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Hong Kongin Figures
2013 Edition
Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region
Cover designed by the Information Services DepartmentPrinted by the Government Logistics DepartmentHong Kong Special Administrative Region Government(Printed with environmentally friendly ink on recycled paper)
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Hong Kong in Figures2013 Edition
Census and Statistics DepartmentHong Kong Special Administrative Region
February 2013
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Enquiries about this booklet can be directed to :General Statistics Section
Census and Statistics DepartmentAddress : 19/F, Wanchai Tower, 12 Harbour Road, Wan Chai,
Hong Kong.Tel. : (852) 2582 4068 Fax : (852) 2827 1708
E-mail : [email protected]
Website of the Census and Statistics Department :www.censtatd.gov.hk
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Key Indicators Average annual rate
Reference of change Indicator Unit period Magnitude 2007–2012
Population ’000 Mid-2012 7 154.6 +0.7%
Number of households # ’000 2012 2 379.1 +1.1%
Labour force # ’000 2012 3 792.3 +0.9%
Unemployment rate# % 2012 3.3 —
Real Wage Index Sep. 2012 127.7 +1.7% (Sep. 1992=100)
Value of total exports HK$ 2012 3,434.3 +5.0%billion
Quantum index of total 2012 102.3 +1.8% exports (Year 2010=100)
Value of imports HK$ 2012 3,912.2 +6.4%billion
Per capita GDP at current HK$ 2012 285,146 +3.6% market prices @
GDP at current market HK$ 2012 2,040.1 +4.3% prices @ billion
GDP in chained HK$ 2012 1,889.8 +2.5% (2010) dollars @ billion
BoP — current HK$ 2011 93.0 — account balance @ billion
Composite Consumer 2012 110.3 +3.3% Price Index (Oct. 2009 – Sep. 2010=100)
Volume index of total 2012 132.1 +8.9% retail sales# (Oct. 2009 – Sep. 2010=100)
Business Receipts Indices Third (Quarterly average of 2008=100) quarter of — Banking 2012 130.0 +1.7% — Financing (except banking) 90.2 –7.2%
Newly completed ’000 2012 19.9 +2.9% residential flats
Money Supply M3@ HK$ 2012 8,971.3 +7.9%billion
Public mobile subscribers End–Nov. 1 064 +5.3% per 1 000 population (1) 2012
Visitor arrivals ’000 2012 48 615 +11.5%
Please see the special note on page 7 Please see the special note on page 7
@ Figures are subject to revision later on# Provisional figures— Not applicable(1) Excluding pre-paid SIM cards
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Contents Page
Key Indicators 3
Geography and Climate 8 Geography 8 Meteorological observations 8
Hong Kong in the Asia Pacific Region 8 Land area of Hong Kong 9 Map of Hong Kong 9
Population 10 Mid-year population by sex 10 Mid-year population by age group 10
Population growth 10 Vital events 10 Households 11
Population density by area 11
Labour 12 Labour force and labour force participation rate by sex 12 Labour force by age group 12 Unemployed persons and unemployment rate 12 Underemployed persons and underemployment rate 12 Employment distribution by industry section 13
Civil servants 13 Wages and earnings 14 Stoppages of work 14
External Trade 15 Aggregate merchandise trade 15 Merchandise trade by main country/territory 16 Imports, retained imports and re-exports by end-use category 17 Domestic exports by principal commodity 17 Merchandise trade index numbers 18 Exports and imports of services by major service group 19
National Income and Balance of Payments 20 Gross Domestic Product 20
Gross National Income 25 Balance of Payments 26
International Investment Position by broad component 27
Prices 28 Year-on-year rates of change in the Consumer Price Indices 28 Year-on-year rates of change in other price indices 28
Business Performance 29 Regional headquarters, regional offices and local offices in Hong 29 Kong representing parent companies located outside Hong Kong Index of industrial production 29
Retail sales 29 Restaurant receipts 29 Business Receipts Indices 30
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Energy 31 Electricity consumption 31 Gas consumption 31
Housing and Property 32 Permanent living quarters by type 32
Property transactions 32 Newly completed residential flats by type 33 Newly completed private buildings by end-use 33 Private buildings with consent to commence work by end-use 33
Government Accounts and Finance 34 Government revenue and expenditure 34 Public expenditure by policy area group 34
Fiscal reserves 35 Foreign currency reserve assets 35
Money supply 35 Deposits, loans and advances of authorized institutions 36 Hong Kong dollar interest rates 36
Exchange rates 37 Effective Exchange Rate Index 37 Value of stock exchange turnover, market capitalisation and 37
index of share prices
Science and Technology 38 Penetration of information technology in the household sector 38 Usage of information technology among household members 38
Transport, Communications and Tourism 39 Inward and outward movements of aircraft and ocean vessels 39 Inward and outward movements of cargo 39
Port container throughput 39 Public transport passenger journeys 40 Motor vehicles licensed by type 40
Public roads 40 Postal services 40
Access to information and communication technology 41 Arrivals and departures of passengers by mode of transport 42 Hong Kong resident departures by control point 42 Visitor arrivals by country/territory of residence 43
Hotel accommodation 43
Education 44 Student enrolment by level of education 44 Distribution of educational attainment of population aged 15 and over 44
Health 45 Expectation of life at birth by sex 45 Registered deaths and death rate by leading cause of death 45
Infant mortality rate 45 Hospital beds and selected types of registered healthcare professionals 46
Contents (cont’d) Page
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Social Welfare 47 Social security 47
Law and Order 47 Reported crimes by type of offence 47 Persons arrested for crime by type of offence 47
Further Information 48
General Notes1. Figures in brackets refer to percentage changes over the same period in
preceding year and are calculated based on unrounded figures.
2. There may be a slight discrepancy between the sum of individual itemsand the total as shown in the tables due to rounding.
Special Notes A Population Census was conducted in June to August 2011 in Hong Kong.
Apart from serving as the prime source of data for small areas and population sub-groups, the results of the 2011 Population Census provided a benchmark for revising the population figures compiled since the 2006 Population By-census. Population figures from end-2006 to mid-2011 have been revised accordingly. Similarly, other statistics involving the use of the population figures in the compilation process have also been revised to take into account the results of the 2011 Population Census.
The entire data series of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Income (GNI), Balance of Payments (BoP) and International Investment Position have respectively been revised following the completion of a technical exercise by the Census and Statistics Department (C&SD) in September 2012 to incorporate the latest international statistical standards as stipulated in the United Nations’ System of National Accounts 2008 and the International Monetary Fund’s Sixth Edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual in the GDP and BoP compilation frameworks of Hong Kong respectively.
SymbolsThe following symbols are used throughout the booklet :
— Not applicable
N.A. Not yet available
# Provisional figures
@ Figures are subject to revision later on
* Revised figures
** The statistics are compiled based on data collected in the General Household Survey from January to December of the year concerned as well as the mid-year population estimates by District Council district compiled jointly by the Census and Statistics Department and an inter-departmental Working Group on Population Distribution Projections.
Contents (cont’d) Page
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Geography and Climate
Geography
Hong Kong is situated at the south-eastern tip of the mainland of China, with a total area of about 1 104 square kilometres covering Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories and Islands.
Meteorological observations
Normals (1981–2010)Whole
January July year 2012
Air temperature (ºC) Mean maximum 18.6 31.4 25.6 25.8 Mean 16.3 28.8 23.3 23.4 Mean minimum 14.5 26.8 21.4 21.6Mean relative humidity (%) 74 81 78 81Total rainfall (mm) 24.7 376.5 2 398.5 1 924.7Total bright sunshine (hours) 143.0 212.0 1 835.6 1 551.2Mean wind speed (km/h) 25.3 21.3 23.3 23.9
Hong Kong in the Asia Pacific Region
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Land area of Hong KongSq. km
2007 2011 2012
Hong Kong Island 80.5 80.6 80.6Kowloon 46.9 46.9 46.9New Territories and Islands 976.9 976.9 976.9Total 1 104.3 1 104.4 1 104.4
Note : Figures are as at end of the year.
Map of Hong Kong
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Population
Mid-year population by sex
2007 2011 2012
SexNumber % Number % Number %
(‘000) (‘000) (‘000)
Male 3 283.9 47.5 3 303.0 46.7 3 327.3 46.5Female 3 632.4 52.5 3 768.6 53.3 3 827.3 53.5Total 6 916.3 100.0 7 071.6 100.0 7 154.6 100.0
Mid-year population by age group
2007 2011 2012Age Number % Number % Number %group (‘000) (‘000) (‘000)
Under 15 918.5 13.3 823.5 11.6 813.2 11.415–34 1 969.7 28.5 1 959.3 27.7 1 968.8 27.535–64 3 155.9 45.6 3 347.4 47.3 3 392.3 47.465 and over 872.2 12.6 941.4 13.3 980.3 13.7Total 6 916.3 100.0 7 071.6 100.0 7 154.6 100.0
Population growth (1)
2007 2011 2012
Population growth Natural increase (births less 28.6 52.6 50.1 deaths) (‘000) Net movement (inflow less 30.6 –5.2 32.9 outflow) (‘000) Total (‘000) 59.2 47.4 83.0Population growth rate (%) +0.9 +0.7 +1.2
Note : (1) Figures refer to growth between mid-year of preceding year and mid-year of designated year.
Vital events2007 2011 2012#
Number of births (‘000) 70.9 95.5 91.6Crude birth rate (per 1 000 population) 10.2 13.5 12.8Number of deaths (‘000) 39.5 42.3 43.2Crude death rate (per 1 000 population) 5.7 6.0 6.0Number of marriages (‘000) 47.5 58.4 60.3Crude marriage rate (per 1 000 population) 6.8 8.2 8.4Median age at first marriage (years) Male 31 31 31 Female 28 29 29
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Households **2007 2011 2012#
Number of households (‘000) 2 250 2 359 2 379(+1.3) (+1.5) (+0.8)
Population density(1) by areaPersons per sq. km
2007 2011 2012
Hong Kong Island 16 140 15 920 16 020Kowloon 43 280 44 920 45 730New Territories and Islands 3 770 3 870 3 910Total 6 400 6 540 6 620
Notes : Figures are as at the end of June of the year.(1) Excluding marine population and area of reservoirs.
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Labour
Labour force(1) and labour force participation rate by sex **
2007 2011 2012#
SexNumber Rate Number Rate Number Rate
(‘000) (%) (‘000) (%) (‘000) (%)
Male 1 954 70.4 1 943 68.4 1 973 68.8Female 1 669 53.1 1 760 53.0 1 820 53.7Overall 3 622 61.2 3 703 60.1 3 792 60.6
(+1.4) (+2.0) (+2.4)
Note : (1) Labour force refers to the land-based non-institutional population aged 15 and over who satisfy the criteria for being classified as employed population or unemployed population.
Labour force(1) by age group **
2007 2011 2012#
Age Number (%) Number (%) Number (%)group (‘000) (‘000) (‘000)
Under 25 385 10.6 317 8.6 320 8.425–44 1 944 53.7 1 887 51.0 1 914 50.545–64 1 250 34.5 1 444 39.0 1 494 39.465 and over 43 1.2 55 1.5 64 1.7Total 3 622 100.0 3 703 100.0 3 792 100.0
(+1.4) (+2.0) (+2.4)
Note : (1) Labour force refers to the land-based non-institutional population aged 15 and over who satisfy the criteria for being classified as employed population or unemployed population.
Unemployed persons and unemployment rate **2007 2011 2012#
Unemployed persons (‘000) 145 127 125Unemployment rate (%) 4.0 3.4 3.3
Underemployed persons and underemployment rate **2007 2011 2012#
Underemployed persons (‘000) 79 63 57Underemployment rate (%) 2.2 1.7 1.5
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Employment distribution by industry sectionPercentages
Industry section 2007 2011 2012@
Manufacturing 4.3 3.1 3.1Electricity and gas supply 0.2 0.2 0.2Water supply; sewerage, waste 0.2 0.2 0.2 management and remediation servicesConstruction 7.9 7.6 8.0Import and export trade 16.1 14.5 14.2Wholesale 2.1 1.8 1.8Retail 8.2 8.5 8.7Transportation, storage, postal and 9.3 8.9 8.8 courier servicesAccommodation(1) and food services 7.6 7.4 7.4Information and communications 2.7 2.7 2.8Financing and insurance 5.5 6.3 6.2Real estate 3.2 3.4 3.5Professional, scientific and technical 4.3 4.7 4.7 servicesAdministrative and support services 4.3 4.8 4.9Public administration 3.5 2.9 2.7Education 4.9 5.4 5.3Human health and social work services 4.3 4.7 4.9Arts, entertainment and recreation 1.1 1.5 1.4Other social and personal services 10.2 11.0 11.1Others 0.2 0.1 0.2
All industry sections 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total employment (‘000) 3 480.5 3 579.5 3 660.6(+2.0) (+2.9) (+2.6)
Notes : Figures refer to the Composite Employment Estimates. Figures for 2007 and 2011 refer to the averages of the 4 quarters of the year, while figures for 2012 refer to the averages of the first 3 quarters.(1) Accommodation services sector covers hotels, guesthouses, boarding houses
and other establishments providing short term accommodation.
Civil servants(1)
2007 2011 2012
Number of civil servants (‘000) 153.8 157.7 159.1(–0.2) (+0.8) (+0.9)
Notes : Figures are as at the end of September of the year.(1) Civil servants refer to persons who are employed on civil service terms of
appointment as at the survey reference date. Independent Commission Against Corruption officers, judicial officers, locally engaged staff working in the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices outside Hong Kong, and other government employees like Non-Civil Service Contract staff are excluded.
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Wages and earnings2007 2011 2012
Wage Index(1) (Sep. 1992=100) Nominal 153.5 177.2 185.6
(+2.5) (+9.9) (+4.8) Real(2) 117.6 127.1 127.7
(+1.4) (+4.4) (+0.4)
Salary index(3) (Jun. 1995=100) Salary Index (A) Nominal 124.7 138.0 143.9
(+3.5) (+5.9) (+4.3)
Real(4) 120.5 117.0 117.7(+1.6) (+0.5) (+0.5)
Salary Index (B) Nominal 154.1 178.1 188.5
(+4.9) (+7.5) (+5.8)
Real(4) 148.9 151.1 154.2(+3.0) (+2.1) (+2.0)
Index of Payroll per Person Engaged(5)
(1st qtr. 1999=100) Nominal 95.5 111.9 118.9
(+4.6) (+8.3) (+6.3)
Real(6) 104.1 108.7 112.2(+3.0) (+1.6) (+3.2)
Notes : (1) Wage Index covers supervisory, technical, clerical and miscellaneous non-production workers; as well as craftsmen and operatives. Figures refer to September of the year.
(2) Real Wage Index is derived by deflating the corresponding nominal index by the 2009/10-based CPI(A).
(3) Salary index covers middle-level managerial and professional employees. Salary Index (A) measures the overall changes in average salary rates of middle-level managerial and professional employees; while Salary Index (B) reflects only changes in salary rates of middle-level managerial and professional employees who have been in the same occupation and in the same company in two consecutive years. Figures refer to June of the year.
(4) Real salary index is derived by deflating the corresponding nominal index by the 2009/10-based CPI(C).
(5) As a proxy to labour earnings. Figures refer to the third quarter of the year.(6) Real Index of Payroll per Person Engaged is derived by deflating the
corresponding nominal index by the 2009/10-based Composite CPI.
Stoppages of work2007 2011 2012
Number of work stoppages 3 2 1Number of working days lost(1) (man-days) 8 027.3 590.0 375.0
Notes : Figures cover stoppages of work arising from disputes connected with terms and conditions of employment.(1) The exceptionally large number of working days lost in 2007 was mainly due
to the strike of bar benders in the pay rise negotiation.
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External Trade
Hong Kong external trade comprises merchandise trade and trade in services of Hong Kong with external parties.
Hong Kong’s external merchandise trade statistics are compiled based on information contained in import/export declarations. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a separate customs territory, as stated in “The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China”. Import/export declaration is also required of Hong Kong’s trade with the mainland of China, and statistics relating to this are included in Hong Kong’s external merchandise trade statistics.
Hong Kong’s trade in services with the mainland of China are treated as external transactions and included in Hong Kong’s trade in services statistics.
Aggregate merchandise tradeHK$ billion
Type of trade 2007 2011 2012
Imports (c.i.f.) 2,868.0 3,764.6 3,912.2(+10.3) (+11.9) (+3.9)
Domestic exports (f.o.b.) 109.1 65.7 58.8(–18.9) (–5.5) (–10.4)
Re-exports (f.o.b.) 2,578.4 3,271.6 3,375.5(+10.8) (+10.5) (+3.2)
Total exports (f.o.b.) 2,687.5 3,337.3 3,434.3(+9.2) (+10.1) (+2.9)
Total trade 5,555.5 7,101.8 7,346.5(+9.8) (+11.0) (+3.4)
Merchandise trade balance –180.5 –427.3 –477.8 As percentage of imports (%) 6.3 11.4 12.2
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Merchandise trade by main country/territory
Type of trade/ HK$ billionMain country/territory 2007 2011 2012
Imports 2,868.0 3,764.6 3,912.2(+10.3) (+11.9) (+3.9)
The mainland of China 1,329.7 1,696.8 1,840.9 Japan 287.3 318.6 311.6 Singapore 194.8 254.6 246.3 Taiwan 205.1 240.9 244.9 U.S.A. 138.8 211.4 204.5 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation 2,502.7 3,172.5 3,309.1 European Union 204.6 303.9 305.5
Domestic exports 109.1 65.7 58.8(–18.9) (–5.5) (–10.4)
The mainland of China 40.6 30.7 26.0 U.S.A. 23.9 7.2 6.8 Switzerland 1.0 2.8 3.1 Singapore 3.0 2.6 2.7 Taiwan 4.0 3.0 2.7 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation 84.8 53.0 47.0 European Union 17.1 4.6 2.9
Re-exports 2,578.4 3,271.6 3,375.5(+10.8) (+10.5) (+3.2)
The mainland of China 1,267.7 1,716.7 1,831.7 U.S.A. 344.3 323.6 331.7 Japan 116.7 133.6 142.8 Taiwan 48.9 82.3 78.1 Germany 78.1 88.7 77.4 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation 2,064.7 2,629.8 2,761.9 European Union 346.7 354.9 329.9
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Imports, retained imports and re-exports by end-use category
HK$ billion
End-use category 2007 2011 2012
Foodstuffs Imports 77.2 145.2 150.7 Retained imports(1) 59.8 109.3 114.5@
Re-exports 19.1 39.2 39.5Consumer goods Imports 762.2 938.1 944.4 Retained imports(1) 146.9 250.5 270.0@
Re-exports 815.2 883.8 866.7Raw materials and semi-manufactures Imports 1,098.7 1,297.7 1,284.4 Retained imports(1) 276.5 327.6 318.8@
Re-exports 915.1 1,115.6 1,110.4Fuels Imports 88.1 146.0 141.9 Retained imports(1) 84.0 141.6 135.6@
Re-exports 4.3 4.6 6.7Capital goods Imports 841.8 1,237.6 1,390.8 Retained imports(1) 164.4 197.0 245.4@
Re-exports 824.7 1,228.4 1,352.2Total Imports 2,868.0 3,764.6 3,912.2 Retained imports(1) 731.6 1,026.1 1,086.7@
Re-exports 2,578.4 3,271.6 3,375.5
Note : (1) Retained imports refer to those imported goods which are retained for use in Hong Kong rather than being re-exported to other places. The value of retained imports is derived by subtracting the estimated import value of re-exports from the value of imports. The former is obtained by removing an estimated re-export margin from the value of re-exports.
Domestic exports by principal commodityHK$ billion
Principal commodity 2007 2011 2012
Jewellery, goldsmiths’ and silversmiths’ 8.7 8.5 8.9 wares, and other articles of precious or
semi-precious materialsPlastics in primary and non-primary forms 6.5 7.5 6.4Electrical machinery, apparatus and 7.9 3.9 3.2 appliances, and electrical parts thereof
Office machines and automatic data 2.9 2.4 3.2 processing machinesTobacco, manufactured 1.9 2.5 3.0
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Merchandise trade index numbers(Year 2010=100)
Type of index number/Type of trade 2007 2011 2012
Value index Imports 85.2 111.9 116.3
(+10.3) (+11.9) (+3.9) Domestic exports 157.0 94.5 84.6
(–18.9) (–5.5) (–10.4) Retained imports(1) 83.6 117.3 124.2@
(+9.4) (+17.3) (+5.9)@
Re-exports 87.1 110.5 114.0(+10.8) (+10.5) (+3.2)
Total exports 88.7 110.1 113.3(+9.2) (+10.1) (+2.9)
Unit value index Imports 90.1 108.1 111.6
(+2.3) (+8.1) (+3.3) Domestic exports 90.4 106.4 109.1
(+0.8) (+6.4) (+2.5) Retained imports(1) 91.2 109.5 112.8@
(+2.4) (+9.5) (+3.0)@
Re-exports 91.0 108.0 111.7(+2.4) (+8.0) (+3.4)
Total exports 91.0 108.0 111.6(+2.3) (+8.0) (+3.4)
Quantum index Imports 90.8 104.1 105.1
(+10.4) (+4.1) (+1.0) Domestic exports 169.5 88.1 76.6
(–19.8) (–11.9) (–13.0) Retained imports(1) 88.1 107.8 111.6@
(+11.7) (+7.8) (+3.5)@
Re-exports 91.8 102.7 102.9(+9.9) (+2.7) (+0.1)
Total exports 93.6 102.4 102.3(+8.3) (+2.4) (–0.1)
Terms of trade index(2) 101.0 99.9 100.0(+0.1) (–0.1) (+0.1)
Notes : The trade index numbers have been updated by using 2010 as the base year. Figures are annual indices.(1) Retained imports refer to those imported goods which are retained for use in
Hong Kong rather than being re-exported to other places. The value of retained imports is derived by subtracting the estimated import value of re-exports from the value of imports. The former is obtained by removing an estimated re-export margin from the value of re-exports.
(2) Derived from the ratio of the unit value index for total exports to that for imports.
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Exports and imports of services by major service groupHK$ billion
Major service group 2007 2011@ 2012@
Exports of services Transportation services 200.5 250.1 248.9
(+14.5) (+7.8) (–0.5) Travel services 107.3 215.3 245.7
(+18.7) (+24.9) (+14.1) Insurance services 5.4 6.6 7.1
(+52.4) (–0.8) (+7.0) Financial services 97.0 113.4 117.6
(+34.8) (+11.1) (+3.7) Merchanting and other 199.0 270.7 281.0 trade-related services (+11.6) (+11.0) (+3.8) Other services 54.8 80.4 85.4
(+16.6) (+11.0) (+6.2) Total 664.1 936.5 985.8
(+17.2) (+12.9) (+5.3)
Imports of services Transportation services 114.1 139.4 137.0
(+19.3) (+14.3) (–1.7) Travel services 117.3 149.2 159.3
(+7.6) (+9.7) (+6.7) Insurance services 7.5 9.3 9.5
(+15.5) (+0.2) (+2.5) Financial services 21.9 30.2 29.6
(+39.7) (+9.8) (–1.9) Merchanting and other 24.3 33.2 34.2 trade-related services (+15.9) (+1.1) (+3.0) Other services 49.1 78.4 79.7
(+17.5) (+9.4) (+1.7) Total 334.2 439.7 449.4
(+15.4) (+10.2) (+2.2)
Net exports of services 329.9 496.8 536.4
Notes : Trade in services statistics are compiled based on the recommendations made in the System of National Accounts 2008 except the one on adopting the change of ownership principle in recording goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting.
As an interim arrangement, another set of trade in services statistics, compiled based on the System of National Accounts 2008 including the aforesaid change of ownership principle is published in the supplementary tables of the Gross Domestic Product report for reference. For details about the concepts, definitions and related compilation methods of the change of ownership principle, please refer to the Special Report on Gross Domestic Product issued in September 2012.
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National Income and Balance of Payments
Transactions and positions in assets and liabilities vis-à-vis the mainland of China are treated as international transactions and external positions respectively. Examples of international transactions are trade in goods, trade in services and external primary income flows (formerly known as external factor income flows). Examples of external positions are the stocks of inward and outward direct investment.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)2007 2011@ 2012@
GDP (HK$ billion) At current market prices 1,650.8 1,936.1 2,040.1
(+9.8) (+9.0) (+5.4) In chained (2010) dollars 1,670.2 1,863.0 1,889.8
(+6.5) (+4.9) (+1.4)
Per capita GDP (HK$) At current market prices 238,676 273,779 285,146
(+8.9) (+8.2) (+4.2) In chained (2010) dollars 241,482 263,442 264,142
(+5.6) (+4.1) (+0.3)
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GDP by expenditure component 2007 2011@ 2012@
Expenditure components at currentmarket prices (HK$ billion) Private consumption expenditure 982.4 1,240.8 1,325.7 Government consumption expenditure 139.0 168.5 185.4 Gross domestic fixed capital formation 340.4 455.0 537.4 Changes in inventories 12.8 11.7 –9.3 Exports of goods (f.o.b.) 2,698.9 3,411.4 3,580.8 Exports of services 664.1 936.5 985.8 Less : Imports of goods (f.o.b.) 2,852.5 3,848.2 4,116.4 Less : Imports of services 334.2 439.7 449.4 GDP 1,650.8 1,936.1 2,040.1
Ratio of expenditure components toGDP at current market prices (%) Private consumption expenditure 59.5 64.1 65.0 Government consumption expenditure 8.4 8.7 9.1 Gross domestic fixed capital formation 20.6 23.5 26.3 Changes in inventories 0.8 0.6 –0.5 Exports of goods (f.o.b.) 163.5 176.2 175.5 Exports of services 40.2 48.4 48.3 Less : Imports of goods (f.o.b.) 172.8 198.8 201.8 Less : Imports of services 20.2 22.7 22.0 GDP 100.0 100.0 100.0
Notes : Trade in goods and services statistics are compiled based on the recommendations made in the System of National Accounts 2008 except the one on adopting the change of ownership principle in recording goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting.
As an interim arrangement, another set of trade in goods and services statistics, compiled based on the System of National Accounts 2008 including the aforesaid change of ownership principle is published in the supplementary tables of the Gross Domestic Product report for reference. For details about the concepts, definitions and related compilation methods of the change of ownership principle, please refer to the Special Report on Gross Domestic Product issued in September 2012.
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GDP by expenditure component 2007 2011@ 2012@
Year-on-year rates of change of GDP andexpenditure components (%)
In nominal terms GDP +9.8 +9.0 +5.4 Private consumption expenditure +13.1 +12.9 +6.8 Government consumption expenditure +5.4 +7.1 +10.1 Gross domestic fixed capital formation +1.0 +17.6 +18.1 Exports of goods (f.o.b.) +9.4 +11.4 +5.0 Exports of services +17.2 +12.9 +5.3 Imports of goods (f.o.b.) +10.7 +13.3 +7.0 Imports of services +15.4 +10.2 +2.2
In real terms GDP +6.5 +4.9 +1.4 Private consumption expenditure +8.6 +9.0 +4.0 Government consumption expenditure +3.2 +2.5 +3.7 Gross domestic fixed capital formation +3.2 +10.2 +9.1 Exports of goods (f.o.b.) +7.0 +3.4 +1.3 Exports of services +14.3 +4.9 +1.2 Imports of goods (f.o.b.) +8.8 +4.7 +2.7 Imports of services +12.1 +3.5 +0.7
Notes : Trade in goods and services statistics are compiled based on the recommendations made in the System of National Accounts 2008 except the one on adopting the change of ownership principle in recording goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting.
As an interim arrangement, another set of trade in goods and services statistics, compiled based on the System of National Accounts 2008 including the aforesaid change of ownership principle is published in the supplementary tables of the Gross Domestic Product report for reference. For details about the concepts, definitions and related compilation methods of the change of ownership principle, please refer to the Special Report on Gross Domestic Product issued in September 2012.
23
GDP by economic activity 2007 2010 2011@
Percentage contribution of economic activities to GDP at basic prices (%)
Agriculture, fishing, mining 0.1 0.1 § and quarrying Manufacturing 2.0 1.7 1.6 Electricity, gas and water supply, 2.5 2.0 1.8 and waste management Construction 2.5 3.3 3.4 Services 92.9 93.0 93.1 Import/export, wholesale 23.6 23.8 25.9 and retail trades Accommodation(1) and food services 3.0 3.2 3.5 Transportation, storage, postal 7.5 7.9 6.3 and courier services Information and communications 3.2 3.2 3.3 Financing and insurance 20.1 16.4 16.1 Real estate, professional 9.2 10.8 11.2 and business services Public administration, social 16.3 17.0 16.5 and personal services Ownership of premises 9.9 10.6 10.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
GDP at basic prices (HK$ billion) 1,605.2 1,737.7 1,902.5
Notes : (1) Accommodation services cover hotels, guesthouses, boarding houses and other establishments providing short term accommodation.
§ Less than 0.05%.
24
GDP by economic activity 2007 2011@ 2012@
Year-on-year rates of change in real terms of value added of majoreconomic activities (%)
Manufacturing –0.8 +0.7 –1.5 Construction –1.2 +18.1 +9.6 Services +7.1 +5.2 +1.8 of which : Import/export, wholesale +5.8 +9.1 +1.4 and retail trades Accommodation(1) and food services +10.7 +8.3 +1.5 Transportation, storage, postal +5.1 +7.2 +1.4 and courier services Information and communications +6.3 +2.8 +2.3 Financing and insurance +16.8 +6.9 +1.1 Real estate, professional +6.6 +2.6 +3.8 and business services Public administration, social +2.7 +1.5 +3.0 and personal services
Notes : Figures for 2007 and 2011 refer to the year-on-year rates of change for the whole year, whereas those for 2012 refer to the percentage changes in the first 3 quarters over the same period a year earlier.
(1) Accommodation services cover hotels, guesthouses, boarding houses and other establishments providing short term accommodation.
25
Gross National Income (GNI)HK$ billion, unless otherwise specified
2007 2010 2011@
In chained (2010) dollars GDP 1,670.2 1,776.8 1,863.0 Net external primary income flows 54.3 37.6 50.9
External primary income inflow 939.8 929.7 1,014.0 External primary income outflow 885.4 892.1 963.1 RGNI(1) 1,775.2 1,814.4 1,901.9
(+8.2) (+3.7) (+4.8) Per capita GDP (HK$) 241,482 252,952 263,442 Per capita RGNI (HK$) 256,672 258,304 268,945
(+7.3) (+2.9) (+4.1)At current market prices GDP 1,650.8 1,776.8 1,936.1 Net external primary income flows 52.8 37.6 52.8
External primary income inflow 903.2 929.7 1,059.4 External primary income outflow 850.4 892.1 1,006.5 GNI 1,703.6 1,814.4 1,988.9
(+10.7) (+6.2) (+9.6) Per capita GDP (HK$) 238,676 252,952 273,779 Per capita GNI (HK$) 246,312 258,304 281,250
(+9.8) (+5.4) (+8.9)
Notes : Gross National Income (GNI) (formerly known as Gross National Product (GNP)) is a measure of the total income earned by residents of an economy from engaging in various economic activities, irrespective of whether the economic activities are carried out within the economic territory of the economy or outside. GNI is obtained by adding net external primary income flows (i.e. external primary income inflow minus external primary income outflow) to GDP of the same year.
(1) Real Gross National Income (RGNI) is obtained by adding the terms of trade adjustment and real net external primary income flows to real GDP.
26
Balance of Payments (BoP) (1)
HK$ billion
2007 2010 2011@
Current account balance(2) 214.9 116.5 93.0 Goods 209.5 18.4 –66.9 Services –33.3 78.1 126.9 Primary income 52.8 37.6 52.8 Secondary income –14.1 –17.6 –19.8
Capital and financial account –260.4 –88.8 –113.2 balance(2)
Capital account –0.7 –4.4 –2.0 Financial non-reserve assets(3) –195.5 –25.3 –24.4 Direct investment –45.0 –122.0 1.9 Portfolio investment –10.9 –442.5 –11.0 Financial derivatives 43.5 18.7 20.9 Other investment –183.1 520.6 –36.2 Reserve assets(3) –64.2 –59.1 –86.8
Net errors and omissions(4) 45.5 –27.7 20.2
Overall Balance of Payments 64.2 59.1 86.8(in surplus) (in surplus) (in surplus)
Notes : (1) BoP is a statistical statement that systematically summarises, for a specific time period (typically a year or a quarter), the ecomomic transactions of an economy with the rest of the world (i.e. between residents and non-residents). A complete BoP account comprises two broad accounts: (a) the current account; and (b) the capital and financial account.
(2) In accordance with the accounting rules adopted in compiling BoP, a positive value for the balance figure in the current account represents a surplus whereas a negative value represents a deficit. In the captial and financial account, a positive value indicates a net financial inflow while a negative value indicates a net outflow. As increases in external assets are debit entries and decreases are credit entries, a negative value for the reserve assets represents a net increase while a positive value represents a net decrease.
(3) The estimates of reserve and non-reserve assets under the BoP framework are transaction figures. Effects of valuation changes (including price changes and exchange rate changes) and reclassifications are not taken into account.
(4) In principle, the net sum of credit entries and debit entries is zero. In practice, discrepancies between the credit and debit entries may occur for various reasons as the relevant data are collected from many sources. Equality between the sum of credit entries and that of debit entries is brought about by the inclusion of a balancing item which reflects net errors and omissions.
27
International Investment Position(1) by broad component(position as at end of period)
HK$ billion
Broad component 2007 2010 2011
Assets 21,905.0 23,230.0 24,062.0 Direct investment 8,643.8 8,078.0 8,767.7 Portfolio investment 6,074.1 7,226.0 6,412.5 Financial derivatives 373.6 456.9 539.2 Other investment 5,725.6 5,471.7 6,242.0 Reserve assets 1,087.9 1,997.3 2,100.5
Liabilities 18,067.6 18,058.9 18,539.1 Direct investment 9,570.9 9,038.8 9,198.3 Portfolio investment 3,726.0 3,218.5 2,792.8 Financial derivatives 253.8 389.8 477.4 Other investment 4,516.9 5,411.8 6,070.6
Net International Investment Position(2) 3,837.4 5,171.1 5,522.9 Direct investment –927.1 –960.8 –430.6 Portfolio investment 2,348.1 4,007.5 3,619.7 Financial derivatives 119.8 67.1 61.9 Other investment 1,208.7 59.9 171.4 Reserve assets 1,087.9 1,997.3 2,100.5
Notes : (1) The International Investment Position is a balance sheet showing the stock of Hong Kong’s external financial assets and liabilities at a particular time point.
(2) Net International Investment Position is the difference between total external financial assets and total external financial liabilities.
28
Prices
Year-on-year rates of change in the Consumer Price Indices
Percentages
2007 2011 2012
Composite Consumer Price Index(1) +2.0 +5.3 +4.1 Food +4.3 +7.0 +5.8 Housing +2.0 +7.2 +5.6
Consumer Price Index (A)(1) +1.3 +5.6 +3.6 Food +4.5 +7.4 +6.1 Housing –0.6 +7.8 +4.5
Consumer Price Index (B)(1) +2.2 +5.2 +4.3 Food +3.9 +7.0 +6.0 Housing +2.9 +7.1 +6.3
Consumer Price Index (C)(1) +2.7 +5.1 +4.1 Food +4.4 +6.2 +5.1 Housing +3.8 +6.7 +6.1
Notes : The year-on-year rate of change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an indicator of inflation affecting consumers. Figures are derived based on the 2009/10-based CPI series. The year-on-year rates of change before October 2010 were derived using the index series in the base periods at that time (for instance the 2004/05-based index series), compared with the index a year earlier in the same base period.
(1) The CPI(A), CPI(B) and CPI(C) respectively cover some 50%, 30% and 10% of households in Hong Kong. The average monthly household expenditure (in HK$) of these groups during the base period (i.e. Oct. 2009–Sep. 2010) were $4,500–$18,499, $18,500–$32,499 and $32,500–$65,999 respectively. Taking into account the impact of price changes since the base period, the monthly household expenditure ranges of the CPI(A), CPI(B) and CPI(C) adjusted to the price level of 2012 are broadly equivalent to $5,000–$20,500, $20,500–$36,000 and $36,000–$72,900 respectively, and that of the Composite CPI is broadly equivalent to $5,000–$72,900. The Composite CPI is compiled based on the expenditure patterns of all these households taken together.
Year-on-year rates of change in other price indicesPercentages
2007 2011@ 2012@
Implicit price deflator of GDP(1) +3.1 +3.9 +3.9Domestic demand deflator(2) +2.4 +4.5 +4.5
Notes : (1) The implicit price deflator of GDP is generally used as a broad measure of overall inflation in the economy. It takes account of price changes in both the domestic (final consumption and gross domestic capital formation) and external (exports and imports) sectors.
(2) The domestic demand deflator measures the price changes relating to private consumption expenditure, government consumption expenditure and gross domestic capital formation.
29
Business Performance
Regional headquarters, regional offices and local offices in Hong Kong representing parent companies located outside Hong Kong
2007 2011 2012Number of regional headquarters 1 246 1 340 1 367Number of regional offices 2 644 2 412 2 516Number of local offices 2 550 3 196 3 367
Note : Figures refer to the first working day of June of the year.
Index of industrial production(Year 2008=100)
2007 2011 2012
Manufacturing sector 107.2 95.7 93.4(–1.4) (+0.7) (–1.5)
Textiles 112.5 61.9 57.6(–8.2) (–13.2) (–6.4)
Wearing apparel 128.2 55.3 43.1(–15.6) (–10.3) (–20.0)
Metal, computer, electronic and optical products, machinery and equipment
111.7 89.2 80.0(–11.6) (–9.4) (–12.1)
Note : Figures for 2007 and 2011 are annual indices, whereas those for 2012 are the averages of the quarterly indices of the first 3 quarters.
Retail sales2007 2011 2012#
Value of total retail sales (HK$ billion) 247.0 405.7 445.4Value index(1) 79.6 130.7 143.5 (Oct. 2009–Sep. 2010=100) (+12.8) (+24.9) (+9.8)Volume index(1) 86.4 123.3 132.1 (Oct. 2009–Sep. 2010=100) (+10.1) (+18.4) (+7.2)
Note : (1) Figures are annual indices.
Restaurant receipts2007 2011 2012#
Value of total restaurant 70.2 89.3 93.7 receipts (HK$ billion)Value index(1) 84.8 107.9 113.3 (Oct. 2009–Sep. 2010=100) (+13.4) (+6.4) (+5.0)Volume index(1) 92.1 101.7 101.3 (Oct. 2009–Sep. 2010=100) (+10.6) (+1.0) (–0.4)
Note : (1) Figures are annual indices.
30
Business Receipts Indices(Quarterly average of 2008=100)
2007 2011 2012
Service industry Import/export trade 101.1 117.3 112.8
(+8.2) (+3.4) (–3.8)
Wholesale 98.0 130.1 131.7(+9.0) (+9.1) (+1.2)
Retail 89.8 147.4 155.9(+15.1) (+27.4) (+5.8)
Transportation 101.3 108.4 109.5(+11.2) (+2.4) (+1.0)
Warehousing and storage 94.4 123.1 152.7(+11.7) (+10.3) (+24.1)
Courier 96.6 140.5 165.1(+4.0) (+11.2) (+17.5)
Accommodation services(1) 86.7 115.6 137.5(+15.7) (+22.4) (+18.9)
Food services 89.2 112.4 117.2(+15.3) (+6.2) (+4.3)
Information and communications 97.1 110.8 116.7(+8.8) (+7.8) (+5.4)
Banking 119.5 117.2 130.0(+47.7) (+7.1) (+10.9)
Financing (except banking) 130.8 86.9 90.2(+99.6) (–11.8) (+3.8)
Insurance 101.5 123.1 138.7(+42.1) (+10.3) (+12.6)
Real estate 96.3 110.0 142.1(+27.6) (–15.4) (+29.1)
Professional, scientific and technical 94.2 123.9 121.2 services (+9.6) (+9.3) (–2.1)
Administrative and support services 92.7 111.8 123.3(+10.7) (+8.6) (+10.3)
Service domain(2)
Tourism, convention and exhibition 89.7 168.1 184.2#
services (+18.7) (+18.8) (+9.6)#
Computer and information technology 106.0 127.7 145.0 services (+1.7) (+0.8) (+13.5)
Notes : Figures refer to the third quarter of the year.(1) Accommodation services cover hotels, guesthouses, boarding houses and
other establishments providing short term accommodation. (2) A service domain differs from a service industry in that it comprises those
economic activities which straddle different industries but are related to a common theme.
31
Energy
Electricity consumptionTerajoules
2007 2011 2012
Domestic 36 422 39 872 38 875(+2.8) (+1.3) (+3.0)
Commercial 97 155 100 067 94 619(+1.9) (+0.2) (+2.1)
Industrial 13 104 11 104 10 381(–6.5) (+0.2) (+1.6)
Street lighting 391 390 356(+0.1) (–1.9) (+0.2)
Exports to the mainland of China 14 527 10 645 6 016(–10.9) (+13.3) (–33.7)
Total 161 598 162 077 150 246(+0.1) (+1.2) (+0.1)
Notes : Figures for 2007 and 2011 refer to the whole year, whereas those for 2012 refer to January to November.1 terajoule = 1012 joules
Gas consumptionTerajoules
2007 2011 2012
Domestic 14 842 15 500 15 473(–1.6) (+1.5) (–0.2)
Commercial 11 305 11 562 11 555(+2.3) (+1.5) (–0.1)
Industrial 895 1 086 1 331(–0.9) (+18.4) (+22.6)
Total 27 041 28 147 28 360(§) (+2.1) (+0.8)
Notes : 1 terajoule = 1012 joules§ Change within ±0.05%.
32
Housing and Property
Permanent living quarters by type
2007 2011 2012
TypeNumber % Number % Number %
(‘000) (‘000) (‘000)
Public rental housing 713 28.5 748 28.7 766 29.1 units(1)
Subsidised sale flats(1)(2) 398 15.9 391 15.0 391 14.8Private permanent 1 392 55.6 1 465 56.3 1 480 56.1 quarters(2)(3)
Total 2 503 100.0 2 603 100.0 2 637 100.0(+0.6) (+0.5) (+1.3)
Notes : Figures are as at the end of September of the year.(1) Public rental housing units sold by the Housing Authority are classified as
subsidised sale flats.(2) Subsidised sale flats include quarters sold by the Housing Authority and Hong
Kong Housing Society that cannot be traded in the open market. Those flats that can be traded in the open market are classified as private permanent quarters.
(3) Figures include all quarters used for residential purpose as well as those non-residential quarters usually with people living therein. Quarters known to be used for non-residential purpose and those in hotels and institutions are excluded.
Property transactions2007 2011 2012
Value of registered Agreements for Sale and Purchase of property (HK$ billion)
Residential property 434.0 442.5 452.3 Non-residential property 91.6 145.4 201.7 Total 525.6 587.9 654.0
(+66.8) (–14.7) (+11.2)Property price index(1) (Year 1999=100) Private domestic units 103.5 182.1 206.0#
(+11.7) (+20.7) (+13.1)#
Private offices (Grades A, B and C) 165.5 297.9 333.7#
(+18.8) (+29.3) (+12.0)#
Property rental index(1) (Year 1999=100) Private domestic units 101.8 134.0 142.6#
(+11.1) (+11.9) (+6.4)#
Private offices (Grades A, B and C) 131.9 169.9 188.1#
(+12.4) (+15.1) (+10.7)#
Note : (1) Figures are annual indices.
33
Newly completed residential flats by type
2007 2011 2012
TypeNumber % Number % Number %
(‘000) (‘000) (‘000)
Public rental housing 4.8 27.8 17.8 65.3 9.8 49.1 unitsSubsidised sale flats 2.0 11.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Private flats 10.5 60.6 9.4 34.7 10.1 50.9Total 17.3 100.0 27.2 100.0 19.9 100.0
(–17.8) (+30.3) (–26.8)
Newly completed private buildings by end-useUsable floor area of ‘000m2
End-use 2007 2011 2012
Total usable floor area 1 030 991 1 394(–25.8) (–13.0) (+40.7)
Residential 451 472 558(–36.9) (–22.9) (+18.2)
Commercial 333 216 226(+56.2) (+24.5) (+5.0)
Industrial 15 129 197(–47.3) (+265.8) (+52.4)
Others 230 175 414(–46.7) (–45.2) (+136.8)
Total cost of construction (HK$ billion) 21.8 24.5 51.3
Private buildings with consent to commence work by end-useUsable floor area of ‘000m2
End-use 2007 2011 2012
Total usable floor area(1) 991 719 1 278(+34.4) (–17.5) (+77.8)
Residential 588 335 630(+57.9) (+40.1) (+88.5)
Commercial 185 91 209(–0.8) (–38.8) (+130.4)
Industrial 91 109 46(+746.2) (+218.6) (–57.7)
Others 126 184 392(–24.5) (–59.1) (+112.8)
Note : (1) Figures refer to usable floor areas of building projects for which the plans are submitted to the Building Authority for approval for the first time.
34
Government Accounts and Finance
Hong Kong dollar is the legal tender in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, as stated in “The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China”. Foreign currency refers to any currency other than the Hong Kong currency. Accordingly, Chinese Renminbi is also treated as foreign currency.
Since October 1983, the Hong Kong dollar has been linked to the US dollar at the fixed rate of HK$7.80 to US$1.00.
Government revenue and expenditureHK$ billion
2006–07 2010–11 2011–12
Operating revenue (a) 234.4 299.8 339.4Capital revenue (b) 53.6 76.7 98.3Government revenue (a)+(b) 288.0 376.5 437.7
(+16.6) (+18.2) (+16.3)
Operating expenditure (c) 194.0 239.3 296.4Capital expenditure (d) 32.8 62.1 67.6Government expenditure (c)+(d) 226.8 301.4 364.0
(–2.7) (+4.3) (+20.8)
Note : The financial year runs from 1 April to 31 March.
Public expenditure(1) by policy area groupHK$ billion
Item 2006–07 2010–11 2011–12
Community and external affairs 8.2 15.1 26.0Economic 13.6 17.4 47.3Education 51.9 60.7 67.9Environment and food 10.0 15.2 17.7Health 32.1 39.9 45.3Housing 14.7 16.9 18.9Infrastructure 29.5 49.0 52.6Security 25.1 32.6 31.5Social welfare 33.5 40.5 43.3Support 26.3 33.3 35.1Total 244.9 320.6 385.6
(–2.6) (+4.4) (+20.3)
Notes : The financial year runs from 1 April to 31 March.(1) Public expenditure comprises government expenditure and expenditure by
other public bodies. It does not include expenditure by those organisations, including statutory organisations, in which the Government has only an equity position, such as the Airport Authority and the MTR Corporation Limited.
35
Fiscal reserves(1)
HK$ billion
2006–07 2010–11 2011–12
Balance (as at 31 March) 369.3 595.4 669.1
Note : (1) The aggregate balance of the General Revenue Account and the Funds as at the end of the financial year. Funds include the Capital Works Reserve Fund, the Capital Investment Fund, the Loan Fund, the Disaster Relief Fund, the Civil Service Pension Reserve Fund, the Land Fund, the Innovation and Technology Fund and the Lotteries Fund.
Foreign currency reserve assets(1) 2007 2011 2012
Foreign currency reserve assets (US$ billion) 152.7 285.4 317.3 Per capita (US$) 22,007 40,127 44,468#
In terms of months of retained 19.5 25.9 27.2#
imports of goods (no. of months) Ratio to currency in circulation 7.0 8.2 8.1
Notes : Figures are as at end of the year.(1) Foreign currency reserve assets are the stock of foreign assets held by the
Government as investments, and used, where necessary, in financial transactions to support the exchange rate of the domestic currency. Assets held in the Exchange Fund and the Land Fund are both included.
Money supplyHK$ billion
2007 2011 2012
M1 Hong Kong dollar 454.3 794.7 920.9 Foreign currency 162.4 332.6 456.4 Total 616.7 1,127.3 1,377.4
(+25.4) (+10.8) (+22.2)M3 Hong Kong dollar(1) 3,300.5 4,055.4 4,545.6 Foreign currency(2) 2,839.3 4,025.7 4,425.7 Total 6,139.8 8,081.1 8,971.3
(+20.6) (+12.9) (+11.0)
Notes : Figures are as at end of the year. Figures are subject to revision to take into account any subsequent amendments submitted by authorized institutions.(1) Adjusted to include foreign currency swap deposits.(2) Adjusted to exclude foreign currency swap deposits.
36
Deposits, loans and advances of authorized institutions2007 2011 2012
Number of authorized institutions 197 194 198 in operation (+1.5) (+1.0) (+2.1) Licensed banks 139 149 153 Restricted licence banks 29 19 21 Deposit-taking companies 29 26 24Deposits from 5,868.9 7,591.3 8,297.4 customers(1) (HK$ billion) (+23.4) (+10.6) (+9.3) Licensed banks 5,838.6 7,567.7 8,277.0 Restricted licence banks 24.8 17.2 13.3 Deposit-taking companies 5.4 6.4 7.0Loans and advances for use in 2,274.3 3,361.7 3,598.1 Hong Kong(1) (2) (HK$ billion) (+15.2) (+12.5) (+7.0) Licensed banks 2,225.3 3,324.1 3,554.9 Restricted licence banks 30.1 16.9 21.4 Deposit-taking companies 18.9 20.7 21.8Total loans and advances to 2,961.7 5,080.7 5,569.3 customers(1) (HK$ billion) (+20.0) (+20.2) (+9.6) Licensed banks 2,876.4 5,020.5 5,506.4 Restricted licence banks 58.5 34.4 35.5 Deposit-taking companies 26.7 25.8 27.5
Notes : Figures are as at end of the year.(1) Figures are subject to revision to take into account any subsequent
amendments submitted by authorized institutions.(2) Excluding loans for trade financing.
Hong Kong dollar interest rates% per annum
2007 2011 2012
Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate(1)
Overnight 1.88 0.13 0.06 3 months 3.31 0.33 0.50Best lending rate(2) 7.59 5.00 5.00Savings deposits rate(3) 2.10 0.01 0.01
Notes : (1) Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate (HIBOR) is the rate of interest offered on Hong Kong dollar loans by banks in the interbank market for a specified period ranging from overnight to one year. Figures are the middle closing rates quoted by the Standard Chartered Bank in the interbank money market as at the end of the year.
(2) Rate quoted by the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited. Figures are the average rates in the year.
(3) Figures are the average rates compiled by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.
37
Exchange rates2007 2011 2012
Hong Kong dollar per unit of foreign currency Chinese Renminbi 1.0300 1.2069 1.2304 US dollar 7.801 7.784 7.756 Euro 10.70 10.84 9.97 Japanese Yen 0.0664 0.0978 0.0973
Note : Figures are the averages of the daily closing middle-market rates for the respective years.
Effective Exchange Rate Index(January 2010=100)
2007 2011 2012
Effective Exchange Rate Index for the 106.3 94.6 94.9 Hong Kong dollar (Trade (import
and export) -weighted)(1)
Note : (1) The weights used are based on the average trade pattern of 2009 to 2010.
Value of stock exchange turnover, market capitalisation and index of share prices
2007 2011 2012
Main BoardTurnover (HK$ billion) 21,506.3 17,091.1 13,267.5Market capitalisation(1) (HK$ billion) 20,536.5 17,452.7 21,871.7Hang Seng Index (31.7.1964=100) High 31 638.2 24 419.6 22 666.6 Low 18 664.9 16 250.3 18 185.6 Closing 27 812.7 18 434.4 22 656.9
Hang Seng Composite Index (3.1.2000=2 000) High 4 532.5 3 425.0 3 113.1 Low 2 560.0 2 191.7 2 502.6 Closing 3 935.4 2 546.6 3 113.1
Hang Seng China Enterprises Index (3.1.2000=2 000) High 20 400.1 13 684.1 11 826.8 Low 8 528.5 8 102.6 9 020.3 Closing 16 124.7 9 936.5 11 436.2
Notes : All high and low indices are compiled based on the daily closing indices of the year.(1) Figures are as at end of the year.
38
Science and Technology
Penetration of information technology in the householdsector
Percentages
2007 2010 2012
Households with personal computersat home(1)
74.2 77.9 80.3
Households with personal computersat home connected to Internet(1)
70.1 76.4 78.6
Notes : Figures for 2007 refer to July to September, figures for 2010 refer to October to December and figures for 2012 refer to February to April.(1) As a percentage of all households in Hong Kong.
Usage of information technology among household members
Percentages
2007 2009(2) 2012
Persons aged 10 and over who had used personal computers during the 12 months before enumeration(1)
66.4 70.2 73.4
Persons aged 10 and over who had used Internet services during the 12 months before enumeration(1)
64.8 69.4 72.8
Notes : Figures for 2007 refer to July to September, figures for 2009 refer to June to August and figures for 2012 refer to February to April.(1) As a percentage of all persons aged 10 and over in Hong Kong.(2) Figures for 2010 are not available.
39
Transport, Communications and Tourism
Data on the following categories of statistics include the corresponding flows/transactions between Hong Kong and the mainland of China :(i) Inward and outward movements of aircraft, vessels and cargoes;(ii) Postal services;(iii) Hong Kong resident departures; and(iv) Visitor arrivals.
Inward and outward movements of aircraft and ocean vessels
2007 2011 2012#
Aircraft (’000) 295 334 352Ocean vessels (million net registered tonnage) 743 852 827
Inward and outward movements of cargo’000 tonnes
2007 2011 2012
Discharged By air 1 352 1 442 1 463#
By water(1) 141 324 157 841 155 900#
By ocean 109 435 120 185 118 600#
By river 31 889 37 656 37 300#
By road 20 372 15 906* 15 443 By rail(2)(3) 121 — — Total 163 170 175 190 172 806#
Loaded By air 2 390 2 496 2 562#
By water(1) 104 109 119 603 116 300#
By ocean 67 912 74 742 72 500#
By river 36 197 44 862 43 800#
By road 15 767 10 811* 10 783 By rail(2)(3) 20 — — Total 122 286 132 910 129 646#
Notes : (1) Ocean refers to transport by vessels operating beyond the river trade limits, while river refers to transport by vessels operating exclusively within the river trade limits.
(2) Figures exclude livestock.(3) The MTR Corporation Limited had terminated the railway cross-boundary
cargo transportation services from 16 June 2010 onwards.
Port container throughput’000 TEUs
2007 2011 2012#
Inward 12 041 12 294 11 685Outward 11 958 12 090 11 441Total 23 998 24 384 23 126
Note : TEU refers to a 20-foot equivalent unit.
40
Public transport passenger journeys’000
2007 2011 2012#
Average daily passenger journeys 11 523 11 914 12 092
Note : Figures are averages of the whole year.
Motor vehicles licensed by type’000
Type 2007 2011 2012
Private cars 372 435 455Motor cycles (including motor tricycles) 37 39 40Taxis 18 18 18Buses, public and private 13 13 13Light buses, public and private 6 7 7Goods vehicles 111 111 113Special purpose vehicles 1 1 1Government vehicles (excluding military 6 6 6 vehicles)Total 565 630 653
Note : Figures are as at end of the year.
Public roadsKilometres
2007 2011 2012
Length of public roads 2 009 2 086 2 090
Postal services2007 2011 2012
Letter mail (million articles) 1 404 1 297 1 355Parcels (‘000) 1 046 1 392 1 468
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Access to information and communication technology
2007 2011 2012
Number of telephone lines(1) (‘000) Business 1 807 1 840 1 843 Residential 2 282 2 412 2 417 Total 4 089 4 252 4 260Number of fixed telephone lines 589 598 597 per 1 000 populationNumber of facsimile lines (‘000) 352 233 215Number of public mobile subscribers(2) 10 589 14 931 16 385 (‘000) [5 698] [7 166] [7 592]Public mobile subscribers 1 526 2 099 2 296 per 1 000 population (2) [821] [1 008] [1 064]Number of 2.5G/3G/4G public mobile 2 947 8 127 9 971 subscribers(3) (‘000)Average volume of mobile data usage 11 509 716
per 2.5G/3G/4G subscriber per month(4) (megabytes)Number of licensed Internet service 191 185 185 providers (ISPs)(5)
Number of customers of licensed ISPs(6)
Registered customer accounts with 634 789 824 dial-up access(7) (‘000) Registered broadband Internet access 1 853 2 245 2 266
customer accounts (‘000)Fixed Internet subscribers 359 427 433 per 1 000 population Fixed broadband Internet subscribers 267 316 317
per 1 000 populationMobile broadband subscriptions 289 1 043 1 304 per 1 000 populationInternational Internet bandwidth 266.0 913.1 1 105.0 per person (8)
(kilobits per second (kbps))
Notes : Unless otherwise specified, figures for 2007 and 2011 are as at end of the year, whereas those for 2012 are as at the end of November.(1) Figures include direct dialing in lines, facsimile lines, datel lines and Internet
Protocol (IP) telephony/voice-over-IP (VoIP) services.(2) Including pre-paid SIM cards. Figures excluding pre-paid SIM cards are
presented in square brackets.(3) Figures include subscribers of pre-paid SIM cards.
(4) Figures for 2007 and 2011 refer to December of the respective years, whereas figure for 2012 refers to November.
(5) Including all licensees authorised to provide Internet access services.(6) Estimated figures are based on the return from the ISPs and do not include
users who are not customers of the licensed ISPs.(7) Excluding Internet pre-paid calling cards.
(8) Figures for 2007 and 2011 refer to December of the respective years, whereas figure for 2012 refers to September.
42
Arrivals and departures of passengers by mode of transport
‘000
Mode of transport 2007 2011 2012
Arrivals By air 15 385 18 160 19 346
By sea(1) 12 580 12 797 12 647 By land 80 987 95 778 101 955 Total 108 951 126 734 133 948
Departures By air 14 750 17 334 18 426
By sea(1) 13 893 14 495 14 732 By land 80 166 94 840 100 620 Total 108 809 126 670 133 778
Note : (1) Including passengers to/from Macao by helicopters.
Hong Kong resident departures by control point‘000
Control point 2007 2011 2012
Airport 6 141 7 130 7 809Harbour Control(1) 253 137 133Macau Ferry Terminal 5 083 5 765 5 510China Ferry Terminal(1) 3 458 2 311 2 204Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal(2) 77 144 116River Trade Terminal § § §Hung Hom Control Point 910 876 916Lo Wu Control Point 39 646 36 258 35 394Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point(3) 2 186 13 092 14 687Lok Ma Chau Control Point 19 035 10 773 9 855Man Kam To Control Point(4) 987 86 109Sha Tau Kok Control Point 1 244 1 155 1 124Shenzhen Bay Control Point(5) 1 664 7 089 7 421Total 80 682 84 816 85 276
(+6.4) (+0.4) (+0.5)
Notes : Figures exclude drivers.(1) Including passengers by cruises to high seas.(2) Ferry services at Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal were suspended from 16 December
2010 to 14 April 2011. Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal then provided ferry services between Tuen Mun and Macao during 15 April 2011 to 30 June 2012. From 1 July 2012, ferry services at the Terminal have been suspended until further notice.
(3) Started operation as from 15 August 2007.(4) From 22 February 2010, clearance services for passengers at Man Kam To
Control Point, except the clearance services for goods vehicles and cross-boundary students, are suspended. From 27 March 2010, clearance services are also provided to passengers using limited cross-boundary bus services.
(5) Started operation as from 1 July 2007.§ Less than 500 departures.
43
Visitor arrivals by country/territory of residence‘000
Country/territory of residence 2007 2011 2012
America 1 784 1 821 1 778Europe, Africa & the Middle East 2 189 2 194 2 228Australia, New Zealand & South Pacific 757 758 741North Asia 2 201 2 305 2 333South & Southeast Asia 2 888 3 751 3 652Taiwan 2 239 2 149 2 089The mainland of China 15 486 28 100 34 911Macao/not identified 626 843 883Total 28 169 41 921 48 615
(+11.6) (+16.4) (+16.0)
Hotel accommodation2007 2011 2012
All hotels Number of hotels(1) 140 190 211 Number of rooms(1) 51 581 62 830 67 394 Room occupancy rate(2) (%) 86 89 89
Tourist guesthouses Number of tourist guesthouses(1) 511 646 718
Number of rooms(1) 5 068 6 211 6 818 Room occupancy rate(2) (%) 73 86 85
Notes : (1) Figures cover all hotels and tourist guesthouses with licences for operation issued by the Office of the Licensing Authority of the Home Affairs Department. Figures are as at end of the year.
(2) Figures refer to the whole year.
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Education
Student enrolment(1) by level of education‘000
Level of education 2007/08 2011/12 2012/13#
Kindergarten(2) 138.4 159.0 166.4Primary(3) 389.9 326.2 320.7Secondary(3)(4) 513.8 486.9 439.1Post-secondary(5)(6) 276.6 296.7 332.5
Notes : Figures refer to the beginning of the respective school/academic years. The beginning and ending months of a school/academic year may vary among different educational and training institutions.
(1) Figures include both full-time and part-time students attending long programmes lasting for at least one school/academic year. Figures do not include students attending adult education/tutorial/vocational courses.
(2) Figures include pupils attending kindergarten classes (i.e. nursery, lower and upper classes) in kindergarten-cum-child care centres. Figures from 2008/09 onwards also include special child care centres registered under the Social Welfare Department.
(3) Figures include students in special schools. (4) Apart from day schools and special schools, figures also include students
attending evening schools, craft level courses and programmes of the Project Yi Jin/Yi Jin Diploma.
(5) Figures include students attending universities and colleges offering post-secondary courses including certificate/diploma, associate degree or equivalent and bachelor degree or above; and also non-local registered or exempted courses leading to non-local higher academic qualifications and jointly operated with non-local institutions.
(6) Starting from 2007/08, figures also include all students attending self-financing programmes offered by the University Grants Committee-funded institutions and their extension arms.
Distribution of educational attainment of population aged 15 and over **
Percentages
Educational attainment 2007 2011 2012#
Primary and below 23.7 21.2 20.8Secondary(1) 51.9 52.0 51.7Post-secondary Non-degree course 8.1 7.4 7.6 Degree course 16.3 19.4 19.9Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Note : (1) Persons with educational attainment at secondary level refer to those with Secondary 1 to Secondary 7 education or equivalent level.
45
Health
Expectation of life at birth by sexYears
Sex 2007 2011 2012#
Male 79.4 80.3 80.6Female 85.4 86.7 86.3
Registered deaths and death rate by leading cause of death
2011 2012#
Cause Number Rate(1) Number Rate(1)
Malignant neoplasms 13 241 187.2 13 190 184.4Diseases of heart 6 334 89.6 6 254 87.4Pneumonia 6 211 87.8 6 866 96.0Cerebrovascular diseases 3 339 47.2 3 251 45.4Chronic lower 1 965 27.8 1 980 27.7 respiratory diseases
Notes : Ranking of causes of death is in accordance with the number of registered deaths in the year of 2011.(1) Death rate per 100 000 population.
Infant mortality rate2007 2011 2012#
Infant mortality rate 1.7 1.4 1.5 (per 1 000 registered live births)
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Hospital beds and selected types of registered healthcare professionals
2007 2011 2012
Hospital beds Cap. 165 Ordinance definition(1)
34 928 36 121 36 579[5.0] [5.1] [5.1]
OECD definition(2) 29 057 28 443 28 471[4.2] [4.0] [4.0]
Doctors(3) 11 961 12 818 13 006[1.7] [1.8] [1.8]
Chinese medicine practitioners Registered Chinese medicine 5 540 6 414 6 565
practitioners(4) [0.8] [0.9] [0.9] Chinese medicine practitioners 79 70 74
with limited registration(5) [§] [§] [§] Listed Chinese medicine 2 847 2 746 2 733 practitioners(6) [0.4] [0.4] [0.4]
Dentists(3) 2 025 2 215 2 258[0.3] [0.3] [0.3]
Nurses(7) 36 965 41 310 43 698[5.3] [5.8] [6.1]
Pharmacists 1 722 2 050 2 127[0.2] [0.3] [0.3]
Notes : Figures are as at end of the year. Figures in square brackets refer to the rates per 1 000 population . Rates for 2012 are provisional figures.(1) Figures include all hospital beds in Hospital Authority hospitals, private
hospitals, nursing homes and correctional institutions, which follow the coverage of the Hospitals, Nursing Homes and Maternity Homes Registration Ordinance (Cap. 165) of Hong Kong.
(2) Figures include only hospital beds in Hospital Authority hospitals and private hospitals excluding accident and emergency observation beds, day beds and nursery beds, which follow the definition of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Health Data.
(3) Figures refer to the doctors/dentists with full registration on the local and overseas lists.
(4) After full implementation of the Chinese Medicine Ordinance, Cap. 549, Laws of Hong Kong, all Chinese medicine practitioners (CMPs) should be registered before they can practise Chinese medicine in Hong Kong. Any person who wishes to be a registered CMP should have satisfactorily completed an approved undergraduate degree course of training in Chinese medicine practice, taken and passed the Licensing Examination.
(5) CMPs with limited registration are allowed to perform clinical teaching and research in Chinese medicine in the specified educational and scientific research institutions. The registration period of CMPs with limited registration should not exceed one year and they cannot engage in private practice with patients.
(6) Listed CMPs can practise lawfully in Hong Kong under the transitional arrangements for registration of CMPs until a date to be announced by the Secretary for Food and Health in the Gazette. Listed CMPs may become registered CMPs through direct registration, registration assessment or licensing examination during the transitional arrangements.
(7) Figures refer to registered nurses and enrolled nurses.§ Less than 0.05.
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Social Welfare
Social security2007 2011 2012
Comprehensive Social Security Assistance Scheme Number of cases(1) (‘000) 288 277 269 Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) 17,638 18,493 19,548
Social Security Allowance Scheme Disability Allowance Number of cases(1) (‘000) 121 140 147 Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) 1,718 2,613 2,850 Old Age Allowance Number of cases(1) (‘000) 471 518 539 Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) 3,799 6,449 6,894
Traffic Accident Victims Assistance Scheme Number of cases authorised for 7 818 7 054 7 579 payment Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) 155 187 170Notes : (1) Figures are as at end of the year.
(2) Figures refer to financial years of 2006–07, 2010–11 and 2011–12.
Law and Order
Reported crimes by type of offenceCases reported
Type of offence 2007 2011 2012
Violent crime 14 934 13 100 12 821Non-violent crime 65 862 62 836 63 109Total 80 796 75 936 75 930Overall crime rate (per 100 000 population) 1 168 1 074 1 064Violent crime rate (per 100 000 population) 216 185 180
Persons arrested for crime by type of offencePersons arrested
Type of offence 2007 2011 2012
Violent crime 10 703 8 962 9 039Non-violent crime 32 237 29 365 29 576Total 42 940 38 327 38 615Rate of persons arrested for crime 670 583 582
(per 100 000 population)
48
Further Information
Figures presented in this booklet refer to those released up to end-February 2013. Readers who would like to obtain current statistical information on Hong Kong may visit the “Hong Kong Statistics” section of the Census and Statistics Department (C&SD) Website (www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/bbs.jsp). The section is regularly updated and it also provides hyperlinks to relevant government websites for facilitating retrieval of other official statistics of Hong Kong.
For more detailed information, please refer to the following publications :
1. Hong Kong Monthly Digest of StatisticsProvides up-to-date statistical information about various aspects ofeconomic and social situation of Hong Kong.
2. Hong Kong Annual Digest of StatisticsProvides detailed annual statistical series about various aspects ofeconomic and social development of Hong Kong.
The above publications and other publications compiled by the Department can be obtained from the following channels :
Website
Users may download statistical publications free of charge from the C&SD Website (www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/srh/index.jsp).
Publications Unit of C&SD
Some publications of C&SD are available in print versions. These print versions and CD-ROM products are available for purchase and collection on the spot at the Publications Unit of C&SD. The Unit also provides a reading area where users may browse through the latest issue of various publications of the Department on display. Publicity/educational leaflets and pamphlets of the Department are also available for collection.
The address of the Publications Unit is :
19/F, Wanchai Tower, 12 Harbour Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. (Tel. : (852) 2582 3025; Fax : (852) 2827 1708)
Mail order service
Some publications of C&SD are available in print versions and are offered for sale online at the Government Bookstore of the Information Services Department (www.bookstore.gov.hk). A mail order form for ordering print versions of publications is also available for downloading on the website of the Department (www.censtatd.gov.hk/service_desk/list/mail/index.jsp). Completed form should be sent back together with a cheque or bank draft covering all necessary cost.
Hong Kongin Figures
2013 Edition
Government of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region
Cover designed by the Information Services DepartmentPrinted by the Government Logistics DepartmentHong Kong Special Administrative Region Government(Printed with environmentally friendly ink on recycled paper)
