LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM GALERI DAN STUDIO SENI LUKIS … · 2019. 2. 12. · 82 PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR . Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2017/2018 . LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

82

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2017/2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

GALERI DAN STUDIO SENI LUKIS

DI SEMARANG

Tema Desain

Arsitektur Organik

Fokus Kajian

Kenyamanan Visual

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

Luthfi Giffari Ruliandono NIM : 13.11.0108

Dosen Pembimbing :

Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT. NIDN : 0617025701

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA September 2017

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i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

iii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN

iv

PRAKATA

Puji dan syukur penulis ucapakan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas

rahmatnya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan proposal proyek akhir

arsitektur yang berjudul Galeri dan Studio Seni Lukis di Semarang ini dengan

baik.

Tidak lupa juga penulis ucapakan terimakasih kepada:

1. Ibu Dra. B. Tyas Susanti MA. PhD., selaku Dekan Fakutas

Arsitektur dan Desain.

2. Ibu MD. Nestri Kiswari, ST. MSc., selaku Ketua Jurusan Program

Studi Arsitektur.

3. Bapak Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno MT. selaku Dosen Koordinator

Projek Akhir Arsitektur 72.

4. Ibu Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT. selaku dosen pembimbing yang

telah memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan selama proses

pembutaan hingga penyelesain proposal ini.

5. Orang tua dan keluarga penulis yang senantiasa mendoakan

keberhasilan pembuatan proposal ini.

6. Rekan dan sahabat penulis yang telah memberikan dukungan

kepada penulis.

7. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu.

Akhir kata, penulis berharap semoga proposal ini dapat bermanfaat

sebagaimana mestinya, Amin.

Semarang, 4 September 2017

Penulis

v

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .......................................................................... i

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................ iii

PRAKATA ................................................................................................. iv

DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. v

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR DIAGRAM ................................................................................. xv

BAB I GALERI DAN STUDIO SENI LUKIS DI SEMARANG .................... 1

PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Projek ................................................................ 1

1.2 Strategi / pendekatan Perancangan .......................................... 2

1.3 Kekhasan Projek ......................................................................... 3

1.4 Alasan dan Motivasi Memilih Projek ......................................... 3

1.4.1 Ketertarikan ( Interest ) .............................................................. 3

1.4.2 Kepentingan Mendesak ( Urgency ) .......................................... 3

1.4.3 Kebutuhan ( Need) .................................................................... 5

1.4.4 Keterkaitan ( Relevancy ) .......................................................... 6

1.5 Tujuan dan Saran Pembahasan ................................................. 7

1.5.1 Tujuan ....................................................................................... 7

1.5.2 Sasaran .................................................................................. 7

1.5.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................ 8

1.6 Metode Pembahasan .................................................................. 9

1.6.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data ....................................................... 9

1.6.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisa ............................................ 10

1.6.3 Metode Pemprograman ........................................................ 10

vi

1.6.4 Metode Perancangan Arsitektur .............................................. 11

1.7 Sistematika Pembahasan ......................................................... 13

1.7.1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................... 13

1.7.2 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................. 13

1.7.3 BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR 14

1.7.4 BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTURAL ..................................... 14

1.7.5 BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................ 14

BAB II GALERI DAN STUDIO SENI LUKIS DI SEMARANG ................. 15

BAB II TINJAUAN PROJEK ................................................................... 15

2.1 Tinjauan Umum ......................................................................... 15

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum .................................................................... 15

2.1.2 Latar Belakang-Perkembangan-Tren ...................................... 17

2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ..................................................... 19

2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ....................................................................... 20

2.2.1 Terminologi .............................................................................. 20

2.2.2 Kegiatan .................................................................................. 35

2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ..................................... 62

2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Desa / Kota ................................................ 69

2.2.5 Studi Banding/ Komparasi Projek Sejenis ............................... 71

2.2.6 Permasalahan desain .............................................................. 77

2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan ,dan Anggapan ..................................... 78

2.3.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................. 78

2.3.2 Batasan ................................................................................... 80

2.3.3 Anggapan ................................................................................ 80

BAB III GALERI DAN STUDIO SENI LUKIS DI SEMARANG ................ 81

ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................... 81

vii

3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ................................................ 81

3.1.1 Studi Aktifitas-Pola Kegiatan-Sifat Kegiatan ........................ 81

3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas ...................................................................... 98

3.2 Studi Sistem Struktur ............................................................. 130

3.2.1 Studi SIstem struktur dan Eclosure ................................... 130

3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .......................................................... 139

3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ............................................ 148

3.3 Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ................................................. 149

3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .................................................. 149

3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ................................................... 155

BAB IV GALERI DAN STUDIO SENI LUKIS DI SEMARANG.............. 162

PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .................................................................... 162

4.1 Konsep Program ..................................................................... 162

4.1.1 Aspek Citra Arsitektural ...................................................... 162

4.1.2 Aspek Performance Arsitektural ......................................... 162

4.1.3 Aspek Citra Fungsi ............................................................. 163

4.1.4 Aspek Citra Teknologi ........................................................ 164

4.1.5 Aspek Ramah Lingkungan ................................................. 164

4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan ........... 164

4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan .......................................................... 164

4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ............................................ 166

4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ...................................... 166

4.3 Program Arsitektur ................................................................. 167

4.3.1 Program Kegiatan .............................................................. 167

4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur .................................................... 178

4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ...................................................... 180

viii

4.3.4 Pemanfaatan Teknologi ..................................................... 180

4.3.5 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ................................................ 181

BAB V GALERI DAN STUDIO SENI LUKIS DI SEMARANG............... 188

KAJIAN TEORI ...................................................................................... 188

5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan / Tema Desain ................................ 188

5.1.1 Uraian Interpresasi dan Elaborasi Penekanan Desain ....... 188

5.1.2 Studi Preseden ................................................................... 192

5.1.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ................... 195

5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................................... 196

5.2.1 Uraian Interpresasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan

Dominan… ....................................................................................... 196

5.2.2 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan .. 203

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..............................................................................205

LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................208

ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Jarak Pandang Mata Terhadap Lukisan .............................. 23

Gambar 2.2 Kemampuan Gerak Anatomi Manusia ................................. 23

Gambar 2.3 Sudut Pandang Mata ........................................................... 24

Gambar 2.4 Penyaringan Sinar Matahari ................................................. 25

Gambar 2.5 Sistem Pencahayaan Buatan ............................................... 25

Gambar 2.6 Konsep Studio Melukis......................................................... 27

Gambar 2.7 Studio Seniman .................................................................... 28

Gambar 2.8 Lukisan Hyper realist ........................................................... 31

Gambar 2.9 Lukisan Kopi ........................................................................ 32

Gambar 2.10 Lukisan Romantisme.......................................................... 32

Gambar 2.11 Lukisan Pointilis ................................................................. 32

Gambar 2.12 Lukisan Mural ..................................................................... 33

Gambar 2.13 Lukisan bidang 3D ............................................................. 33

Gambar 2.14 Lukisan bidang 3D ............................................................. 34

Gambar 2.15 Studio Bekerja Seniman..................................................... 41

Gambar 2.16 Standar Ruang Fasilitas Melukis ........................................ 46

Gambar 2.17 Standar Ruang Fasilitas Melukis ........................................ 47

Gambar 2.18 Theater Outdoor ................................................................. 48

Gambar 2.19 Pelukis Dengan Teknik Terbalik ......................................... 49

Gambar 2.20 Pelukis Teknik Happening Art ............................................ 49

Gambar 2.21 Wisma Seni ........................................................................ 51

Gambar 2.22 Perpustakaan Galeri Seni .................................................. 52

Gambar 2.23 Standar Ruang Perpustakaan ............................................ 52

x

Gambar 2.24 Standar Ruang Perpustakaan ............................................ 53

Gambar 2.25 Desain Meja Cafe .............................................................. 54

Gambar 2.26 Desain Pameran Outdoor .................................................. 60



Gambar 3.1 Jarak Pandang Lukisan...................................................... 105

Gambar 3.2 Pondasi Sumuran .............................................................. 131

Gambar 3.3 Pondasi Batu Kali Setempat .............................................. 131

Gambar 3.4 Pondasi Footplat ................................................................ 132

Gambar 3.5 Dinding Bata Merah ........................................................... 132

Gambar 3.6 Dinding Hebel .................................................................... 133

Gambar 3.7 Dinding Adesit .................................................................... 133

Gambar 3.8 Wallpaper Dinding dengan tangan ..................................... 133

Gambar 3.9 Wallpaper Dinding dengan Kapur ...................................... 134

Gambar 3.10 Dinding Tanaman ............................................................. 134

Gambar 3.11 Dinding Roster ................................................................. 134

Gambar 3.12 Dinding Kaca .................................................................... 135

Gambar 3.13 Dinding ACP .................................................................... 135

Gambar 3.14 Dinding Kayu .................................................................... 135

Gambar 3.15 Lantai Kayu ...................................................................... 136

Gambar 3.16 Lantai Keramik bekas....................................................... 136

Gambar 3.17 Lantai Grass block ........................................................... 136

Gambar 3.18 Plafond Kayu .................................................................... 136

Gambar 3.19 Plafond Bambu ................................................................ 136

xi

Gambar 3.20 Split Level ........................................................................ 137

Gambar 3.21 Retaining Wall .................................................................. 137

Gambar 3.22 Sengkedan ....................................................................... 137

Gambar 3.23 Space Frame ................................................................... 138

Gambar 3.24 Green Roof ...................................................................... 138

Gambar 3.25 Safety Glass ................................................................. ....138

Gambar 3.26 Baja Ringan ................................................................. ....139

Gambar 3.27 Polycarbonate .............................................................. ....139

Gambar 3.28 Down Light ................................................................... ....140

Gambar 3.29 SpotLight ..................................................................... ....140

Gambar 3.30 Lampu Neon / Bak Kayu .............................................. ....141

Gambar 3.31 Penghawaan Alami ...................................................... ....141

Gambar 3.32 Main Control Panel ...................................................... ....143

Gambar 3.33 Falme Detector ............................................................ ....144

Gambar 3.34 Heat Detector ............................................................... ....144

Gambar 3.35 Fire Hydrant System .................................................... ....144

Gambar 3.36 Hydrant Box ................................................................. ....144

Gambar 3.37 Apar ............................................................................. ....145

Gambar 3.38 Sprinkle ........................................................................ ....145

Gambar 3.39 Light Shelves ............................................................... ....148

Gambar 3.40 Solar Tube ................................................................... ....148

Gambar 3.41 Peta BWK II Kota Semarang ........................................ ....150

Gambar 3.42 Peta BWK II Kota Semarang ........................................ ....151

Gambar 3.43 Tampak atas site .......................................................... ....156

xii

Gambar 3.44 Tampak atas site ........................................................... ...158

Gambar 4.1 Tampak atas site ............................................................ ....177

Gambar 4.2 Retaining Wall ................................................................ ....181

Gambar 4.3 Tampak atas site ............................................................ ....183

Gambar 5.1 Bangunan Arsitektur Organik ......................................... ....188

Gambar 5.2 Penerapan Arsitektur Organik ........................................ ....192

Gambar 5.3 Penerapan Arsitektur Organik ........................................ ....193

Gambar 5.4 Ward Willits House ......................................................... ....195

Gambar 5.5 Lampu Downlight ........................................................... ....200

Gambar 5.6 Lampu Uplight ................................................................ ....200

xiii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Tinggi Rata – Rata Pandangan Mata Manusia ........................ 23

Tabel 2.2 Standar Ruang Fasilitas Melukis .............................................. 47

Tabel 2.3 Kebutuhan Ruang Berdasarkan Pelaku dan Aktivitas .............. 55

Tabel 2.4 Aktivitas dan Fasilitas Selasar Sunaryo ................................... 74

Tabel 2.5 Analisa Kelebihan .................................................................... 75

Tabel 2.6 Analisa Kekurangan ................................................................. 76

Tabel 3.1 Pembagian waktu studio melukis ............................................. 88

Tabel 3.2 Kelompok dan jumlah pengelola ............................................. 89

Tabel 3.3 Perbandingan Pengunjung Proyek sejenis .............................. 98

Tabel 3.4 Pola Kebutuhan ruang, Sifat Ruang ......................................... 99

Tabel 3.5 Tinggi Rata-rata Manusia Indonesia ..................................... 105

Tabel 3.6 Perhitungan Studi Ruang Khusus .......................................... 110

Tabel 3.7 Perhitungan Besaran Ruang .................................................. 116

Tabel 3.8 Luasan Total Fasilitas Galeri dan Studio Seni ....................... 126

Tabel 3.9 Kebutuhan Ruang Parkir ........................................................ 128

Tabel 3.10 Kriteria Penilaian Tapak ....................................................... 151

Tabel 3.11 Tabel Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ............................................ 159

Tabel 3.12 Tabel Pemilihan Tapak ........................................................ 160

Tabel 4.1 Program Kegiatan .................................................................. 167

Tabel 4.2 Total Luas Area Galeri dan Studio Seni ................................. 173

Tabel 4.3 Kebutuhan Ruang Parkir ........................................................ 174

Tabel 4.4 Sistem Struktur ...................................................................... 178

Tabel 4.5 Sistem Utilitas ........................................................................ 180

xiv

Tabel 4.6 Pemanfaatan Teknologi ......................................................... 181

Tabel 4.7 Pemilihan Vegetasi ................................................................ 184

xv

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 2.1 Latar Belakang Pembangunan Galeri dan Studio Seni ....... 16

Diagram 2.2 Struktur Organisasi Galeri dan Studi Seni ........................... 35

Diagram 3.1 Pengelompokan Aktivitas .................................................... 81

Diagram 3.2 Kategori Kegiatan Pengunjung ............................................ 85

Diagram 3.3 Pola Kegiatan Pelaku Seni .................................................. 91

Diagram 3.4 Pola Kedatangan dan Kepergian Pengunjung ..................... 91

Diagram 3.5 Pola Aktivitas Bagian Pengelola .......................................... 92

Diagram 3.6 Pola Aktivitas Pimpinan Galeri dan Studio Seni .................. 92

Diagram 3.7 Pola Aktivitas Bendahara dan Sekretaris ............................ 92

Diagram 3.8 Pola Aktivitas Bagian Koleksi dan Perawatan ..................... 93

Diagram 3.9 Pola Aktivitas Kepala dan Staff Pameran ........................... 93

Diagram 3.10 Pola Aktivitas Koordinator Gudang .................................... 93

Diagram 3.11 Pola Aktivitas Kepala Administrasi ................................... 94

Diagram 3.12 Pola Aktivitas Bagian Teknis dan Pemeliharaan ............... 94

Diagram 3.13 Pola Aktivitas Kepala Keamanan ..................................... 94

Diagram 3.14 Pola Aktivitas Kepala Perpustakaan ................................. 95

Diagram 3.15 Pola Aktivitas Pengelola Cafe Galeri dan Studio Seni ...... 95

Diagram 3.16 Pola Aktivitas Kep Publikasi Galeri dan Studio Seni ........ 95

Diagram 3.17 Pola Aktivitas Kurator Galeri dan Studio Seni .................. 96

Diagram 3.18 Pola Aktivitas Bag Maintance Galeri dan Studio Seni ...... 96

Diagram 3.19 Pola Aktivitas Staff Kebersihan ........................................ 96

Diagram 3.20 Pola Hubungan Ruang Makro Galeri dan Studio Seni ... 101

Diagram 3.21 Pola Hubungan Ruang Outdoor indoor .......................... 102

xvi

Diagram 3.22 Hubungan Ruang Mikro Pengelola ................................. 103

Diagram 3.23 Hubungan Ruang Mikro Staff MEE ................................ 103

Diagram 3.24 Hubungan Ruang Mikro Seniman .................................. 104

Diagram 3.25 Hubungan Ruang Mikro Pengunjung .............................. 104

Diagram 3.26 Pola Skema Elektrikal Galeri dan Studio Seni ................ 142

Diagram 3.27 Sistem Downfeed Distribusi Galeri dan Studio Seni ....... 142

Diagram 3.28 Sistem Upfeed Distribusi Galeri dan Studio Seni ........... 143

Diagram 3.29 Pembuangan black water Galeri dan Studio Seni .......... 143

Diagram 3.30 Pola Pembuangan Sampah Galeri dan Studio Seni ....... 146

Diagram 3.31 Pola pembuangan sampah Galeri dan Studio Seni ........ 146

Diagram 3.32 Pola Komunikasi keluar Galeri dan Studio Seni ............. 146

Documents

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM GALERI DAN STUDIO SENI LUKIS … · 2019. 2. 12. · 82 PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR . Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2017/2018 . LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM