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Land Administration System (LAS) for
Sustainable Spatial Development
Assoc. Prof. Anka LISEC, PhD.
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering Department of Geodesy,
Chair of Geoinformatics and Real Estate Cadastres Jamova cesta 2, Ljubljana
SLOVENIA E-address: [email protected]
University of Ljubljana
Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
Sustainable development - meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. SUSTAINABLE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT?
Land can be defined as physical thing that encompasses the surface of the Earth and all things attached to it both above and below; together with surface water land present the surface of the whole Earth.
Western definition: “land is the surface of the
Earth, the materials beneath it, the air above and all things fixed to the soil”
(Dale and McLaughlin 1988)
Land can be defined also as an abstract thing that is manifest as a set of rights to its use.
“Land” – tangable asset;
“Rights” – intangable asset;
Example: Land can be traded even though the physical object can not be moved!
Land related rights....
Limitation to land use...
Institution are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction.
The role of formal institutions regarding land and land use: 1. Legal security 2. Controlling land use change
People to land relationships Rights to land and roles of different parties are not of
interest as long as land resources are abundant in relation to demand.
??
Development of land evidences for different purposes:
Three dimensions of defining rights to land: - definition of concepts (what is included in a certain right), - definition of holders of rights, - definition of boundaries.
Parcel based land evidences - standard in developed countries:
The cadastral parcel – is a uniquely delimited tract of land within which a coherent set of definable property interest is recognized.
Land administration system – conceptualization of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities related to people, policies and land.
Rights
Restrictions
Responsibilities RRR
Tasks Land related activities Tools/Methods
Strategy – visions and
objectives
LAND POLICY political activities
Management – measures and
projects for the implementation of the policy
LAND MANAGEMENT land-use planning, land consolidation and reallocation, melioration, landscape development …
Administration – handling of spatial
information, data analysis, data visualization
– cadastral procedures
LAND ADMINISTRATION
cadastral procedures, monitoring, land registration, land surveying …
Source: Steudler and Rajabifard, 2012
Source: Enemark, 2013
… it is about the policies, processes and institutions by which land, property and natural resources are managed.
Source: Enemark, 2013
Meeting sustainable development objectives is a complex and temporal process involving multiple stakeholders.
These objectives can be facilitated through the development of a
spatially enabled government - a new vision for Spatial Information within an e-Government environment.
Sustainable Development
LAS SDI
Spatial data are data referred to a location of the Earth’s Surface and are often termed as geographical or geo-referenced data. Land data is also spatial data.
Why spatial data? Estimates – 80% of human decisions is related geographically (Worrall,
1991) Why spatial data for land management? The unique characteristic of the land is geographical location!
Good Land Information
Better Land Policy
Better Land Management
and Administration
Suitable Spatial
Development, Land Use
Spatial data infrastructure is presented by the integrated national spatial databases – it consists of the technology, policies, standards, and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data.
The term appeared in the 80-ies of the past century in Canada, when the state and country surveying agencies were trying to improve their efficiency and effectiveness by transforming spatial data into digital environment.
Measurements, spatial data acquisition
Land management, Spatial planning, development
Spatial (land) data maintainance Spatial data infrastructure (SDI)
Legal framework for basic spatial data;
Common Data integration concept
Positioning infrastructure for the common reference framework;
Network infrastructure to enable integration and sharing of spatial data through the spatial data infrastructure SDI;
Landownership information as one of the basic information topics;
Data and information – data quality, accessibility
Multipurpose Cadastre (German style) Title or deeds (Torrens/English style)
Taxation cadastre (French/Latin/ USA style)
Tenure
Value
Use
Development
Incorporating: Land policy Spatially enabled LAS Services to business and public Country context
Sustainable development - Economic - Environmental - Social - Governance
Land data Land
management paradigm
Spatially enabled
government
Parcels Buildings Roads
Inte
gra
ted
fu
nct
ion
s
SDI Mapping agencies
and other data providers
Better decision making
Source: Williamson, Enemark, Wallace, Rajabifard, 2010
1. DATA SETS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED OVER LONG PERIOD
- different methods of data acquisition; - different methods of data maintenance; - dynamic system – new observation for improvement
of positional accuracy?
2. DATA ARE BASED ON OBSERVATIONS – measurements: - random variables: any measured value contains
some uncertainty! - redundant variables: commonly there exist more
measured values then necessary to be able to calculate unique point coordinates!
1818 – 1829: first cadastral survey Cadastral plans 1:2880; Land use, land classification and ownership were
defined; 1869 – 1882: new systematic cadastral
survey (only some areas) 1871: land register Dual property registration system
influence on the real property register from the
Habsburg monarchy
influence of the period of planned administrative
economy 1945 – 1991: the maintenance of the land registration system was not important.
Slovenia (1991)
Security of ownership essential
LAND (REAL PROPEORTY) EVIDENCES: land and building cadastre, land registry A basic sub-system of NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (NSDI)
Transition from planned-administrative economy
to marked oriented economy
Land administration system (LAS) based on
land information system (LIS) and spatial data infrastructure (SDI)
for
sustainable spatial development.
Literature: Dale, P. F., McLaughlin, J. D. (1999): Land Administration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Enemark, S. (2013): Building Spatial Frameworks for Sustainable and Transparent Land Governance. WB and FIG presentation. FIG (2014): Fédération Internationales des Géomètres, www.fig.net. Larsson, G. (1997): Land Management – Public Policy, Control and Participation. Stockholm: The Swedish Council for Building Research. Lisec, A., Ferlan, M. (2012): Institutional framework of land management and its implication for spatial development. In Ciccotelli, E., Calò, B. (Eds.). Spatial planning : strategies, developments and management. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers, 35-55. Steudler, D., Rajabifard, A. (2012): Spatially Enabled Society. FIG. Williamson, I., Enemark, S., Wallace, J., Rajabifard, A. (2010): Land Administration for Sustainable Development. ESRI Press.
University of Ljubljana
Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering