• Label on the map:– England– France– Spain–Germany– Italy–Greece

– Turkey–Mediterranean Sea– Black Sea– Baltic Sea–Atlantic Ocean– Scandinavia

Agenda1. Europe After Rome2. The Church3. Holy Roman Empire4. Feudalism

ObjectivesStudents will be able to…59. Explain how the fall of Rome and

the authority of the Church shaped the early Middle Ages.

60. Describe the creation of the Holy Roman Empire.

61. Analyze the feudal system.

Europe After Rome

Objective #59

The Fall of Rome• Rome united Europe for the first (and

only) time• Fall of Rome caused many changes–Decline of central authority–Decline of cities–Decline of learning

• But not in Eastern Europe. Why not?

Decline of Central Authority

• Why?–Empire destroyed–Lots of invasions–Germanic tribes were loyal to

individual leaders

Decline of Central Authority

• So what?–Benefits of empire are lost•Education•Security•Economy•Trade

Decline of Cities• Why?–No jobs–No food trade–Centers of people and wealth are

not safe

Decline of Cities• So what?–Population shifted to rural areas–People become dispersed –“Progress” stalls

Decline of Learning• Why?–Germanic tribes have no written

language–People focus on farming–People are disconnected

Decline of Learning• So what?–Knowledge of Greek lost–Latin changes–“Progress” stalls

The Dark Ages

The Church in the Middle Ages:

The exception that proves the rule

Church Power Grows• People turn away from the secular• Local priests much closer than

distant kings• Missionaries convert the Germans–Teach them writing

Smart Monks• Monasteries (places where monks live)

preserve learning–No one else could read–No one else had time–Mostly translation, few new advances–Also translated Arabic works

• Eventually create Europe’s universities

The Manor• Economic arrangement between lords and

peasants–Peasants provide labor and a portion of

produce–Lord provides land, protection, and

resources (like a mill)• Self-sufficient system• Rigid class structure

The Holy Roman Empire

Objective #60

A Frankish Dynasty• Franks were one of the Germanic tribes• Clovis converted to Christianity• Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer)–Unites the Franks–Wins an important battle•Battle of Tours• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztoNqerMrd8

Charlemagne• Charles the Hammer’s grandson• Expands the Frankish Empire–Largest empire in Europe since

Rome–Reunited Western Europe

Coronation• Charlemagne saves

the pope from a mob in Rome

• Pope crowns him as Holy Roman Emperor– Powerful political

force (both him, and the church!)

Charlemagne• Enforces the law (good at

running his empire)• Spreads Christianity• Revived learning• Builds roads, schools,

churches, etc.

Charlemagne’s Legacy

• Son: Louis the Pious–“an ineffective ruler”

• Three grandsons–Fight amongst themselves–Divide into three kingdoms–Central authority declines again– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djctvp_pC4o

Treaty of Verdun, 843

A Contradiction• The Holy Roman Empire is not…–Holy–Roman–An Empire

Invaders

Invaders• Muslims• Magyars–Come from central Asia–Settle in Hungary

• Vikings–From Scandinavia–Settle in Russia and England (Angles and

Saxons)

Effects of Invaders• Strengthen feudalism–Really need those knights–Manor walls are helpful

• Disrupts trade

Feudalism

Objective #61

Political Organization

• No strong central government, so no strong army• But many invaders, so they need one• Invent a new type of government:

feudalism–A social/governmental structure

based on loyalty and land

Feudalism Terms• Lord• Serf• Fief• Vassal• Manor

FeudalismThe King needs an army

• Here is the king’s land

The King’s Land

Feudalism• The King, in need of an army, offers

land in exchange for military service• The King owns the land, but the

knight can use it as he sees fit as long as he maintains his oath to the king

Vassal Vassal

Vassal

Vassal

Vassal Vassal

Vassal

Vassal

The King’s Land

Feudalism• The King now has several vassals

who control some of his land, but also has an army of knights to defend the entire territory