Lackner, T. 2014. Revision of the Genus Reichardtiolus

8/12/2019 Lackner, T. 2014. Revision of the Genus Reichardtiolus

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Revision of the genus ReichardtiolusKryzhanovskij, 1959... 1

Revision of the genus ReichardtiolusKryzhanovskij, 1959(Coleoptera, Histeridae, Saprininae)

om Lackner1,

1Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of Forest Protection and

Entomology, Kamck 1176, CZ-165 21 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic

http://zoobank.org/E1DA422B-F56F-4253-A55D-481479D933B8

Corresponding author:Tom Lackner([email protected])

Academic editor:M. Caterino| Received 18 October 2013 | Accepted 28 January 2014 | Published 11 February 2014

http://zoobank.org/237EB0D4-12AF-4856-89C5-5E2AA52C4CEA

Citation: Lackner (2014) Revision of the genus Reichardtiolus Kryzhanovskij, 1959 (Coleoptera, Histeridae,

Saprininae). ZooKeys 379: 127. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.379.6457

Abstract

Te genus ReichardtiolusKryzhanovskij, 1959 is revised herein. It now contains five species: R. duriculus(Reitter, 1904) from middle Asia (with a doubtful female specimen from western China that is heretentatively assigned to this species), R. pavlovskiiKryzhanovskij, 1959 from urkmenistan, R. sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n.(transferred from SaprinusErichson, 1834) from Egypt and Jordan, R.

persessp. n.from Iran and R. aldhaferisp. n.from Saudi Arabia. Except for R. pavlovskii, which is a ratherdistinct species known only from two females, the remaining species are allopatric, very similar externallyand are best separated from each other by their male terminalia. R. pavlovskiiis kept in Reichardtiolusonlytentatively, pending the examination of more specimens, and especially its male genitalia. R. duriculus

and R. pavlovskiiare re-described, whileR. persessp. n.,R. aldhaferisp. n.and R. sphingiscomb. n.areprovided with diagnostic descriptions because of their overall similarity with R. duriculus. Morphologicaldifferences of all species are illustrated using SEM micrographs. Male genitalia of R. duriculus, R. sphingiscomb. n.,R. persessp. n.and R. aldhaferisp. n.are illustrated and a key to the species is given. R. duriculusis newly recorded from ajikistan.

Keywords

Coleoptera, Histeridae, Saprininae, Reichardtiolus, Palaearctic Region, taxonomic revision

ZooKeys 379: 127 (2014)

doi: 10.3897/zookeys.379.6457

www.zookeys.org

Copyright Tom Lackner. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International License

(CC BY 4.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Tom Lackner / ZooKeys 379: 127 (2014)2

Introduction

Te genus Reichardtioluswas established by Kryzhanovskij (1959) based on the spe-cies Saprinus duriculus Reitter, 1904. At the time of its designation Reichardtioluswas

a mere subgenus of the genus ExaesiopusReichardt, 1926 and Kryzhanovskij (1959)included in it another species, R. pavlovskii, which he described in the same work. Intheir fauna of the USSR, Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt (1976) elevated the rank ofReichardtiolus from a subgenus of Exaesiopus to fully-fledged genus. Lackner (2010)summarized the knowledge about the genus without having examined the obscureand very rare taxon R. pavlovskii. During the years 20062013 I had the opportunityto examine a large number of Saprininae taxa, among them the rare R. pavlovskiiandSaprinus sphingis Peyerimhoff, 1936, the latter of which has been treated as a species in-certae sedis since its description (Peyerimhoff 1936; Mazur 1984; 1997; 2004; 2011).One undescribed species, apparently belonging to Reichardtiolus from Saudi Arabiawas recently discovered in the collections of the King Saud Museum of Arthropods(KSMA), and the authors visit to the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academyof Sciences (ZIN) yielded another new species from south-western Iran. Te resultsof these examinations are presented below. Tis work presents another contributionto the on-going revisionary work of the genera of the subfamily Saprininae (Lack-ner 2009a-c, 2010, 2011a,b; ishechkin and Lackner 2012; Lackner 2012; Lackner2013a,b; Lackner and Gomy 2013).

Material and methods

All dry-mounted specimens were relaxed in warm water for several hours or over-night, depending on the body size. After removal from original cards, the beetles wereside-mounted on triangular points and observed under a Nikon 102 stereoscopic mi-croscope with diffused light. Body structures were studied using methods describedby hara (1994): male genitalia were macerated in a hot 10% KOH solution for

about 15 minutes, cleared in 80% alcohol, macerated in lactic acid with fuchsine,incubated at 60C for two hours, and subsequently transferred into a 1:1 mixture ofglacial acetic acid and methyl salicylate, heated at 60C for 15 minutes and clearedin xylene. Specimens were then observed in -terpineol in a small glass dish. Digitalphotographs of the male terminalia were taken by a Nikon 4500 Coolpix camera andedited in Adobe Photoshop CS4. Based on the photographs or direct observations,the genitalia were drawn using a light-box Hakuba klv-7000. SEM photographs ofR. duriculus, R. pavlovskiiand R. sphingiswere taken with a JSM 6301F microscopeat the laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

while those of R. aldhaferiand R. perseswere taken at the Laboratory of the ElectronMicroscopy at the Faculty of Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.All available specimens were measured with an ocular micrometer. Beetle terminol-ogy follows that of hara (1994) and Lackner (2010). Separate lines of the same


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label are demarcated by a slash (/). Te following acronyms of museums and privatecollections are used throughout the text:

CAS Alexander Sokolov collection, Moscow, Russia;CAT Alexey K. ishechkin collection, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;CND Nicolas Dgallier collection, Paris, France;CPV Pierpaolo Vienna collection, Venice, Italy;CYG Yves Gomy collection, Nevers, France;FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA (J. Boone);HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary(O. Merkl);KSMA King Saud Museum of Arthropods , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (H. M. Al Dhafer);MSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genoa, Italy (M. avano);TLAN om Lackner collection, temporarily housed at Naturalis Biodiversity

Centre, Leiden, Netherlands;ZIN Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

(B. Kataev).

Abbreviations. Abbreviations of morphological measurements follow hara(1994) and are used throughout the text as follows:

APW width between anterior angles of pronotumEL length of elytron along elytral sutureEW maximum width between outer margins of elytraPEL length between anterior angles of pronotum and apices of elytraPPW width between posterior angles of pronotum.

Taxonomy

ReichardtiolusKryzhanovskij, 1959

http://species-id.net/wiki/ReichardtiolusReichardtiolusKryzhanovskij, 1959: 217 (as a subgenus of Exaesiopus). ype species

Saprinus duriculusReitter, 1904, original designation.Reichardtiolus: Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt (1976): 112, 238; Mazur (1984): 103; Ma-

zur (1997): 265; Mazur (2004): 96; Lackner (2010): 63, 186; Mazur (2011): 210.

Diagnosis.Reichardtiolushas been recently diagnosed by Lackner (2010), but the pub-lished diagnosis has to be adapted with respect to the newly examined R. pavlovskii, R.

sphingis, R. persesand R. aldhaferias follows: body size 2.004.25 mm, cuticle (Fig. 1)chestnut brown to almost black with or without slight metallic tinge or lustre; frontalstria (Figs 2, 3) usually weakened medially, but may be complete to widely interrupted(in R. pavlovskii); frons variously densely punctuate, punctures separated by less than
http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolushttp://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus


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half their diameter to twice their diameter; occasionally with protuberances or shallowdepressions; clypeus rectangular to rounded, occasionally margined, anterior marginmay be elevated; dorsal surface densely to very densely and coarsely punctuate, punc-tures separated by their own to half their own diameter, in R. pavlovskiieven form-

ing longitudinal wrinkles on pronotum (Fig. 62); pronotal depressions absent; dorsalelytral striae in R. pavlovskii almost unrecognizable beneath coarse punctuation, inother congeners usually all four dorsal elytral striae 14 well discernible; prosternalfoveae present (Fig. 10) or absent (R. pavlovskii; Fig. 68); prosternal process often com-pressed, concave or convex, especially on posterior half, punctate and setose; both setsof prosternal striae present (in case of R. pavlovskiionly as vague rudiments); pronotalhypomeron, lateral disc of metaventrite and metepisternum setose. Protibia (Figs 1,64) with two or three short teeth each topped by variably large denticle, usually fol-lowed by one or two much smaller denticles entombed in outer margin of protibia;meso- and metafemora strongly thickened (Fig. 63); metatibia dilated and thickened;anterior surface of metatibia with two to several rows of short, stout denticles (Fig. 71).

Differential diagnosis.Members of Reichardtiolusare externally most similar to thespecies of the genus ExaesiopusReichardt, 1926, differing from them especially by theabsence of deep longitudinal rugae on the frontal disc. Te elytra in Reichardtiolus areentirely coarsely and densely punctate, in R. pavlovskii even forming rugulose-lacunosewrinkles, whereas in Exaesiopusthe elytra are always at least partly glabrous. Because of thethickened hind femora and lack of longitudinal furrows on frons, Reichardtioluscannotbe confused with any other Palaearctic taxon; for further details on differential diagnosisand a key to genera of the Palaearctic Histeridae the reader is referred to Lackner (2010).

Biology.Reichardtiolus is a psammophilous taxon, found in arid and desert habi-tats, often in sand or under decaying vegetation (Lackner 2010); several specimens ofR. aldhaferiand R. duriculuswere also collected at light or in rodents burrows. Accord-ing to Kryzhanovskij in Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt (1976) the second known speci-men of R. pavlovskiiwas collected while digging in sands under Tamarix.

Distribution.R. duriculus is found across middle Asia: Kazakhstan, urkmeni-stan, Uzbekistan and ajikistan, with a female specimen recorded from western China

that I here tentatively assign to this species (Lackner 2010; Mazur 2011); R. pavlovskiiis known currently only from eastern urkmenistan, R. sphingishas been collected insouthern Jordan and northern Egypt. wo newly described species, R. aldhaferisp. n.and R. persessp. n., are known only from the environs of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia andenvirons of Kerman, south-western Iran, respectively (Fig. 72).

Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904)http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_duriculus

Figs 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 1423Saprinus duriculusReitter, 1904: 31.Styphrus duriculus:Jakobson (1911): 651.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_duriculushttp://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_duriculus


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Hypocacculus duriculus: Bickhardt (1916): 97.Exaesiopus duriculus:Reichardt (1926): 17; Reichardt (1941): 330, 333, Fig. 172.Reichardtiolus duriculus: Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt (1976): 239, Figs 465, 466, 468;

Mazur (1984): 103; Mazur (1997): 265; Mazur (2004): 96; Lackner (2010): 187,

Figs 27, 67, 132, 593610; Mazur (2011): 210.

Type locality.urkmenistan, Mary.Type material examined.Holotype: , side-mounted on a triangular point, four

segments of meso-tarsomere broken off, last two meta-tarsomeres broken off, with thefollowing labels: [printed]; followed by: Merw [printed]; followed by: Ahnger[printed]; followed by: S. duriculus/ m. 1904 yp [written label]; followed by: coll.Reitter [printed]; followed by: 1960 / Exaesiopus/ (Reichardtiolus) / duriculusRchdt(sic!) / Kryzhanovskij det. [printed-written]; followed by: Holotypus 1904 / Saprinus/ duriculus/ Reitter [red-framed printed-written label] (HNHM).

Additional material examined. TURKMENISTAN: 1 , Anau, Karakum,21.iv.1981, A. Olexa lgt.; 1 & 1 spec., Repetek, 12.iv.1989, M. Nikodm lgt.; 1 ,Amurdarja-Kirki, 1.-5.v.1993, no collector (all exs. LAN); 1 spec., Karakum, Repetek,4.v.1983, Krivoshatsky lgt., at light; 1 spec., schardshou, Repetek, 14.iv.1983, Sneklgt. (both CPV); 4 specs., ibid, but MSNG; 1 spec., Repetek, in burrow of Rhombomysopimus, 1.iv.1980, Krivoshatskij lgt. (ZIN); 1 spec., ibid, but 19.iv.1982, at light, samecollector (ZIN); 1 spec., 20 km E of Kerka, 23.iv.1984, at light, . Vereschagina lgt.(ZIN). KAZAKHSTAN: 1 , emir env., river Chatryly, 26.v.1908, D. Borodin &B. Uvarov lgt. (ZIN); 2 specs., Mangyshlak peninsula, Schtepe env., 24.-27.iv.1999,Smirnov leg (CAS); 1 spec., without further data (MSNG); 1 spec., low Ili River, env.Bakanas, 15.iv.1971, Badenko lgt. (ZIN); 1 spec., Gurivskaya oblast, Makata distr.,prom. Iskair, 13.vi.1981, Saraev lgt. (ZIN). UZBEKISTAN: 1 , Syr-Darya gebiet,Perovsk uezd, 5.v.1905, J. Baeckmann lgt. (ZIN); 1, Kyzyl-Kum, Yny-Darja, Perovskuezd, 24.iv.1911, Ivanov lgt. (ZIN); 2 specs., Kyzyl-Kum, Ayak-Agytma, 20.iv.1965,G. Medvedev lgt., sands (ZIN); 1 spec., Kyzyl-Kum, 70 km S of amdy, 1.v.1965, L.Arnoldi lgt. (ZIN). TAJIKISTAN: 1 , Syr-Daria Riv., nr. Karakum Reservoir, at

4032'16N 7017'47E, 13.iv.61, sandy desert, I.K.Lopatin lgt. (CA). CHINA: 1, Xinjiang Prov., mountain range okuz-Daban, upper Cherchen [=Qarqan] River,v. [18]90, Pevtzov lgt. (with doubt) (ZIN).

Re-description.Although this species has been recently re-described by the au-thor (Lackner 2010: 187), and the reader is referred there for the exhaustive accountof SEM micrographs and drawings of the mouthparts and sensory structures of theantenna, I prefer to repeat its re-description here for the reason that the following threespecies (R. sphingis, R. aldhaferiand R. perses) are morphologically very similar to R.duriculus. Tose species are consequently provided only with diagnostic descriptions

illuminating their respective differences from R. duriculus.Body length: PEL: 2.003.40 mm; APW: 0.651.05 mm; PPW: 1.3752.40 mm;EL: 1.252.25 mm; EW: 1.502.70 mm. Body (Fig. 1) elongate oval, strongly convex,cuticle dark brown with feeble metallic luster; legs, antennae and mouthparts rufous.


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Antennal scape (for fig. see Lackner 2010, fig. 596) slightly thickened, with severalshort setae; club (for fig. see Lackner 2010, fig. 595) rather large, without visible ar-ticulation, apical four-fifths covered with short sensilla intermingled with longer sparse

Figure 1.Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) habitus. (Photo by M. Smirnov, Ivanovo, Russia).


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erect sensilla, basal fifth glabrous; sensory structures of antennal club (for fig. see Lack-ner 2010, fig. 27) in form of stipe-shaped vesicle situated under circular sensory areaon internal distal margin of the ventral side of antennal club.

Mouthparts: mandibles (for fig. see Lackner 2010, fig. 101) with rounded outer

margin, strongly curved inwardly, mandibular apex acutely pointed; sub-apical toothon inner margin of left mandible blunt; labrum (for fig. see Lackner 2010, fig. 67)convex, coarsely punctate; with two labral pits, each with two well-sclerotized setae;terminal labial palpomere thickened, its width about half its length; mentum (Fig. 4)sub-trapezoidal, anterior margin shallowly emarginate medially; antero-lateral cornerswith few short setae, lateral margins with a single row of short ramose setae; disc ofmentum imbricate, asetose; cardo of maxilla with few short setae on lateral margin;stipes triangular, with three short setae; terminal maxillary palpomere thickened, itswidth about half its length, about twice as long as penultimate.

Clypeus (Fig. 2) slightly concave medially, rounded laterally, rugulose-lacunose;frontal stria well impressed, carinate, almost straight, somewhat weakened medially,continued as well-impressed, carinate supraorbital stria; frontal disc (Fig. 2) denselypunctate; eyes slightly convex, visible from above.

Pronotum (Fig. 1) convex, pronotal sides rounded, convergent anteriorly on theirapical third, apical angles inconspicuous; marginal pronotal stria complete, carinate;disc with very deep, dense and coarse punctures, laterally rugulose-lacunose, medi-ally punctuation weakens and becomes sparser; pronotal hypomeron with sparse shortamber setae.

Elytral epipleuron with a row of deep punctures; marginal epipleural stria wellimpressed, complete; marginal elytral stria complete, deeply impressed, carinate, con-tinued as complete apical elytra stria. Humeral elytral stria weakly impressed on basalthird, often doubled; inner subhumeral stria inconspicuous, present as tiny medianfragment; elytra with four dorsal striae 14, in large punctures, first, second and thirddorsal striae about the same length, reaching approximately elytral half apically, fourthdorsal elytral stria weakly impressed on basal third (occasionally longer apically), con-nected to complete sutural elytral stria. Elytral disc with deep round punctuation,

punctures separated by 24 times their diameter, becoming finer apically and laterally;between sutural elytral stria and elytral suture a row of regular fine punctures present.Propygidium transverse, coarsely and densely punctate; pygidium (Fig. 12) almost

as long as broad, with sparser punctuation; interspaces in both cases finely imbricate.Anterior margin of median portion of prosternum (Fig. 10) rounded; marginal

prosternal stria present laterally and as vague anterior fragment; prosternal foveae rath-er small; prosternal process rather narrow, slightly concave; carinal prosternal striaeslightly carinate, almost parallel, united in front of strongly carinate, shortened lateralprosternal striae. Surface between carinal prosternal striae almost smooth, prosternal

apophysis with several microscopic setae; lateral parts of prosternal process strigulatewith scattered microscopic punctures fringed with tiny setae.Anterior margin of mesoventrite (Fig. 6) feebly emarginate medially; discal mar-

ginal mesoventral stria well-impressed, carinate, slightly weakened anteriorly; disc of


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Figures 29.2Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) head, dorsal view 3Reichardtiolus sphingis(Pe-yerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., head, dorsal view 4Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) mentum, ventral

view 5Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., mentum, ventral view 6Reichardtiolus duric-ulus(Reitter, 1904) mesoventrite 7Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., mesoventrite 8Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) lateral disk of metaventrite 9Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyerimhoff,1936), comb. n., lateral disk of metaventrite.


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mesoventrite with scattered deep, round punctures, fringed with microscopic setae;meso-metaventral sutural stria absent; meso-metaventral suture distinct.

Intercoxal disc of metaventrite slightly longitudinally concave in male, with coarsescattered punctures, area around lateral metaventral stria smooth; lateral metaventral

stria (Fig. 8) deeply impressed, carinate, extending obliquely and shortened apically;lateral disc of metaventrite (Fig. 8) with shallow large setiferous punctures; metepis-ternum on basal half with similar punctuation, apical half of metepisternum (Fig. 8)almost smooth, fused metepimeron with few punctures; metepisternal stria presentalong entire fused metepimeron and metepisternum, intermittent basally.

Intercoxal disc of first abdominal sternite completely striate laterally, with sparsecoarse punctuation.

Protibia (for fig. see Lackner 2010, fig. 603) flattened and somewhat dilated, api-cal protibial margin formed by anterior margin of large sub-triangular distal-most toothtopped with large triangular denticle, outer margin apart from this tooth with anothersimilar tooth topped with large triangular denticle, followed by another, much lower toothtopped by much smaller triangular denticle and another microscopic denticle entombedin outer margin of protibia; setae of outer row on anterior surface of protibia sparse, regu-lar and short; setae of intermediate row similarly sparse and regular, much shorter thanthose of outer row; protarsal groove moderately deep; anterior protibial stria present onlyon basal third; tarsal denticles absent; protibial spur tiny, bent, growing out from apicalprotibial margin; apical margin of protibia posteriorly without denticles; outer part ofposterior surface of protibia sparsely punctate, distinctly separated from glabrous medianpart of posterior surface by irregular costiform stria fringed with sparse microscopic setae;posterior protibial stria complete, deeply impressed, with sparse microscopic setae; inner-ventral denticles absent; inner margin with single row of well sclerotized setae.

Mesotibia (for fig. see Lackner 2010, fig. 601) slightly thickened, outer marginwith two sparse rows of thin denticles greater in size apically; setae of outer row ratherdense, strongly sclerotized and longer than denticles of outer margin; setae of inter-mediate row sparse, microscopic; posterior mesotibial stria inconspicuous; anteriorsurface of mesotibia imbricate, with scattered minuscule punctures with microscopic

setae; anterior mesotibial stria shortened apically, almost complete; mesotibial spurstout, rather short; apical margin with several tiny denticles; claws of apical tarsomerelonger than half its length; metatibia basically similar to mesotibia, but much morethickened and dilated, rows of denticles of outer margin widely separated, outer row ofdenticles (for fig. see Lackner 2010, fig. 602) observable only from ventral view.

Male genitalia: Eighth sternite (Figs 1415) divided medially, apically with short setaeand a setose velum, 8thtergite apically only faintly emarginate, 8thsternite and tergite fusedlaterally, deep from lateral view (Fig. 16). enth tergite (Fig. 17) basally almost straight;9thtergite apically inwardly arcuate, anterior angles prominent (Fig. 17), sclerotization not

divided medially. Spiculum gastrale (Figs 1920): tips on anterior end without strong scle-rotization, posterior end outwardly arcuate. Basal piece of aedeagus (Figs 2223) rathershort, ratio to tegmen 1:5; aedeagus tube-like, with large opening for median lobe, apicallywith numerous pseudopores, curved laterally (Fig. 22); apex of aedeagus blunt (Fig. 21).


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Figures 1013.10Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) prosternum 11Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyer-

imhoff, 1936), comb. n., prosternum 12Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) pygidium 13Reichardtio-lus sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., pygidium.

Differential diagnosis. R. duriculus is most readily separated from R. pavlovskiifrom which it differs by the body size and other substantial morphological characters,e.g. the presence (vs. absence) of prosternal foveae, presence of elytral striae (almostindiscernible in R. pavlovskii) etc. Te differences among R. duriculusand other threecongeners are subtler and the species are best separated by their male terminalia; the

reader is referred to the key to species for details.Biology. A psammophilous species, usually collected in sand, occasionally col-lected also in rodents burrows or even at light.

Distribution. urkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, western China (?). Newlyrecorded from ajikistan (Fig. 72).

Remarks.Te single specimen from Xinjiang is a female, and differs from thespecimens from ex-Soviet middle Asia especially by very coarsely and rugosely punctatefrons and clypeus, as well as denser and coarser punctuation of mesoventrite and py-gidium. However, I am hesitant to describe a new species based on a single female and

prefer rather keeping it tentatively as a specimen of R. duriculus. Certainly, acquisitionof new material containing male specimens from the above-mentioned locality wouldhelp clarify its taxonomic status.


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Reichardtiolus sphingis Peyerimhoff, 1936, comb. n.http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_sphingisFigs 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 2433

Saprinus sphingisPeyerimhoff, 1936: 221; Mazur 1984: 64; Mazur 1997: 232; Mazur2004: 101; Mazur 2011: 188.

Type locality.Egypt, Sakkara.Material examined. EGYPT: 1 , Gebel Asfar, 2.iv.1935, coll. Alfieri Egypt

(FMNH). JORDAN: 2 , 1 & 9 specs., 60 km N El Mudawwara, 1000 m,2920'N, 3532'E, 5.iv.1994, Bev J. & S. lgt. (LAN); 1 , ibid, but CA; 1 ,ibid, but CND; 10 , ibid, but MSNG, 1 & 1, ibid, but CYG.

Diagnostic description.Body size: PEL: 2.803.25mm; APW: 0.901.10mm;PPW: 2.002.40mm; EW: 2.252.65mm; EL: 1.752.10mm. Body as in R. duriculus,pronotum darker than elytra; legs, antennae and mouthparts rufous; antennae as inR. duriculus. Mouthparts as in R. duriculus, but mentum on its anterior margin withdeeper emargination (compare Figs 4 and 5). Clypeus and frons similar to R. duricu-lus(compare Figs 2 and 3), but punctuation coarser and denser. Structure of prono-tum and elytra similar to those of R. duriculus; punctuation of elytral disk somewhatsparser than that of R. duriculus. Propygydium and pygydium more coarsely punctatethan those of R. duriculus, otherwise similar to it (compare Figs 12 and 13). Proster-num similar to that of R. duriculus, but more densely punctate (compare Figs 10 and11). Mesoventrite similar to that of R. duriculus, but marginal mesoventral stria of R.sphingis anteriorly interrupted medially and rather straight (compare Figs 6 and 7).Metaventrite similar to that of R. duriculus, but lateral disk of metaventrite and me-tepisternum more coarsely punctate than those of R. duriculus(compare Figs 8 and 9).Abdominal ventrites similar to those of R. duriculus. Legs similar to those of R. duricu-lus, but teeth of protibia of R. sphingismore blunt than those of R. duriculusand den-ticles of meso- and metatibia of R. sphingisshorter, thinner and more blunt than thoseof R. duriculus. Male genitalia: 8thsternite (Figs 2425) well sclerotized, apically with

small setose velum covered with pores; 8th

tergite (Fig. 25) apically widely emarginatedmedially, covered with pores and pseudopores. 9thtergite (Fig. 26) strongly sclerotizedlaterally, anterior half with pores and pseudopores, laterally with projection (Fig. 27);basal margin of 10thtergite inwardly arcuate (Fig. 26). Spiculum gastrale (Fig. 29) onanterior end strongly sclerotized on both tips; posterior end almost straight. Aedeagusof R. sphingissimilar to that of R. perses(compare Figs 3233 and 6061); aedeagalapex of R. persesblunt, whereas pointed in R. sphingis(compare Figs 31 and 58).

Differential diagnosis.R. sphingisis best separated from R. pavlovskiiby the samecharacters as R. duriculus; for the differences among rest of the congeners the reader is

referred to the key to species.Biology.According to Mr. S. Bev (pers. comm.) the series of this species fromJordan (El Mudawwara) was found under the grass at the foot of a small sand dune.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_sphingishttp://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_sphingis


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Figures 1423. 14Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) 8thsternite and tergite, ventral view 15ditto,

dorsal view 16ditto, lateral view 17Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) 9th+ 10thtergites, dorsal view18ditto, lateral view 19Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) spiculum gastrale, ventral view 20ditto,lateral view 21Reichardtiolus duriculus(Reitter, 1904) apex of aedeagus, frontal view 22Reichardtiolusduriculus(Reitter, 1904) aedeagus, dorsal view 23ditto, lateral view.


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Distribution. Egypt, surroundings of Cairo; south Jordan, 60 km N El Mudaw-wara (Fig. 72).

Remarks.Peyerimhoff (1936) based his description of Saprinus sphingison a singlefemale, collected on 12 January 1933 in Sakkara, which is in northern Egypt (Peyer-

imhoffs original description mentions Basse-Egypte), vicinity of Cairo. Te typespecimen was, according to Peyerimhoffs description deposited in Alfieris collection.Although this collection has been (partly?) acquired by FMNH, the only specimenof S. sphingisfound there did not bear the locality labels corresponding with those of

Figures 2433. 24Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., 8thsternite and tergite, ventralview 25ditto, dorsal view 26Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., 9th+ 10thtergites, dor-sal view 27ditto, lateral view 28Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., 8thsternite and ter-gite, lateral view 29Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., spiculum gastrale, ventral view30ditto, lateral view 31Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., apex of aedeagus, frontalview 32Reichardtiolus sphingis(Peyerimhoff, 1936), comb. n., aedeagus, dorsal view 33 ditto, lateral view.


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the Peyerimhoffs type specimen. Terefore this specimen cannot be designated as theLectotype and the type specimen of Saprinus sphingisremains undiscovered. However,the specimen treated here was most likely identified by Peyerimhoff as S. sphingisandcompletely agrees with Peyerimhoffs description. It has been collected near Jebel Asfar,

which is north of Cairo. Tis locality is not far from Sakkara, which is south of Cairo.Te specimens collected in southern Jordan by Mrs. J. & S. Bev (esk Budjovice,Czech Republic) are virtually identical to the specimen from Egypt. Because the onlyknown specimen of R. sphingisfrom Egypt is a female, the genitalia depicted in thiswork belong to one of the Jordanian specimens.

Reichardtiolus aldhaferisp. n.http://zoobank.org/5DBC0C28-18FC-40FA-92B4-21222C33DE98

http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_aldhaferiFigs 3447

Type locality.Saudi Arabia, environs of Riyadh, Rhodet Khorim.Type material examined. Holotype, male, side-mounted on a triangular point

with male genitalia extracted, dismembered and glued to the same mounting-point asthe specimen, with following labels: (printed); followed by: Saudi Arabia, RhodetKhorim / 2525.943'N, 4713.863', Alt. / 572m 5.ii.2012 HP (B) (printed, black-margined label); followed by: Reichardtiolusaldhaferi/ sp. n. Det. . Lackner / 2013HOLOYPE (red label, printed) (KSMA). Paratypes: 3& 1, idem as Holotype(1and 1 are sputter-coated with gold); 2, with following labels: (printed),followed by: Saudi Arabia, Rhodet Khorim / N : 2522'58"/E:4716'44" / 08.i.2012Light rap (A) (printed, black-margined label); 1, with following labels: (printed),followed by: Saudi Arabia Rhodet Khorim / N : 2525'94"/ E: 4713'86" / 25.xii.2011Light rap (B) (printed, black-margined label); 1 , with following labels: (printed),followed by: Saudi Arabia Kharah, Al / Mozahmiah 30km W.Riyadh / 24.ii.2011/L /N2823'33"/ E4614'39" / Al Dhafer, H.; Kondratieff,B.; / Fadl, H.&Al Gharbawi, A.

(printed-written, black-margined label); 1 , with following labels: (printed), fol-lowed by: KSA: Riyadh: Dirab / 20.i.1986 L (written). All exs. KSMA except for 1 from Rhodet Khorim, 5.ii.2012 and 1 , ibid, but 25.xii.2011 in coll. LAN.

Diagnostic description. Body size: PEL: 2.503.25mm; APW: 0.851.15 mm;PPW: 1.802.25 mm; EW: 2.002.50 mm; EL: 1.502.00 mm. Body darker than that ofR. duriculus, otherwise similar to it. Legs and antennae darker than those of R. duriculus;mouthparts similar except mentum, which is on its anterior margin more emarginatedthan that of R. duriculus(compare Figs 4 and 35). Clypeus anteriorly elevated (Fig. 34),with slight median depression, rugosely punctate; frons (Fig. 34) coarsely and densely

punctate, medially rugulose-lacunose, with shallow depressions; frontal and supraorbitalstriae and eyes as in R. duriculus. Pronotum slightly less acutely narrowing apically thanthat of R. duriculus; punctuation on pronotal disk sparser than that of R. duriculus. Elytrasimilar to those of R. duriculus, but dorsal elytral striae weaker, occasionally striae 3-4
http://zoobank.org/5DBC0C28-18FC-40FA-92B4-21222C33DE98http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_aldhaferihttp://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_aldhaferihttp://zoobank.org/5DBC0C28-18FC-40FA-92B4-21222C33DE98


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shortened apically, only half as long as striae 1-2 or even evanescent; between 4 thdorsalelytral and sutural striae in several specimens punctures scratch-like and surface withvariously deep longitudinal wrinkles; rarely with shallow depression between the bases of4thand sutural elytral striae. Punctuation of elytral disk sparser than that of R. duriculus,punctures separated by several times their diameter; in fourth elytral interval occasionally

scratch-like. Propygidium and pygidium similar to those of R. duriculus, but punctua-tion denser and coarser in R. aldhaferi, although not as dense as in R. sphingis (compareFigs 12, 13 and 37). Structure of prosternal process similar to that of R. duriculus, butprosternal keel laterally more compressed and setose (compare Figs 10 and 36); carinalprosternal striae occasionally very approximate, medially almost united and difficult todiscern; prosternal foveae smaller than those of R. duriculus. Mesoventrite sub-square,trapezoidal, punctuation sparse, punctures separated by several times their own diameter;marginal mesoventral stria always complete anteriorly, almost straight; meso-metaventralsutural stria absent, suture distinct. Metaventrite, metepisternum and abdominal ven-

trites similar to those of R. duriculus. Legs as in R. duriculus; except denticles of mesotibiathat are sparser, thinner and shorter. Male genitalia: 8thsternite (Figs 3839) stronglysclerotized laterally, apically with pseudopores and a row of short setae and small velumcovered with minute setae; 8thtergite (Fig. 39) deeply emarginated apically, on basal half

Figures 3437. 34Reichardtiolus aldhaferisp. n., head, dorsal view 35Reichardtiolus aldhaferisp. n., men-tum, ventral view 36Reichardtiolus aldhaferisp. n., prosternum 37Reichardtiolus aldhaferisp. n., pygidium.


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Figures 3847. 38Reichardtiolus aldhaferisp. n., 8thsternite and tergite, ventral view 39ditto, ventral

view 40ditto, lateral view 41Reichardtiolus aldhaferisp. n., 9th+ 10thtergites, dorsal view 42ditto, lateralview 43Reichardtiolus aldhaferisp. n., spiculum gastrale, ventral view 44ditto, lateral view 45Reich-ardtiolus aldhaferisp. n., aedeagus, dorsal view 46ditto, lateral view 47Reichardtiolus aldhaferisp. n.,apex of aedeagus, frontal view.


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with prominent pores; 8thsternite and tergite fused laterally (Fig. 40). 9thtergite (Fig.41) well sclerotized along margins, laterally without projection (Fig. 42), apically withtwo bisinuate strongly sclerotized lines visible from dorsal view, apical half covered withpseudopores, sclerotization of tergite medially divided, two parts held together by weakly

sclerotized part; 10thtergite basally faintly inwardly arcuate (Fig. 41). ips of apical endof spiculum gastrale (Fig. 43) without strongly sclerotized parts, apical end strongly in-wardly arcuate, basal end outwardly arcuate. Aedeagus (Figs 4546) similar to that of R.duriculus, but laterally more curved and medially thickened (compare Figs 23 and 46).

Differential diagnosis.As with preceding species.Biology. Unknown, presumably similar to the congeners, the examined specimens

were collected at light in winter months.Distribution. Saudi Arabia, environs of Riyadh (Fig. 72).Etymology.Patronymic, named after the head of the entomology department at

KSMA,H. M. Al Dhafer.

Reichardtiolus perses sp. n.http://zoobank.org/9B800BDD-A4B9-4D0B-BCE1-85CE9859E039http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_persesFigs 4861

Type locality.Iran, Kerman, alab.Type material examined. Holotype, male, side-mounted on triangular point with

male genitalia extracted and glued to the same triangular point as the specimen, leftprotarsus and left mid-leg missing, piece of left elytron from the elytral flank along theelytral base towards the fourth elytral stria chipped out; with the following labels: (printed); followed by: Kerman: str. alab / 1920.i.[19]01 / N. Zarudny (printed-written label in Russian); followed by: Coll. Semenov-ian-Shansky (printed); fol-lowed by: ZOOLOGICAL / INSIUE RAS / S. PEERSBURG (yellow label,printed); followed by: Reichardtiolusperses / sp.nov. HOLOYPE / Det. . Lack-

ner 2013 (red label, printed) (ZIN). Paratypes: 1 , ibid (sputter coated with gold)(ZIN); 1, ibid, but 20.i.[19]01, with an additional written-printed label: Exaesiopus/ duriculusRtt. / Reichardt det. (LAN).

Diagnostic description. Body size: PEL: 2.503.75 mm; APW: 0.751.15 mm;PPW: 1.902.75 mm; EW: 2.003.00 mm; EL: 1.752.50 mm. Body in general(except for R. pavlovskii) larger than the rest of congeners, cuticle similar to that ofR. duriculus; legs, antennae and mouthparts chestnut brown. Mouthparts similarto those of R. duriculus, mentum on anterior margin deeply emarginated medially(Fig. 49). Clypeus and frons (Fig. 48) coarsely and densely punctate; frontal stria

weakened medially; frontal disk with low protuberances and shallow depressions,very coarsely and densely punctate, especially medially; clypeus margined laterally.Pronotum as in R. duriculus, punctuation medially sparser, punctures weak and sepa-rated by several times their diameter. Elytra generally similar to those of R. duriculus;
http://zoobank.org/9B800BDD-A4B9-4D0B-BCE1-85CE9859E039http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_perseshttp://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_perseshttp://zoobank.org/9B800BDD-A4B9-4D0B-BCE1-85CE9859E039


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Figures 4851. 48Reichardtiolus persessp. n., head, dorsal view 49Reichardtiolus persessp. n., mentum,ventral view 50Reichardtiolus persessp. n., prosternum 51Reichardtiolus persessp. n., pygidium.

punctuation of pygydium generally denser than that of R. duriculus(compare Figs 12and 51). Prosternal process flattened to slightly concave, compressed laterally; cari-nal prosternal striae approximate, complete; prosternal foveae small. Mesoventritesub-quadrate, marginal stria anteriorly complete; punctuation sparser than that ofR. duriculus, punctures separated by several times their diameter; meso-metaventral

stria absent, in case of one specimen substituted by a string of punctures. Metaven-trite, metepisternum and abdominal ventrites similar to those of R. duriculus. Legssimilar to those of R. duriculus, R. sphingis, and R. aldhaferi. Male genitalia: 8thster-nite (Figs 5253) strongly sclerotized, apically with dense row of short setae and se-tose velum; 8thtergite apically with deep emargination, on basal half with numerouspores and pseudopores (Fig. 53). Sclerotization of 9 thtergite divided medially (as inR. aldhaferi), on apical half with pores and pseudopores; 10thtergite inwardly arcuateon its basal margin. 9thtergite on apical third with faint, weakly sclerotized bisinuateline, visible only from lateral view (Fig. 59). Spiculum gastrale (Fig. 54) on apical

end inwardly arcuate (although not as deeply as with R. sphingisor R. aldhaferi), witha unique sclerotized ring medially; basal end of spiculum gastrale outwardly arcuate.Aedeagus generally most similar to that of R. sphingis, but blunt apically (compareFigs 31 and 58).


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Differential diagnosis.R. persesis the second largest species of the genus (after R.pavlovskii) and externally very similar to R. duriculus, R. aldhaferi, andR.sphingis, differ-ing from them mainly by the structure of male terminalia. From the largest species of thegenus, R. pavlovskiiit differs by the same characteristics as the preceding three species.

Figures 5261. 52Reichardtiolus persessp. n., 8thsternite and tergite, ventral view 53ditto, dorsal view54Reichardtiolus persessp. n., spiculum gastrale, ventral view 55ditto, lateral view 56Reichardtiolus persessp. n., 8thsternite and tergite, lateral view 57Reichardtiolus persessp. n., 9th+ 10thtergites, dorsal view58Reichardtiolus persessp. n., apex of aedeagus, frontal view 59Reichardtiolus persessp. n., 9th+ 10thter-gites, lateral view 60Reichardtiolus persessp. n., aedeagus, dorsal view 61ditto, lateral view.


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Biology. Unknown, presumably similar to its congeners.Distribution. Iran, environs of Kerman (Fig. 72).Etymology.Te name of this new species means Persian. It is a noun in apposi-

tion in the nominative singular form.

Reichardtiolus pavlovskii Kryzhanovskij, 1959http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_pavlovskiiFigs 6271

Exaesiopus pavlovskiiKryzhanovskij, 1959: 216, fig 1.Reichardtiolus pavlovskii: Kryzhanovskij in Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt (1976): 239,

240; Mazur (1984): 103; Mazur (1997): 265; Mazur (2004): 96; Mazur (2011):

210.

Type locality.urkmenistan, Badkhyz Nature Reserve.Type material examined.Holotype, female, side mounted on a triangular mount-

ing point: Yu. V. [=Yugo-Vostochnyj, South-Eastern] urkm. [=urkmenistan], Bad-khyz / 12 km W Kala-i-Mor / 31.iii.1957 G. Medvedev [written]; Barkhannye peski[= moving sands] (written); Exaesiopus / (Reichardtiolus) / pavlovskiim., typ. / O.Kryzhano- / vskij det [1]958 (printed-written); Holotypus / Exaesiopus / pavlovs-kiiKryzh. (red label, written); Zoological / Institute RAS / St. Petersburg (yellowprinted label); 09-068 (yellow pencil-written label), added by the author (ZIN).

Re-description. Body size PEL: 4.25 mm; APW: 1.25 mm; PPW: 3.20 mm; EL:3.50 mm; EW: 3.00 mm. Body (Figs 6263) rectangular oval, strongly convex, pro-notum somewhat narrower than elytra, cuticle dark brown to black, elytra somewhatlighter, without metallic luster, entire dorsal surface rugulose-lacunose; legs, mouth-parts and antennae light to dark brown, antennal club black.

Antennal scape not particularly thickened, punctate dorsally, punctures with nu-merous long setae; club (Fig. 65) oval, slightly depressed dorso-ventrally; without visi-

ble articulation, entire surface with thick short yellow sensilla intermingled with sparselonger erect sensilla, ventrally with two large round sensory areas (Figs 65, 66); sen-sory structures of antennal club not examined. Mouthparts: mandibles stout, denselypunctate, dorso-lateral area with sparse short setae, acutely pointed; labrum convexwith two labral setae growing out from each labral pit; square-shaped, anterior anglesproduced, anterior margin with deep median excavation, surface around it with fourlonger setae; lateral margins with double row of shorter ramose setae; disc of mentumimbricate; other parts of the mouth not examined.

Clypeus sub-quadrate, coarsely punctate, slightly depressed medially and slightly

carinate laterally; frontal stria carinate, interrupted anteriorly, continuous with weaklycarinate supraorbital stria; frontal disc rugulose-lacunose; eyes flattened, but visiblefrom above.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_pavlovskiihttp://species-id.net/wiki/Reichardtiolus_pavlovskii


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Figures 6271. 62Reichardtiolus pavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij, 1959) habitus, dorsal view 63Reichardtioluspavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij, 1959) habitus, ventral view 64Reichardtiolus pavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij, 1959)protibia, dorsal view 65Reichardtiolus pavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij, 1959) antennal club, ventro-lateral view66Reichardtiolus pavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij, 1959) detail of the sensory area of the antenna 67Reichardti-olus pavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij, 1959) protibia, ventral view 68Reichardtiolus pavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij,1959) prosternum 69Reichardtiolus pavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij, 1959) lateral disk of metaventrite + fusedmetepisternum 70Reichardtiolus pavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij, 1959) metatibia, dorsal view 71Reichardtio-lus pavlovskii(Kryzhanovskij, 1959) ditto, ventral view.


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Pronotal sides (Fig. 62) on basal two-thirds moderately convergent anteriorly,strongly convergent anteriorly on apical third, apical angles blunt; pronotal foveaeabsent; marginal pronotal stria complete, carinate, slightly weakened behind head; discof pronotum completely with deep coarse elongate punctures separated by less than

half their diameter forming rugulose-lacunose wrinkles medially; pronotal hypomeronwith short yellow setae; scutellum very small, visible.

Elytral humeri slightly prominent; elytra widest at humeri; elytral epipleura inlarge punctures; marginal epipleural stria complete, surface between it and elytralmargin smooth; marginal elytral stria straight and carinate, continued as somewhatweakened complete apical elytral stria continuous with sutural elytral stria. Humeralelytral stria faintly impressed on basal third; inner subhumeral stria present as a me-dian fragment; dorsal elytral striae vaguely impressed, almost obliterated under coarserugulose-lacunose punctuation, only first and second dorsal striae distinguishable, notreaching elytral midpoint apically, third and fourth striae faint, shorter than first andsecond; sutural elytral stria faintly impressed, abbreviated at basal tenth, complete toapex, continuous with apical elytral stria; entire elytral disc (with exception of elytralhumeri) rugulose-lacunose.

Propygidium largely covered by elytra; its punctuation similar to that of elytraldisc; pygidium also densely and coarsely punctate; punctures with minuscule setae.

Anterior margin of median portion of prosternum (Fig. 68) projected medially,setose; prosternal foveae absent; marginal prosternal stria present laterally and as ex-tremely short apical rudiment; prosternal apophysis constricted between procoxae,rugulose-lacunose, setose, prosternal process thence strongly compressed, knife-like,setose, surface imbricate, dorso-medially with numerous setiferous punctures; vestigesof carinal prosternal striae present on prosternal apophysis; lateral prosternal striaepresent as faint rudiments, almost invisible.

Anterior margin of mesoventrite with slight median projection; discal marginalmesoventral stria complete; disc of mesoventrite convex, rugulose-lacunose; meso-metaventral suture straight, thin; meso-metaventral sutural stria undulate; intercoxaldisc of metaventrite (Fig. 69) depressed medially; with sparser and finer punctuation

than that of mesoventrite, punctures separated by two-three times their diameter; lat-eral metaventral stria straight, shortened; lateral disc of metaventrite slightly excavate,with dense deep setiferous punctures; metepisternum (Fig. 69) with similar setifer-ous punctures; fused metepimeron with sparser punctuation; lateral metepisternal striacomplete, deeply impressed.

Intercoxal disc of first abdominal ventrite completely striate laterally; completelycovered with punctuation; punctures similar to those of disc of metaventrite.

Protibia (Figs 64, 67) dilated, outer margin with three large widely-spaced distalteeth topped by large triangular denticle, diminishing in size in proximal direction, fol-

lowed by two smaller proximal denticles; setae of outer row thin, sparse and short; setaeof median row similar to those of outer row; protarsal groove shallow; anterior proti-bial stria carinate, almost complete; protibial spur small, straight, growing out neartarsal insertion; outer part of posterior surface of protibia (Fig. 67) almost smooth,


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tire dorsal surface rugulose-lacunose, whereas the dorsal surface of the other speciesis mostly chestnut brown and punctate, never rugulose-lacunose. Dorsal elytral striae(Fig. 62) of R. pavlovskiiare vaguely impressed, almost obliterated under coarse rugu-lose-lacunose punctuation, only first and second dorsal striae distinguishable, while

with the rest of congeners they are usually distinct. Tis species differs likewise fromthe rest of its congeners by the structure of the prosternal keel (compare Figs 1011,36, 50 and 68), which is projected medially, strongly compressed, almost knife-like,lacking foveae, and with only vestigial striae. R. pavlovskiialso differs from the otherspecies by the lateral disc of the metaventrite and fused metepisternum (Fig. 69) thatare covered with almost confluent setiferous punctures, whereas the punctures are notconfluent in R. duriculus, R. perses, R. aldhaferior R. sphingis. Te protibia (Figs 64 and67) is similar to the other three species, but adorned with three short teeth topped byacute large triangular denticle (instead of two) followed by one shorter denticle en-tombed in protibial margin and one more microscopic denticle. Te mesotibia on itsanterior surface has an additional two-three dense rows of short denticles instead of thesingle row present in R. duriculus, R. sphingis, R. persesand R. aldhaferi; the metatibia(Figs 7071) is much more thickened and dilated than those of the other four species;the anterior surface of metatibia has six-seven rows of short stout denticles as opposedto only two rows inR. duriculus, R.sphingis, R. persesand R. aldhaferi. Unfortunately,the only examined specimen is a female so the male genitalia could not be comparedto those of other species.

Biology.Found in the sand under Tamarix(Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt, 1976).Distribution. So farknown only from two places in urkmenistan: about 40 km

north of Mary, eastern urkmenistan and Badkhyz Nature Reserve, southeastern urk-menistan (Fig. 72).

Remarks. Kryzhanovskij (1959), in his original description, omitted the char-acter of the prosternal striae, and in the Fauna USSR (Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt1976) he provided a brief re-description of this species but omitted the prosternumaltogether, pointing only to the greater size and surface of the dorsal side of body asdistinguishing characters for separating Reichardtiolus duriculus from R. pavlovskii.

R. pavlovskii is, according to Kryzhanovskij in Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt (1976)known only from two females and I have only examined one of them, the holotype.Te repository of the second specimen of this rare species is unknown. Although R.

pavlovskiiis morphologically rather different from the other species of the genus, I amhesitant to erect a new genus for it, especially since no male is available and the maleterminalia could not be examined.

Key to the species of the genus Reichardtiolus

1(2) Metatibia on anterior surface (Fig. 71) with more than 5 dense rows of tinydenticles; protibia on outer margin with three short teeth topped by denticle(Fig. 64), followed by one more small tooth embedded in the outer margin


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topped by a denticle and a minuscule denticle; a large species (4.25 mm)(urkmenistan) .............. Reichardtiolus pavlovskii (Kryzhanovskij, 1959)

2(1) Metatibia on anterior surface with one or two sparse rows of tiny denticles(for fig. see Lackner 2010: fig 602); protibia on outer margin with two short

teeth topped by denticle (for fig. see Lackner 2010: fig 603), followed by onemore small tooth embedded in the prosternal margin topped by a denticleand a minuscule denticle; smaller species (up to 3.80 mm).

3(4) Mentum almost without emargination on anterior margin (Fig. 4), 8thtergiteapically almost straight (Fig. 15); spiculum gastrale apically only faintly inward-ly arcuate (Fig. 19), species from middle Asia ......R. duriculus(Reitter, 1904)

4(3) Mentum anteriorly with moderately deep to deep emargination (Fig. 5), 8thtergite apically deeply emarginate (see for example Fig. 39); spiculum gastraleapically strongly inwardly arcuate (see for example Fig. 43); species from NearEast, Iran.

5(6) Aedeagus strongly curved from lateral view (Fig. 46), thickened medially(Fig. 45); species from Saudi Arabia .................................R. aldhaferi sp. n.

6(5) Aedeagus only moderately curved from lateral view (Figs 33, 61), not particu-larly thickened medially (Figs 32, 60); species from Egypt, Jordan and SW Iran

7(8) Basal margin of 10thtergite moderately inwardly arcuate, without a promi-nent incision (Fig. 57), both tips of apical end of spiculum gastrale withoutstrongly sclerotized parts (Fig. 54), sclerotization of 9thtergite medially di-vided (Fig. 57), species from SW Iran ................................... R. perses sp. n.

8(7) 10thtergite on basal margin with median incision (Fig. 26), both tips of apicalend of spiculum gastrale with strongly sclerotized parts (Fig. 29), sclerotiza-tion of 9thtergite undivided medially (Fig. 26), species from N Egypt and SJordan ........................................................R. sphingis (Peyerimhoff, 1932)

Discussion

Reichardtiolus is a small psammophilous Saprininae genus currently comprising fivespecies: R. duriculus, R. sphingis, R. aldhaferi, R. perses and R. pavlovskii. Althoughthe four former species are morphologically very similar and undoubtedly related, thelatter species R. pavlovskiiis rather different from the rest and characterized by severalautapomorphies, e.g. rudimentary sets of prosternal striae, absence of prosternal fo-veae, and more than five rows of densely set short denticles on the anterior surface ofmetatibia. Its protibia is also different from those of R. duriculus, R. sphingis, R. persesor R. aldhaferiby having an extra tooth on its outer margin. Te four morphologi-cally similar species apparently represent allopatric congeners all sharing a rather recent

common ancestor, since they only differ in minute details most evident in their malegenitalia. It is possible that their common ancestor came from the deserts of middleAsia, and subsequently speciated in the arid regions of North Africa, Near East, andIran in search for new habitats as a form of adaptive radiation. All five species seem to


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be well adapted to the psammophilous way of life with thickened femora and tibiae,enlarged protibiae with large triangular teeth each topped by a denticle, as well as hav-ing the underside of the body covered with vestiture.

Phylogenetically speaking, the type species of the genus has been recovered in the

recently performed cladistic analysis of the author (Lackner, unpublished) as a memberof a large unresolved clade of taxa that all share a single unique synapomorphy of asingle, stipe-shaped vesicle inside the internal-distal part of the antennal club, as wellas several other, weaker synapomorphies. However, the species R. pavlovskii, which wasalso included in the analysis, has been recovered rather distant from the type species ofthe genus, R. duriculus. Because of the low resolution of the morphology-based clad-ogram, and absence of a male specimen of R. pavlovskiiI decided not to alter the ge-neric rank of the latter species. Te members of the genus Reichardtioluscover a rathervast area (Fig. 72) from the Chinese Xinjiang province in the east to the Egyptian local-ity in the west, from the Kazakh localities in the north to the Saudi Arabian localitiesin the south. Such a vast area likely houses further undescribed species of Reichardtiolusand it is hoped that this study shall encourage their discovery by fellow entomologists.

Acknowledgements

I am indebted to my former supervisor Masahiro hara (Sapporo, Japan) for his guid-ance, mentorship and all help during my stay in Sapporo. Tanks are due to the cu-rators of the institutes mentioned above as well as proprietors of the private collec-tions for their help with the specimens. Mahmoud Saleh Seleem (Riyadh, SaudiArabia) has sent me the Saudi Arabian specimens of R. aldhaferiand I would like tothank him for that. Lubo Dembick and Petr Baa (both Brno, Czech Republic)have been helpful with various technical issues while preparing this manuscript. Alexeyishechkin (Baton Rouge, USA) has helped with explanation of literature. My wifePepina Artimov has produced the distributional map of Reichardtiolusused in this work,as well as helped with the specific epithet of the Iranian Reichardtiolusand I would like

to thank her for that. Maxim Smirnov (Ivanovo, Russia) is thanked for his permissionto reproduce the photograph of Reichardtiolus duriculus.Alexander Moyseyko (SaintPetersburg, Russia) has helped with the deciphering and translation of the Russian labelsof the specimens housed at ZIN and I am thankful to him for that. Tis paper owes itsquality to the meticulous work of the editor for the Histeroidea for ZooKeys as well asone outside reviewer and the author would like to express his gratitude for their input.

References

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Documents

Lackner, T. 2014. Revision of the Genus Reichardtiolus