Lameness - UMN College Vet Med · Foot Health Program • Integrated approach to lameness – Producers – Hoof trimmers – Veterinarians – Nutritionists – Support Industry

©2008 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

Lameness

U of MN China Dairy Conference

Gerard Cramer DVM, DVSc. [email protected] @dairycowfootdoc

@DairyKNOW


Outline for Lameness Sessions

• Background • What causes lameness? • How do we find lame cows? • How do we trim cows? • How do we address lameness? • How do we use a footbath?



Outline

• Importance • Anatomy & Biomechanics • Causes & Prevention



Importance to Industry

• Economic – Decreased productivity

•~$300-$500/case

• More work for farm – Labour – Disrupts protocols

• Animal Welfare Problem



Animal Welfare



World Wide Problem

• Prevalence of lameness – China ~31% (Chapinal et al., 2014) – NA ~25-55% % (Espejo et al., 2006, Cramer 2007, von Keyserlingk et al., 2012) – EU ~ 17-35% (Barker et al., 2010, Amory et al., 2005, Dippel et al., 2009) – Producer estimates ~5%



World Wide Problem

• Prevalence of hoof lesions – Typically above 40% in most studies

• Infectious Lesions most common – DD

•Hoof horn Lesions – Sole Ulcers, White Line Disease



Lameness Causes

• Limb/Upper Body • Foot

– 3 Major categories • Infectious/Skin •Horn (Non-Infectious) •Other

– 85-90% in 2 hind claws



Anatomy & Biomechanics



Coronary Band

Hoof Wall

Sole


White Line

Heel Bulb

Toe


Interdigital Space (“Between the toes”)


Anatomy • Tendons

– Deep and Superficial Flexor – Extensor

• Digital cushion • P1-3 • Flexor tuberosity • Navicular bone • Corium • Wall/Sole/Heel, White line • Dorsal common digital vein • Plantar vein



Anatomy


©2008 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. U of MN China Dairy Conference

Cattle Foot Care and claw Trimming (Raven 1985)


Anatomy



Digital Cushion



Anatomy



Weight Bearing


40% 60%

Push Steering


Effect of Rigid Attachment


Cattle Foot Care and claw Trimming (Raven 1985)

Klauwen Hulsen, 2004


Cattle Locomotion Patterns

Created by Sven Meyer; Video courtesy of Dr. Christoph Mülling, Leipzig University U of MN China Dairy Conference


Cow’s Response


Cattle Lameness and Hoofcare (Blowey 1998)


Effects of Cow’s Response


Abnormal weight bearing

Increased Horn Growth

Hard non-giving surface

Lesions Lame Cows


Major Diseases

• Digital Dermatitis • Sole Ulcer • White Line Disease • Footrot • Deep Sepsis



How to Address??

• Breed a better cow



Breed a Better Cow: Heritability of Foot Lesions

NL Nordic GER CANLesionDigital dermatitis 0.09 0.04 0.08Ulcers 0.08 0.04 0.07White line Dz 0.03 0.02 0.05Lesion 0.04 0.08Infectious 0.09Hoof Horn 0.05# of Cows 41,048 296,904 16,681 34,905

h2

Van der Linde 2010 Swalve 2008, Johansson 2011, Chapinal 2013



How to Address??



TOO SLOW !!!


How to Address??


• OR

• Adjust management to reflect current cows



Foot Health Program

• Integrated approach to lameness – Producers – Hoof trimmers – Veterinarians – Nutritionists – Support Industry

•Dairy equipment companies •Builders



Addressing Lameness

• Focus on Success Factors – What must we do to be successful? – Key influencers on a system

• Ensure you remember big picture. • Starts with lesion data



Addressing Lameness

• Need Records – # of lame cows – Major causes

•Record Lesions not Treatments – Are things changing? – When and Who is affected?



Lameness Records



Success Factors

Low Infection Pressure Good Horn Quality and Shape

Low Forces on the feet Early Detection & Treatment U of MN China Dairy Conference


Success Factors Lameness Map

Low Infection Pressure Good Horn Quality and Shape

Low Forces on the feet Early Detection & Treatment

White Line Disease

Sole Ulcer

Digital Dermatitis



Summary

• Worldwide problem • Animal welfare issue • We know what to do

– Clean, dry, comfortable – Find them fast and treat – Trim appropriately


Lameness�Outline for Lameness SessionsOutlineImportance to IndustryAnimal WelfareWorld Wide ProblemWorld Wide ProblemLameness CausesAnatomy & BiomechanicsSlide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15AnatomyAnatomyAnatomyAnatomySlide Number 20AnatomyDigital CushionAnatomyWeight BearingEffect of Rigid AttachmentCattle Locomotion PatternsCow’s ResponseEffects of Cow’s ResponseMajor DiseasesHow to Address??Breed a Better Cow:�Heritability of Foot LesionsHow to Address??How to Address??Foot Health ProgramAddressing LamenessAddressing LamenessLameness RecordsSuccess Factors�Success Factors�Lameness MapSummary

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Lameness - UMN College Vet Med · Foot Health Program • Integrated approach to lameness – Producers – Hoof trimmers – Veterinarians – Nutritionists – Support Industry