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13 Root Pathogens Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink Armillaria root disease Diagram: A common root disease of conifers in the southern half of BC, Alberta, and adjacent parts of the USA. In the parasitic phase it forms large, white mycelial fans along the phloem and cambium of the tree being invaded. It also produces rhizomorphs shoestring like structures that grow through soil to contact and invade new roots. The fruiting body is a light tan mushroom produced in clumps at the base of infected trees in the fall. The decay is a stringy white rot, mainly in sapwood. Some tree species (e.g. Douglasfir, spruces) exhibit basal resinosis as well as the general root disease crown symptoms. Notes:

Lab 03 Root Path - University of British Columbia

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Page 1: Lab 03 Root Path - University of British Columbia

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Root  Pathogens  Armillaria  ostoyae  (Romagn.)  Herink      

Armillaria  root  disease      

    Diagram:  

A  common  root  disease  of  conifers  in  the  southern  half  of  BC,  Alberta,  and  adjacent  parts  of  the  USA.    In  the  parasitic  phase  it  forms  large,  white  mycelial  fans  along  the  phloem  and  cambium  of  the  tree  being  invaded.    It  also  produces  rhizomorphs  -­‐  shoe-­‐string  like  structures  that  grow  through  soil  to  contact  and  invade  new  roots.    The  fruiting  body  is  a  light  tan  mushroom  produced  in  clumps  at  the  base  of  infected  trees  in  the  fall.    The  decay  is  a  stringy  white  rot,  mainly  in  sapwood.    Some  tree  species  (e.g.  Douglas-­‐fir,  spruces)  exhibit  basal  resinosis  as  well  as  the  general  root  disease  crown  symptoms.      

 

   

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Ophiostoma  wageneri  (Goheen  and  Cobb)  Harrington  Black  stain  root  disease        

    Diagram:  

A  pathogen  that  resembles  wilt  diseases.    It  cannot  digest  wood  nor  live  for  very  long  in  dead  wood.    The  fungal  hyphae  grow  in  the  outer  sapwood  where  they  produce  a  black  stain  in  tangential  bands.    Fruiting  bodies  are  small  and  rare  and  not  useful  for  field  identification.    Stains  of  this  sort  are  common  in  dead  conifers.    In  order  to  diagnose  black  stain  root  disease,  one  must  have  a  declining  crown  and  typical  bands  of  stain  in  the  sapwood  while  the  tree  is  still  alive,  and  symptoms  of  other  common  root  diseases  are  absent.  

 

 

   

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Heterobasidion  annosum  (Fr.:Fr.)  Bref.  

Annosus  root  and  butt  rot      

    Diagram:  

A  root  disease  of  conifers,  particularly  hemlock,  spruce  and  Abies  (the  'S'  race)  or  pines  (the  'P'  race).    Large  basidiocarps  at  the  base  of  infected  trees,  sometimes  buried  in  the  duff.    Often  occurs  as  butt  rot,  with  increment  reduction  but  not  tree  death  (for  the  'S'  race,  the  only  race  known  in  BC).    Decay  a  pitted  soft  white  rot.    This  species  produces  abundant  asexual  spores.    A  primary  invader  of  wounds.  

 

 

 

 

   

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Onnia  tomentosa  (Fr.)  Karst  

Inonotus  tomentosus  (Fr.:Fr)  Teng  Tomentosus  root  rot      

    Diagram:  

The  major  root  disease  of  northern  and  high  elevation  forests.    Mainly  on  spruce  and  on  pine  in  stands  where  it  is  mixed  with  spruce.    Root  disease  centers  are  small  (2-­‐6  trees).    Decay  is  a  brittle,  pitted  white  rot  with  rather  large  pits.    Red  stain  in  the  early  stages  of  invasion.    The  fruiting  body  is  a  medium-­‐sized,  annual,  stipitate  polypore  produced  above  infected  roots  and  at  the  base  of  diseased  trees.  

 

 

 

   

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Phaeolus  schweinitzii  (Fr.:Fr.)  Pat.  Schweinitzii  butt  rot      

    Diagram:  

A  butt  rot  of  conifers,  particularly  spruce  and  Douglas-­‐fir.    Decay  is  a  brown  cubical  rot.    Large,  stipitate,  felty  brown,  annual  fruiting  bodies  are  produced  above  infected  roots.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

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Phellinus  sulphurascens  Laminated  root  rot  

Phellinus  weirii  (Murr.)  Gilbn.  

Cedar  butt  rot      

    Diagram:  

A  common  root  rot  of  conifers.    Found  roughly  throughout  the  geographic  range  of  Douglas-­‐fir.    Hosts,  in  order  of  susceptibility,  Abies,  Douglas-­‐fir,  larches,  spruces,  hemlocks.    Thuja,  Chamaecyparus,  and  Pines  are  resistant.    All  hardwoods  are  immune.    Symptoms  include:  general  root  rot  symptoms;  an  ectotrophic  grey-­‐white  mycelial  sheeth  on  roots  in  the  mineral  soil,  sometimes  covered  by  a  brown  papery  layer;  red  stain  in  the  inner  sapwood  above  infected  roots;  and  a  pitted  laminar  decay  with  brown  setal  hyphae  in  the  pits.      

 

   

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