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7/27/2019 La optimización de la recuperación de quitina de crustáceos desechos
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Journal of Biotechnology 131S (2007) S188–S195
Industrial Biotechnology
INNOVATIVE DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING
1.
Evaluating biopharmaceutical economics and capacity with
process modelling and simulation tools
Victor Papavasileiou a,∗, Demetri Petrides b
a Intelligen Europe, Leiden, Netherlandsb Intelligen, Inc., 2326 Morse Avenue, Scotch Plains, 07076 NJ,
United States
The capital investment for new biopharmaceutical manufac-
turing facilities is around D 4000L−1 of bioreactor capacity.
Moderate to large facilities can cost hundreds of millions of
Euros, yet such investments are often made with uncertain infor-
mation about process performance, media and materials prices,
and market conditions. This paper presents a systematic way
to evaluate the critical costs and capacity issues in biophar-
maceutical plants. Examples will be presented on determining
the target product titre, optimising bioreactor batch size and
choosing where or whether to use disposable (single-use) equip-ment. Since many process decisions must be based on partial
or uncertain information, this presentation will also describe
how to evaluate the risk associated with process and economic
assumptions.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.333
2.
Biotechnological process for chitin recovery out of shrimp
waste
Gabriele Daum a, Helen Stober a, Kerstin Veltrup b, Friedhelm
Meinhardt b, Bernward Bisping a,∗
a University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Division
of Food Microbiology/Hygiene, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Ohn-
horststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germanyb Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Institut fuer
Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Corrensstr. 3,
48149 Muenster, Germany
Chitin (poly-(1→ 4)- N -acetyl-d-glucosamine), a polysaccha-
ride which is common in the carapace of insects and crustacea,
is needed as precursor for chitosan. Chitin, in particular its
deacetylated derivative chitosan, has numerous applications,
such as in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, dairy prod-
ucts, in waste water treatment, agriculture and biotechnological
products. Routinely applications require specific structures, and
effectiveness of polymers wasshown to depend on themolecular
weight and the degree of acetylation (Muzzarelli et al., 1986).Exosceletonsof crustaceans arethe key sourceof chitin. Lim-
itations of utilization are high costs for purification done by
chemical processes, which include alternating acid and alkali
treatments, resulting in large amounts of liquid waste of harsh
chemicals.
A biotechnological reconditioning of shrimp shell waste rep-
resents an alternative. Such process includes deproteinization of
shrimp waste and removal of calcium carbonate (Healy et al.,
1994). Since the application of enzymes, though effectively used
in laboratory scale (Gagne and Simpson, 1993), causes uneco-
nomical production costs, the use of living microbes, facilitating
efficient chitin purification, is desirable.
For demineralization of shrimp shells a fermentation withlactic acid bacteria was performed. Using 25% (w/v) waste, up
to 95% of mineral salts were removed.
In a further fermentation proteins were hydrolyzed by Bacil-
lus licheniformis. A chitinase-deficient strain was isolated from
Indonesian shrimp waste and microscopically and physiologi-
cally determined. Molecular characterization was performed by
sequencing the 16S rRNA gene.
Genetic work for enhancing protease production was suc-
cessfully performed.
References
Gagne, N., Simpson, B.K., 1993. Food Biotechnol. 7, 253–263.
Healy, M., Romo, R., Bustos, R., 1994. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 11, 139–147.
Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Tanfani, F., Emanuelli, M., Chiurazzi, E., Piani, M., 1986.
In: Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Jeuniaux, C., Gooday, G.W. (Eds.), Chitin in Nature
and Technology. Plenum Press, New York, p. 469.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.334
0168-1656/$ – see front matter
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.332