Gayam, Glydenne GlaireAUBFBSMedTech 3AAssignment # 1
APPARATUS, REAGENTS AND MATERIALS USED IN ANALYSIS OF URINE AND
OTHER BODY FLUIDSApparatuses Description
Test Tubes
Test tubes are made of hardened glass or plastic materials that
can withstand actions of chemicals, thermal shock and centrifugal
strains. They are used to hold samples and solutions, during
medical laboratory procedures.
Test Tube Rack
Test tube racks are commonly used in laboratories to keep test
tubes upright so that the equipment does not roll away, spill or
become accidentally cracked.
Pipettes
It is a laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry, biology and
medicine to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media
dispenser.
Beakers
Beakers have capacities from 5 to 5,000 ml. They are usually
made up of heat resistant glass and are available in different
shapes. The type most commonly used is the squat form, which is
cylindrical and has a spout.
Graduated Cylinder
Measurement of liquids can be made quickly with these vessels,
but a high degree of accuracy is impossible because of the wide
bore of the cylinders.
Slides
A microscope slide is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75
by 26 mm (3 by 1 inches) and about 1 mm thick, used to hold objects
for examination under a microscope.
Reagent bottles
Reagent bottles are used to store different types of laboratory
reagents. They are made from glass or plastics.
Laboratory cuvettes (absorption cells)
Glass cuvettes resist many laboratory reagents like organic
solvents, whereas plastic cuvettes are affected by many reagents
and become cloudy, hence affecting the absorbance of the reacting
mixture and so lack accuracy & precision.
Neubauer Counting Chamber (Hemocytometer)
The hemocytometer is a device used to count cells.
Common InstrumentsDescription
Balances
Balances are essential laboratory instruments that are widely
used for weighing of various substances (powders, crystals and
others) in the laboratory. For instance, to prepare reagents,
stains and culture media, balances are required to weigh accurately
and precisely within the needed range.
Centrifuge
Centrifuge is equipment that is used to separate solid matter
from a liquid suspension by means of centrifugal force. They
sediment particles (cells, bacteria, casts, parasites, etc.)
suspended in fluid by exerting a force greater than that of
gravity.
Refrigerator
Refrigerators are physical means of preserving various
laboratory specimens. They suppress the growth of bacteria and
maintain the specimens with little alteration.
Autoclave
An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to sterilize equipment
and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at
121 C (249F) for around 1520 minutes depending on the size of the
load and the contents.
Refractometer
A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the
measurement of an index of refraction (refractometry).
Microscope
Microscope is an important device that enables us to visualize
minute objects (animate and inanimate) that cannot be seen by our
naked eye.
MaterialsDescription
Disposable and Sterilized Containers
Containers for samples should be clean, dry and leak-proof.
Newspaper
It will be used as a base for different tests.
PPEs (Lab Gown, gloves, head caps etc.)
It is part of personal protective equipment that will protect
the user against health or safety risks at work.
Condom
A material used in collection of semen.
Syringe
It will be used in sample collection such as cerebrospinal
fluid.
ReagentsDescription
Urine Reagent Test Strips
It provide a simple, rapid means for performing medically
significant chemical analysis of urine including pH, protein,
glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite,
leukocytes and specific gravity.
Sulfosalicylic Acid
It is used in SSA test.
Formalin
It is used as preservative.
Benedict Solution
It contains copper sulphate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium
citrate buffer.
95% Ethanol
It is used in Foam Shake test of amniotic fluid.
Normal Saline Solution
It is used in test such as direct fecal smear.
