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Labour Labour MarketMarket IndicatorsIndicatorsfor Monitoring for Monitoring YouthYouth
DevelopmentDevelopment
Steven Steven KapsosKapsosEmploymentEmployment Trends UnitTrends Unit
International Labour OrganisationInternational Labour Organisation
OutlineOutline
nn WhyWhy are are youthyouth labour labour marketmarketindicatorsindicators (LMI) important?(LMI) important?
nn WhatWhat are are thethe main main youthyouth LMI?LMI?nn WorldWorld andand regionalregional trendstrendsnn Sources for Sources for youthyouth labour labour marketmarket
informationinformationnn Challenges Challenges forfor monitoring monitoring youthyouth in in
thethe labour labour marketmarket
WhyWhy are are youthyouth labour labour marketmarketindicatorsindicators (LMI) important?(LMI) important?
nn EntryEntry point for point for broaderbroader employmentemployment issuesissuesnn Unique challenges Unique challenges facingfacing youthyouth in labour in labour
marketsmarkets•• More More thanthan 3 3 timestimes as as likelylikely as as adultsadults to to bebe
unemployedunemployed•• More More likelylikely to to bebe engagedengaged in in partpart--timetime, , oftenoften
precariousprecarious employmentemployment
nn WorkWork experiencesexperiences atat youngyoung age have an age have an impact impact throughoutthroughout oneone’’ss productive productive lifelife
nn KnowledgeKnowledge for for betterbetter monitoring monitoring andandpolicypolicy developmentdevelopment
WhatWhat are are thethe main main youthyouth LMI?LMI?
UNDP HDR/UNDP HDR/OECDOECDNoNo1515--2424n/an/a200320033030OECDOECD
YouthYouth unemploymentunemployment femalefemale rate rate as a as a percentagepercentage ofof male rate, 15male rate, 15--24 (%)24 (%)
ILO GETILO GETYesYes1515--2424MF, MF, M, FM, F
19911991--20042004n/an/aallallYouthYouth employmentemployment--toto--populationpopulationratioratio
ILO KILMILO KILMYesYes1515--2424MF, MF, M, FM, F
19801980--20042004120120allallShareShare ofof youthyouth in total in total unemploymentunemployment
ILO KILMILO KILMYesYes1515--2424MF, MF, M, FM, F
19801980--20042004117117allallTheThe ratio ratio ofof youthyouth--toto--adultadultunemploymentunemployment raterate
ILO LABPROJ/ILO LABPROJ/KILMKILM
YesYes1515--19, 19, 2020--2424
MF, MF, M, FM, F
19801980--20202020191191allallYouthYouth labour force labour force growthgrowth
ILO LABPROJ/ILO LABPROJ/KILMKILMYesYes
1515--19, 19, 2020--2424
MF, MF, M, FM, F19801980--20202020191191allall
YouthYouth labour force participation labour force participation raterate
ILO ILO LABORSTALABORSTA
NoNo1515--19, 19, 2020--2424
MF, MF, M, FM, F
1985, 1985, 19881988--20042004
9393allallEconomicallyEconomically active population, active population, by by levellevel ofof educationeducation andand age age group (group (ThousandsThousands) )
ILO KILMILO KILMYesYes1515--2424MF, MF, M, FM, F19801980--20042004120120allallUnemploymentUnemployment rate rate amongamong 1515--24 24
yearyear oldsolds
SourceSourceRegionalRegionalAggregatesAggregates??
Age Age groupsgroups
SexSexTime Time periodperiod
# # ofofcountriescountries
RegionsRegions
Data Data availabilityavailabilityAvailableAvailable IndicatorsIndicators
GlobalGlobal youthyouth unemploymentunemployment
69,687
84,996
11.5
13.7
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
You
th u
nem
ploy
men
t ('0
00s)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
You
th u
nem
ploy
men
t rat
e (%
)
Youth unemployment ('000s) Youth unemployment rate (%)
RegionalRegional youthyouth unemploymentunemploymentratesrates
2.82.82.92.99.09.023.123.121.221.2Western Western AsiaAsia
5.75.74.84.896.596.517.117.18.78.7SouthSouth--easterneastern AsiaAsia
3.73.73.63.623.423.411.311.39.19.1SouthSouth AsiaAsia
2.72.72.82.814.614.67.67.66.76.7EasternEastern AsiaAsia
2.72.72.72.712.412.414.514.512.912.9Latin Latin AmericaAmerica & & thethe CaribbeanCaribbean
3.23.23.43.45.15.118.418.417.517.5SubSub--SaharanSaharan AfricaAfrica
3.63.63.73.75.55.534.234.232.432.4NorthernNorthern AfricaAfrica
2.52.52.62.62.02.018.318.317.917.9CISCIS
2.42.42.32.3--9.69.614.814.816.316.3DevelopedDeveloped EconomiesEconomies
3.13.12.82.818.918.913.713.711.511.5WORLDWORLD
2004200419941994% Change% Change2004200419941994
Ratio Ratio ofof youthyouth to to adultadultunemploymentunemployment raterateYouthYouth unemploymentunemployment raterate
YouthYouth shareshare ofof total total unemploymentunemployment
62.260.2
52.1 53.0
44.9 44.4
38.1
44.8
29.9
26.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
South-easternAsia
Sub-SaharanAfrica
Northern Africa South Asia Western Asia Latin America &the Caribbean
Eastern Asia World CIS DevelopedEconomies
1994 2004
YouthYouth employmentemployment--toto--populationpopulationratios by ratios by sexsex, 2004, 2004
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
South Asia Northern Africa Western Asia Latin America &the Caribbean
World South-easternAsia
Sub-SaharanAfrica
CIS DevelopedEconomies
Eastern Asia
Female Male
YouthYouth labour force, 1980, 2004 labour force, 1980, 2004 andand 20152015
0
20'000
40'000
60'000
80'000
100'000
120'000
140'000
160'000
180'000
200'000
DevelopedEconomies
CIS Northern Africa Sub-SaharanAfrica
Latin America &the Caribbean
Eastern Asia South Asia South-easternAsia
Western Asia
1980 2004 2015
YouthYouth labour force participation, labour force participation, 1515--2424
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
%
Developed Economies CIS Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America & the Caribbean Eastern Asia South Asia South-eastern Asia
Western Asia Oceania
YouthYouth labour force participation, labour force participation, 2020--2424
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
%
Developed Economies CIS Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America & the Caribbean Eastern Asia South Asia South-eastern Asia
Western Asia Oceania
YouthYouth labour force participation, labour force participation, 1515--1919
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
%
Developed Economies CIS Northern Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America & the Caribbean Eastern Asia South Asia South-eastern Asia
Western Asia Oceania
SourcesSources ofof youthyouth LMILMI
nn ILO ILO DatabasesDatabases & Reports& Reports•• Key Key IndicatorsIndicators ofof thethe Labour Labour MarketMarket
(KILM) (KILM) DatabaseDatabasenn CountryCountry--levellevel andand regionalregional datadata
•• LABORSTALABORSTAnn ILO ILO databasedatabase containingcontaining country labour country labour
statisticsstatistics
•• Global Global EmploymentEmployment Trends reportsTrends reportsnn FocusFocus on on worldworld andand regionalregional trendstrends
LookingLooking aheadahead: : challenges and challenges and prioritiespriorities
nn ExistingExisting labour labour marketmarket indicatorsindicatorsprovideprovide solidsolid startingstarting point to point to monitor monitor youthyouth developmentdevelopment
nn NeedNeed to to greatlygreatly strengthenstrengthen data data relatedrelated to to thethe qualityquality ofof employmentemploymentfor for youthyouth•• WagesWages andand earningsearnings•• HoursHours ofof workwork•• Labour Labour productivityproductivity
