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Lab 03
ObjectivesWhat is an Operating System?Various types of Operating SystemsBuilt-in features of Microsoft Windows
Operating System• A program that acts as an intermediary
between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.
• Operating system goals:– Execute user programs and make solving
user problems easier.– Make the computer system convenient to
use.– Use the computer hardware in an efficient
manner.
Types of Operating SystemsSingle user/Single tasking OSSingle user/Multitasking OSMulti user/Multitasking OS
Graphical User InterfaceGraphical user interface (GUI)
Most common interfaceUses a mouse to control objectsShortcuts open programs or documentsOpen documents have additional objectsTask switchingDialog boxes allow directed input
Command Line InterfaceCommand line interfaces
Older interfaceDOS, Linux, UNIX
User types commands at a promptUser must remember all commandsIncluded in all GUIs
Different Operating SystemsWindowsLinuxMac OSSolarisRed Hat LinuxJavaUbuntuFedora
WindowsDeveloped by MicrosoftWindows is a GUI (Graphical User
Interface)Almost all applications and games are
compatibleAvailable in different flavorsAs of July 2009, Windows had
approximately 93% of the market share of the client operating systems for usage on the Internet
Starting your computerTo start your computer just turn on the
power switch or power bar.The computer will take a few minutes to
go through its initialization procedure and might ask you to enter password.
If computer was shut improperly, you may see a screen saying Windows would like to check your files for errors.
Shutting down your computerWindows is very demanding about being
shut down properly (do not just shut the power off).
Move your cursor to “start” button and click on “Turn Off Computer”.
Choose the option you wish.WAIT (Windows will go through an
elaborate process of making sure all programs are shut down. )
Restarting your computerSometimes your computer will start doing funny
things or your mouse will stop working etc.Try ALT + CTL + DELETEIf you see a program is not responding, you can
try to highlight that program and press the “End Task” button.
If nothing happens try to restart your computer.You might need to do a hard reset in worst
cases.
MousePointing device that moves pointer or
cursorPoint and click (tip of the arrow is the
point)Left and right buttons Start programs - 1 click vs 2 clicksHighlight text (click and drag)Practice makes perfect
Common Cursor Types
Scrolling PagesMouse
Click on up and down arrowsor
Click on up and down keys in the scroll baror
Click and drag the small box appearing in scroll bar
Keyboard (make sure cursor is on page by clicking on empty space)Use arrow keysUse page up, page down, home and end
Opening ProgramsIf on desktop as icon, double click on
icon. You may use “Enter” as well.Click on “Start” button, move cursor up
to “All Programs”. After menu on the right appears move cursor over to menu and up or down to required program. Click on program
Closing ProgramsClick on the X icon in the top right hand
corner of the window .Right click on program from taskbar and
choose "Quit” or “Exit” or “Close”. Hold down the Alt key and press F4.
Title bar
Menu barTool bar
Format bar
Status bar
Using Menu BarsAll Windows programs have a menu bar and
everything you can do with that program will be available from one of the drop-down menus
Place tip of the cursor on the word in Menu bar and click. Move cursor down drop-down menu to action you want to perform and click.
If item has an arrow pointing to the right move cursor to the right to see the submenu.
Menu items common to most Windows programs
File (includes New file, open file, save and print functions)
Edit (includes Find and Cut, Copy and Paste)View (allows you to change the look of screen by
adding and subtracting bars like tool bar)Tools (most programs but program specific)Window (allows you arrange windows and
choose between different files)Help used to give help in program’s functions
and gives version no. for troubleshooting purposes
Using Tool BarsIcons which represent frequently used
actionsPlace tip of cursor in middle of icon and
clickOpening files, printing, and saving files
are common in tool barsIf you do not know what an icon
signifies, move cursor over the icon and wait for a couple of seconds and a brief description will appear.
Handling filesOrganized hierarchy
My Documents (equivalent of filing cabinet)Folders (drawers)
(eg. House related items)Subfolders
(folders within drawer)Documents
(papers within folders)
Windows ExplorerOpen by right clicking on “Start” button
or going to start -> All Programs -> Accessories
Left-hand pane is hierarchical organization of your computer (includes folders only, no files)+ means subfolders are available under
heading- means all folders have been displayed
Right-hand pane lists all folder or files of the highlighted folder
Saving FilesSaving files for first time is “Save as”“Save” will save previously saved item in
same place as before wiping out originalWhen saving a file always remember to
check that “Save in” box is correctFailure to change to correct folder can make it
difficult to find file when needed
Opening FilesPut cursor on word “File” in file menu and
click. Move down the drop-down menu to “Open” and click
If you do not get the Dialog box with the “Look in” box in it, click on the box labeled “Browse”
You can also open a file by finding it in Windows Explorer and double clicking on it
Deleting FilesHighlight the file you want to delete and
press the delete key.Right click on the file and select “Delete”.Drag the file to the recycle bin.
Creating ShortcutsA shortcut is a pointer to a file or program
on your hard drive.A shortcut can be identified by an arrow
in the icon.Shortcuts can be deleted without deleting
the original program.Using Windows Explorer.
Hard Drive MaintenanceMonthly scan of your hard drive
Checks your drive for bad segments and marks them so that hard drive does not try to save things there
Monthly or semi-annual defragmentationChecks to make different parts of same file are
not stored in different places on hard drive (happens when files are resaved many times) in order to improve performance of hard drive
Control PanelAdd HardwareAdd or Remove ProgramsDate and TimeDisplayFolder OptionsKeyboardMousePrinters and FaxesRegional and Language SettingsSounds and Audio DevicesSystemTaskbar and Start MenuUser Accounts
HelpPrimary source of information about
Windows.Index tab can be used for detailed
information on specific topics.You can find information about printing a
document by searching keyword “printing” and selecting “documents”. Then click “Display” to see search results.
SearchUsed for searching files and folders in
your drives.You can specify file name, file type and
drive(s) to search.Search results are displayed on the right
side.
Recycle BinDeleted files and folders are temporarily
stored in Recycle Bin.You can retrieve the file or delete it
permanently from Recycle Bin.To retrieve, open Recycle Bin. Right click
on the icon you want to retrieve and select “Restore”.
To permanently delete file or folder, use “Empty Recycle Bin” option.
Task ManagerProvides detailed information about
computer performance, running applications, processes, CPU usage, memory information, logged-in users, and system services etc.
Can be used to set process priorities, forcibly terminate processes, shut down, restart, hibernate and log off from Windows.
Pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del or Ctrl+Shift+Esc directly launches Task Manager. You can also start “taskmgr.exe” from command prompt.
Further StudyHistory of Microsoft Windows
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Windows
Learning Windows XP
http://www.learnthat.com/courses/computer/windowsxp/
Windows Helphttp://www.helpwithwindows.com/