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INDEX

Sr.No. Particulars Page No.1 Index 22 Introduction 3-43 Aim of TCS 54 Objectives of Study 65 Type of Study 76 Sources of Data 87 Analysis & Interpretation 98 Conclusion

ProfileTata Consultancy Services is India’s leading Information Technology (IT) and Management

Consultancy 2ptimize2ion. Established in 1968, TCS has completed 25 years of services to

buinsness, industry and government worldwide. It’s operations span over 40 countries. It has

successfully executed projects in areas such as banking and financial services, manufacturing

industries, energy, healthcare, transport, communications and tourism.

Employing more than 5500 (1996) professionals, TCS provides a wide spectrum of consultancy

services in the area of IT. These services cover all aspects of systems and software engineering

including information needs analysis computer hardware sizing and selection, systems analysis

and design, system conversion, 2ptimize2i software development and implementation, bureau

services and computer-assisted instruction.

Research and development play a critical role at TCS. The Systems Engineering and Cybernetics

Centre at Hyderabad (India) studies and analyses problems with a holistic perspective. It has

developed methodologies for understanding the increasingly complex organizational and societal

problems. The Centre functions as a nucleus for the dissemination of systems engineering and

cybernetics techniques in India.

The Tata Research Development and Design Centre, a division of TCS, is based in Pune(India).

The Centre specialices in applied research in information technology. Some of the areas of

2ptimize2ion2n are object oriented techniques, software engineering, artificial intelligence, expert

systems, CAD/CAM, image processing and microprocessor based instrumentation. Consultants

at TCS have access to a wide range of hardware – mainframes, mini-computers, personal

computers (PCs) and dedicated workstations. Some of the systems in TCS are the IBM ES/9000,

IBM 3090, IBM AS/400, RS/6000, VAX6000, DEC5000,Elxsi6400, SUN SEQUENT, TANDEM

TXP, CLX and VLX. In addition, there are mainframes and minis from Texas Instruments, Hewlett

Packard and others. Extensive use of software tools ensures quality and productivity 2ptimize2i

2ptimize2ion.

The company is listed on the National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange in India.

Areas of businessServicesTthe following TCS services help customers 2ptimize business processes and create resilient IT infrastructure, ensuring faster business results:

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ConsultingTCS consulting services help enterprises transform the way of doing business by helping them to optimize business processes, align IT with business requirements, support IT operations, and design effective risk management strategies.

IT servicesTCS provides system integration and testing solutions, and application development and management services that help companies make the most of their IT investments.

Business process outsourcingTCS works with enterprises worldwide, helping them focus on their core business while accelerating outsourced operations and ensuring round-the-clock service delivery.

Infrastructure outsourcingThe company partners with enterprises to make their IT infrastructure flexible, scalable, and secure, while maximizing performance.

Engineering and industrial servicesUsing the best technologies, processes, and competencies, TCS helps businesses to put into practice their strategies in product development, and management of assets and production.

Industries

TCS helps clients from various industries solve complex problems, mitigate risks, and become operationally excellent. Some of the industries it serves are:

Banking and financial services

Energy and utilities

Government

Healthcare and life sciences

Hi technology

Insurance

Manufacturing

Retail

Telecom

Travel and hospitality

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Aim of TCS

Tata Group’s leadership development programmes and processes aim to groom the managers of today into leaders of tomorrow. In order to maximize the potential of its pool of managers, the Group provides high-value, superior-quality training programmes that encourage cross-functional exposure and allow for cross-company mobility, making it an important aspect of all leadership development efforts. A selection of articles highlighting the Group’s leadership enhancing efforts and conversations with senior executives on leadership issues are given below.

Grooming Globle ManagersThe making of the global managerR Gopalakrishnan, the executive director of Tata Sons, sorts out the leadership and managerial qualities demanded by today’s worldwide order of business

The heart of excellenceSunil Sinha, the chief executive officer of Tata Quality Management Systems, on the leadership imperatives for companies facing today’s multiple challenges

The winning blendTata Tea’s Sangeeta Talwar underscores the need for family support and determination to scale the heights of success

Knowledge plusGrooming the managers of today into the leaders of tomorrow, that’s the broad objective of the Tata Group’s leadership development programmes and processes

The Tata Management Training CentreThe Tata Management Training Centre (TMTC) aims to provide training to high performers within the Group and to act as a cradle of change for Tata executivesTASTAS, formerly known as the Tata Administrative Service, was conceived by JRD Tata to select and groom some of the best young Indians, provide them opportunities for professional growth, and use that pool of talent as a group resource

Tata Consultancy Services’ Learning and Development centre prepares new recruits to take on the formidable challenges that lie ahead. A look at the fascinating programme, and how it helps shape young graduates into professionals

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Objectives

To study the manpower & HRM & HRD Aspect of TCS.

To find out the reason behind employee turnover.

To find out the whether there is any strategy or policy of TCS to retain

there employees.

To find out whether there is performance appraisal.

Labour Statue (Madras)

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Type of Study

a) Diagnostic as it is done with objectives of enhancing organizational effectiveness.b) It will be also descriptive in nature.

Source of Data

There will be two sources as under:-1)Primary Data – This is generated by the following: i)Interviews of Execuatives

ii)Questionairres2) Secondary Data - i) Articles on the Tata Group ii) Adm Instructions & orders issued from time to time. iii) Media Reports iv) Website www.tcs.com v) Human Resource Planning Second Edition –Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya of Excel Books Publications.

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Analysis And Interpretation

Within the framework of the scope, the following tools will be employed for analysis and interpretation:-

a) A critical analysis of the charter of duties of various appointments and section

b) A Critical examination of assignment of duties to individuals so as to assess the work load.

c) Application activity sampling for ascertaining mean work loads as per month/per day for all jobs done.

d) Use of interviews questionnaires, observations and analysis of data obtained.

e) Scientific evaluation of activities that can be profitably automated.

Application of the Study

This study will attempt to being about systemic,structural and functional changes through its recommendations for optimal employment of manpower resources in the TCS group.

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Methodology And Approach

1) Concept:- Organization exist for people. The are made of people and for the people and their effectiveness depends on the behavior and performance of the people constituting them. There was a time when people were considered liability. Today workers are considered a resource and an asset. Successful CEO’s have made them into business partners with a stake in the successful running of corporate enterprises. as organizations became large and complex govt. interventions as a regulatory body increased. Thes all manpower planning is tempered by not only economic, demographic, and socio-cultural aspects but also political-legal aspects.2) The objectives of the organizations help in determining the number of people and their employment. Hence in effect, a clear vision of Organization Objectives and its work culture is the start-Point for al aspects of manpower.3) Effective utilization of manpower relates to establishing job-requirement and determining the number of people required in relation to Organizational objectives. Job requirement has now equally important ingredients the qualitative and the quantitative facets of the job. Job analysis which remarks qualitative demands of the jov is used to determine personnel specifications for accomplishing the job effectively. Time study, Role Analysis, Historical Averages and certain other modern managerial techniques are employed for determining quantitative requirements. A realistic and effective manpower planning is not merely restricted to the quantitative and qualitative assessment of manpower needs.

4) Methodology for Manpower Calculations.The manpower calculation is a deep study of the role of the each person and each type of activity being performed by every individual. The activities are required to be bonafied and authorized and should fulfill the objectives of the particular department of section. The activities are required to be converted in to total departmental/section/branch and quantified in terms of time units so as to compare with the available man-hours.i.e.on basis of time the level of each section can be designed.5) As per qualification physical strength, mental capabilities, special skills the work is divided. i.e. clerk Accountants, Manager, supervisor , peons etc.It is not easy to quantify nor the results a true representation or a holistic picture of their roles and importance in administration. Even similar job is not come in existence same it is variable in nature.Within the frame work of the Study the following approaches have been adopted:-a)Critical analysis of the charter of duties of each section.

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b) Critical examination of assignment of duties to each individual so as to assess the work-load.c) Application of activity-sampling for ascertaining mean workload per month/per day for all jobs that are recorded and for which historical data is available.d)Use of management techniques of interviews(Telephonic & mailed)Questionnaire etc.to establish mean workload per month per day for which no past-record as available.e)Scientific evaluation of activities that can be profitable automated.f)Analysis of applicability of standard norms to the working environment in different sections.6)The available monthly man hours for comparing the work-load have been estimated and given below as per Govt.rule.for the purpose of calculations, leaves such as special casual leaves, maternity and paternity leaves, absence due to frequent bandhs.hartal (stricks) rail & road Calculation of Number of Working Days per Month in Respect of Central Govt. Employees.-Sr.No, Particulars No.Of Daysa) Total Days in a year 365b) Leaves

E/Leave 30Casual Leave 12Sundays 52Saturdays 52

c) HolidaysGazetted 17Restricted 02

Total 165

d) Available Working days per year=365-165=200e) Available Working days per month =200/12= 16.7 or 17 Days

The Above Calculation is Same for all Employees of Central ,State Government & Private Sectors .

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ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES, 2002-03 Vol. II REPORT ON ABSENTEEISM, LABOUR TURNOVER, EMPLOYMENT & LABOUR COST IN  SAMPLE SECTOR

LABOUR TURNOVER 

Labour Turnover is an important parameter which indicates the over all health of an industry or an establishment in terms of wages, industrial relations, working conditions and other welfare facilities provided to the workers. Labour turnover, which refers to the movement of employees in and out of a business, measures the extent of change in the work force due to accession (total number of workers added to employment) and separation (severance of employment at the instance of workers or employers) during a particular period of time. 

High Labour Turnover causes problems for a business. It is costly, lowers productivity and morale and tends to get worse if not dealt with. Labour Turnover does not just create costs, but some level of Labour Turnover is important to bring new ideas, skills and enthusiasm to the labour force. A natural level of Labour Turnover can be a way in which a business can slowly reduce its workforce without having to resort to redundancies. A high level of Labour Turnover could be caused by many factors: 

a)           Inadequate wage levels leading to employees moving to competitors,

b)           Poor morale and low level of motivation within the workforce,

c)           Recruiting and seeking the wrong employees in the first place, meaning they seek more suitable employment, and

d)           A buoyant local labour market offering more attractive opportunities to employees. 

Statistics relating to Labour Turnover, showing the rates of accession and separation in respect of the directly employed regular workers, average number of employment of workers and the percentage of factories reporting labour turnover during the year 2002, have been presented in Tables 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.2.1 and 3.2.2. State-wise, Industry-wise and Sector-wise analysis of Labour Turnover is given below: 

3.1         Labour Turnover in States

The highest rate of Labour Turnover tends to be among those workers who have recently joined in an establishment. Longer-serving employees are more likely to stay, mainly because they become used to the work and the business and have an established relationship with those around them. 

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State-wise Labour Turnover among directly employed regular workers during the year 2002 is presented in Table 3.1.1. At all India level, 60.08 percent of the factories reported Labour Turnover in their establishments. At all India level, the rate of accession during the year 2002 was recorded as 19.20 percent as against 19.27 percent during the previous year. Whereas, the overall separation rate was reported as 18.24 percent as against 19.18 percent in 2001. This indicates a net accession or increase of around 0.96 percent in the employment of directly employed regular workers in Sample sector during the year 2002. It is, however, observed that the increase in employment of directly employed regular workers was mainly due to increase in such employment in Private Sector (1.07 percent). Both Public Sector and Joint Sectors witnessed a net decrease in employment of such workers by 1.95 percent and 2.79 percent, respectively. 

Among States the highest rate of accession was observed in Punjab (54.08 percent) followed by Haryana (35.22 percent) and Uttar Pradesh (27.32 percent), respectively. On the other hand, the highest rate of separation was also observed in Punjab (49.03 percent) followed by Haryana (32.09 percent) and Jammu & Kashmir (27.06 percent). The lowest rate of accession was recorded in West Bengal (4.61 percent) followed by Kerala (6.10 percent) and Assam (6.13 percent), whereas the lowest rate of separation was observed in Assam (5.28 percent) followed by West Bengal (5.33 percent) and Kerala (8.35 percent). 

There were 11 States where accession rate was observed to be more than 20 percent and 9 States where separation rate was recorded to be more than 20 percent. 

3.2 Labour Turnover in Industries 

Industry-wise rates of accession and separation during the year 2002 have been presented in Table 3.1.2. During 2002, the highest rate of accession was recorded at 115.14 percent in industry group '142-Mining and quarrying, n.e.c.'. The lowest rate of accession was reported in industry group ‘182-Dressing and dyeing of fur, manufacturing of articles of fur‘ at the rate of 3.33 percent. The highest and lowest separation rates were also reported in the industry groups '142-Mining and quarrying, n.e.c.' (120.12 percent) and ‘182-Dressing and dyeing of fur, manufacturing of articles of fur‘ (1.67 percent), respectively. 

Out of 63 industry groups, separation rate was higher than accession rate in 30 industry groups, meaning thereby, a net decrease in employment of directly employed regular workers during 2002 in these industry groups. 

3.3         Labour Turnover in Sectors by States 

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State-wise and Sector-wise Labour Turnover amongst directly employed regular workers during the year 2002 is presented in Table 3.2.1. At all India level, among sectors, the rate of accession was highest at 19.43 percent in Private Sector, followed by 14.56 percent in Joint Sector and merely 7.62 percent in Public Sector. Like-wise, at All India level among sectors, the highest rate of separation was reported in Private Sector (18.36 percent), followed by Joint Sector (17.35 percent) and Public Sector (9.57 percent). It is observed that at all India level both Public Sector and Joint Sector witnessed a decrease in employment of directly employed workers by 1.95 percent and 2.79 percent, respectively, during the year, whereas, in Private Sector a marginal increase in employment of such workers of 1.07 percent was recorded.  

In Public Sector, the highest rate of accession at 56.40 percent was observed in Rajasthan, whereas, the lowest accession rate of 0.82 percent was observed in Kerala. In Joint sector, the highest rate of accession at 59.66 percent was observed in Himachal Pradesh, whereas, the lowest accession rate of 0.99 percent was recorded in Orissa. In Private Sector, the highest and lowest rates of accession were reported in Punjab (54.78 percent) and West Bengal (4.26 percent), respectively. 

The highest and lowest separation rates, in Public Sector, were observed in Daman & Diu (44.44 percent) and Chattisgarh (0.93 percent), respectively. In Joint Sector, the highest rate of separation was also recorded in Punjab (53.32 percent), whereas, the lowest rate was reported in Goa (0.66 percent). In Private Sector, the highest and lowest separation rates were reported in Punjab (49.37 percent) and Assam (5.07 percent), respectively.

 3.4         Labour Turnover in Sectors by Industry 

Industry-wise and Sector-wise Labour Turnover amongst directly employed regular workers in 2002 is presented in Table 3.2.2. In Public Sector, the highest rate of accession at 104.65 percent was observed in industry group ‘014-Agricultural and animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities', whereas, the lowest rate of 0.20 percent was recorded in industry group ’222-Printing and service activities related to printing’. In Joint Sector, the highest rate of accession at 47.73 percent was recorded in industry group ’151-Production, processing and preservation of meat, fish , fruit, vegetables oils and fats', whereas, the lowest rate of 0.41 percent was recorded in industry group ‘222-Printing and service activities related to printing‘. In Private Sector, the highest accession rate at 115.14 percent was observed in industry group '142-Mining and quarrying, n.e.c.', whereas, the lowest rate of 3.33 percent was observed in industry group '182-Dressing and dying of fur, manufacture of articles of fur’.

On the other hand, in Public Sector, the highest rate of separation (127.91 percent) was reported again in industry group '014-Agricultural and animal

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husbandry services activities, except veterinary activities', whereas, the lowest rate of separation (0.85 percent) was reported in industry group '291-Manufacture of general purpose machinery’. In Joint Sector, the highest rate of separation (120.22 percent) was observed in industry group '210-Manufacture of paper and paper product’, whereas, the lowest rate (0.41 percent) was reported in industry group '222-Printing and service activities related to printing’. In Private Sector, separation rate was the highest (120.12 percent) in industry group '142-Mining and quarry n.e.c.', whereas, the lowest rate of separation (1.67 percent) was reported in industry group '182-Dressing and dying of fur, manufacture of articles of fur’.

 

Reasons of Labour Turn over in TCS

A)Performance Appraisal- Performance Apprasal means analysis,review or evaluation of performance or behaviour analysis of an employee.It may be either formal or informal, oral or documented, open or confidential.In general we fine the foramal appraisal system in a documented form.It is alaso an important management activity.I is also called as “Annual Confidential Report”.

Annual Confidential Report Rating Out of 10Normal rating are as under-Rating Explanation09 Outstanding08 Above Average07 High average05-06 Average03-04 Below In TCS there is a 05 Points rating systemThe Spoke person Pradipta Bagchi told to media that Performance Appraisal is every year Cycle.If in one Appraisal cycle anyone is rated below 2 they put them on PIP(Performance improvement plan)Under this they are givan extra training.Even after this if their rating is below 2 Then they are asked to look for another Jobs.Primary Functions of performance appraisal are:1) To identify and define the specific job criteria Many organization at the beginning of the year set key performance area(KPS) or Key result areas (KRAs) for employees based on mutual discussions.2) To measure and compare the performace in term of the defined job criteria, ARAs & KPAs are also designed so that they can help in measuring job performance in quantitative or qualitative terms.3)to develop and justfy a reward system, relating rewords to employee performance.

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4) To identify the strength and weakness of employees and to decide on proper placement and promotion.5) To develop suitable training and development proframmes for enriching performance of the employees.6) To plan for long-term manpower requirements for overall improvement of the organization.7) To identify motivational reinforcers, to develop communication systems and also to strengthen superior-subordinate relationships.B) Frequent AbsenteeismC) Heavy work-loadD) Old age & Technological ObsolescenceE) Location of work (transfer at such place not so easy to reach daily)

Solution

1)To refresh employees mind, for Change & to reduce their work load Company must arrange tours, get-together, picnics Programme.2) To motivate the employee they must gave Compensation, reward incentives to the employees.3) Try to reduce the gap between top management & employees.4) Try to maintain interpersonal relationship with between top management & employees.5) Try to find out the reason behind their low performance & Maintain the good relationship with employees.6) Company should arrange workshop & other programmes such as soft skill stress management programmes for employees.

Conclusion For healthy & wealthy organization growth the top management must consider their employees as Fixed Asset. The goodwill of a company depend upon good & prompt product/service which is wholly depend upon the company’s employees. So to reduce the employee turnover the TCS must have take too much care while doing the performance appraisal & try to maintain good relationship. Now days employees are interested in their own development & career planning. Unless & until employee does not get any benefit they never gave their 100 % attention towards their work/task/job. Company must take extra advantage of employee’s this tendency to achieve their goals.

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