Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
January 23, 2018 1
Land Tenure and Geospatial Data and Technology
Ioana BouvierE3/Land and Urban, USAID
Senior Geospatial Analyst
January 23, 2018
January 23, 2018 2
OUTLINE
1. Overview of geospatial data and technology for land tenure
2. Role of new geospatial technologies in securing land tenure
3. Opportunities and considerations in using geospatial technologies for land tenure and
improved resources governance
4. Implications for sustainable development
January 23, 2018 3
TERMS AND CONCEPTS
Geospatial Data:
• Any data that is linked to a location
Geospatial Technology:
• Range of tools for mapping and data management
• Global Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and satellite imagery
January 23, 2018 4
MANAGING LAND REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE
• Where are the land resources?
• Who has access to these land resources?
• How much land is there?
Geospatial data and technology can help you answer these questions.
GEOSPATIAL DATA AND TECHNOLOGY TO SECURE LAND
January 23, 2018 5
DEVELOPING NATIONS
• Large cities may have invested in a cadastral system
• However, in most of the developing world paper records are prevalent
January 23, 2018 6
LAND RECORDS AND GEOSPATIAL DATA COLLECTION
DEVELOPED NATIONS
• Most land records are digitized
• Records are created and maintained in land administration or cadastral systems
• Collected by professional surveyors and follow legal and accuracy standards
How can geospatial data help bridge this gap?
• Lack of documentation and digital records
• High cost of land surveyors and traditional land administration processes
• Gap between government planned land administration and local/regional priorities
• Emphasis on attracting investments
• Low capacity
January 23, 2018 7
CHALLENGE
MAST is flexible and adaptive approach and can be used for:
• Systematic Registration
• Spot Registration
• Conflict Resolutions
• Sustainable land use planning
January 23, 2018 8
MOBILE APPLICATIONS TO SECURE TENURE – MASTEXAMPLE
CLARIFYING TENURE SYSTEMS: EXAMPLE
January 23, 2018 9
Customary
Customary
Private
Private
January 23, 2018 10
CADASTER EXAMPLE
January 23, 2018 11
CADASTER EXAMPLE
CONSIDERATIONS
January 23, 2018 12
January 23, 2018 13
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
• Legal accuracy requirements
• Data collection and management
• Sustainability
January 23, 2018 14
1. ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS
General Rule:
• Highly accurate data is more difficult and more costly to collect and to manage
January 23, 2018 15
URBAN AREAS
• 1 meter, sub-meter requirements
January 23, 2018 16
RURAL AREAS
• Varies, often 2-10 meter requirements
January 23, 2018 17
2. DATA QUALITY
Data quality encompasses the accuracy and precision of both:
• The spatial data
• The attributes
January 23, 2018 18
TOPOLOGY EXAMPLE
• Topology describes spatial
relationships
January 23, 2018 19
3. SUSTAINABILITY
January 23, 2018 20
OPPORTUNITIES AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
January 23, 2018 21
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
January 23, 2018 22
OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE LAND-BASED INVESTMENT
January 23, 2018 23
ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND-BASED INVESTMENTS IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURE
January 23, 2018 24
GEOSPATIAL DATA AND TECHNOLOGY
• Geospatial data can inform such investments to avoid potential land-related conflicts
between investors and communities.
• Maps and analysis can be helpful to investors throughout a project’s life cycle, including:
– Due diligence and pre-project assessment phases
– Negotiations
– Project implementation
– Project close-out
January 23, 2018 25
CLEAN ENERGY INVESTMENT IN MEXICO
January 23, 2018 26
MEXICO: COMPLEX TENURE
INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY
• Private titles
• Registered with the Public Registry of Property
COMMUNITY LANDS:
• “Ejidos” and “comunidades” registered with the National Agrarian Registry
• Individual land and commonly used property rights also exist within the “ejidos”
January 23, 2018
27
CLEAN ENERGY INVESTMENT IN MEXICO EXAMPLE
ACCESS TO LAND IN COLOMBIA
January 23, 2018 28
January 23, 2018 29
COLOMBIA: ACCESS TO LAND
• 3% own 60% of registered rural land
January 23, 2018 30
EXAMINING ACCESS TO LAND AND DRIVERS OF CONFLICT
Most recent displaced populations are Afro-Colombians and Indigenous People, who comprise an estimated 15% of Colombia’s population
January 23, 2018
31
ACCESS TO LAND IN COLOMBIA EXAMPLE
January 23, 2018 32
TAKEAWAY #1
Geospatial data and technology play a critical role for clarifying and
strengthening land rights
January 23, 2018 33
TAKEAWAY #2
There are a number of considerations associated with spatial land
data collection and management to secure tenure
January 23, 2018 34
TAKEAWAY #3
Opportunities exist for linking spatial data to existing frameworks and
guidance
January 23, 2018 35
TAKEAWAY #4
Technology development and web mapping allow for improved access
to geospatial land data
January 23, 2018 36
RESOURCES
Learn more:
• USAID Land Links resources
• Additional Resources on Geospatial data/emerging technologies
