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FISH I.D.
Project Lance Sessions
Mr. Arrington
1st Block
Table of Contents
Saltwater:
1 Great Barracuda
2 Peacock Flounder
3 Porbeagle
4 Blue Marlin
5 Crocodile Shark
6 Picasso Fish
7 Whitetip reef shark
8 French Angelfish
9 Sailfin Tang
10 Blackback Anemonefish
11 Clown anemonefish
12 Atlantic bluefin tuna
13 Skipjack tuna
14 Albacore
15 Fangtooth
16 California sheephead
17 Chinook salmon
18 Leather Bass
19 Spiny Puffer
20 Common Dolphinfish
21 Atlantic Salmon
22 Sockeye Salmon
23 Rainbow Trout
24 Brook Trout
25 Striped Sea-Bass
26 Freshwater: channel catfish
27 North African catfish
28 electric catfish
29 sheatfish
30 green sunfish
31 bigmouth bass
32 smallmouth bass
33 redear sunfish
34 central stoneroller
35 brook stickleback
36 Macquarie perch
37 Fathead minnow
38 Longnose gar
39 Spotted gar
40 Florida gar
41 Shortnose gar
42 Alligator gar
43 White bass
44 Rock bass
45 Brown bullhead
46 Bluegill
47 Yellow bullhead
48 goldfish
49 cardinal tetra
50 black crappie
51 Saltwater invertebrates: Thimble jellyfish
52 Purplestriped jelly
53 Sea nettle
54 Lion’s mane jellyfish
55 Eared stalked jellyfish
56 Moon jelly
57 Purple-spined sea urchin
58 Long-spined sea urchin
59 Common sand dollar
60 (Alaskan) king crab
61 Green crab
62 Florida stone crab
63 Yellowline arrow crab
64 Giant Japanese spider crab
65 Chinese mitten crab
66 Freshwater in: Freshwater jellyfish
67 Black spot flatworm
68 Eastern grass shrimp
69 Daggerblade grass shrimp
70 Asian clam
Title: Saltwater Species#: 1
Common Name: Great Barracuda
Scientific Name: Sphyraena barracuda
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Sphyraenidae
Geography/ Habitat: The Great Barracuda lives in nearly all warm seas. They like tropical regions such
as Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. They live around coral reefs and they avoid brackish water unless
ready to spawn. They prefer water temperature between 74F and 82F, but they have been in found in
much colder water.
Life Strategy: It is not clear on the reproduction of the Great Barracuda, but they like to reproduce in
colder weather. They usually reproduce in estuaries and when they reproduce they leave their larvae, and
at about 500mm the young will move out of the estuarie and move into open water.
Food/ Feed Strategy: The fish are very aggressive fish and will eat other fish. When the Great Barracuda
is young they feed on small things like silversides, small mullets, etc. When they get older they will eat
mackerel, or even dolphin depending on their habitat. They use a sit-and-wait strategy, and their shape
and color reduces their visibility to prey.
● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
● Swim/ Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: terminal
Citation: Fuller, B. 2000. "Sphyraena barracuda" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
November 13, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sphyraena_barracuda.html.
Title: Saltwater Species#: 2
Common Name: Peacock Flounder
Scientific Name: Bothus lunatus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Pleuronectiformes
Family: Bothidae
Geography/ Habitat: The Peacock Flounder lives in tropical and subtropical regions. They can be found
off the coast of Florida, Bermuda, and down the coast of South America to Brazil. They live in clear
waters and they live on sand and rock bottoms. They can be found at depths as great as 80m.
Life Strategy: A male Peacock Flounder can reproduce with 6 different females during one mating
season. They usually mate during the change in warm and cold water, and they also usually mate just
before dusk. When mating the two fish begin to rise in the water, and after the rise a cloud of sperm and
egg is released. This rise in the water takes about 15 seconds. After mating the male checks and makes
sure mating was successful, and then the two fish swim away from each other in opposite directions.
Food/ Feed Strategy: The adult flounders are restricted to feeding on other benthic organisms. They
usually eat marine invertebrates, and they are very active eaters. They have a unique feeding behavior to
stun their prey.
● Body Form or Style: Depressiform
● Swim/ Locomotion Style: Anguilliform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Otterbein, K. 2011. "Bothus lunatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November
13, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bothus_lunatus.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 3
Common Name: Porbeagle
Scientific Name: Lamna nasus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes
Family: Lamnidae
Geography/ Habitat: Porbeagles live in the Northern Hemisphere of the Atlantic Ocean (from South
Carolina to the southern edge of Svalbard, Norway. The Porbeagle is primarily found in cold waters and is
commonly swimming alone. This fish remains off shore during winter and comes a little inshore during the
summer. The average deep is about 715m, and the average temperature is about 1C to 18C.
Life Strategy: Porbeagles mate from September to November. There are two mating grounds for the
western North Atlantic. It is found of the coast of Newfoundland and in Georges Bank in the Gulf of
Maine. While mating Porbeagles bite their mate’s pectoral fins and flanks in order to remain stable.
Porbeagles only breed once a year.
Food/ Feed Strategy: Porbeagles feed on a variety of pelagic fish including lancetfish, herring, sardines,
etc. They also may feed on other sharks, and sea snails and sea urchins, which says they are near the
bottom.
● Body Form or Style: Fusiform
● Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
● Mouth Position: terminal
Citation: Edmunds, J. and R. Meredith. 2011. "Lamna nasus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 13, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lamna_nasus.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 4
Common Name: Atlantic Blue Marlin
Scientific Name: Makaira nigricans
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Istiophoridae
Geography/ Habitat: The Blue Marlin lives in tropical warm areas in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian
Oceans. The marlin stays far from land except where the continental shelf is narrow. It prefers blue water
like the northern gulf of Mexico, and it is found in water temperatures of 22-31C
Life Strategy: In the North Atlantic the spawning season extends form July through October, and in the
southern Atlantic is when the sea surface is at 28C. In the Pacific is from December to January. The
males can spawn all year round and the females can only spawn four times in one season. For males
sexual maturity is reached at 2-4 years, and females reach sexual maturity at 120kg or below. The eggs
of a blue marlin are spherical, transparent, white to yellow in color, and around 1mm in diameter.
Food/ Feed Strategy: The blue marlin feeds vary aggressively. When it comes up on a school of fish or
invertebrates it comes at full speed and slashes through with its bill and then returns to devour the
stunned or dead prey.
● Body Form or Style: Fusiform
● Swim/ Locomotion Style: Thunniform
● Mouth Position: terminal
Citation: Tung, L. 2003. "Makaira nigricans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 13,
2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Makaira_nigricans.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 5
Common Name: crocodile shark
Scientific Name: Pseudocarcharies kamoharai
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondricthyes Order: Lamniformes
Family: Pseudocarcharildae
Geography/ Habitat: The crocodile shark can be found in subtropical and tropical oceans of the
world. They like the open water but have been found inshore, but the average deep is about
590m.
Life Strategy: The sharks reproduce through internal fertilization. The female shark holds on to
the pups until they are hatched. The female can have up to four pups at a time. When the pups
are born they are miniature adults capable of swimming and feeding.
Food/ Feed Strategy: The crocodile shark has a very strong jaw and is able to eat a wide
variety of prey. They usually eat small bony fish, squids, and shrimp.
● Body Form or Style: Fusiform
● Swim/ Locomotion Style: Thunniform
● Mouth Position: terminal
Citation: Sharma, N. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Pseudocarcharias kamoharai" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed November 13, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudocarcharias_kamoharai.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 6
Common Name: picasso fish
Scientific Name: Rhinecanthus aculeatus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Tetraodontiformes
Family: Balistidae
Geography/Habitat: The Picasso Fish lives in the Indo-Pacific region, and they are found in shallow
outer reef habitats. They are mainly found in water that has a salinity levels ranging from 1.020 to 1.023,
and in water that has a temperatures from seventy-seven to eighty degrees F.
Life Strategy: The Picasso Fish undergoes heterosexual reproduction, and the eggs are externally
fertilized by the male. The female has nets that she holds the baby’s until fertilized and cared for until they
hatch.
Food/Feed Strategy: The Picasso Fish swims towards the bottom and feeds of the bottom. It’s diet
consists of mainly reef invertebrates and algae.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Schaffer, K. 2000. "Rhinecanthus aculeatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 21, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Rhinecanthus_aculeatus.html
.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 7
Common Name: whitetip reef shark
Scientific Name: Triaenodon obesus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichtyes Order: Carcharhinformes
Family: Carcharhinidae
Geography/Habitat: The whitetip reef shark is found in both the Indian and Pacific oceans. The whitetip
is found in reefs and it is a nocturnal animal so it spends most of its time in caves, in the day, and at night
it roams around the reef. It is commonly found at depths of 8 and 40 meters.
Life Strategy: The whitetips have been known to travel in schools of nearly hundred to find a female
ready to mate. When mating the male bits the pectoral fin of the female and this is done so they can stay
in a vertical position. The female can give birth to 2 to 3 live sharks that are about 60 cm each.
Food/Feed Strategy: The whitetips feed very aggressive because they are in caves all day long. They
feed mainly on the bottom and they stick their head into cracks in the reef and wait for a fish. They mainly
eat boney fish, but their mouth if very good for picking up crab, lobster, and octopi off the bottom.
● Body Form or Style: Fusiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Thunniform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Biology of Fishes, A. Feldkamp and W. Fink. 2005. "Triaenodon obesus" (On-line), Animal
Diversity Web. Accessed November 21, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Triaenodon_obesus.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 8
Common Name: french angelfish
Scientific Name: Pomacanthus angelfish
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacanthidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in coral reefs, and are found in the Western Tropical Atlantic ranges
from Florida and the Bahamas to Brazil.
Life Strategy: They reproduce at age of 3.4 years or older, and they reproduce by an egg-scattering
process. When the egg and sperm meat they develop in beds of floating plankton.
Food/Feed Strategy: They are mainly omnivorous, and they eat algae, detritus, and occasional parasites
from other fish.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Kilarski, S. 2000. "Pomacanthus paru" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November
21, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomacanthus_paru.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 9
Common Name: sailfin tang
Scientific Name: Zebrasoma veliferum
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Acanthuridae
Geography/Habitat: The sailfin tang is found in the Pacific Ocean. They are found in lagoons and
seaward reefs at 30 m or more.
Life Strategy: They reproduce in winter or early spring. Spawning usually occurs at dusk on the lunar
cycle. The fish become sexually mature between one and two years old. The eggs are pelagic and hatch
after one day.
Food/Feed Strategy: This fish is a diurnal herbivore and feeds on benthic algae
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Cater, K. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Zebrasoma veliferum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 22, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Zebrasoma_veliferum.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 10
Common Name: blackback anemonefish
Scientific Name: Amphiprion frenatus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacentridae
Geography/Habitat: The blackback anemonefish are found in the Western Pacific. They inhabit lagoon
reefs with embayments.
Life Strategy: A pair of blackbacks will mate for life, but if one partner leaves then they will find another
one to replace to other one.
Food/Feed Strategy: The blackbacks will eat algae, zooplankton, and small aquatic crustaceans. The
blackback will bring food to the anemone and will eat, but when the fish drops crumbs the anemone will
eat them. In reward for the crumbs the anemone protects the fish against predators.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Leutheuser, K. and W. Fink. 2004. "Amphiprion frenatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 22, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Amphiprion_frenatus.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 11
Common Name: clown anemonefish
Scientific Name: Amphiprion ocellaris
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacentridae
Geography/Habitat: The clown fish is found in the tropical parts of Asia and Australia. It inhabits coral
reefs, and is found at depths of 15 meters. It is mainly found close to anemones.
Life Strategy: During spawning the males will prepare the anemone, and then he will attract the female
by extending fins, biting, and chasing. The males are very aggressive during spawning.
Food/Feed Strategy: The clown fish is classified as an omnivore. They usually eat zooplankton,
copepods, and algae.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Newcomb, D. and W. Fink. 2004. "Amphiprion ocellaris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 23, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Amphiprion_ocellaris.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 12
Common Name: atlantic bluefin tuna
Scientific Name: Thunnus thynnus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Scombridae
Geography/Habitat: The bluefin tuna are found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the subtropical and
temperate waters. They are found in both coastal and pelagic waters, and are found from the surface
down the depths of 1000 meters.
Life Strategy: The bluefin tuna reproduces by broadcast spawning. The females can lay up to 10 million
eggs each spawning period.
Food/Feed Strategy: When they eat they form feeding aggregations, and they use their ability to swim
very fast to catch their prey. They will eat almost any small fish and they will also eat kelp.
● Body Form or Style: Fusiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Thunniform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Johnson, M. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Thunnus thynnus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 23, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thunnus_thynnus.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 13
Common Name: skipjack tuna
Scientific Name: Katsuwonus pelamis
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Scombridae
Geography/Habitat: Skipjacks are found in waters all over the world, but have never been caught in the
North Sea and the Black Sea. They are found in waters above 15 degrees C. They are an epipelagic fish,
and have been rarely found at depths greater than 260 m.
Life Strategy: The skipjacks spawn all year long, and the females can have anywhere from 80000 eggs
to 1.5 million eggs.
Food/Feed Strategy: The skipjack has a wide variety of food. They feed from early morning and again in
the late afternoon.
● Body Form or Style: Fusiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Thunniform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Ivan, L. 2000. "Katsuwonus pelamis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23,
2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Katsuwonus_pelamis.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 14
Common Name: albacore
Scientific Name: Thunnus alalunga
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Scombridae
Geography/Habitat: The albacores are found in the subtropical regions of the North Pacific Ocean.
Albacores inhabit depths of 0 to 600 m. They also are found in water temperatures at 10 to 25 degrees C.
Life Strategy: The albacores are polygynandrous which means that when they spawn they spawn in
groups releasing egg and sperm into the water.
Food/Feed Strategy: The albacore’s diet depends on where he is. It usually eats small crustaceans
towards the bottom of the sea floor.
● Body Form or Style: Fusiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Thunniform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Hwang, M. and K. Wehrly. 2005. "Thunnus alalunga" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
November 23, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thunnus_alalunga.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 15
Common Name: fangtooth
Scientific Name: Anoplogaster cornuta
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Beryciformes
Family: Anoplogasteridae
Geography/Habitat: This fish is found worldwide, and is found at depths from 2 to 4992 m.
Life Strategy: When it spawns it latches its jaws onto their mate’s body. When they are 13 cm in length
they reach reproductive maturity.
Food/Feed Strategy: They are carnivorous and primarily feed on fish and shrimp.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Malhotra, R. 2011. "Anoplogaster cornuta" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
November 23, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Anoplogaster_cornuta.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 16
Common Name: California sheephead
Scientific Name: Semicossyphus pulcher
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Labridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and in the Gulf of Mexico. They inhabit
rocky shoreline reefs, and are found at depths of 6 to 30 m.
Life Strategy: They are polygamous which means they have dominant males maintaining a harem of the
females.
Food/Feed Strategy: They eat benthic invertebrates.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Doan, T., L. Graves, S. Graves, I. Perez and M. Pineda. 2011. "Semicossyphus pulcher" (On-
line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 23, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Semicossyphus_pulcher.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 17
Common Name: chinook salmon
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Pacific. When they are born they are born in freshwater and
then migrate to the ocean. They prefer the water temperature under 14 C for maximum survival.
Life Strategy: When they spawn they return to their natal streams at approximately the same time of
year. They can reach sexual maturity from 2-7 years.
Food/Feed Strategy: They feed on large zooplakton, herring, pilchard, sandlance and other fishes. While
in freshwater they eat smalls animals.
● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Scott, C. 2003. "Oncorhynchus tshawytscha" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
November 23, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_tshawytscha.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 18
Common Name: leather bass
Scientific Name: Dermatolepis dermatolepis
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found mostly in the Eastern Central Pacific and the Southeast Pacific.
They inhabit reef areas with a depth between 4 to 40 m.
Life Strategy: They reproduce in groups and when they find a mate they rush to the surface and release
a cloud of egg and sperm.
Food/Feed Strategy: They feed on small benthic fish and they hover above the rocky reefs during the
day in search for food.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Johansson, K. and W. Fink. 2004. "Dermatolepis dermatolepis" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed November 23, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dermatolepis_dermatolepis.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 19
Common Name: spiny puffer
Scientific Name: Diodon holocanthus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Tetraodontiformes
Family: Diodontidae
Geography/Habitat: This fish is found throughout the world. They are found in shallow areas that are
grassy flats, coral reefs, or mangrove areas.
Life Strategy: When the puffer fish is spawning the male pushes the female to the top of the water, and
the egg floats in the water until it is 10 days old. Then it is in a shell for 3 weeks and then it hatches.
Food/Feed Strategy: They have teeth on their both upper and lower jaws. It is great for cracking th
eshells of snails, sea urchins, and hermit crabs.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November
23, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 20
Common Name: common dolphinfish
Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Coryphaenidae
Geography/Habitat: It is found in the tropical and subtropical areas of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian
Oceans. They are commonly found near floating objects.
Life Strategy: The male and female are sexually mature at age one. They spawn two to three times per
year and can produce up to 80,000 and 1,000,000 eggs per event.
Food/Feed Strategy: They feed on teleosts, cephalopods, and crustaceans.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Bostwick, J. 2000. "Coryphaena hippurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
November 23, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Coryphaena_hippurus.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 21
Common Name: Atlantic salmon
Scientific Name: Salmo salar
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: Mainly found in the North Atlantic Ocean. They live in freshwater for 2-3 years and
then migrate to the ocean. They prefer temperatures of 4-12 C.
Life Strategy: During the spawning season the males undergo conspicuous changes in head shape. The
female deposits 700-800 eggs perpound of her somewhat adhesive for a short time.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat larvae of aquatic insects such as blackflies, stoneflies, caddisflies,
and chironomids.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Renzi, V. 1999. "Salmo salar" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 24, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salmo_salar.html.
Title: Salterwater Species #: 22
Common Name: sockeye salmon
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus nerka
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: Found to the western coast of North America in the Pacific Ocean. They are born in
freshwater and then migrate to the ocean to spend the rest of it’s life.
Life Strategy: They mate seasonally. The larger males reproduce more because sockeye salmon are
polygynous.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Kennedy, S. 2011. "Oncorhynchus nerka" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
November 24, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_nerka.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 23
Common Name: rainbow trout
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the Pacific Coast of North America. They can be found in
freshwater, brackish, or marine waters of temperate zones. They prefer cold water around 12 C.
Life Strategy: Female find suitable nest sites, and the males guards the nest.
Food/Feed Strategy: They are insetivorous and piscivorous. They mainly feed on invertebrate larvae
drifting in mid-water.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Ridolfi, K. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Oncorhynchus mykiss" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 24, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oncorhynchus_mykiss.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 24
Common Name: brook trout
Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Geography/Habitat: They can be found as far south as Georgia in the Appalachian and in marine areas.
They prefer temperatures that remain below 18.8 C.
Life Strategy: Most of the time only a single male is able to fertilize the eggs that the female lays, but
sometimes more then one male can fertilize the eggs.
Food/Feed Strategy: Mainly when they are young they mainly ate aquatic insects, but when they age
they mainly eat caddisflies, mayflies, midges, and black flies.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangfirom
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Roberts, J. 2000. "Salvelinus fontinalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November
24, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Salvelinus_fontinalis.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 25
Common Name: striped sea-bass
Scientific Name: Morone saxatilis
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Moronidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. They are found in
large, deep bodies of water. They prefer temperatures limit of 9 C.
Life Strategy: They reproduce in groups of about 7-8 males surround a single larger female. They push
the female to the top of the water and this causes splashing on the surface of the water. When the female
releases her eggs into the water then males release their sperm.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, insect larvae, small crustaceans, mayflies, and larval
fish.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangifrom
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Wittenberg, J. 2011. "Morone saxatilis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November
24, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Morone_saxatilis.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 26
Common Name: channel catfish
Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae
Geography/Habitat: It is found in the Neartic in lower Canada and throughout the midwest of the United
States. It inhabits lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. They prefer muddy surfaces at the bottom and clear
water.
Life Strategy: The male and female mate in the summer time, but they meat much earlier. They mate by
the male swimming past the female in the opposite direction, and the female releases her eggs into a
nest made by the female or both, and then she gaurds them until they hatch.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat snails, yellow perch, algae, snakes, frogs, insects, aquatic plants,
and even birds.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Schoonover, D. and W. Fink. 2004. "Ictalurus punctatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 27, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ictalurus_punctatus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 27
Common Name: North African catfish
Scientific Name: Clarias gariepinus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Clariidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and in parts of Asia. They are
found in lakes, ponds, and pools. They have adaptive to harsh environmental conditions. They can live in
water that has a pH of 6.5-8.0. They are found in temperatures of 28-30 degrees C.
Life Strategy: They breed in the summer after the rainy season. They migrate to grassy verges of rivers
and lakes, and the lay their eggs in vegetation.
Food/Feed Strategy: They are omnivores. They usually feed off of insects, plankton, snails, crabs,
shrimp, and other invertebrates.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Gunder, H. and W. Fink. 2004. "Clarias gariepinus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
November 27, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Clarias_gariepinus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 28
Common Name: electric catfish
Scientific Name: Malapterurus electricus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Silurifomres
Family: Malapteruridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout western and central tropical Africa. They are generally
found among rocks or roots in waters with low visibility.
Life Strategy: Nothing much is known about the reproduction with electric catfish, but they mate in holes
that are 3 meters in length and 1 to 3 meters deep.
Food/Feed Strategy: They hunt and stun their prey with its paralyzing electrical organ discharge. They
can consume prey up to half of their size, and will eat about anything that lives in its habitat.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Ng, H. 2000. "Malapterurus electricus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November
27, 2011 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Malapterurus_electricus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 29
Common Name: sheatfish
Scientific Name: Silurus glanis
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Siluridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in eastern Europe and Asia. They are found in large rivers and lakes
in deep water. They are sometimes found in the Black Sea and Baltic Sea.
Life Strategy: There is not much known about the reproduction on sheatfish. Males create nest where
females lay the eggs, and then males guard them until they hatch.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on plankton, worms, snails, crustaceans, aquatic insects, and
small fish.
● Body Form or Style: Anguilliform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: SLONE, C. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Silurus glanis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
November 27, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Silurus_glanis.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 30
Common Name: green sunfish
Scientific Name: Lepomis cyanellus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in central North America. They prefer small sluggish streams and
ponds.
Life Strategy: They build nests around sunny areas with a gravel substrate. The males aggressively
defended the nest. Then when the nest is ready they spawn. They spawn by swimming in circles above
the nest. The males can spawn with several females simultaneously.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat insects and small snails. As adults they eat small crayfish, fish
eggs, insects, and small fish.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Clemons, E. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Lepomis cyanellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 27, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_cyanellus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 31
Common Name: bigmouth bass
Scientific Name: Micropterus salmoides
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in North America, Canada, Mexico, and from the Atlantic coast.
They prefer quiet clear waters with abundant vegetation.
Life Strategy: The male builds a nest in shallow water, and then the female swims near it a lays her eggs
in the nest.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat insects, crayfish, and other fish species.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Curtis, R. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Micropterus salmoides" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 27, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Micropterus_salmoides.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 32
Common Name: smallmouth bass
Scientific Name: Micropterus dolomieu
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Great Lakes, Quebec, St. Lawrence, New Hampshire to North
Dakota, and the Mississippi River. They prefer the northern range and are found in cooler rivers and lakes
with rocky or sandy bottoms.
Life Strategy: The male will guard the nest, and several females may spawn in the same nest.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat crayfish, amphibians, insects, and other fish.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Whitlock, J. and W. Fink. 2004. "Micropterus dolomieu" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed November 27, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Micropterus_dolomieu.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 33
Common Name: redear sunfish
Scientific Name: Lepomis microlophus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in central and southern United States. They prefer warm and calm
waters. They are found in ponds, lakes, river backwaters, and reservoirs.
Life Strategy: Male redear sunfish make a popping nose during mating season. They do this to get the
attention of a female. Then the males make nest from sand, and they are found usually near plants. After
the female lays her eggs the male will not leave until they have hatched.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat insects and small snails
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Barbee, J. 2011. "Lepomis microlophus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November
27, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_microlophus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 34
Common Name: central stoneroller
Scientific Name: Campostoma anomalum
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in New York and through the Great Lakes. They are found in cool,
clear, small streams with a fast current.
Life Strategy: Males begin making multiple nests. The females are usually jumping out of the water (in
the air) before spawning. Females will lay their eggs in the nest, and then they will leave. No male or
female will guard the eggs.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat diatoms and filamentous algae. They also eat detritus, inorganic
material, and blue-green algae.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Gagnon, C. 2011. "Campostoma anomalum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
November 27, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Campostoma_anomalum.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 35
Common Name: brook stickleback
Scientific Name: Culaea inconstans
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Gasterosteiformes
Family: Gasterosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found in the Arctic and Atlantic drainages from Nova Scotia to the
northern territories of Canada. They inhabit shallow edges of cool clear lakes and ponds.
Life Strategy: Males build the nest and the female comes and lays her eggs, and the males defend the
nest until the babies are born.
Food/Feed Strategy: They are carnivorous feeders on aquatic invertebrates.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: 2011. "Culaea inconstans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed November 27, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Culaea_inconstans.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 36
Common Name: Macquarie perch
Scientific Name: Macquaria australasica
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Percichthyidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Australia. They live in rivers and deep streams and rocky pools.
They favor cool water with slow-moving riffles.
Life Strategy: They migrate upstream in schools. The males nudge the females vent region which
causes the release of eggs. The females mate each year.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat aquatic invertebrates.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Kosakowski, L. and K. Wehrly. 2006. "Macquaria australasica" (On-line), Animal
Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Macquaria_australasica.html.
Title: Saltwater Species #: 37
Common Name: fathead minnow
Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found from Quebec to Alberta and Northwest Territories, Canada. They
are also found in small rivers and ponds. They are mainly found in muddy pools.
Life Strategy: They spawn between the months of May and September. They produce anywhere from
1000 to 10000 offspring per season.
Food/Feed Strategy: They are benthic filter feeders sifting through the mud and silit in order to find
food. They usually eat diatoms, filamentous algae, small crustaceans, and insect larvae.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Sommer, A. 2011. "Pimephales promelas" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 05, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pimephales_promelas.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 38
Common Name: longnose gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout the eastern United States. They live in sluggish areas of
larger rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries.
Life Strategy: During the mating process 15 males can approach the female. Rapid and violent quivering
makes the sperm and eggs to be released.
Food/Feed Strategy: Gars are active night feeders feeding on insects and fish.
● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Rudy, B. 2003. "Lepisosteus osseus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 05, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_osseus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 39
Common Name: spotted gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus oculatus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout Lake Michigan and Lake Erie drainages. They live in
open waters usually 3-5 meters deep. They are found around fallen logs, trees, or brush.
Life Strategy: Multiple males gather in shallow water near vegetation. Female allow more than one male
to fertilize their eggs.
Food/Feed Strategy: This species of gar is a ambush predator. It feeds on mainly aquatic crustaceans.
● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Hall, L., T. Meade, D. Paulette, J. Albert, K. Francl and S. Givinsky. 1999.
"Lepisosteus oculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 05, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_oculatus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 40
Common Name: Florida gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Florida. They live in large lowland streams, canals, and lakes with
muddy or sandy bottoms.
Life Strategy: Females will lay her eggs on vegetation and the males will follow and fertilize them.
Food/Feed Strategy: Florida gars use ram feeding, which is lunging or chasing to kill their prey at high
speeds. They mainly eat fish and shrimp and crayfish.
● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Lackey, S. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Lepisosteus platyrhincus" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed December 05, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_platyrhincus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 41
Common Name: shortnose gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platostomus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Mississippi River, central Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin to
Montana, and Alabama from Louisiana. They live in lakes, swamps, and clam pools. They found near
vegetation and submerged logs.
Life Strategy: They spawn in early to mid April until the end of May. They spawn in shallow water with
grass and aquatic weeds.
Food/Feed Strategy: They feed mainly in the day. They catch their prey by ambush.
● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Bradburn, M. 2003. "Lepisosteus platostomus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 05, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepisosteus_platostomus.ht
ml.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 42
Common Name: alligator gar
Scientific Name: Atractosteus spatula
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Ohio River and the Mississippi River south to the Gulf of
Mexico. They live in large lakes, rivers, and bayous.
Life Strategy: Female gars lay their eggs on rocks or vegetation. Much isn’t known about the
reproduction of this species.
Food/Feed Strategy: They are carnivores and they sit-and-wait for their prey. They lung at them with
short bursts of speed. They will eat fish, ducks, turtles, small mammals, and carrion.
● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Roberts, D. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Atractosteus spatula" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed December 05, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Atractosteus_spatula.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 43
Common Name: white bass
Scientific Name: Morone chrysops
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Moronidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in many parts of North America. They live in large bodies of water.
Life Strategy: They migrate upstream to spawn. The female releases her eggs and then the male is
close behind to fertilize them.
Food/Feed Strategy: They eat mainly minnows, johnny darters, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, young
sunfish, and yellow perch.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Morgan, T. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Morone chrysops" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 05, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Morone_chrysops.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 44
Common Name: Rock bass
Scientific Name: Ambloplites rupestris
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi Valley. They live in
large lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. In the winter you can find rock bass under ice, yet they can stand 88
degrees F in the summer.
Life Strategy: They spawn in early summer. The male makes the nest and the female comes and lays
her eggs. She can lay up to 2000 to 10,000 eggs, and they can hatch in one to three weeks.
Food/Feed Strategy: They feed mainly on aquatic plants. They can also eat crayfish, minnows, tadpoles,
worms, and insects.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Rolf, C. 2000. "Ambloplites rupestris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 05, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ambloplites_rupestris.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 45
Common Name: brown bullhead
Scientific Name: Ameiurus nebulosus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae
Geography/Habitat: They found in Canada and the United States. They live in pools and slow-moving
creeks and rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and lakes.
Life Strategy: They make a nest and then a series of bumping and nibbling happens. Then they face
away from each other during gamete release.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on insects, small fish, fish eggs, mollusks, plants, leeches,
worms, and crayfish.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Guth, R. 2011. "Ameiurus nebulosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 05, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ameiurus_nebulosus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 46
Common Name: bluegill
Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They found in the Great Lakes and Mississippi River systems. They live in slow
moving lakes and rocky streams.
Life Strategy: Males make the nest with about 20 to 50 other males in shallow water. The male grunts to
attract the female, and then they touch bellies. Then they release the eggs and the sperm.
Food/Feed Strategy: They eat very small animals because of their small mouths. They usually eat
snails, worms, shrimp, aquatic insects, small crayfish, and zooplankton.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Parr, C. 2002. "Lepomis macrochirus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 06, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepomis_macrochirus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 47
Common Name: yellow bullhead
Scientific Name: Ameiurus natalis
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout the eastern United States. They live in the backwaters
with slow current in rivers and streams.
Life Strategy: The males dig nests in the mud near rocks and stumps and vegetation to protect the nest.
This attract the female for mating.
Food/Feed Strategy: They feed at night like all other catfish. They feed on minnows, crayfish, insects,
aquatic invertebrates, and worms.
● Body Form or Style: Compressifrom
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Jenkins, G. and S. Harrel. 2006. "Ameiurus natalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 06, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ameiurus_natalis.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 48
Common Name: goldfish
Scientific Name: Carassius auratus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Geography/Habitat: They originated in China, but now they are found all over the world in aquariums,
ornamental pools, and into the wild. They prefer slow-moving freshwater bodies of waters.
Life Strategy: They mate during the summer, but if in an aquarium they can spawn all year. The female
can produce thousands of eggs.
Food/Feed Strategy: They eat plants, insects, small crustaceans, zooplankton, and detritus.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Street, R. 2002. "Carassius auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 06, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Carassius_auratus.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 49
Common Name: cardinal tetra
Scientific Name: Paracheirodon axelrodi
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Characiformes
Family: Characidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. They live in slow moving water.
Life Strategy: The females release their eggs during the rainy season. They mate during the twilight
dring the rainy season.
Food/Feed Strategy: They eat very small crustaceans, mesofauna, eggs, algae, detritus, and some
other types of prey.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Fintushel, S. and W. Fink. 2004. "Paracheirodon axelrodi" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed December 06, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paracheirodon_axelrodi.html.
Title: Freshwater Species #: 50
Common Name: black crappie
Scientific Name: Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Centrarchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in central and eastern North America. They live in clear, warm,
highly vegetated lakes and rivers.
Life Strategy: They migrate to shallow water and the male sweeps out a nest to attract a female.
Females can spawn with several males and can produce up to 10,000-200,000 eggs per mating season.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on vegetation, aquatic insects, minnows, and fingerlings.
● Body Form or Style: Compressiform
● Swim/Locomotion Style: Carangiform
● Mouth Position: Terminal
Citation: Adams, R. 2000. "Pomoxis nigromaculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 06, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pomoxis_nigromaculatus.htm
l.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 51
Common Name: thimble jellyfish
Scientific Name: Linuche unguiculata
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa Order: Coronatae
Family: Linuchidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the western Atlantic Ocean. They live in shallow, warm, marine
waters.
Life Strategy: In March and April sometimes over 1,000,000 group together and mate.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat plankton, copepods, and barnacle larvae.
Citation: DuBay, M. 2011. "Linuche unguiculata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 10, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Linuche_unguiculata.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 52
Common Name: purplestriped jelly
Scientific Name: Pelagia noctiluca
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Pelagiidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean. They live in the open
ocean.
Life Strategy: They fertilize the eggs external, and the release the sperm and the eggs by the mouth.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, small fish, crustaceans, and other jellyfish.
Citation: Leverenz, E. 2000. "Pelagia noctiluca" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 10, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pelagia_noctiluca.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 53
Common Name: sea nettle
Scientific Name: Chrysaora quinquecirrha
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Pelagildae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. They live in the open water
with low salinity.
Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually and asexually. They release the eggs and sperm through the
mouth.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, ctenophores, and other jellyfish.
Citation: Lanier, N. and A. Weber. 2011. "Chrysaora quinquecirrha" (On-line), Animal Diversity
Web. Accessed December 11, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Chrysaora_quinquecirrha.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 54
Common Name: Lion’s mane jellyfish
Scientific Name: Cyanea capillata
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Cyaneidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the cooler regions of the Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, and the
Baltic Sea.
Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually and they fertilize sexually through the mouth.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat fish.
Citation: Naylor, B. 2000. "Cyanea capillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cyanea_capillata.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 55
Common Name: eared stalked jellyfish
Scientific Name: Haliclystus auricula
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa Order: Stauromedusae
Family: Eleutherocarpidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the northern Pacific. They live in the cool coastal waters of the
north Pacific.
Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually by releasing the egg ans sperm into the water.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat small prey including: Bivalves, snails brittle stars, and crustaceans.
Citation: Naik, S. 2000. "Haliclystus auricula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Haliclystus_auricula.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 56
Common Name: moon jelly
Scientific Name: Aurelia aurita
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa Order: Semaeostomeae
Family: Ulmaridae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in warm tropical waters in all marine waters.
Life Strategy: They spawn in the spring and summer. The eggs develop in gonads located in pockets on
the jellyfish.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat plankton.
Citation: Rodriguez, R. 1999. "Aurelia aurita" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Aurelia_aurita.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #:57
Common Name: purple-spined sea urchin
Scientific Name: Arbacia punctulata
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea Order: Arbacioida
Family: arbaciidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in Cape Cod to the West Indies. They on mainly found on rocks and
shells in deep salt water.
Life Strategy: The females can release several million at a time. These eggs settle and the sperm is
released.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algae and other organisms that grow on the rocks around them.
Citation: Braccini, S. 2001. "Arbacia punctulata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Arbacia_punctulata.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #:58
Common Name: long-spined sea urchin
Scientific Name: Diadema antillarum
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea Order: Diadematoida
Family: Diadematidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in shallow waters in the Atlantic Ocean around coral reefs.
Life Strategy: The egg and sperm are released during each lunar month.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algal turf of coral reefs.
Citation: Puckett, E. 2002. "Diadema antillarum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diadema_antillarum.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #:59
Common Name: common sand dollar
Scientific Name: Echinarachnius parma
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echioidea Order: Clypeasteroida
Family: Echinarachrilldae
Geography/Habitat: They are found on the North American east coast. They live in intertidal zones.
Life Strategy: The gametes are released in the water column and they join the plankton.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algae and fragments of organic material found in the substrate.
Citation: Ables, J. 2000. "Echinarachnius parma" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Echinarachnius_parma.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 60
Common Name: (alaskan) king crab
Scientific Name: Paralithodes camtschatica
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda
Family: Lithodidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found throughout the northern Pacific Ocean. They live at depths more
than 200m.
Life Strategy: Females attract the males after they have released their eggs, and then the male clasps
on to the female until the female molts, and produce new eggs.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat fish parts.
Citation: Kluce, M. 2004. "Paralithodes camtschatica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paralithodes_camtschatica.ht
ml.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 61
Common Name: green crab
Scientific Name: Carcinus maenas
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda
Family: Portunidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlantic Ocean and off the coast of Europe. They live in tidal
marshes, sandflats, and coasts with a rocky terrain.
Life Strategy: They lay her eggs and the female carries them in a pouch.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat clams, oysters, mussels, and other small cabs.
Citation: Tutt, C. 2000. "Carcinus maenas" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Carcinus_maenas.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 62
Common Name: Florida stone crab
Scientific Name: Menippe mercenaria
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda
Family: Xanthidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlanic coast of North Carolina to the Gulf of Mexico. They live
in seagrass beds.
Life Strategy: They reproduce during the spring and fall. The female carries her eggs in a sac and
carries over 160,000 to 1,000,000.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton.
Citation: Brinkman, M. 2002. "Menippe mercenaria" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Menippe_mercenaria.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 63
Common Name: yellowline arrow crab
Scientific Name: Stenorhynchus seticornis
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda
Family: Majidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in the Atlantic Ocean, and live on coral reefs.
Life Strategy: The male deposits a sperm packet into the female crab to fertilize the babies.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly feed on small feather duster worms.
Citation: Block, M. 2001. "Stenorhynchus seticornis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Stenorhynchus_seticornis.ht
ml.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 64
Common Name: giant Japanese spider crab
Scientific Name: Macrocheira kaempferi
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malaconstraca Order: Decapoda
Family: Majidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the Pacific side of the Japanese islands. They live on
sandy and rocky bottoms.
Life Strategy: They mate during early spring. The male inserts the sperm into the female to fertilize the
eggs. The female can lay up to 1.5 million eggs per season.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat dead decaying matter along the sea bed.
Citation: Riebel, W. 2011. "Macrocheira kaempferi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Macrocheira_kaempferi.html.
Title: Saltwater (invertebrates) Species #: 65
Common Name: Chinese mitten crab
Scientific Name: Eriocheir sinensis
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda
Family: Grapsidae
Geography/Habitat: They are mainly found on the coasts from Japan to the mainland of China. They live
in brackish water.
Life Strategy: When they mate both sexes die and the progeny are left to fend for themselves.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat plants and animals.
Citation: Solovyeva, A., K. Bailey and D. Howe. 2008. "Eriocheir sinensis" (On-line), Animal
Diversity Web. Accessed December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Eriocheir_sinensis.html.
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates) Species #: 66
Common Name: freshwater jellyfish
Scientific Name: Craspedacusta sowerbyi
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Hydrozoa Order: Hydroida
Family: Olindiidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found on all continents. They live in lakes, reservoirs, man-made, etc.
Life Strategy: They reproduce asexually in the polp form. They release the eggs and sperm through the
mouth.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton.
Citation: Erwin, A. 2000. "Craspedacusta sowerbyi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Craspedacusta_sowerbyi.html.
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates) Species #: 67
Common Name: black spot flatworm
Scientific Name: Uvulifer ambloplitis
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda Order: Strigeatida
Family: Diplostomatidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in nearctic and neotropical areas. They live anywhere it can find.
Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually and asexually.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat anything that is obtained directly from its host.
Citation: Hickner, M. 2011. "Uvulifer ambloplitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Uvulifer_ambloplitis.html.
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates) Species #: 68
Common Name: eastern grass shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemonetes paludosus
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda
Family: Palaemonidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in freshwater ponds, lakes, and streams.
Life Strategy: They reproduce sexually. Much isn’t known after that.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat algae.
Citation: Baranowski, C. 2011. "Palaemonetes paludosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web.
Accessed December 11, 2011 at
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Palaemonetes_paludosus.html
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates) Species #: 69
Common Name: daggerblade grass shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemonetes pugio
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda
Family: Palaemonidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found on the eastern shore of the United States. They live in freshwater
and saltwater.
Life Strategy: They mate when the water warms up. The female develops a sac to hold the eggs until
they hatch.
Food/Feed Strategy: They mainly eat zooplankton, algae, and detritus.
Citation: Geraci, L. 2001. "Palaemonetes pugio" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Palaemonetes_pugio.html.
Title: Freshwater (invertebrates) Species #: 70
Common Name: Asian clam
Scientific Name: Corbicula fluminea
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida
Family: Corbiculidae
Geography/Habitat: They are found in lakes and streams in Asia, North and South America, and Europe.
Life Strategy: They release larval in late summer. The clam is believed to be self-fertilization.
Food/Feed Strategy: They are filter feeders mainly eating plankton.
Citation: Naumann, R. 1999. "Corbicula fluminea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed
December 11, 2011
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Corbicula_fluminea.html.
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