Landslide Disaster Equipment

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INTRODUCTIONS

Definitions

Disaster

A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard that has come to

fruition, resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical

damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment. A disaster

can be ostensively defined as any tragic event with great loss stemming from events

such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a

phenomenon that disasters can cause damage to life, property and destroy the

economic, social and cultural life of people.

Landslide

Landslides are simply defined as the mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a

slope and have come to include a broad range of motions whereby falling, sliding and

flowing under the influence of gravity dislodges earth material. They often take place

in conjunction with earthquakes, floods and volcanoes. At times, prolonged rainfall

causing heavy block the flow or river for quite some time. The formation of river

blocks can cause havoc to the settlements downstream on it's bursting. In the hilly

terrain of India including the Himalayas, landslides have been a major and widely

spread natural disaster the often strike life and property and occupy a position of

major concern.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-made_disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_%28biophysical%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostensive_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostensive_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_%28biophysical%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-made_disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disaster


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Therefore,Emergency Management is represented by a range of measures which

have been designed for the management of risks to communities and to the

environment. It involves establishing plans, structures and arrangements to bring

together the normal activities of governments with voluntary and private agencies.

This liaison is done in a comprehensive and coordinated way to deal with the whole

spectrum of emergency needs, including the issues of prevention, preparedness,

response and recovery.

Emergency Managers carry out any tasks before, during or after a disaster or

emergency and contribute to creating or maintaining the safety of communities. They

include police, fire-fighters and State Emergency Service personnel as well as

doctors, local government employees, social workers, public health employees, land

use planners and other community organisations and volunteers.

Emergencies are classified as either human-related, technological or natural. A

natural disaster is a serious disruption to a community or region caused by the impact

of a naturally occurring rapid onset event which threatens or results in death, injury or

damage to property or the environment. They can be caused by bushfires, floods,

severe storms, cyclones, storm surges, earthquakes, landslides, tornados, a tsunami

or a meteorite strike.Events of this nature require a significant and well coordinated

multi-agency and community response.

Therefore,as the medical assistant we must know all about pharmaceutical,relief

supplies and medical equipment which use during landslide disaster.there are a lot of

tools or medical equipment which is use in treat and rescue of the victims.
http://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/emergency-management/prevention-and-mitigation.htmlhttp://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/emergency-management/preparedness.htmlhttp://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/emergency-management/response.htmlhttp://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/emergency-management/recovery.htmlhttp://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/emergency-management/recovery.htmlhttp://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/emergency-management/response.htmlhttp://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/emergency-management/preparedness.htmlhttp://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/emergency-management/prevention-and-mitigation.html


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Medical equipment

Long Spine BoardDescriptionA smooth plywood used to support casualty with suspected spinal injury.

FunctionUsed with Head Immobilization Device and Fastrap Restraint, it provides a firm

surface for support casualty with suspected spinal injury.

Inflatable SplintDescriptionAn inflatable device to immobilize the limbs of a casualty.

FunctionFor injuries or fractures at and below knees; and injuries or fractures to forearm, wrist

or hand.


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Cervical CollarDescriptionA lightweight, fully padded supportive device with six sizes that vary in height.

FunctionFor stabilization of the head and neck of a casualty with suspected spinal injury.

Scoop StretcherDescriptionA metallic stretcher that can be split into two halves for easy loading of casualty onto

the stretcher.

FunctionFor lifting a casualty with fractures or spinal injury.


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Wooden SplintDescriptionSmall strip of plywood.

Function

For immobilizing fractured lower limbs.

Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator

DescriptionAn equipment used to deliver oxygen to non-breathing casualties/patients. It has

three different sizes for infant, paediatric and adult.

FunctionA resuscitation device for ventilating non-breathing casualties/patients.


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Nasal CannulaDescriptionOxygen delivery device.

FunctionFor providing an oxygen concentration of 24-50 % to casualty/patient

Oropharyngeal AirwayDescriptionA plastic curved device for maintaining a free airway of a casualty/patient.

FunctionUsed to prevent the falling of the tongue of an unconscious casualty/patient.


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Oxygen Regulator SystemDescriptionOxygen delivery device.

FunctionA portable equipment for providing oxygen to casualty/patient. The fully-charged

cylinder contains 340 litres of oxygen.

Pulse OximeterDescriptionAn electronic device which has a probe designed to clip on finger or toe.

Function

Measure the oxygen saturation of blood and the heart rate.


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Sphygmomanometer DescriptionAn manually operated device for measuring blood pressure.

FunctionFor blood pressure measurement.

Solution for Intravenous InfusionDescription0.9% Normal Saline and Dextrose 10% in water.

Function0.9% Normal Saline used for fluid replacement in the case of severe hypotension,

hyperglycemia or anaphylaxis; Dextrose 10% in water used for patients whose blood

sugar is abnormally low.


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Traction SplintDescriptionA splint for lower limb fracture with traction to be applied.

FunctionProvide a traction of 5 lb to 10 lb to the injured limb.

Simple MaskDescriptionOxygen delivery device.

FunctionFor providing an oxygen concentration of 40-50 % to casualty/patient.


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Automated External Defibrillator

DescriptionA semi-automatic machine which can detect and analyse patients ECG. It also

delivers electric shocks.

FunctionUsed on cardiac arrested patients for delivering electric shocks to convert ventricular

fibrillation (non-productive heart movement) to spontaneous heart beat.

Combitube

Description

An advanced airway adjunct.

Function

Used in cardiac arrested casualty/patient by trained paramedic.


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Tuff-Cut Paramedic Scissors

Sharp stainless scissors. Highly useful for cutting seatbelts, clothing, and other

materials.

Trauma Bag

Large in size with multiple "inner mobile bag", contains different size of bandages,

dressing set, gloves, gauze, tape, IV sets, and medical materials that needed when

dealing with trauma cases.

Glucometer

A medical electronic device used to measure the concentration of glucose in the

blood of the patient


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LIST OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND DRUGS AND ITS FUNCTIONS.

Pharmaceutical and drugs

1) epinephrine

- a very commonly use drug in life threathening.

2)etomidate(amidate)

- used as short acting intravenous anaesthetic agent for the induction of general

anesthesia and sedation for short surgical procedures such as advanced airway

intervension or cardioversion.

3) fentanyl

- one of the most common drugs used to treat severe pain.

4) mannitol

- used to control intracranial pressure and head trauma

5) midazolam

- a potent sedative used widely in the prehospital and in hospital setting.

6) morphine

- an analgaesic widely use in EMS to control pain.

7 )zofran

-used to control nausea and vomitting.


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References

History of landslide susceptibility and a chorology of landslide prone areas in theWestern Ghats of Kerala, India.Environmental Geology. 2008. doi:10.1007/s00254-

008-1431-9..

abEasterbrook, Don J. (1999). Surface Processes and Landforms. Upper

Saddle River: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0138609586.

^Le Bas, T.P. (2007), "Slope Failures on the Flanks of Southern Cape Verde

Islands", in Lykousis, Vasilios, Submarine mass movements and their consequences:

3rd international symposium, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-6511-8

^Schuster, R.L. & Krizek, R.J. (1978). Landslides: Analysis and Control.

Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/c1q6465428351032/http://www.springerlink.com/content/c1q6465428351032/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00254-008-1431-9.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00254-008-1431-9.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-b1_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-b1_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-b1_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-b1_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Saddle_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Saddle_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0138609586http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-6511-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-6511-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0138609586http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Saddle_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Saddle_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-b1_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide#cite_ref-b1_1-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00254-008-1431-9.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00254-008-1431-9.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifierhttp://www.springerlink.com/content/c1q6465428351032/http://www.springerlink.com/content/c1q6465428351032/

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Landslide Disaster Equipment