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1/8

4

A

;A A/CAE: /

:

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

.

: .

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

;

E C1

(

,

);

A llll/> 15

(

);

;

E C0

(

,

);

;

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: .

?

B2 ... : element plan

B3 ... : element 3D

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

?

/

, , . B

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

F ;

, .

, ;

: llll = 2000;= = 50 1002;

: = 210000; = 0.3;

: = 10

B () (4, 8, 16 32) B21, B22 B23.

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3/8

1

2.b

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

2.a

3 4 5

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

6

7

, 1 (0,0,1), .

1 .

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4/8

1 2

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

3

4

5

6 7 8

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

9 10

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C .

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

D (B22: 3 , 16 )

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

D (B22: 3 , 16 )

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/

(E B):

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

: C (4, 8, 16 32) B21, B22 B23.

/

.

2

11

11

4

B21 0,906 26,81 24,33

B22 0,907 57,39 32,56

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

B23 0,952 57,5 32,5

8

B21 0,976 42,19 32,25

B22 1,006 59,26 34,42

B23 0,976 59,37 34,38

16

B21 1,002 50,77 33,41

B22 1,006 59,73 33,95

B23 0,988 59,84 33,91

32B21 1,005 55,26 33,7B22 1,007 59,85 33,83

B23 0,988 59,96 33,79

( ) 0,99 60 33,39

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3D . : 25 50 2. 5000 A B,

, 100 / 4 , . . C . C, D, E F.

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

: = 2.15 ;

C : = 0.3;

D: = 7,89/3.

F ;

D 2, 3, 4, 5 6;

;

D .

A

B

C

F

D

E

4 ( )

, , C16. . .

: = 9000 ;

C : = 0.3;

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

D: = 0,00045/3.

F ;

D 2, 3, 4, 5 6;

;

D ;

3 , .

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, 2D. 1 7 2, 4 5,

.

4 ( )

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .

, 2D 2D.

5 ( )

A , , . @. . 8/1996, . 285 23 2004, 123 1 2005 .