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Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food Scientists use a device called a “calorimeter”, shown in Figure 1, to measure the amount of chemical potential energy in all sorts of materials.. To determine the chemical energy of a material, scientists first measure the mass of a sample of the material. They then place the sample in a sealed container called a “bomb”. They put the bomb in a well-insulated container filled with a known volume of water. An electrical spark from inside the bomb starts the sample burning. The water in the container absorbs the energy released by the burned sample. A thermometer measures the change in the temperature of the water. The potential energy of the original material is equal to the thermal energy transferred to the water. Figure 1. Calorimeter “Bomb” In this activity, you will use a simplified calorimeter device made out of a soda can to measure the amount of calories in a sample of food. SAFETY MEASURES 1. Wear safety goggles during this investigation 2. Long hair must be tied back. 3. If anything other than the food material begins to burn, notify your teacher immediately 4. Be especially careful to keep clothing and sleeves away from the open flame. 5. The can may become quite hot. Carefully follow all instructions written in the procedure and provided by your teacher. 6. A note about food sensitivities: if you are allergic to any of the food items, please notify your teacher. Sensitive individuals should not participate in the burning of the material that may result in exposure. 7. No eating or drinking in the lab.

Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food - Christina … · 2017-01-24 · Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food DATA COLLECTION TABLE Measurement Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample

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Page 1: Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food - Christina … · 2017-01-24 · Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food DATA COLLECTION TABLE Measurement Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample

LabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFoodLabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFoodScientistsuseadevicecalleda“calorimeter”,showninFigure1,tomeasuretheamountofchemicalpotentialenergyinallsortsofmaterials..Todeterminethechemicalenergyofamaterial,scientistsfirstmeasurethemassofasampleofthematerial.Theythenplacethesampleinasealedcontainercalleda“bomb”.Theyputthebombinawell-insulatedcontainerfilledwithaknownvolumeofwater.Anelectricalsparkfrominsidethebombstartsthesampleburning.Thewaterinthecontainerabsorbstheenergyreleasedbytheburnedsample.Athermometermeasuresthechangeinthetemperatureofthewater.Thepotentialenergyoftheoriginalmaterialisequaltothethermalenergytransferredtothewater.Figure1.Calorimeter“Bomb”

Inthisactivity,youwilluseasimplifiedcalorimeterdevicemadeoutofasodacantomeasuretheamountofcaloriesinasampleoffood.SAFETYMEASURES

1. Wearsafetygogglesduringthisinvestigation2. Longhairmustbetiedback.3. Ifanythingotherthanthefoodmaterialbeginstoburn,notifyyourteacher

immediately4. Beespeciallycarefultokeepclothingandsleevesawayfromtheopenflame.5. Thecanmaybecomequitehot.Carefullyfollowallinstructionswrittenin

theprocedureandprovidedbyyourteacher.6. Anoteaboutfoodsensitivities:ifyouareallergictoanyofthefooditems,

pleasenotifyyourteacher.Sensitiveindividualsshouldnotparticipateintheburningofthematerialthatmayresultinexposure.

7. Noeatingordrinkinginthelab.

Page 2: Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food - Christina … · 2017-01-24 · Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food DATA COLLECTION TABLE Measurement Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample

LabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFoodLabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFood

Materials:Foreachgroup:Sodacan(empty)GlassStirringrodRingstandandringThermometerprobe(lab-quest)MiniadapterElectronicbalanceCorkMetalpaperclipGraduatedcylinderProcedure:CLEARSPACEOFALLFLAMMABLES1. Usingthegraduatedcylinder,obtain50mLofwaterandcarefullypourit

intothesodacan.2. Determinethemassofthewaterandrecordyourfindinginthedatatable

provided.(Hint:densityofwateris1g/mL)3. Holdthepapercliphorizontallyandbendtheouterendupwardsuntilit

isata90degreeangletotherestofthepaperclip.4. Obtainacorkandcoverthecorkwithaluminumfoil.5. Insertthepaperclipintothefoil-coveredcork.6. Insertthestirringrodthroughthesodacantabandpositionthecanin

theringstandsothatthestirringrodsupportsit(seeFigure2).

Figure2.

Page 3: Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food - Christina … · 2017-01-24 · Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food DATA COLLECTION TABLE Measurement Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample

LabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFoodLabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFood

7. Adjusttheringstandsothatthecanisapproximately4cmabovethefood

sample.

8. Suspendthethermometerinsidethecanandlettheedgeofthethermometercoverrestagainstthecan(seefigure3).

Figure3.

9. Attachthetemperatureprobetothelab-questminiadapterandconnectthistothedesktopcomputer

10. Open“loggerpro”andtakeaninitialtemperaturereadingofthewater.11. Measurethemassofyourfoodmaterialandrecorditinthedatatable.12. NowattachthefoodtothepaperclipasshowninFigure4.

Page 4: Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food - Christina … · 2017-01-24 · Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food DATA COLLECTION TABLE Measurement Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample

LabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFoodLabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFood

Figure4

13. Showyourteacheryourexperimentalset-upbeforeusingalightertoigniteyourfoodmaterial.

14. Onceyouhavereceivedapprovalforyourexperimentalsetup,initiatedatacollectioninlogger-proandigniteyourfoodmaterial.

15. Carefully,useamatchtolightyoursample.16. Allowthelitsampletoheatthewaterinthecan.Blacksootwill

accumulateontheunderneathsideofthecan.17. Monitorthetemperatureincreasewithloggerpro.18. Stopdatacollectionafterthesampleburnsout.19. Findtheremainingmassoftheburnedsample.20. Repeatforadditionalfoodsamplesastimepermits.

Page 5: Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food - Christina … · 2017-01-24 · Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food DATA COLLECTION TABLE Measurement Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample

LabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFoodLabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFoodDATACOLLECTIONTABLEMeasurement Sample1 Sample2 Sample3 Sample4 Sample5

Massofwater

Initialmass(foodpluspaperclip)g

InitialWatertemperature(Celsius)

FinalWaterTemperature(Celsius)

Finalmass(Foodsamplepluspaperclip)g

ΔT(oC)

Δ mass(g)

1.Calculatetheenergy(incalories)releasedbytheburningfoodsampleandabsorbedbythewater.

Q=mCpΔT

Q=heatabsorbedbythewater,m=massofwatering,Cp=1cal/goC,ΔT=changeintemperature

Q=________________calories

2.Prepareatableofyourresults.3.Determinethenumberofkilocalories(foodcalories)releasedbytheburningfoodsample.(1kilocalorie=1000calories)4.Calculatetheenergycontainedinthefoodinkilocalories/g5.Usinginformationonanutritionlabel,calculatekcal/g.(Dividecaloriesperservingbythenumberofgramsperserving).

Page 6: Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food - Christina … · 2017-01-24 · Lab Activity: Measuring Calories in Food DATA COLLECTION TABLE Measurement Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample

LabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFoodLabActivity:MeasuringCaloriesinFood

6.Compareyourexperimentallydeterminedenergycontent(inkilocalories/g)tothecalculatedvaluefromthenutritionlabel.Calculatethepercenterrorforyourexperiment.PostlabReflection:Pleasetypeyouranswerstothefollowingquestions.1. Explainthesourcesoferrorinyourexperiment.2. Explain,intermsofenergytransferandtransformation,whatcausedthe

temperatureofthewatertochange.3. Wasalloftheenergycontainedintheburningfoodtransferredtothe

water?Ifnot,explainwhathappenedtotheenergythatwasnottransferredtothewater.

4. Howcouldyouimproveuponthedesignofthiscalorimetersothatitwouldworkbetter?

a. Drawadetailedlabeleddiagramofyourimprovedcalorimeter.b. Explainwhythisdesignisbetterthantheonethatyouused.

5. Acuriousstudentwantedtoknowifthecalorimeterwouldworkwith

differentamountsofwater.Thetablebelowshowstheresultsfromherburningfoodmaterialofthesamesizeandmass,butusingvariedamountsofwaterinthecan.Explainfromthetablebelowwhetherthecalorimetermeasuredtheenergyinthefoodmaterialproperlywhenusedwitheachamountofwater.

Experiment Massofwater(g) ΔT(oC)Sample1 200 19Sample2 100 39Sample3 50 77


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