm-sSm∏w ]IrXn \nb-a-ß-fpsS ]nSn-bn¬ \n∂v IpX-dn-am-dm-\m-hmsX Xo¿Øpw Akz-X-¥-\mbn Ign-bp∂b¥-k-am-\-amb P¥p-hmWv a\p-jy-s\∂ Ah-cpsS ho£Ww hkvXp-\n-jvT-a√. CXc Poh-Pm-e-ß-fn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb AkvXn-Xzhpwhy‡n-Xzhpw Ah\v AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°mØ GXp Z¿i-\hpw ]Xy-b -im-kvXhpw A_-≤-]q¿W-asX.

hn[n-hn-izmkw Ckvem-anI ho£-W-Øn¬

153kvt\l-kw-hmZw

\mw Bcm-bn-cn-°Ww? shfp-Ø-htcm, kpµ-ctcm, hncq-]tcm, ]pcp-j-∑mtcm, kvXoItfm, Ipdn-b-htcm, \o≠-htcm? FhnsS P\n-°Ww?C¥y-bntem Ct¥m-t\-jy-bntem? acp- q-an-bntem ae-º-tZ-itØm? ]ń-Wn-°m-cs‚ Iqc-bntem ]W-°m-cs‚ sIm´m-c-Øntem? GIm-[n-]Xyhyh-ÿ-bntem P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\-Øntem? Ime-ta-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww?]Xn-s\m∂mw \q‰m-≠ntem Ccp-]-sØm∂mw \q‰m-≠ntem?

h¿Kw, h¿Ww, tZiw, mj, Imew, tImew, Ipew, enwKw t]mep≈CØcw Imcy-ß-sfm∂pw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv \mam-cp-a√. \tΩmSvBtem-Nn-°m-sX-bmWv F√mw \n›-bn-°-s∏-´Xv. A]-Imcw Xs∂-bmWv \ΩpsS ac-Whpw. AsX-t∏mƒ, Fhn-sS-h®v Fß-s\-bm-h-W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xpw \ma√, F√mw ssZh-\n-›nXw. Ahs‚hn[ntbm, \n¿WnXw; Aew-L-\o-bhpw. CØcw Imcy-ß-fn-sem-s°bpw \mw ssZh-Øns‚ hn[n-\n-tj-[-ßƒ°v \n∂p-sIm-Sp-°m≥\n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv. \ΩpsS BK-lm-`n-em-j-ßfpw CO-Ifpw shdpwt\m°p-Ip-Øn-Iƒ amXw. A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p: ""K¿`m-i-b-ß-fn¬Xm\p-t±-in-°p-∂-hn[w \nßsf cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv A√m-lp-hmWv. AP-ø\pw bp‡n-⁄-\p-amb Ah-\-√msX ssZh-an√''(Jp¿-B≥ 3: 6).""Ah≥ \nßsf krjvSn®p. ]n∂oSv cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp''(7:11). ""a\pjym, DZm-c-\mb \ns‚ \mY-s\-°p-dn®v \ns∂ h©n-X-\m-°n-bXv Fs¥m-∂mWv? D±n-jvS-cq-]-Øn¬ \ns‚ LS-I-ß-f-h≥ Iqń-bn-W°n. k¥p-en-X-amb BIm-c-h-Snhv \¬In \ns∂ krjvSn® \ns‚\mY-\m-W-h≥''(82: 6-˛8).

]pcp-js‚ GXp _oP-amWv kvXobpsS Afi-hp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-°p-∂-sX∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy-\√, ssZh-amWv. kwtbm-Pn-°p∂ _oP-Øns‚ am‰-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jys‚ ]Ir-X-Ønepw cq]-Ønepw kz`m-h-Øn-ep-sa√mw hyXymkw kw`-hn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-dn-bp-tºm-gmWv ssZh-\n-›-b-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw a\- n-em-hpI. A√mlp tNmZn-°p∂p: ""\nßƒ \nt£-]n-°p∂ _oP-sØ-°p-dn®v \nßƒ Nn¥n-®p-t\m-°n-bn-´pt≠m? \nß-fmtWm AXns\ krjvSn-°p-∂Xv; AtXm\mtam?''(56: 58, 59).

e£-°-W-°n¬ ]pcp-j-_o-P-ß-fn¬ A√mlp X\n-°n-jvS-ap≈H∂ns\ K¿`m-i-b-Ønse Afi-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂p. AXns‚kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn®v Ip™v BtWm s]tÆm Bbn-Øo-cp∂p. A√mlpAdn-bn-°p∂p: ""BIm-i-ß-fpsS B[n-]Xyw A√m-lp-hn-∂mWv. Xm\p-t±-in-°p-∂Xv Ah≥ krjvSn-°p∂p. Xm\p-t±-in-°p-∂-h¿°v Ah≥s]ä-°sf ]Zm\w sNøp∂p. Xm\p-t±-in-°p∂ a‰p Nne¿°v Bä-°-sfbpw. As√-¶n¬ B k¥m-\-ßsf BWpw s]Æp-ambn CS-I-e¿Øp∂p. A]-Imcw Xs∂ Xm\p-t±-in-°p-∂-hs\ Ah≥ k¥m-\-c-ln-X-\m-°p∂p. Ah≥ AKm-[-⁄\pw k¿h-⁄-\p-asX.''(42: 49,50).""A√mlp Ahs\ _oP-Øn¬ \n∂v krjvSn-°p-Ibpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-


Ibpw sNbvXp''(80:19).a\p-jys‚ `mK-t[bw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-]-›m-

Ø-e-Øn\pw IpSpw-_-]m-c-º-cy-Øn\pw imco-cnI ]Ir-X-Øn\pwA\¬]-amb ]¶p≠v. B A¿Y-Øn¬ \ΩpsS `mK-t[bw \n¿Wn-X-asX; ssZh-\n-›n-Xhpw. ssZh-ln-XsØ adn-I-S-°m-\m¿°p-am-hn√.A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""\nß-sfbpw \nßƒ D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw krjvSn-®Xv A√m-lp-hm-Ip∂p''(37: 96). ""A√mlp Xm\n-On-°p-∂-hsc Zp¿am¿K-Ønepw Xm\n-On-°p-∂-hsc t\¿am¿K-Øn-ep-am-°p∂p'' (6: 39).""A√mlp hgn-sX-‰n-®-hsc t\¿h-gn-bn-em-°m≥ \nßƒ Dt±-in-°p-∂pthm? Bsc A√mlp hgnsX‰n-®pthm Ah\v \o Hcp hgnbpwIs≠-Øp-I-bn√''(4: 88). ""\ns‚ \mY≥ Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ `qX-e-Øn-ep-≈-h¿ apgps° hnizm-kn-I-fmIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n´pw P\-ßsf hnizm-kn-I-fm-°m≥ \o \n¿_-‘n-°p-I-bmtWm? F∂m¬ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-a-Xn-bn-√msX B¿°pw hnizm-kn-bm-hpI km[y-a√''(10: 99). ""Ahn-iz-kn-®-htcm, bYm¿Y-Øn¬ \o Ahsc Xm°oXpsNøp-∂Xpw sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw ka-amWv. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßfpwih-tW-µn-b-ßfpw A√mlp apZ-h-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-I-fpsS ta¬ Bh-cWw hoWn-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿°v ITn-\-amb in£-bp≠v''(2: 6-˛7). ""`qan-bntem, \nßƒ°p-X-s∂tbm `hn-°p∂ Hcm-]-Øp-an√, \maXv krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv Hcp KŸ-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-h-®n-´-√msX. A∆n[w sNøpI A√m-lp-hn\v AXn-e-fn-X-am-Ip∂p''(57: 22).

F∂m¬ F√mw ssZh-\n-›-b-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv kw`-hn-°p-I-sb∂v]Jym-]n-°p∂ hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥ a\p-jy\p \¬I-s∏´ kzmX-¥ysØFSpØp ImWn-°p-Ibpw Du∂n-∏-d-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. P∑\m Xs∂a\p-jy-\n¬ \∑˛Xn∑m-hn-th-N-\-tijn \nt£-]n-°-s∏- n- p≠v. A√mlp]d-bp∂p: ""A√mlp Bflm-hns\ k¥p-en-X-am°n AXn\v [¿am-[¿a-t_m-[\w \¬In''(91: 7,8). ""\ma-h\v IÆn-W-Ifpw \mhpw c≠p Np≠p-Ifpw \¬In-bnt√? hy‡-amb c≠p hgn-Iƒ ImWn®p sImSp-°p-IbpwsNbvXn-√tbm''? (90: 8-˛10).

AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy¿s°√mw \∑bpw Xn∑bpw sX‰pw icnbpw[¿ahpw A[¿ahpw sXc-s™-SpØv k∑m¿Knbpw Zp¿am¿Kn-bp-am-Im-\p≈ kzmX-¥y-ap≠v. A∆n[w kzbw Xocp-am-\n®v Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-ap≈ c£m-in-£-Iƒ. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥]d-bp∂p: ""B¿ k∑m¿Kw kzoI-cn-°p-∂pthm, AXv Ahs‚ Xs∂KpW-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv. B¿ Zp¿am¿K-a-h-ew-_n-°p-∂pthm AXns‚tZmjhpw Ah-\p-Xs∂. `mcw hln-°p-∂-h-cmcpw a‰m-cp-sSbpw `mcwNpa-°p-I-bn√''(17:15). ""aX-Øn¬ Hcp-hn[ _e-]-tbm-K-hp-an√. k∑m¿KwanYym-[m-c-W-I-fn¬\n∂v th¿Xn-cn™v hy‡-ambn°gn-™n-cn-°p∂p.AXn-\m¬ B¿ ssZth-Xc i‡n-Isf \ntj-[n®v A√m-lp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂pthm Ah≥ _en-jvT-amb Ah-ew-_-]m-isØ apdpsI ]nSn-

155kvt\l-kw-hmZw

®n-cn-°p∂p. AXv Hcn-°epw A‰p-t]m-Ip-∂-X√''(2: 256). ""]d-bpI,CXv \ns‚ \mY-\n¬\n-∂p≈ kXy-amWv. CjvS-ap-≈-h¿°nXv kzoI-cn°mw. CjvS-ap-≈-h¿°v \ntj-[n°mw. AI-an-Iƒ°v \mw \cIwk÷-am-°n-h-®n-´p≠v''(18: 29). ""Hcp P\-X-sbbpw Ah¿ kzbw am‰p-∂-Xp-hsc A√mlp ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-∂n√.''(13: 11). ""B¿ sX‰v sNøp-∂pthm Ah-\-Xns‚ ê-a-\p-`-hn°pw''(4: 123). ""Hmtcm hy‡nbpwXs‚ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p''(52:21). ""C∂v \nßƒ]h¿Øn-®-Xn\v ]Xn-êw \¬I-s∏Spw''(45: 28). ""\nßƒ ]h¿Øn-®-X-√msX \nßƒ°v ]Icw \¬I-s∏-Sptam?''(27: 90). ""\ns‚ \mY≥Zmk≥am-tcmSv Hcn-°epw AIaw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-X√'' (41: 46). ""P\-ß-fpsS Ic-ßƒ ]h¿Øn-®-Xns‚ ê-ambn Ic-bnepw IS-enepwIpg∏w ]Xy-£-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p'' (30: 41). ""\nßƒ°v h√ hn]Øpwkw`-hn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv \nß-fpsS Ic-ßƒ ]h¿Øn-®-Xns‚ ê-amWv''(42: 30). ""\n›bw, A√mlp a\p-jy-tcmSv H´pw AIaw]h¿Øn-°p-∂n√. ]XypX, a\p-jy¿ kzbw Xs∂ AIaw ]h¿Øn-°p-I-bmWv''(10: 44). ""h√-h\pw t\¿hgn kzoI-cn-®m¬ Ah≥ X\n-°p-th≠n Xs∂-bmWv k∑m¿Kw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv'' (10:108). ""Hcp \mSn-s\bpw AXnse \nhm-kn-Iƒ AI-an-I-fm-sb-¶n-e-√msX \mw \in-∏n-°p-∂n√''(28: 59). ""B¿ \ap-°p-th≠n ITn-\m-[zm\w sNøp-∂pthmAh¿°p \mw \ΩpsS am¿K-ßƒ ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp°pw'' (29: 69).""Fs‚ DZvt_m-[-\-Øn¬\n∂v apJw Xncn-°p-∂-Xm-cmtWm Ah\vCu temIØv IpSp- mb Pohn-X-am-Wp-≈Xv. ]p\-cp-∞m-\- \m-fntem,Ahs\ \mw A‘-\mbn Fgp-t∂¬]n°pw. A-t∏mƒ Ah≥ ]dbpw:\mYm, \o Fs∂ A‘-\mbn Fgp-t∂¬]n-®-sX¥v? `qan-bn¬ Rm≥ImgvN-bp-≈-h-\m-bn-cp-∂t√m. A√mlp Acpƒ sNøpw: icn-bmWv,\ΩpsS ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ \ns‚-b-Sp-°¬ h∂-t∏mƒ \o Ahsb ad-∂t√m. AtX-hn[w C∂v \obpw hnkva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Ip∂p. C]-Im-c-asX Xß-fpsS \mYs‚ kq‡-ß-fw-Ko-I-cn-°msX AXn-cp-I-hn-™-h¿°v \mw Cu temIØv ]Xn-êw \¬Ip-∂Xv. ]c-tem-I- in-£tbmAXn-I-Tn-\hpw Gsd Zo¿L-hp-asX''(20: 124-˛127). ""`mcw Npa-°p∂Bcpw as‰m-cp-hs‚ `mcw t]dp-I-bn√. a\p-jy\v Xm≥ ]b-Xv\n-®-X-√msX bmsXm-∂p-an-√. Xm≥ ]b-Xv\n-®Xv Xma-kn-bmsX Ah\v ImWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv. A\-¥cw Ah\v XnI-thmsS ]Xn-êw \¬I-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw''(53: 38-˛41). ""B¿ AWp-a-Wn-Øq°w \∑ sNbvXpthmAh-\Xv Is≠-ØpI Xs∂ sNøpw. B¿ AWp-a-Wn-Øq°w Xn∑sNbvtXm Ah-\p-aXv Is≠-Øpw''(99: 7,8).

Ckvem-anI ho£-W-Øn¬ a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw Akz-X-¥t\mtIhew hn[n-bpsS ssIbnse ]mhtbm D]-I-c-Wtam As√∂v ChnsSD≤-cn-®-hbpw AXp-t]m-ep-≈-h-bp-amb \nc-h[n hnip-≤ -hm-Iy-ßƒAk-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p∂p. Xs‚ Pohn-X- am¿Kw Xocp-am-\n-°m\pwsXc-s™-Sp-°m\pw Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw A\p-hm-Zhpw kzmX-¥yhpw


\¬I-s∏-ń-´p≠v. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn\v c≠p hi-ap≠v. \mSv,Xd-hmSv, tZiw, `mj, Imew, tImew, enwKw, P\\w, acWw t]mep-≈-h-sb√mw Ahs‚ \nb-¥-W-Øntem ]cn-[n-bntem A√. CXmWv Hcp-hiw. adp-h-iØv Xm≥ F¥v IpSn-°Ww, IpSn-°-cpXv, Xn∂Ww, Xn∂-cpXv, F¥v ImWWw, ImW-cpXv, tIƒ°Ww, tIƒ°-cpXv, F¥v ]d-bWw, ]d-b-cpXv, F¥v sNøWw, F¥v sNø-cpXv, Fßs\ Pohn-°Ww, Pohn-°-cpXv XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßƒ Xocp-am-\n-°m\pw AX-\p-k-cn®v Ncn-°m\pw a\p-jy\v _m[y-Xbpw kzmX-¥y-hp-ap≠v. F∂m¬Cu kzmX¥yw A]-cn-an-Xtam Xo¿Øpw A\n-b-¥n-Xtam A√. AXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ IÆpw ImXpw \m°pw aq°pw ssIbpw Imepw ico-chpw Poh\pw ]q¿W-ambpw a\p-jy-\n-b-¥-W-Øn-e-√t√m. Ah-sbm-s°bpw ssZhm-[o-\-Ønepw \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep-amWv. AtXm-sSm∏wAh CjvSm-\p-krXw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ km[y-Xbpw kzmX-¥yhpwa\p-jy\v ssZhw Xs∂ \¬In-bn-´p≠v. C∆n[w e`y-amb kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ tXmX-\p-k-cn-®mWv a\p-jys‚ ta¬ _m[yX Npa-Ø-s∏-ń-´p-≈Xv. AYhm Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw X\n°v kzmX¥yw e`n® taJ-esb F∆n[w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw PohnXhnP-bhpw ]cm-P-bhpw c£bpw in£-bp-ap-≠m-IpI. Cu kzmX¥ywInńb hi-ß-fn¬ kzbw kzoI-cn-°m\pw \S-∏m-°m-\p-ap≈ Pohn-X -]-≤-Xn-bmWv ssZhw ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eqsS \¬In-bXv. D≈ km[y-Xbpw kzmX-¥yhpw D]-tbm-Kn®v AX-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h¿ hnP-bn-I-fmbn kz¿Km-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-Øocpw. AXns\ [n°-cn®pw \ntj-[n®pw Xmt¥m-∂n-I-fmbn Pohn-°p-∂-h¿ ]cm-Pn-X-cmbn \c-I-in-£°vA¿l-cm-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. k∑m¿Kw kzoI-cn®v \√-h-cmbn Pohn-°m≥Xocp-am-\n®v AXn-\mbn ian-°p∂ Bscbpw A√mlp \n¿_-‘n®vZp¿am¿Kn-I-fm-°p-I-bn√. adn®pw A∆n[w Xs∂.

a\p-jy\v \¬I-s∏´ kzmX-¥y-Øn\pw km[y-X-°p-a-∏p-d-samcpImcyhpw ssZhw Ah-t\m-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-Itbm B⁄m-]n-°p-ItbmsNøp-∂n√. A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p: ""A√mlp BtcmSpw Ahs‚ Ign-hn-∂-Xo-X-am-bXv Iev]n-°p-I-bn√. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ]h¿Øn-®-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ c£bpw in£bpw Ah¿°p≠v''(2: 286).

AXn-\m¬ ssZhw BtcmSpw A\oXn ImWn-°p-∂n√. ""\ns‚\mY≥ Xs‚ Zmk-∑m-tcmSv H´pw A\oXn ImWn-°p-∂-h-\√''(41: 46).

a\p-jys‚ Xocp-am-\-ßfpw I¿a-ßfpw ssZh-Øns‚ Adn-hn\pwhn[n°pw hnt[-b-at√? a\p-jy-kzm-X-¥y-sØbpw ssZh-\n-›-b-sØbpw _‘n-∏n-°p∂ IÆn GXv? Fßs\? XpS-ßnb tNmZy-ß-fp-∂-bn-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-XmWv. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-\n-hnsS Xs‚ ]cn-[nbpw ]cn-an-Xnbpw \∂mbn a\- n-em-°pI Xs∂ thWw. A\-¥- hn-kvXr-X-amb Cu alm-]-]-©-Ønse Hcp sIm®p tKmf-amWv `qan. AXnse]c-tImSn krjvSn-I-fn-sem∂p amX-amWv a\p-jy≥. Ah-\n-t∂mfwkz¥-sØ-°p-dn-®p-t]mepw ]q¿Whpw IWn-i-hp-ambn a\- n-em-°m≥

157kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Ign-™n-ń√. Poh≥, _p≤n, Hm¿ai‡n, Bflmhv XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-°p-dn-s®m∂pw kq£vahpw Jfin-X-hp-amb Adnhv B¿°p-an√. Xm≥Pohn-°p∂ `qan-sbbpw AXpƒs°m-≈p∂ ]]-©-sØbpw kw_-‘n® Adnthm, \s∂ ]cn-an-Xhpw. B hn⁄m-\ -km-am-PysØkap-Z-tØmSv Xpe\w sNbvXm¬ AXnse Hcp Xp≈n-t]mepw kzmb-Ø-am-°m≥ a\p-jy-\n-t∂mfw km[n-®n-ń√. \ΩpsS Adn-hns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-bm-Wn-Xn\p ImcWw. AXn-\m¬ \mw ]]-©-Øns‚ kjvSm-hmb ssZh-sØbpw Ahs‚ I¿a-ß-sfbpw kw_-‘n®v Adn-b-W-sa∂v iTn-°p-∂-Xn-sem´pw A¿Y-an√. ssZh-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√mw]t©-µn-b-ßƒ°pw Ah-bpsS ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°pw hnt[-b-amb a\p-jy-_p-≤n°pw Nn¥°pw A]m-]y-amb Aù-Xn-I- ⁄m-\-Øn¬s]-´-h-bmWv. A√mlp Xs‚ ZqX-∑m-cn-eqsS Adn-bn®p sImSp-Ø-Xn-\-∏pdw AXn-s\-°p-dn®v B¿°pw H∂p-a-dn-bn√. AXn-\m¬ ssZh-hn-[n-sb-°p-dn®v Znhy-t_m-[-\-ß-fn-eqsS e`y-am-b-X-√msX a\- n-em-°m≥\ap°v km[y-a√. thZ-K-Ÿ-Øn-eqsS e`y-amb ⁄m\-a-\p-k-cn®vssZh-hn-[nbpw ⁄m\hpw ]]-©-sØbpw AXn-ep≈ kI-e-Xn-s\bpw Nqgv∂p\n¬°p∂p. a\p-jy\pw AXn-∂-Xo-X-\√. AtX-k-abw kzbw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m\pw AX-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°m\pw Ah\vkzmX-¥yhpw km[yXbpw \¬I-s∏-ń-´p≠v. AXv A]-cn-an-XtamA\n-b-¥n-Xtam A√. kzmX¥yw e`n® taJ-e-I-fn¬ ssZhsØA\p-k-cn®v Ah≥ \n›-bn® Pohn-X-]mX ]n¥p-S-c-W-sa∂v A√mlpA\p-im-kn-®n-cn-°p∂p. Aßs\ sNøp-∂-h¿°v Pohn-X-hn-P-bhpw ]c-tem-I-c-£bpw hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-´p-ap≠v. ssZhsØ [n°-cn-°m-\p≈km[y-Xbpw kzmX-¥yhpw a\p-jy\v \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p. Aßs\sNøp-∂-h¿°v ]cm-P-bhpw ]c-tem-IØv ISpØ in£-bp-am-Wp-≠m-hp-I-sb∂v Xm°oXv \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬,Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \¬I-s∏´ Ign-hn-s‚bpw kzmX-¥y-Øn-s‚-bpwtXmX-\p-k-cn-®mWv Ah-c-h-cpsS _m[yX. AXns‚ \n¿h-l-W-Øn-s‚bpw ewL-\-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw ac-Wm-\-¥cwadp-tem-IsØ c£m˛in£-Iƒ. AXn-\m¬ \ΩpsS kz¿Khpw \c-Ihpw t\Sp-∂Xv \mw Xs∂-bmWv. kz¥w Xocp-am-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpwI¿a-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw c≠n-sem-∂ns‚ Ah-Im-in-bm-bn-Øo-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬ Bcpw Xosc A\o-Xn-°n-c-bm-hp-∂n√. kXyw Ihn-hmIyw Xs∂:

"\an-°n-ep-bcmw, \Sp-In¬ Xn∂mw\¬Ip-In¬ t\SnSmw\ap-°p-\mta ]Wn-h-Xp-\mIw\c-I-hp-a-Xp-t]mse.'

hn[n-hn-izm-khpw a\x-im-¥nbpw

I¿a-ßƒ°v Ah-bn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ e£yw h® êw Xs∂D≠m-h-W-sa-∂n√. em`-a-`n-e-jn®v hym]m-c-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ \jvSw


kln-t°-≠n-h-cp∂p. hcp-am\w ]Xo-£n®v hb-te-e-I-fn¬ thesNøp-∂-h¿ hnf-\-jvS-Øn-∂n-c-bm-hp∂p. \mw \ΩpsS Adn-hn-s‚bpw]cn-N-b-Øn-s‚bpw Ign-hn-s‚bpw ]cn-an-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v Imcy-ßƒ IW-°p-Iqń AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v ]h¿Øn-°p∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ\ΩpsS kz]v\-ßfpw k¶¬]-ßfpw \nan-j-t\-cw-sIm≠v \new-s]m-Øp∂p. A]-Xo-£n-X-amb BLm-X-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂p. F¶nepw AØcw hn]-’m-[y-X-Iƒ Bscbpw \njvIn-b-cm-°m-dn√. B°m-hp-∂-Xp-a√. hnP-bhpw t\´hpw ]Xo-£n®v I¿a-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sm-dmWv ]Xn-hv. taml-ß-sfm-s°bpw ]qh-Wn-bm-dn-s√-∂-Xp-sIm≠p amXw Bcpw H-∂pw BK-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°m-dn√. a\p-jy≥sImXn-®-X√ In´pI; ssZhw hn[n-®-XmWv.

""BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS Xmt°m¬ A√m-lp-hn¬ \n£n-]vX-asX!Ah-\n-On-°p-∂-h¿°v Ah≥ hn`-h-k-ar≤n \¬Ip∂p. COn-°p-∂-h¿°v ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. \n›bw, F√mwAdn-bp-∂-h-\sX Ah≥''(Jp¿-B≥ 42: 12).

""\nßƒ Nn¥n-°p-∂nt√? \nßƒ hnXbv-°p∂ hnØv, AXn¬ \n-∂v hnf apf-∏n-°p-∂Xv \nßtfm? AtXm \mtam? \mw COn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cu hnf-Isf DW-ßnb Xmfp-I-fm-°pI Xs∂ sNøpw! A-t∏mtgm \nßƒ ]eXpw ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw. \ΩpsS ta¬ ISwIpSp-ßn-bt√m, \mw \n¿`m-Ky-hm-∑m-cm-bn-t∏m-bt√m F∂n-ßs\''(56:63-˛67).

\ΩpsS acWw Fhn-sS-h®v; Fßs\ F∂v B¿°p-a-dn-bn√. F√mwAew-L-\o-b-amb ssZh-hn-[n°p hnt[bw. AXns\ Xń-am-‰m-\m¿°pwkm[y-a√. Bbp- ns‚ lkz˛ssZ¿Ly-X-sbm-s°bpw A√m-lp-hns‚Xocp-am-\-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv.

""Bcpw Adn-bp-∂n√; \msf Xm≥ Fs¥ms° t\Sp-sa∂v; GXpaÆn-emWv Xs‚ ac-W-sa-∂-dn-bp-∂-h-cp-an√''(31: 34).

""Poh-\p-≈-h-bvs°m∂pw ssZh-ln-X-at\y acn-°pI km[y-a√. ac-W-k-a-b-am-Is´ enJn-Xhpw''(31: 145). ""bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Pohn-∏n-°p-Ibpwacn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv A√mlp amX-am-Ip∂p''(3: 156). ""ac-W-am-Is´, \nßƒ Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw AXv \nßsf ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-Xs∂sNøpw. \nßƒ FX `Z-amb tIm´-I-fn-em-bn-cp-∂mepw''(4: 78).

a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ønse \∑˛Xn∑-Iƒ, k∑m¿K˛Zp¿am¿K-ßƒ, Pbm-]-N-b-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-t]m-se-Øs∂ ùXnI Pohn-X-Ønse Imcy-ßfpw ssZh-hn-[n°p hnt[-b-amWv. AtXm-sSm∏w ssZh-hn-[n-bp-s≠-¶n¬ Blmcw e`n-®p-sIm-≈p-sa∂p IcpXn Bcpw A[zm-\n-°msXAS-ßn-sbm-Xp-ßn-°-gn-bm-dn√. ssZh-ln-X-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv ac-W-ap-≠m-hp-I-sb-∂-Xn-\m¬ tcmK-am-Ip-tºmƒ ssZth-O-bp-s≠-¶n¬ kpJ-am-bn-s°m-≈p-sa∂v kam-[m-\n®v NnIn’ \S-Øm-Xn-cn-°m-dp-an√. Imcy-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-cmcpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ `mK-t[bw hn[n°v hn´p-sIm-SpØv Be-

159kvt\l-kw-hmZw

ky-Øn¬ Ba-·-cm-hp-I-bn√. icn-bmb ]mX ]c-Xn-sb-SpØv AXn-eqsS Pohn-X-]p-tcm-K-Xn°pw e£y-]m-]vXn°pw ]c-am-h[n ]b-Xv\n-°m-dmWv ]Xnhv. aX-a-\p-im-kn-°p-∂Xpw AXp-Xs∂. ssZh-hn[n ]pe-cpI a\p-jy-I¿a-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wt√m.

""F√m-h¿°pw Xß-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-amb ]Z-hn-Iƒe`n°pw. Ah-cpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ A√mlp Ah¿°v ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-s°m-Sp°pw. Ah-tcmSv A\oXn ImWn-°p-I-bn√''(46: 19). ""k¬°¿awsNøpI. \mw \nßƒ sNøp-∂-sXm-s°bpw ImWp-∂-h-\t√m''(34: 11).

]hm-N-I≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""\nßƒ ]`m-X-]m¿Y\ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bm¬Blm-c-Øn-\mbn A[zm-\n-°msX Dd-ß-cpXv''(Xz_v-dm\n). ""temIm-h-km\w Bk-∂-amb L´-Øn¬t]mepw \nß-fn-em-cp-sS-sb-¶n-ep-a-Sp-°¬ Hcp Cu¥-∏-\ssØ Ds≠-¶n¬ Ah-\Xv \´p-sIm-≈s´. Ah-∂-Xn¬ ]Xn-^-e-ap≠v.''

Hcn-°¬ \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n c≠p-t]¿ XΩn-ep-≠mb tIkn¬ hn[n\SØn. ]ncn™pt]mb-t∏mƒ tIkn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´-bmƒ ]d-™p:""F\n°v A√mlp aXn. Ah≥ G‰hpw \√ kwc-£-I-\sX''. CXptIƒ°m-\n-S-bmb ]hm-N-I≥ Abm-tfmSp ]d™p: ""Zu¿_-eysØssZhw shdp-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ i‡nbpw Xt‚-Shpw t\SpI. F∂n´pw]cm-Pn-X-cm-bm¬ At∏mƒ \nßƒ°p ]dbmw: "F\n°v A√mlp aXn.Ah≥ G‰hpw \√ kwc-£-I-\sX.''

a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ km[y-X-I-sfm-s°bpw kzcq-]n®v ]Xn-_-‘-ß-tfmSpw ]Xn-Iqe ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-I-tfmSpw s]mcp-Xm≥ _m[y-ÿ-\mWv.hnPbw hcn-°m≥ AXv A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v aX-tam-Xp∂p. ZrV-\n-›bw,ÿnc-Nn-ØX, XymK-a-\-ÿnXn, ÿntcm-’mlw XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms°kzmb-Ø-am-°-W-sa∂v AXm-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂p. ]Wn-sb-Sp-°msX Ae-k-am-bn-cp∂v ]X-\-ßfpw ]mfn-®-Ifpw ]ng-hp-I-fp-sams° hn[n-bpsS ta¬h®p-sI-´p-∂Xv ISpØ Ip‰-asX. Ai-≤-bp-sSbpw A\m-ÿ-bp-sSbpwA\n-hm-cy- -e-ßƒ°v ssZh-hn-[n-bpsS ]cn-th-j-a-Wn-bn-°p-∂Xv AXy-¥w A]-e-]-\o-b-amWv. A[zm-\n-°msX ew ]Xo-£n-°p-∂Xpw IjvS-X-Iƒ kln-°msX t\´w sImXn-°p-∂Xpw aS-b-Ø-amWv. I¿a-Ønt\A√mlp ]Xn-êw \¬Ip-I-bp≈q. \njvIn-bXzw \mi-\n-an-Ø-asX.

Hcmƒ ]hm-N-I-t\mSv tNmZn®p: ""ssZh-Zq-Xtc, Rm≥ H´-IsØ_‘n® tijw A√m-lp-hn¬ `c-ta¬]n-°-Wtam? AtXm AXns\Agn-®p-hn´p sImt≠m?'' ]hm-N-I≥ ]Xn-h-Nn®p: ""AXns\ sIń-bn-SpI. F∂n´v ssZh-Øn¬ `c-ta¬]n-°pI.''

Blmcw Ign-°msX hni-∏p-am-dn√. sh≈w IpSn-°msX Zmlw ian-°p-I-bn√. hnØn-d-°msX hnf-hp-≠m-hn√. ]Wn-sb-Sp-°msX ]Whpw.h≥ hnP-b-ßƒ°v a¿a-a-dn™ I¿aw A\n-hm-cy-asX. CXv am‰-an-√mØssZhn-I- \n-b-a-amWv. CX-dn-bp∂ bYm¿Y hnizmkn kZm I¿a-\n-c-X-\m-bn-cn°pw. AXn-\m¬ hn[n-hn-izmkw Be-ky-a√; Hu’p-Iy-amWv


hf¿ØpI.ssZh- hn-[nbpw Znhy-⁄m-\hpw ]Xy-£tam ]I-Stam A√. AXn-

\m¬ X\n°v A⁄m-X-amb H∂n-s\-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn®v Akz-ÿ-\m-hp-∂-Xn-e¿Y-an√. AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØ ssZh-Im-cp-Wy-Øn¬ ]Xo-£-b¿∏n®v ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bmWv th≠Xv. \ncmi hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v A\y-asX. ""\nßƒ ssZh-Im-cp-Wy-sØ-°p-dn®v \ncm-i-cm-h-cpXv''(39: 53).

A[zm-\n-°m-\p-≈ ZrV-\n-›-b-Øn-\p-tijw amXta A√m-lp-hn¬`c-ta¬]n-°mhq F∂mWv aX-a-\p-im-kn-°p-∂Xv. ""\o Hcp Imcy-Øn¬ZrV-\n-›-b-sa-SpØp Ign-™m¬ ssZh-Øn¬ `c-ta¬]n-°pI''(3:159).

Npdp-Np-dp-t°msS HmSn-®mSn \S-°p∂ sNdp-∏-°m-c≥ BI-kvan-I-ambn hmX-tcm-K-Øn-∂-Sn-s∏-Sp∂p. ]e-hn[ NnIn-’-Ifpw \S-Øn-t\m-°p∂p. ]t£, H∂pw ên-°p-∂n√. Ah-km\w Atem-∏-XnbpwBbp¿-th-Zhpw, tlman-tbm-∏-Xn-bp-apƒs∏sS F√m sshZy-hn-Zy-IfpwtcmKw t`Z-am-hp-I-bn-s√∂v hn[n-sb-gp-Xp∂p. AXn-\m¬ Xm\n\n Hcn-°epw Iń-en¬ \n∂n-dßn \S-°p-I-bn-s√∂v Abm-f-dn-bp∂p. F¶n¬Abmƒ AXy-[nIw Akz-ÿ-\m-hpI kzm`m-hn-I-asX. CØ-c-samcpkml-N-cy-Øn¬ B tcmKnsb Biz-kn-∏n-°m≥ temI-Øn-semcpùXnI Z¿i-\-Øn\pw ]Xy-b-im-kvX-Øn\pw km[y-a√. Ccp-]Xmw\q‰m≠p I≠ hoc hnπ-h-Imcn hn.sF. se\n≥ t]mepw hmX-tcm-K-Øn-\-Sn-s∏-´-t∏mƒ AXy-[nIw Akz-ÿ-\mbn Xs‚ Bfl-an-X-ambÃmen-t\mSv kb-ss\Uv Bh-iy-s∏-´Xv AXn-\m-em-Wt√m. F∂m¬ssZh- hn-[n-bn¬ ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ kI-eXpw kjvSm-hn¬ka¿∏n®v Bizm-kw sIm≈p∂p. Ah¿ a\x-k-am-[m-\-tØmsS Bfl-KXw sNøp∂p: ""X\n°v ssIbpw Imepw IÆpw ImXpw \m°pwaq°pw Bbp pw Btcm-Kyhpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw \¬In-bXv ssZh-amWv. Ah≥ I\n-t™-Inb BtcmKyw X¬°mew Ah≥ Xncn-s®-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p. CsXm-cp ]co-£-W-amWv. ssZh -hn[n. ]X¿® ]‰n-bm¬ ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cn°pw ew. £an-®m¬ hnP-bhpw. hmXhpw tcmK-hp-sam-∂p-an-√mØ kz¿Kw ]Xn-^-e-ambn e`n°pw.''

GI-a-Is‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ. ImWn-I-fn¬ Gsd IuXp-I-ap-W¿-Øp∂ \me©p hb v ]mb-Øn¬ B Ip™v ac-W-a-S-bp∂p. CØcwA\p-`-h-ßƒ°n-c-bm-Ip∂ hy‡n-I-f-\p-`-hn-°p∂ hyYbpw thZ-\bpwhnh-c-Wm-Xo-X-asX. \ne-hn-ep≈ IpSpw-_-k-¶¬]w apX-em-fnØ hyh-ÿ-bpsS krjvSn-bm-sW∂pw kzImcy DS-am-h-Im-i-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ kvXokzmX-¥y-Øns‚ ]mIrX Iayq-WnÃv Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Ipń-IƒAO≥amsc Xncn-®-dn-™n-cp-∂n-s√∂pw hmZn® Imd¬ am¿Ivkv t]mepwXs‚ aIs‚ hntbm-K-Øn¬ Gsd hnlz-e-\m-hp-I-bp-≠mbn. 1855-˛¬At±-l-Øns‚ CjvS-]p-X≥ FUvKm-dn\v Kpcp-X-c-amb tcmKw _m[n®p.F´p-h-b- p≈ AXn-k-a¿Y-\mb B Ipń apjv F∂ Hma-\-t∏-cn-emWvAdn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂Xv. GI-a-Is‚ tcmK-i-ø-°-cn-In¬ \o≠ cmXn-Iƒ

161kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Dd-°-sam-gn®v Ign-®p-Iq-ńb am¿Ivkv B L´-Øn¬ GwK¬kn-s\-gpXn: ""lrZbw \odp-I-bmWv. Xe ]pI-bp-I-bmWv.'' ]n∂oSv apjv ac-W-a-S-™-t∏mƒ At±-l-sa-gpXn: ""]mhw apjv acn®p....Fs‚ ZpxJwFX hep-Xm-sW-∂-dn-bm-at√m. Ht´sd IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-≈-h-\mWv Rm≥. ]t£, bYm¿Y ZpxJ-sa-¥m-sW∂v Ct∏m-gm-sW-\n°p a\- n-em-bXv.''

CØcw kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw hn[n-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Bizm-k-a-\p-`-hn-°p∂p. Ah-cpsS a\ v a¥n-°p∂p: ""X\n°v Ip™ns\I\n-t™-In-bXv Icp-Wm-a-b-\mb ssZh-amWv. Xs‚ Hma-\-a-Is\ Xncn-®p-hn-fn-®Xpw Ah≥ Xs∂. F√mw Ahs‚ Aew-L-\o-b-amb hn[n.Xt∂-°mƒ kvt\lhpw Icp-Wbpw hm’-ey-hp-ap≈ kjvSm-hns‚hiw Ip™ns\ Xncn-t®¬]n-°p-I-bmWv Xm≥ sNbvXXv. AXn-\m¬A£a ImWn-°p-∂Xv Aÿm-\-ØmWv. Xo¿Øpw A¿Y-iq-\yhpw.kl-\-a-h-ew-_n-®m¬ e`n-°m-\p-≈Xv kz¿K-amWv. A\-iz-c-amb A-Xns‚ Ihm-S-Øn¬ Xs‚ Hma-\ -a-I≥ aµ-kvan-X-\mbn Xs∂ kzmKXwsNøm≥ ImØp-\n-t∂°mw.''

hn[n hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-h¿ hn]-Øp-Iƒ hcp-tºmƒ Ak-ly-ambAkz-ÿ-X°pw A£-a°pw ASn-s∏-Sp∂p. thh-em-Xn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]cm-Xn ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Ah-cpsS Bi-¶-bpw Ac-£n-X-t_m-[-hp-a-I-‰m≥ Bizm-k-h-N-\-ßƒ t]mepw Ai-‡-am-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ Aew-L-\o-b-amb hn[n-bn¬ hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°p-∂-h¿ A\-ev]-amb Bizm-k-a-\p-`-hn-°p∂p. £an-®mepwA£a ImWn-®mepw ùXn-I- êw H∂p-Xs∂ F∂v Ah-c-dn-bp∂p.F∂√, A£a Akzmÿyw A[n-I-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv sNøpI. £abpwkl-\hpw im¥n-tbIpw. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bntem £an-°p-∂-h¿°v al-Ømb ]Xn-êw. A£a A]-cm-[hpw. sFln-I -Po-hnXw apgps°]co-£-W-amWv. A\p-K-l-ßƒ \¬In-bpw \ntj-[n®pw ssZh-aXv\n¿h-ln-°p∂p. ê-a-dn-bpI ac-Wm-\-¥cw adp-tem-I-ØmWv. A\p-K-l-ßƒ e`y-am-Ip∂ A\p-Iq-em-h-ÿ-bn¬ BÀm-Z-Øn¬ anXXzw]pe¿Ø-W-sa∂v aX-am-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂p; Ah \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ£abpw kl-\hpw ]men-°-W-sa∂pw. hnPbw hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-´Xv Bhn[w ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°mWv.

""`bm-i-¶-Iƒ, £maw, Poh-[-\m-Zn-I-fpsS \jvSw, hnf-\miw F∂n-h-bn-eqsS \mw \nßsf \n›-b-ambpw ]co-£n°pw. At∏mƒ £aAh-ew-_n-°p-Ibpw "Rßƒ ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wt√m, Ah-\n-te-°m-Wt√m Rßƒ aS-tß-≠Xpw F∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-hsc kt¥m-j hm¿Ø Adn-bn-°pI. Ah¿°v Xß-fpsS \mY-\n¬\n∂v henbA\p-K-l-ßƒ e`n°pw. Ahs‚ ImcpWyw Ah¿°v XW-teIpw.Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-Ip∂p k∑m¿Kw ]m]n-®-h¿''(2: 155-˛157).

CXw-Ko-I-cn-°p∂ hnizm-kn-Iƒ kzÿcpw \n¿`-b-cp-am-bn-cn°pw.Xß-fpsS hn[n-bn¬ Xo¿Øpw Xr]vXcpw. AXv Xßƒ°v A\p-Iq-etam ]Xn-Iq-etam F∂Xv Ahsc kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw A]-k-


‡-asX. hyYbpw thh-em-Xnbpw hnXp-ºepw hnlz-e-Xbpw hn[n-bn-semcp hyXym-khpw hcp-Øp-I-bn-√t√m. Ah¿ \jvS-k-µ¿ -ß-fp-sSbpwku`m-Ky-ß-fp-sSbpw t]cn¬ hne-]n®v Imew Ign-°msX, Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øn¬ ]Xo-£-b¿∏n®v kzÿ-Nn-Ø-cmbn ]pXnb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ hym]r-X-cm-hp∂p. Ah¿ C∂-se-I-fpsS \jvS-ß-tfm¿Øv s\Sp-ho¿∏n-Sp-I-b√; Ahsb h¿Ø-am-\- In-b-I-fnepw `mhn-I¿a-ß-fnepwhf-am°n am‰p-I-bmWv sNøpI. Aßs\ bYm¿Y hn[n-hn-izmkw I¿a-t]-c-I-ambpw a\x-im-¥n-bpsS \n¿Q-cn-bmbpw h¿Øn-°p∂p. hnI-e-amb hn[n-hn-izm-k-amWv Be-ky-Øn-te°pw I¿a-iq-\y-X-bn-te°pwhgn-sbm-cp-°pI. Ckvemw Hcn-°epw AXw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂n√.

Ccp-]Ømdv

Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ß-fn¬ sshcp-[ytam?

""Imcy-ß-sf√mw \S-°pI ssZh-hn-[n-b-\p-k-cn-®m-sW∂v ImWn-°p∂Iptd Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßfpw a\p-jy-I¿a-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-amb ê-am-Wp-≠m-hp-I-sb∂v hy‡-am-°p∂ \nc-h[n hN-\-ßfpw ChnsS D≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. hn[n-hn-izm-ksØ kw_-‘n® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ß-fn¬ ]c-kv]c sshcp-[y-ap-s≠-∂t√ CXv sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv?''

hn[n-hn-izm-ksØ kw_-‘n® hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ h-N-\-ß-fn¬ Hcp-hn[ sshcp-[y-hp-an√. amX-a-√, Ah ]c-kv]cw hymJym-\n-°p-∂-hbpwhni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-bp-amWv. Hcp DZm-l-c-W-Øn-eqsS CXv hy‡-am°mw.

\√ \ne-bn¬ Db¿∂ \ne-hm-c-tØmsS A®-S-°-]q¿W-ambn \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp amXr-Im-hn-Zym-ebw. ka¿Y-\mb ][m-\m-[ym-]-I≥.Bflm¿Y-X-bp≈ kl-]-h¿Ø-I¿. tbmKy-cmb hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ. Ipń-I-fpsS Imcyw PmK-X-tbmsS i≤n-°p∂ c£n-Xm-°ƒ. Aßs\ F√m-hcpw hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ \∑-bnepw Db¿®-bnepw \n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶p-h-ln-°p∂p. ÿm]\w \∂m-hp-I-sb∂ kw`-h-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ H∂n-tesd Imc-W-ßfpw \nc-h[n LS-I-ß-fp-ap-s≠-∂¿Yw. CØ-c-sam-c-h-ÿ-bn¬ hnZym-ebw amXr-Im-tbm-Ky-am-Im≥ ImcWw ][m-\m-[ym-]-I-\m-sW∂p ]dbmw. A[ym-]-I-cm-sW∂pw hnZym¿Yn-I-fm-sW∂pw c£n-

163kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Xm-°-fm-sW-∂p-sams° ]dbmw. CXn-teXp ]d-™mepw If-hm-In√.Hcn-°-sem∂pw as‰m-cn-°-sem∂pw ]d-™m¬ ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-hp-am-hp-I-bn√. Bh-iym-\p-krXw Hmtcm Imc-Whpw FSpØp ImWn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ kµ¿`m-\p-kr-X-amb kXy-]-kvXmhw amXta Bhp-I-bp≈q. F∂m¬ CXn¬ GsX-¶nepw Hcp LSIw amX-amWv kw`-h-Øn\p ]n∂n-se∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-tcmSv AXv \ntj-[n-t°-≠nbpwhcpw.

a\p-jy-I¿a-ß-fpsS ÿnXnbpw Cuhn[w Xs∂. Hcmƒ \S-∂p-t]m-Ish hgn-bn-semcp hr≤≥ hoWp-In-S-°p-∂Xv ImWm-\n-S-bm-Ip∂p.Abmƒ°v thW-sa-¶n¬ hr≤s\ ImWm-Ø-hn[w \S-∂p-\oßmw.Aßs\ sNømsX, Abmƒ hr≤s\ Xmßn-sb-SpØv Bip-]-Xn-bn-se-Øn-°p-Ibpw ipiq-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Aßs\ sNøp-tºmƒXs∂ hyXy-kvX-amb Dt±-iy-tØmsS AXv \n¿h-ln-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.hr≤-s‚tbm Abm-fpsS _‘p-°-fp-sStbm \µnbpw ]Xyp-]-Im-chpw]Xn-^-ehpw ]Xo-£n°mw. AØ-c-sam-∂p-am-K-ln-°msX hr≤-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\l˛ImcpWy˛ hm’ey˛KpW-Imw-£m -hn-Im-c-tØm-sSbpwAXp sNømw. At∏mƒ Cu kw`-h-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂vAbm-sf-Sp-°p∂ Xocp-am-\-Øn\pw AXns‚ ]n∂nse Dt±-iy-Øn\pwXpS¿∂p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p-sa√mw A\¬]-amb ]¶p≠v. AXn-\m¬hr≤s\ Bip-]-Xn-bn-se-Øn-®Xpw ipiq-jn-®Xpw B a\p-jy-\m-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ sXt‰m Akmw-K-Xytam C√. AtX-k-abw,hr≤s\ Xmßn-sb-Sp-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn® ssIIfpw ico-chpw Btcm-KyhpwIgnhpw Icp-Øp-sams° \¬In-bXv ssZh-amWv. hr≤-t\mSv AenhvtXm∂p-Ibpw ipiq-jn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX a\ pwssZh-Øns‚ Zm\w Xs∂. AXn-\m¬ ssZh-amWv hr≤s\ c£n-®-sX∂ ]kvXm-hhpw kXy-\n-jvThpw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-hp-asX. At∏mƒCØcw kw`-h-ßsf a\p-jy-t\mSv tN¿Øp-]-dbmw, ssZh-tØmSvtN¿Øp ]dbmw; a\p-jy-t\mSpw ssZh-tØmSpw Htc-k-abw tN¿Øp]dbmw. A]-Imcw Xs∂ a\p-jy-I¿aw amX-am-sW∂v [cn-°p-∂-h-tcmSv AXns\ \ntj-[n°mw. ssZh-Øns‚ ]¶v Du∂n-∏-dbmw. CucoXn-I-sf√mw Jp¿-B≥ kzoI-cn-®n-´p≠v. a\- ns‚ Xocp-am-\-ØnepwDt±-iy-Ønepw a\p-jys‚ ]¶v FX-sb∂v temIØv B¿°pw Adn-bp-I-bn√. a\p-jys‚ Kmly-h-cp-Xn°v AXo-X-am-b-Xn-\m¬ ssZhw hni-Z-ambn ]d™pX∂n-´p-an√.

kw`-h-ß-sfbpw I¿a-ß-sfbpw Ahbv°p ]n∂nse Xocp-am-\-ß-sfbpw hnip-≤ -Jp¿-B≥ ssZh-hp-ambpw a\p-jy-\p-ambpw _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn ImWmw. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂ kao-]\wXncpØn Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah¿°v h√ t\´hpw Inń-bm¬ AXvssZh-Øn-¶¬\n-∂m-sW∂v Ah¿ ]dbpw. h√ hn]Øpw _m[n-®mtem,\ns∂ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]d-bpI: F√mw ssZh-Øn-¶¬ \n∂p-


Xs∂. Ch¿s°-¥p- ]‰n? Ch¿ Kln-°p-∂n-√t√m''(Jp¿-B≥ 4: 78).\∑bpw Xn∑bpw ssZh-Øn-¶¬ \n∂m-sW∂v hy‡-am-°p∂ Jp¿-

B≥ ChnsS I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bpsS sX‰mb kao-]-\-Øn\v Imc-W-°m¿Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-sW∂v ]d-bp-Ibpw AXns‚ t]cn¬ Ahsc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. icn-bmb kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp-≠m-bn´pw adn-s®mcp \ne-]mSv Ah-ew-_n-®-Xn-\m-emWv Jp¿-B≥ AhscBt£-]n-°p-∂Xv.

KpW-tZm-j-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy-I¿aw t]mse ssZh-hn-[n°pw ]¶p-≈-Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ Imc-WsØ kjvSm-hn-te°v tN¿Øp-]-d-bp∂ kao-]\w kzoI-cn-®-Xn\v Jp¿-B-\n¬ \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ImWmw.

""A√mlp \n\°v h√ tZmjhpw hcp-Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv]cn-l-cn-°m≥ Ah-\-√msX a‰m¿°pw km[y-a√. AYhm, Ah≥\n\°v h√ tZmjhpw hcp-Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ F√m-‰n\pw Ign-hp-≈-h-\sX Ah≥''(6:17). ""A√mlp Xm\n-On-°p-∂-hsc k∑m¿K-Øn-em-°p∂p. Xm\n-On-°p-∂-hsc Zp¿am¿K-Øn-em-°p∂p. ]Xm-]-im-enbpw bp‡n-⁄-\p-asX Ah≥''(14: 4).

AtXm-sSm∏w k∑m¿K˛Zp¿am¿K ]m]vXn-bn¬ a\p-jys‚ ]¶pwJp¿-B≥ Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p: ""B¿ AWp-a-Wn-Øq°w \∑ sNøp-∂pthmAh≥ AXv Is≠-Øp-I-X-s∂ sNøpw. B¿ AWp-aWnØq°w Xn∑sNøp-∂pthm Ah≥ AXpw Is≠Øpw''(99: 7,8). ""Hcp-Ø\pw as‰m-cp-Øs‚ `mcw Npa-°p-∂n√. a\p-jy\v Ah≥ ]h¿Øn-®-X-√msX C√''(53: 38). ""A√mlp Bscbpw Ahs‚ Ign-hn-\-Xo-X-am-b-Xn\v I¬]n-°p-I-bn√. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Ah¿ ]h¿Øn-®-Xn-\p-≈ ]Xn-^-ehpwin£-bp-am-Wp-≠m-hpI''(2: 286). ""\n\°v h√ tZmjhpw _m[n-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv \ns‚ mK-Øp-\n∂p Xs∂-bp-≈-XmWv''(4: 79). ""F∂m¬hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw k¬°¿a-ß-f-\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿°v Ah-cpsS ]Xn-êw ]q¿W-ambn e`n-°p-∂-XmWv. AI-an-Isf A√mlpCjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n√''(3: 57). ""Ahn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒIf-hm-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cmtcm Ah-csX \c-Im-h-Im-in-Iƒ. Ah-c-Xn¬ \nXy-hm-kn-I-fsX''(2: 39). ""kXy-\n-tj-[n-Itf, C∂v \nßƒHgn-I-gnhv t_m[n-∏n-t°≠. \nßƒ ]h¿Øn-®-Xns‚ êw Xs∂-bmWv \nß-fn∂v A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv''(66: 7).

\∑˛Xn∑-I-fn¬ a\p-jys‚ ]¶pw ssZh-hn-[nbpw F∆n[w _‘-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂pw Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""]d-bpI: ssZhw COn-°p-∂-hsc Ah≥ Zp¿am¿K-Øn-em-°p-Ibpw X∂n-te°v tJZn®p aS-ßp-∂-hsc k∑m¿K-Øn-em-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p''(13: 27). ""k∑m¿Kwkv]jvS-am-bn-°-gn-™-ti-jhpw Bsc-¶nepw ssZh-Zq-Xs\ [n°-cn-°p-Ibpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-tS-X-√mØ am¿Kw ]n¥p-S-cp-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬Ah≥ kzbw Xncn-™p-I-f™ `mK-tØ°p Xs∂ \mw Ahs\ Xncn-°p-∂-XmWv''(4: 115).

165kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Npcp-°-Øn¬, I¿a-ß-fpsS êsØ kw_-‘n®v a\- n-em-°m≥km[n-°p∂ a\p-jy\v Nn¥n-°m\pw Xocp-am-\n-°m\pw AX-\p-k-cn®v]h¿Øn-°m\pw kzmX¥yw \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p. F∂m¬ CukzmX¥yw A]-cn-an-Xtam A\n-b-¥n-Xtam A√. ssZth-Obv°pwhn[n°pw hnt[-b-amWv. Cu ]cn-an-Xn-bpsS ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ \¬I-s∏´kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ tXmX-\p-k-cn® _m[yX amXta a\p-jys‚ ta¬Npa-Ø-s∏-ń-´p≈q. B _m[y-X-bpsS \n¿h-l-Whpw ewL-\-hp-amWvPohn-X-Øns‚ Pbm-]-P-b-ßfpw kz¿K˛\c-I-ßfpw Xocp-am-\n-°pI.AXn-\m¬ Ign-hn-\-Xo-X-amb H∂n\pw A√mlp Bscbpw \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂n√. BtcmSpw A\oXn ImWn-°p-∂p-an√. hn[n-bp-sSbpw a\p-jy-kzm-X-¥y-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-ÿbpw Ah-bv°n-S-bnse _‘hpw a\p-jy\v a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°pw-hn[w hnh-cn-°p∂ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥hmIy-ß-fn¬ H´pw sshcp-[y-hp-an√.

ssZh-hn-[n-bp-sSbpw a\pjy kzmX-¥y-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-ÿsbkw_-‘n® Ckvem-an-I -ho-£Ww bYm-hn[n A\m-h-cWw sNøp∂Hcp kw`hw c≠mw Jeo^ Da-dp¬ ^mdq-Jns‚ ImeØv \S-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. e-kvXzo-\n¬ tπKv _m[n®p. Gsd Ignbpw aptº AXv kndn-b-bn-te°pw ]S¿∂p-]n-Sn®p. AXn-thKw Bfn-∏-S¿∂ tcmKw AXvkv]¿in-°p-∂-h-sc-sb√mw sIms∂m-Sp°n. acp∂pw NnIn-’-bp-sam∂pwên-®n√. Hscm‰ amk-Øn-\Iw ]Xn-\-øm-bncw t]¿ acn®p. Cu hn]-Øns\ kw_-‘n®v hnh-c-a-dn™ Da-dp¬ mdqJv Hcp kwLw ssk\n-I-tcm-sSm∏w kndn-b-bn-te°v ]pd-s∏´p. hgn-at[y Xs‚ ASpØ A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-ambn, F¥p sNø-W-sa∂v IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®p. A\-¥c \S-]-Sn-Iƒ°v \n¿tZiw \¬In-b-tijw, tcmK-_m-[nX ]tZ-i-tØ°vt]mtI-≠-Xn-s√∂v Xocp-am-\n®p. ]I¿®-hym[n _m[n-t®-S-tØ-°p≈bmX A]-ISw hcp-Øn-tb-°p-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ F√m-hcpw XS w \n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. hnh-c-a-dn™ A_q Dss_Z Jeo- -tbmSv tcmj-tØmsStNmZn®p: ""ssZh-hn-[n-bn¬ \n∂v HmSn-t∏m-Itbm?'' B tk\m-\m-b-Is‚A¥¿KXw hmbn-®-dn™ Da-dp¬ mdqJv ]d™p: ""AsX, Hcp ssZh-hn-[n-bn¬ \n∂v as‰mcp ssZh-hn-[n-bn-te°v.'' A¬]-k-a-bsØ au\-Øn-\p-tijw At±lw XpS¿∂p: ""Hcmƒ Hcp ÿeØv sN∂n-dßn.AhnsS Abmƒ°v c≠p Xmgvh-c-I-fp≠v. ê-k-ar-≤-am-bXpw A√m-ØXpw. ê-k-ar-≤-am-bXv kwc-£n-°p-∂-h\pw A√m-lp-hns‚ hn[n-


b-\p-k-cn-®t√ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv? A√m-ØXv t\m°n \S-Øp-∂-h\pwA√m-lp-hns‚ hn[n-b-\p-k-cn-°p-I-bt√ sNøp-∂Xv?''

Ckvem-anse hn[n-hn-izmkw hn]-Øp-I-fp-sSbpw hn\m-i-Øn-s‚bpwXmt°m-em-h-cp-sX∂pw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sSbpw t\ -ß-fp-sSbpw hnP-b-Øn-s‚bpw hgn-bn¬ hnLmXw hcp-Ø-cp-sX∂pw hy‡-amb mj-bn¬ kaq-lsØ ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Da-dp¬ ^mdqJv. ssZh-hn-[n-bpsS hcp-Xn-bn¬ a\p-jy\p \¬I-s∏´ kzmX-¥ysØ ]c-am-h[n ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂ DZvt_m-[-\hpw AXpƒs°m-≈p∂p.

Ccp-]-tØgv

ASn -aØw \ntcm -[n -°m-Xn -cp -∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

""Ckvemw ASn-aØw \ntcm-[n-®n-ń-s√-∂mWv Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv. F¶n¬ ka-Xz-sØbpw \oXn-sbbpw kw_-‘n®v kwkm-cn-°m≥Ckvem-an\v F¥-h-Im-i-am-Wp-≈Xv?''

a\p-jy-sc√mw Htc ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-Ifpw Htc amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS a°-fp-am-sW∂v Ckvemw ]Jym-]n-°p∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ hnth-N\w Acp-sX∂v AXv A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p. ""a\p-jy-tc, Hcm-Wn¬\n-∂pw s]Æn¬\n-∂p-asX \nßsf \mw krjvSn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ]ns∂, \nßsf \mw kap-Zm-b-ßfpw tKmX-ß-fp-am-°n. \nßƒ]c-kv]cw ]cn-N-b-s∏-tS-≠-Xn\v'' (Jp¿-B≥ 49: 13).

]hm-N-I≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""\n›-bw, \nß-fpsS ssZhw GI-\m-Wv.\nß-fpsSsb√mw ]nXmhpw Hcmƒ Xs∂. F√m-hcpw BZ-an¬\n-∂p-≈-h-cm-Wv. BZtam aÆn¬\n-∂pw. AXn-\m¬ Ad-_n°v A\-d-_n-sb-°mtfm shfp-Ø-h\v Idp-Ø-h-s\-°mtfm bmsXmcp tijvT-X-bp-an√;`‡n-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-√msX'' (ap-kvenw, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv).

\nb-a-Øns‚ apºn¬ k¿hcpw ka≥am-cm-sW∂v Ckvemw kn≤m-¥n-°p-∂p. ]ucm-h-Im-i-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ k¿hcpw Xpey-cm-Wv. ]W-Øn-s‚bpw ]Z-hn-bp-sSbpw t]cn-ep≈ ]tXy-Im-h-Im-i-ßƒ AXm¿-

167kvt\l-kw-hmZw

°pw A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂n-√. XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ hnth-N-\-ßsfXo¿Øpw \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Cß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-bn-cp-∂n´pw Ckvemw F¥p-sIm≠v ASn-aØw\ntcm-[n-®n√ F∂ ]iv\w hni-Z-amb hni-I-e-\-a¿ln-°p-∂p.

1. apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS \ntbm-K-Im-eØv temI-saßpw Iqc-ambASn-a-Ø-amWv \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. ]pcm-X-\-tdm-an¬ ASna BSp-am-Sp-I-sf-t∏mse I®-hSw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ hn¬∏-\-®-c°v amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. HmSn-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-°m-\mbn Imep-I-fn-e-Wn-bn-°-s∏´ Nß-e-I-fp-am-bmWvAh¿ `mcn® tPmen-Iƒt]mepw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. Imen-sØm-gp-Øp-Iƒ°v kam-\-amb ÿe-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS hmk-ÿ-ew. `£-W-a-√msX as‰m-∂n\pw Ah¿°-h-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXpw bP-am-\s‚ F®n-ep-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Nm´-hm-d-Sn-Iƒ°v apXpIv ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ hn[n-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p A°m-esØ ASn-a-Iƒ. Imf-Iƒ°n-S-bn-se-∂-t]mse ASn-a-Iƒ°nS-bnepw t]mcv kwL-Sn-∏n-°pI km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw X√n-®m-Ip-∂Xv I≠v D√-kn-°¬ bP-am-\≥am-cpsS apJy hnt\m-Z-am-bn-cp-∂p.

C¥y-bnse ÿnXnbpw `n∂-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. C¥y-bn¬ PmXn-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS t]cn-emWv ASn-aØw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m-eXv ssZh-\n-›-b-am-bmWv KWn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂Xv. Ata-cn-°-bnepw B^n-°-bnepwASpØ Imew hscbpw Iqc-amb ASn-a-Øhpw h¿W-hn-th-N-\hpw\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. CXc ]m›m-Xy-\m-Sp-I-fpsS ÿnXnbpw AXp-X-s∂.

CØ-c-sam-c-h-ÿ-bn-emWv Ckvemw C°m-cy-Øn¬ kaq-e-amb am‰whcp-Øn-b-Xv. BZy-ambn AXp sNbvXXv ASn-a-I-tfm-Sp≈ kao-]-\-Øn¬ka-K-amb ]cn-h¿Ø\w krjvSn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ahcpw a‰p-≈-h-sct∏mse a\p-jy-cm-sW∂v ]Jym-]n-®p. B t_m[w F√m-h-cnepwhf¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A√mlp B⁄m-]n®p: ""amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv\√-\n-e-bn¬ h¿Øn-°p-I. _‘p-°-tfmSpw A\m-Y-I-tfmSpw AK-Xn-I-tfmSpw _‘p-hmb Ab¬°m-tcmSpw AI∂ Ab¬°m-tcmSpw kl-hm-kn-I-tfmSpw bmX-°m-c-t\mSpw \nß-fpsS A[o-\-X-bn-ep≈ ASn-a-I-tfmSpw \≥abn¬ h¿Øn-°p-I. Al-¶m-cnbpw s]mß-®-°m-c-\p-ambHcm-sfbpw A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√'' (4: 36).

\_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Acpƒ sNøp∂p: ""\nß-fpsS ktlm-Z-c≥amcpw_‘p-°-fp-am-W-h¿. Xs‚ Iogn-ep≈ ktlm-Z-c\v Xm≥ `£n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Blm-chpw [cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ hkvXhpw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. Ah¿°v Akm-[y-amb Imcyw Ahsc G¬]n-°-cp-Xv, AY-hm, ]bm-k-I-c-amb h√ tPmen-Ifpw Ahsc G¬]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬\nßfpw Ahsc klm-bn-°p-I'' (_p-Jm-cn).

"CXv Fs‚ ASn-a, CXv Fs‚ ASn-akvXo' F∂n-ßs\ ]d-bm≥]mSn-s√∂v ]Tn-∏n® ]hm-N-I≥ "Ahsc \nß-fpsS Iogn¬ hcm≥CS-bm-°nb A√mlp \nßsf Ah-cpsS Iogn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm\pw Ign-


hp-‰-h-\msW'∂v kaq-lsØ DW¿Øn.\_n ]d™p: ""h√-h\pw Xs‚ ASn-asb h[n-°p∂ ]£w Ah-

s\ \mapw h[n-°pw. h√-h\pw Xs‚ ASn-asb AwK-tOZw sNbvXm¬\mw Ah-s\bpw AwK-tOZw sNøpw. h√-h\pw Xs‚ ASn-asbjWvUo-I-cn-®m¬ \ma-h-s\bpw jWvUo-I-cn°pw'' (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw).am\y-amb £-Whpw hkvXhpw ]m¿∏n-Shpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ønb CkvemwCXp-hgn ASn-a-I-fpsS kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw Z-am-°n. a‰p kvXoI-sf-t∏msehnhm-l-th-f-bn¬ ASn-a-kvXo-Iƒ°pw hnhm-l-aqeyw \n›-bn-®p. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""\nß-fn-em¿s°-¶nepw kzX-¥-I-fmb kXy-hn-izm-kn-\n-Isf hnhmlw sNøm≥ kmº-ØnI tijn-bn-s√-¶n¬ \nß-fpsSA[o-\-X-bn-ep≈ kXy-hn-izm-kn-\n-I-fmb ASn-a-kvXo-Isf hnhmlwsNbvXp-sIm-≈p-I. \nß-fpsS hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®v \∂mbn Adn-bp-∂-h≥ A√m-lp-hm-Wv. \nßƒ ]c-kv]cw _‘p-°-fm-Wv. AXn-\m¬Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-°-fpsS A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS \nß-f-hsc hnhmlw Ign-®p-sIm-≈p-I. Ah-cpsS hnhm-l-aqeyw acym-Z-tbmsS \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-I'' (4: 26).

]hm-N-I≥(-k) ]d-bp∂p: ""\nßƒ tIƒ°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. \nß-fpsS t\Xm-hmbn hcp-∂Xv DW-ßnb ap¥n-cn-t]m-ep≈ inc-t m-Sp-Iq-Snb \otKm ASn-a-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw icn.''

Jeo^m Da-dp¬ ^mdqJv Bk∂ ac-W-\m-bn-cns° `mhn `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnsb kw_-‘n® N¿®-°n-S-bn¬ Xs‚ hnImcw ]I-Sn-∏n-®-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: ""A_q-lp-ssZ^x tamNn-∏n® ASn-a-bm-bn-cp∂ kmenwPohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ At±-lsØ c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn Rm≥\n›-bn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.''

A_q_Iv¿ kzn±o-Jv, Da-dp¬ ^mdqJv t]mep≈ hfsc ]ap-J-cmb A\p-N-c≥am-cpƒs∏-Sp∂ kwL-Øns‚ k¿h ssk\ym-[n-]-\mbnhntam-NnX ASn-a-bmb sskZns‚ aI≥ Dkm-asb \n›-bn® \_nsskZn\v Xs‚ ]nXr-k-tlm-Zco ]pXn ssk\-_ns\ hnhmlw Ign-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ k∂-≤-\m-bn.

Ad-_n-I-fmb kzX-¥≥am¿°pw ASn-a-Iƒ°p-an-S-bn¬ kmtlm-Zcyw ÿm]n-°pI ]hm-N-Is‚ ]Xn-hn¬s]- -Xm-bn-cp∂p. \otKm ASn-a-bm-bn-cp∂ _nemepw Jiv-A-ao-tKm-X-°m-c-\mb Jmen-Zp_v\p dpssh-lbpw XΩnepw ASn-a-bm-bn-cp∂ sskZpw kz¥w ]nXr-hy-\mblwkbpw XΩnepw ASn-a-bm-bn-cp∂ Jmcn-P_v\p sskZpw ]n¬°m-eØv ]Ya Jeo- -bm-bn-Øo¿∂ A_q-_Iv¿ kzn±oJpw XΩnepw \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n kmtlm-Zcyw ÿm]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

ASn-a-Isf Ah-K-Wn-°mt\m ]bm-k-s∏-Sp-Ømt\m Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. Hcn-°¬ ASn-asb ]nd-In¬ \SØn hml-\-Øn¬ k©-cn-°p∂ bmX-°m-c-t\mSv A_q-lp-dbvd ]d™p: ""\ns‚ ]nd-In¬ Ah-s\bpw Ib-‰q. \ns‚ ktlm-Z-c-\m-W-h≥. \nt‚-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Bflmhv

169kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Ah-\p-ap-≠v.''Cuhn[w ASn-abv°v kaq-l-Øn¬ am\y-amb ]Z-hnbpw AwKo-Im-

chpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw \¬In Ahs‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ kwc-£n®Ckvemw Ah-t\m-Sp≈ A\o-Xn-sbbpw AXn-I-a-sØbpw sImSnb Ip‰-ambn IW-°m-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. AtXm-sSm∏w ASn-a-bpsS _m[y-X-I-fnepw in£-I-fnepw KWy-amb Cf-h-\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

2. Ckvemw ASn-a-ØsØ Hc-Sn-ÿm-\-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√.A¥n-a-ambn AXn-\-dp-Xn-h-cp-Øm-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-I-fmWv AXv kzoI-cn-®-Xv. ASn-a-Ø- tam-N-\-Øn\v hºn® ]m[m\yw \¬In. A√mlp tNmZn-°p∂p: ""a\p-jy≥ F¥p-sIm≠v Zp¿L-S-amb ]pWy-]mX IS-°p-∂n-√. F¥mWv B Zp¿L-S -am¿K-sa∂v \n\-°-dn-bmtam? ASn-a-bpsStamN-\-am-W-Xv'' (90: 11-˛13).

Ckvemw kIm-Øns‚ Htcm-lcn \n›-bn-®Xv ASn-a-I-fpsS tamN-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv (9: 60). Xs‚ DS-a-ÿ-X-bn-ep≈ ASn-asb tamNn-∏n-°epw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS hi-ap-≈-hsc hmßn tamNn-∏n-°epw Ckvemw\n›-bn® ASn-a-tam-N-\ -am¿K-ß-f-sX. AX-\p-k-cn-®mWv \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw Ahn-SsØ A\p-N-c≥amcpw Xß-fpsS Iogn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ASn-a-Isf tamNn-∏n-®-Xv. A_q-_Iv¿ kzn±o-Jn-s\-t∏m-ep≈ klr-Z-b¿ kº-Øns‚ knwl-`m-Khpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-®Xv ASn-a-Isf hmßntamNn-∏n-°m-\m-Wv. ]Øp-t]¿°v Fgp-Øp-w hm-b-\bpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ ASn-a-Isf ]hm-N-I≥ tamNn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.

]e ]m]-ßƒ°pw Ckvemw \n›-bn® ]mb-›n-Ø-ß-fn¬ ]Y-ahpw ][m-\hpw ASn-aIsf tamNn-∏n-°-em-Wv. ""Bsc-¶nepw Hcp hnizm-knsb h[n-°m-\n-S-bm-bm¬ ]mb-›n-Ø-ambn hnizm-kn-bmb Hc-Sn-asbtamNn-∏n-°-Ww. sIm√-s∏-´-hs‚ Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°v \jvS-]-cn-lmcw\¬IpIbpw thWw. Ah¿ \jvS-]-cn-lmcw hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øm-sem-gn-sI''(4: 92).

i]-Y-ew-L-\w, hX-a-\p-jvTn-°sh `mcym-`¿Øm-°≥am¿ ssewKn-I-_‘w ]pe¿Ø¬ t]mep≈ A]-cm-[-ß-fpsS ]mb-›n-Øhpw ASn-a-Isf tamNn-∏n-°-e-sX. Cßs\ ASn-a-Ø- tam-N-\-Øn\v Ckvemwhnhn[ am¿K-ßƒ \n›-bn-®p. ]c-tem-IØv AXn-a-l-Ømb ]Xn- ewhmKvZm\w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Øn¬ kw`-hn-®-t]mse hn]p-ehpw hym]-I-hp-amb \ne-bn¬ ASn-a-Iƒ hntam-Nn-X-cmb as‰mcp Ime-L-´hpw Ncn-XØn-ep-≠m-bn-ń-√.

tamN-\-]-X-sa-gpXn kzmX¥yw t\Sm\pw Ckvemw Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°n. AX-\p-k-cn®v ASn-abpw bP-am-\\pw tbmPn-®p Xocp-am-\n-°p∂aqeyw \n›-bn®v kzmX¥yw t\Sm≥ ASn-a-Iƒ°v km[n-°p-am-bn-cp∂p.CØcw L´-ß-fn¬ kzmX¥yw \¬Im≥ bP-am-\≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv. AXn-en-S-s]-Smt\m Icm¿ \ncm-I-cn-°mt\m Abmƒ°v Ah-Im-i-an-√. tamN-\-]-X-sa-gp-Xp∂ \nanjw apX¬ ASna ASn-a-b-√m-Xm-bn,


Iqen-∏-Wn-°m-cs‚ ÿm\-sØ-Øp-∂p. ]n∂oSv sNøp∂ tPmen°v]Xn-^-e-ap-≠m-hp-Ibpw AXv tamN-\-aq-ey-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. a‰p sXmgn-ep-I-fn-eqsS ]W-ap-≠m°n tamN-\-aqeyw tiJ-cn-°m\pw Abmƒ-°-h-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. CØ-c-samcp hyhÿbqtdm-∏n¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´Xv ]Xn-\memw \q‰m-≠n¬ amX-am-sW-∂Xv ]tXyIw ]kvXm-hy-a-sX.

Cßs\ hnhn[ hnt[\ tamN\w t\Snb ASn-a-Iƒ Ckvem-anINcn-X-Øn¬ al-Ømb ÿm\-a-e-¶-cn-°p-Ibpw `c-Ww-hsc ssIbm-fp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. _nem-ep_v\p d_m-ln-s\-t∏mse AXp-ey-amb ]Z-hn-bn-se-Øn-b-hcpw Ah-cn-ep-≠v.

3. ASn-a-Iƒ Xe-apd Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn XpS-cp∂ Ah-ÿ°v CkvemwAdpXn hcp-Øn. bP-am-\\v ASnakvXo-bn¬ Ipń-I-fp-≠m-bm¬Ah¿ bP-am-\s‚ Ipń-I-fm-bmWv ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-I-sb∂pw a‰pa°-sf-t∏mse Xs∂ ]q¿Wm-h-Im-i-ap≈ kzX-¥-cmb ]uc≥am-cm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Ckvemw ]Jym-]n-®p. AtXm-sSm∏w bP-am-\s‚ ac-W-tØmsS Ah-cpsS amXm-°ƒ kzX-¥-cmbnØocp-sa∂pw AXvhnfw-_cw sN-bvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w bP-am-\≥am¿ Xß-fpsS Iogn-ep≈ASna-kvXo-Isf thiy-mhrØn°p]-tbm-Kn®v hcp-am-\-ap-≠m-°p∂AXy¥w \oN-amb kº-Zm-b-Øn\v ]q¿W-ambpw Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øp-I-bpw- sN-bvXp.

4. Ia-]-hr-≤-ambn ASn-aØw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m-\m-h-iy-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn® Ckvemw AXv ]q¿W-ambpw \ntcm-[n-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xv A\n-hm-cy-amb Imc-W-ß-fm-em-Wv. bp≤-Øn-eq-sS-b-√msX ASn-a-I-fp-≠m-hp∂ F√m hgn-Ifpw AXv ]q¿W-ambpw sImń-b-S-®p. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS \ntbm-K-Im-eØv bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Imsc ASn-a-I-fm-°p-Itbm h[n-°p-Itbm sNøp∂ kº-Zm-b-amWv \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Zo¿L-Imew CtXAhÿ XpS-cp-I-bp-≠m-bn. iXp-cm-jvS-hp-ambn bp≤-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒAh¿ ]nSn-Iq-Sp∂ Ckvem-an-I- cm-jvS-Ønse ]uc≥amsc ASn-a-I-fm-°p-Itbm h[n-°p-Itbm sNøp∂ kº-Zmbw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI cmjvSw ]nSn-Iq-Sp∂ iXp-cm-jvS-Ønse _µn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ as‰mcp \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°pI km[ytam ]mtbm-Kn-Itam Bbn-cp-∂n-√. F∂n´pw bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Imsc h[n-°p-∂XvCkvemw hne-°n. Ahsc shdpsX hnSp-Itbm ]Xn-êw hmßn hn´-b-°p-Itbm sNøm-sa∂v \n¿tZ-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (47: 4).

bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Imsc apgp-h≥ Xma-kn-∏n-°m≥ kuI-cy-ap≈ kwhn-[m-\-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ iXp-cm-jvS-ßƒ sNbvX t]mse-Øs∂Ckvem-an-I -cm-jvShpw Ahsc ASn-a-I-fm-°p-I-bmWp-≠m-b-Xv. CtX°p-dn-®v ]-apJ Ckvem-anI ]WvUn-X≥ apl-ΩZv JpXzv_v Fgp-Xp∂p:""bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Im-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ iXp-]£w as‰mcp coXn kzoI-cn-°m≥ k∂-≤-am-hp-∂-Xp-hsc F∂v ASn-a-Ø- k-º-Zm-b-Øn\v Ah[n

171kvt\l-kw-hmZw

\n›-bn-®p. apkvenw bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Im¿ GI-]-£o-b-ambn ASn-a-Ø-Øns‚ Nfn-°p-≠n¬ Fdn-b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥th≠n amX-am-W-Xv. ChnsSFSp-tØm-tX≠ Hcp ][m\ kwK-Xn-bp-≠v: "shdp-sXtbm ]Xn-êwhmßntbm hn´-b-°pI' F∂ bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Imsc ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ GIJp¿-B≥ hmIyw _‘\ÿsc ASn-a-I-fm-°p∂ Imcyw ]d-™n-ń-√. AsXmcp imizX \nb-a-am-hm-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠n-bm-W-Xv. ]mb-›nØw hmßn-bp≈ tamN-\s-Ø-∏‰n ]d-™p. ]Xn-^-ew- Iq-Sm-sX-bp-≈ tamN-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]d-™p. Imc-Ww, Ah c≠p-amWv kao-]-`m-hn-bntem hnZq-c-`m-hn-bntem bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Im-tcm-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰-Øn¬a\p-jy-cm-in-°p-th≠n Ckvemw ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ imizXcq]-ßƒ. ASn-aØ kº-Zmbw apkvenw-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®Xv \n¿_‘kml-N-cy-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cyX \nan-Ø-am-bn-cp-∂p. A√msX JWvUn-X-amb Hcn-kvem-anI hn[n°p hnt[-b-am-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂n√'' (sX-‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏´ aXw ˛ ]pdw 62)

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØv bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Im-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ][m-\-ambpw A©p- k-ao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

a. iXp-°ƒ _‘-\-ÿ-cm-°nb XS-hp-Im¿°p -]-I-c-ambn Xß-fpsS XS-hp-Imsc Ah¿°v ssIam-dp-I.

b. ]Xn-^-ew kzoI-cn®v tamNn-∏n-°p-I. _Zv¿bp-≤-Ønse XS-hp-Im-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ amXta Cu kao-]\w kzoI-cn-®p-≈q. Ckvem-anI cmjvSw Zcn-Zhpw XS-hp-Im¿ a°-bnse kº-∂-cp-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-emImw Ah-cn¬\n∂v ]Xn-êw kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

c. cmPy-Øns‚ `Z-Xbv°v lm\n-I-c-a-s√-¶n¬ shdpsX hnSp-I.lpss\≥bp-≤-Ønse XS-hp-Im-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Cukao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-®-Xv. _\q-ap-kvXz-eJv bp≤-Ønse _µn-I-fpsSImcy-Øn¬ Ah-ew-_n® \bhpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

d. iXp-°ƒ ]nSn-Iq-Sp∂ Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Ønse ]uc≥amscASn-a-I-fm-°p-∂-t]mse apkvenw-I-fpsS ]nSn-bn¬ s]Sp∂ XS-hp-Im-scbpw ASn-a-I-fm°n ]´m-f-°m¿°v mKn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. At∏mgpw Ah-tcmSv am\y-ambn s]cp-am-dm\pw Xßƒ Ign-°p∂ Blm-chpw [cn-°p-∂ hkvXhpw Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ CShpw Ah¿°v \¬Im\pwi‡-ambn \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

e. apkvenw-Iƒ°v \n¿_‘ ]´mf tkh\w \n›-bn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXn¬\n-s∂m-gn-hm-°-s∏´ aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ cmPy-c-£-°mbn\¬tI≠ Pnkvb kzoI-cn®v XS-hn-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-sc-sb√mw kzX-¥-cm-°p-I. \Pvdm-\nse InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \_n-Xn-cp-ta\nkzoI-cn® kao]\w CXm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv Ckvem-anI cmjvS-Ønse `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-f-h-ew-_n® \bhpw CXp-X-s∂.

bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Imsc ASn-a-I-fm-°p-I-sb-∂-Xv -A-\n-hm-cy-amb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ A]q¿h-ambn amX-a-h-ew-_n® kao-]-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. AsXmcp


ÿncw kº-Zm-b-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ckvemw ASn-a-Øw-A-\p-h-Zn-®p-sh-∂Xv \n¿_-‘nX ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bnse Xm¬°m-enI kao-]\w amX-a-sX. apl-ΩZv JpXzv_v Fgp-Xp-∂p: ""Hc-Sn-ÿm-\-sa∂ \nebv°v ASn-a-ØsØ Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-®n-ń-√. ASn-a-Ø-tam-N-\-Øn-\p-th≠n hyXykvX am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS Ckvemw \S-Ønb iaw AXn\p sXfn-hm-Wv. AXns‚ Dd-hn-S-ßƒ h‰n-®p-I-f-bm≥ Ckvemw ]c-am-h[n ian-®p. Ckvem-an\v H‰bv°v Xocpam-\-sa-Sp-°m≥ høm-Ø, AXns‚ ]nSn-bn-sem-Xp-ßmØ Hcp \n¿_-‘nXkml-N-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ckvem-an-\v kzm[o-\-an-√mØ cmjvS-ßfpwP\-X-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hcp ]iv\-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Ah¿ apkvenwbp≤-Ø-S-hp-Imsc ASn-a-I-fm-°n ItTmc in£bv°p hnt[-b-am-°n.AXn-\m¬ (A-Sn-a-I-tfm-Sp-≈ \oN-amb s]cp-am-‰-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-sem-gn-®v, ASn-a-I-fm-°p-I-sb∂ XØz-Øn-se-¶n-epw) XØp-ey-amb\bw kzoI-cn-°p-hm-\Xv \n¿_-‘n-X-am-bn. ASn-a-Ø- k-º-Zmbw\n¿Ø-em-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ckvem-ans\ \n¿_-‘n® B GIam¿Kw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ temI-Ønse CX-c -i-‡n-I-fpsS kl-I-cWw IqSn Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. B kl-I-cWw e`n-°p∂ \nan-j-Øn¬ Ak-µn-Kv[-amw-hn[w Ckvemw hy‡-am-°nb AXns‚ al-Ømb kn≤m-¥-Øn-te°v aS-ßp-∂-XmWv. F√m-h¿°pw ka-XzhpwkzmX-¥yhpw F∂ XØz-Øn-te°v'' (sX-‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏´ aXw˛ ]pdw64)

C∂pw bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Imsc Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fmbn I≠v XS-hn-en-Sm-dmWv]Xn-hv. Imcm-Kr-l-Ønse Ccp-f-S™ apdn-bn¬ XS-hp-]p-≈n-bmbn ImewIgn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ]Xn≥a-Sßv t`Zw Ckvem-an-I- k-aq-l-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ F√m ùXn-Im-h-iy-ßfpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kwhn-[m-\-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. ASn-a-sb∂ hnti-jWw Gsd Atcm-N-I-am-sW-¶n-epw.

Hcp kmaq-lnI-L-S-\-bpsS Ahn- m-Py- m-K-ambn \ne-\n¬°p∂ Hcpkº-Zm-bsØ s]s´-s∂m-cp-\mƒ \nbaw aqew \ntcm-[n-°p-∂Xv ê-]-Z-a-√. ASn-a-Ø- k-º-Zm-bsØ A°m-eØv tIhew Hcp-Ø-c-hpsIm-≠v Ah-km-\n-∏n-°pI km[y-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AØ-c-samcp \S-]Sn D≠m-bmepw ]nt‰∂v apX¬ kaqlw apgp-h≥ ASn-a-I-sfbpw km[m-c-Wkz-X¥ ]uc≥am-sc-t∏mse kzoI-cn-°m≥ am\-kn-I-ambn k∂-≤-am-hp-I-bn-√. Hcp kp]-`m-X-Øn¬ hntam-Nn-X-cmb F√m ASn-a-I-fp-ambnkzX-¥-k-aqlw ka-`m-h-\-tbmsS s]cp-am-dp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°m-h-X-√. hnhm-l-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm\pw a‰pw CXv hnLmXw krjvSn-°pw. hnap‡ASn-a-I-fpsS Hcp h¿Kw cq]wsIm≈-em-bn-cn°pw CXns‚ êw.t\csØ e`n-®p-t]m-∂n-cp∂ sXmgnepw kwc-£-Whpw e`n-°msX Cuhn`m-Kw- sIm-Snb sISp-Xn-Iƒ°nc-bm-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. A_lmw en-¶¨ Ata-cn-°≥ sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fnse ASn-aØ hyhÿ \n¿Ø-em-

173kvt\l-kw-hmZw

°n-b-t∏m-gp -≠mb A\p-` -h -an -Xn\v km£n-bm -Wv. ASn -a -IƒkzmX¥yw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ am\-kn-I-ambn k÷-am-bn-ń-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ bP-am-\≥am-cpsS ASp-tØ°v Xncn-®p-h∂v Xßsf ASn-a-I-fmbn kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ah-tcmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-t]m-ep-ap-≠m-bn. AXn-\m-emWv Ckvemw ASn-a-Ø -k-º-Zm-b-Øn\v Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øm≥ Ia]hr-≤hpw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-hp-amb am¿Kw Ah-ew-_n-®-Xv.

5. a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øns‚ Ne-\-ß-fpsS ta¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp∂\nb-¥-W-am-Wt√m \nb-aw. AXn-\m¬ \msa-ßs\ Pohn-°-W-sa∂vXocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv \nb-a-am-Wv. CØcw \nb-a-ßƒ \n¿an-°m-\p≈BXy-¥n-I-amb A[n-Im-cm-h-Imiw B¿°m-sW-∂Xv a\p-jy-kzm-X-¥y-hp-ambn At -Zy-ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. hy‡n-Iƒ tXm∂n-b-t]msePohn°p∂ kaqlw ]q¿W-ambpw Ac-£n-Xhpw Acm-PI-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXn-\m¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ kpK-a-amb \ne-\n¬]n\v \nbawA\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AXv \n¿an-°m-\p≈ ]c-am-[n-Imcw ssIb-S-°n-h-bv°p-∂-h¿ bP-am-\-≥-am-cmWv. AXn\p hnt[-b-cm-hp-∂-h¿ ASn-a-I-fpw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \nb-a-\n¿am-W-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imcw ssZh-Øn-\-√msX a‰m¿°p-an-s√∂ ]c-a-kXyw AwKo-I-cn-°mØ F√m-hcpw Xß-sf-t∏m-ep≈ a\p-jy-cpsS ASn-a-Ifpw B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-I-fp-a-sX. Cu kq£vam¿Y-Øn¬ \nb-a-\n¿am-W-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imcw `c-W-Iq-S-Øn\v AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ B[p-\nI kaq-l-ß-sfm-s°bpw ASn-a- k-aq-l-ß-f-sX. Ahsc kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfwbYm¿Y -tam-N\w Gsd hnZqcw Xs∂.

\nb-a-\n¿am-W-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-ctam tkzO a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ta¬ASn-t®¬]n-°m≥ A\p-hm-Ztam Ckvemw B¿°pw \¬Ip-∂n-√. k-jvSm-hn-\p-am-X-amWv ]c-am-[n-Im-cw. c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Ahs‚ \nbaw\oXn-]q¿hw \S-∏m-°p-∂-h¿ amX-a-sX. CuPn-]vXns‚ tPXm-hpw BcmPy-Øns‚ ]Ya apkvenw Kh¿W-dp-amb Awdp-_v\p¬ Bkzns‚aI≥ Hcp km[m-c-W-°m-cs\ A\ym-b-ambn ASn-®-Xmbn ]cmXn e`n-®-t∏mƒ Jeo^m Da-dp¬ ^mdqJv ]Xn-Imcw \S-∏n-em-°n-b-tijwKh¿W-tdmSv tNmZn-®-Xn-Xm-bn-cp∂p: ""Awtd, \nß-sf-t∏m-gmWv P\-ßsf ASn-a-I-fm-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bXv? Ah-cpsS amXm-°ƒ Ahsc kzX-¥-cm-bn-´m-Wt√m ]k-hn-®-Xv.''

ASn-a-ØsØ kw_-‘n® Ckvem-an-I- k-ao-]-\-Øns‚ A¥- ØFs¥∂v Da-dp¬ ^mdq-Jns‚ Cu tNmZyw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. bYm¿Y hntam-N\w DZvtLm-jn-°p∂ Ckvemw Ncn-X-Øn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ ASn-a-Ø-hp-ambn Hcn-°epw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.


Ccp-]-sØ´v

Ckvem-ans‚ ]Nm-c-WhpwBbp-[-]-tbm-Khpw

""C¥y-bn¬ apkvenw-Iƒ \yq\-]-£-am-b-Xn-\m-et√ Rßƒs°-XnscPnlmZv \S-Øm-ØXv? Ckvemw Im^n-dp-Iƒs°-Xnsc PnlmZv sNøm≥I¬]n-°p-∂nt√?''

C¥y-bnse apkvenw-Iƒ PnlmZv \S-Øp-∂n-s√∂ [mcW icn-b-√. ImcWw apgp-h≥ hnizm-kn-Ifpw PnlmZv \n¿h-ln-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. AXn¬\n∂v amdn\n¬°m≥ B¿°pw A\p-hm-Z-an-√. \c-I-in-£-bn¬\n∂v c£-t\-Sm\pw kz¿K-e-_v[n°pw AX-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""hniz-kn-®-h-tc, thZ-\-tb-dnb in£-bn¬\n∂v \nßsftamNn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp hym]m-c-sØ-°p-dn®v \nßƒ°p Rm\-dn-bn®p Xc-s´tbm? \nßƒ ssZh-Ønepw Ahs‚ ZqX-\nepw hniz-kn-°p-I. \nß-fpsS Poh-[\m-Zn-I-fm¬ ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ PnlmZv \S-Øp-I. AXmWv\nßƒ°p-Ø-aw. \nßƒ Adn-bp-∂-h-sc-¶n¬.'' (61: 10-˛11)

"PnlmZv sNøp-∂-hcpw £a Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-h-cp-am-sW∂v hy‡-am°-s∏-SmsX kz¿K-]-thiw km[y-a-s√∂p' Jp¿-B≥ ]Jym-]n-°p∂p(3: 142). apkvenw-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ \ntbm-K-e£yw Xs∂ PnlmZv \n¿h-ln-°-e-sX. ""ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ bYm-hn[n PnlmZv sNøp-I. Xs‚ ZuXy-Øn-\p-th≠n \nßsf \ntbm-Kn-®Xv Ah-\m-Wv. aX-Øn¬ \nßƒ-s°mcp ¢njvS-Xbpw Ah-\p-≠m-°n-bn-ń-√.''(22: 78)

PnlmZv B¿s°-¶nepw FXn-cm-sW∂ [mcW ]c-am-_-≤-am-Wv.kXy-kw-ÿm-]-\-Øn-\p≈ \nc-¥-c-b-Xv\-am-W-Xv. taml-ßsf sacp-°n-sb-SpØpw CO-Isf \nb-¥n®pw BK-lß-fpsS ta¬ ta[m-hnXzw]pe¿Ønbpw kz¥w Pohn-XsØ ssZh-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°-\p-cq-]-am-°n,bYm¿Y kXy-hn-izm-kn-bm-hm≥ \S-Øp∂ iaw t]mepw Pnlm-Zm-Wv.bp≤-cw-K-Øp-\n∂v aS-ßth Hcn-°¬ ]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: ""\mw G‰hpwsNdnb Pnlm-Zn¬\n-∂v G‰hpw henb Pnlm-Zn-te-°v Xncn-®p-h-∂n-cn-°p∂p''. ]hm-NI injy≥am¿ tNmZn®p: ""GXmWv G‰hpw henbB PnlmZv?'' \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Acpƒ sNbvXp: ""a\- n-t\m-Sp≈ ka-chpw kz¥-tØm-Sp≈ Pnlm-Zp-am-W-Xv.''

175kvt\l-kw-hmZw

IpSpw-_-Øns‚ Ckvem-ao-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ hnZym-`ym-kw, kwkvIc-Ww, kZp-]-tZiw, in£Ww XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mwPnlm-Zn-epƒs∏-Sp-∂p. kXy-kw-ÿm-]-\-Øn\pw \≥a-bpsS ]Nm-c-W-Øn\pw [¿a-Øns‚ D∂-Xn-°p-am-bp≈ FgpØpw ]kw-Khpwkw`m-j-Whpw N¿®bpw hnZym-`ymk ]Nm-c-W-hp-sa√mw AXn¬s]-Sp-∂p. kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ A`yp-∂Xn e£yw-sh-®p≈ imkvX-˛-km-t¶-Xn-I-˛-km-º-Øn-I-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI˛Iem-˛-km-lnXy ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpwPnlm-Zp-X-s∂. ssZhnI k≥am¿K-Øns‚ kwÿm-]-\-Øn-\mbn \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ kI-e- i-a-ßfpw ssZh-am¿KØnse Pnlm-Zm-Wv. ka-K-am-sbmcp ]Z-am-W-Xv. _p≤n-]-c-ambpw Nn¥m-]-c-am-bp-ap≈ hnπ-h-ß-fp-≠m-°m\pw P\-ß-fpsS hnIm-c-ßfpw Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw kwkvI-cn-°m\pw, Ah-cpsS ho£Ww ssZhnI k≥am¿K-Øn-\-\p-cq-]-am°nam‰m\pw \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ hmNn-Ihpw enJn-X-hp-amb kwcw-`-ßƒsXm´vkXy-Øns‚ iXp-°-tfm-Sp≈ kmbp[ kacw hsc AXv hym]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂p. hy‡n, Xs‚ A`n-am-\hpw Poh\pw kzØpw kwc-£n-°m≥ ian-°p-∂Xpw Pnlm-ZvX-s∂; B am¿K-Ønse acWw ssZh-k-c-Wn-bnse c‡-km-£n-Xz-hpw.

AXn-\m¬, apkvenw-Iƒ \yq\m¬ \yq\-]-£-am-bmepw alm-`q-cn-]-£-am-bmepw PnlmZv \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. kml-N-cy-amWv AXns‚ coXn\n›-bn-°p-I. AXv Aap-kvenw-Iƒs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ kmbp[ ka-ctambp≤tam A√. ssZhn-I-am¿K-Ønse XymK-]-cn-i-a-am-Wv.

tNmZy-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-´-t]mse Aap-kvenw-I-sf√mw Im^n-dp-I-f-√. Im^n¿ F∂Xv Ckvem-anse Hcp kmt¶-Xn-I-]-Z-am-Wv. kXyhpwk≥am¿Khpw bYm-hn[n a\- n-em-°nb tijhpw t_m[-]q¿hwAXns\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-\mWv Im^n¿. Im^n-dp-I-tfmSpw A\n-hm-cy-amb Imc-W-an-√msX Bbp-[-sa-SpØv AS-cm-Sm≥ Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. Ah¿ apkvenw`qcn-]£ ]tZ-i-Øm-bmepw \yq\-]-£- \m-Sp-I-fn-em-bmepw icn.""apl-ΩZv \_n Xs∂ \nc-h[n bp≤w \S-Øn-bn-ńt√? Ckvem-ans‚]Nm-c-W-Øn¬ apJy ]¶p-h-ln-®Xv Bbp-[-]-tbm-K-at√?''

apl-ΩZv \_n ]hm-N-I-Xz- e-œn-°p-tijw \o≠ ]Xn-aq-∂p- h¿jwa°-bn¬ Ckvem-anI ]t_m-[\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øn. B L´-Øn¬ Ckvem-ans‚ iXp-°ƒ ]hm-N-I-s\bpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw\n¿Zbw a¿Zn-®p. sImSnb ]oU-\-ßƒ°n-c-bm-°n. Ak-ly-amw-hn[wAh-tl-fn-°p-Ibpw \mń¬\n∂v _ln-jvI-cn-°p-I-bpw -sN-bvXp. At∏m-sgm∂pw ]hm-N-I≥ Ahsb ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-Itbm ]Xn-Im-c -\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm ]Xym-I-a-W-ßƒ \S-Øp-Itbm sNbvXn-√.A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Xncn-®-Sn-°m≥ A\p-hmZw Bcm-s™-¶nepw \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. "ssIIƒ AS-°n-h-bv°p-I. \a-kvImcw \njvT-tbmsS \n¿h-ln-°p-I. kImØv \¬Ip-I' F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah-tcm-Sp≈ ssZh-im-k-\.


a°-bn¬ PohnXw Zp -l-am-b-t∏mƒ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw \mSp-hn-´p. Ah¿ aZo-\-bn¬ A`bw tXSn. AhnsS Ah¿ÿm]n® Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Øn\pw cmjvS-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc iXp-°ƒXß-fpsS FXn¿∏pw AXn-I-ahpw XpS¿∂p. At∏mƒ amX-amWv ]hm-N-I∂pw A\p-N-c≥am¿°pw Xncn-®-Sn-°m≥ A\p-hmZw e`n-®-Xv.A√mlp Adn-bn®p: ""Xo¿®-bmbpw A√mlp kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°p-th≠n ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂p. A√mlp IrX-Lv\-cmb h©-IscbmscbpwCjvS-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. B¿s°-Xnsc bp≤w \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂pthm B AI-a-Øn-\n-c-bm-Ip-∂-h¿°v Xncn-®-Sn-°m≥ A\p-aXn \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.ImcWw Ah¿ a¿Zn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. \n›-b-ambpw Ahsc klm-bn-°m≥ Ign-hp-‰-h-\sX A√m-lp. Rß-fpsS \mY≥ ssZh-amWv F∂p]d-™-X-√msX bmsXmcp \ymb-hp-an-√msX kz¥w hoSp-I-fn¬\n∂v]pd-Øm-°-s∏-´-h-cm-W-h¿. A√mlp Nne-sc-s°m≠v a‰p Nnesc XS-™n-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ aT-ßfpw tZhm-e-b-ßfpw ]m¿Y\m aµn-c-ßfpw ssZ-h-\maw [mcm-f-ambn kvacn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]≈n-Ifpw XI¿°-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp∂p. Xs∂ klm-bn-°p-∂-hsc A√m-lphpw klm-bn-°p-I-Xs∂ sN-øpw. Xo¿®-bmbpw i‡\pw AP-ø-\p-am-Ip∂p A√m-lp.'' (22: 38-˛40)

Ckvemw bp≤w A\p-h-Zn-®Xv F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Bcm-[-\m- kzm-X-¥yw kwc-£n-°m-\m-sW∂v Cu hnip≤ hN\w Ak-µn-Kv[-ambnhy‡-am-°p-∂p.

AXn-Iaw ImWn-°m-Ø-h-cm-scbpw AI-an-°m≥ Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. Btcm-Sm-Wv, Ft∏m-gmWv bp≤w A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´XpwB⁄m-]n-°-s∏-´-Xp-sa∂v hy‡-am-°p∂ \nc-h[n Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ß-fp-≠v. NneXp amX-an-hnsS D≤-cn-°mw:

""\nß-tfmSv bp≤w sNøp-∂-h-tcmSv A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬\nßfpw bp≤w sNøpI. \nßƒ AXn-Iaw ]h¿Øn-°-cp-Xv. AXn-I-a-Im-cn-Isf Hcn-°epw A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. bp≤-Øn¬ G‰p-ap-´p-tºmƒ Ahsc I≠n-S-Øp-h®v \nßƒ sIm∂p-I-f-bp-I. Ah¿\nßsf ]pdw-X-≈nb am¿K-Øn-eqsS \nßƒ Ah-scbpw ]pd-¥-≈p-I. Ipg∏w sIme-]m-X-I-sØ-°mƒ Kpcp-X-c-a-sX. a°-bnse ]≈n-bpsS]cn-k-c-Øp-h®v \nß-f-h-tcmSv bp≤w sNø-cp-Xv, Ah¿ AhnsS h®v\nß-tfmSv bp≤w sNøp-∂-Xp-h-sc. C\n, \nßt-fm-S-h¿ bp≤w sNbvXm-¬ B bp≤-Øn¬ \nßƒ°-hsc h[n-°mw. A]-Im-c-amWv \ntj-[n-I-fpsS ]Xn-^-ew. AY-hm, Ah¿ hnc-an-®m¬ s]mdp-°p-∂-h\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-am-Ip∂p A√m-lp. \miw C√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw hnt[-bXzw ssZh-Øn-\m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-hsc \nß-f-h-tcmSv bp≤w sNøp-I. AYhmAh¿ hnc-an-®m¬ ]ns∂ AI-an-I-tfm-S-√msX iXp-X-bn-√.''(2: 190- 192)

""Ah¿ kam-[m-\-Øn-te°v Xncn-™m¬ \obpw AXn-te°p Xncn-bpI''(8: 61). Ctßm´p bp≤-Øn-s\m-cp-ßnb iXp-°-tfmSv bp≤-Øn\vCu hn[w A\p-a-Xnbpw B⁄bpw \¬Ip-tºmgpw AXn-I-atam A\o-Xntbm Acp-sX∂v aX-a-\p-im-kn-°p-∂p. ""\nßsf ]pWy-`-h-\-Øn¬

177kvt\l-kw-hmZw

\n∂v XS-™p-sh-∂-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Hcp P\-X-tbm-Sp≈ hntZz-jw, AXn-Iaw sNøm≥ \nßsf t]cn-∏n-°-cp-Xv. ]pWy-Øn\pw kq£va-X-tbmSpIqSnb Pohn-X-Øn\pw th≠n \nßƒ ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-°p-I. ]m]-Øn\pw iXp-Xbv°pw th≠n \nßƒ kl-I-cn-°-cp-Xv. \nßƒ A√m-lpsh kq£n-°p-I. Xo¿®-bmbpw ITn-\-ambn in£n-°p-∂-h-\m-Ip∂pA√m-lp.'' (5: 2)

""Hcp P\-X-tbm-Sp≈ hntcm[w \nßsf \oXn-bn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-∏n-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p. \oXn ]men-°p-hn≥. AXmWv `‡n°vA\p-tbm-Pyw. ssZh- -‡n-bp-≈-h-cmbn h¿Øn-°p-I. \nßƒ ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-sXm-s°bpw A√mlp kq£va-ambn Adn-bp-∂p-≠v.''(5: 8)

Xß-tfmSv bp≤-Øn\p hcm-Ø-h-tcmSv kzoI-cn-t°≠ kao-]-\-sa-s¥∂v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p-∂p≠v: ""aX-Øns‚ t]cn¬ \nß-tfmSv bp≤w sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw \nß-fpsS h\-ß-fn¬\n∂v \nßsf ]pd-Øm-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-tcmSv \nßƒ\∑ sNøp-∂-Xn-s\tbm \oXn ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-s\tbm A√mlp hne-°p-∂n-√. \n›-b-ambpw A√mlp \oXn-am-∑msc CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. aX-Øns‚ t]cn¬ \nß-tfmSp bp≤w sNøp-Ibpw \nß-fpsS `h-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v \nßsf ]pd-Øm-°p-Ibpw \nßsf ]pdw-X-≈m≥ iXp-°sfklm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-hsc anX-ß-fm-°p-∂-Xns\ amXta A√mlp\ntcm-[n-°p-∂p-≈q. A°q-´sc Bsc-¶nepw anX-ß-fm-°n-bm¬ Ah-csX AI-an-Iƒ''(60:8˛9).

hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ B⁄-Iƒ°pw A[ym-]-\-ßƒ°p-a-\p-k-cn®v]h¿Øn® ]hm-N-I≥(-k) Ckvem-an-s\bpw apkvenw-I-sfbpw AI-an-°pIbpw Xß-tfmSv bp≤w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-tcmSv amX-amWvAS-cm-Sn-b-Xv. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØv BsI F¨]-sØm∂vt]mcm- -ß-fm-Wv \S-∂-Xv. AXn¬ 27 FÆ-Øn-emWv ]hm-N-I≥ t\cn´p]s¶-Sp-ØXv. a‰v 54 FÆw A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS kwL-ßƒ \bn® kwL-´-\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu 81 bp≤-ß-fn-ep-ambn BsI h[n-°-s∏-´Xv 1018t]cm-Wv. 259 apkvenw-Ifpw 759 iXp-°-fpw. A\n-hm-cy-amb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ bp≤w \bn®v \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Iq´-s°m-e-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n Hgn-hm-°m-\mWv ian-®n-cp-∂-sX∂v Cu IW-°p-Iƒ kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

a¿Zn-X-cpsS tamN-\-Øn-\mbn a¿Z-I-tcmSv s]mcp-Xm≥ CkvemwAXns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Isf Blzm\w sNøp∂p: ""A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ F¥p-sIm≠v \nßƒ bp≤w sNøp-∂n√? "Rß-fpsS \mYm,AI-an-I-fp-tS-Xmb Cu \mń¬\n∂v Rßsf \o tamNn-∏n-t°-W-ta,\n∂n¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp c£-Is\ \o Rßƒ°p \¬tI-W-ta,\n∂n¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp klm-bnsb \o Rßƒ°p Xtc-Wta!' F∂p]m¿Yn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Zp¿_-e-cmb ]pcp-j-∑m-cp-sSbpw kvXoI-fp-sSbpwIpń-I-fp-sSbpw tamN-\-am¿K-Ønepw \nß-sf-¥p-sIm≠v s]mcp-Xp-


∂n√?''(4: 75).Cu imk\ ]men®v apkvenw-Iƒ tdmam-˛-t]¿jy≥ kmam-Py-ß-

fpsS ]nSn-bn¬s]´v ASn-bm-f-cmbn \c-I-bm-X-\-b-\p-`-hn® P\-hn-`m-K-ßsf tamNn-∏n-°m≥ ian-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. XZv -e-ambn ]kvXpX kmam-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ Ckvem-ap-ambn G‰p-ap-ń. Ah ]cm-P-b-a-S™v XI¿∂-t∏mƒ tImf-\n-I-fm-bn-cp∂ Cdm≥, Cdm-Jv, kndnb, tPm¿Zm≥, ê-kvXzo≥, CuPn]vXv t]mep≈ cmPy-ßƒ kzX-¥-am-hp-Ibpw Ckvem-an-I- cm-jvS-Øns‚ `mK-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tdmam-˛-t]¿jy≥ kmam-Py-ßsf ITn-\-ambn shdp-Øn-cp∂ Xt±-io-b¿ apkvenw-I-fpsS BKa\wBh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kl¿jw kzmKXw sNøp-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. Cu hn[wCkvem-ans‚ Iogn¬ h∂ \nhm-kn-I-fn-em-scbpw aXwam‰-Øn\v apkvenw-Iƒ \n¿_-‘n-®n-cp-∂n-√. AXn\v Ckvemw Bscbpw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p-an√.

Ckvem-an¬ BIr-jvS-cmbn kzbw AXv kzoI-cn-°m≥ k∂-≤-cm-b-h¿ apkvenw-I-fm-hp-Ibpw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂-h¿ ]q¿hn-I- a-X-Øn¬-Xs∂ XpS-cp-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ckvem-ans‚]t_m-[-\hpw ]Nm-c-Whpw Bbp-[-]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsStbm A[n-Im-c-i-‡n-bpsS \n¿_‘w hgntbm Bbn-cp-∂n-√. \njv]-£-cmb Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m-sc√mw C°mcyw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn- p-≠v. Ckvemw]N-cn-®Xv hmfp-sIm-≠m-sW∂ hymP-]-Nm-c-WsØ Jfin-®p-sIm≠vk¿ tXmakv B¿WƒUv _rl-Ømb Hcp KŸw Xs∂ cNn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. At±-l-Øns‚ "Ckvemw: ]t_m-[-\hpw ]Nm-chpw' F∂IrXn hnhn[ \mSp-I-fn¬ Ckvemw ]N-cn® ]›m-Øew hni-Z-ambnhnh-cn®v ]m›m-Xy-cpsS Btcm-]-W-ßƒ Xo¿Øpw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW∂v ka¿Yn-°p-∂p. a[y-]q¿h-tZ-isØ Ckvem-ans‚ hym]\whnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v B¿WƒUv Fgp-Xp∂p: ""taep-≤-cn® DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn¬\n∂v ssIkvXh tKmX-ßƒ kza-\- mse Ckvemw kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-sX∂v \ap°v Duln-°mw. tPXm-°-fmb apkvenw-IfpwXpS¿∂p≈ apkvenw Xe-ap-d-Ifpw Ah-tcmSp ImWn® kln-jvWpXAßs\ Dd-∏n-°m-\mWv \sΩ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS CS-bn¬ Ct∏mgpw Pohn-°p∂ ssIkvXh Ad-_n-Iƒ Cu kln-jvWp-X-bpsS Poh-\p≈ sXfn-hp-I-fmWv'' (t]Pv 64). At±lw Xs∂ XpS-cp∂p: ""ssIkvXhtcmSv apkvenw c-W-Øns‚ BZy-Im-eØv ImWn®kln-jvWp-X-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ hmfmWv aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ apJyD]-I-cWw F∂ hmZw H´pw Xr]vXn-I-c-a-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip∂p''(t]Pv 83).

C¥y-bnse Ckvem-anI ]Nm-c-WsØ kw_-‘n®v tUm. Cuizcn]kmZv ]d-bp∂p: ""DtZym-K-ta-∑bv°pw ^yqU¬ ÿm\-ßƒ°pwsImXn-®n-cp∂ Iptd-tbsd kh¿W¿ apkvenw c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ckvem-an-te°v h∂p. F∂m¬ IqSp-Xepw Xmgv∂ PmXn-bn¬ s]´ A[x-Ir-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. AXn\p ImcWw Iqc-amb PmXn-hy-hÿ lnµp-a-X-Øn¬Ah¿°v arK-Xp-eyX amX-amWv \¬In-b-sX∂pw Ckvemw ka-Xz-km-

179kvt\l-kw-hmZw

tlm-Zcyw kw`m-h\ sNbvXp-sh-∂-Xp-amWv''(Ram Gopal, Indian MuslimsA Political History, P. 2).

tUm. tdmbv Nu[cn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""_wKm-fnse ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏Á[x-IrX h¿K-Øn\v Ckvemw Hcm-izm-khpw km¥z-\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.kh¿W]oU-bn¬\n∂pw Hcp hcw Inń-bn-s´-∂-t]mse Ah¿ ]nS-s™-gp-t∂‰p'' (Dr. Roy Choudary, Histoy of Muslim Rule, P. 14 D≤-cWw:Ncn-X-]m-T-ßƒ, t]Pv 344).

Zo¿L-Imew _wKmƒ knhn¬ k¿ho-kn-em-bn-cp∂ k¿ sl≥SntIm´≥ India and Home affairs F∂ KŸ-Øn-se-gp-Xp∂p: ""Ing-°≥ _w-Km-fnse apkvenw-Iƒ apgps° A[x-Ir-Xcpw A[x-ÿn-X-cp-amb lnµp-°-fpsS k¥m-\-]-c-º-c-bm-Wv. kmaq-ln-I-\o-Xn-°p-th≠n aX-]-cn-h¿-Ø\w sNbvX-h-cmWv Ah-cpsS ]nXm-°-∑m¿''(D-≤-cWw: Ibid t]Pv:335).

l¿_≥kv apJnb Fgp-Xp∂p: ""aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w \S-∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂Imcyw Bcpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂n-√. _lp-P-\-X-e-Øn-e-[n-Ihpw kw`-hn-®Xv kzta-[bm Bbn-cp-∂p. P\-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw Ah-tcmSv Ah-cpsS `mj-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-t]m∂ kzqô-k-\ym-kn-am-cpsS kzm[o-\-i-‡n-sIm-≠mhmw Aßs\ kw`-hn-®Xv''-(h¿Ko-bXbpw ]mNo\ `mcX NcnXcN-\-bpw, t]Pv 48).

alm-flm-Km‘n Fgp-Xp∂p: ""C∂p a\p-jy-h¿K-Ønse P\-ß-fpsSlrZ-b-ß-fn¬, \n¿hn-hm-Z-amb B[n-]Xyw ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcm-fpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ G‰hpw DØ-a-amb hiw Adn-bm≥ Rm≥ ian-®p. A°m-eØv Pohn-X-k-c-Wn-bn¬ Ckvem-an\v ÿm\w t\Sn-s°m-Sp-ØXv hmfm-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v apsº-∂-tØ-°mfpw F\n°p t_m[y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.]hm-N-Is‚ AN-©-e-amb emfn-Xyhpw DZm-Ø-amb Bfl-_-ehpw]Xn-⁄-I-tfm-Sp≈ ZrV-amb ]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw Iq´p-Im-tcmSpw A\p-bm-bn-I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ AXn-c‰ A¿∏-Whpw \n¿`-b-Xzhpw ssZh-ØnepwXs‚ ZuXy-Øn-ep-ap≈ ]c-a-amb hnizm-k-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p, hmfm-bn-cp-∂n√F√m-‰n-s\bpw Ah-cpsS apºn-se-Øn-®Xpw F√m XS- -ß-sfbpwAXnPo-hn-°m≥ klm-bn-®Xpw''(bßv C¥y 16-˛9-˛1924).

]m›m-Xy≥ KŸ-Im-c-\mb anÃ¿ tdms_¿´v sk≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:""aXm-th-ihpw CXc aX-ÿ-tcm-Sp≈ kln-jvWp-X-bpsS ssNX-\yhpwHcp-t]mse \ne-\n¿Øn-b-h¿ apkvenw-Iƒ amX-am-Ip-∂p. Ah¿ hmsf-Sp-Ø-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Ckvem-an¬ Xm¬]-cy-an-√m-Ø-hsc Ah-cpsSaXw apdpsI ]nSn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn''(Civilization of Arabs,D≤-cWw: Ckvemapw aX-k-ln-jvWp-Xbpw, t]Pv 68).

]hm-N-I≥ ]s¶-Sp-ØXpw \bn-®-Xp-amb bp≤-ßƒ A\n-hmcykml-N-cy-Øn¬ AXn-I-a-ßsf ]Xn-tcm-[n-°m\pw A\o-XnbpwA[¿ahpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m\pw th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ckvemw]N-cn-®Xv hmfm-em-sW∂ hmZw hymPm-tcm-]Ww amX-am-sW∂pw Cuhn[w hkvXp-X-Isf hni-I-e\w sNøm≥ k∂-≤-cm-b-h-sc√mw kwi-b-te-i-at\y hy‡-am-°nb hkvXp-X-b-sX.


Ccp-]-sØm-ºXv

Ckvem-an-I- `-c-W-Ønse aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ

""C¥y-bn-¬ `qcn-]£w lnµp-°-fm-b-Xn-\m-et√ F√m aX-°m¿°pwXpeym-h-Imiw \¬Ip∂ sk°p-e-cnkw ChnsS \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv? qcn-]£w apkvenw-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ C¥ybpw aXm-[n-jvTnX Ckvem-anI cmjvS-am-hp-Ibpw a‰p aXm-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ c≠mw-Xcw ]uc-∑m-cm-hp-Itbm aXw-am-dm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-hp-Itbm sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂nt√?''

kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ Kpcp-X-c-amb sX‰n≤m-c-W-I-fmWvCØcw kwi-b-ßƒ°v Imc-Ww. apkvenw-Iƒ `qcn-]-£-ap≈ \mSp-I-sf√mw aXm-[n-jvTnX Ckvem-an-I-cm-jvS-ß-fm-sW∂ [mcW icn-b-√.Ckvem-an-I-hy-hÿ bYm-hn[n \S-∏m-°-s∏-Sp∂ cmPy-ßƒ amXtaCkvem-an-I-cm-jvS-sa∂ hnti-j-W-Øn\v A¿l-am-hp-I-bp-≈q. \ne-hn-ep≈ apkvenw \mSp-Iƒ A∆n[w sNøm-Ø-Xn-\m-emWv temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw amXrIm Ckvem-anI cmjvS-ßƒ ImW-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xv. mKn-I-ambnCkvem-an-I-hy-hÿ \S-∏m-°p∂ \mSp-I-fp-≠v. Ah AX-tØm-ftaCkvem-an-I-am-hp-I-bp-≈q.

Ckvem-an-I-cm-jvS-Ønse Aapkvenw ]uc-∑m¿°v Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-ßƒ h®p-]p-e¿Øm\pw Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°m\pwBNm-c-ßƒ ]n¥p-S-cm\pw kzmX-¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. BcpsS taepwCkvem-ans\ ASn-t®¬]n-°p-Itbm Bsc-sb-¶nepw aXw amdm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p-Itbm C√. Aßs\ sNøp-∂Xv Ckvemw IWn-i-ambn hne-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p: ""aX-Øn¬ Hcp-hn[ \n¿_-‘-hp-an-√. k∑m¿Kw anYym-[m-c-W-I-fn¬ \n∂v th¿Xn-cn™v Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p-.''(Jp. 2: 256).

""\o hnfw-_cw sNøpI: CXv \nß-fpsS \mY-\n¬\n-∂p-≈ kXy-am-Ip-∂p. CjvS-ap-≈-h¿°nXv kzoI-cn-°mw. CjvS-ap-≈-h¿°v \ntj-[n-°mw.'' (Jp. 18:29).

ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿°p-t]mepw aXw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Bscbpw \n¿_-‘n-°m≥ A\p-hm-Z-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p: ""P\-ßƒhnizm-kn-I-fm-Im≥ \o Ahsc \n¿_-‘n-°p-Itbm? ssZh-ln-X-an-√msX

181kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Hcmƒ°pw hniz-kn°pI km[y-a√''(Jp. 6: 69).""\_n-tb, \o DZvt_m-[n-∏n®psIm≠n-cn-°p-I. \o DZvt_m-[-I≥

amX-am-Ip-∂p. \o Ahsc \n¿_-‘n®v hgn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h-s\m-∂p-a-√.''(Jp. 88: 21,22).

temI-Ønse BZysØ Ckvem-an-I-cm-jvS-amb aZo-\-bn¬, AXns‚ÿm]-I-\mb \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ°v A\p-h-Zn-®-Xp-t]m-ep-≈ kzmX-¥yhpw kuI-cyhpw at‰-sX-¶nepw aXm-[n-jvTnX \mSp-I-fntem aX-\n-c-t]£ cmPy-ß-fntem ImW-s∏-Sp-tam-sb∂v \ymb-ambpwkwi-bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. aZo\ AwKo-I-cn®v ]Jym-]n® ]am-W-Øn¬ Cßs\ ImWmw: ""\ΩpsS c-W-km-tlm-Z-cy-ko-a-bn¬s]-Sp∂PqX-∑m¿°v h¿Km-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ]£-]m-X-]-c-amb s]cp-am-‰-ß-fn¬\n∂pw tZml-ß-fn¬\n∂pw c£ \¬Ipw. \ΩpsS klm-b-Øn\pwZbm-\n-c-X-amb kwc-£-W-Øn\pw apkvenw kap-Zm-bmw-K-ß-sf-t∏mseAh¿°pw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. apkvenw-I-fp-ambn tN¿∂v Ah¿ GI LS-\-bp-≈ Hcp cmjvS-am-bn-Øo-cpw. apkvenw-I-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ Ah¿°pwkzX-¥-ambn Xß-fpsS aXw BN-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.''

k¿ tXmakv B¿WƒUv Fgp-Xp∂p: ""apl-ΩZv ]e Ad_v˛-ssIkvXh tKmX-ß-fpambpw k‘n-bn-te¿s∏- n-cp-∂p. Ah¿°t±lwkwc-£-Whpw kz¥w aX-am-N-cn-°m-\p≈ kzmX-¥yhpw \¬In''-(Ckvemw: ]t_m-[-\hpw ]Nm-c-hpw, ]pdw 60).

]hm-N-Is‚ ]mX ]n¥p-S¿∂v apgp-h≥ apkvenw- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IfpwkzoI-cn® kao-]-\hpw CXp-X-s∂. C¥ym Ncn-X-Øn¬ Gsd sX‰n≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hna¿i-\-hn-t[-b-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvX Hudw-K-ko-_ns‚aXkao-]-\-Øn¬ ]I-S-am-bn-cp∂ kln-jvWp-Xsb kw_-‘n®v Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ lman¬´¨ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""lnµp-°ƒ°v ]cn-]q-¿Wamb aX-kzm-X¥yw e`n-°p-∂p-s≠-∂-Xn\v ]pdsa sslµ-h- cm-Pm-°-∑m-cpsSIogn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºm-sgms° Ah¿ \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ hX-ßfpw D’-h-ßfpw BtLm-jn-°m-\p≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. aod‰v \K-c-Øn¬ amXw sslµ-h-hn-`m-K-Øn¬ \qdn¬]cw hyXykvX hn`m-K-ß-fp-s≠-¶nepw Ah¿ XΩn¬ ]m¿Y-\-I-fp-sStbm kn≤m-¥-ß-fp-sStbmt]cn¬ bmsXmcp hn[ hnhm-Zhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. GsXm-cmƒ°pwAbm-fm-K-ln-°p∂ hn[w ssZhm¿®-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-hm\pw Bcm-[n-°m-\p-ap≈ kzmX-¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. aX-[zw-k-\-ßƒ A⁄m-X-asX''(Alaxander Hamilton, A new Account of the East Indies, Vol. 1, PP. 159, 162, 163).

apkvenw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v \n¿_-‘n-°p-Itbm kΩ¿Zw sNep-Øp-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \o≠ \nc-h[n\q‰m-≠p-I-fpsS `c-W-Øn\p tijhpw apkvenw-I-fn-hnsS \yq\-]-£-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v kphn-Zn-X-am-W-t√m.

Ckvem-anI `c-W-Øn¬ aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ°v ]q¿W-amb Bcm-[-\m-kzm-X¥yw \¬I-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. \Pvdm-\nse InkvXym-\n-I-fp-ambn


]hm-N-I-\p-≠m-°nb k‘n-hy-h-ÿ-I-fn¬ Cßs\ ImWmw. ""\Pvdm-\nse ssIkvX-h¿°pw Ah-cpsS kl-hm-kn-Iƒ°pw ssZh-Øns‚A`-bhpw ssZh-Zq-X-\mb apl-Ω-Zns‚ kwc-£-tWm-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-hp-ap-≠v. Ah-cpsS Poh≥, aXw, `qan, [\w F∂n-hbv°pw Ah-cn¬lmP-dp-≈-h∂pw C√m-Ø-h∂pw Ah-cpsS H´-Ißƒ°pw \nth-Z-I-kw-L-ßƒ°pw Ipcn-iv, N¿®v t]mep≈ aX-Nn-”-ßƒ°pw th≠n-bm-Wn-Xv. \ne-hn-ep≈ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Hcp am‰hpw hcp-Øp-∂-X-√. Ah-cpsS bmsXm-c-h-Im-ihpw Hcp aX-Nn-”hpw am‰-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√. Ah-cpsS]mXn-cntbm ]ptcm-ln-Xt\m N¿®v tkh-It\m Xs‚ ÿm\Øv \n∂v\o°s∏Sp-∂-X-√.''

H∂mw Jeo^ A_q-_Iv¿ kzn±o-Jv(-d) lodm-hm-kn-I-fp-ambn H∏p-h® k‘n-hy-h-ÿ-I-fn-en-ßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßfpw I\o-kp-Ifpw iXp-°-fn¬\n∂v c£ t\Sp∂ tIm -Ifpw s]mfn-®p-am-‰-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√. aWn-b-Sn-°p-∂tXm s]cp-∂m-fn\v Ipcniv Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂tXm XS-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-a-√.''

a[y-]q¿h-tZ-isØ ssIkvX-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ apkvenw `c-W-Øn\vIogn¬ kºq¿W aX-kzm-X¥yw A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ hf-sc-tbsdkwXr-]vX-cm-bn-cp-∂p. \o≠ A©p \q‰m-≠p-Imew Ckvem-an-Im-[n-]XywA\p-`-hn-®-ti-jhpw Cu Ah-ÿ-bn-semcp am‰hpw kw`-hn-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂v ]¥≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ c≠mw ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ At¥m-Iy-bnsebmt°m-_mb ]mXn-bm¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ henb ssa°-ens‚ ]kvXm-h\ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p-∂p. tdma≥ c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂lncm-¢n-b-kns‚ a¿Z\ IY-Iƒ hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p:""Cß-s\-bmWv k¿h-i-‡\pw a\p-jy-cpsS kmam-Py-ßƒ Xs‚ lnX-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v am‰n-a-dn-°p-∂-h\pw Xm\n-On-°p-∂-h¿°v kmamPyw\¬Ip-∂-h\pw ]mh-ßsf D≤-cn-°p-∂-h-\p-amb ]Xn-Im-c-Øns‚ssZhw Civta-ens‚ k¥m-\-ßsf tdma≥ Ic-ß-fn¬\n∂pw \sΩc£n-°m-\mbn sX°p-\n∂p sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. tdma-°m¿ \ΩpsS N¿®p-Ifpw aT-ßfpw Ih¿® sNøp-∂Xpw \sΩ \n¿Zbw a¿Zn-°p-∂XpwssZhw t\m°n-°m-Wp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ \ap-°¬]w \jvSwkw -hn-®n- p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv Im¬kn-tUm-Wn-b≥ ]£-Øp-\n∂v G¬]n-°-s∏´ \ΩpsS N¿®p-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ Xs∂ tijn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v D≠m-bXp amX-am-Wv. Ad-_n-Iƒ \K-c-ßƒ A[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw ssIh-i-ap≈ N¿®p-Iƒ Aß-s\-Øs∂\ne-\n¿Øn. GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw tdma-°m-cpsS Iqc-X-bn¬-\n∂pw \oN-Xz-Øn¬\n∂pw tcmj-Øn¬\n∂pw aXm-th-i-Øn¬-\n∂pw c£ ]m]n-°p-Ibpw \mw kam-[m-\-Øn¬ Ign-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-∂Xv H´pw\n m-c-Im-cy-a√''(Michael the elder Vol. 2, PP. 412, 413. D≤-c-Ww: k¿tXmakv B¿WƒUv, Ckvemw ]t_m-[-\hpw ]Nm-c-hpw, ]pdw 67).

C¥y-bnse apkvenw B[n-]-XysØ kw_-‘n®v io. Cuizcn

183kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]kmZv ]d-bp∂p: ""apkvenw-Iƒ Iog-S-°-s∏´ P\-Xbv°v Bcm-[\mkzmX¥yw A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw Ah-tcmSv kln-jvWp-Xm-]q¿hw s]cp-am-dp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.''(History of Muslim Rule, Page 46).

tUmIvS¿ Xmcm-Nµv Fgp-Xp∂p: ""apkvenw tPXm-°ƒ ]cm-Pn-X-tcmSvhfsc \∂mbn s]cp-am-dn. lnµp ]fin-X-∑m¿°pw ]qPm-cn-am¿°pwXß-fpsS tZhm-e-b-ßƒ°pw N´-∏-Sn-bp≈ Ah-Imiw \¬Im≥ I¿j-Isc A\p-h-Zn-®p.''(Ibid, Page 49).

aI≥ lpa-bq-Wn\v _m_¿ NI-h¿Øn \¬Inb At¥ym-]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ lnµpk-tlm-Z-c-∑m-tcmSv AXyp-Zm-c-ambn s]cp-am-dm-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. tUm. cmtP-µ-]-kmZv Dƒs∏sS D≤-cn® ]kvXpXAt¥ym-]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Cßs\ ImWmw: ""C¥y aX-ssh-hn-[y-ß-fpsS\mSmWv. AXn¬ \o \µn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. A√m-lp \n\°v A[n-Imcw \¬In-bm¬ \o aX-]-£-]m-XnXzw ImWn-°-cp-Xv. sslµ-h-cpsSlrZbw hW-s∏Spw hn[w ]ip-°sf Adp-°-cp-Xv. AXp sNbvXm¬P\w \ns∂ shdp-°pw. t£X-ßfpw Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßfpw XI¿°-cpXv. `c-Wm-[n-Imcn `c-Wo-b-scbpw `c-Wo-b¿ `c-W-I¿Øm-hn-s\bpwkvt\ln-°p∂ kml-Ncyw krjvSn-°p-I. Zbm-lr-Zbw sIm≠mWvCkvem-ans\ [\y-am-t°-≠-Xv. ASn-®-a¿Ø-en-eqsSb√''(D-≤-c-Ww:anknkv \ntem-^¿ Alva-Zv, C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v H_vP-IvSohv ÃUo-kv,\yqU¬ln).

Bew-Ko¿ \ma-bn-en-ßs\ hmbn°mw: ""Hudw-K-ko-_v _wKm-fnepwBkm-anepw Nne lnµp t£X-ßƒ \n¿an-°p-Ibpw _p≤-K-b°vhºn® qkzØv cmP-Io-b-im-k\ hgn \¬Ip-I-bp-ap-≠mbn''(D≤-cWw:Illustrated weekly, 5.10.'75).

]fin‰v kpµ¿em¬ ]d-bp∂p: ""AIv_¿, Plmw-Ko¿, jmP-lm≥F∂n-h-cpsS ImeØpw Hudw-K-ko-_n-s‚bpw ]n≥Km-an-I-fp-sSbpwImeØpw lnµp-°-tfmSpw apkvenw-I-tfmSpw Htc kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. c≠p aX-ßfpw Xpey-ambn BZ-cn-°-s∏-´p. aX-Øns‚t]cn¬ BtcmSpw Hcp-hn[ hnth-N-\hpw ImWn-®n-cp-∂n-√. F√m NI-h¿Øn-amcpw \nc-h[n t£X-ßƒ°v Ht´sd `qkz-Øp-°ƒ \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. C∂pw C¥y-bnse hnhn[ t£X-]q-Pm-cn-I-fpsS hiw Hudw-K-ko-_ns‚ H∏p≈ cmP-I¬]\ \ne-hn-ep-≠v. Ah At±lw ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-ßfpw `qkz-Øp-°fpw \¬In-b-Xns‚ kvac-Wn-I-b-sX.CØcw c≠p I¬]-\-Iƒ Ct∏mgpw Ce-lm-_m-Zn-ep-≠v. Ah-bn-sem∂vtkma-\mY t£X-Ønse ]qPm-cn-bpsS hi-amWv''.

CXc aX-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fpsS kwc-£-W-ØnepwCkvem-an-I-cm„w F∂pw Fhn-sSbpw XnI™ i≤bpw PmK-Xbpw]pe¿Øn-t∏m-∂n-´p-≠v. H∂mw Jeo-^-bmb A_q-_Iv¿ kzn±o-Jn-t\mSvcmPysØ ssIkvXh hnizm-kn-Iƒ, Xßƒ ]pXp-Xmbn \n¿an® N¿®vDZvLm-S\w sNøm-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXv Ckvem-an-Im-cm-[-\-bmb \a-


kvImcw \n¿h-ln®v \S-Øn-bm¬ aXn-sb∂v \n¿tZ-in-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. At∏mƒ At±lw ]d™p: ""Rm\Xv DZvLm-S\w sNbvXm¬Fs‚ Ime-tijw bmYm¿Yy-a-dnbmØ-h¿ Rß-fpsS Jeo^ \a-kvI-cn® ÿe-am-sW∂v AXns‚ t]cn¬ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-∂-bn-°p-Ibpw AXv Ipg-∏-ßƒ°n-S-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvtX-°mw.'' Jeo-^-bpsS Bi¶ icn-bm-sW∂p t_m[y-amb ssIkvXh ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS DZy-a-Øn¬\n∂v ]n≥am-dn.

ê-kvXo≥ kµ¿in-°sh \a-kvIm-cka-b-am-b-t∏mƒ c≠mwJeo^ Da-dp¬ ^mdq-Jn-t\mSv Ahn-SsØ ]mXn-bm¿°okv kz^¿\n-bqkv, Xß-fpsS N¿®n¬h®v \a-kvImcw \n¿h-ln-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-´p.F∂m¬ B \n¿tZiw Jeo^ \µn-]q¿hw \nc-kn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. AXn\v At±lw ]d™ Imc-Ww, Xm\-hnsS h®v \a-kvI-cn-®m¬]n¬°m-eØv Ahn-th-In-I-fmb apkvenw-I-fm-sc-¶nepw AXns‚ t]cn¬Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-∂-bn-°p-Ibpw AXv ]≈n-bm°n am‰m≥ ian-°p-IbpwsNbvtX-°p-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AØ-c-sam-c-hn-th-I-Øn\v Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-h-cp-sX∂v \n¿_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Da-dp¬ mdqJv N¿®n\p ]pd-Øp≈Hcp Hgn™ ÿeØv hkvXw hncn®v \a-kvI-cn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

Aap-kvenw-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsS hy‡n-\n-b-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°m≥]q¿W kzmX¥yw \¬Ip∂ Ckvemw Ah-cpsS Hc-h-Im-ihpw l\n-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. ]hm-N-I≥ Xncp-ta\n Acpƒ sNøp∂p: ""kq-£n-®p-sIm-≈p-I, Aapkvenw ]uc-∑msc h√-hcpw ASn-®-a¿Øp-ItbmAh-cpsS ta¬ Ign-hn-\-Xo-X-amb \nIp-Xn-`mcw Npa-Øp-Itbm Ah-tcmSv Iqc-ambn s]cp-am-dp-Itbm Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ shń-°p-d-bv°p-Itbm sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ A¥y-hn[n \mfn¬ Ah¿s°-XnscRm≥ kzbw Xs∂ ]cmXn t_m[n-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv.''(A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv)

""B¿ Aapkvenw ]ucs\ A]m-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂pthm Ah≥ kz¿K-Øns‚ K‘w t]mepw A\p- -hn-°p-I-bn√'' (A-_q-bq-kp- v, InXm-_p¬Jdm-Pv, t]Pv 71).

hnhmlw, hnhm-l-tam-N\w, A\-¥-cm-h-Imiw XpS-ßnb hy‡n-\n-b-a-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]iv\-ß-sf√mw _‘-s∏´ I£n-I-fpsSaXm-Nm-c-]-Im-c-amWv Ckvem-anI tImS-Xn-Iƒ Xo¿∏v I¬]n-°pI. ico-AØv hn[n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ta¬ \S-∏n-em-°p-I-bn-√. \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØv PqX-∑m-cpsS tIkp-Iƒ hnNm-c-W-bv°p- h-∂m¬ aZo-\-bnse "ss_Øp¬ anZvdmkv' F∂ PqX-sk-an-\m-cn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´vAhn-SsØ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-tcmSv tXmd-bnse hn[n-Iƒ At\z-jn®v ]Tn®tijta Ahn-S∂p Xo¿∏v I¬]n-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. (-C_v\p lnimw, kod-Øp-∂-_n, hmfyw 2, ]pdw 201).

k¿ tXmakv B¿WƒUv Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Aapkvenw kaq-l-ßƒan°-hmdpw ]q¿W-amb kzbw`c-Wm-h-Imiw A\p-`hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ Xß-fpsS B`y-¥-c-Im-cy-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøm-

185kvt\l-kw-hmZw

\p≈ kzmX¥yw `c-W-IqSw Ah-cpsS Ic-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ G¬]n-®n-cp-∂p. aX-]-c-amb hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ A[n-ImcwAh-cpsS ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿°v e`n-®p. Ah-cpsS N¿®p-Ifpw aT-ßfpwbmsXmcp Du\hpw X´msX \ne-\n¿Øm-\-\p-h-Zn®p''(Ckvemw: ]t_m-[-\hpw ]Nm-chpw, ]pdw 78).

F∂m¬ Ckvem-an-I-cm-jvS-Øn¬ A\o-Xn-Ifpw hnth-N-\-ßfpw\S-°p-I-bn-√. PmXn˛aX˛-I£n t`Z-at\y \njvIr-jvS-amb \oXn \S-∏n-em-°-s∏Spw. Jp¿-B≥ I¬]n-°p∂p: ""hniz-kn-®-h-tc, \nßƒ A√m-lp-hn\p th≠n t\¿am¿K-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-hcpw \oXn°v km£ywh-ln-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Ip-I. Hcp P\-X-tbm-Sp≈ hntcm[w \oXn \S-∏n-em-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \nßsf t]cn-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°-s´. \oXn ]men-°p-hn≥. AXmWv ssZh-`-‡n°v G‰hpw A\p-tbmPyw''(5:8).

Ckvem-an-I-cm-jvS-Øn¬ Aapkvenw ]uc-∑m¿s°-Xnsc Iem]w\S-Øn-bm¬ in£m \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Spw. h[n-®m¬ ]Xn-Inb\S∏m-°-s∏-Spw. Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßƒ XI¿°-s∏-´m¬ XI¿Ø-h¿s°-Xnsc ISpØ in£ hn[n-°p-Ibpw XI¿°-s∏- h ]p\¿\n¿an-°p-IbpwsNøpw. Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ aX-\yq-\-]-£-ß-fpsSPoh\pw kzØpw hnZym-ÿm-]-\-ßfpw hy‡n-\n-b-a-ßfpw ]q¿W-ambpwkpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn°pw. Ah-bp-sS-sbm∂pw t\sc Hcp-hn[ ssItb-‰hpwA\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ckvem-anI `c-W-Øn¬aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ kzmX-¥yhpw kpc-£bpw A\p-h-Zn-°p-sa-∂-Xn-sem´pw kwi-b-an-√. Ah-scm-cn-°epw A¬]hpw A\o-Xnt°m ssItb-‰-ßƒt°m Ah-tl-f-\-ßƒt°m Cc-bm-hp-I-bn-√.

cmPysØ BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw ]nt∂m° PmXn-°m-cp-sa√mw Xßƒlnµp-°-f-s√∂v i‡-ambn hmZn-®p-sIm-≠ncns°, tNmZy-Øn-ep-∂-bn®,C¥y-bnse `qcn-]£w lnµp-°-fm-sW∂ ]cm-a¿iw kq£vatamhkvXp\n-jvTtam As√-∂p-IqSn ]d-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.


ap∏Xv

Pnkvb aX-\n-Ip-Xntbm?

apkvenw cmPy-Øn¬ t£X-ßƒ°v A\p-hm-Z-apt≠m?

""atX-X-c-\m-Sp-I-fn-te-Xp-t]m-setbm IqSp-X-emtbm aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ-°v Ckvem-an-I-cm-jvS-Øn¬ aX-kzm-X-¥y-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v Xm¶ƒ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bt√m? F∂m¬ temIØv GsX-¶nepw apkvenwcmPyØv lnµp-°ƒ°v t£Xw \n¿an-°m≥ A\p-hm-Z-apt≠m? ]mIn-kvXm-\nepw _w•m-tZ-in-ep-sa√mw D≈-h-Xs∂ XI¿°p-I-bt√ sNøp-∂Xv?''

]mIn-kvXm\pw _w•m-tZ-ip-apƒs∏sS temIØv lnµp-]u-c-∑m-cp≈apkvenw \mSp-I-fn-se√mw t£Xw \n¿an-°m\pw AhnsS Bcm-[-\bpwBtLm-jhpw \S-Øm\pw A\p-hm-Z-ap≠v. `c-W-Iq-Stam P\-ßtfmAXn-sem-cn-°epw Hcp \ne°pw CS-s]-Sm-dn√. F∂√, Bh-iy-ambklm-b-k-l-I-cWw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°m-dp-ap≠v. GXm\pw h¿jw apºvh∂ Hcp ]X-hm¿Ø-bn-en-ßs\ ImWmw: ""_w•m-tZ-inse lnµp-t£-X-ßfpw [¿a-ÿm-]-\-ßfpw ]p\-cp-≤-cn-°m≥ Kh¨sa‚ v GI-tZiwBdp e£w cq] A\p-h-Zn®p. Cu Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØ \oXn-\ymb hIp-∏n-s‚bpw B[ym-flnI Imcy-ß-fp-sSbpw a¥n \qdp¬ Ckvemw, F√maX-ß-fp-sSbpw D∂-a-\-Øn¬ Xßƒ X¬]-c-cm-sW-∂-dn-bn®p.''(amXr-`qan 4-˛10˛1985).

as‰mcp apkvenw \mSmb Ct¥m-t\-jysb kw_-‘n®v B¿.-Fkv.Fkv. hmcnI tIkcn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""F√m hn`m-K-ßƒ°pw ]q¿W-amb Bcm-[-\m-kzm-X¥yw \¬Ip∂ Ct¥m-t\-jy≥ `c-W-L-S\ BcmPy-Øns‚ atX-Xc kz`mhw hy‡-am-°p∂p. Ckvemw, InkvXp-aXw,_p≤-aXw, lnµp-[¿aw XpS-ßnb \mep aX-ßƒ°pw k¿°m¿ Xpey-amb AwKo-Im-chpw t]m’m-l-\-hp-amWv \¬Ip-∂Xv. CXn-\mbnk¿°m¿ \nb-¥-W-Øn¬ Hcp ]tXyI hIp∏v Xs∂-bp≠v. hnhn[aXm-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ ChnsS ]c-kv]cw kvt\l-tØmSpw kl-h¿Øn-Ø-tØmSpw IqSn Ign-bp∂p''(7-˛6-˛1987).

]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ P∑m-jvSan, Zo]m-hen t]mep≈ BtLm-j-Zn-\-

187kvt\l-kw-hmZw

ß-fn¬ lnµp ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ°v Acn, ]©-kmc XpS-ßn-bh ]tXy-I-ambn A\p-h-Zn-°m-dp≠v. IqSmsX, emtlm¿ Pn√-bnse AwKo-IrXtImtf-Pp-I-fnepw kvIqfp-I-fnepw ]Tn-°p∂ \yq\-]-£-k-ap-Zmb hnZym-¿Yn-Iƒ°v k¿°m¿ kvtImf¿jn∏v \¬In-h-cp∂p. emtlm-dnsessIkvXh aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v ivaim\-ap-≠m-°m≥ Bdp- e£w cq]k¿°m¿ klm-b-[\w \¬Ip-I-bp-≠mbn.

1992˛-¬ _m_cn akvPnZv XI¿°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ ]mIn-kvXm-\n-sebpw_w•m-tZ-in-sebpw Ahn-th-In-I-fmb Nne¿ t£X-ß-fpsS t\scssItb‰w \S-Øp-Ibpw tISp-]m-Sp-Iƒ hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒAhsc XS-bm\pw sslµh Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßƒ kwc-£n-°m\pwapt∂m´p h∂Xv Ahn-S-ß-fnse Ckvem-an-I-]-h¿Ø-I-cmWv. A∂vAº-e-ßƒ BI-an-°-s∏´ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ kpK-X-Ip-amcn C¥ym-Sp-tU-bn-se-gpXn: ""_m_cn akvPnZv XI¿Ø-Xn-eqsS lnµp-°ƒ F¥p-t\Sn? Ab¬\m-Sp-I-fn¬ FXtbm t£X-ßƒ AI-an-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. XI¿°-s∏´ ]≈n ]p\¿\n¿an®p sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ \ΩpsSkwkvImcw \sΩ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn√. F∂m¬ ssItb-‰-ßƒ°n-c-bmb Aº-e-ß-fpt≠m ]p\-cp-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p?''

]t£, kw -hn-®Xv adn-®mWv. HºXp amk-Øn-\Iw AI-a-ßƒ°n-c-bmb apgp-h≥ t£X-ßfpw ]mIn-kvXm-\n-sebpw _w•m-tZ-in-sebpw`c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ ]pXp-°n-∏-WnXp. Cu kw`hw C¥y-bnse ]X-ßƒXs∂ dnt∏m¿´p sNøp-I-bp-≠mbn. Ah-bpsS Ińw-Kp-Ifpw C¥ym-SptU-bnse teJ-\-Øns‚ tIm∏nbpw Ab-®p-sIm-SpØv ]Xn-I-c-W-am-h-iy-s∏-´p-sh-¶nepw kpK-X-Ip-amcn adp-]Sn Ab-bv°m-\p≈ k∑-\ pt]mepw ImWn-®n√. ImcWw bmYm¿Yyw Ah¿ IW-°p-Iq-ń-b-Xn¬-\n∂pw \mń¬ ]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp∂p.

A\y- a-X-k-aq-l-ß-fpsS Bcm-[y-h-kvXp-°sf Ah-tl-fn-°mt\mAh-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßsf ssItb‰w sNømt\m CkvemwBscbpw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ apkvenw-\m-Sp-I-fn-se-hn-sSbpw Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßƒ BI-an-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm XI¿°-s∏-Sp-ItbmC√. AYhm, GsX-¶nepw Ahn-th-In-Iƒ Aßs\ sNbvXm-¬ Ah]p\¿\n¿an-°m≥ Ckvem-anI kaq-lhpw `c-W-Iq-Shpw _m-[y-ÿhpw]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-hp-asX.

Kƒ^p-\m-Sp-I-fnse t£X-hn-e°v

""Kƒ^v\m-Sp-I-fn¬ lnµp-°sf t£Xw ]Wn-bm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°m-dn-s√-∂mWv Adnhv. AsX-¥p-sIm-≠mWv?''

Kƒ^v \mSp-I-fn¬ lnµp-]u-c-∑m-cn√. Ahn-sS-bp≈ lnµp-°ƒtPmen-bm-h-iym¿Yw sN∂ hntZ-in-I-fmWv. apkvenw-I-fpƒs∏sS hntZ-in-I-fmb B¿°pw AhnsS ÿew hmßmt\m Bcm-[-\m-ebw ]Wn-bmt\m A\p-hm-Z-an√. AYhm, hntZ-i-ap-kvenw-Iƒ°v ]≈n-bp-≠m-


°m\pw Ahn-S-ß-fnse \nbaw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n√. hntZ-in-Iƒ°v C¥y-bntem CXc skIyp-e¿ \mSp-I-fntem kz¥-amb Bcm-[-\m-ebw ]Wn-bm≥ A\p-hm-Z-an-√m-Ø-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂.

F∂n´pw Zo¿L-Imeambn Kƒ^v \mSp-I-fn¬ Ign-™p-Iq-Sp∂kn‘n lnµp-°ƒ°v Bcm-[-\m-ebw \n¿an-°m≥ c-W-IqSw ]tXyIwA\p-aXn \¬Ip-I-bp-≠mbn. ae-bm-f-Ønse B¿.Fkv.Fkv. hmcnItIkcn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""akvIØv, _lvssd≥, Zpss_ F∂o Kƒ^pcmPy-ßƒ hntZ-i-t°m-bva°v Iogn¬ D≈-Xp-ap-X¬ `mc-Xo-bcpw lnµp-°-fp-amb kn‘n-Iƒ Chn-S-ß-fn¬ IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿°pI ImcWw]kvXpX cmPy-ß-fpsS A`n-hr-≤n-bn¬ KWy-amb ]¶p-h-ln-®n-cp∂p.]kvXpX bmYm¿Yyw a\- n-em°n Ahn-S-ß-fnse `c-Wm-[n-]-∑m¿Ah¿°v ]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ sImSp-Øp-t]m∂p''(6˛4˛1986).

""Zpss_ ssiJv Ah¿°v th≠p∂ F√m B\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ ]tXyIw i≤n-®p-t]m∂p. kn‘n-I-fpsS Bh-iym-¿Yw lnµp-°-fpsS Hcp t£Xhpw CjvS-tZ-h-X-Isf h®p ]qPn-°m-\p≈ A\p-hm-Zhpw AXp-t]mse D’-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm≠m-Sm-\p≈ AwKo-Im-chpw\¬Ip-I-bp-≠mbn. lnµp-°ƒ°v ih-kw-kvImcw sNøm-\p≈ Hcp]tXyI ivaim-\-Øn-\p≈ ÿehpw IqSn A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn''(tIkcn 5-˛1-˛1986).

Pnkvb

""Ckvem-an-I-cmjvSw Aapkvenw ]uc-∑m-cn¬\n∂v Pnkvb F∂ aX-\n-IpXn CuSm-°m-dnt√? AXv ISpØ hnth-N-\hpw A\o-Xn-bp-at√?''

Pnkvb aX-\n-Ip-Xn-b√. BsW∂ [mcW A_-≤-amWv. Gsd sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏´ hnj-b-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ CXv A¬]w hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂XvKpW-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°p∂p. apkvenw-Iƒ Xß-fpsSIm¿jn-I-h-cp-am-\-Øns‚ ]Øp iX-am-\hpw CXc kmº-ØnI hcp-am-\-ß-fpsS c≠c iX-am-\hpw s]mXp JP-\m-hn¬ AS-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-cmWv. CXv aX-]-c-amb Bcm-[-\m-I¿aw IqSn-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ CXcaX-hn- m-K-°m-cpsS ta¬ \n¿_-‘-am-°m≥ \n¿hm-l-an√. ImcWw AX-h-cpsS aX-kzm-X-¥y-Øns‚ \ntj-[-am-bn-cn°pw. AXn-\m¬ kaq-l-Øn¬ kmº-ØnI k¥p-en-XXzw \ne-\n¿Øm-\mbn Aapkvenw ]uc-∑m-cpsS ta¬ Ckvem-anse aX-N-S-ßp-I-fp-ambn _‘-an-√mØ as‰mcp\nIpXn Npa-Øp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. AXmWv Pnkvb. apkvenw-I-fn¬\n∂vcmjvSw \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]ncn-s®-Sp-°p∂ kIm-Øn\p ]I-c-ap≈ \nIp-Xn-bm-WXv.

kº-Øp≈ apkvenw-I-sf√mw kImØv \¬Im≥ _m[y-ÿ-cmWv.kvXoIfpw Ipń-Ifpw hr≤-∑mcpw tcmKn-Ifpw Dƒs∏sS Bcpw Xs∂AXn¬\n∂v ap‡-c√. F∂m¬ AXns\bt]-£n®v Pnkvb-bn¬Ht´sd B\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw Cf-hp-I-fp-ap≠v. kvXoIƒ, Ipń-Iƒ, A‘-∑m¿, hr≤-∑m¿, `m¥-∑m¿, amdm-tcm-Kn-Iƒ, aT-ß-fnse k\ym-kn-am¿,]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ t]mep-≈-h-cn¬\n-s∂m∂pw Pnkvb ]ncn-°p-∂-X√.

189kvt\l-kw-hmZw

AXn-\m¬ Pnkvb Aapkvenw ]uc-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ hnth-N-\tam A\o-Xn-tbm A√. Ah¿°v kmº-Øn-I-ambn Cfhv e`n-°m-\p≈ D]m-[n-bmWv.

Bsc-¶nepw apkvenw-I-sf-t∏mse kImØv \¬Im≥ kzbw k∂-≤-ambn apt∂m´p hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahsc Ckvem-anI cmjvSw Pnkvb-bn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°p-∂-XmWv. Ncn-X-Øn-en-Xn\v Gsd DZm-l-c-W-ßƒImWmw. H∂n-hnsS D≤-cn°mw: k¿ tXmakv B¿WƒUv Fgp-Xp∂p:""Ah-tcmSv (XKven_v tKmXw) Aapkvenw tKmX-ßƒ°v \¬Ip∂kwc-£-W-Øn\p ]I-c-ambn Npa-Øp∂ Icw˛ Pnkvb˛ AS-°m\pwAt±lw (Da-dp¬ ^mdqJv) Bh-iy-s∏´p. F∂m¬ Pnkvb sImSp-°p-∂Xv A]-am-\-ambn Icp-Xnb XKven_v tKmXw Xßsf apkvenw-I-sf-t∏mse \nIpXn (kImØv) AS-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏´p.Jeo^ AX-\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ apkvenw-I-sf-t∏mse Pnkvb-bpsSCcń hcp∂ kwJy JP-\m-hn-te-°-S-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp'' (Ckvemw]t_m-[-\hpw ]Nm-chpw, ]pdw 62).

Ckvem-an-I-cm-jvS-Ønse apgp-h≥ ]uc-∑m-scbpw kwc-£n-°m≥`c-W-IqSw _m[y-ÿ-amWv. AXn-\m¬ apkvenw-I-fpsS amX-a√, Aap-kvenw-I-fp-sSbpw Poh\pw kzØpw A`n-am-\hpw kwc-£n-°m≥ \n¿-_‘ ssk\n-I-tk-h\w \n¿h-ln-°m≥ apkvenw-Iƒ _m[y-ÿ-cmbn-cp∂p. Cu hn[w kwc-£Ww Dd∏p \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw ]´m-f-tk-h-\-Øn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]I-c-am-bmWv Ah-cn¬\n∂v PnkvbCuSm-°n-bn-cp-∂Xv. ssk\n-I-tk-h-\-Øn\v A°m-eØv iº-f-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂Xv ]tXyIw ]kvXm-hy-asX. Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw cmPy-\n-hm-kn-Iƒ°v kwc-£Ww \¬Im≥ `c-W-Iq-S-Øn\v km[n-°msXh∂m¬ Pnkvb Xncn-®p-\¬IpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp∂p. A]-Imcw Xs∂ssk\n-I-tk-h-\-Øn\v kzbw k∂-≤-cmbn apt∂m-´p-h-cp-∂-h-scbpwPnkvb-bn¬\n∂v ]q¿W-ambpw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp∂p. k¿ tXmakvB¿WƒUv Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Nne¿ \sΩ hniz-kn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ian-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse apkvenw hnizmkw kzoI-cn-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®-Xns‚ in£-bmbn ssIkvX-h-cpsS ta¬ Npa-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-X√ Cu \nIpXn. F√mAapkvenw ]uc-∑mcpw AS-t°-≠-Xm-bn-cp∂p AXv. aX-]-c-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ \n¿_-‘- ssk-\nI tkh-\-Øn¬\n∂v Ah¿ Hgn-hm-°-s∏- n-cp∂p. apkvenw-Iƒ \¬In-bn-cp∂ kwc-£-W-Øn\v ]I-c-am-bmWvAh¿ Pnkvb sImSp-t°≠n h∂Xv....

""Xp¿°o `c-W-Im-eØv ssk\y-Øn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-cp∂InkvXym-\n-Ifpw Pnkvb-bn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.sImdn≥Xv Ic-bn-Sp-°n-te°v \bn-°p∂ knØn-tdm¨, Kdm-\nb Npc-ßƒ Im°m≥ Hcp kwLw kmbp-[sc \¬Im-sa∂ hyh-ÿ-bn¬A¬t_-\n-b≥ ssIkvX-h-h¿K-amb saKm-cn-Isf Xp¿°n-Iƒ Pnkvb-bn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp∂p. Xp¿°o ssk\y-Øns‚ aptº t]mbn\nc-Øp-Ifpw ]me-ßfpw \∂m-°n-bn-cp∂ InkvXob kwL-Øn¬\n∂v


Pnkvb CuSm-°n-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂p amX-a√, Icw hmßmsX Ah¿°v`qan ]Xn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-IqSn sNbvXn-cp∂p. sslk-bnse InkvXym-\n-Iƒ kp¬Øm\v Pnkvb \¬In-bn-cp-∂n√. ]I-c-ambn Ah¿ 250ZrV-Km-X-cmb \mhn-Isc Xp¿°n-∏-S°p \¬In.

""B¿a-tØmfn F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ sX°≥ dpam-\n-b-°m-cmWv]Xn-\mdpw ]Xn-t\gpw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ Xp¿°n ssk\y-Øn¬ apJy-L-S-I-am-bn-cp-∂Xv. kvIq´m-cn°p hS-°p≈ ]¿h-X-\n-c-I-fn¬ hkn-®n-cp∂an¿Zn-Iƒ F∂ A¬t_-\n-b≥ ItØm-en-°¿ Ic-Øn¬\n-s∂m-gn-hm-°-s∏- n-cp∂p. bp≤-th-f-bn¬ kmbp[ kwLsØ \¬Im-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂pAh-cpsS ]Xn⁄. AtX-t]mse Ko°v InkvXym-\n-I-sfbpw Pnkvb-bn¬\n-s∂m-gn-hm°n. tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏n-fn-te°v ip≤-Pew sIm≠p-h-∂n-cp∂ I¬°p-g-ep-Iƒ Ah-cm-bn-cp∂p kwc-£n-®n-cp-∂Xv. \K-c-Ønse shSn-a-cp-∂p-im-e°v Imh-en-cp-∂-h-tcbpw Ic-Øn¬\n-s∂m-gn-hm-°n-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, CuPn-]vXnse KmaoW I¿j-I¿ ssk\n-I-tk-h-\-Øn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS ta¬ InkvXym-\n-I-sf-t∏mse Icw Npa-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.''(k¿ tXm-akv B¿WƒUv,Ckvemw: ]t_m-[-\hpw ]Nm-chpw, ]pdw 73˛-76).

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØv aZo-\-bnse Aapkvenw hn`m-K-ßƒcmjvS-Øns‚ ]Xn-tcm-[-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬Ah-cn¬\n∂v Pnkvb CuSm-°n-bn-cp-∂n√.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, ]m›m-Xy¿ ]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS saKm-t^m-Wp-I-fmbn amdnb a‰p-≈-h¿ G‰p-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]msePnkvb Hcp aX-\n-Ip-Xn-b√. Hcn-°epw Aßs\ Bbn-cp-∂n-´p-an√.bYm¿Y-Øn-enXv bp≤-\n-Ip-Xn-bmWv. Ignhpw Imbn-I-_-ehpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pw ssk\n-I-tk-h-\-a-\p-jvTn-°m≥ k∂-≤-am-hmsX amdn-\n-∂-h-cmWv AXv \¬tI-≠n-h-∂n-cp-∂Xv. \n¿_-‘ -ssk-\nI tkh\w\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ L´-Øn¬ AXn¬\n-s∂m-gn-hm-°p-Ibpw AtXm-sSm∏wimco-cn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb kpc-£n-XXzw A\p-`-hn-°p-IbpwsNbvXn-cp-∂-Xns‚ ]Xn-^-e-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. F∂m¬ Ckvem-an-I-cm-jvS-Ønse apkvenw ]uc-∑m¿ \n¿_-‘- ssk-\nI tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®mepw `c-W-Iq-S-Øn\p kImØv \¬Im≥ _m[y-ÿ-cmWv. F°m-eØpw kImØv kwJy Pnkvb-tb-°mƒ hfsc IqSp-X-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂hkvXpX hnkva-cn-°m-h-X√. Aapkvenw ]uc-∑m¿ kImØv \¬Ip-Itbm ssk\n-I-tk-h-\-a-\p-jvTn-°m≥ k∂-≤-am-hp-Itbm sNbvX-t∏m-sg√mw Ahsc Pnkvb-bn¬\n-s∂m-gn-hm-°n-bn-cp∂p. ssk\n-I-hrØnthX-\-ap≈ sXmgn-embn amdnb C°m-eØpw Ckvem-anI cmjvSwAapkvenw ]uc-∑m-cpsS ta¬ Pnkvb Npa-Øp-∂-X√. AXn-\m¬ aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ Ckvem-an-I-cm-„-Øn¬ Hcp-hn[ hnth-N-\hpw A\p-`-hn-°p-I-bn-s√∂p amX-a√, kIm-Øn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬apkvenw-I-tf-°mƒ kmº-ØnI kuI-cyhpw B\p-Iq-eyhpw A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

191kvt\l-kw-hmZw

ap∏-sØm∂v

kvXobpsS ]Zhn Ckvem-an¬

""Ckvem-an¬ kvXo˛]pcpj ka-Xz-apt≠m? kvXobpsS ]Zhn ]pcp-j-t‚-Xn-t\-°mƒ hfsc Xmsg-bt√?''

a\p-jy¿ ]e Xc-°m-cmWv. a\p-jy-cnse Ah-ÿm-hy-Xym-k-a-\p-k-cn®v Ah-cpsS ÿm\-]-Z-hn-I-fnepw Ah-Imi˛_m[y-X-I-fnepw A¥-c-ap-≠m-hpI kzm`m-hn-Ihpw A\n-hm-cy-hp-asX. AXp-t]mse kvXo˛-]pcp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bnepw imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb A¥-c-ap≠v. ]pcp-j≥ FX-Xs∂ BK-ln-®mepw ian-®mepw K¿`w [cn-°m\pw ]k-hn-°m\pw ape-bq-´m\pw km[y-a-√t√m. kvXo, ]pcp-j-\n¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn amk-Øn¬ \n›nX Znh-k-ß-fn¬ B¿Ø-hhpw AXns‚A\n-hm-cy-X-bmb imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb ]iv\-ßfpw A\p-`-hn-°p∂p. Imbn-I-ambn ]pcp-j≥ kvXotb-°mƒ Icp-Ø\pw `mcn®tPmen-Iƒ sNøm≥ Ign-hp-‰-h-\p-amWv.

]pcp-js‚ GXm≠v F√m imco-cn-Im-h-b-h-ßfpw kvXobp-tS-Xn¬\n∂v Xo¿Øpw hyXy-kvX-amWv. ]apJ icoc imkvX-⁄-\mblmhvtemIv F√nkv ]d-bp∂p: ""]pcp-j≥ Ahs‚ ssIhn-c¬Øpºphsc ]pcp-j≥ Xs∂-bmWv. kvXo Im¬hn-c¬Øpºp-hsc kvXo-bpw''.

ico-c-L-S-\-bnse A¥cw am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-Ihp-amb Ah-ÿ-bnepw ]I-S-asX. AXn-\m¬ kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ imco-cn-Itam am\-kn-Itam Bb ka-Xztam Xpey-Xtbm C√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah¿°n-S-bnse kºq¿W kaXzw A]m-tbm-Kn-I-amWv,]IrXnhncp-≤hpw.

a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-\p-amb ssZhw \evInbPohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv Ckvemw. AXn-\m-eXv a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-tbmSv]q¿W-ambpw CW-ßp-∂Xpw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-asX. CkvemwkvXosbbpw ]pcp-j-s\bpw Ah-Imi˛_m[y-X-I-fpsS t]cn¬ ]c-kv]cw Ie-ln-°p∂ c≠p iXp-h¿K-am-b√ ImWp-∂Xv. Htc h¿K-Ønse At\ym\yw kl-I-cn®pw CW-ßnbpw Ign-bp∂, Ign-tb≠


c≠v AwK-ß-fm-bmWv. A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p: ""\nß-sf-√m-hcpwHtc h¿K-Øn¬s]-´-h-cmWv''(Jp¿-B≥ 4:25). ]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p:""kvXoIƒ ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS `mKw Xs∂-bmWv''(A_q-Zm-hqZv).

AXn-\m¬ kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS ]Z-hn-Isf KWnX imkvX-]-c-ambn hni-I-e\w sNøpI km[y-a√. Nne Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]pcp-j-∑m¿°mWv ap≥K-W-\-sb-¶n¬ a‰p Nne-Xn¬ kvXoIƒ°mWv. XZvkw-_-‘-amb Ckvem-ans‚ kao-]\w Cßs\ kwK-ln°mw:

1. A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw A¥-ctam hnth-N-\tam C√. Ah-s‚-b-Sp-°¬ kºq¿W ka-Xzhpw Xpey-Xbpw hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p.

""]pcp-j-\m-hs´ kvXobm-hs´, Bcp kXy-hn-izm-k-apƒs°m≠vk¬°¿a-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂pthm, Cu temIØv Ah¿°v \mw hnip-≤-Po-hnXw \¬Ipw. ]c-tem-IØv Ah-cpsS tijvT-hr-Øn-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \ma-h¿°v ]Xn- ew \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpw''(16: 97). ""]pcp-j-\m-hs´ kvXobm-hs´, kXy-hn-izm-k-apƒs°m≠v k¬°¿a-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xmtcm, Ah¿ kz¿Km-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-cn°pw''(40: 40). ""Ah-cpsS\mY≥ Ah-tcmSv DØ-c-taIn: kvXobm-hs´, ]pcp-j-\m-hs´, \nß-fn-em-cp-sSbpw I¿asØ \mw \njv -e-am-°p-∂-X√. \nß-sf-√m-hcpw Htch¿K-Øn¬ s]´-h-cm-Wt√m''(3:195).

2. `qan-bn¬ G‰-hp-a-[nIw BZ-chv A¿ln-°p-∂Xv kvXobmWv.amXr-Xz-tØmfw aln-X-ambn as‰m∂pw temI-Øn√. Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v P∑w\¬Ip-∂Xv Ah-cmWv. BZy- Kp-cp-°-∑mcpw Ah¿Xs∂. a\p-jys‚P\-\-Ønepw hf¿®-bnepw G‰-hp-a-[nIw ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂Xpw ]bm-k-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xpw amXm-hmWv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ a\p-jy≥ `qan-bn¬ G‰-hp-a-[nIw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv amXm-hn-s\-bmWv.

Hcmƒ ]hm-N-I-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ h∂v tNmZn®p: ""ssZh-Zq-Xtc, Fs‚G‰hpw sa®-s∏´ kl-hm-k-Øn\v A¿l≥ BcmWv?'' Ahn-S∂vAcpƒ sNbvXp: ""\ns‚ amXmhv''. Abmƒ tNmZn®p: ""]ns∂ BcmWv?'']hm-N-I≥ ]Xn-h-Nn®p: ""\ns‚ amXmhv''. Abmƒ ho≠pw tNmZn®p:""]ns∂ BcmWv'' \_n Adn-bn®p: ""\ns‚ amXmhv Xs∂.'' AbmƒtNmZn®p: ""]ns∂ BcmWv?'' ]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: ""\ns‚ ]nXmhv''-(_pJmcn, apkvenw).

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ amXm-]n-Xm-°sf Hcp-an®v ]cm-a¿in® H∂n-tesdÿe-ß-fn¬ FSp-Øp-]-d-™Xv amXm-hns‚ tkh-\-amWv. ""a\p-jy-t\mSvAhs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS Imcyw \mw D]-tZ-in-®n-cn-°p∂p. ISpØ£oW-tØm-sS-bmWv amXmhv Ahs\ K¿`w Npa-°p-∂Xv. Ahs‚ ape-IpSn \n¿Øm≥ c≠p h¿jw thWw. AXn-\m¬ \o Ft∂mSpw \ns‚amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSpw \µn-Im-Wn-°Ww''(31:14). ""amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v \∑sNø-W-sa∂v a\p-jy-t\mSv \mw I¬]n-®n-cn-°p∂p. Gsd ]bm-k-tØm-

193kvt\l-kw-hmZw

sS-bmWv amXmhv Ahs\ K¿`w Npa-∂Xv. ISpØ ]mc-h-iy-tØm-sS-bmWv ]k-hn-®Xv''(46:15). AXn-\m¬ Ckvem-an-I-ho-£-W-Øn¬ ]Y-a-ÿm-\hpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw amXm-sh∂ kvXo°mWv.

3. ]pcp-j-∑m-tc-°mƒ hnth-I-]q¿hhpw DNn-X-hp-amb kao-]\wkzoI-cn-°m≥ km[n-°p∂ kvXoI-fp-s≠∂v Jp¿-B≥ D≤-cn-°p∂ti_m-cm-⁄n-bpsS NcnXw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p∂p. kpsse-am≥ \_n-bpsS ktµiw e`n-®-t∏mƒ Ah¿ Xs‚ sIm´m-c-Øn-ep-≈-h-cp-ambn F¥p-th-W-sa∂v IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®p. hy‡hpw bp‡-hp-amb\ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°m-\-h¿°v km[n-®n√. ]Iz-amb A`n-]m-bhpw kao-]-\-hp-ap-≠m-bXv ti_m cm⁄n-bpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂p Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°p∂p. (27: 29,44).

4. BZy-]m-]-Øns‚ Imc-W-°mcn kvXobm-sW∂ PqX˛-ssIkvXh k¶¬]sØ Ckvemw Xo¿Øpw \ncm-I-cn-°p∂p. ssZh-im-k\ ewLn®v BZapw l∆mbpw hne-°-s∏´ I\n £n-®n-´p-s≠∂phy‡-am-°p∂ Jp¿-B≥ CXns‚ Ip‰w ][m-\-ambpw Npa-Øp-∂XvBZ-an-emWv, l∆-bn-e√. ""Aßs\ BZapw ]Xv\nbpw B hr£-Øns‚ êw `£n®p. XZv^-e-ambn At∏mƒXs∂ Ah-cpsS \·X]c-kv]cw shfn-hmbn. Ccp-hcpw tXm´-Ønse Ce-IƒsIm≠v Xßsfad-bv°m≥ XpSßn. BZw Xs‚ \mYs\ [n°-cn®p. t\¿h-gn-bn¬\n∂vhyXn-N-en®p. ]n∂oSv BZ-ans\ Xs‚ \mY≥ sXc-s™-SpØp. At±-l-Øns‚ ]›m-Øm]w kzoI-cn -°p-Ibpw k∑m¿K-ta-Ip-IbpwsNbvXp''(20:121-˛122).

""\mw CXn\p apºv BZ-an\v I¬]\ sImSp-Øn-cp∂p. ]t£, BZwAXv ad∂p. \mw Abm-fn¬ \n›-b-Zm¿Vyw I≠n√''(20:115). BZn-]m-]-Øns‚ Imc-W-°mcn s]Æm-sW∂ ]c-º-cm-K-X-[m-c-Wsb Jp¿-B-\n-hnsS ]q¿W-ambpw Xncp-Øp∂p.

5. t`mKm-k-‡n-°-Sn-s∏´ ùXnI kaq-l-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw kvXo-Isf sImSnb ]oU-\-ßƒ°n-c-bm-°pI amX-a√, s]Ïp-™p-ßsfIqc-ambn sIme-s∏-Sp-Øm-dp-ap≠v. ka-Im-eo\ kaq-l-Ønse ÿnXn-bpw n∂-a√. C°m-cy-Øn¬ C¥y-bn¬ ]Y-a-ÿm\w Xan-gv\m-Sn-\mWv.Ahn-SsØ tkew Pn√-bnse Dinemws]ń inip-l-Xy°v Ip]-kn-≤n-bm¿Pn® ÿe-amWv. AhnsS ]k-hn-®Xv s]Æn-s\-bm-sW-∂-dn-™m¬`¿Ømhv ImWm≥ t]mepw hcn√. sIm∂p-I-f-™n-´p hm F∂ Adn-bn-∏mWv In´pI. AXn-\m¬ ho´p-Im¿ Ipń-bpsS IY Ign-®-tijwX≈sb `¿Ør-`-h-\-Øn-te-°-b-°p∂p.

s]Ïp-™p-ßƒ ]nd-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ahsc K¿ -]m-X-Øn¬sh®vsIme-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn temI-Øns‚ CX-c- `m-K-ß-fn-se-∂-t]mseC¥y-bnepw hfsc hym]-I-asX. ""C¥y-bn¬ `qW-l-Xy-°n-c-bmbnHcp h¿jw AºXv e£w s]Ïp-™p-ßƒ acn-°p-∂p-s≠∂v C¥y≥saUn-°¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p∂p. HutZym-


KnI IW-°-\p-k-cn®v CXv Ccp-]Xv e£-amWv.Cu Iqc-IrXyw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS BK-a\ ImeØv Atd-

_y-bnse Nne tKmX-ßfnepw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:""Ah-cn-sem-cmƒ°v s]Ïpń ]nd-∂-Xmbn kphm¿Ø e`n-®m¬sImSnb ZpxJw ISn-®n-d°n Ahs‚ apJw Idp-Øn-cp-fp∂p. Ah≥P\-ß-fn¬\n∂v Hfn®p \S-°p∂p; Cu NoØ hm¿Ø Adn-™-tijwBscbpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥. am\-lm\n kln®v AXns\hf¿tØ-Wtam AtXm Ahsf Poh-t\msS Ipgn®paqtS-Wtam F∂vAbmƒ Btem-Nn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p''(16: 58, 59).

Ckvemw CXns\ ITn-\-ambn hne-°p-Ibpw Kpcp-X-c-amb Ip‰-ambn]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. "Poh-t\msS Ipgn-®p-aq-S-s∏´ s]Ïp-™n-t\mSv, Ah-sf¥v A]-cm-[-Øns‚ t]cn-emWv h[n-°-s∏-´-sX∂v tNmZn-°-s∏-Sp∂' hnNm-c-W-\m-fns\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°≠n hcp-sa∂ Xm°oXv\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp (81: 8,9).

Cßs\ Ckvemw kvXoI-fpsS Pohn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw Dd-∏p-h-cpØn. s]Ïp-™p-ßsf l\n-°p∂ lo\-hr-Øn°v Adp-Xn-h-cpØn.

6. F°m-eØpw Fhn-sSbpw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hn`m-K-amWvkvXoI-sf-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ckvemw Ah¿°v ]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\bpw ]m[m-\yhpw \¬In. ]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: ""Hcmƒ°v c≠p s]Ïp-ń-I-fp-≠m-hp-Ibpw Abm-f-hsc \√-\n-e-bn¬ ]cn-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬Ah¿ Imc-W-ambn Abmƒ kz¿Km-h-Im-in-bm-bn-Øocpw''(_pJmcn).

""aq∂p s]ä-°tfm ktlm-Z-cn-amtcm Imc-W-ambn ]mcm-_v[-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\v kz¿Kw e`n-°m-Xn-cn-°n√'' (Xzlmhn). ""\nßƒ \nß-fpsS a°ƒ°n-S-bn¬ Zm\-Øn¬ XpeyX ]pe¿ØpI. Rm≥ B¿s°-¶nepw ]tXy-IX I¬]n-°p-∂-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ kvXoIƒ°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-am-bn-cp∂p'' (Xz_vdm\n).

Cu hn[w ]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-®p≈ ÿm\-]-Z-hn-Ifpw Ah-Imi˛_m[y-X-I-fp-amWv Ckvemw kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m¿°v I¬]n-°p-∂Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ amXr-Xz-Øn\v al-Xz-ta-Ip-Ibpw AXns\ AXy-[nIw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. kvXobpsSG‰hpw henb khn-ti-j-Xbpw amXr-Xz-asX. Ata-cn-°≥ a\-»mkvXhnZ-Kv[-\mb Xntbm-U¿ ssd°v "kvXo˛ ]pcp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bnse sshIm-cnI sshPm-Xy-ßƒ' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ amXr-Xz-Øn-e- nam-\n-°p∂ HcpkvXobpsS hm°p-Iƒ Cßs\ D≤-cn-°p∂p: ""ss[j-Wn-I-cw-KØpwCXc taJ-e-I-fn-ep-ap≈ ]pcp-js‚ ]tXy-IX kt¶m-N-te-i-at\yRß-fw-Ko-I-cn-°p∂p. ]t£, Rßƒ kvXoIƒ AXn-t\-°mƒ F-Xtbm ][m-\-s∏´ H∂p-sIm≠v A\pKr-lo-X-cmWv. Rß-fn-s√-¶n¬a\p-jy-cmin thc-‰p-t]mIpw. a°ƒ°v P∑w \¬Ip-∂Xv Rß-fmWv.hcpwXe-ap-d-I-fpsS km∂n[yw AXp-hgn Rßƒ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂p''.

F∂m¬ s]Æv t]mepw C∂v amXr-Xz-Øns‚ al-Xz-sØ-∏‰n

195kvt\l-kw-hmZw

t_m[-h-Xn-b√. Xm≥ CX Ipń-Isf K¿`w Npa-°p-Ibpw ]k-hn-°p-Ibpw t]m‰n-h-f¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v A`n-am-\-tØmsS ]d-bp∂ kvXoI-fn∂v hfsc hnc-f-amWv. a\p-jys‚ hne-bn-Sn-hm-Wn-Xn\p ImcWw. a\p-jy≥ Cu hn[w Xotc hne Ipd™hkvXp-hmbn amdn-b-Xn-\m¬ Ahs\ K¿`w Npa-°p-∂Xpw ]k-hn-°p-∂Xpw tlm´-ense dnk-]vj-\n-Ãns‚ tPmen-tb-°mƒ XcwXmW-Xmbn kvXoIƒ°v tXm∂n. AXn-\m¬ ]e¿°p-an∂v K¿`w Npa-°m\pw ]k-hn-°m\pw aSn-bmWv. AYhm Ht∂m ct≠m Ip™n\vP∑w \¬In-bm¬ Xs∂ th≠ coXn-bn¬ hf¿Øm-\-h¿ Hcp-°-a√.Ah-cpsS kwc-£Ww Bb-amsc G¬]n-°p∂p. Ah¿ Ip™p-ßsfkwc-£n-°p-∂Xv amkw-tXmdpw e`n-°p∂ thX\w ]Xo-£n-®mWv.AenPm Aen C Øv s_tKm-hn®v ]d-™-t]mse amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v a°ƒ hy‡n-Xz-ap≈ AkvXn-Xz-amWv; Bb-am¿°v km[-\-ß-fn¬ Hcp km[-\hpw. AXn-\m¬ Bb-am¿ Ahsc Ifn-∏n-°p-∂Xvb¥-ß-fpsS NI-ßƒ Xncn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-sebpw Ipfn-∏n-°p-∂Xvb¥-ßƒ tX®p-an-\p-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-sebpw Xo¿Øpw \n¿hn-Im-c-am-bn-cn°pw.

amXrXzw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-´-Xns‚ A\n-hm-cy-amb Zpc¥w temI-sa-ßp-an∂v ]I-S-amWv. tkmhn-b‰v `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ anJm-tb¬tKm¿_-t®hv Xs‚ hniz-hn-Jym-X-amb s]cn-kvtXm-bn-°-bn¬ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Rß-fpsS hnj-a-I-chpw hotcm-Nn-X-hp-amb Ncn-X-Øns‚ h¿j-ß-fn¬ AΩ-sb∂ \ne-bnepw Krl-\m-bn-I-sb∂ \ne-bnepw kz¥wIpń-Isf hnZym-`ymkw sNøn-°p-I-sb∂ Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-hmØtPmenbpw kvXoIƒ°p≈ ÿm\-Øp-\n∂v Db¿∂p-h-cp∂ kvXoI-fpsS ]tXy-Im-h-Im-i-ßƒ°pw Bh-iy-ßƒ°pw ]cn-K-W\ \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ Rßƒ ]cm-P-b-s∏´p. imkvXob Kth-j-W-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw \n¿amW ÿe-ß-fnepw D¬]m-Z-\-ß-fnepw tkh-\-Xp-d-I-fnepw]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw k¿Km-flI ]h¿Ø\-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂-Xn-\m¬ kvXoIƒ°v hoń¬ Ah-cpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ IS-a-Iƒ\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v ˛ho´p tPmen, Ipń-Isf hf¿Ø¬, \√ IpSpw-_m-¥-co£w krjvSn-°¬˛aXn-bmb kabw In´msX hcp∂p. Rß-fpsS ]e ]iv\-ßƒ°pw ˛Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw bph-P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw s]cp-am-‰-ß-fpsS [m¿anI aqey-ß-fnepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw D¬]m-Z-\-Øn-ep-ap≈ ]iv\-ßƒ°v ˛ `mKn-I-amb ImcWw Zp¿_-e-am-Ip∂ IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßfpw IpSpw-_-]-c-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß-tfm-Sp≈ XWpØkao-]-\-ß-fp-am-sW∂v Rßƒ Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p. F√m Imcy-Ønepw kvXosb ]pcp-j\p Xpey-am-°-W-sa∂ Rß-fpsS Bflm¿-Yhpw cmjvSo-b-ambn \oXo-I-cn-°-Ø-°-Xp-amb BK-l-Øns‚ ê-amWv Cu hntcm-[m-`mkw. Ct∏mƒ s]cn-kvtXm-bn-°-bpsS ]In-b-bn¬ Cu Ipdhv Rßƒ XcWw sNøm≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p. kvXo-


Iƒ°v kvXoI-sf∂ \ne-bv°p≈ Ah-cpsS X\n-bmb ZuXy-Øn-te°v aS-ßm≥ km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v F¥p sNø-W-sa∂ ]iv\-sØ-∏‰n, ]X-ß-fnepw s]mXp kwL-S-\-I-fnepw sXmgn¬ ÿeØpwhońepw Ct∏mƒ NqSp-]n-Sn® hmZ-]-Xn-hm-Z-ßƒ \S-°p-∂Xv AXn-\m-emWv''.

kvXobpsS imco-cnI khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-Itbm amXr-Xz-Øns‚ alXzw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNømØ ]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-ambGXp hyh-ÿn-Xn-bnepw a\p-jys‚ hne-bn-Sn-bp-Ibpw a\- ns‚kzmÿyw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw IpSpw-_-L-S\ inYn-e-am-hp-Ibpw kaq-l-Øn¬\n∂v kam-[m\w hnS-]-d-bp-Ibpw hy‡n-Iƒ Bƒ°q-´-ØnepwH‰-s∏´v GIm-¥-X-bpsS sImSnb hyY°v hnt[-b-cm-hp-Ibpw sNøpIA\n-hm-cy-amWv. ]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw ]cn-K-

197kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Wn-°p∂ Ckvem-anI hyhÿ CØcw \yq\-X-I-fn¬\n∂v Xo¿Øpwap‡hpw ]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ°n-S-h-cp-Øm-Ø-Xp-asX.

ap∏-Ønc≠v

Ckvemw ]pcp-j-ta-[m-hn-Xz-Øns‚ aXtam?

""Ckvemw ]pcp-j-ta-[m-hn-Xz-]-c-at√? Jp¿-B≥ \memw A[ymbw 34˛mwhmIyw Xs∂ CXn\p sXfn-hm-Wt√m?''

Jp¿-B≥ \memw A[ymbw ap∏-Øn-\memw hmIyw IpSpw-_-L-S-\sb kw_-‘n® ssZhn-I-\n¿tZ-i-amWv. AXv Cu hn[-asX: ""]pcp-j-∑m¿ kvXoI-fpsS c£m-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-Ip∂p. A√mlp Ah-cn¬ Nnesca‰p Nne-tc-°mƒ Ign-hp-‰-h-cm-°n-b-Xn-\mepw ]pcp-j-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS [\wsNe-h-gn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-ep-am-WXv.''

ChnsS ]pcp-j-∑msc kw_-‘n®v Jp¿-B≥ ]tbm-Kn® ]Zw J∆mwF∂mWv. ""Hcp hy‡n-bp-sStbm ÿm-]-\-Øn-s‚tbm kwL-S-\-bp-sStbm Imcy-ßƒ \√ \ne-bn¬ sIm≠p-\-S-Øm\pw ta¬t\m´w hln-°m\pw AXn-\m-h-iy-am-bXv k÷o-I-cn-°m\pw DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏´ hy‡n-°mWv Ad-_n-bn¬ J∆mw As√-¶n¬ Jønw F∂p ]d-bpI''(X^vlo-ap¬ Jp¿-B≥, `mKw 1, ]pdw 310. 56˛-mw ASn-°p-dn∏v).

ta¬t\m- -°m-c\pw c£m-[n-Im-cn-bp-an-√msX GsXmcp ÿm]-\hpwkwcw- hpw hnP-b-I-c-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-I-bn√. kaq-l-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\ -L-S-I-amb IpSpw_w `Z-ambpw kpc-£n-X-ambpw \ne-\n¬t°≠ÿm]-\-asX. ssIIm-cy-I¿Øm-hn-√msX AXv km[y-a√. AXv Bcm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂Xv Hmtcm IpSpw-_-Ønepw kvXo˛ ]pcp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬hnhm-Z -hn-j-b-am-bm¬ IpSpw-_-`-ZX \jvS-am-hp-Ibpw OnZX A\n-hm-cy-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn-\m¬ imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn®v Ckvemw AXv ]pcp-js\G¬]n®p. IpSpw-_-Øns‚ kwc-£-W-sa-∂Xv Hcp Ah-Im-itam A[n-Im-ctam A√. `mcn® Hcp DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-amWv. Pohn-X-hp-ambn a√n-Sm≥ G‰hpw ]m]vX\pw Icp-Ø\pw ]pcp-j-\m-b-Xn-\m-emWv ISpØB Npa-Xe ]pcp-js\ G¬]n-®Xv. AXn-\m¬ Ckvem-anI ho£-W-Øn¬ ]pcp-j≥ IpSpw-_-sa∂ sIm®p cmjvS-Ønse ][m-\-a-¥nbpw


kvXo B`y-¥-c-a-¥n-bp-amWv. hoń-\-IsØ Imcy-ß-sfms° Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xpw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xpw kvXobmWv.

kvXo˛]pcp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bnse _‘w c-Wm-[n-Imcn˛`c-Wob _‘-a√. AXn-\m-emWv Ckvemw Zº-Xn-Isf `mcym-`¿Øm-°-∑m-sc∂v hnfn-°p-Itbm hnti-jn-∏n -°p-Itbm sNøm-ØXv. CW-I-sf-∂mWvCkvemw Zº-Xn-Isf hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. "kvXoIƒ ]pcp-j-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-∑m¿ kvXoI-fp-sSbpw hkvX-am-sW'∂v (2: 187) hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂.

cmPysØ `c-Wm-[n-Imcn `c-Wo-b-tcmSpw kaq-l-Ønse t\XmhvA\p-bm-bn-I-tfm-Sp-sa-∂-t]mse Krl-\m-Y≥ ho´p-Im-tcmSv IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®p amX-am-bn-cn-°Ww Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°p-∂Xpw \S-∏m-°p-∂Xpw.""Xß-fpsS Imcy-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®p \S-Øp-∂-h-cm-W-h¿''(Jp¿-B≥: 42: 38).

AXn-\m¬ ]pcp-j≥ hońse tkzOm-[n-]-Xntbm k¿hm-[n-Im-cntbmA√. F√m ssZhn-I-]-cn-[n-Ifpw ]men-°m-\-bmƒ _m[y-ÿ-\mWv;IpSpw-_-Øns‚ kwc-£Ww am\y-ambpw acym-Z-tbms-Sbpw \n¿h-ln-°m≥ IS-s∏- -h\pw. kvXobpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-sf√mw ]q¿W-ambpw ]men-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww AXv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xv. A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p:""kvXoIƒ°v Nne _m[y-X-I-fp-≈-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂ \ymb-amb NneAh-Im-i-ß-fp-ap≠v''(2: 228).

]hm-N-I≥(k) ]d-bp∂p: ""am\y-∑m-c-√msX kvXoIsf am\n-°p-I-bn√. \oN-\-√msX Ahsc \nµn-°p-I-bn√.''

""IpSpw-_-tØmSv ImcpWyw ImWn-°m-Ø-h\pw Al-¶-cn-°p-∂-h\pw kz¿K-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-I-bn√''(A_q-Zm-hqZv).

""hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ hnizm-k-]-c-ambn G‰-hp-a-[nIw ]q¿WX hcn-®-h≥ Ah-cn¬ G‰w \√ kz`m-h-ap-≈-h-\mWv. \nß-fn-te-‰hpw \√-h¿kz¥w kl-[¿an-Wn-am-tcmSv \∂mbn h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cmWv''(Xn¿anZn).

kzIp-Spw-_-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬]n\pw ]Xn-tcm-[-Øn\pw Pohn-Xm-h-iy-ßƒ°pw KpW-I-c-amb F√m-‰n\pw ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠nPohnXw \o°n-h-®Xv ]pcp-j-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ hońse Ah-km-\-hm°v˛N¿®°pw IqSn-bm-tem-N-\°pw tijw˛ Ah-t‚-XmWv. F∂m-eXv\∑°v FXntcm Ah-Im-i-\n-tj-[tam Ahn-th-I-]q¿htam BIm-h-X√. `¿Øm-hn\v sX‰v kw`-hn-®m¬ Xncp-Øm\pw Abm-fpsS A\ym-b-amb Xocp-am-\-ßƒ Ah-K-Wn-°m\pw th≠n-h-∂m¬ XZm-h-iym¿YwXs‚tbm Abm-fp-sStbm IpSpw-_-sØtbm A[n-Im-c-tI-µ-ß-sftbmkao-]n-°m\pw kvXo°v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn°pw. ]pcp-j-\m-hs´,At∏mƒ ssZhn-I-]-cn-[n-Iƒ ]men®p \S-∏m-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-\p-amWv.

]pd-Øp-t]mbn ]Wn-sb-Sp-°m≥ kvXotb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ Ign-bpI]pcp-j-∂mWv. ]Xn-tbm-Kn-I-fpsS ]cm-I-a-ßsf ]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂Xpw Ah-\p-Xs∂. F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw kvXo°v F√m ka-bØpw Hcp-t]mse ]mSØpw ]d-ºnepw mIvS-dn-bnepw ]pdØpw t]mbntPmen sNbvXp kºm-Zn-°pI km[y-a√. a\p-jy-cmin \ne-\n¬°-W-

199kvt\l-kw-hmZw

sa-¶n¬ kvXo K¿`w [cn-°p-Ibpw ]k-hn-°p-Ibpw ape-bq-´p-I-bp-sams° thW-at√m. Cu imco-cn-I-amb ]tXy-I-X-I-fm-emWv CkvemwIpSpw-_-Øns‚ kmº-Øn-I-_m-[y-X-Ifpw kwc-£-tWm-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw t\Xr-]-Z-hnbpw ]pcp-js\ G¬]n-®Xv.

F¥p-sIm≠v kvXo]hm-N-I-∑m-cn√?

""ssZh-Øn-¶¬ enwK-hn-th-N-\-an-s√-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v kvXo ]hm-N-I-∑msc \ntbm-Kn-®n√?''

ssZhnI Pohn-X-hy-hÿ kaq-l-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°epw AXn\v I¿a-]-c-amb km£yw hln-°epw ]mtbm-KnI amXrI ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°-ep-am-Wt√m ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS ][m\ ZuXyw. AXn-\m¬ Bcm-[-\m-Im-cy-ß-fnepw kmaq-lnI, kmº-ØnI, kmwkvIm-cnI, cmjvSob,`c-W-cw-Kß-fnepw bp≤w, k‘n t]mep-≈-h-bnepw kaq-l-Øn\v Ah¿amXr-I-bm-th-≠-Xp≠v. amk-Øn¬ GXm\pw Znhkw Bcm-[-\m-I¿a-ßƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬Im\pw K¿`-[m-cWw, ]khw t]mep≈ L´-ß-fn¬ \mb-I-Xz-]-c-amb ]¶p-h-ln-°m\pw kvXoIƒ°v km[y-am-hmsXhcp∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kaq-l-Øn\v kZm kI-e- ta-J-e-I-fnepwt\XrXzw \¬tI≠ ]hm-N-I-Xz-_m-[y-X-bn¬\n∂v kvXoIƒ Hgn-hm-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p. F¶nepw aqkm-\-_n-bpsS amXmhv kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]I¿tØ≠ \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v t\cn´v kzoI-cn-®-Xmbn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°p∂p. A√mlp Adn-bn-°p∂p: ""\mwaqkm-bpsS amXm-hn\p t_m[\w \¬In. Ahs\ ape-bq-ń-s°m-≈pI.Ahs‚ Poh-\n¬ Bi-¶-bp-≠m-bm¬ Ahs\ \Zn-bn-se-dn-bpI. H∂pw`b-s∏-tS-≠-Xn√. H´pw ZpxJn-t°-≠-Xn√. \mw Ahs\ \ns‚ ASp-°-te-°p-Xs∂ Xncn-sI -sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xm-Ip∂p. Ahs\ ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-epƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw''(28: 7).

]hm-N-I≥am¿°v e`n°pw hn[w tbip-hns‚ amXmhv a¿b-an\vae-°n¬\n∂v ktµiw e`n-®Xmbpw Jp¿-B≥ ]kvXm-hn-°p∂p:""Aß-s\ a¿bw B Ip™ns\ K¿`w [cn®p. K¿`-hp-ambn Ahƒ A-I-sebp-≈ Hcp ÿeØv sNs∂Øn. ]ns∂ ]k-h-th-Z\ AhsfHcp Cu¥-∏-\-bpsS Nph-ń-se-Øn®p. Ahƒ tIWp-sIm-≠n-cp∂p. lmIjvSw! CXn\p apºp-Xs∂ Rm≥ acn-°p-Ibpw Fs‚ t]cpw Ipdnbpwhnkvar-X-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-s∂-¶n¬! At∏mƒ Xmsg-\n∂v ae°vAhsf hnfn-®-dn-bn®p. hyk-\n-°m-Xn-cn-°pI! \ns‚ \mY≥ \n\°pXmsg Hcp Acphn Hgp-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p. \o B Cu¥-∏-\-bpsS XSn-sbm-∂p Ipep°n t\m°pI. AXp \n\°v ]pXnb CuØ-∏gw hogvØn-Ø-cpw. AXp Xn-∂p-Ibpw IpSn-°p-Ibpw IÏp-fn¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≈pI. ]ns∂, h√ a\p-jy-scbpw ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ah-tcmSp ]d-t™-°pI: Rm≥ Imcp-Wn-I-\mb ssZh-Øn-\p-th≠n hXw t\¿∂n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. AXn-\m¬ Rm\n∂v BtcmSpw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-X√''(19:22˛-26).

]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ kvXoIƒ ]hm-N-I-cmbn \ntbm-


Kn-X-cm-b-nń-s√-¶nepw ]hm-N-I-∑m¿s°-∂-t]mse Ah¿°pw Znhy-t_m-[\w e`n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Cu thZ-hm-Iy-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p∂p.

ap∏-Ønaq∂v

]¿Z apX¬ km£yw hsc

""]¿Z \n¿_-‘-am-°pI hgn Ckvemw kvXoIsf ]oUn-∏n-°p-I-bt√sNøp-∂Xv? apkvenw kvXoI-fpsS ]n∂m-°m-h-ÿ°v ][m\ ImcWw]¿Z-bt√?''

kvXo apJhpw ap≥ssI-bp-sam-gn-®p≈ ico-c-`m-K-ßƒ ad-bv°-W-sa-∂-XmWv Ckvem-anI imk\. CXv ]ptcm-K-Xn°v XS- -a-s√∂p amX-a√; klm-b-I-hp-amWv. kvXo°v ]¿Z ]oU-\-a√; kpc-£-bmWv \¬Ip-∂Xv.

C∂v temI-Øns‚ ]e mKØpw ]¿Z-b-Wn™ kvXoIƒ imkvX-⁄-I-fmbpw ssham-\n-I-cmbpw kmln-Xy-Im-cn-I-fmbpw ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-I-fmbpw ]m¿e-sa‚w-K-ß-fmbpw ]ikvX tkh\w \n¿h-ln-®p-h-cp∂p. Cdm-\nse A©p sshkv ]kn-U‚p-am-cn-sem-cm-fmb aA-vkqamC_vXn-Im¿ ]¿Zm-[m-cn-Wn-bmWv. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ D]-cn-]-T\w \n¿h-ln®aA-vkq-am -sX-lvdm≥ bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse Atkm-kn-tb‰v ]^-kdpw]ikvX ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-bp-amWv. Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ kmaq-lnI ]h¿Ø-I-bmb Ah¿ \nc-h[n A¥¿tZ-iob ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ kw_-‘n-®n-´p≠v. Cdm-\nse ]apJ h\nXm ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-amb "alvPq-_m-ln's‚]Xm-[n-]bpw sXlvdm≥ k¿h-I-em-imem ]^-k-dp-amb Spdm≥ Pwio-Zvbm≥, \mj\¬ Hfnw-]nIv sshkv ]kn-U‚pw ]m¿e-sa‚ v D]m-[y-£-bp-am-bn-cp∂ ^kolv lmivan, h\nXm t£a-h-Ip-∏ns‚ D]-tZ-i-I-bm-bn-cp∂ ilvem l_o_n, ate-jy≥ cmjvSo-b-Øn¬ \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ hm≥ Akok t]mep≈ hnJym-X-cmb h\n-X-I-sf√mw ]¿Zm-[m-cn-Wn-I-fmWv. B[p-\nI temIØv cWm-¶-W-Øn¬ [oc-ambn s]mcp-Xnb hoc-h-\n-X-Iƒ Cdm-\n-sebpw A^vKm-\n-kvXm-\n-sebpw ]¿Zm-[m-cn-Wn-I-fm-sW∂ hkvXpX hnkva-cn-°m-h-X√. thmfn-t_mƒ, _mkv-I‰v t_mƒ, jqńwKv, ssk¢nwKv, sS∂okv, Pnw\m-ÃnIv, IpXn-c-tbm´w,PqtUm, Icms´, sN v XpS-ßnb hnt\m-Z-ß-fnepw Imbn-Im-`ym-k-ß-fnepw anIhv ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ Cdm-\n-b≥ h\n-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS

201kvt\l-kw-hmZw

]mX-bn¬ ]¿Z Hcp-hn[ hnLm-Xhpw krjvSn-°p-∂n√. ]¿Z°v kam-\-amb hkvX-a -Wn -™Xv aZ¿ sXtc-k-bpsS tkh-\-hr -Øn-Iƒs°m´pw hnLmXw krjvSn-®n√. hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂ I\ym-kvXo-I-fpsS thjw Ckvem-anse ]¿Z°p kam-\-am-Wt√m. ico-c-`mKw ad-bv°p-∂Xv tKmfm-¥-c-bm-Xt°m ]co-£-W-˛\n-co-£-W-ßƒt°m H´pw XS w krjvSn-°n-s√∂v Nmµ-bm-Xn-I-cpsS A\p-`hw sXfn-bn-°p∂p. ]m‚ vkpw j¿´pw ssSbpwHmh¿tIm´pw tkmIvkpw jqhpw tI∏p-a-Wn-bp∂ ]m›m-Xy-cm-Py-ß-fnse ]pcp-j-∑m¿ Ckvemw kvXoI-tfmSv ad-bv°m-\m-h-iy-s∏´ ico-c-`m-K-ß-fn-te-sdbpw ad-bv°p-∂-h-cmWv. kvXoIƒ adn-®m-sW-¶nepw.

kvXosb-∂m¬ Ah-fpsS ico-chpw cq]-em-h-Wy-hp-am-sW∂pwAh-fpsS hy‡nXzw AXns‚ tamSn ]nSn-∏n-°-en-\-\p-kr-X-am-sW-∂p-ap≈ [mcW krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]pØ≥ apX-em-fnØ kmam-Py-Xzhpw AXns‚ krjvSn-bmb Itºmf kwkvIm-chpw h≥hn-Pbwhcn-®-XmWv, ]¿Z ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw ]cn-jvIm-c-Øn\pw XS- -am-sW∂[mcW hf-cm≥ ImcWw. amwk-f-amb ico-c-`m-K-ßƒ ]Z¿in-∏n®v]´-W-ß-fnepw s]mXp-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw Np‰n-°-d-ß-emWv ]ptcm-K-Xn-sb∂v ]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ kvXoIƒ, ]pcp-j-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS ico-c-ku-µcyw I≠m-kz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n¿hrXnbS-bp∂ HcpXcw at\m-ssh-Ir-X-Øn-\-Sn-s∏-´-h-csX.

kaq-l-Ønse kvXoI-fp-sS-sbms° kuµcyw I≠m-kz-Zn-°m≥Imam-Xp-c-amb IÆp-I-fp-ambn ImØn-cn-°p-∂-h-cn¬\n∂v kz¥w icocwad-®p-h-bv°emWv am\yX. kvXobpsS kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn\v Gsd klm-b-Ihpw AXsX. ]¿ZbWn-bm≥ Ckvemw Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂. AtXm-sSm∏w AXv ]ptcm-K-Xnsb H´pw ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p-an√. Cdm≥ kµ¿in-®-tijw Fw.]n. hotc-µ-Ip-am¿ Fgp-Xnb hcn-Iƒ it≤-b-asX: ""Cdm-\n-b≥ kvXo-Iƒ ]¿Z [cn-°p∂p. apJw aqSm-dn√. Xe aqSpw. GXv ]nIv\nIv kvt]mń¬ sN∂mepw\qdp-I-W-°n\v kvXoIsf ImWmw. Cdm-\n-b≥ hm¿Øm GP≥kn-bmb "C¿\'-bpsS tIµ-I-Ωn‰n Hmô-kn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ AhnsS]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-h-cn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw kvXoI-fm-bn-cp∂p. kvXoIƒsXlvdm-\n-eqsS Imtdm-Sn-°p∂p. Hcp Ipg-∏-hp-an√. ]t£ H∂p≠v.\yqtbm¿°n-sems° t]mbm¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse kvXoIsf skIvkvknw_-em°n am‰m≥ Cdm-\n-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn√.''(t_m[\whmcnI, 1993 \hw-_¿ 6).

ioaXn I¬]\m i¿a-bpsS tNmZyw ]k-‡-asX: ""hnZy-b-`y-kn-°m\pw ]pd-Øn-dßn tPmen sNøp-hm\pw ZmºXy _‘w s]mdp-∏n-®p-Iq-SmsX hcp-tºmƒ hnhm-l-tam-N-\-am-h-iy-s∏´v tImS-Xn-bn¬t]mhm\pw Ah-Im-i-ap≈ Cdm-\nse kvXoIƒs°-Xnsc hn[n-]-d-bm≥\mw i‡-cmtWm? ]¿Z-b-Wn-bp∂ Cdm-\nse ktlm-Z-cn-am-tc-°mƒF¥p al-Øz-amWv \ΩpsS \mńse kvXoIƒ°p-≈Xv?''(Kalpana


Sharma- Behind The Veil- The Hindu 20- 7-'97).""kvXoIƒ°v ]¿Z \n¿_-‘-am-°p-Ibpw ]pcp-j-∑msc AXn¬\n-s∂m-gnhm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv XnI™ hnth-N-\-at√?''

Cu hnth-N\w ]Ir-Xn-]-c-amWv. kvXoI-fp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-∑m-cp-sSbpw ico-c-]-IrXn Hcp-t]m-se-b√t√m. GsXmcp Icp-Ø-\mb ]pcp-j\pw kvXosb Ah-fpsS A\p-hm-Z-an-√msX Xs∂ _em-’wKwsNøm≥ km[n-°pw. F∂m¬ kvXo FX Icp-Ø-bm-bmepw ]pcp-js‚A\p-aXnbn-√msX Abmsf ssewKn-I-ambn Iogvs∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-√. CuA¥-c-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-amb Xm¬]-cy-amWv hkvX-Ønse hyXymkw.AXn-\m-em-Wt√m C¥y-bpƒs∏sS temI-saßpw kvXobpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\v ]tXyI \nbaw A\n-hm-cy-am-b-Xv. kvXo]o-U-\-Øn\v ITn-\-in£ \nbaw aqew \n›-bn® \mSp-I-fn-sem∂pw ]pcpj ]oU-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc C∆n[w \nb-a-\n¿amWw \S-Øn-bn-ń-√-t√m. imco-cnI hyXym-k-ß-fm¬ IqSp-X¬ kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw ap≥I-cp-Xepw Bh-iy-ap-≈XvkvXoIƒ°msW∂v CXv kpXcmw hy‡-am-°p∂p. Ahƒ Xs‚ ico-c-ku-µcyw ]c-]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS apºn¬ ]I-Sn-∏n-°-cp-sX∂v CkvemwBh-iy-s∏-Sm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXsX. AXn-\m¬ ]¿Z kvXoIƒ°vkpc-£bpw kuI-cy-hp-amWv. Aku-I-cytam ]oU-\tam A√.

kvXo°v ]pcp-js‚ ]mXn kzØv""kvXo°v ]pcp-js‚ ]mXn-kz-Øt√ Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p≈q.CXv ISpØ A\o-Xnbpw sImSnb hnth-N-\-hp-at√?''

Ckvem-anI \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v GX-h-k-c-Ønepw kvXo°v Hcp hn[kmº-ØnI _m[y-X-I-fp-an√. Ah-Im-i-ß-tf-bp≈q. F√m _m[y-X-Ifpw GXp kml-N-cy-Ønepw ]pcp-j\p amX-amWv. hnhm-l-th-f-bn¬hc-t‚bpw h[p-hn-s‚bpw hkvX-ß-fpƒs∏sS F√m hn[ sNe-hp-Ifpwhln-t°-≠Xv ]pcp-j-\mWv. AtXm-sSm∏w h[p-hn\v \n¿_-‘-ambpwalv¿ \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw. XpS¿∂v kvXobp-sSbpw Ipń-I-fp-sSbpwkwc-£-tWm-Ø-c-hm-ZnXzw ]q¿W-ambpw ]pcp-j-∂mWv. c≠p-t]cpw Htc-t]mse hcp-am-\-ap≈ tUmIvS¿amtcm A[ym-]-Itcm Bcm-bn-cp-∂mepwicn, kvXo Xm≥ Dƒs∏sS Bcp-sSbpw kmº-Øn-I- sN-e-hp-Iƒ hln-t°-≠-Xn√. DtZym-K-ÿ-bmb mcy-bpsS t]mepw £-Whpw hkvXhpwNnIn-’-bp-apƒs∏-sS-bp≈ sNe-hp-I-sfms° \n¿h-ln-t°-≠Xv ¿Øm-hmWv. AYhm ¿Ømhv ac-W-s∏- m¬ Abmƒ°v kzØn-s√-¶n¬ Abm-fpsS A\m-Y-°p-ń-Isf kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv ]nXmhv, ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿,ktlm-Z-c-a-°ƒ, ]nXr-hy¿ XpSßn acn-®-bmƒ°v a°-fn-s√-¶n¬ Abm-fpsS kzØns‚ injvSm-h-Im-in-I-fm-Im-\n-S-bp-≈-h-cmWv. kvXo hnhm-ln-X-bm-sW-¶n¬ `¿Ømhpw Ahn-hm-ln-X-sb-¶n¬ ]nXmhpw ]nXm-hn-s√-¶n¬ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cp-amWv Ahsf kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv. amXm-hns‚kwc-£-W®p-a-Xe a°ƒ°mWv. AXn-\m¬ GX-h-ÿ-bnepw \nb-a-]-c-ambn kvXo°v Hcp-hn[ kmº-Øn-I -_m-[y-X-bp-an√. ]c-kv]c _‘-Øn-s‚bpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw t]cn¬ sNe-h-gn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv

203kvt\l-kw-hmZw

as‰mcp Imcy-amWv. F∂n´pw Ckvemw kvXo°v kzØ-h-Im-i-a-\p-h-Zn-®Xpw alv¿ \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bXpw Ah-cpsS A¥ pw kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\mWv. kz¥w kzØv kq£n-°m\pw kwc-£n-°m\pw h¿[n-∏n-°m\pw kvXo°v kzmX-¥yhpw Ah-Im-i-hp-ap≠v.amXmhv, aIƒ, `mcy, ktlm-Zcn t]mep≈ GX-h-ÿ-bnepw kwc-£Ww ]q¿W-ambpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-s∏´ tijhpw ùXn-I -am-\-Z-fi-a-\p-k-cn®v kzØv Bh-iy-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂n´pw Ckvemw AXv A\p-h-Zn-®Xv kvXoXz-Øns‚ al-Øz-Øn\pw BZ-c-hn\pw Hcp-hn[ t]md-ep-ta¬°m-Xn-cn-°m-\mWv.

kvXobpsS A\p-hm-Z-an-√msX Ah-fpsS hnhmlw""kvXobpsS A\p-hm-Ztam kΩ-Xtam C√msX Ahsf IeymWwIgn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ c£n-Xm-°ƒ°v Ckvemw A\p-hmZw \¬Ip-∂p-s≠∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv icn-bmtWm?''

A√. kvXobpsS A\p-hm-Ztam kΩ-Xtam C√msX Ahsfhnhmlw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp°m≥ Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n√. AYhm,Aßs\ sNbvXm¬ AXv kzoI-cn-°m-s\∂ t]mse \nc-kn-°m\pwkvXo°v Ah-Im-i-ap≠v.

]hm-N-I≥ (k) ]d-bp∂p: ""I\y-I-b-√mØ kvXosb kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw Ahƒ°p-X-s∂-bmWv c£n-Xm-hn-t\-°mƒ kz¥w ImcywXocp-am-\n-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw. I\y-Isb IeymWw Ign®p sIm-Sp°m≥ Ah-fpsS A\p-hmZw Bcm-tb-≠-XmWv. Ah-fpsS au\w A\p-hm-Z-ambn KWn°pw''(apkvenw, Xn¿anZn, A_q-Zm-hqZv, \kmCu, C_v\p-amP).

Hcn-°¬ Hcp s]Ïpń ]hm-N-I- k-∂n-[n-bn¬ h∂v, ]nXmhvXs‚ kΩXw IqSmsX Hcmsf hnhmlw Ign-°m≥ Xs∂ \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂-Xmbn ]cm-Xn-s∏´p. At∏mƒ Ahƒ°v kz¥w CjvS-]-Imcw]h¿Øn-°m≥ ]hm-N-I≥ A\p-aXn \¬In.

Hcp bphXn \_n-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ h∂p -]-d™p: "Fs‚ ]nXmhvkz¥w ktlm-Z-c-]p-X-s\-s°m≠v, F∂n-eqsS At±-l-Øns‚ t]m-cmbva ]cn-l-cn-°m-\mbn, Fs∂ IeymWw Ign-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p.'Aßs\ \_n Imcyw Xocp-am-\n-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw Ahƒ°v \¬In.At∏mƒ Ahƒ ]d™p: ]nXm-hns‚ ]hrØn Rm≥ AwKo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. C°m-cy-Øn¬ ]nXm-°-∑m¿°v Hcp A[n-Im-c-hp-an-s√∂vkvXoIsf ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°-emWv Fs‚ Dt±iyw.

hnhm-l-°m-cy-Øn¬ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m-\p≈ A[n-Im-chpw Ah-Im-ihpw kvXoIƒ°m-sW∂v CsXm-s°bpw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn sXfn-bn-°p∂p.

kvXobpsS km£yw""km£y-Øn\v Hcm-Wn\p ]Icw c≠v kvXo thW-sa-∂m-Wt√mCkvem-anI \nbaw. CXv kvXotbm-Sp≈ A\o-Xnbpw hnth-N-\hpw


]pcp-j-ta-[m-hn-Xz-]-camb kao-]-\hpat√?''Hcp ]pcp-j\p ]Icw c≠v kvXosb-∂Xv km£y-Øn-\p≈ Ckvem-

ans‚ s]mXp \nb-a-a√; kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ amXw _m[-I-amb Imcy-amWv. kvXoIƒ km[m-cW KXn-bn¬ kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-hcpw sIm≈-s°m-Sp-°-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ]W-an-S-]m-Sp-I-fpsS km£y-Øn¬ A_≤w kw`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m\pw kq£vaX ]men-°m-\p-ambn \n›-bn-°-s∏´ \n_-‘\amX-am-WnXv. kvXos°-Xnsc kZm-Nmc ewL\w Btcm-]n-°-s∏-´m¬kzoI-cn-t°≠ kzbw km£y-Øn-s‚bpw kXyw sNø-en-s‚bpwImcy-Øn¬ kvXo˛]pcpj hyXym-k-sam-´p-an-s√∂v Jp¿-B≥ Xs∂kwi-b-Øn-\n-S-an-√mØ hn[w hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v (A[ymbw 24,hmIyw 6-˛9).

CXc km£y-ß-fpsS ÿnXnbpw CXp-X-s∂. hnhm-l-tam-N-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""C\n Ah-cpsS Zo£m-h[n kam-]n-®mtem,H∂p-In¬ Ahsc am\y-ambn IqsS \n¿Øp-Itbm As√-¶n¬ am\y-amb \ne-bn¬ th¿]n-cn-bp-Itbm sNøp-I. \nß-fn¬ \oXn-am-∑m-cmbc≠m-fp-Isf km£n-I-fm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. Ah¿ A√m-lp-hn-\p-th≠n\oXn-]q¿hw km£yw hln-°-s´.''(65: 2). HkyØn-s\ kw_-‘n®vJp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""hniz-kn-®-h-tc, \nß-fn-sem-cp-h∂v ac-W-am-k-∂-am-hp-Ibpw Abmƒ HkyØv sNøp-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn-\p≈ km£y-Øns‚ am\w C]-Im-c-a-sX. \nß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ c≠p \oXn-am-∑m¿km£yw hln-°-Ww. As√-¶n¬ \nßƒ bmXm-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AhnsS ac-W-hn-]Øv A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ At∏mƒa‰p P\-Øn¬\n∂p c≠m-fp-Isf km£n-I-fm-°-Ww.''(5: 106)

B¿Ø-hw, ]k-hw, XpSßn ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v km£n-I-fm-Im≥ ]bm-k-ap≈ Imcy-ß-fn¬ kvXoIfpsS amXw km£y-amWv kzoIm-cy-am-hp-I-sb-∂-Xn¬ Ckvem-anI ]fin-X-∑m¿ GIm-`n-]m-b-°m-cmWv.

Ckvem-an¬ kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw cmjvSo-bhpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb F√m \nb-a-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm\ ]am-W-ß-fn-sem∂v ]hm-NI Ncy-bmWv. Cu ]hm-NI Ncy-bpsS \nth-Z-\-Øns‚ kzoIm-cy-X-bn¬ ]pcp-j-t‚Xp t]mse-Øs∂ kvXobp-tSXpw ]mam-Wn-Ihpw ]_-e-hp-atX. enwK-t`-Z-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-en-hnsS Hcp-hn[ hnth-N-\-hp-an√. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ ]_-e-amb lZokv KŸ-ß-fn¬ ]pcp-j≥am-sc∂ t]mse kvXoIƒ \nth-Z\w sNbvX-hbpw [mcm-f-ambnImWm-hp-∂-XmWv. F√m km£y-ß-fp-sSbpw km£y-amb ASn-ÿm\]am-W-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ]pcp-js‚ ]Zhn Xs∂ kvXo°pw I¬]n®Ckvemw CS-]m-Sp-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ hyXy-kvX-amb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-®Xv hnth-N-\-]-ctam Ah-K-W-\tbm A\o-Xntbm As√∂pw adn®v,A_≤w kw`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ kq£vaX amX-am-sW∂pw hy‡-atX.

Camw A_q-l-\o^, Xz_cn t]mep≈ ]fin-X≥am¿ kvXoIƒ°v\ymbm-[n-]-ÿm\w hsc hln-°m-sa∂v A`n-]m-b-s∏-ń-´p≠v. \nb-a-

205kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Øn-s‚bpw \oXn-bp-sSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ hnth-N-\-ap-s≠-¶n¬ \nb-a-\-S-Øn-∏ns‚ ]c-tam-∂X ]Z-hn-bmb \ymbm-[n-]-ÿm\w kvXo°vBhm-sa∂v ]mam-WnI ]fin-X-∑m¿ ]d-bp-I-bn-√t√m.

ap∏-Øn\mev

s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Ønse kvXo ]¶m-fnØw

""kvXoIsf s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øn¬\n∂v am‰n-\n¿Øp-Ibpw ASp-°-f-bn¬ Xf-®n-Sp-I-bp-at√ Ckvemw sNøp-∂Xv?''

]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ kvXobpsS][m\ ]h¿Ø-\-cwKw hoSp-X-s∂-bmWv. aln-X-amb IrXyw amXr-Xzhpw. F∂m¬ kvXo s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn-s\tbm kPo-h-]-¶m-fnØw hln-°p-∂-Xn-s\tbm Ckvemw hne-°p-∂n√. F∂√;AX-\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw A\n-hm-cy-k-µ¿ -ß-fn¬ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-IbpwsNøp∂p.

A[y-b-\-Ønepw A[ym-]-\-Ønepw ]hm-N-Is‚ Imew-sXm-´p-Xs∂ kvXoIfpw ]pcp-j-∑m-sc-t∏mse kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-Øp-t]m-∂n-´p≠v. ]hm-N-I-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ h∂v Imcy-ßƒ ]Tn®p a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xnepw AXv a‰p-≈-hsc ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw Ah-scm´pw ]n∂n-em-bn-cp-∂n√. ]hm-N-I-N-cy-bpsS \nth-Z-I-cn¬ ]ap-J-cmb h\n-X-Iƒ D≠m-hm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXsX.

]hm-N-I-]Xv\n BC-i-bpsS ]mfinXyw kphn-Zn-X-am-Wv. Camwkplvcn ]d-bp∂p: ""BCi P\-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw Adn-hp≈ hy‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]hm-N-Is‚ A\p-N-c-∑m-cn¬ ]ap-J¿ t]mepw Ah-tcmSvtNmZn®v ]Tn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p''. kpss_-dns‚ aI≥ D¿h tcJ-s∏Sp-Øp∂p: ""Jp¿-B≥, A\-¥-cm-h-Imi \nb-a-ßƒ, hn⁄m\w, Ihn-X,I¿a-im-kvXw, A\p-h-Z-\obw, \njn-≤w, sshZyw, Ad-_n-I-fpsS ]pcm-X\ hrØm-¥-ßƒ, tKmX-N-cnXw F∂n-h-bn¬ BC-i-tb-°mƒ Adn-hp≈ Bscbpw Rm≥ I≠n-ń√''.

e_o-Zns‚ aI≥ alvaqZv ]d-bp∂p: ""]hm-N-I-]-Xv\n-am-sc√mw lZo-kp-Iƒ a\x-]m-T-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ BC-i-tbmSpw DΩp-k¬a-tbm-


Sp-sam-∏-sa-Øn-bn-cp-∂n-√ a‰p-≈-h¿.'']hm-N-I-]-Xv\n-am-cn¬ BCi amXw 2210 lZo-kp-Iƒ \nthZ\w

sNbvXn-´p-≠v. DΩp-k¬abpw \nc-h[n lZo-kp-Iƒ \nth-Z\w sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. kvXoIƒ amX-a-√, [mcmfw ]pcp-j-∑mcpw Ah-cn¬\n∂vAdnhv t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p. ssh⁄m-\n-I-cw-K-sØ-∂-t]mse Ckvem-an-I-]-t_m-[\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw kvXoIƒ kPo-h- ]-¶p-h-ln-®p. A-Xn-\m¬ ]pcp-j-∑m-sc-t∏m-se-Øs∂ Ahcpw sImSnb ]oU-\-ßƒ°n-c-bmbn. Ckvem-anse BZysØ c‡-km-£n-t]mepw kpaø F∂kvXobm-Wv. P∑-\m-ń¬ PohnXw Zp -l-ambn ]em-b\w A\n-hm-cy-am-b-t∏mƒ kvXoI-fp-a-Xn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn.

]hm-N-I-s‚tbm k®-cn-X-cmb Jeo- -am-cp-sStbm ImeØv s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øn¬\n∂v kvXoIƒ am‰n-\n¿Ø-s∏-ń-cp-∂n-√. bp≤-cw-K-Øp-t]mepw kvXoI-fpsS kPoh km∂n-[y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. DlvZv bp≤-Øn¬`S-∑m¿°v sh≈-sa-Øn-°m\pw apdn-th-‰-hsc ipiq-jn-°m\pw t\XrXzw\¬In-bXv ]hm-N-I-]Xv\n BC-i-bm-bn-cp-∂p. DΩp kp-sseapw DΩpkeoØpw Cu kml-k-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-I-bp-≠mbn.

ssJ_¿ bp≤-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ ]´m-f-°m¿°v Blm-c-sam-cp-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw apdn-th-‰-hsc ipiq-jn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX h\n-X-Iƒ°v]hm-N-I≥ ka-cm¿PnX kº-Øn¬\n∂v hnlnXw \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn.DlvZv bp≤-Øn¬ apdn-th-‰-hscbpw c‡-km-£n-I-sfbpw aZo-\-bn-te-s°-Øn-°p∂ Npa-Xe \n¿h-ln-®Xv apA∆nZns‚ ]pXn dp_øDw kl-]-h¿Ø-I-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. DΩp AXnø Ggp bp≤-ß-fn¬ kw_-‘n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A\kp_v\p amen-°ns‚ amXmhv DΩp kpsseapw \nc-h[n bp≤-ß-fn¬ ]hm-N-Is\ A\p-K-an-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. J≥ZJv bp≤-Øn¬ kvXoI-sfbpw Ipń-I-sfbpw AI-an-°m-s\-Ønb iXpshIq¿Ø Isº-SpØv IpØn-s°m-∂Xv kz^n-ø-bm-Wv. DlvZv bp≤-Øn¬]hm-N-Is‚ ]cn-c-£-bv°mbn s]mcp-Xnb ]ap-J-cn-sem-cmƒ DΩp AΩm-d-bm-Wv. Ah-cpsS ico-c-Øn¬ \nc-h[n apdn-hp-I-tf¬°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.H∂mw Jeo^ A_q-_Iv¿ kn±o-Jns‚ ImeØp \S∂ bama bp≤-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ Ah-cpsS ico-c-Øn¬ ]¥≠p apdn-hp-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cuhn[w cWm-¶-W-Øn¬ [oc-ambn s]mcp-Xnb \nc-h[n h\n-X-Isf Ckvem-an-I-N-cnXw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v.

B[p-\n-I-tem-IØpw apkvenw kvXoIƒ ka-c-cw-KØv kPo-h-ambn]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xn\v \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-ß-fp-≠v. dnZm jm ]lve-hn-bpsSGIm-[n-]Xy a¿ZI c-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc Jpssa\n \bn® t]mcm- -Ønepwdjy≥ A[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s\-Xnsc A^vKm≥ P\X \S-Ønb sNdp-Øp-\n¬]nepw kvXoIƒ [otcm-÷z-e-amb tkh-\-ß-f¿∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ckvem-anI ka-c-\n-c-bnse kvXokm∂n[yw ]m›mXy am[y-a-ßƒ-t]mepw FSpØpImWn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘-nXam-Ipw-hn[w Ah-K-Wn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xm-Wv.

207kvt\l-kw-hmZw

kvXo hoSn\v ]pd-Øp-t]m-bn sXmgn-en-te¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\tbm tkh-\-hr-ØnIfn¬ hym]r-X-am-hp-∂-Xn-s\tbm s]mXp ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬]¶m-fn-bm-hp-∂-Xn-s\tbm Ckvemw Hcp \nebv°pw hne-°p-∂n-s√∂vCXpw CXp-t]m-ep-≈-h-bp-amb kw`-h-ßƒ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p-∂p. c≠mw Jeo^ Da-dp¬ ^mdq-Jns‚ `c-W-Im-eØv IS-I-tºm-f-ß-fpsS ta¬t\m´-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw G¬]n-®n-cp-∂Xv in^m_n≥Xp A_vZn√m F∂ kvXosb-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv ]tXyIw]kvXm-hy-a-sX. \ΩpsS ImesØ D]-t`m-‡r-kw-c-£W hIp-∏ns‚Ub-d-IvS¿ ]Z-hn°p kam-\-amb ÿm\-am-W-Xv.

ka-Im-eo\ kaq-l-Ønepw apkvenw kvXoIƒ Ckvem-anI ]h¿-Ø-\-ß-fnse∂t]mse kmaq-lnI tkh-\-cw-KØpw s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Ønepw kPo-h-ambn ]¶p-h-ln-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. imkvX˛ kmt¶-Xn-I˛hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-I-fn-se√mw Cdm-\n-b≥ kvXoIƒ kvXpXy¿l-amb tkh-\-amWv \n¿h-ln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂-Xv. Ahn-SsØ bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-I-fnse ]^-k¿am-cnepw a‰p Poh-\-°m-cnepw \m¬]Xp iX-am-\-tØmfw kvXoI-fm-Wv. \gvkdn kvIqƒ sXm´v sslkvIq-fnse Ah-km-\-h¿jw hsc A[ym-]-\-hrØn ]q¿W-ambpw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂XvkvXoI-fmWv. Cdm-\nse \s√mcp hn`mKw kvXoIƒ kz¥-ambn I®-h-S-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-h-cm-Wv. kzIm-cy-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnepw k¿°m¿Hmô-kp-I-fnepw D∂-X- tPm-en-bn-te¿s∏- -hcpw \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. [mcmfwh\nXm AUz-t°-‰p-amcpw tUmIvS¿amcpw F©n-\o-b¿amcpw AhnsStPmen sNøp-∂p-≠v. hnZym- ymk Btcm-Ky-h-Ip-∏p-I-fn-embn ]Xn-s\m∂ve£-Øn-tesd kvXoIƒ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn®p hcp-∂p. am[y-a-cw-KØpwCdm-\n¬ kvXoIƒ°v sa®-s∏´ ]mXn-\n-[y-ap-≠v. sSen-hn-j≥ taJ-e-bn¬ ap∏-Ø©p iX-am\w kvXoI-fm-Wv.

CuPn-]vXv, kpUm≥ XpSßn CXc apkvenw \mSp-I-fnepw Ckvem-anI acym-Z-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw ]men-®p-sIm≠p Xs∂ e£-°-W-°n\vkvXoIƒ s]mXp-cw-KØv ]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p. aX-]-fin-X-∑mtcmCkvem-anI ]ÿm-\-ßtfm CXns\ FXn¿°m-dn-s√-∂Xpw it≤-b-a-sX. Cu hn[w s]mXp Pohn-X-Øn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]¶p-h-ln-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-tºmgpw kvXobpsS ]Y-ahpw ][m-\-hp-amb Npa-Xe Krl-`-c-Whpw Ipń-I-fpsS kwc-£-W-hp-am-sW∂ Imcyw Ckvemw Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. AX-h-K-Wn-°p-∂Xv AXy¥w A]-I-S-I-chpw Zqc-hym-]-I-ambhn]-Øp-Iƒ°v \nan-Ø-hp-am-sW∂v DW¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

kvXo°v c-W-˛-cm-jvSob ]¶m-fnØw ]mSnt√?

""kvXoIƒ `c-W-˛-cm-jvSob cwK-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂-Xns\Ckvemw hne-°p-∂pt≠m? apkvenw kvXoIƒ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifm-Im≥ ]mSn-s√∂v ]d-™p-tIƒ°p-∂Xv icn-bmtWm?''

Cu tNmZy-Øn\v Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m≠v I≠ ]apJ ]fin-X-∑m-cn-sem-cm-fmb ssiJv apl-Ω-Zp¬ K men \¬Inb hni-Zo-I-cWw ChnsS


D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p:""aZo\m am¿°-‰ns‚ \nb-¥-Whpw hn[nØo¿∏pw in^m-C-s\-bmWvDa-dp¬ mdqJv G¬]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ah-c-hnsS \nb-a-ew-L-\-ßƒ XSbp-Ibpw \oXn \S-∏m-°p-Ibpw hn[n ]kvXm-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv B -˛-s]¨t`-Z-at\y F√m-h¿°p-an-S-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep-≈- \n-b-¥-W-ßƒ Jeo^ Ah-cpsS ta¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂n√.

kvXoIsf cmjvS-t\-Xr-Xztam `c-Wm-[n-Im-ctam G¬]n-®p-sImSp-°m≥ tamln®p \S-°p∂ Iq´-Øn-sem-∂p-a√ Rm≥. Hcp Imcyta \mwBK-ln-°p-∂p-≈q. kaq-l-Ønse G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-\mb BƒcmPy-Øns‚bpw cmPy`c-W-Øn-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hc-Ww.

"kvXosb A[n-Im-c-ta¬]n® P\X ]cm-P-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p' F∂]hm-N-I-h-N-\-ap-≠-t√m. At∏mƒ GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep≈ A[n-Imcw kvXosb G¬]n-°p-∂Xv ]cm-P-b-Im-c-W-am-hn-t√-sb∂v tNmZn-t®°mw. ChnsS Cu ]hm-N-I-h-N-\sØ kw_-‘n®v A¬]w Bg-Øn¬ Btem-Nn-°m≥ \mam-K-ln-°p-∂p. ]hm-N-I-h-N\w kzoImcywXs∂. F∂m¬ AXns‚ Bibw F¥m-bn-cn°pw?

Ckvem-anI apt∂-‰-Øn\p apºn¬ t]¿jy≥ kmamPyw \new-s]m-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ AhnsS `cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv A`n-i-]vX-amb cmPhm-gvNbpw GIm-[n-]-Xy-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnK-lm-cm-[-\-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb aXw, IqSn-bm-tem-N\ ANn-¥y-amb cmP-Ip-Spw-_w, acWwhn[n-°-s∏´ A`n-]mb hna¿i-\-kzm-X-¥yw, XΩn-e-Sn-°p∂ cmP-Ip-Spw-_-ßƒ, aI≥ ]nXm-hn-s\bpw ktlm-Z-c≥ ktlm-Z-c-s\bpw hI-h-cp-Øp∂ A[n-Im-c-s°m-Xn, k¿thm-]-cn F√mw kln®v AS-ßn-sbm-Xpßn Ign-bp∂ ]Xn-I-c-W-tijn Adn-bmØ P\X!

apkvenw apt∂-‰-Øn\p apºn¬ t]¿jy≥ ssk\yw ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m-\m-hmsX ]n¥n-cn-bp-Ibpw cmPym-Xn¿Øn Npcp-ßn-®p-cpßn hcn-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. At∏m-gp-a-h¿°v ]m]vX-\mb Hcmsf cmPy-`-cWw G¬]n-°m-\m-bn-√. cmP-`-c-W-Øns‚ mK-ambn Ahn-th-In-bmb Hcp kvXosbA[n-Im-c-Øn¬ hmgn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CXv B cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw kmam-Py-Øn-s‚bpw F∂-t∂-°p-am-bp≈ Xntcm-[m\w hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Zo¿L-ho-£-I\pw kq£va-⁄m-\n-bp-amb ]hm-N-I≥ CtX∏‰n-bp≈ Xs‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kXy-k-‘-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. "kvXosb A[n-Im-c-ta¬]n® P\X ]cm-P-b-a-S-™-Xp-X-s∂.'

t\sc adn®v B Ah-kcw t]¿jy≥`-cWw IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-bn-e-[n-jvTn-Xhpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmb h\nX tKmƒUm-ao-dn-s\-t∏m-sem-cm-fm-hp-Ibpw ssk\nI Xocp-am-\-ßƒ DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏-´-h-cpsS Icß-fn¬Bbn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]hm-N-Is‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬as‰mcp hn[-Øn-em-bn-cp-t∂-s\.''

D]-cyp‡ ]hm-N-I-h-N-\sØ kw_-‘n®v tUm. Pam¬ _ZhnFgp-Xp∂p: ""Cu \_n-h-N\w kvXoI-sf- `-cWt\Xr-Xz-Øn¬\n∂pw

209kvt\l-kw-hmZw

am‰n-\n¿Øm-\p≈ sXfn-hmbn hymJym-\n-°-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw]e ]WvUn-X≥amcpw CXn-t\mSv tbmPn-°p-∂n-√. \_n-bpsS ImesØt]¿jy≥ c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ ]hm-N-I-t\mSpw At±lw Ah-cpsS ASp-tØ-°-b® ZqX-t\mSpw sImSnb iXpX ImWn-®-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ t]¿jy-°m¿ Jpkp-hns‚ ]pXnsb Xß-fpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn AwKo-I-cn® hm¿Ø-tbm-Sp≈ ]Xn-I-c-W-sØ, cmjvS-Øns‚`c-W-t\-Xr-Xz-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ enwK-]-iv\-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-b-√, B a¿Z-I-km-am-Py-Øns‚ Bk-∂-]-X-\sØ kw_-‘n® ]h-N-\-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv ImtW-≠Xv. \_n-bpsS ]h-N\w ]n∂oSv ]pe-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp... AXn-\m¬ Cu \_n-h-N\w kvXoIsf cmjvS-Øns‚ c-W-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬\n∂pw Hgn-®p-\n¿Øn-tb -]‰q F∂p-≈-Xn\vsXfn-hm-Ip-∂n-√.''

AXn-\m¬ kvXosb `c-W-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬\n∂v hne-°p∂ hy‡-hpw JWvUn-X-hp-amb Jp¿-B≥ hmIytam ]hm-NI hN-\tam C√.F¶nepw hfsc A\n-hmcy kml-N-cy-an-s√-¶n¬ AsXm-gn-hm-°p-∂-Xm-Wp-Ø-aw. tUm. Pam¬ _Zhn Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Ckvem-ans‚ cmjvSo-bhyhÿ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]kn-≤n-bm¿Pn® ]apJ \nb-a-]WvUnX≥ A_q-b-Avem cmjvS-Ø-e-hs‚ tbmKy-X-I-fn¬ "]pcp-j-\m-bn-cn-°pI' Fs∂mcp hyhÿ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- n-s√∂v A¬Jm-knan\nco-£n-°p-∂p. ChnsS ]t£, Hcp Imcyw ]tXyIw i≤n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ckvem-anse cmjvS-Ø-e-h≥ shdp-samcp NSßp Xe-h-\-√.At±lw \a-kvIm-c-Øn\p t\XrXzw sImSp-°p-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ \nc-¥cw bmX-sN-øp-∂p. CXc cmjvS-Ø-e-h≥am-cp-am-bn˛ Ah¿ ]e-t∏mgpw ]pcp-j≥am-cm-bn-cn-°pw˛ IqSn-bm-tem-N\ \S-Øp-∂p; ]e-t∏mgpwclky kw`m-j-W-ß-fpw. kvXoIƒ°v CØcw _‘-ßfpw _m[y-X-Ifpw Zp¿h-l-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. amX-a-√, kvXo˛-]p-cp-j≥am¿°n-S-bnse icn-bmb ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-ßsf kw_-‘n®vCkvem-anI am¿K \n¿tZ-i-ß-tfmSv Ah s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bn√.''

CXv cmjvS-Øns‚ ]c-tam-∂X ]Z-hnsb kw_-‘n-®p- amXw _m[-I-am-Ip∂ Imcy-am-Wv. kvXo AXn-\p-Xm-sg-bp≈ ÿm\-ßƒ hln-°p-∂-Xn-s\tbm kPo-h -cm-jvSo-b-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn-s\tbm Ckvemw-hn-e-°p-∂n-√. Cdm≥ Ckvem-anIv dn∏-ªn-°nse sshkv ]kn-U‚p-am-cnsemcmfpw Ahn-SsØ Fw.-]n-.am-cn¬ ]Xn-\mep t]cpw h\n-X-I-fm-Wv. CXc apkvenw \mSp-I-fpsS ÿnXnbpw `n∂-a-√.

F¶nepw kvXoI-fpsS ]Y-ahpw ][m-\-hp-amb _m[yX hoSns‚`c-Whpw amXr-Xz-]-c-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß-fpsS icn-bmb \n¿h-l-W-hp-am-sW∂ Imcyw hnkva-cn-°m-h-X-√. hcpw-X-e-ap-d-Isf bYm-hn[nhm¿Øpw hf¿Øn-bp-sa-Sp-°p-I-sb-∂-Xns\ Ckvemw H´pw \n m-c-am-


bn-°m-Wp-∂n-s√∂p amX-a-√, AXn-]-[m\ IrXy-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. amXrXzw `qan-bn¬ G‰hpw BZ-c-Wo-bhpw aln-X-hp-am-hm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-X-s∂.

ap∏-Ø©v

A\mY ]uXs‚ A\-¥-cm-h-Imiw

""]tc-X\v ]pX-\p-≈-t∏mƒ A\mY ]uX≥ A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-bm-hp-I-bn-√. Cu \nbaw A\ym-b-at√? A\m-Y-tcm-Sp≈ AXn-Iq-c-ambA\o-Xnbpw? A\mY kwc-£-W-Øn\v A\-ev]-amb ]m[m\yw Iev]n-°p∂ Ckvemw Aßs\ sNøptam? AXn-\m¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ A\-¥-cm-h-Imi hyhÿ A\n-kvem-an-Ihpw Jp¿-B-\nI kao-]-\-Øn\vhncp-≤-hp-at√?''

Xo¿®-bmbpw Ckvemw -A-\m-Y-kw-c-£-W-Øn\v AXn-bmb]m[m\yw Iev]n-®n- p-≠v. Ah-tcm-Sp≈ Ah-K-W\ aX-\n-tj[w Xs∂-bmWv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""\o I≠p-thm, aXsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-hs\? Ah-\m-Ip∂p A\m-Ysb Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-h≥.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 107:1, 2)

A\m-Y-tbmSv ]cp-j-ambn s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xp-t]mepw ]m]-am-Wv. ]hm-N-Is\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNbvXv A√mlp B⁄m-]n-°p∂p: ""AXn-\m¬ \o A\m-Y-tbmSv ]cp-j-ambn s]cp-am-d-cp-Xv. tNmZn®p hcp-∂-hsc hnc-´-cp-Xv.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 93: 9,10)

]n¥p-S¿®m-h-Im-i-sØ-∏‰n ]d-t™-S-sØ√mw ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B≥]tbm-Kn-®Xv "hnt´-®p-t]mb kzØv' (4: 7, 176) F∂m-Wv. CXn¬ aq∂ps]mXp XØz-ßƒ A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. Ckvem-an¬ A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ A\-¥-c-sa-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ BfpsS Pohn-X-Im-eØv Abm-fpsS kzØn¬ B¿°pwHc-h-Im-i-hp-an-√.

2. ]tc-Xs‚ ac-W-k-a-bØv Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m¿°vamXta Zmb-[-\m-h-Im-i-ap-≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q.

3. ]tc-Xs‚ Pohn-X-Im-eØv ac-W-s∏´ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m¿°v Abm-

211kvt\l-kw-hmZw

fpsS A\-¥-c-kz-Øn¬ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. A\-¥-c-kz-Øp-≠m-hp-∂-Xn\p aptº Ah¿ acn-®p-t]m-bn F∂-Xp-Xs∂ Imc-Ww.

A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ambn A√mlp AwKo-I-cn-®XvASpØ _‘-am-Wv. "amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw ASpØ _‘p-°fpw hnt´®p-t]mb kzØv' F∂ Jp¿-Bs‚ ]tbmKw AXmWv sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.Bdp \nb-a-ßƒ CXns‚ A\n-hm-cy-X-bsX:

1. ]tc-Xs‚ ASpØ _‘p-°ƒ AtX Xmh-gn-bnse AI∂_‘p-°-fpsS Ah-Imiw XSbpw.

2. Zmb-[\ hn`-P-\-Øn¬ A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-bpsS kmº-Øn-Im-h-ÿ-b-√. ]tc-X-\p-am-bp≈ _‘-amWv ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-I.

3. Zmb-[\ hn`-P-\-Ønse AwKo-IrX am\-ZWvUw hy‡n-I-fpsSBh-iy-ßtfm Ah-i-X-Itfm A√; _‘-Øns‚ kz`m-h-am-Wv.

4. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, `mcym-`¿Øm-°≥am¿, ]pX˛]pXn-am¿ F∂n-h-cmWv ]tc-Xs‚ ASpØ _‘p-°ƒ. Ah-cpsS km∂n-[y-Øn¬a‰mcpw Ah-Im-in-I-fm-hp-I-bn-√.

5. ]nXm-hp-≈-t∏mƒ ]nXm-a-l\pw amXm-hp-≈-t∏mƒ DΩq-Ωbpw ]pX-\p-≈-t∏mƒ ]uX\pw Zmb-[-\m-h-Im-in-I-fm-hp-I-bn-s√-∂Xv CXns‚A\n-hm-cy-X-b-sX.

6. ]nXm-hn-√m-Xn-cns° ]nXm-a-l∂pw ]pX-\n-√m-Ø-t∏mƒ ]uX-∂pw ]n¥p-S¿®-mh-Imiw e`n-°p-∂Xv Ah¿ ]nXm-hn-s‚-bpw- ]p-X-s‚bpw ]Xn-\n-[n-I-sf∂ \ne-°√; G‰hpw ASpØ IÆn-I-fpsS A`m-h-Øn¬ Ah-Imiw sXm´-SpØ IÆn-I-fn-te°v \ofp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.

D]-cyp‡ Imc-W-ß-fm¬ ]pX≥am-cp-≈-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS a°ƒ°vamX-a-√, t\csØ acn-®p-t]mb ]pX≥am-cpsS a°ƒ°pw ]tc-Xs‚kzØn¬ hnln-X-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. Imc-Ww, ChnsS Zmb-[-\m-h-ImiwIpSpw-_-irw-J-e-bnse G‰hpw ASpØ IÆn-bmb ]pX-\p-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ AI∂ IÆn-bmb ]uX-\n-te°p \ofp-∂n-√. ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂pw ]hm-N-I-N-cy-bn¬\n-∂pw, Ct∂m-f-ap≈ ]mam-Wn-I-cmb ]WvUn-X≥am-c-Xbpw a\- n-em°nbXpw BN-cn-®p-t]m-∂-Xp-amb \nbaw CX-sX.

tIhe \nb-a-ßƒsIm≠v Cu ]-iv\-Øn¬ kºq¿W \oXn \S-∏m-°pI km[y-a-√. CXv Ckvem-ans‚ amXw ÿnXn-b-√. apgp-h≥ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-fpsSbpw Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv. Nne DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS CuhkvXpX B¿°pw A\m-bmkw Kln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

1. ]tc-X\v \mep a°-fp-s≠∂v k¶-ev]n-°p-I. aqØ aI≥ 28 hb- p≈ F©n-\o-b-dm-Wv. kz¥-ambn kzØpw hoSp-ap-≠v. c≠m-a≥ Ccp-]-Øn-\m-ep-Im-c-\mb tUmIvS-dm-Wv. aq∂m-a≥ ]¥≠v hb- p≈hnZym¿Yn-bpw, \mem-a≥ \mep hb- p-Im-c-\pw. kºq¿W-\o-Xnsbkw_-‘n® ip≤ k¶-ev]-a-\pkcn®v kzsØ√mw sNdnb c≠v Ipń-Iƒ°mbn Ah-cpsS ]mb-hy-Xym-k-a-\p-k-cn®v hoXn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-


bmWv th≠-Xv. aqØ c≠p t]¿°pw kzbw kºm-Zn-°m≥ km[n-°p-a-t√m. F∂m¬, C∆n[w Zmb-[\w Hml-cn-sh-°-W-sa∂v Hcp \nb-a-hy-h-ÿbpw A\p-im-kn-°p-∂n-√. AsXm´v ]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-a-√.

2. A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-I-fmb c≠v ]pX≥am-cn¬ Hcmƒ AwK-ssh-I-ey-Øm¬ A[zm-\-tijn Ipd-™-h\pw A]-c≥ Atcm-K-Zr-V-Km-X-\p-am-sW-¶n¬ Zmb-[-\-Øns‚ knwl-`m-Khpw hnI-emw-K\v \evIn-bmte\oXn-bm-hp-I-bp-≈q. F∂m¬ c≠mƒ°pw Xpey-ambn mKn-°m-\-√msXimco-cn-I-i-‡n-bpsS G‰-°p-d-h-\p-k-cn®v A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-Ønse A\p-]mXw \n›-bn® Hcp \nbahyh-ÿbpw temI-Øn√.

3. Htc amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS k¥m-\-ß-sf√mw _p≤n-i-‡nbnepwkma¿Yy-Ønepw ka≥am-cm-bn-cn-°n-√, Akm-am\y Ign-hp-≈-hcpw Xosctami-°m-cp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ka¿Y≥am¿°v thKw kºm-Zn-°m\pw kpJ-ambn Pohn-°m\pw km[n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah-cpsS Zmb-[-\-hn-lnXw a‰va°sfbt]-£n®v Ipd-bv°-W-sa∂v B⁄m-]n-°p∂ ]n¥p-S¿®m-hIm-i-Iaw Fhn-sSbpw \ne-hn-en-√. ss[j-WnI Ign-hns‚ tXmX-\pkcn®vA\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-Ønse A\p-]mX \n¿Wbw \S-∏p≈ Imcy-hp-a-√.

Cßs\ kºq¿W-\oXn \S-∏m-°m≥ tIh-e-\n-b-a-ßƒ°v km[y-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m-emWv Cu taJ-e-bn¬ Ckvemw a\p-jys‚ ]c-tem-I- hn-izm-k-Ønepw [¿a-t_m-[-Ønepw Imcp-Wy-hn-Im-c-ß-fnepw Du∂¬\evIp-∂-Xv. Ah-sbms° DtØ-Pn-∏n®v amXta kmº-Øn-I-\oXn \S-∏m-°m-\m-hp-I-bp-≈q.

]mXn-\n-[y-kn-≤m-¥-awKo-I-cn-®m¬ amXta ]pX-\p-≈-t∏mƒA\mY ]uX\v A\-¥-c-kz-Øn¬ hn-ln-X-ap-≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. acn®]pX≥ Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≈-Xmbn k¶-ev]n-®v, X¬ÿm-\Øv Abm-fpsSk¥m-\-ßsf ]X-n\n-[n-I-fm°n Zmb-[-\-Øn¬ hnlnXw \¬Ip∂kº-Zm-b-am-Wn-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, AF∂ hy‡n-°v, B,C F∂o c≠v]pX≥am-cp-s≠∂v k¶-ev]n-°p-I. D,E,F F∂n-h¿ BbpsS k¥m-\-ß-fm-Wv. A Pohn-®n-cn-s°-Xs∂ B acn-®p. ]n∂oSv A acn-®m¬ B Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-\mbn ]cn-K-Wn®v CtbmsSm∏w D,E,F F∂n-hsc BbpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm°n AbpsS A\-¥-c-kzØv hn`-Pn-°-em-Wn-Xv. At∏mƒ C °ve`n-°p∂ hnlnXw BbpsS aq∂v a°ƒ°pw IqSn In´p-∂p.

Ckvemw Cu ]mXn-\n-[y-coXn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. ]kvXpXkn≤m¥w Ht´sd ]mfn-®-Iƒ°pw ]ng-hp-Iƒ°pw hgn-sh-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xp-Xs∂ Imc-Ww.

1. A\-¥-cm-h-Imi hyh-ÿ-bn-se-hn-sS-sb-¶nepw ]mXn-\n-[y-kn-≤m¥w AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ F√m hi-ß-fnepw AXv \S-∏m-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cpw. `mcym-`¿Øm-°≥amcpw CXn¬\n-s∂m-gn-hm-Ip-I-bn-√. AXn-\m¬, `¿Øm-hns‚ ac-W-tijw `mcy acn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ mcy-bpsS A\-¥-c-kz-Øn¬ ¿Øm-hn-\p≈ hnlnXw, acn®`¿Øm-hns‚ ASpØ _‘p-°ƒ°v \evtI-≠n-h-cpw. AXpt]m-se,

213kvt\l-kw-hmZw

`mcy-bpsS tijw `¿Ømhv acn-®m¬ `mcy-bpsS hnlnXw Ah-cpsSamXmhv, ]nXmhv t]mep≈ D‰-_-‘p-°ƒ°v \evtI-≠n-h-cpw. Cßs\sNø-W-sa∂v Bcpw hmZn-°p-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√.

2. ]nXmhv Pohn-®n-cn-∏n-√mØ Hcmƒ acn-®m¬ Zmb-[\w hoXn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Abmƒ°p aptº acn-®p-t]mb ]nXm-hns‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-°m-sc-sb√mw ]nXm-hns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn®v Ah-Imiw\evtI-≠n-h-cpw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, AbpsS a°-fmWv B, C, D. CXn¬B°v E, F, G F∂o a°-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. Ch-cn¬ A t\csØ ac-W-s∏-´p.- ]n-∂oSv B acn-°p-tºmƒ `mcy-tbm amXm-thm ]nXm-a-l-t\m DΩq-ΩtbmCs√-¶n¬ apgp-h≥ [\hpw tij-°m-cmb a°ƒ E, F, G F∂n-h¿°mWve`n-°p-I. F∂m¬, ]mXn-\n[y kn≤m¥w AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬A Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-\mbn k¶-ev]n®v Bdn-sem∂v Abmƒ°v \o°n-sh®v a‰p a°-fmb B, C F∂n-hsc AbpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm°n Ah¿°v\evtI-≠n-hcpw. A]-Imcw aptº ac-W-s∏´ amXm-hns‚ ASpØ_‘p-°sf Ah-cpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn IW-°m°n Bdn-sem∂vAh¿°pw, acn-®p-t]mb mcy-bpsS D‰-hsc Ah-cpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm°nFń-sem∂v Ah¿°pw sImSp-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AtXmsSbp‡n-bp-‡hpw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-hp-amb A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-L-S\ bp‡n-iq-\yhpw Ahy-h-ÿn-X-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Aßs\ A\m-Y-cmb]uX≥am-cpsS t\´-Øn-\p-th≠n D≠m-°p∂ AtX hyhÿ Ah-cpsS kzØv a‰p _‘p-°-fn-te°v Hgp-In-t∏m-Im-\p≈ At\Iw Nmep-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p.

3. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\ntem ]hm-N-I-N-cy-bntem hy‡-am-°p-ItbmkqNn-∏n-°p-Itbm sNømØ Hcp \nbaw ]pXp-Xmbn \n¿an-°p-tºmƒAXn\v ]mam-Wn-I-amb ASn-Ø-d-bn-s√-¶n¬ _p≤n-]-c-amb km[p-X-sb-¶nepw thWw. A\mY ]uX≥am-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ amXw ]mXn\n-[y-kn-≤m¥w AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw as‰-hn-sSbpw AXv ]cn-K-Wn-°m-Xn-cn°pI-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn\v Fs¥-¶nepw sXfnthm \ymbo-I-c-WtamA\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. CsXm∂pw Ct∂mfw Bcpw apt∂m-´p-sh-®n-ń-√.

4. ]mXn-\n-[y-kn-≤m-¥-aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ktlm-Zc ktlm-Z-cn-am¿°pw ]nXr-hy≥am¿°pw Ah-cpsS ]pX≥am¿°p-sa√mw A\-¥-cm-h-Imi \nbaw \n›-bn-®Xv A\m-h-iy-am-sW∂v hmZn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. Imc-Ww, ]tc-X\v ]nXm-hp-s≠-¶n¬ ktlm-Z-c≥am¿°pw a‰pw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√t√m; a‰v Hml-cn-°m-cp-tSXv Ign-®p-≈-sX√mwAt±-l-Øn-\m-Wt√m e`n-°p-I. ]mXn-\n-[y -X-Øz-a-\p-k-cn®v ]nXmhvPohn-®n-cn-∏n-s√-¶nepw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-\mbn k¶-ev]n®v At±-l-Øns‚ASpØ _‘p-°sf Abm-fpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm°n apgp-h≥ kzØpwAh¿°v \evtI-≠n-h-cpw. AtXmsS ktlm-Zco ktlm-Z-c≥am-cp-sSbpwa‰pw Hmlcn \n¿Wbw Xosc \njv^-ehpw \nc¿Y-I-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.Ah¿°v e`n-°p∂ hnln-X-Øn¬ kmc-amb am‰w kw`-hn-°p-I-bpw-


sN-øp∂p.5. ]mXn-\n-[y-kn-≤m¥w ]uX≥am¿°v Ckvemw \n›-bn® hnln-

X-Ønepw hyXymkw hcp-Øp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, A°v B, C F∂o]pX≥am-cp-≠v. Ch-cn¬ B °v D F∂ aI\pw C°v E, F, G F∂o]pX≥am-cp-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AbpsS ac-W-Øn\p aptº a°-fmb Bbpw Cbpw]c-temIw ]m]n®p. ]n∂oSv A ac-W-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ckvem-anI\nb-a-]-Imcw D, E, F, G F∂o ]uX≥am¿s°√mw Xpeym-h-Im-i-am-Wp-≠m-hp-I. ]mXn-\n[y kn≤m-¥-am-Wv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ Bsb]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ D°v e`n-°p∂ hnlnXw amXta C sb ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ E, F, G F∂n-h¿s°√mw IqSn D≠m-hp-I-bp≈q. CXvCkvem-anI hyhÿ XI¿°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w XnI®pw A\o-Xn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

6. Ckvem-anse A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ AXn-]-[m-\-amb H∂v At\ym-\y-ap≈ kwc-£-W-_m-[y-X-bm-Wv. ]pX-\p-≈-t∏mƒ ]nXm-hns‚ kwc-£-tWm-Ø-c-hm-ZnØw ]uX-∂n-√. AtXkabw ]uXs‚ kwc-£W _m[yX ]nXm-a-l-∂m-Wv. ]nXm-a-l-\n-s√-¶n¬ ]nXr-hy-∂pw. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv ]uXs‚ A\-¥-c-kzØv ]nXm-a-l∂v e`n-°p-∂-Xv. ]mXn-\n-[y-kn-≤m¥w AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-tXmsS Cu ASn-ÿm\w ]q¿W-ambpw XI-cp-∂p. As√-¶n¬ ]nXm-hns\ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®v ]nXm-a-ls‚ kwc-£-W-®p-a-Xe ]uX-\n¬h∂p-tN-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]pX-\p-≈-t∏mƒ A\m-Y-]u-Xs\ C∆n[w_m[yX-I-tf-ev]n-°p-∂Xv XnI®pw A\o-Xn-b-sX.

]pcm-X\ Atd-_y≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ A\m-Y-cmb ]uX≥am¿°vamX-a-√, A\m-Y-cmb ]pX≥am¿°pw A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]mb-]q¿Øn-sb-Ønb ]pX≥am¿°v amXta ]n¥p-S¿®m-h-Imiwe`n-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. F∂m¬, Ckvemw K¿`-ÿ-inip Dƒs∏sS apgp-h≥a°ƒ°pw kzØ-h-Im-i-a-\p-h-Zn-®p. F¶nepw hfsc `Zhpw Ia-_-‘n-Xhpw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-hp-amb Ckvem-anI A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i- I-a-a-\p-k-cn®v t\csØ hnh-cn® \ymb-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ ]pX≥ Pohn-®n-cns° A\m-Y-]u-X\v A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. ]pcm-X\ImesØ tKmX-k-aq-l- hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ CXv Hcp ]iv\hpw krjvSn-®n-cp-∂n-√. IpSpw-_-Ønse apgp-h≥ AwK-ß-sfbpw At\ym\yw ASp∏n-®p--\n-dp-Øp∂ i‡-amb tKmX-Nn¥ kI-e-cp-sSbpw kwc-£Ww Dd∏vhcp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. As∂ms° A\m-Y-cpsS ]q¿W-amb kwc-£Ww Ah-cpsS c£n-Xmhv \√-t]mse \n¿h-ln-®p-t]m-∂n-cp-∂p. ]n-Xm-a-l≥, ]nXr-hy≥ XpS-ßnb ASpØ _‘p-°ƒ Ahsc H´pw Ah-K-Wn-®n-cp-∂n-√. P\-\-Øn\p aptº ]nXmhv \jvS-s∏´ ]hm-N-I-s\ ]nXm-a-l\pw]n∂oSv ]nXr-hy\pw kwc-£n® kw`hw kphn-Zn-X-am-Wv. ChnsS ]nXr-hy≥ ]hm-N-Is\ t]m‰n-h-f¿ØpI amX-a-√, kz¥w k¥m-\-ß-sf-°mƒ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw hfsc ]Xn-Iq-e-amb ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ At±-

215kvt\l-kw-hmZw

l-Øn-\p-th-≠n ]am-Wn-h¿K-Øns‚ hntcm[w G‰p-hm-ßp-I-bp-ap-≠mbn. i‡-amb IpSpw-_-t_m-[hpw tKmX-Nn-¥bpw AXn¬ A\-ev]-amb ]¶v hln-®n-´p-≠v. ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-∂n-cp∂Cu IpSpw-_-hy-hÿ Ckvem-ans‚ BK-a-\m\-¥-chpw XpS¿∂p-t]m-∂p. AXn-\m-emWv A\mY t]c-°pń-I-fpsS A\-¥-cm-h-Imi ]iv\wASpØ Imew-h-scbpw N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-hm-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. CkvemwDb¿Øn-∏n-Sn® D∂-X-amb [m¿an-I-XØz-ßfpw am\p-jn-I-aq-ey-ßfpwImcp-Wy-hn-Im-c-ßfpw AXn¬ A\-ev]-amb ]¶v hln-®n-´p-≠v.

F∂m¬, ]gb tKmX-t_m-[-Øn\v aß-te-ev°p-Ibpw A\m-Y-cpsS kwc-£-W-Im-cy-Øn¬ c£n-Xm-°ƒ Ai≤ ImWn-°p-IbpwsNøp∂ B[p-\nI kaq-l-Øn¬ A\m-Y-cmb ]uX≥am-cpsS A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-]-iv\w, ]c-tem-I-t_m[w krjvSn-°p∂ kvt\l-˛-Im-cp-Wy-˛-hm-’ey hnIm-c-ßƒ°pw [m¿anI Nn¥°pw amXw hn´p-sImSp-Øm¬ t]msc∂ hfsc i‡-amb A`n-]mbw Db¿∂p-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. apkvenw-tem-IØv C°mcyw Gsd hnhm-Z-ßƒ°v hgn-a-cp-∂n-Sp-Ibpw Nne \nb-a-\n¿am-W-ßƒ°v \nan-Ø-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.F∂m¬ Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿ-bpsS ssNX\ywtNm¿Øn-°-f-bp-∂-hbpw auen-I-amb ]mfn-®-Iƒ ]‰n-b-h-bp-am-Wv.1

F¶nepw ]iv\-Øn\v Ckvem-anIamb ]cn-lmcw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v ]e B[p-\nI ]WvUn-X≥amcpw AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. Ckvem-anI \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS N -°q- n-sem-Xp-ßn-\n-∂p-sIm≠v AsX-ßs\km[n-°p-sa-∂Xp amX-amWv ]iv\w. Zmb-[\w e`n-°mØ ASpØ_‘p-°ƒ°v HkyØv \n¿_-‘-am-sW∂ ]q¿h-]-WvUn-X≥am-cpsSA`n-]mbw ChnsS Gsd ]k-‡-am-Ip-∂p. Xzmhq-kv, JXm-Zx, lk≥_kz-cn, Pm_n¿, A_q-an-Pve-kv, akvdq-Jv, Cbm-kv, C_v\p Pco¿,kplvcn t]mep-≈-h¿ ]kvXpX ho£Ww AwKo-I-cn-®-h-cm-Wv. ]apJI¿a-imkvX ]WvUn-X-\mb C_v\p-l-P-cn¬ AkvJ-em-\nbpw CtX]£-°m-c-\m-Wv. C]Imcw Xs∂ A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-\n-b-a-ß-fpsS Ah-X-c-W-tØmsS HkyØv \n¿_-‘-am-°p∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw Zp¿_-e-s∏-´p-sh∂ ho£-W-tØmSv hntbm-Pn-°p-∂-h-cmWv C_v\p Da¿,-Xz¬lx, kpss_¿, A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p D_-øv, iA-v_n, AXzm-Av,Ckvlm-Jv, Xz_cn, ZmhqZv t]mep-≈-h¿.

GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw A\mY ]uX≥am¿°v HkyØv sNøm≥ ]nXm-a-l≥ [m¿an-I-ambn _m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv. \nbaw aqew AXn-\-hsc \n¿_-‘n-°m-sa∂v ]e B[p-\nI ]WvUn-X≥amcpw ]d-™n-´p-≠v. ]apJCuPn-]vjy≥ KŸ-Im-c-\mb apl-ΩZv A_q-k-lvd,2 apl-ΩZv kI-cn-

1. hni-Z-hn-h-c-ßƒ°v Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv ]kn-≤o-I-cn® hn.-F. I_o-dns‚ "ico-AØpw C¥y≥ apkvenw-Ifpw.' t]Pv 180-˛192

2. "Alv-Im-ap-Ø-co-JmXn h¬ ahm-co-kn,' t]Pv 323-˛3243. "A¬ao-dmkp h¬hkzn-øXp ^n¬Ckvemw', t]Pv 175, 176


ø¬ _¿Zo-kn3 t]mep-≈-h-sc√mw CØcw \nb-a-\n¿am-W-ßsf A\p-Iq-en-®n-´p-≠v.

apl-ΩZv A_q-klvd C°m-cy-Øn¬ hy‡-amb am¿K-\n¿tZiw\evIn-bn-´p-≠v. AX-\p-k-cn®v A\mY ]uX≥am-cpsS ]nXmhv Pohn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ e`n-°p-am-bn-cp∂ kztØm HkyØv A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´BsI kzØns‚ aq∂n-semt∂m GXmWv Ipd-sh-¶n¬ AXbpw]tc-Xs‚ kzØn¬\n-s∂-SpØv A\mY ]uX≥am¿°v \evIp-Ibpw_m°n bYm¿Y Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ hn`-Pn-°p-I-bp-amWv th≠-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, ]tc-X\v ]pX\pw c≠v ]pXn-amcpw amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw ac-Wa-S™ aIs‚ aI-fp-am-Wp≈-sX-¶n¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°vBdn-sem∂v hoX-hpw -_m°n a°ƒ°p-am-Wt√m e`n-°p-I. ac-W-a-S™ aI≥ Pohn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ tijn-®-Xns‚ Bdn¬ c≠v (2/

6)

AYhm BsI kzØns‚ ]Xn-s\-ń¬ \mev ( 4/18) BWv Abmƒ°p-

≠m-hp-I. HkyØv sNøm-hp∂ ]c-am-h[n kzØn-s\-°mƒ AXv Ipd-hm-I-bm¬ AXbpw [\w A\-¥-c-kz-Øn¬\n-s∂-SpØv A\mY]uXn°v \evIp-Ibpw tijn-°p-∂Xv Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ hn`-Pn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. AYhm ]tc-X\v ]pX\pw acn® ]pXs‚]pX-\p-am-Wp-≈-sX-¶n¬ acn® aI≥ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn k¶-ev]n®vIn´m-hp∂ hnln-X-amb BsI -kz-Øns‚ ]mXn ]uX\v \evIm-h-X-√. Imc-Ww, AXv HkyØv sNøm-hp∂ ]c-am-h-[n-bmb aq∂n-sem-∂n¬ IqSp-X-em-Wv. CØcw L´-ß-fn¬ aq∂n-sem∂v ]uX-\p-th≠n\o°n-sh-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. C∆n[w HkyØv sNøm≥ ]nXm-a-l≥amsc\nbaw hgn \n¿_-‘n-°m-sa∂ ho£Ww \ncm-I-cn-t°≠ Hcm-h-iy-hp-an-√.

\Ωp-tS-Xp-t]mse \nbaw hgn HkyØv \n¿_-‘-am-°mØ \mSp-I-fn¬ ]pXt\m ]pXntbm ]c-temIw ]m]n-°p-tºmƒXs∂ Ah-cnse A\mY t]c-°p-ń-Iƒ°v HkyØv sNøm≥ ]nXm-a-l≥am¿\njvI¿j ]pe¿tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Cßs\ A\mY ]uX-]iv\w ]cn-

217kvt\l-kw-hmZw

l-cn-°m≥ Ign-™m¬ Ckvemw hfsc ]m[m\yw \evInb A\m-Y-kw-c-£-W-Øn\v ]mX-sbm-cp-°m≥ AXv klm-b-I-am-bn-Øo-cpw. ]n¥p-S¿®m-h-Imiw e`n-°mØ ASp-Ø-_-‘p-°ƒ°v HkyØv sNø¬\n¿_-‘-am-sW∂v A`n-]m-b-an-√mØ ]WvUn-X≥amcpw AXv hfsc]_-e-amb ]pWy-I¿a-am-sW∂v ]d-™n- p-s≠∂ hkvXpX ]tXyIw]kvXm-hy-a-sX.

ap∏-Ømdv

_en-I¿ahpw Poh-Im-cp-Wyhpw

""Imcp-Wy-sØ-°p-dn®v Gsd- ]-d-bp∂ Ckvemw arK-ß-tfmSpw a‰pPohn-I-tfmSpw ImWn-°m-dp-≈Xv Iqc-X-bt√? Ahsb Adp-°p-∂Xvicn-bmtWm?''

`qan-bnse F√m-‰n-t\mSpw ImcpWyw ImWn-°-W-sa∂v CkvemwIev]n-°p-∂p. ]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: ""`qan-bn-ep-≈-h-tcmSv IcpW ImWn-°p-I. D]-cn-tem-I-Øp-≈-h≥ \nß-tfmSpw IcpW ImWn-°pw.''(Xz-_vdm-\n)

""Icp-W-bn-√m-Ø-h\v ImcpWyw In´p-I-bn-√.''(_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)""\n¿`m-Ky-hm-\-√msX Icp-W-bn-√m-Ø-h-\m-h-tX-bn-√.''(A-_q-Zm-hqZv)`qan-bnse Pohn-I-sf-sb√mw Ckvemw a\p-jy-sc-t∏m-ep≈ kap-Zm-

bambmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""`qan-bnse GsXmcpP¥phpw c≠p Nnd-Ip-I-fm¬ ]d-°p∂ GsXmcp ]£nbpw \nß-sf-t∏m-ep≈ Nne kap-Zm-b-ßƒ amX-am-Ip-∂p.''(Jp¿-B≥ 6: 38)

a\p-jy¿ [n°m-cn-I-fm-Ip-tºmgpw ag-h¿jn-°p-∂Xv CXc Pohn-Isf]cn-K-Wn-®m-sW∂v ]hm-N-I≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""P\w kImØv \evIm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ ag \ne-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. P¥p-°ƒ Imc-W-am-bmWv F∂n´pwag h¿jn-°p-∂-Xv.''(C-_v\p-am-P)

Poh-\p≈ GXns\ klm-bn-°p-∂Xpw tkhn-°p-∂Xpw ]pWy-I¿a-a-sX. ]hm-N-I≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""]®-°-c-fp≈ GsXmcp Pohn-bpsS Imcy-Ønepw \nßƒ°p ]pWy-ap-≠v.''(_p-Jm-cn)

\_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Acpƒ sNøp∂p: ""Hcmƒ Hcp hgn-bn-eqsS \S-∂p-t]m-Ith Zmln-®p-h-e-™p. Abmƒ AhnsS Hcp InW¿ I≠p. AXn-


en-dßn sh≈w IpSn-®p. ]pd-Øp-h-∂-t∏mƒ Hcp \mb Zmlm-[n-Iy-Øm¬ aÆv I∏p-∂Xp I≠p. "Cu \mb°v ITn-\-amb Zml-ap≠v;F\n-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂t]mse!' F∂v Bfl-KXw sNbvXv Abmƒ InW-‰n-en-d-ßn. jqhn¬ sh≈w \nd®v hmb-sIm≠v ISn-®p-]n-Sn®v Ic-°p-I-bdn \mbsb IpSn-∏n-®p. CXns‚ t]cn¬ A√mlp Abm-tfmSv \µn-Im-Wn-®p. Abmƒ°p s]mdpØp sImSp-Øp.'' CXp-tI´v Ahn-SsØA\p-N-c-∑m¿ tNmZn®p: arK-ß-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw Rßƒ°p ]Xn-^-e-apt≠m? ]hm-N-I≥ ]Xn-h-Nn®p: ]®-°-c-fp≈ F√m-‰ns‚ Imcy-Ønepw \nßƒ°p ]Xn-^-e-ap-≠v.''(_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)

as‰mcp kw`hw ]hm-N-I≥ Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p: ""Hcp \mbInW-‰n-\p-Np‰pw HmSn-\-S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ITn-\-amb Zmlw ImcWwAXp Nmhm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-I≠ Ckvdm-Cu-ey-cn¬s]´ Hcp hy`n-Nmcn Xs‚ jq Agn®v AXn¬ sh-≈-sa-SpØv AXns\ IpSn-∏n-°p-Ibpw kzbw IpSn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns‚ t]cn¬ A√mlpAh¿°v s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-Øp.''(_p-Jm-cn)

GXp Pohn-tbbpw tZmln-°p-∂Xv ]m]-am-Ip-∂p. ]hm-N-I-\Xvi‡-ambn hne-°p-∂p. \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n AcpƒsN-øp∂p: ""]q® ImcWwHcp kvXo in£n-°-s∏-´p. Ah-f-Xns\ hni-∂p-Nm-Ip-thmfw sIń-bn-´p. Aßs\ Ah¿ \c-Im-h-Im-in-bmbn.'' (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)

""Hcp Ipcp-hn-sbtbm AXn-s\-°mƒ sNdnb Pohn-sbtbm A\ym-b-ambn h[n-°p-∂Xv A√m-lp-thmSv DØcw ]d-tb≠ Imcy-am-Wv."\ymb-amb Bh-iy-sa-s¥∂v' tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: `£-W-ap-≠m-°epw _en-b-dp-°epw sIm∂-tijw shdpsX Dt]-£n-°m-Xn-cn-°-epw.''(A-lva-Zv)

hnt\m-Z-Øn\v Pohn-Isf sIm√p-∂Xpw ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Sn-∏n®v a’-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw ]hm-N-I≥ \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. (ap-kvenw, Xn¿ap-Zn)

C]-Imcw Xs∂ arK-ßsf Is√-dn-bp-∂Xpw tX\o-®, Ddp-ºv,Ipcphn t]mep-≈-hsb sIm√p-∂Xpw Ahn-S∂v hne-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.(-ap-kvenw, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv)

\_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Acpƒ sNøp∂p: ""Bsc-¶nepw Hcp ]£nsb A\m-h-iy-ambn h[n-®m¬ A¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬ AXv Ae-ap-d-bn-´p-sIm≠v A√m-lp-thmSv ]dbpw: Fs‚ \mYm! C∂-bmƒ Fs∂ A\m-h-iy-ambnsIm∂n-cn-°p-∂p. D]-tbm-K-Øn\p th≠n-b√ Abm-sfs∂ h[n-®-Xv.''(\-km-Cu, C_v\p-ln-∫m≥)

XWp-∏-I-‰m≥ Xobn´ A\p-N-c-∑m-tcmSv, Ddpºv Icn-bm≥ Imc-W-am-Iptam F∂ Bi-¶-bm¬ AXv sISp-Øm≥ Iev]n-°p-Ibpw H -IsØsIń-bn´v AXn\v Blmcw \¬ImsX ]ń-Wn-°n-´-hs\ i‡-ambnimkn-°p-Ibpw arK-ß-fpsS apJØv apZ-sh-°p-∂Xpw ]pdØv NqSp-sh-°p-∂Xpw hne-°p-Ibpw P¥p-°-fpsS ]pdw-`mKw "Ccn-∏nS'am°-cp-sX∂v B⁄m-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ]hm-N-I≥ hr£-ß-tfm-Sp-t]mepwIcpW ImWn-°-W-sa∂v D]-tZ-in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ac-Øn-\p-t\sc Is√-

219kvt\l-kw-hmZw

dn™ Ipń-tbmSv Ahn-S∂v ]d™p: ""C\n-ta¬ \o Hcp ac-tØbpwIs√-dn-b-cp-Xv. I√p-sIm-≠m¬ AXn\p thZ-\n-°pw.''

C∆n[w Cu ]]-©-Ønse F√m-‰n-t\mSpw \nd™ Imcp-Wy-tØmsS h¿Øn-°-W-sa∂mWv Ckvemw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

Blm-c-an-√msX ChnsS H∂n\pw Pohn-°m-\m-hn-√. kky-ßfpw]mWn-Ifpw Cg-Po-hn-Ifpw Pe-Po-hn-Ifpw I∂p-Im-en-Ifpw ]d-h-I-fp-sa√mw Pohn-°p-∂Xv `£Ww D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv. AXv km[y-am-h-W-sa-¶n¬ Hmtcm-∂n\pw a‰p-≈-hsb D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-Xs∂ thWw.kky-ßƒ \ne-\n¬]n-\mbn a‰p kky-ßsf D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.A]q¿hw NneXv Pohn-Isfbpw Blm-c-am-bp-]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. ]mWn-Iƒ kky-ß-sfbpw a‰p Pohn-I-sfbpw £n-°p-∂p. hmbp-hnepw sh≈-Ønepw Ic-bnepw IS-en-ep-ap≈ Pohn-I-sf√mw \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv kky-ß-sfbpw a‰p Pohn-I-sfbpw Blm-c-am-bp-]-tbm-Kn-®-m-Wv. Ch-bn¬Hmtcm Pohn°pw AXns‚ ico-c-L-S-\-°-\p-kr-X-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. apb¬ kky-`p-°m-b-Xn-\m¬ AXn-\-\p-kr-X-amb ]√pw hb-dp-amWv AXn-\p-≈-Xv. knwlw amwk-`p-°m-b-Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ hmb-bp-sSbpw hb-dn-s‚bpw LS\ AXn\p tNcpwhn[-am-Wv.

a\p-jy≥ kkym-lm-chpw amwkm-lm-chpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ km[n-°pw-hn-[-amWv krjvSn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv. Xo¿Øpw kky-`p-°p-I-fmbBSv, ]ip, sNΩ-cn-bm-Sv XpS-ßnbhbpsS ]√p-Iƒ kkym-lmcw amXwIgn-°m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w ]c-∂Xpw \nc-∏m-b-Xp-am-W-t√m. ]q¿W-ambpwamwk-`p-°mb ISph t]mep-≈-h-bp-tSXv Iq¿ØXpw aq¿®-bp-≈-Xp-a-tX. F∂m¬, a\p-jy\p c≠n\pw ]‰p∂ ]√p-I-fp-≠v. ]c-∂Xpw \nc-∏m-b-Xp-amb ]√p-I-tfm-sSm∏w aq¿®-bp-≈hbpw Iq¿Ø-h-bp-ap-≠v. AY-hm, a\p-jy≥ krjvSn-°-s∏-´-Xp-Xs∂ ani-`p-°m-bm-Wv.

Zl-t\-µn-b-ß-fpsS ÿnXnbpw CXp-X-s∂. kky-`p-°p-Iƒ°vkkym-lmcw amXw Zln-∏n-°m-hp∂Xpw amwk-`p-°p-Iƒ°v AXn-\-\p-kr-X-am-b-Xp-amWv Zl-t\-µn-b-ß-sf-¶n¬ a\p-jy-t‚Xv c≠n-s\bpw Zln-∏n-°m-hp∂ hn[-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv. ]√p-I-fp-sSbpw Zl-\-hy-h-ÿ-bp-sSbpwAh-ÿ-Xs∂ a\p-jy≥ ani-`p-°m-sW∂v Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.

Cu `qanbpw AXn-ep-≈-h-bp-sams° a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn-\p-th≠nkrjvSn-°-s∏-´-h-bmWv. AY-hm, a\p-jy-\mWv `qan-bpsS tIµ-_n-µp.A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""BIm-i- q-an-I-fn-ep-≈-sXm-s°bpw \nßƒ°v A[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂Xv \nßƒ ImWp-∂nt√? ]Xy-£hpw ]tcm-£-hp-amb A\p-K-l-ßƒ Ah≥ \nßƒ°v \nd-th-‰n-Ø-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.''(Jp¿-B≥ 31: 20)

""Imen-I-fn¬\n∂v `mcw Npa-°p-∂-hbpw AdpØp `£n-°m-\p-≈-hbpw Ah≥ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \nßƒ°v A√mlp \evIn-b-Xn¬\n∂v `£n-®p-sIm-≈p-I. ]nim-Nns‚ Im¬]m-Sp-Isf ]n¥p-S-c-cp-Xv. Ah≥ \nß-fpsS ]Xy-£-i-Xp-hm-Ip-∂p.''(Jp¿-B≥ 6: 142)


""Dd-∏mbpw \nßƒ°v I∂p-Im-en-I-fn¬ KpW-]m-T-ap-≠v. Ah-bpsSDZ-c-Øn¬\n-∂p-≈-Xn¬\n∂v \nßƒ°p \mw IpSn-°m≥ Xcp-∂p.\nßƒ°v Ah-bn¬ [mcmfw ]tbm-P-\-ß-fp-≠v. Ah-bn¬\n∂v\nßƒ `£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.''(Jp¿-B≥ 23: 21)

""\nßƒ°p ]pXp-amwkw FSpØp `£n-°m\pw \nßƒ°-Wn-bm-\p≈ B`-cWw ]pd-sØ-Sp-°m\pw ]mI-Øn¬ IS-ens\ \nßƒ°vA[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂Xpw A√m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p.''(Jp¿-B≥ 16: 14)

`qan-bn-ep-≈-sXm-s°bpw a\p-jy-\p-th≠n kwhn-[m-\n-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂ XXzsØ \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂-hcpw ]tbm-K-Øn¬ AXn-\-\p-kr-X-amb kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-°m-dp-≈-Xv. a\p-jy≥ Xß-fpsS Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°m≥ `qansb Dgp-Xp-a-dn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ InW-dp-IfpwIpf-ßfpw Ipgn-°p-∂p. tdmUp-Ifpw ]me-ßfpw \n¿an-°p-∂p. hoSp-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂p. CsXms° sNøp-tºmƒ Ahn-sS-bp≈ ]mWn-Iƒ°pw CXc Pohn-Iƒ°pw F¥p kw`-hn-°p-∂p-sh∂v ]cn-K-Wn-°m-dn-√. F√m Pohn-Iƒ°pw H∂p-t]mse Ah-Im-i-s∏´ qan-bn-emWv Xm≥tdmUpw InW-dp-sams° D≠m-°p-∂-sX-t∂m¿°m-dn-√. C]-Imcw Xs∂kky-ß-sfbpw e-hr-£-ß-sfbpw hnf-I-sf-bp-sa√mw a\p-jy≥ Xs‚Xm¬]-cy-Øn-\m-bp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ qanbpw AXn-ep-≈-hbpwa\pjy-\p-th≠n k÷-am-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂ kXysØ ]tbm-K-X-e-Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°mØ Bcp-an-√.

Hcp Pohn-sbbpw sIm√p-I-bn√ F∂-XmWv Alnw-k-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¶nepw AXn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn PohnXw \bn-°p∂ BcpwCu `qan-bn-en-√. amwkm-lmcw Ign-°m-Ø-h¿ kkym-lmcw `£n-°p-∂-h-cm-W-t√m. kky-ßƒ°v Poh\pw hnIm-c-hp-ap-s≠∂Xv kpk-Ω-X-k-Xy-a-sX. AXn-\m¬ amwk- p-°p-I-sf-t∏m-se, kky- p-°p-Ifpw Poh-lm-\n-hcpØp∂-hcpw kky-ßsf thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Wv.

GXp a\p-jy\pw ico-c-Øn¬ apdn-hp-]-‰n-bm¬ AXnse hnjm-Wp-°sf acp-∂p-]-tbm-Kn®p sIm√p-∂p. DZ-c-Ønse Iran-Isf \in-∏n-°p-∂p. sImXp-Ip-Iƒ ap´-bn-´p-hn-cn-bp∂ sIń-\n¬°p∂ aen-\-P-e-Øn¬hnjw Xfn®v Ahsb sIm√p-∂p. aq´-sbbpw sImXp-In-s\bpw \in-∏n-°p-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, GsX-¶nepw Pohnsb l\n-°msX Bcpw Fhn-sS-bp-an√; D≠m-hpI km[y-hp-a-√.

a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ kpK-a-amb \ne-\n¬]n\mbn hnjm-Wp-°sfsIm√m-sa-¶n¬ AtX Imcy-Øn¬ G‰w \√ t]mj-Im-lm-c-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ amwkw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. t]mó≥, Ccp-ºv, hn‰m-an≥ _n.1, \nbm-kn≥ XpS-ßn-bh amwkm-lm-c-Øn¬ [mcm-f-ambn Ds≠-∂XvA\n-tj-[y-am-Wv. kky-ß-sfbpw ]mWn-I-sfbpw AWp-°-sfbpw a‰pwXß-fpsS \ne-\n¬]n-∂mbn sIm√m-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-®-h¿ P\-tIm-Sn-Iƒ°v Blm-c-ambn amdp∂ amwkw Dt]-£n-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂XvXo¿Øpw \nc¿Y-I-a-sX.

AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, Poh-Pm-e-ß-tfmSv ]c-am-h[n ImcpWyw ImWn-

221kvt\l-kw-hmZw

°m≥ I¬]n-°p∂ Ckvemw Ah-bpsS amwkw `£n-°p-∂Xv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-°n. temI-Ønse tImSn-°-W-°n\v P\-ßƒ PohnXw \bn-°p-∂Xv amwkm-lmcw D]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wv. AXv hne-°p-∂Xv kmaq-ly-tZm-lhpw P\-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-Wv.

amwkw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Im≥ Pohn-Isf ssZh-\m-a-ap-®-cn®v Adp-°-W-sa∂v Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-K-lhpwImcp-Wyhpw A\p-k-cn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww as‰√m I¿a-ß-fp-sa-∂-t]mse Ahs‚ krjvSn-bmb Pohnsb A\n-hm-cy-amb Bh-iy-Øn\vD]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-sX∂v CXp ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w Dcp-hn\v]c-am-h[n kuIcyw \¬Inbpw ]bmkw eLq-I-cn-®p-am-bn-cn-°WwAd-sh∂v IWn-i-ambn Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]hm-N-I≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""A√mlp F√m Imcy-ß-fnepw \∑ \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ \nßƒ sIm√p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \√ \ne-bn-eXv \n¿h-ln-°p-I. Adp-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXpw \√-\n-e-bn-em-°p-I. IØn-bpsS hmbvØe aq¿®-Iqń Dcp-hn\v kuIcyw sNøp-I.''(ap-kvenw)

Hcn-°¬ Hcmƒ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbmSp ]d™p: ""Rm≥ BSns\Adp-°p-tºmƒ Zb ImWn-°m-dp-≠v.'' CXp-tI v ]hm-N-I≥ ]Xn-h-Nn®p:""\o AXn-t\mSp IcpW ImWn-®m¬ A√mlp \nt∂mSpw IcpW ImWn-°pw.''(lm-Inw)

Hcmƒ Adp-°m-\p≈ BSns\ AXns‚ Imep ]nSn-®p-h-en®psIm≠p-t]m-hp-∂Xp ImWm-\n-S-bmb Da-dp¬ mdqJv ]d™p: ""\n\°p\miw! AXns\ \√-\n-e-bn¬ ac-W-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-I.''

Ckvem-an-s\-t∏mse sslµh [¿a-Ønepw amwkm-lmcw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. AXv amwk-`-£Ww hne-°p-∂p-sh∂ [mcW A_-≤-am-Wv. ]e al¿jn-amcpw ]pWy-hm-f-∑mcpw amwkm-lmcw Ign-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂psh∂v ]pcm-W-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. iocm-a≥ h\-hm-k-Øn\vAb-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, F\n°p cpNn-I-c-amb amwk-Ø-fnI Dt]-£n-t°-≠n-h-cp-sa∂v amXm-hn-t\mSv ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xmbn Atbm-[ym-Im-fi-Ønse20, 26, 94 t«mI-ß-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-≠v. CXv iocm-a\v amwk-`-£-W-tØmSv ]nb-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

_rl-Zm-cWy-tIm-]-\n-jØv ]d-bp∂p: ""F\n°p ]fin-X\pw ]kn-≤\pw k`-I-fn¬ t]mIp-∂-h\pw a‰p-≈-h¿ tIƒ°m≥ BK-ln-°p∂hm°p-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-h-\p-amb ]pX-\p-≠m-h-Ww, Ah≥ F√m thZ-ßfpw]Tn-°-Ww, Bdv h¿jw Pohn-°Ww F∂v BK-ln-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬amwk-tØm-Sp-IqSnb £Ww ]mIw sNbvXv s\tøm-Sp-Iq-Sn c≠p-t]cpwIgn-°-Ww. Aß-s\-bp≈ ]pXs\ P\n-∏n-°m≥ Ah¿ i‡-cm-hpw.amwkw D£-Øn-s‚tbm Ej-`-Øn-s‚tbm BImw.''(6-˛4-˛18)

_en-bpsS Bflmhv

""F∂mepw l÷nepw s]cp-∂m-fnepw \S-Øp∂ _en-I¿aw icn-bmtWm? F¥n-\m-WnX IqSp-X¬ Pohn-Isf sIm√p-∂Xv?''


Ncn-X-Øns‚ Ccp-f-S™ CS-\m-gn-I-I-fn¬ CS-°nsS \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ \c-_-en-sb∂ AXym-Nm-c-Øn\v Adp-Xn-h-cp-Ønb al¬kw-`-h-Øns‚ A\p-kva-c-W-amWv Ckvem-anse _en. H∏w Ak-Zr-i-ambBfl-Xym-K-Øns‚ Hm¿a-]p-Xp-°-en-eq-sS-bp≈ ka¿∏-W-]-Xn-⁄-bpw.

]mb-ta-sd-bm-bn´pw C_vdmlow ]hm-N-I∂p k¥m-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn-√. AXoh ZpxJn-X-\mb At±lw ssZh-tØmSp k¥m-\-e-_v[n-°mbna\w-s\m¥p tIWp. \nc-¥c ]m¿Y-\-s°m-Sp-hn¬ ]]-©-\m-Y≥ At±-l-Øn\v Hcp aIs\ ]Zm\w sNbvXp. Ckvam-Cu¬ F∂p hnfn-°-s∏´ B CjvS-]p-X≥ IqsS \S-°m-dm-b-t∏mƒ Ahs\ _en \¬I-W-sa∂ ssZh-im-k-\-bp-≠m-bn. ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw ssZhI¬]\]men®v _en-s°m-cp-ßn. At∏mƒ, aIs\ Adp-t°-≠-Xn-s√∂pw ]IcwarKsØ _en-\¬In-bm¬ aXn-sb∂pw ssZh-im-k-\-bp-≠m-bn.

"F¥p-In´p'sa∂ tNmZy-ap-W¿Øm-\m-Wt√m ùXn-I-Po-hn-X-ho-£Ww a\p-jys\ Ft∏mgpw t]cn-∏n-°p-I. F∂m¬, "F¥p \¬Im-\mhpw' F∂ Nn¥bpw tNmZy-hp-amWv aXw Ft∏mgpw hnizm-kn-I-fn-ep-W¿Øp-I. AXn\p "]bm-k-s∏-´-sX-¥pw' F∂v Pohn-X-Øn-eqsSadp-]Sn \¬Im-\p≈ ]tNm-Z-\-amWv _en krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv.

X\n-t°‰w ]nb-s∏- -Xpƒs∏sS F¥pw ssZh-Øn\p ka¿∏n-°m≥k∂-≤-\mb C_vdmlow ]hm-N-Is‚ XymK-]q¿W-amb Cu ]hr-Øn-bpsS ]Xo-Im-fl-I-amb Bh¿Ø-\-amWv l÷n-sebpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n® s]cp-∂m-fn-sebpw _en. X\n-t°‰w CjvS-s∏-´-Xpƒs∏sSBh-iy-am-b-sXms° \¬Im≥ Hcp-°-am-sW-∂-Xns‚ ]Xn-⁄bpw]Jym-]-\-hp-am-W-Xv. ]Wtam ]Z-hntbm ]Xm-]tam ]i-kvXntbms]tÆm s]mt∂m Ipetam IpSpw-_tam A¥t m A[n-Im-ctam H∂pwXs∂ ssZhlnX-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb Pohn-X-Øn\p Imc-W-am-hn-s√∂ ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ ]Im-i\w IqSn AXn-ep-≠v.

k¿h-]-[m-\-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂-h-bpsS ka¿∏-W-am-Wt√m Gh¿°pwGsd ]bm-k-I-cw. Xm\-Xn-s\m-cp-°-am-sW∂v hnizmkn _en-bn-eqsShnfw-_cw sNøp-∂p. ]Xy-£-Øn¬ AsXmcp Poh≥ l\n-°-em-Wv.F∂m¬, AXns‚ B¥-cm¿Yw AXn-a-l-Ø-c-a-sX. ]]-©-\m-Ys‚]oXn-°mbn Gsd ]nbw-I-c-am-b-sXms° sImSp-°m\pw ]bm-k-I-c-am-bXv sNøm\pw Xøm-dm-sW∂ ]Xn-⁄bpw AXpƒs°m-≈p-∂p.AXn-\m-emWv Jp¿-B≥ AXn-s\ -kw-_-‘n®v Cßs\ ]d-™Xv: ""Ah-bpsS amwktam c‡tam ssZhsØ ]m]n-°p-∂n-√. adn®v, Ahs\]m]n-°p-∂Xv \nß-fpsS A¿∏-W-t_m-[-am-Ip-∂p.''(22: 37)

Ckvem-anse ssZhm-cm-[-\-I-tf-sdbpw kaq-l-Øn\p s]mXp-hnepwAh-cnse AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ai-c-W¿°pw hnti-jn®pw KpWw sNøp-∂-h-bmWv. _enbpw A∆n[w Xs∂. A√mlp B⁄m-]n-°p∂p:""AXn¬\n∂v \nßƒ kzbw `£n-°p-I. ]bm-k-s∏-Sp∂ Bh-iy-°msc Bl-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.''(Jp¿-B≥ 22: 28)

kt¥m-j-Øns‚ kµ¿`-ß-fn-se√mw ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ \µn-]-I-S-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn Ahs‚ krjvSn-I-fmb a\p-jy¿°v; ]tXy-In®pw

223kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Ah-cnse ]mh-ßƒ°v A∂-Zm\w \S-Øp-∂Xv \√-Xm-sW∂v Ckvemw\n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. Blm-c-]-Zm¿Y-ß-fn¬ G‰w t]mj-Imw-i-ap-≈XpwDØ-ahpw amwk-`-£-W-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXp \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ DZm-c-a-Xn-I-fmb hnizm-kn-Iƒ \njvI¿jX ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. temI-Øns‚ GXp `mK-sØ, GXp P\-hn-`m-K-Øn-t‚-Xm-bmepw amwk-hn-`-h-ß-fn-√mØ k¬°m-c-Ø-fn-I-Iƒ hfsc hfsc hnc-f-a-sX.

ap∏-tØgv

Ckvemapw òI-c-hm-Zhpw

""temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ apkvenw-Iƒ oI-c-hm-Zn-Ifpw Xoh-hm-Zn-I-fp-am-Im≥ImcWw Ckvem-at√?''

Aev]w hni-Zo-I-c-W-a¿ln-°p∂ tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv. 1492 a\p-jy-N-cn-X-Ønse G‰hpw henb Zpc-¥-Øns‚ h¿j-am-bn-cp-∂p. \o≠ \nc-h[n \q‰m-≠p-Imew imkvX-˛-km-t¶-XnI cwK-ß-fnepw Iem,-km-ln-Xy, kmwkvImcn-I, \mK-cn-I, ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-I-fnepw temI-Øn\vt\XrXzw \¬In-t∏m∂ apkvenw kvs]bn-\nse Ah-km-\sØ cWm-[n-Imcn A_q A_vZp-√-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Km\sU \Kcw amXta At±-l-Øns‚ A[o-\-X-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. 1492 P\p-hcn Ah-km-\-tØm-sS-bmWv Abmsf ]pdw-X≈n kv]m\n-jp-Im¿ AhnsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-d-∏n-®-Xv. kvs]bn-\ns‚ ]X\w ]q¿Øn-bmb AtX h¿j-amWv kmam-Py-Xzm-[n-\n-thiw Bcw-`n-®-sX∂ hkvXpX Gsd it≤-b-a-sX. 1492˛-em-Wt√m sImfw-_kv Xs‚ "Is≠-Ø¬' bmX°v XpS°w Ipdn-®Xv.

AtX-h¿jw HIvtSm-_¿ 12-˛\v Abmƒ Kzm\m-lm\n Zzo]n-se-Øn.Bbp-[-ß-fp-ambn I∏-en-d-ßnb sImfw-_kpw Iq´p-Imcpw, AXp-ap-X¬B \mSv kv]m\njv cmPm-hns‚-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]Jym-]n-®p. Xt±-io-bsc Ah¿°dn-bmØ kv]m\njv `mj-bn-ep≈ DØ-chv hmbn-®p-tIƒ∏n-®p. AXv A\p-k-cn-®n-s√-¶n¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn-°p-I-sb∂vCßs\ hni-Zo-I-cn®p: ""Rm≥ Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp-∂p, ssZh-k-lm-b-Øm¬Rßƒ \nß-fpsS cmPyØv _e-ambn ]th-in-°pw. \nß-tfmSv Bhpw-hn[w bp≤w sNøpw. \nßsf InkvXy≥ ]≈n°pw Xºm-°-∑m¿°pwIogvs]-Sp-Øpw. \nß-sfbpw mcy-am-scbpw Ipń-I-sf-bp-sa√mw ]nSn-IqSn


ASn-a-I-fm-°pw. \nß-fpsS kmam-\-ßƒ ]nSn-®-S-°pw. Rß-fm-em-hp∂F√m tZmlhpw \mihpw \nßƒ°v hcpØpw''(David E Stannard, Ameri-can Holocaust, The conquest of the New World, OUP 1993, P 66) ( D≤-cWw:]cm-∂-t`m-Pn-Iƒ: ]m›mXyh¬°-c-W-Øns‚ A™qdp h¿jw, sF.-]n.-F-®v, ]pdw 17)

CtXm-sS-bmWv bqtdm-∏ns‚ A[n-\n-thiw Bcw-`n-®-Xv. apkvenwkvs]bn≥ XI¿∂v IrXyw Bdp-h¿jw Ign™v 1498-˛-em-Wt√mhmkvtIm-U-Kma tImgn-t°m´v I∏-en-d-ßn-b-Xv.

1492-˛¬ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Gg-c-tIm-Sn°pw ]Øp-tIm-Sn-°p-an-S-bn¬BZn-hm-kn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. bqtdm-]y≥ A[n-\n-th-i-sØ-Øp-S¿∂vH∂c \q‰m-≠p-sIm≠v Ah-cn¬ 90 iX-am-\hpw kz¥w aÆn¬\n∂vXpS-®p-\o-°-s∏-´p. Iqc-amb Iq´-s°m-e-I-fn-eqsS Xt±-io-bsc \in-∏n-®-tijw 1776˛se "kzmX-¥y-]-Jym-]-\-tØmsS' bqtdm-]y¿ Ata-cn°A[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xo¿Øpw A\o-Xn-bnepw AXn-I-a-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb Cu ]Jym-]-\-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv C∂sØ Ata-cn° ÿm]n-X-am-b-Xv.

1527-˛¬ t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ _lvssd≥ ]nSn®-S-°n. sXm´p-Ss\Ham\pw Iogvs∏Sp-Øn. F¶nepw Dkvam-\n-Iƒ B \mSp-Iƒ Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-®p. ]n∂oSv 1798-˛1801 ImeØv s\t∏m-fn-bs‚ ^©v tk\ CuPn-]vXnse Ae-Ivkm-≠n-b, A°m \K-cßƒ A[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn.

]n∂n´ c≠v \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ Ad_v ˛ap-kvenw \mSp-Iƒ CXc Gjy-\m-^n-°≥ cmPy-ß-sf-t∏mseØs∂ ]m›m-Xym-[n-\n-th-i-Øn-t‚-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ^m≥kv 1830-˛¬ AƒPo-cn-bbpw 1859-˛¬ Pn_q-ńbpw 1881-˛¬Xp\o-jybpw 1919-˛¬ audn-Øm-\n-bbpw A[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn. C‰en 1859˛¬tkmam-en-bbpw 1911-˛¬ en_n-bbpw 1880-˛¬ sFcn-Xn-bbpw Iogvs∏-Sp-Øn. _n´≥ 1800˛¬ akvIØpw 1820- ¬ Hams‚ _m°n mKhpw 1839˛¬GX\pw 1863-˛¬ _lvssd\pw 1878-˛¬ ssk]kpw 1882-˛¬ CuPn]vXpw1898-˛¬ kpUm\pw 1899-˛¬ IpsshXpw ]nSn-®-S-°n. 1916-˛¬ _n´\pw^m≥kpw tN¿∂p-≠m-°nb sskIvkv-˛-]n-t°m´v clky Icm-d-\p-k-cn®v Dkvam-\nbm Jeo-^-bpsS Iogn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ad_v ]hn-iy-Iƒ_n´\pw ^m≥kpw ]¶n-s´-Sp-Øp. Aßs\ CdmJpw tPm¿Zm\pw e-kvXo\pw JØdpw _n -s‚bpw kndn-bbpw e_-\m\pw ^m≥kn-s‚bpw]nSn-bn-e-a¿∂p. samtdmt°m kvs]bn-\n-s‚bpw Ct¥m-t\jy U®p-Im-cp-sSbpw tImf-\n-I-fm-bn. C¥ybpw A vKm-\n-ÿm-\p-sa√mw kmam-Py-i-‡n-I-fpsS ]nSn-bn-e-a¿∂-t]m-se-Ø-s∂.

Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]mZw ]n∂n- -tXmsS ]Sn-™m-dns‚ tImf-\n-I-fn-se√mw kzmX-¥y-k-acw i‡n-s∏-´p. XZv^-e-ambn 1932-˛¬CdmJpw '46- ¬ kndn-bbpw e_-\m\pw '51- ¬ en_n-bbpw Ham\pw '52˛¬CuPn]vXpw '56-˛¬ samtdm-t°mbpw kp-Um\pw Xp\o-jybpw '58˛¬tPm¿Zm\pw '59-˛¬ audn-Øm-\n-bbpw '60˛¬ tkmam-en-bbpw '61˛¬IpsshØpw '62˛¬ AƒPo-cn-bbpw '68-˛¬ ba\pw '71-˛¬ JØdpw

225kvt\l-kw-hmZw

_lvssd\pw Ad_v Fan-td‰vkpw '77- ¬ Pn_q- nbpw kzmX¥yw t\Sn.F∂m¬, kmam-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ Cu \mSp-I-tfmSv hnS]d-™-Xv Ahn-

S-ß-fn-e-S°w Ah-cpsS Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°p∂ GIm-[n-]-Xn-Ifpw tkz—m-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-amb cmPm-°-∑m-scbpw NI-h¿Øn-am-scbpwkp¬Øm-∑m-scbpw ]Xn-jvTn® tij-am-bn-cp-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w Cu\mSp-Iƒ°n-S-bn-se√mw A]-cn-lm-cy-ß-fmb AXn¿Øn-Ø¿°-ßfpwD≠m-°n-sh-®p. ba\pw kuZn Atd-_ybpw XΩnepw Cdm\pw CdmJpwXΩnepw CdmJpw IpsshØpw XΩnepw Cdm\pw bp.-F.-Cbpw XΩnepwC\nbpw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-SmØ X¿°-ßƒ \ne\n¬°m-\p≈ ImcWwkmam-Py-Xz-i-‡n-Iƒ sNbvXp-sh® IpX-¥-ß-f-sX. Ad-_v-˛-apkvenw\mSp-Iƒ H∂n-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu AXn¿Øn X¿°-ßƒ ÿnc-amb XS wkrjvSn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w ]e-t∏mgpw InS-a¬k-c-Øn\v Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ata-cn-°°pw CXc apX-em-fn-Ø -\m-Sp-Iƒ°pwAhn-S-ß-fnse s]tSmfpw hmX-Ihpw CXc Akw-kvIrX ]Zm¿Y-ßfpw Xń-sb-Sp-°m\pw B \mSp-Isf Xß-fpsS Bbp-[-°-tºm-fam°nam‰m\pw CXv Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p-∂p.

kmam-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ Xs∂ krjvSn® X¿°-Øns‚ t]cn-em-Wt√mCdmJpw IpsshØpw XΩn-te-‰p-ap-ń-b-Xv. CXv Ata-cn-°°v taJ-e-bn¬ CS-s]-Sm≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°n. AXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p-ht√m Ah-cpsS e£yw. Ad-_v-˛-apkvenw \mSp-Iƒ kzmX¥yw t\Sn-b-ti-jhpwAhn-S-ß-fn-se√mw ]Sn-™m-dns‚ AZr-iy-km-am-Py-Xzhpw Nqj-Whpw\nb-¥-Whpw Ct∂mfw \ne-\n -∂p -t]m -∂n -´p -≠v. B cmPy -ßƒs°m∂pw Xs∂ kz¥w \mSp-I-fnse hn`-h-ßƒ CjvSm-\p-krXwhn\n-tbm-Kn-°mt\m \nb-¥n-°mt\m km[n-®n-ń-√. Ahn-S-ß-fnse `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm \n¿_-‘n-X-amtbm A√m-sXtbm ]Sn-™m-dns‚ Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-®p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Cdm-Jn¬ CS-s]-Sm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®-tXmsS Ata-cn° Ad_v\mSp-I-fpsS taep≈ ]nSn-ap-dp-°p-Ibpw Xß-fpsS ]´m-fsØ Xo‰n-t∏m-‰p∂ Npa-X-ebpw kmº-ØnI ]Xn-k‘n ]cn-l-cn-°p∂ _m[y-XbpwB \mSp-I-fpsS ta¬ sh®p-sI-´p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C∂v F√m ][m\Ad_v \mSp-I-fnepw Ata-cn-°°v Bbp-[-im-e-Ifpw ssk\n-I-Øm-hf-ß-fp-ap-≠v. AXv Ah-km-\n-∏n-°-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Cu km-am-PyXz NqjWØn\v Adp-Xn-h-cp-Ø-W-sa∂v hmZn-°p-∂Xpw sImSnb]mX-I-am-bmWv ]m›m-Xy-km-amPy i‡n-Iƒ IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.

Ign™ \q‰m-≠nse Ah-km-\-Z-iIw hsc temIØv im‡n-I-amb k¥p-en-XXzw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ tkmjy-enÃv tNcn Zp¿_-e-ambn Ncn-X-Øns‚ mK-am-b-tXmsS ioX-k-acw Ah-km-\n-®p. temIwAta-cn-°-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ GI-[p-h-ambn amdn. Kƒ^v bp≤-Øn¬Ata-cn-°≥ tNcn hnP-bn-®-tXmsS B cmPyw temI-t]m-eokv Na-bm≥XpS-ßn. Xß-fpsS Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°v FXn-cp \n¬°p-∂-h-sc-sb√mwXoh-hm-Zn-Ifpw òI-c-hm-Zn-I-fp-ambn apZ-Ip-Øp-Ibpw Ah-sc-sbms°


XI¿°m≥ Cd-ßn-∏p-d-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.]m›mXy tNcn Iayq-WnÃv \mSp-I-fpsS XI¿®-tbmsS Xß-fpsS

apJy-i-Xp-hmbn ]Xn-jvTn-®Xv Ckvem-an-s\-bm-Wv. Ata-cn-°bpwAXns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ \mt‰mbpw C°mcyw kwi-b-te-i-at\yhy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ Ckvem-anI \thm-∞m\ Ne-\-ß-sfbpw apt∂-‰-ß-sfbpw ASn-®-a¿Øm\pw \in-∏n-°m\pw Ata-cn-°bpw Iq´m-fn-Ifpw Bhp-∂-sXms° sNøp-∂p. AXn-\mbn BSns\ ]ń-bm°pw hn[-ap≈ ]Nm-c-th-e-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ckvem-an\pw apkvenw-Iƒ°p-sa-Xnsc aX-au-en-I-hm-Zw, aX-`m-¥v,òI-c-X, Xoh-hmZw XpS-ßnb ]Z-ßƒ \nc-¥cw \n¿tem`w ]tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. 1993˛¬ Ata-cn-°≥ tIm¨K v AwKo-I-cn®p ]pd-Øn-d-°nb tIhew 93 ]pd-ß-fp≈ "]pXnb temI Ckvem-an-Ãp-Iƒ'F∂ HutZym-KnI tcJ-bn¬ 288 ]mhiyw òI-c-X, òI-c¿ F∂o ]Z-ßƒ ]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. kb-WnÃv ]ÿm-\-tØmSv Iqdp-]p-e¿Øp∂^m≥t^m-sd-bvÃv, tbmk^v tkmZm≥kvIn F∂n-h-cmWv ]kvXpXtcJ Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xv.

bYm¿YØn¬ BcmWv temIØv Iq -s°m-e-Ifpw bp≤-ßfpw oI-c-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-Øp-∂Xv? H∂mw temI-bp-≤-Øn¬ 80 e£hpwc≠mw temI-bp-≤-Øn¬ A©p-tIm-Snbpw hnb-‰v\m-an¬ ap∏Xp e£hpwsIm√-s∏-´p. ]\m-a-bnepw tKmń-a-e-bnepw \n°-cm-Kz-bnepw Iºq-®n-b-bnepw sImdn-b-bnepw Z£n-Wm-^n-°-bn-ep-sa√mw At\-I-e-£-ßƒAdp-sIme sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. CXn-sem∂pw Ckvem-ant∂m apkvenw-Iƒt°m Hcp ]¶p-an-√.

P∏m≥ bp≤-Øn¬\n∂v ]n∑m-dm≥ Xøm-dm-bn´pw lntcm-jn-a-bnepw\mK-km-°n-bnepw t_mw_v h¿jn® sImSpw òI-c-\mb Ata-cn-°-X-s∂-bmWv C∂pw B t]cn-∂¿l≥. Xß-fpsS IpSne Xm¬]-cy-ßƒs°-Xncp \n¬°p∂ F√m \mSp-I-sfbpw kaq-l-ß-sfbpw BcmPyw FXn¿°p-∂p. kz¥w hcp-Xn-bn¬ hcmØ \mSp-I-fn-se√mw oI-c-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. Nmc-kw-L-S-\-bmb kn.-sF.-F-sbbpw òI-c-]-h¿Ø-I-cmb kb-Wn-Ãp-I-sfbpw AXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. B`y-¥c ]iv\-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°m≥ t]mepw temIØv bp≤-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂p. Ata-cn-°≥ cmjvSo-b-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬ \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ anÃ¿ tdmkvs]tdm ]d-bp∂p: ""B`y-¥-c-ÿnXn tami-am-Ip-tºmƒ i≤ Xncn-®p-hn-Sm\mbn Rßƒ temIØv sIm®p-sIm®pbp≤-ßƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.''

C∆n[w Ign™ Hcp \q‰m-≠n-\Iw Ata-cn° temI-Ønse Aº-Xn-tesd cmPy-ß-fn¬ ]Xy-£-amtbm ]tcm-£-amtbm CS-s]´v Ipg-∏-ßƒ IpØn-s∏m-°p-Ibpw Iq´-s°m-e-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.CØ-c-samcp òI-c-cm-jvS-Øns‚ ]Nm-c-WamWv Ckvem-an-s\bpwapkvenw-I-sfbpw kw_-‘n® sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ hf¿∂p-h-cm-\n-S-h-cp-Øn-b-Xv. F√m hn[ ]Nm-c-tWm-]m-[n-Ifpw Iø-S-°n-sh-°p∂ Ata-cn-

227kvt\l-kw-hmZw

°-bpsS IpSn-e-X-¥-ßƒ temI-P-\-Xsb sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ A\-ev]-amb ]¶p-h-ln-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

bYm¿Y-Øn¬, C∂v temI-Ønse G‰hpw sImSnb òI-c-IrXyw\S-Øp-∂Xv kam-[m-\-Øns‚ kwc-£-I-cmbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ sFIy-cm-jvS-k-`-bpsS skIyq-cn‰n Iu¨kn-em-Wv. GsX-¶nepw HcpcmPysØ c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-tbm-Sp≈ iXp-X-bpsS t]cn¬ B cmPy-Øns‚bmXm-hn-am\w Xń-s°m-≠p-t]mbn AXnse \m\qtdm A™qtdm Bfp-Isf _µn-I-fm-°n-bm¬ \ma-hsc Xoh-hm-Zn-I-sf∂pw òI-c-hm-Zn-I-sf∂pw hnfn-°pw. Xo¿®-bmbpw AXv icn-bp-am-Wv. \nc-]-cm-[-cmb bmX-°msc imco-cn-I-ambpw am\-kn-I-ambpw ]oUn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Iqc-X-bm-Wv;a\p-jy-hn-cp-≤hpw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ aX-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬k±mw -lp-ssk≥ F∂ Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-tbm-Sp≈ hntcm-[-Øns‚t]cn¬ Cdm-Jnse Ht∂-Im¬ tImSn a\p-jysc Ign™ ]Xn-s\m-∂p-h¿jw Blm-chpw acp∂pw sImSp-°msX sFIy-cm-jvS-k` _µn-I-fm-°p-Ibpw Bdp-e£w Ipń-I-fpƒs∏sS ]Xn-s\m∂p e£sØsIms∂m-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C∆n[w temI-Ønse G‰w Iqc-\mbsIme-bm-fnbpw sImSpw-ò-I-c-\p-ambn amdnb skIyq-cn‰n Iu¨kn¬Ct∏mgpw kam-[m-\-Øns‚ Imh¬°m-cm-bmWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂XvFX-amXw hnNn-Xhpw hntcm-[m- m-k-hp-am-Wv. Ata-cn-°-bp-tS-X-√mØHcp am\-Z-fihpw Af-hp-tImepw temI-Øn\v C∂n√ F∂-XmWvCXn\p- Im-c-Ww.

apkvenw-I-fn¬ Xoh-hm-Zn-Itfm òI-c-]-h¿Ø-Itcm Bbn Bcp-an-s√∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\m-hn-√. Ckvem-ans\ Gsd If-¶-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwAXns‚ ]Xn-Omb XI¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ A]-Izhpw hnth-I-c-ln-X-hp-amb AØcw ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sp∂ H‰-s∏´ Nnesc Aßn-ßmbn ImWm≥ Ign-t™-°pw. apkvenw \mSp-I-fn¬ AØcw oI-c-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Xoh-hm-Z-Nn-¥-Ifpw hf¿∂p-h-cm≥ ImcWw, Ahn-S-ß-fnse GIm-[n-]-Xy-˛-tkz-Om-[n-]Xy `c-W-Iq-S-ßfpw Ah-bpsSsImSnb Xn∑-I-fp-am-Wv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-chpw kam-[m-\-]-c-hp-amb am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS P\m-`n-em-j-ßsf ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ `c-W-Iq-S-ßƒÿm]n-°m\pw hyh-ÿm-am-‰-Øn-\p-ambn Ign™ \nc-h[n ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fn-embn \S-Øn-t∏m∂ ia-ßƒ kmamPy i‡n-I-fpsS CS-s]-S¬Im-cWw ]cm-P-b-a-S-™-Xn-\m¬ £a-sI´ Hcp-]‰w sNdp-∏-°m¿ Xoh-hm-Z-k-ao-]\w kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. apkvenw \yq\-]£ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ `qcn-]-£-tØm-sSm∏w `c-W-Iq-Shpw tN¿∂v \S-Øp∂ sImSpw-ò-I-c-hr-Øn-I-fmWv Nne sNdp-∏-°msc Xpey-\n-e-bn¬ ]Xn-I-cn-°m≥t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Xo¿Øpw H‰-s∏´ CØcw kw`-h-ßsf s]cp-∏n-®p-Im-Wn-®mWv X¬]c I£n-Iƒ Ckvem-ans\Xnsc òI-c-Xbpw Xoh-hm-Zhpw Btcm-]n-°p-∂-Xv.

Ckvemw F√m-hn[ òI-c-X°pw FXn-cm-Wv˛ hy‡n-I-fpsSbpwkwL-SnX ]ÿm-\-ß-fp-sSbpw `c-W-Iq-S-ß-fpsSbpw sFIy-cm-jvS-


k-`-bp-sSbpw. òI-c-X-sbbpw Xoh-hm-Z-sØbpw AXv Xo¿Øpw \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw i‡n-bmbn FXn¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fpsSac-W-Øn\pw kzØp-\m-i-Øn\pw CS-h-cp-Øp∂ oI-c-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒaX-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. AIm-c-W-ambn Hcmsf h[n-°p-∂Xv apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-scbpw h[n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bpw, Hcmƒ°p Poh-t\-Ip-∂Xv apgp-h≥ a\p-jy¿°pw Pohn-X-ta-Ip-∂-Xp-t]msebpamsW∂v Jp¿-B≥ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p-∂p.(5: 32)

AXn-\m¬ bYm¿Y hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Hcn-°epw Xoh-hm-Zn-ItfmòI-c-]-h¿Ø-Itcm BhpI km[y-a-√. AtXm-sSm∏w temI-saßpwapkvenw-Iƒ òI-c-]-h¿Ø-I-cm-sW∂Xv Ata-cn-°-bp-sSbpw Iq´m-fn-I-fp-sSbpw Ah-bpsS saK-t^m-Wp-I-fmIm≥ hn[n-°-s∏´ ]uc-kvXy-\m-Sp-I-fpsS ASn-bm-f-k-aq-l-ß-fp-sSbpw ]Nm-cWw amX-am-sW∂hkvXpX hnkva-cn-°m-h-X-√.(hn-i-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn\v sF.-]n.-F®v ]kn-≤o-I-cn® "òI-c-hm-Zhpw Ckvemapw', "Jp¿-Bs‚ bp≤-k-ao-]\w' F∂oIrXn-Iƒ ImWp-I.)

229kvt\l-kw-hmZw

ap∏-sØ´v

Ckvemw F¥p-sIm≠v kzoIm-cy-am-hp-∂n√?

""Ckvemw \√Xpw ê-]-Z-hp-am-sW-¶n¬ temIØv \qdp-tIm-Sn-tbmfwapkvenw-Ifpw Aº-Xn-tesd apkvenw-cm-jvS-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn´pw AsX-¥p-sIm≠v \S-∏m-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√? AXns‚ kZv -e-ßƒ F¥p-sIm≠v ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n√?''

sshb-‡n-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw cmjvSo-b-hp-amb t\ -ß-tfm-sSm∏wac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hnX hnPbw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ ssZhnI Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv Ckvemw. hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Ønse sImSpw-Nq-Sn¬ XW-te-Ip∂ IpS-bmbpw Iqcn-cp-ń¬ shf-n®-ta-Ip∂ hnf-°mbpw hogvN-I-fn¬ Xmßm-hp∂ XpW-bmbpw hnP-b-th-f-I-fn¬ \nb-¥Ww \evIp∂ ISn-™m-Wmbpw hnjm-Z-\n-an-j-ß-fn¬ Bizmk ktµ-i-ambpw thZ-\-I-fn¬kvt\l-kv]¿i-ambpw AXv h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Pohn-X-Øn¬ hy‡-ambZnim-t_m[w \¬Ip-∂p. Aßs\ Ae-£y-Xbv°v Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øp-∂p.Akz-ÿ-X-Iƒ°v hncm-a-an-Sp-∂p. IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ sskzchpw Z-Xbpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p. Cu hn[w hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Ckvemw ]tbm-K-h¬°-cn®v kZv^-e-ßƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w AXns‚Bflm¿Y-amb BN-cWw ac-Wm-\-¥cw \c-I-Øn¬\n∂v c£bpwkz¿K-e-_v[nbpw ]Zm\w sNøp-∂p. Cu \ntbm-K-sam-s°bpw Ign™]Xn-\mep \q‰m-≠n-tesd Ime-ambn Ckvemw Ahn-cmaw `wKn-bmbpwê-]-Z-ambpw \n¿h-ln-®p-h-cp-∂p. C∂pw temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ P\-tIm-Sn-I-fn¬ Cu hn[w kZv^-e-ßƒ kΩm-\n-°p∂ Ckvem-ans‚ kPo-h-km-∂n-[y-ap-≠v.

Hcp Imcyw hfsc \√Xpw KpW-I-chpw e-]-Z-hp-am-sW-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p- amXw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-S-W-sa-∂n-√. ]pI-hen NoØ-bm-sW-∂-dn-bmØBcpw temI-Øp-≠m-hp-I-bn-√-t√m. F∂n´pw At\-I-tIm-Sn-Iƒ AXp-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. aZy-]m\w ico-c-Øn\pw akvXn-jvI-Øn\pwIpSpw-_-Øn\pw kaq-l-Øn\pw cmjvS-Øn\pw lm\n-I-c-am-sW-∂-dn-™p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ P\w AXn-\mbn tImSn-Iƒ Xpebv-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬


Hcp Imcyw \√tXm NoØtbm KpW-I-ctam tZmj-I-ctam ê-]-Ztam tZml-I-ctam F∂-Xns‚ am\-ZWvUw FX- t]¿ AXv kzoI-cn-°p-∂p, \ncm-I-cn-°p∂p F∂-X√; adn®v AwKo-I-cn®v \S-∏m-°n-bm¬\≥abpw KpWhpw kZv^-e-ß-fp-am-Wp-≈-sX-¶n¬ \√-Xpw, Dt]-£n-°p-tºm-gmWv AsXms° e`n-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ NoØ-bp-sa-∂-XmWv icn-bmb am\-Z-WvUw. Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ Ckvem-ans‚kmaq-ln-I˛kmº-Øn-I˛cmjvSo-b˛`c-W-hy-hÿ \S-∏m-°-s∏-´-t∏m-sgms° AXv am\-h-cm-in°v al-Ømb hnP-bhpw AXpey t\´-ßfpwkΩm-\n-®n-´p-≠v; ]tbm-K-h-XvI-cWw mKn-I-am-Ip-tºmƒ mKn-I-ambpwAXn-\-\p-k-cn®v ]q¿W-am-Ip-tºmƒ ]q¿W-am-bpw.

tkmjy-en-k-Øns‚ XI¿® t]mse-Ø-s∂-bt√

Ckvem-ant\‰ Xncn-®-Snbpw?

""tkmjy-enÃv tNcn-bpsS XI¿®°p ImcWw hyh-ÿ-bpsS XI-cm-dm-sW∂v ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿ Ckvem-ans‚ Imcy-Øn-em-Ip-tºmƒ adn-s®mcp \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv XnI™ sshcp-[y-at√?''

tkmjy-enÃv tNcn-bpsS XI¿®bpw Ckvem-anI `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn¬ Imem-¥-tc-W-bp-≠mb Xncn-®-Snbpw ]Xy-£-Øn¬ Htc-t]m-se-bm-sW∂v tXm∂n-tb°mw. F∂m¬ c≠pw XΩn¬ hf-sc ]I-S-amb A¥-c-ap≠v. BZ¿i-L-S\, Ah-Imi hmZ-ßƒ, NcnX ]mT-ßƒ,]mtbm-Kn-Im-\p-`-h-ßƒ F∂nh ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ Gh¿°p-anXv A\m-bmkw t_m-[y-amIpw:

1. Iayq-Wn-k-Øns‚ e£yw AXns‚ am\n-s^tÃm hy‡-am-°p-∂-t]mse h¿K-clnX kaq-l-Øns‚ kwÿm-]-\-amWv. se\n≥ hni-Zo-I-cn® hn[w c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbpw c-Wo-b\pw t\Xmhpw A\p-bm-bnbpwt]meokpw ]´m-fhpw tImS-Xn-bp-sam-∂p-an-√mØ kaq-l-Øns‚ \n¿-anXn. F∂m¬ CØ-c-samcp kaqlw am¿Ivkn-\p-tijw `qan-bn¬Hcn©p ÿeØp t]mepw Hcp \nanj-hp-ap-≠m-bn-ń√. AYhm,am¿Ivknkw As√-¶n¬ Iayq-Wnkw temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw CØncn t\c-tØ-°p-t]mepw ÿm]n-X-am-bn-ń√. Ckvem-ans‚ ÿnXn CX√. AXv]q¿W-ambpw ]tbm-K-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ncn-X-Øn¬ Xpey-X-bn-√mØ kZv^-e-ßƒ kΩm-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-∂Xv kphn-Zn-XhpwAhn-X¿°n-X-hp-asX.

2. A\n-hm-cy-ambpw ÿm]n-X-am-Ip∂ hyh-ÿ-sb∂ \ne-bn-emWvIayq-Wn-ksØ AXns‚ BNm-cy-∑m¿ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv. CS-h-∏m-Xn-bn¬ ag h¿jn°pw hn[w ]Ir-Xn-bpsS Aew-L-\ob \nb-a-am-W-Xns‚ ]tbm-K-h¬°-c-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p-ht√m Ah-cpsS ]N-cWw. apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v tkmjy-en-k-Øn-te°pw AXn¬\n∂vIayq-W-n-k-Øn-te-°p-ap≈ Iam-\p-kr-X-amb ]cn-h¿Ø\w Ncn-X-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-X-bm-bmWv hnh-cn-°-s∏-´Xv. B¿°pw AXns\ XS-

231kvt\l-kw-hmZw

bm-\m-hn-s√∂pw Ah-c-h-Im-i-s∏´p. ]t£, kw`-hn-®Xv adn-®m-sW∂vA\p-`hw Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn sXfn-bn-°p∂p. kaqlw tkmjy-en-k-Øn¬ \n∂v Iayq-Wn-k-Øn-te°v apt∂-dp-I-b√; apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn-te°v Xncn®p t]mhp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. tkmjy-enÃv \mSp-I-fn-sebpwkaq-lß-fn-sebpw A\p-`-h-anXv km£yw hln-°p∂p.

F∂m¬ Ckvemw Ime-h¿jw t]mse A\n-hm-cy-ambpw ÿm]n-X-am-hp∂ Hcp hyh-ÿ-bm-sW∂v AsXm-cn-°epw Ah-Im-i-s∏-ń-ń√.kaq-l-Øn-\v kzoI-cn-°m-s\-∂-t]mse \ncm-I-cn-°m\pw kzmX-¥y-ap≈,kzmX¥yw A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ ]Xy-b-im-kvX-am-WXv. kaq-l-Øns‚BK-lm-`n-em-j-ßfpw Xocp-am-\hpw A\p-Iqe kml-N-cyhpw ssZh-hn-[nbpw HØp-h-cp-tºm-gXv ]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp∂p. Aßs\ kw`-hn-®n-s√-¶n¬ Bi-b-X-e-Øn¬ amX-sam-Xp-ßp∂p. AYhm, kzbw ÿm]n-X-am-hp-Ibpw A\n-hm-cy-ambpw \ne-hn¬h-cn-Ibpw \ne-\n¬°p-IbpwsNøp∂ H∂√ Ckvem-anI hyhÿ. A∆n[w AXns\ Hcn-°epwHcn-SØpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏- n- p-an√. Ckvem-an-\n-√mØ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-Øns‚ t]cn¬ AXns\ hna¿in-°p-∂Xv \oXn-b-√t√m.

3. Iayq-Wn-k-Øn-te-°p≈ Nhn-´p-]-Sn-sb∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´tkmjy-enkw ÿm]n-X-amb \mSp-I-fn-se√mw P\-ß-fpsS ]iv\-ßƒ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-b√, s]cp-Ip-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. hy‡n-I-fpsS ka-kvXm-h-Im-i-ßfpw Ih¿s∂-SpØv Ah-sc -b-¥-ß-sf-t∏mse \n¿hn-Im-ccpw \n¿ho-cy-cp-am°n ]Wn-sb-Sp-∏n-®n´pw ]uc-∑m-cpsS ]mY-an-Im-h-iy-ßƒt]mepw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn√. AXn-\m¬ P\wtkmjy-enÃv kwhn-[m-\-Øn-s∂-Xnsc cwK-Øn-dßn hnπhw kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw tkmjy-enÃv hyh-ÿsb IS-]p-g-°n-sb-dn-bp-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-bXv. F∂m¬ Ckvem-anI hyhÿ ÿm]n-X-am-b-t∏mƒ P\-ß-fpsS ]iv\-ß-sfms° ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw t£a-]q¿W-amb kml-Ncyw kwPm-X-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ P\w Ckvem-anI hyhÿ ÿm]n-X-am-I-W-sa∂pw \ne-\n¬°-W-sa-∂p-am-Wm-K-ln-®n-cp-∂Xv. c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fmWv AXn-s\-Xnsc \ne-sIm-≠Xv. \mepJeo-^-am-cpsS Ime-tijw Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿ-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n¬hogvN-h-cp-Øn-bXv Da-hn-bm-°fpw A∫m-kn-bm-°-fp-amb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fmWv. At∏m-sgm-s°bpw P\X Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿ-bpsS ]£-Øm-bn-cp∂p. C∂sØ ÿnXnbpw `n∂-a√. CuPn-]vXn-sebpw AƒPo-cn-b-bn-sebpw Xp¿°n-bn-sebpw kpDuZn Atd-_y-bn-sebpw P\-ßƒCkvem-anI hyh-ÿ-°p-th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p-tºmƒ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fmWv AXn-s\-Xnsc \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv. ]m›mXy apX-em-fnØ kmam-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ Ahsc ]n¥p-W-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. tkmjy-enÃv hyh-ÿsb AXv ÿm]n-X-amb \mSp-I-fnse P\w FXn¿°p-tºmƒ k¿hm-[n-]-Xn-I-fmb c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ AXns‚ IqsS-\n∂v tkmjy-en-ksØkwc-£n-°p-hm≥ ian-°p∂p. Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿ-bpsS kwÿm-]-


\-Øn\v P\w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ AXns\ \ncm-I-cn-°p∂p. c≠p hyh-ÿ-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ ]IS-amb A¥-c-am-Wn-Xn\p ImcWw.

4. Sm^nIv \nb-a-ßƒ t]mse-bmWv Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿ-sb∂v]dbmw. Ah ]men®v \S-∏m-°n-bm¬ F√m-hn[ ]bm-k-ß-fn¬\n∂pw\mi-\-jvS-ß-fn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏Smw. adn-®m-bm¬ Zpc¥w A\n-hm-cy-asX. Ncn-Xm-\p- -h-ß-sfm-s°bpw CXn\p km£n-bmWv. Sm^nIv \nba-ßƒ t]mse-Øs∂ Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿbpw ]men-°m\pw ]men-°m-Xn-cn-°m\pw a\p-jy\v kzmX-¥yhpw km[y-X-bp-ap≠v.

5. k≥B apX¬ lZ-d-auXv hsc Hcp bmXm kwL-Øn\v \n¿`-b-ambn k©-cn-°m≥ km[n-°p-amdv Ckvem-anI hyhÿ ÿm]n-X-am-hp-sa∂v ]hm-N-I≥ Ckvem-anI ]t_m-[-\-Øns‚ ]mcw` L -Ønsehfsc ]Xn-Iq-e-amb ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ Xs∂ ]h-Nn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.CXv ]q¿W-ambpw ]pe¿∂-Xmbn NcnXw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. A]-Imcw Xs∂ Ckvem-anI hyhÿ ]n¬°m-eØv Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw ]hm-N-I≥ Xm°oXp sNbvXXpw ]q¿W-ambpw ]pe-cp-I-bp-≠mbn. Ckvem-ans‚ kXy-Xbv°pw ssZhn-I-X-bv°p-ap≈ sXfn-hp-Iq-Sn-bm-WnXv. AtX-k-abw Iayq-Wnkw \ne-hn¬h-cp∂ ]tZ-i-sØbpwcoXn-sbbpw Ime-sØbpw kw_-‘n® am¿Ivkns‚ ]h-N-\-ß-sfm-s°bpw ]ng-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv.

6. Ckvemw Bh¿Ø\ kz`m-h-ap≈ hyh-ÿ-bmWv. P\-Øn\vGXp ImeØpw ]tZ-iØpw AXv ]tbm-K-h¬°-cn-°m≥ km[n°pw.Ckvem-anI hyhÿ Ign™ ]Xn-\mep \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ CS-bv°nsS]q¿Wm¿Y-Øn¬ ÿm]n-X-amb Ncn-Xm-\p- -h-ß-fn-Xn\p km£n-bmWv.AXn-\m¬ Ckvem-anI hyhÿ \ncm-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sh∂ hmZw icntbmhkvXp-\n-jvTtam A√. ImcWw, C∆n[w \ncm-I-cn-°-s∏-´tijw ]eL´-ß-fn-ep-aXv ho≠pw ÿm]n-X-am-bn-´p≠v.

7. a\p-jy-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Xo¿Øpw Ak-Zr-ihpw F°m-e-tØ°pwG‰hpw amXr-Im-tbm-Ky-hp-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ]q¿Wm¿Y-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI hyhÿ ]hm-N-I-\p-tijw Zo¿L-Imew \ne-\n-∂n-s√-∂Xv icn-bm-sW-¶nepw 1924˛-¬ Dkvam-\nbm Jnem-^-Øns‚ A¥yw hsc AXv`mKn-I-ambpw Nne-t∏mƒ Hs´ms° ]q¿W-ambpw Nne-t∏mƒ ]cn-]q¿W-ambpw \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-∂n-´p≠v. C∂pw ]e \mSp-I-fnepw Ckvem-anI`c-W-hy-hÿ AXns‚ kZv^-e-ßƒ kΩm-\n®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p≠v.Ign™ ]Xn-\mep \q‰m-≠n-sem-cn-°epw apkvenw kaqlw Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿsb Xo¿Øpw \ncm-I-cn®v hncp-≤-amb hyh-ÿsb kzoI-cn® A\p-`-h-ap-≠m-bn-ń√. F∂m¬ tkmjy-enÃv kaq-l-ßƒ lkz-Im-esØ ]co-£-W-tijw AXns\ ssIsbm-gn®v XnI®pw hncp-≤-amb apX-em-fnØ hyh-ÿsb hmcn-∏p-W-cp-I-bp-≠mbn. ]q¿h -bqtdm-]y≥ \mSp-I-fn¬ ]e-Xp-an-Xns‚ A\n-tj[y DZm-l-c-W-ß-fsX.

233kvt\l-kw-hmZw

8. Ckvemw F∂Xv tIh-e-samcp cmjvSob `c-W-hy-hÿ amX-a√; AXns‚ ]c-a-amb e£yw a\p-jys\ ssZh tIm]-Øn¬\n∂pwin£-bn¬\n∂pw c£n®v ssZh-]o-Xn°pw ]Xn-^-e-amb kz¿K-Øn∂pw A¿l-cm-°p-I-sb-∂-XmWv. AtXm-sSm∏w qan-bn¬ a\- ns‚kzmÿyhpw hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hnip-≤nbpw IpSpw_ LS-\-bpsS`Z-Xbpw kaq-l-Øns‚ kam-[m-\hpw AXv Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂p. Ime-˛tZ-i-t -Z-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn Cu \ntbm-K-ß-f-Xbpw Ckvemw Ct∂mfw\n¿h-ln-®p-t]m-∂n-´p≠v. Ct∏mƒ \n¿h-ln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sN-øp∂p. temIm¥yw hsc CXv XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. F∂m¬ CØ-c-sam∂pw Iayq-Wn-k-Øn¬\n∂v Hcn-°epw Hcn-SØpw ]Xo-£n-°m-h-X√.


ap∏-sØm-ºXv

Ckvemapw apkvenw ]n∂m-°m-h-ÿbpw

""temI-X-e-Øn¬ apkvenw \mSp-I-fn¬ ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-amb ]n∂m-°m-hÿ ]I-S-amWv. C¥y-bnse apkvenw-Ifpw Chn-SsØ CXc P\-hn-`m-K-ßsf At]-£n®v hfsc ]nd-In-emWv. Ckvemw ]ptcm-K-Xn°vXS- hpw ]n∂m-°m-h-ÿbv°v Imc-W-hp-am-sW-∂t√ CXv sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv?''

am\-h-k-aqlw kzmb-Ø-am-°nb hf¿®-bnepw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnepwCkvemapw apkvenw-Ifpw hln® ]¶v ]d-™-dn-bn-t°-≠-Xn-√m-Ø-hn[why‡hpw hnhm-Zm-Xo-X-hp-amWv. KmV-\n-Z-bn-em-bn-cp∂ Atd-_y≥ kaq-lsØ Ckvemw sXm´p-W¿Øn. Ah-cpsS A⁄-Xbv°pw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°pw Adp-Xn-h-cpØn. apgp-Po-hnX taJ-e-bnepw AX-hsc]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te°pw Hu∂-Xy-Øn-te°pw \bn®p. Aßs\ Ah¿temI-Øns‚ t\Xm-°fpw tPXm-°-fp-ambn amdn. kXyw, kaXzw,kmtlm-Zcyw, kln-jvWpX, [¿aw, \oXn XpS-ßnb D¬IrjvS KpW-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ amX-a√ Ie, kmlnXyw, imkvXw, kmt¶-XnIhnZy, hn⁄m\w, \Kc kwhn-[m\w, c-W-\n¿h-lWw t]mep≈ F√mafi-e-ß-fnepw Zo¿L-Imew temI-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬In-bXvapkvenw-I-fmWv. C∂v temIØv anI-®p-\n¬°p-∂Xv ]m›m-Xy-cm-Wt√m.AXn-\-hsc k÷-cm-°n-bXpw ]Sn-™m-d≥ \mK-cnI-Xbv°v Ifn-sØm-ń-sem-cp-°n-bXpw Ckvemapw apkvenw-I-fp-amWv. \njv]-£-cmb F√mNcn-X-Im-c-∑mcpw kmaq-lnI imkvX-⁄cpw Cu kXyw kpXcmwhy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. tdm_¿´v _nt^mƒ´v Fgp-Xp∂p: ""]Xn-\©mw\q‰m-≠n¬ ]pjv]n®p \n∂ Ad_v ˛ aqdnjv \mK-cn-I-X-I-fpsS kzm[o-\-amWv \thm-∞m-\-Øn\v P∑w \¬In-bXv. C‰-en-b√, kvs]bn-\m-bn-cp∂p bqtdm-∏ns‚ ]p\¿P-∑-Øn\v sXmń-embn h¿Øn-®Xv. kmc-k≥kmam-Py-Ønse \K-c-ß-fmb ssItdmbpw sIm¿tUm-hbpw _KvZmZpwtSmfn-tUmbpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw hnNm-c-hym-]m-c-Øn-s‚bpw tIµ-ß-fmbn hf¿∂-t∏mƒ, ]mIr-X-Xz-Øn¬ aq°‰w apßnb bqtdm∏v

235kvt\l-kw-hmZw

A⁄-X-bp-sSbpw A[-x]-X-\-Øn-s‚bpw L\m-‘-Im-c-Øn¬ B≠pInS-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. a\p-jy-]-cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ \ho-\-Z-i-bmbn hf¿∂]pXnb PohnXw cq]wsIm≠Xv Ahn-S-ß-fn-em-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cpsS \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS kzm[o\w A\p-`-h-s∏´p XpS-ßn-b-t∏m-gmWv Hcp ]pXnbPohn-X-Øns‚ _ln¿K-a-\-am-cw-`n-®Xv...''

""Ad-_n-I-fn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ B[p-\nI bqtdm-]y≥ kwkvImcwXs∂ P∑-sa-Sp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂ bmYm¿Yyw XnI®pw hniz-k-\o-b-asX. ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ ]mNo\ Zi-I-ß-sf-sb√mw Ih®p hbv°-Ø°kz`mh sshin-jvSyhpw apkvenw-I-fpsS A`m-h-Øn-e-h¿°v kºm-Zn-°m≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√. bqtdm-∏ns‚ hf¿®-bpsS sNdnb Awi-ß-fn¬t]mepw Ckvem-ans‚ kzm[o\w ImW-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°n√'' (TheMaking of Humanity, Page 183-190).

bqtdm∏v C∂-\p-`-hn-°p∂ kpJ kuI-cy-ßƒs°√mw ]q¿W-ambpw IS-s∏-´Xv Ckvem-an-t\mSpw apkvenw-I-tfm-Sp-am-sW∂v ]kn≤Ncn-X-Im-c-\mb tPm¨ hneyw Xs‚ Intellectual Development of EuropeF∂ KŸ-Øn¬ Ak-µn-Kv[-ambn hy‡-am-°p∂p. ""ssh⁄m-\nIcwKØv apkvenw-Iƒ XpS-ßn-sh-°mØ H∂pw Xßƒ°v ]q¿Øo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-bn -ń -s√''∂v F®v.Pn. sh¬kv Xs‚ "temI-N-cnXkwKl'Ønepw Xpd-∂p-]-d-™n-´p≠v. ]fin‰v Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdpXs‚ Glimpses of World Historybn¬ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""]mNo-\¿°n-S-bn¬CuPn-]vXntem C¥y-bntem ssN\-bntem icn-bmb imkvXob kº-Zmbw \mw ImWp-∂n√. AXns‚ sNdn-sbmcp iIew ]pcm-X\ Kokn¬Zriy-amWv. tdman¬ AXp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-tX-bn√. F∂m¬ Ad-_n-I-fn¬Cu imkvXo-b-amb At\z-j-W-_p≤n ]I-S-am-bn-cp∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ B[p-\n-I- im-kvXØns‚ ]nXm-°ƒ apkvenw-I-fm-sW∂v ]d-bm-hp-∂-XmWv.'' At±lw Xs∂ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Ko°p-Im¿ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX tIhe ⁄m\-Øns‚ Iam-\p-K-X-amb hnI-k-\sØ, Ad_n a\ v Hcp ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-tSmSpwssNX-\y-tØmSpw IqSn Gs‰-SpØp. em‰n-\ns‚ hgn-I-fn-eq-sS-b√, Ad-_n-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p B[p-\nI temI-Øn\v ]Im-i-Øn-s‚bpwi‡n-bp-sSbpw A\p-K-l-ßƒ e`n-®Xv.''

Cu ]ptcm-K-Xn-s°m-s°bpw hgn-h-®Xv Ckvem-anI hnizm-k-asX.Rom Landar Xs‚ Islam and the Arab F∂ KŸ-Øn-se-gp-Xp∂p:""imkvXob Kth-j-W-ß-fpsS ]tNm-Z-\-i‡n, A√mlp krjvSn-®-Xp-t]mse \ne-\n¬°p∂ ]]-©-sØ-∏‰n AKm-[-amb Adnhv t\Sm-\p≈ AZ-ay-amb BK-l-am-bn-cp∂p. uXn-I-]-]©w Bflo-b-]-]©wt]mse-Øs∂ ][m-\-am-sW∂ AwKo-Im-chpw Ad_n a\- ns‚ hnIm-cm-XoX ]Ir-XsØ icn°pw ]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ kXym-t\z-j-W-Xz-cbpw Ah-cpsS AZ-ay-amb Pn⁄m-kbpw tbmKm-fl-Im-\p- q-Xnbpw a‰pt]c-I-ß-fsX. amXr-hm-’eyw apX¬ amc-I-tcm-K-ßƒ hsc-bp-≈-


sX√mw ssZhw krjvSn® ]]-©-Øn-epƒs∏-Sp-∂-h-bmWv. Ah-tbm-tcm∂pw Ahs‚ i‡n-bpsS \nZ¿i-\-ß-fmWv; AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂]T-\m¿l-ßfpw. Ckvem-an¬ aXhpw imkvXhpw `n∂-h-gn-I-f√]n¥p-S-cp-∂Xv. aXw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ imkvX-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb]tNm-Z\ i‡n-bmWv.''

Ipcnip bp≤-Øn-eqsS apkvenw \mSp-Isf Iogvs∏-Sp-Ønb ssIkv-Xh kaqlw A°m-eØpw XpS¿∂pw Ad-_n-Iƒ B¿Pn® ssh⁄m-\nI t\´-ß-sfbpw ùXn-I-h-f¿®-sbbpw ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xoh-iaw \SØn. hnhn[ hn⁄m\ imJ-I-fn-ep≈ Ad-_n-K-Ÿ-ßƒ Xß-fpsS `mj-I-fn-te°v samgn-am‰w \SØn. Aß-s\-bmWv bqtdm-∏n¬]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS BZy -N-e-\-ßƒ ]I-S-am-Im≥ XpS-ßn-bXv.sIm¿tUmh, Km\sU, tSmfntUm, _KvZmZv, Ua-kvIkv, ssItdm, Ae-Ivkm-≠-vdnb t]mep≈ ]apJ \K-c-ß-fnse KŸm-e-b-ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ it≤-b-am-b-h-sb√mw em‰n≥ `mj-bn-te°v]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Ah D]-tbm-Kn®v Kth-jW ]co-£-W-ßƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aß-s\-bmWv ]m›m-Xy¿ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]S-hp-Iƒ Nhn-ń-°-b-dn-bXv.

Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw \mK-cn-I-X-bp-sSbpw tIµ-am-bn-cp∂ kvs]bn-\nse t\´-ß-sfm-s°bpw kz¥-am-°nb Ckvem-ans‚iXp-°ƒ 1492-˛¬ B cmjvSsØ A[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ KŸ-ß-sf√mw Nps´-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ac \q‰m≠v]n∂n-´-t∏m-tg°pw Hscm‰ apkvenapw AhnsS Ah-ti-jn-°m-Ø-hn[wF√m-h-scbpw \n¿_-‘-ambn aXw am‰p-Ibpw hg-ßm-Ø-hsc \n¿Zbwh[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sS-bmWv apkvenw \mSp-I-fpsS ]n∂m-°m-h-ÿbpw XI¿®bpw kw`-hn-®Xv. Cu hkvXpX ]ikvX BwKeNcn-X-Im-c-\mb sebn≥ ]qƒ Xs∂ hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""\q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfwkvs]bn≥ \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS tIµhpw Iem-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw ùXn-I-im-kvX-Øn-s‚bpw F∂p-th≠ hnin-jvS-amb F√m-Xcw hn⁄m-\-Øns‚Ccn-∏n-S-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. bqtdm-∏nse as‰mcp cmPyhpw At∂mfw Ad-_n-I-fpsS ]cn-jvIr-X-cm-Py-Øns‚ ASp-sØ-ßp-sa-Øn-bn-cp-∂n√.s^¿Un-\m‚n-s‚bpw Ck-s_-√-bp-sSbpw Nmƒkn-s‚bpw kmam-Py-ßƒ°v CØcw imiz-X-amb bmsXm-cu-∂-Xyhpw e`n-®n√. apkvenw-Isf Ah¿ ]pd-Øm°n. sX√nS ssIkvXh kvs]bn≥ Nµ-s\-t∏mseISw hmßnb shfn®w sIm≠v ]Im-in®p. £W-Øn¬ KlWw h∂p.]n∂oSv Ct∂mfw kvs]bn≥ A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ X∏n-Ø-S-bp-I-bmWv.''

kmam-Py-Xz-Øns‚ IS-∂p-I-b-‰-tØmsS apkvenw \mSp-I-fpsSXI¿® ]q¿W-am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nepw Ccp-]Xmw\q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy Zi-I-ß-fn-ep-ambn kmam-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ apgp-h≥apkvenw \mSp-Ifpw ]¶n-s´-Sp-Øp. Aßs\ apkvenw cmPyßfpw kaq-l-ßfpw ]m›mXy kmam-Py-i-‡n-I-fpsS A[o-\-X-bn-embn. Ah¿apkvenw \mSp-Isf Xo¿Øpw sIm≈-b-Sn-°pI amX-a√, apkvenw-Isf

237kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Ah-cpsS BZ¿i hnizm-k-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hnip-≤-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fn¬\n∂pw hyXn-N-en-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXmsS B \mSp-Ifpw\m´p-Imcpw s]s´-s∂m∂pw ]cn-l-cn-°m-\m-hmØ ]n∂m-°m-h-ÿ°vASn-s∏´p. AtXm-sSm∏w ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sSbpw \thm-∞m-\-Øn-s‚bpwNme-I-i-‡n-bmbn h¿Øn-°p∂ BZ¿i-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°pw Pohn-X-ho-£-W-ßƒ°pw aß-te¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y Zi-I-ß-fn¬ Cu \mSp-Iƒ kzmX¥ywt\Sn-sb-¶nepw Ahs°m∂pw apXpIv \nh¿Øm≥ ]‰mØ ÿnXn-bm-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv. kzmX¥yw \¬In-b-t∏mƒ kmam-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ Ahn-S-ß-fn-se√mw Xß-fpsS Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°p∂, Ckvem-anI\nb-a-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-sem´pw Xm¬]-cy-an-√mØ, cmPy-]p-tcm-K-Xnsb kw_-‘n® icn-bmb ImgvN-∏mtSm Zo¿L-ho-£-Wtam XotcC√mØ GIm-[n-]-Xn-I-sfbpw cmPm-°-∑m-scbpw kp¬Øm≥am-scbpwIpSn-bn-cp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. Xt±-io-b-cpsS A`n-]m-b-ßtfm Xm¬]-cy-ßtfm H´pw ]cn-K-Wn-°m-sX-bm-W-h¿ Ct∂mfw `cWw \S-Øn-t∏m-∂Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]m›mXy kmam-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ°v tImf-\n-hm-gvN-°m-e-sØ-∂-t]mse XpS¿∂pw B \mSp-Isf sIm≈-b-Sn-°m≥A\m-bm-kw -km-[n®p. C∂pw AtX ÿnXn XpS-cp-I-bmWv. \mSns‚hf¿®bv°pw hnIm-k-Øn\pw ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw hgn-sbm-cp-°p∂ Ckvem-an-I -hy-hÿ \S-∏m-°m-\mbn bXv\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]ÿm-\-ßsfkmamPy i‡n-I-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS Xt±-io-b-cmb tkzOm-[n-]-Xn-Iƒ Iqc-ambn ASn-®-a¿Øp-Ibpw tNmc-bn¬ ap°n-s°m-√p-I-bp-amWv.Ahn-S-ß-fn¬ P\-lnXw \S-∏n-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw P\m-[n-]Xyw ÿm]n-X-am-Ip-∂Xpw ]m›mXy kmam-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n√. Ah-cpsSNqj-Whpw apkvenw \mSp-I-fpsS ]n∂m-°m-h-ÿbpw Ahn-cmaw XpS-cm≥ AX-\n-hm-cy-am-Wt√m. apkvenw kaq-l-ßfpw cmjvS-ßfpw Ckvem-ans\ bYm-hn[n ]n¥p-S¿∂-t∏mƒ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]mc-ayX ]m]n-°p-Ibpw AXns\ ssIsbm-gn-®-t∏mƒ ]n∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bpsS ]mXm-f-Øn¬ ]Xn-°p-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-bXv. Ckvemw kaq-l-Øn¬ krjvSn-°p∂kzm[o\w F¥m-sW∂v Cu Ncn-X-h-kvXpX kpXcmw hy‡-am-°p∂p.

]m›mXy A[n-\n-thiw hsc C¥y-bnse apkvenw-Iƒ CXc P\-hn-`m-K-ßsf At]-£n®v H´pw ]n∂n-em-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂√, Iem-km-lnXy kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-e-I-fn¬ Gsd anIhv ]pe¿ØpIbpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. `mc-X-Øns‚ _lp-ap-J-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ Ckvemw hln®al-Ømb ]¶v kphn-Zn-X-amWv. \ΩpsS \mSns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI ss]Xr-I-ßfpw \mK-cn-Im-h-in-jvS-ßfpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ Gh¿°p-aXv t_m[y-amIpw. C¥y-bpsS NcnXw Ipdn-®n´ \njv]-£-cmb Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m-sc√mwCkvem-ans‚ km∂n[yw kΩm-\n® A\¿L-amb t\´-ßsf \µn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-Ibpw hy‡-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v.

]n∂oSv _nó-jp-Im¿ C¥y-bn¬ B[n-]-Xy-ap-d-∏n-®-t∏mƒ AXns\G‰hpw i‡-ambn FXn¿ØXpw t\cn-´Xpw apkvenw-I-fm-bn-cp∂p.


Xßƒs°-Xnsc Iem]w XpS-ßn-h-®Xv apl-Ω-Zo-b-cm-sW∂v _nójvDtZym-K-ÿ-\mb sPbnwkv Hu´vdmapw, apl-Ω-Z≥ ]´m-f-°mcpw P\-ß-fp-am-bn-cp∂p lnµp-°-tf-°mƒ iXpX ]pe¿Øn-b-sX∂v ]©m_v Iao-j-W¿ k¿ tPm¨ temd≥kpw ]d-bm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂.-(History of Indian Mutiny Vol. 11 P: 355).

AXn-\m¬ _nó-jp-Im¿ C¥y≥ apkvenw-I-tfmSv iXp-Xm-]-c-amb\ne-]mSv kzoI-cn®p. aX-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS \S-Øn-∏n-\p-th≠n \¬I-s∏-ń-cp∂ kzØp-°ƒ tIm¨hm-eokv ]`p-hns‚ imizX \nIpXnhyhÿ h∂-tXmsS apkven-wIƒ°v \jvS-s∏´p. _nó-jp-Im¿t]¿jy≥ mjbv°v \nb-¥-W-ta¿s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ico-AØv hyhÿ\n¿Ø-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hJv^v kzØp-°ƒ°v \nb-¥-W-ta¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv aX-ÿm-]-\-ßsf ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n®p. CØcw ]bm-k-ßfpw ]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw apkvenwI-fpsS at\m-hocyw sISp-Øp-∂-Xn¬A\¬]-amb ]¶p-h-ln®p. AtXm-sSm∏w sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]-Xy-tØm-Sp≈AXn-i-‡-amb shdp∏pw hntcm-[hpw Imc-W-ambn ]m›mXy hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ t\sc apkvenw kap-Zmbw ]pdw Xncn-™p-\n∂p. Cw•ojv`mj ]Tn-°p-∂-Xns\ aX-t\-XrXzw IWn-i-ambn hne°n. AXv \njn-≤-am-sW∂v ]fin-X-∑m¿ hn[n®p. Cu kao-]\w tZiob kzmX-¥y-t_m-[-Øm¬ ]tNm-Zn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw apkvenw-Iƒ a‰p-≈-hscAt]-£n®v _lp-Zqcw ]n∂n-em-Im≥ AXv Imc-W-ambn. _nó-jp-Im-cpsS ]Xn-Imc \S-]-Sn-Ifpw apkvenw-I-fpsS _nó-jvhn-tcm-[hpw HØp-tN¿∂-t∏mƒ Zo¿L-Imew cmPy-`-cWw \S-Ønb kaqlw A[x-]-X-\-Øn-te°v B≠p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.

_nó-jp-Im¿ \mSp-\o-ßn-b-tXmsS C¥y hn -Pn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Chn-SsØ apkvenw- hym]m-cn-Ifpw hyh-km-bn-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw t\Xm-°fpw ]fin-X-∑mcpw kº-∂-cp-sa√mw ]mIn-kvXm-\n-te°v t]mhp-IbpwXZv^-e-ambn ê-Øn¬ C¥y-bnse apkvenw-Iƒ Xo¿Øpw A\m-Y-cm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kzX-t¥-¥y-bn¬ ASn-°-Sn-bp-≠mb h¿Kob Iem-]-ßfpw c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ mK-Øp-\n-∂p-≠mb Ah-K-W-\bpw k¿thm-]cn tbmKy-amb kap-Zm-b-t\-Xr-Xz-Øns‚ A`m-hhpw apkvenw-Isf IqSp-X¬ A[x-ÿn-Xcpw ]n∂m-°-°m-cp-am°n. C∂pw Cu \ne XpS-cp-I-bmWv. Ncn-X-]-c-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ kw`-hn® Cu ]Xn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬Ckvem-an\v Hcp ]¶p-an-s√∂pw tZiob kzmX-¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈HSp-ßmØ tamlhpw bXv\hpw kzmX-¥y-th-f-bn-ep-≠mb cmPy-hn-`-P-\-hp-amWv bYm¿Y Imc-W-sa∂pw Gh¿°pw Gsd-sbm∂pw hni-I-e\w sNømsX Xs∂ a\- n-em-°m-hp∂ hkvXp-X-bsX.

Ckvem-ans\ ka-K-ambpw bYmXY-ambpw Dƒs°m-≈p-tºm-gmWvapkvenw-Iƒ apgp-Po-hn-X- ta-J-e-I-fnepw hf¿®bpw ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw t\Sp-I-sb∂pw AXns\ ssIsbm-gn-°p-tºm-gmWv XI¿®-sbbpw ]n∂m-°m-h-ÿ-sbbpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-I-sb∂pw Ign™ ]Xn-\mep \q‰m-≠p-

239kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Im-esØ NcnXw hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ Gh¿°pw t_m[y-amIpw.

\mev]-Xv

bp‡n-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Nne tNmZy-ßƒ

a\p-jys‚ Pohn-X-hy-hÿ a\p-jy-\t√ \n¿an-t°-≠Xv?

""F¥n-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-tºmgpw ]c-tem-I-sØ-∏‰n kwkm-cn-°p∂aX-Øn\v Fß-s\-bmWv `qan-bn¬ \oXnbpw \∑bpw ÿm]n-°m≥km[n-°pI? ChnsS Pohn-°p∂ a\p-jys‚ Imcyw t\mt°-≠XvAh≥ Xs∂-bt√?''

CXv Nne auenI ]iv\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-XmWv. kXyw,AkXyw, \oXn, A\oXn, \ymbw, A\ymbw, Iaw, AIaw, \∑,Xn∑, icn, sX‰v, [¿aw, A[¿aw t]mep-≈h F¥mWv? BcmWv Ah\n›-bn-t°-≠Xv? a\p-jy-cmtWm? BsW-¶n¬ Ah-cn-em-cmWv? Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-amtWm? F¶n¬ Adp-\qdp tImSn a\p-jy-cp-tSXpw hyXy-kvX-ßfpw ]c-kv]-c- hn-cp-≤-ß-fp-am-hnt√? Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Xßƒ°ptXm∂nb t]mse Xmt¥m-∂n-I-fmbn Pohn-°-W-sa-∂t√ AXn-\¿Yw?kaq-l-amtWm AXv Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠Xv? F¶n¬ kaq-l-Øn¬ Bcm-Wv? `qcn-]-£-amtWm? Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ `qcn-]£w aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b-Xn-\m¬ Ah-ct√ AXv \n›-bn-t°-≠Xv? AYhm, alm- q-cn-]£wA‘-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW-¶n¬ Ahcpw? `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fmtWm Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠Xv? F¶n¬ GIm-[n-]Xy, k¿hm-[n-]Xy, tkzOm-[n-]Xy,cmPm-[n-]Xy hyh-ÿ-bn¬ A[n-Imcw ssIbm-fp-∂-h-cpsS CO-IfpwXm¬]-cy-ß-fp-at√ kXy-Øn-s‚bpw \oXn-bp-sSbpw cq]-a-Wn-bpI? P\m-[n-]-Xy- -c-W-Iq-S-am-sW-¶n¬ qcn-]-£-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fpsS Xm¬]-cyhpw apX-em-fnØ hyh-ÿ-bnse kXyhpw \oXnbpw \ymbhpw\∑bpw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°ptam tkmjy-enÃv hyh-ÿ-bn-teXpw?

ùXnI Z¿i-\-ßfpw ]Xy-b-im-kvX-ßfpw ]d-bp-∂-t]mse kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw kmº-ØnI LS-\-bp-sSbpw krjvSn-bmWvaqey-ß-sf-¶n¬ B hn[-ap≈ aqey-ßƒ F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw Ah


AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ghcpw _m[y-ÿ-cm-hp-I-bnt√? kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-bp-sSbpw kmº-ØnI hyh-ÿ-bp-sSbpw A\n-hm-cy-X-bmbn h∂p-tN-cp-∂h Fs¥m-s°-bm-bmepw Ahsb kln-°p-I-b-√msX \n¿hm-l-an-s√∂v hcnt√? ]ns∂ Ah-bvs°-Xnsc ]cmXn ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ A¿Y-apt≠m?

aqey-ßƒ \n›-bn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw a\p-jy-∂m-sW∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬ sshb-‡n-Ihpw IpSpw-_-]-chpw PmXo-bhpw tZio-bhpw ]mtZ-in-Ihpw a‰p-amb Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ ]I-S-am-hpIkzm`m-hn-Ihpw A\n-hm-cy-hp-asX. AXn-\m¬ F√m Ime-sØbpw ]tZ-i-sØbpw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-scbpw Hcp-t]mse ImWm≥ Ign-bp∂ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw kjvSm-hmb ssZh-Øn\p amXta bYm¿Y-amb \oXnbpwA\o-Xnbpw \∑bpw Xn∑bpw sX‰pw icnbpw [¿ahpw A[¿ahpw\ymbhpw A\ym-bhpw \n›-bn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bp≈q. Ckvemw a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS apºn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂ ssZh-t]m-‡-amb aqey-ßƒF√m-h-tcmSpw Htc-t]mse \oXn sNøp∂ km¿h-P-\o-\hpw Imem-Xo-X-hp-am-hm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂.

]ns∂, `qan-bn¬ B¿ FX ian-®mepw \njvIr-jvS-amb \oXn \S-∏n-em-°pI km[y-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m-emWv AXv km[y-am-hp∂ ]c-temIwA\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂Xv. Hcmsf h[n-®m¬ \oXn \S-Øp-tºmƒ ]c-am-h[nkm[y-am-hpI sIme-bm-fnsb h[n-°-em-Wt√m. Aßs\ LmX-Is‚IY Ign-®-Xp-sIm≠v sIm√-s∏-´-hs‚ hn[-hbv°v `¿Øm-hn-s\bpwA\m-Y-cm-hp∂ a°ƒ°v ]nXm-hn-s\bpw Xncn-®p-In-´p-I-bn-√t√m. h[n-°-s∏-´-h≥ Ccp-]-Xp-Im-cn-bpsS `¿Ømhpw \mep a°-fpsS ]nXmhpwsIme-bmfn ap∏-Ø-©p-Im-cn-bpsS `¿Ømhpw c≠p a°-fp-≈-h-\pam-sW-¶n¬ Ccp-]-Xp-Imcn, hn[-hbpw \mep a°ƒ A\m-Y-cp-am-Ip-∂-Xn\p-]-Icw ap∏-Ø-©p-Imcn hn[-hbpw c≠p a°ƒ A\m-Y-cp-am-Ip-∂XvHcn-°epw \oXn-bm-hp-I-bn√. AXn-\m¬ `qan-bnse in£m \nb-a-ßƒChnsS kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°m-\p≈ D]m[n amX-amWv. \njvIr-jvShpwIWn-i-hp-amb \oXn ChnsS km[y-a√. AXv ac-W-tijw adp-tem-I-ØmWv.

ChnsS aµ-_p-≤n-Ifpw ]Xn-`m-im-en-Ifpw tcmKn-Ifpw Btcm-Ky-hm-∑mcpw hnI-emw-Kcpw ]q¿W-Im-bcpw i‡cpw Zp¿_-ecpw ]W-°mcpw ]mh-ß-fp-sa-√m-ap≠v. ac-W-tØmsS PohnXw Ah-km-\n-°p-sa-¶n¬ Cu LS\ Xo¿Øpw A\o-Xn-]-c-hpw AXn-I-ahpw A\ym-b-hp-asX. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \¬I-s∏´ Ignhpw km[y-X-bp-a-\p-k-cn®v_m[y-X-Iƒ \n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah-bpsS ]q¿Øo-I-cW˛ ewL-\-a-\p-k-cn®v ac-W-tijw c£m˛in£-I-f-\p-`-hn-°pI-bp-am-sW-¶n¬amXta CXv \oXnbpw \ymb-hp-am-hp-I-bp≈q. ssZhw ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-

241kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Xhpw Chn-SsØ I¿a-a-\p-k-cn®v AhnsS c£m-in-£-Ifpw \n›-bn-°m-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂.

lkz-Po-hn-X-Øn\v imizX c£min£-Itfm?

""Chn-SsØ Adp-]tXm Fgp-]tXm sIm√sØ Pohn-X-Ønse]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ imiz-X-amb c£tbm in£tbm \¬Ip-∂Xv \oXn-bmtWm? ssZhw Xosc \oXn-am-\-s√-∂t√ CXp Xs∂sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv?''

I¿a-ß-fpsS ka-bhpw Ah-bpsS êhpw XΩn¬ Hcp _‘-hp-an√. Hcmsf sIm√m≥ GXm\pw \nanjw aXn. AXns‚ etam? AXn-Zo¿Lhpw AXy¥w Kpcp-X-chpw. Hcp t_mw_v h¿jn-°m≥ Hcp\nanjw aXn. AXns‚ ]Xym-Lm-Xtam? e£-ß-sftbm tImSn-I-sftbm]Xn-‰m-≠p-Itfm \q‰m-≠p-Itfm \o≠p-\n¬°pw-hn[w _m[n-°p∂p.C‚¿hyq thf-bnse tNmZy-Øn\pw DØ-c-Øn\pw \nan-j-ßtf Bh-iy-ap≈q. AtX-k-abw AXns‚ ew Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc XpS-cp∂p.]co-£-bp-sSbpw AXns‚ ê-Øn-s‚bpw ÿnXnbpw CXp-Xs∂.

Hcm-fpsS Pohn-Xm-¥y-tØmsS Abm-fpsS I¿a-^-e-ßƒ `qan-bn¬Xs∂ Xocp-I-bn√. Hcmƒ D∂-X- hn-Zym-ebw ÿm]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ kZvêw B ÿm]\w \ne-\n¬°p-thmfw XpS-cp∂p.Ahn-sS-\n∂v ]Tn-°p-∂-h¿ Bscm-s°-bmtWm Ah¿°pw Ah-cn¬\n∂v ]Tn-°p-∂-h¿°pw ]n∂oSv Ah-cn¬\n∂v ]Tn-°p-∂-h¿°pwAßs\ FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØ AXbpw t]¿°v e`n-°p∂ \∑-bp-sSbpw t\´-Øn-s‚bpw kZvêw hnZym-ebw ÿm]n® hy‡n°v e`n-°p∂p. Hcp Xn∑ Bsc-sb√mw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂pthm Ah-cp-sSbpw Ah-cn-eqsS kzm[o-\n-°s∏Sp-∂-h-cn-eq-sSbpw ]n∂oSv kzm[o-\n-°-s∏-´-h-cm¬ kzm[o-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sS-bp-sa√mw Xn∑-I-fpsS Zpjv -ehpw XpS-°-°m-c-\n-te°v sNs∂-Øp∂p. lntcm-jn-a-bnepw \mK-km-°n-bnepwt_mw_v h¿jn-®Xv Npcp-ßnb kabwsIm≠mWv. AXv krjvSn® Zpc-¥tam? C∂pw Ahn-cmaw XpS-cp∂p.

Ime-ssZ¿Lytam Bbp-kns‚ \oftam \√-hs\ sIm≈-cp-Xm-Ø-ht\m \oNs\ D¬Ir-jvSt\m B°p-I-bn√. AXn-\m¬ I¿a-ßƒs°-Sp-°p∂ ka-bhpw I¿a-^-ehpw XΩn¬ Hcp _‘-hp-an√. a\p-jy≥acn-®mepw Ahs‚ I¿a-êw Ahn-cmaw XpScpw. I¿aw \∑-bm-sW-¶n¬ kZv^-ehpw, Xn∑-bm-sW-¶n¬ Zpjv^-ehpw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂BcpsS I¿a-^-ehpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Im-eØv Xn´-s∏-Sp-ØpI km[y-a√. hnNm-c-Wbpw hn[nbpw c£m-in-£-Ifpw qan-bn¬h®v kw`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂. At∏mƒ ]c-tem-I-Ønse imiz-X-amb c£m-in-£-Iƒ°v `qan-bnse PohnX-Imew Xs∂ [mcmfw.

]ns∂ ssZh-\n-›-bhpw Ahs‚ Xocp-am-\-ß-fpsS bp‡nbpw\ymbhpw \oXn-bp-sams° Ah≥ hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-X-cmsX \ap°v a\- n-


em-I-W-sa-¶n¬ \mw ssZh-sØ-t∏m-setbm Ah-t\-°mƒ Ign-hp-‰-htcm BI-W-at√m. k¿h-i-‡\pw k¿h-⁄-\p-amb ssZh-Øns‚I¿a-ßƒ F¥p-sIm≠v Aß-s\-bmbn F∂v Ah≥ \¬Inb A¬]-⁄m-\hpw bp‡n-bpw-sIm≠v \ap°v a\- n-em-h-W-sa-∂n√. \ΩpsSssh-⁄m-\n-I-cwKw FX-sbms° hf-cp-Ibpw hnI-kn-°p-IbpwsNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶nepw Adp-\qdp tImSn a\p-jy¿°v Adnhpw t_m[hpwbp‡n-bpw \¬Inb ssZh-Øns‚ Adn-hns\ At]-£n®v AXv C∂pwXo¿Øpw AK-Wy-asX. AXp]-tbm-Kn®v kjvSm-hns‚ krjvSn-bnse\ymbhpw \oXnbpw tXSp-∂Xv \nc¿Y-I-amWv. ]Xn- m-im-en-I-fpsS I¿a-ß-fpsS bp‡nbpw \ymbhpw kmam\y _p≤n-Iƒ°v a\- n-em-hp-I-bn-√t√m; kmam-\y-_p-≤n-I-fp-tSXv aµ-_p-≤n-Iƒ°pw.

t¢mWnwKv ssZhsØ A]-k-‡-am-°p-∂nt√?

""t¢mWnw-Kn-eqsS krjvSn-I¿aw \S-Øm≥ Icp-Øp-t\-Snb imkvXwssZhsØ A]-k-‡-am-°p-I-bt√ sNøp-∂Xv?''

C√m-bva-bn¬\n∂v D≠m-°-emWv krjvSn-I¿aw. t¢mWnwKv AX√.ssZhw ChnsS krjvSn® kky-Øn-s‚tbm Pohn-bp-sStbm Awi-sa-SpØv ssZhw ]]-©-Øn¬ kwhn-[m-\n® kuI-cy-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v \S-Øp∂ ]hrØn amX-am-WXv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a\p-jy-\n-hnsS ]pXp-Xm-sbm∂pw krjvSn-°p-∂n√. D≈-hsb FSpØv ssIImcyw sNbvXvcq]-am‰w hcp-Øp-Itbm ]pXp-Xmbn ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-Itbm amXtasNøp-∂p≈q. `qan-bnse ac-sa-SpØv, Ccp-ºp-sIm-≠p-≠m-°nb BWn-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v, Ccp-ºp-sIm≠pw acw-sIm-≠p-ap≈ Dfn-bpsS klm-b-tØmsS tai-bp-≠m-°n-bm¬ AXns\ krjvSn-I¿a-ambn Bcpw hnti-jn-∏n-°p-I-bn-√t√m. AXn-\m¬, ]pXp-Xm-sbm∂pw krjvSn-°mØ a\p-jy\v ssZhsØ A]-k-‡-\m-°pI km[yta A√. Xo¿Øpw hyXy-kvXhpw hyXn-cn-‡-hp-amb apJ-`m-hhpw ssIhn-cepw Xe-ap-Snbpw c‡-hp-sams° \¬In ssZhw krjvSn® Adp-\qdp tImSn a\p-jy-cn-sem-cmƒ amX-am-Wt√m t¢mWnwKv \S-Øp∂ a\p-jy\pw.

""a\p-jy-cnse t¢mWnw-Kn-s\-°p-dn®v F¥p ]d-bp∂p?''t¢mWnw-Kn-eqsS D≠m-hp∂ a\p-jys‚ hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-ßfpw kz`m-

h-co-Xn-Ifpw Bflo-bm-h-ÿ-I-fp-sams° ]h-N-\m-Xo-Xhpw Ct∏mƒXo¿Øpw A⁄m-X-hp-asX. AXn-\m¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ kml-N-cy-Øn¬hn[n-]-d-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-cnse t¢mWnwKv Db¿Øn-tb-°m-hp∂ kmaq-ln-Ihpw [m¿an-Ihpw \nb-a-]-chpw a‰p-amb ]iv\-ßƒ Duln-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp≈q. \sΩ-t∏m-se-Øs∂ Hcm-fp-≠m-hp-IbpwAbmƒ \ΩpsS \mń¬ Xs∂-bm-hp-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ \ΩpsS mcy-amcpwIpń-Ifpw amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw _‘p-°fpw kaq-lhpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t®-°m-hp∂ ]iv\-ßfpw ]bm-k-ßfpw ]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw AXoh Kpcp-X-c-am-bn-cn°pw. At∏mƒ Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-t]mepw Akm-[y-

243kvt\l-kw-hmZw

am-tb°pw. t¢mWnwKv CØcw A]-cn-lm-cy-amb ]iv\-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ aXw AXns\ A\p-Iq-en-°p-I-bn-s√-∂Xv kphn-Zn-X-am-Wt√m.

Ah-b-h-Zm\w: Ckvem-anI ImgvN-∏mSv

""Ckvemw Ah-b-h Zm-\sØ A\p-Iq-en-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-sa-¥mWv? ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-∏n¬ am‰w hcp-Ø-em-b-Xn-\m-emtWm?''

Ah-b-h -Zm-\sØ Ckvemw A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂n-s√∂ [mcW icn-b√. Pohn-®n-cns° hr°-t]mse H∂n-e-[n-I-ap-≈Xpw H∂p Zm\wsNbvXmepw Poh≥ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xp-amb Ah-bhw Zm\wsNøp-∂-Xns\ Ckvemw Hcp \ne°pw hne-°p-∂n√. A]-Imcw Xs∂ac-W-s∏´ BfpsS Ah-bhw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v Bh-iy-ambn hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-I-fpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS am‰n-h-bv°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw Ckvemw hne-°p-∂n√. c≠pw sshZy-im-kvX-Øns‚ \qX-\- kn-≤n-I-sf∂ \ne-bn¬ Ahsb ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°nb B[p-\nICkvem-anI ]fin-X-∑m¿ A\p-Iq-en-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. Ah-b-h-ßƒhn¬°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-I-fpsS A\p-hm-Z-an-√msX arXi-co-c-Ønse Ah-b-h-ß-sf-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bp-amWv Ckvemw hne-°p-∂Xv.Ckvem-an-s\-t∏m-se-Øs∂ B[p-\nI temIsØ F√m cmPyØpwCXp c≠pw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-amWv.

ani-hn-hm-lsØ F¥p-sIm-s≠-Xn¿°p∂p?

""Ckvemw ani-hn-hm-lsØ A\p-Iq-en-°m-Ø-sX-¥p-sIm≠v? CXvXnI™ k¶p-Nn-X-Xzhpw Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp-at√?''

kaq-l-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\- L-S-I-amWv IpSpw_w. AXv cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv hnhm-l-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv. IpSpw-_-Øns‚ `Z-Xbv°v Zmº-Xy-s∏m-cpØw A\n-hm-cy-asX. AXp-≠m-h-W-sa-¶n¬ Zº-Xn-Isf Iqń-bn-W-°p∂ IÆn kvt\lhpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am-bn-cn-°Ww. Jp¿-B≥ C°mcywCßs\ hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""Ah≥ \nßƒ°p \nß-fn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂CW-Isf krjvSn-®p-X-∂Xpw ˛ Ah-cpsS km∂n-[y-Øn¬ \nßƒ°vim¥n e`n-°m-\mbn˛ \nßƒ°n-S-bn¬ kvt\lhpw Imcp-Wyhpw D≠m-°n-Ø-∂Xpw A√m-lp-hns‚ ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fn¬ s]´-XmWv. \n›bw,Nn¥n-°p∂ P\-Øn\v CXn¬ \nc-h[n ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fp≠v''(Jp¿-B≥30: 21).

kvt\l-_‘w kpZr-V-am-h-W-sa-¶n¬ BZ¿ssiIyw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. Hcp Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-c\v tIm¨K- p-Im-c-\mb ktlm-Z-c-t\-°mƒASp-∏hpw D‰ Bfl-_-‘-hp-ap-≠m-hpI Xs‚ Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-c-\mbkplr-Øn-t\m-Sm-bn-cn°pw. tIm¨K- p-Im-c-s‚bpw _n.sP.]n.°m-c-s‚-bp-sams° ÿnXnbpw CXp-Xs∂. Ie-h-d-bn-√msX cl-ky-ßƒssIam-dm\pw Icp-Xn-h-bv]n-√msX Bflm¿Yhpw Dujva-f-hp-ambkvt\l-_‘w ÿm]n-°m\pw BZ¿i-s∏m-cpØw IqSntb Xocq. KWn-


X-im-kvX-Øn¬ H∂pw H∂pw tN¿∂m¬ c≠m-W-t√m. F∂m¬Ckvemw hn`m-h\ sNøp∂ Zmº-Xy-tem-IØv AXv "CΩnWn henbH∂m'Wv. Jp¿ -B≥ ]d -bp∂p: ""kv XoIƒ ]pcp -j -∑m¿°vhkvXamIp∂p. ]pcp-j-∑m¿ kvXoIƒ°pw hkvX-am-Ip-∂p.''(2: 187)""\nßƒ ]c-kv]cw Cgp-In-°-gn-™-h-csX.''(4: 21)

c≠v ]hm-l-ßƒ tN¿∂v H∂mbn amdp-∂-t]mse c≠mƒ tN¿∂vH∂mbn amdn Iq´mbn Pohn-°p∂ AXn-a-l-Ø-chpw A\n¿h-N-\o-b-hp-amb H∂m-Wt√m ZmºXyw. hnizmk, ho£W, BNmc, Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬ sshhn-[yhpw sshcp-[y-hp-ap-≈-h¿ tN¿∂p-≠m-hp∂ZmºXyw `Ztam Dujva-ftam Bhp-I-bn√. Akp-J-I-c-amb Ah-ÿbv°pw A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb ]cn-W-Xn-°p-amWv AXv hgn-h-bv°pI.

Xm≥ kzoI-cn-®w-Ko-I-cn® BZ¿i-amWv Cl-]-c- hn-P-b-Øns‚ am¿K-sa∂pw ]c-a-amb kXy-sa∂pw hniz-kn-°p∂ kXy-k-‘-XbpwBflm¿Y-X-bp-ap≈ GsXm-cmfpw Xs‚ a°fpw ]n≥ap-d-°mcpw AXns‚h‡m-°fpw ]tbm-‡m-°-fp-am-I-W-sa∂v BK-ln-°pI A\n-hm-cy-asX. kz¥-°mcpw k¥m-\-ßfpw Xs∂-t∏mse Bh-W-sa-¶n¬PohnX ]¶m-fnbpw AtX BZ¿i- hn-izm-ksØ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-IWw. AXn-\m¬ Zmº-Xy- `-Z-Xbv°pw IpSpw-_-Øns‚ sI´p-d-∏n\pw ]n≥ap-d-°m-cpsS BZ¿i -]-Xn-_-≤-Xbv°pw CW-Iƒ°n-S-bnseBZ¿ssiIyw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. ani-hn-hm-l-Øn¬ AXp-≠m-hn-s√-∂Xvkphn-Zn-X-am-Wt√m. Ckvemw AXns\ AwKo-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs∂.

245kvt\l-kw-hmZw

D]-kw-lmcw]nb-ap-≈-h-tc,

temI-sa-ßp-sa-∂-t]mse ChnsS \ΩpsS \mńepw alm- `q-cn-]-£-hpw Cuizc hnizm-kn-I-fm-Wv. Cu ]]-©-sØbpw AXn-ep≈kI-e-Xn-s\bpw krjvSn-®Xpw kwc-£n-°p-∂Xpw ssZh-am-sW∂v \mwDd®p hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Cu temI-Øn-s‚bpw AXnse Hmtcm AWp-hn-s‚bpw ]n∂n¬ AXy-Zv`p-X-I-c-amb Bkq-X-Whpw AXn-hn-Z-Kv[-amb kwhn-[m-\hpw D≈-Xmbn \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂p. a\pjy [nj-W-bpsS kIe k¶¬]-ßƒ°pw AXo-X-ambn Cu ]]©w Hcpalm-hn-kva-b-ambn \ΩpsS apºn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. CXns‚ ]n∂nseal-»-‡nsb Al-¥-bm¬ A‘X _m[n-°m-Ø-h-scms° AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. A\m-Zy\pw A\-¥y\pw Acq-]nbpw AZr-iy\pw k¿h-⁄\pw k¿h-i-‡-\p-amb B kjvSm-hns\ kw_-‘n® t_m[wBZna a\p-jy≥ sXmńt∂ hsc F∂pw Fhn-sSbpw \ne-\n∂pt]m∂n-´p-≠v.

kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-\p-amb ssZhw Xs∂-bm-Wt√m \ΩpsSkm£m¬ DS-a-ÿ\pw bP-am-\-\pw. as‰√m hkvXp-°-sfbpw t]mse\mapw Ahs‚ \n›-bhpw \nb-a-hp-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv Cu temIØv P≥a-sa-Sp-Ø-Xv.

kqcy≥ ssZhw \n¿W-bn® \nbX \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v AXns‚ \ntbm-Kw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p. Nµ\pw \£-X-ßfpw Im‰pw agbpw CSnbpw an∂-ep-sa√mw A∆n[w Xs∂. ]£n-Ifpw arK-ßfpw Pe-Po-hn-Ifpw Cg-Po-hn-Ifpw kky-ßfpw ]mWn-I-fp-sams° ]]-©-\m-Y-\mb ssZhw \n›-bn® ]-Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ßsf ]q¿W-ambpw ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p. AXn-\m-e-h-sb√mwssZhnI hyh-ÿ-b-\p-k-cn-®mWv AY-hm Ckvem-am-bmWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. ssZhn-I- \n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn-°-em-Wt√m Ckvemw F∂p ]d-bp-I.AX-\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h≥ apkven-apw. AXn-\m¬ \mapw Cu ]]-©-L-S-\-tbmSv s]mcp-Ø-s∏´v ]Ir-Xn-tbmSv XmZmflyw ]m]n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ apgp-Po-hn-X-ta-J-e-I-fnepw ssZhnI Pohn-X-hy-hÿ- kzoI-cn-°pIbpw ]men-°p-Ibpw thWw.

ssZh-amWv \ΩpsS kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-\p-sa∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p∂


Ghcpw \ΩpsS PohnXw F∆n-[-am-h-W-sa∂v Ah≥ \n¿tZ-in-®n-´pt≠m F∂v At\z-jn-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. AØ-c-sam-c-t\z-jWwssZh-Zq-X≥am-sc-°p-dn®pw Ah-cn-eqsS e`y-amb Znhy-k-tµ-i-ßsfkw_-‘n®pw hy‡-amb Adnhv \¬Im-Xn-cn-°n-√.

ssZhw Xs‚ ZqX≥am-cn-eqsS am\-h-k-aq-l-Øn\v ka¿∏n®kºq¿-Wamb Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv aXw. F√m aXhpw auen-I-am-bn- H-∂p-Xs∂bmbn-cp-∂p. ssZhw GI-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ Ah-\n¬\n∂pe`y-amb aXhpw GI-am-hpI A\n-hm-cy-am-W-t√m, F∂n´pw C∂v H∂n-tesd aX-ßƒ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah-bv°n-S-bn¬ hy‡-amb hyXym-k-ßfpw sshcp-[y-ßfpap≠v. a\p-jy-cpsS ssII-S-Ø-ep-Ifpw shń-®p-cp-°-ep-Ifpw Iqń-t®¿°-ep-I-fp-am-Wn-Xn\p Imc-Ww. AXn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ GI-\mb ]]-©-\m-Y-\n¬\n∂v Ah-Xo¿W-amb aX-Øn¬ ]c-kv]c hyXym-k-ßtfm `n∂-X-Itfm ImW-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy-cpsS CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬\n∂pw shń-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Iqń-t®¿°-ep-I-fn¬\n∂pw Xo¿Øpw tamNn-X-am-b,ssZhw Xs‚ ktµi hml-I-\n -eqsS \¬Inb t]mse \ne-\n¬°p∂ aXhpw thZ-K-Ÿhpw GsX∂v At\z-jn-°m\pw ]Tn-°m\pw \mw _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. AØ-c-samcp ]T\w Bbn-c-Øn-\m-\q-dn-tesd h¿jw apºv apl-ΩZv \_n-bn-eqsS Ah-Xo¿W-amb ssZhnIPohn-X-hy-h-ÿsb Is≠-Øm≥ Imc-W-am-Ip-sa∂v hn\o-X-ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

Ckvemw GsX-¶nepw PmXn-°m-cpsStbm tZi-°m-cp-sStbm `mj-°m-cp-sStbm Ime-°m-cp-sStbm aX-a-√. kqcy-]-Im-iw-t]m-se, Nµs‚]q\n-em-hp-t]m-se, hmbp-t]m-se, sh≈w-t]mse apgp-h≥ a\p-jy¿°pwAh-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. am\-h-k-aq-l-Øn\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ al-ØmbA\p-K-l-am-Wv. \ap°v Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw Bbp pw Btcm-Kyhpw\¬Inb \ΩpsS \mYs‚ Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ \msams° Xpeym-h-Im-in-I-fm-Wv. AXns‚ kzoI-c-Whpw \ncm-I-c-W-hp-a-\p-k-cn-®m-Wt√m\ΩpsS ]c-temI Pohn-X-Ønse Pbm-]-P-b-ßfpw c£m-in-£-I-fpw.

Cu IrXn-bnse tNmZy-ßƒ°p≈ adp-]Sn ]q¿Whpw A¥n-a-hp-am-sW∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. ]cn-an-X-amb Adn-hns‚bpw Nn¥-bp-sSbpw]cn-[n-bn¬\n-∂p-sIm≠v \¬I-s∏-´-h-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ IqSp-X¬ ]am-W-bp-‡hpw bp‡n-`-Z-hp-amb adp-]-Sn°p [mcmfw km[y-X-I-fp-≠v. F¶n-epw h¿K-˛-h¿W-˛-tZ-i-˛-`mjm sshPm-Xy-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn am\h kaq-l-Øn\v ssZhw \¬Inb PohnX hyh-ÿ-bmb Ckvem-ans\ kmam-\y-ambn a\- n-em-°m\pw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw Cu IrXn Ipd-s®ms°klm-b-I-am-bncn°p-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. klr-Z-b-cmb hmb-\-°m¿°vCXv Pohn-X-hn-P-b-Øn∂v hgn-Im-Wn-°p∂ shfn-®-am-bn-Øo-cp-am-dm-h-s´.\ΩpsS \mY-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ kXy-ip-≤-amb ]mX Is≠Øn AXp]n¥p-S¿∂v Ccp- tem-IØpw hnPbw hcn-°m≥ Ah≥ \sΩtbh-scbpwA\p-K-ln-°p-am-dm-h-s´.

!

247kvt\l-kw-hmZw

Imew BK-ln-°p∂ DXvIrjvS IrXn

hmWn-Zmkv Ff-bm-hqcv

Pmln-enøm Ime-Øns‚ Ccp≠ A¥-co-£-Øn-emWv Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS ]nd-hn. AhnsS AsXmcp \h-\m-K-cn-I-X-bpsS ]Ir-X-a-Wn-™p. BZy-amZyw aµ-ambpw ]ns∂-]ns∂ NSp-e-hp-am-bn-cp∂p AXns‚]km-c-Ww. AXv ]e-cp-sSbpw kzmÿyw sISp-Øn. ]Xn-tj[w i‡hpwhym]-I-hp-ambn. skan-‰nIv aX Xe-ß-fn¬\n-∂p-t]mepw FXn¿∏ns‚ Ip¥-ap-\-Iƒ \o≠p. Ime-tasd ]n∂nSpw apsº temI-P-\-X-bn¬ i‡-ambkzm[o-\-ambn Ckvemw apt∂-dn. Ak-ln-jvWp-X-sIm-≠mhmw ]m›mXy\mK-cnIX kXy-th-ZsØ kt_m[w hnIr-X-h¬°-cn-®p-Xp-S-ßn. Ckvemwhnizm-kn-IƒXs∂ [¿a-]-Y-Øn¬\n∂v Gsd AI-∂p-t]m-bn. tIh-e-ambhnizm-k-Øn-eq-∂nbpw kz¥w Xm¬]cy kwc-£-W-Øn-\-\p-Kp-W-ambpwCkvem-an-Im-i-b-ßsf hymJym-\n®pw Ah-sc-gp-Xn. c≠p t]cp-sSbpw cN-\-I-fn¬ \n∂v kXyw Gsd AI-se-bmbn. AXp-sIm≠v kXy-ip-≤-ambZ¿i-\-km-c-apƒs°m-≈m≥ Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v km[n-°msX h∂p. CXns‚ê-ambn Ckvemw sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-´p.

Ckvemw AXns‚ ]mZp¿`m-h-Imew sXmt´ AXy¥w cN-\m-fl-I-am-bn-cp-∂p; k¿K-hn-π-hm-fl-I-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ a[yIme- I-Ym-Xewac-hn-∏n-t‚-Xmbn amdn. A¿Y-a-dn-bmsX HmXn-°q-´p-∂-Xn¬ kmbqPywsIm≠ A]-Iz-a-Xn-Iƒ apX¬ kt_m[w Ckvem-ans\ CI-gvØn-°m-´m-\n-d-ßnb Ip¬kn-X-_p-≤n-Iƒ hsc Cu Zpc-h-ÿ°v Imc-W-°m-cm-bn.Ak-ln-jvWp-°-fpsS kt_m-[-amb ]Nm-c-W-i-a-ßfpw apkvenw kaqlwXs∂ BN-cW cwKØv kXy-th-Z-tØmSv ImWn-®p-t]m∂ A\y-Xm-XzhpwCXn\v i‡n ]I¿∂p.

kqd-Øp¬ ^mØn-l-bnse ""\n\°p amXw Rßƒ C_m-ZØvsNøp∂p'' F∂ hmIyw AXyp-Zm-Ø-am-sW-¶nepw Bcp-sS-sb√mw ap∂n¬kXy-th-Z -hn-izm-kn-Iƒ ChnsS Xe-Ip-\n-°p∂p! H∂ns\ ]c-am-h[n _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ ap∂n¬ ]c-am-h[n hn\-bhpw Xmgv®bpw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-XmWv C_m-Z-sØ-¶n¬, AXns‚ A¥- mcwB hnti-jm-cm-[\ A√m-lp-hn\v amX-amWv F∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬, kq£vam¿-

A\p-_‘w 1


Y-Øn¬ hnizmk Xoh-X-bnepw hnip-≤n-bnepw kXy-th-Z -hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°vka-io¿j-cmbn ChnsS Bsc-¶n-ep-ap≠mIptam? hn]-£n-I-fpsS Ip¬knXia-ßsf IdpØ \mfp-I-fn¬ kXy-Øns‚ Pzmem-ap-J-ap-b¿-Øn-°m-´m≥kt_m-[-amb k^-e-amb ia-hp-an-hn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-√. \∑ sNøp-I-bmWv"XJvh'sb¶n¬, Xn∑sb AXn-P-bn-°p-I-bmWv "PnlmsZ'¶n¬, Ch c≠p-amWv Ckvem-an-Im-Z¿i-ß-fpsS lrZ-b-`m-h-sa-¶n¬, AXv kaq-l-a-[yØnepw temI i≤-bnepw ka¿∏n-°m≥ "P∑-_m-[yX'bp≈apk¬am≥am¿°p-t]mepw Ign-bmsX t]mbn F∂-XmWv kXyw.

GI-ssZ-h -hn-izm-khpw ka-krjvSn kvt\l-hp-amWv CkvemwDu∂p∂ _en-jvT-ß-fmb inem-X-e-ßƒ. hnNnXw F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®m¬ t]mcm, hnkva-b-ß-fpsS hnf-`q-an-bmWv ]]-©w. GXv hkvXpshNq≠nbpw Imc-W-a-t\z-jn-°p∂ a\p-jy≥ F√m hkvXp-°-sfbpw ]Xn-`m-k-ß-sfbpw t\m°n au\-ap-Zn-X-amb Np≠p-I-tfmsS hnc¬ Nq≠p-s∂m-cn-S-ap-≠v, Hcu-∂-Xy-ap-≠v. Imc-W-ß-fm-h-iy-an-√mØ Hcp alm-i‡nÿm\-am-W-Xv. kakvX kwi-b-ß-fp-a-I-∂, kI-em-t\z-j-W-iaßfpwhn -e-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ B i‡n-ÿm\w ]]-©-Øn-\p-]-cn-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww.]Zm¿Ym-Xo-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. kI-e-am\ ]Xn- m-k-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm\ImcWw ssZh-am-Wv. ssZh-hn-c-Nn-X-amb ]]-©sØ t\m°n "A\¥wA⁄mXw Ah¿W-\obw' F∂v hnkvabw Iqdn\n¬°p∂ a\p-jy≥kXy-Øn¬ FX sNdp-XmWv! B \n m-c-Xbpw Ahs‚ ap∂nse ssZh-Øns‚ k¿h-km-c-Xz-hp-amWv Ejn-h-cy-\mb AeIvkn Imtd¬ Xs‚hnip-X-amb Man the unknown F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ A\m-h-cWw sNøp-∂Xv.\nkm-c-X-bp-sS a\p-jy\pw \nJne kmcm-fl-amb ssZhhpw XΩn-ep≈_‘-Øns‚ mjy-amWv aXw. aX-Øns‚ hmKvcq]w thZ-hpw. Cusbmcphnti-jm-ib ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬\n-∂p-sIm-≠mWv Ckvem-anI kmln-Xy-c-N-\m-cw-KsØ e_v[-]-Xn-jvT-\mb ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-Ip-∂ns‚"ssZhw, aXw, thZw: kvt\l-kw-hmZw' F∂ KŸsØ Rm≥ ImWp-∂-Xv. ssZh-k-Ø-sb-°p-dn®v kz¥-amb Fs¥-¶nepw \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øm≥t]mcpw hn[-a√ a\p-jy-_p≤n kwhn-[m\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv. AØ-c-sam-c-h-ÿ-bn¬ ssZhnI kØ-sb-°p-dn®v ssZhw Xs∂ shfn-s∏-SpØnF∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°pI amXta \ap°v Ic-Wo-b-am-bn-´p-≈q. Jp¿-B\pw \_n-h-N-\-ßfpw A√m-lp-hn-s\-∏‰n ]d™hkvXp-X-Iƒ kzoI-cn®v \ΩpsS hnNm-c-N-j-I-Øn-en´v hn«-Y\w km[n-°p-Ibpw hsø∂ ÿm\-sØ-Øp-tºmƒ AhnsS \n¿Øn "AXv A√m-lp-hn-\-dnbmw' F∂p-amXw hn\-b-]p-c- cw Bfl-KXw sNøp-IbpwsNøp∂ ]q¿h kqcn-I-fpsS hgn-bn¬\n∂v kz¬]w amdn-bmWv KŸ-Im-c≥ \ΩpsS ap∂n¬ \n¬°p-∂-Xv. a\-\hpw At\z-j-Whpw hgn \bn-°p∂ \nc-¶p-i-amb \nK-a-\-amWv KŸ-Im-cs‚ khn-ti-j-X. \m¬]XvA[ym-b-ß-fn-embn ]S¿∂p-In-S-°p∂ hnNmc hni-I-e\w hnI-e-[m-c-W-Isf ]ngp-sX-dn-bm≥ t]mcpw-hn[w bp‡n- -Zhpw sXfn-hp-‰-Xp-a-tX. BJym-\-X-e-Ønse emfn-Xyhpw EPp-Xzhpw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t]mcp∂ HcpDZm-l-c-W-ap-∂-bn-°s´: ""a\p-jy\v kzbw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ kzmX-¥yhpw

249kvt\l-kw-hmZw

km[y-Xbpw e`n® Pohn-X-ta-J-e-I-fn¬, ssZhw \n›-bn® hyh-ÿ°vhnt[-b-am-bn, Ah≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-X∂ Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-°-\p-kr-X-ambnPohn-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv Ckvemw F∂p ]d-bp-I. Aßs\ Pohn-°p-∂-h¿amX-amWv apkvenw-Iƒ.''(t]Pv 15)

IA-v_-bnse IrjvW inem-^-e-IsØ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ Xqen-Im-kvJ-enXw sIm≠p-amhmw Nne KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿, Bcm-[y-X-bpsS ]cn-th-j-a-Wn-bn®v ImWm-dp-≠v. Ckvem-anI Zm¿i-\n-I-coXym AXvA£-¥-hyhpw A\p-Nn-Xhp-am-sW∂v \ma-dn-bp-∂p. ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ ]WnXtZhm-e-b-Øns‚ `mK-sa∂ Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]m[m\yw B IdpØ I√n-\p-s≠-¶nepw B I√n\v tIhew IA-v_sb ]Z-£nWw sNøm≥ XpS-ßp∂ CSw F∂-Xn¬ Ihn™ ]m[m-\y-sam-∂p-an-s√∂v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m≥ t]mepw KŸ-Im-c≥ ad-∂n-√. _lpXzw AYhm sshNn-Xy-amWv]Zm¿Y-]-]-©-Øns‚ apJ-]-Ir-Xw. ]]-©m-Xo-X-amb ssZhnI kØ-bpsS AYhm A√m-lp-hns‚ \nb-X-]-IrXw GI-Xzhpw. Cu GI-Xzhpw]cm-ib \nc-t]-£-Xbpw AXoh kw£n-]vX-ambn ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n- p≈ Jp¿-B-\nse kqd-Øp¬ CJvem-knse k¶o¿Wm-i-bsØ kc-f-kp-µ-c-ambnA\p-hm-NI a\- p-I-fn¬ ]mIn-ap-f-∏n-°m≥ KŸ-Im-c≥ ImWn® Ic-hn-cpXv «mL-\o-b-a-sX.

AssZz-XsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp tNmZy-Øn\v \¬In-°≠ adp-]Sn Gsd lrZyhpw bp‡n-`-Z-hp-ambn tXm∂n. thZ-ßfpw D]-\n-jXvhmIy-ß-fpsS ka-\z-b-cq-]-amb _“-kq-Xhpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse_lvaw AYhm Cuiz-c≥ As√-¶n¬ A√m-lp-hmWv ]]-©-sØbpwAXn-ep-≈-h-sbbpw krjvSn-®-sX∂pw Cu temIw anYytbm F∂m¬]c-am¿YnI bmYm¿Yytam As√∂pw ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-bmb £WnIbmYm¿Yy-am-sW∂pw ImWp∂ Ckvemw AssZzXsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-s√∂v KŸ-Im-c≥ hmZn-°p-tºmƒ, Ckvem-ans‚ kXy-ip-≤-amb apJwI≠-dn-bm\pw AXns\ AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw ⁄m\-hn-]m-kp-hmb Hcmƒ°vkm[n-°p-∂p. thZ-ßƒ°pw Hu]-\nj-Zn-I-amb alm-⁄m-\-Øn\pwAXns‚ A¿Yo-IrX ]Ir-Xhpw _mZ-cm-b-W-Ir-X-hp-amb _“-kq-X-Øn\pw \nc-°m-Ø-XmWv AssZz-X-Øns‚ A¥- m-c-sa∂v i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cpsSbpw Kpcp-hmb tKmhn-µ-km-Z-cp-sSbpw BNm-cy-\mb KuV-]m-Z¿ Xs‚]I-c-W-KŸ N¿®m thf-bn¬ _u≤-k-\ym-kn-am-tcmSv Xpd∂pkΩ-Xn-°p-I-bp-≠m-sb-∂p-t]mepw Xs‚ ka¿Y\ thf-bn¬ KŸ-I¿Ømhv D≤-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥, hmKv`-Sm-\-µ≥, Ac-hn-µ-tLmjvXpS-ßnb ]finX ]Xn-`-Isf \nc-Øn-bmWv KŸ-Im-c≥ Xs‚ hmZ-ap-J-a-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv F∂-Xn-\m¬ kwi-b-\n-hm-c-W-Øn\v ]mam-Wn-I-X-bpsS ]cn-thjw IqSn ssIh-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

C∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]p\¿hm-b-\°v hnt[-b-am-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ a[p-chpw shfn-®hpw apsºm-cn-°-ep-ap-≠m-bn-ń-√mØ hn[w Aap-kvenw-I-sf-t∏mepw BI¿jn®p XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hnI-e-[m-c-W-Iƒ Xncp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Zm¿i-\nI kuµcyw Bkz-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ÿnXn-hn-tijw kwPm-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ thWw


"tIcf Ub-temKv sk‚¿' ]km-[\w sNbvX ]Ir-X-KŸw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sm≥. hnizm-km-h-ew-_n-X-amb aX-Øns‚ thZn-bn¬ kwhmZwkm[m-c-W-a-√. aX-]-fin-X-∑m¿ ÿm]-\-h¬°-cn-°-s∏´ \nbX am¿K-Øn-eqsS thZ-K-Ÿ-ßsf hymJym-\n®v ]N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv aX-k-Z- p-I-fnse ]Xnhv; kzX-¥-Nn¥ AhnsS \ndw Nm¿Øm-s\-Øm-dn-√. aX-hn-izm-khpw [mc-W-Ifpw A]-am-Zn-Xz-a-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ "tUmKva'Ifmbn amX-an-hnsS h¿Øn-°p-∂p. s]mSn-sI-ń-°n-S-°p-Ibpw A\yYm hymJym-\n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-I-gn™ kXy-thZ ]Y-Øn¬kvt\l-]-cn-th-j-a-Wn™ kzX-¥ -kw-hm-Z-hp-ambn IS-∂p-h-cp∂ "Ub-temKv sk‚¿' Xs∂ «mL-\o-b-am-Wv. Ckvem-an-Im-ib ]Nm-cW-cw-KØvkph¿tW-Xn-lmkw cNn-®p-t]m-cp∂ "Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukn's‚I¿a-im-e-bn¬\n∂p Xs∂-bmWv Cu KŸ-in¬]hpw cq]-a-Wn-™-Xv.

hnhn[ aX-k-ap-Zm-b-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ henb AI¬®bpw XnI™A⁄-Xbpw Kpcp-X-c-amb sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Ifpw \ne-\n¬°m-\p≈ Imc-W-ß-fn-sem∂v kwhmZ cwK-ß-fpsS \niq-\y-X-bm-Wv. AXv ]cn-l-cn-°m-\mbnkvt\l-Ønepw ]c-kv]c kl-I-c-W-Ønepw kulr-Z-Ønepw KpW-Imw-£-bnepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb apJm-ap-J-ßfpw N¿®-Ifpw skan-\m-dp-Ifpwknwt]m-kn-b-ßfpw kwhm-Z-ßfpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°m\pw DØ-a- K-Ÿ-ßƒXøm-dm-°m-\p-amWv "Ub-temKv sk‚¿' hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂-Xv. ^©p-hn-π-h-Øn\v P\-a-\- p-Isf k÷-am-°p-∂-Xn\v hmƒ -b-dpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬For the Revolution ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Iogn¬ \S∂ ]Nm-cW cwKsØka¿Yhpw kI-e-X-e -kv]¿in-bp-amb ]h¿Ø-t\-Xn-lm-k-Øn\v kam-\-am-Wn-sX∂v F\n°v tXm∂n-bn-´p-≠v. A°m-e-Ø-hnsS apg-ßn-t°´"ChnsS Ncn-X-am-cw- n-°p∂p' F∂ apZm-hm-Iyhpw kvacn-°p-∂p. Ign™14 \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ime-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn¬, tIc-f-Øn-en-t∂mfw CXn\p kZr-iy-amb as‰mcp iaw \S-∂n-ń-√. hfsc Bkq-Xn-X-amb Hcp hnip≤I¿a-]-≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-am-Wn-Xv.

]e Imc-W-ß-fmepw sXfn®w t]mbn, shfn®w sI´v hnIrX apJ-ambn°nS-°p∂ Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS taJ-e-bn¬ t\cns‚ sXfn-sh-fn-®-hp-ambn IS-∂p-h-cp∂ Cu ]Imiw km[n-°p∂ ZuXyw A\¬]-am-Wv. Ckvem-anI kwkvIr-Xnsb i‡hpw ip≤hpw ]q¿thm-]cn cN-

\m-fl-I-hp-am-°m-\p≈ iaw ChnsSbmcw-`n-°p-∂p.

251kvt\l-kw-hmZw

kwkvIrXn ]q°p-tºmƒ

C_vdmlow t_hn©

"F√mw ]q°p-∂p, Imbv°p-∂p, F√m-‰n\pw hf-°q-dp-‰-Xn-∂new' F∂hcn H.-F≥.-hn. Ipdp-∏n-s‚-Xm-Wv. Ipń-bpsS tNmdqÏ¿aw \S-Øm-\mbnXncp-\m-hmbv°v t]mIth timXrXS-Øn¬ hoW thZ-h-N-\-ß-fp-sSbpwHmØns‚bpw i_vZ-ßƒ a\- n-ep-W¿Ønb kuµ-cy-`m-h-Øn-em-a-·-\m-bn-´mWv Ihn Cu hcn-Iƒ Ipdn-®-Xv. aX-ßfpw kwkvIr-Xn-Ifpw hf-°q-tdmsS hf-cp-Ibpw Ah-sb√mw ]q°p-Ibpw Imbv°p-Ibpw sNbvX Ncn-Xw \ΩpsS \mSn-\p-≠v. A∂mWv CS-t»cn F∂ Ihn "Iq´p-Irjn' F∂\mS-Ihpw "Ckvem-anse h∑e' F∂ Ihn-Xbpw Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. AØcwIY-Ifpw t\mh-ep-Ifpw Ihn-X-Ifpw [mcm-f-ambn A∂p-≠mbn. ]e saøp-Ifpw Hcp a\- p-ambn Hcn-°¬ Chn-SsØ aX-hn-`m-K-ßƒ Ign-™p-Iq-Snb Imew. ]ns∂bmWv hn`mKo-b-X-bp-sSbpw I\Ø sX‰p[mc-W-I-fp-sSbpw hnj-°m-‰p-Iƒ h∂v a\p-jy¿ AI-∂p-Xp-S-ßn-bXv. h¿Ko-b-X-bpsShnjw Ct∏mƒ AWp-t_mw_v IWs° C¥y≥ kaq-lPohn-XsØ amc-I-ambn \in-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. Imfn-a-tb-dnb Cu hnj-hm-XsØ XpS-®p-\o-°m-\p≈ \s√mcp hgn aX-ß-sfbpw kwkvIr-Xn-I-sfbpw ASp-Ø-dn-bpIF∂-Xm-Wv. hnizm-kntbm A√m-Ø-ht\m Bh-s´, F√m `mc-Xo-b\pwkz¥w aX-sØbpw A\y-a-X-sØbpw Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-®-dn-tb-≠Xv C¥y-bpsS `Z-amb \ne-\n¬]ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\- L-S-I-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.aX-ßsf Adn-tb-≠Xpt]mse Adn-™m¬ Ah¿ AI-ep-I-b√, \t∂ASpØv \n¬°p-I-bmWv sNøp-I. At\ym\yw ASp-Ø-dn-b-ens‚ A`m-h-Øn-emWv hn]-Øns‚ hnØp-Iƒ hf-cp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ aX-kw-hm-Z-ßƒ Ime-Øns‚ AXn-]-[m-\-amb Bh-iy-I-X-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.kvt\l-Ønepw kl-I-c-W-Ønepw kulm¿Z-Ønepw KpW-Imw-£-bnepwA[n-jvTn-X-amb kvt\l-kw-hm-Z-ßƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ XΩn¬ \S-Øp-∂-tXmsS Hcp-a-bpsS kwKoXw Db-cpw. Adn-hns‚ \h-cm-K-ßƒ ]S-cpw. CuNn¥-Iƒ a\- n-eq-ń-bp-d-∏n-°p∂ Hcp KŸ-amWv ssiJv apl-ΩZvImcIp∂ns‚ "ssZhw, aXw, thZw: kvt\l-kw-hm-Zw'. tIc-f-Øns‚ hnhn-

A\p-_‘w 2


[ `mK-ß-fn¬ Ckvem-ans\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mbn \S∂ "kvt\l-kw-hmZw' ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ apkvenw-Ifpw CXc aX-ÿcpw D∂bn® tNmZy-ß-fp-sSbpw Ahbv°v \¬I-s∏´ Huj-[-k-am-\mb DØ-c-ß-fp-sSbpw kam-lm-c-am-Wn-Xv.

Nn¥m-io-e-\mb GXv hy‡n-bp-sSbpw D≈nepb-cp∂ At\IwtNmZy-ß-fp-≠v qan-bnse Xs‚ PohnXapb¿Øp∂ tNmZy-ßƒ. Xm\m-cm-sW∂pw Xms\-hn-sS-\n∂p hcp-∂p-sh∂pw Xms\-tßm´v t]mIp-∂p-sh∂pw Xs‚ Pohn-X-sa-ßs\ Ia-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw e`y-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ A¿Yhpw A\¿Y-hp-sa-¥m-sW-∂p-ap≈ tNmZy-ßƒ. GXv a\- n-s\bpw Akz-ÿ-am-°p∂ Cu tNmZy-ßƒ°v Hmtcm ImeØpw HmtcmBNm-cy-∑m¿ Ah-cp-tS-Xmb adp-]Sn \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. B DØ-c-ß-fn¬NneXv Xr]vXn-I-chpw a‰p NneXv AXr-]vXn-I-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. B DØ-c-ß-fn¬ \ns∂√mw ho≠pw tNmZy-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ Nn¥m-io-es‚ a\ v ho≠pw Akz-ÿ-am-hp-∂p. At∏mƒ G‰hpw bp‡n-k-lhpwkp- -Z-hp-amb DØ-c-taXv F∂ At\z-j-W-Øn-te°v a\ v IpXn-°p∂p.AØ-c-samcp At\z-j-W-Øn¬\n∂pw e`n-°p∂ DØ-c-ß-fmWv "ssZhw,aXw, thZw: kvt\l-kw-hm-Zw.' Pohn-XsØ \nc-¥-c-ambn bp‡n-]q¿hwtNmZyw sNøp∂ a\- p-Iƒ°v Ckvemw \¬Ip∂ DØ-c-ß-fm-Ip∂pCu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ kam-l-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu DØ-c-ß-fm-Is´ GXv_p≤n-Po-hn-bp-sSbpw a\- n¬ im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw \nd-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-hpam-Wv. Cu DØ-c-ß-tfmSv hntbm-Pn-°p-∂-h¿ t]mepw KŸ-Im-cs‚kao-]-\-ß-fn-sebpw Ah-X-c-W-Ønsebpw ku-µ-cyhpw bp‡nbpw AwKo-I-cn-°pI Xs∂ sNøpw. aXw,- ssZ-hw, thZw, ]c-tem-Iw, hnK-lm-cm-[-\, ]p\¿P-∑w, AssZz-Xw, ssZhm-h-Xm-cw, ]cn-Wma kn≤m¥w, hn[n-hn-izm-kw, kvXo˛]pcpj kaXzw XpSßn F°m-e-sØbpw a\p-jysc Nn¥n-∏n-®, Ah-cn¬ tNmZy-i-Xm-h-en-I-fp-≠m-°nb ]iv\-ßƒs°√mw Ckvem-an-I-amb adp-]-Sn-Iƒ Cu Ir-Xn-bn-eqsS e`n-°p-tºmƒ Hcp Pohn-X-]-≤-Xn-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ Ckvem-ans‚ kuµcyw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ km[n-°p-∂p.

Cu Xncn-®-dnhv C¥y≥ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ kp]-[m-\-am-Wv. Ckvem-an-s\-t∏mse sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏´ aXw thsd-bn-s√∂v kpa-\- p-I-fmb CXcaX-_p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ t\c-sØ Xs∂ Nq≠n-°m- n-bn- p-≠v. hmfn-s‚bpw bp≤-Øn-s‚bpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw Ahn-Zy-bp-sSbpw Abp-‡n-bp-sSbpw Akp-µ-c-X-bp-sSbpw aX-am-bn-´mWv CXc aX-ß-fnse hnZym-k-º-∂¿ t]mepw Ckvem-ans\ I≠n-´p-≈-Xv. AØ-c-°m¿ Xs∂ kvt\l-kw-hmZ ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn-se-Øp-Ibpw Ah-cp-sS-bp-≈n-ep≈ tNmZy-ß-sf√mwD∂-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bvs°√mw tNtXm-l-c-ß-fmb DØ-c-ßƒ e`y-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ im¥hpw kpµ-c-hp-am-Ip-∂Xv apkvenw-I-fpsS amX-a-√, kwi-bn-°p-Ibpw sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cpsS a\- p-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. ]pXnb a\p-jycpw ]pXnb kaq-lhpw ]pXnb cmjvShpw cq]-s∏-

Sm≥ CXv klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p.

C¥y-bn-sebpw tIc-f-Øn-sebpw apkvenw-I-fn¬ Nne¿ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ ZpxJ-ß-fn-sem∂v Ah¿°v kz¥w aXsØbpw Z¿i-\-sØbpw

253kvt\l-kw-hmZw

DNn-X-amw-hn-[-Øn¬ Adn-bm≥ km[n-®n- n-s√-∂-Xm-Wv. AdnhpIfpsS ]pXp-\q-‰m-≠n¬ Ckvemw temIsØ Fßs\ kao-]n-°p-∂p-sh∂v Ah-cn¬\s√mcp ]£-Øn\v Adn-bm≥ km[n-®n-ń-√. ]mc-º-cy-ambn Inńb"aX'sØ Xe-bn-te‰n \S-°p-I-bm-W-h¿ sNbvXn- p-≈-Xv. kz¥w hnizmkZ¿i-\-ß-sf-Øs∂ kzbw hnNm-cW sNøm\pw kzX-¥hpw kpµ-c-hp-amb Xocp-am-\-ß-fn-se-Øm\pw Ah¿°v km[n-°p-∂n√. GtXm Xc-Øn¬Xe-bn-te‰n \S-°p∂, Iptd A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw BNm-c-ßfpw amX-am°nNpcp-°nb Xß-fpsS aXw Ime-ß-fp-sSbpw Adn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw apºn¬kuµ-cy-]q-c-ambn \n¬°p-∂-sX-ßs\sb∂v "ssZhw, aXw, thZw: kvt\l-kw-hmZw' ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. apkvenw-I-fpsS a\- ns\ hnkvXr-Xhpw]Im-i-h-Øp-am-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w CXc aX-ÿ-cpsS a\- nse Ccp´v\o°m\pw Cu KŸw klm-bn-°p-∂p.

\qdp iX-am\w Ckvemw aX-hn-izm-kn-bmb Hcp ]finX≥ CXcaX-ß-sfbpw Z¿i-\-ß-sfbpw FX-amXw DZm-c-X-tbm-sSbpw kuµ-cy-t_m-[-tØm-sSbpw kao-]n-°p-sa-∂-Xns‚ anI® DZm-l-cWw IqSn-bmWvssiJns‚ Cu ]pkvX-Iw. Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS bp‡n-]-c-X- am-]\w sNøm≥ CXc aX-ß-fp-sSbpw BNm-cy-∑m-cp-sSbpw Nn¥-Isf kpe-`-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp ]fin-X-s\-bmWv ]pkvXIw Imń-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. Ckvemw Z¿i-\-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ CXc aX-Z¿i-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pwKŸ-Im-c\v \√ Adn-hp-≠v F∂v C°mcyw Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p. kz¥w aX-sØ-°p-dn®v thdn´ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ ]I-cm≥ CXc aX-ßsf Bg-Øn¬]Tn-°-W-sa∂pw Aßs\ sNøp∂ Bƒ°v Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb aX-kw-hmZw km[y-am-Ip-sa∂pw ]pkvXIw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. CXc aX-ßsfamX-a√ ]pXnb Adn-hp-I-fpsS J\n-I-sfbpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \nXy-\-ho-\-amb a\ pw KŸ-Øn¬ ImWm-\p-≠v.

a\ v a\- n-t\mSv ]d-bp∂ AarX hN-\-ß-fmWv aXw. kz¥waXsØ CXc aX-ÿ\v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ A£-c-ß-fpsS Ac-a-dn-™n-cn-°-Ww. At∏mƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hmtcm hm°pw cmIn-cm-In-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. hmNm-e-X-bpsSbpw IrXn-a-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw mj tIƒhn-°m-c-\nepw hmb-\-°m-c-\nepw Atcm-N-I-Xz-ap-≠m-°pw. Bi-b-Øns‚tIµ -_n-µp-hn¬\n∂pw Ahs‚ i≤ amdp-Ibpw sNøpw. Bth-ihpwD’m-l-hp-a√ hm‹n-Xbpw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kwb-a-\-hp-amWv ChnsS Bh-iyw. C°mcyw \ΩpsS ]apJ Fgp-Øp-Im¿°pw ]kw-K-I¿°pw Adn-bn-s√-∂-XmWv kXyw. C°m-cy-Ønepw Cu ]pkvXIw thdn-´p-\n¬°p-∂p. ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS Iq´-Ønse \s√mcp hmb-\-°m-c-\mb ssiJv(-am-[y-a-Ønse ]Im-i-tcJ CXns‚ km£y-]-X-am-Wv) AXns‚ kar-≤n-I-sfsb√mw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmgpw hm°p-Isf \t∂ DNn-X-ambpw anX-ambpamWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Kuch ]Ir-Xnbpw `mjm-t_m-[-hp-ap≈hmb-\-°msc C°mcyw Gsd BI¿jn-°pw. Imew \ΩpsS t\scDb¿Øp∂ Bflo-b-amb tNmZy-ßƒs°√mw \¬Ip∂ DØ-c-ß-f-S-ßnbCu ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep-≈Xv efnX tIma-f-Im¥ ]Zm-h-en-bm-Wv. AXn-\m¬Xs∂ B DØ-c-ßƒ a\- n¬ Aen-™n-d-ßpw. A\p-`-hhpw Pohn-X-


t_m-[-hp-ambn ]cn-W-an-°pw. Hcp ]pkvXIw hmbn-®p-I-gn™ tij-ap≈Bf√ AXv hmbn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºp-≈-bmƒ F∂v sF.-F. dn®m¿UvkvNq≠n-°m-ń-bn-´p-≠v. ]pkvXIw Fßs\ a\- ns\ am‰p-∂p-sh∂v Nq≠n-°m-´p-I-bmWv B hna¿i-I≥. Hcp ]pkvXIw AXns‚ hmb-\-°m-c\n¬Akm-[m-c-W-amb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXns‚ ]ndhnk^-e-ambn F∂¿Yw. Cu k^-eX "ssZhw, aXw, thZw: kvt\l-kw-hmZ'ap≠m-°p-∂p≠v F∂ Imcy-amWv ]pkvX-I-an-dßn Hcp amkw Ign-™-t∏mƒ Xs∂ AXn\v c≠mw ]Xn∏v th≠n-h-∂p F∂ Imcyw hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.

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l-kw-hmZw · kvt\l-kw-hmZw 5 ≠v. `qan-bnse £WnI Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ imizX Pohn-Xhpw hnP-b-I-chpw kpc-£n-X-hp-am-Im≥ A\n-hm-cy-amb hyhÿ Xß-