LAB. EXERCISE NO. 4 DR. ANSARI CONNECTIVE TISSUE PRELAB.4. BY PROF. DR.ANSARI 1 Sunday, November 22, 2015

LAB. EXERCISE NO. 4DR. ANSARI

CONNECTIVE TISSUEPRELAB.4.

BY PROF. DR.ANSARI1

Thursday, April 20, 2023

1. FEATURES/CHARACTERISTICS

2. CLASSIFICATION

3. EXAMPLES

4. APPLIED ANATOMY


2

OBJECTIVES

FEATURES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE1. THERE ARE

2. 1. CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS

3. 2. FIBERS

4. 3. GROUND SUBSTANCE/

5. AMORPHOUS SUBSTANCE

6. 4. LOT OF BLOOD VESSELS

7. 5. SPACES BETWEEN THE CELLS

3



4

The connective tissue connects all other basic tissues with each other.

It forms the skeletal system of the body.

It gives cover to all organs of the body, it forms capsules/ligaments/tendons/ fascia & aponeurosis.

The embryological connective tissue is called as mesenchyme.

The connective tissue connects all other basic tissues with each other.

It forms the skeletal system of the body.

It gives cover to all organs of the body, it forms capsules/ligaments/tendons/ fascia & aponeurosis.

The embryological connective tissue is called as mesenchyme.

TYPES OF CELLS IN CONNECTIVE TISSUES


5

FIXED CELLS1. Fibroblasts2. Adipocytes3. Pericytes

MOBILE CELLS1. Macrophages2. Plasma cells3.Neutrophils/basophils/eosinophils/

lymphocytes

Macrophage engulfing the bacteria


6

ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES


7

They are present in Lung tissue,

where they engulf the dust particles

Plasma cell has “clock” face appearance


8

THEY PRODUCE

COLLAGEN FIBERS/

ELASTIC FIBERS/

RETICULAR FIBERS AND

GROUND SUBSTANCE.


9

The fibroblast cells are in majority


The fibroblast cells produce collagen fibers, the active cells; the inactive cell is called as fibrocyte.The fibroblast can change into any other cell like chondrocyte/osteocyte/adipocyte

The fat cells are the lipocytes/adipocytes


11Normal body fat (White fat)

Very large spherical cells which may become polyhedral due to deformation Contain single fat droplet with cytoplasm reduced to thin rim net to plasma membrane Nucleus displayed to one side of cell and flattened by accumulated fat Routine histological techniques extract the fat, leaving a large unstained space Adipose tissue may be portioned by connective tissue septa visible to the naked eye

Task:- Identify the types of cells


12

Task:- Identify the type of connective tissue cells?


13

Brown fat


14

Prominent in newborn of all mammals

In adults most conspicuous in species which hibernate

Present in man throughout life

Cells are smaller than those of white adipose tissue

Cytoplasm relative abundant and contains lipid droplets of varying size

Cytoplasm contains extraordinary large number of mitochondria Brown fat has a lobular organization

Brown fat cells are multiloculated, multiple droplets of fat are features of

brown fat cells


15

Fibrous elements of connective tissues


16

Collagen fibers are produced by fibroblast cells,They occur outside the cells and in wavy bundlesCollagen fibers are produced by fibroblast cells,They occur outside the cells and in wavy bundles

They constitute the tendons, ligaments & aponeurosis

They constitute the tendons, ligaments & aponeurosis

Elastic fibers


17These fibers are also produced by fibroblast cells.

They also occur in laminaeAs seen in the cut section of an elastic artery.

Elastic fibers are also extracellular produced by fibroblast cells.

Reticular fibers


18

These fibers are alsoProduced by fibroblast cells.

These fibers constitutesThe frame work of a gland

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX CONTAIN GROUND SUBSTANCE


19

An extracellular matrix is a network of non-living tissue which provides support to cells.

ECM has proteins, minerals, and certain carbohydrates.

Ground substance is amorphous, gel-like, and is primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (most notably hyaluronan), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit.

1.CHONDROITIN SULFATE FOUND IN CARTILAGE AND TENDONS

2. DERMATAN SULFATE

3.KERATAN SULFATE

4.HEPARIN IS USED AS ANTICOAGULANT.

5.HEPARAN SULFATE

6.HYALURONIC ACID IS FOUND IN SYNOVIAL FLUID


20

Examples of GAGs include:

GAGS + PROTEIN = PROTEOGLYCANS

PROTEOGLYCANS ARE THE "FILLER" SUBSTANCE EXISTING BETWEEN CELLS.

THEY ARE ALSO INVOLVED IN BINDING CATIONS (SUCH AS SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM) AND WATER.


21

Proteoglycans

THESE HELP BIND TOGETHER THE FIBERS, CELLS, AND GROUND SUBSTANCE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

EXAMPLES OF GLYCOPROTEINS AREMUCINS,ANTIGENS,ANTIBODIES,ZONA PELLUCIDA,WHITE OF AN EGG& BLOOD PLASMA


22

GLYCOPROTEINS


Hormones that are glycoproteins include:-

1.Follicle-stimulating hormone 2.Luteinizing hormone 3.Thyroid-stimulating hormone

4.Human chorionic gonadotropin 5.Alpha-fetoprotein

6.Erythropoietin (EPO)

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES


24

Connective tissue can be classified into three categories: proper, embryonic, and specialized.

Connective tissue proper includes the following five types: loose connective, dense connective, elastic, reticular, and adipose.

Embryonic connective tissues


25

The two types of embryonic connective tissues are mesenchymal and mucous.

They are of minimal importance in the adult.

Mesenchymal connective tissue

Mucous connective tissue

MESENCHYME CONNECTIVE TISSUE


26

Wharton's jelly


27

Is a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate).

It also contains some fibroblasts and macrophages.

Specialized connective tissues


28

The category "specialized connective tissue" consists of bone, cartilage, and blood.

SOME DISORDERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE


29

MARFAN’S SYNDROME:- LONG LIMBS & CONGENITAL CATARACT

SCURVY:- VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY, BLEEDING GUMS, WOUND HEALING DELAYED.

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA:- BONES AND SKELETON WEAK, NOT PERFECTLY FORMED

Documents

LAB. EXERCISE NO. 4 DR. ANSARI CONNECTIVE TISSUE PRELAB.4. BY PROF. DR.ANSARI 1 Sunday, November 22, 2015