Upload
brittany-bruce
View
231
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Labor Movement
The National Labor Union
1866 founded by William Sylviscalled for 8 hour work day1872, formed Labor
Reform Party1873, depression hits =
union dissolved
Great Railroad Strike, 1877
Panic of 1873 RR decrease wages 10% Spontaneous Strikes began across nation Governors call in militia = violence 18 people killed in Penn. All trains shut down Over 100 people killed First incidence of violence in labor movement
Molly Maguires
Irish Miners in Pennsylvaniasecret organizationcommitted acts of sabotage & murder infiltrated by Pinkertons10 men convicted of murder &
hangedMollies Defeated, mining conditions
worsen
Knights of Labor
founded in 1878by Terrence V. Powderlymembership open to all workers
skilled & unskilledmen & womenall races, religions, & ethnic
groups
Goals of Knights8 hour dayend to child laborend to convict laborequal pay for women &
minoritiessafety codes for workplacenationalization of RR &
telegraph
Haymarket Square, 1886 May Day
demonstration for 8 hour day
Strike at McCormick reaper factory, Chicago
May 4th rally in Haymarket Square
3000 attend
Bomb thrown--7 policemen dead
Police fire on crowd—12 dead
Newspapers blame unions
8 anarchist arrested & charge with instigation
4 hanged, 1 suicide, 3 jailed then aquitted
Destroyed Knights of Labor
United Mine Workersfounded by John L LewisGoals:
8 hour dayend child labor in minessafety codes for mineshealth care for workers with
“Black Lung”
American Railway Union founded by Eugene
Debs, 1893sought to unite all
workers on Railroads
wanted shorter hours & better wages
Debs jailed during Pullman Strike
IWW: IndustrialWorkers of the World founded in 1905 lead by Big Bill Haywood
also Joe Hill & Mary Harris “Mother” Jones revolutionaries
Lawrence Textile Mill Strike“Bread & Roses”
AFL: American Federation of Labor
founded 1881by Samuel Gompers
full-time union officials to...organize, negotiate, control strikes
skilled workers onlyno women or minorities