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8/14/2019 Language, Speech & Aphasias
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Language: refers to vocabulary & syntaxindependent of mode of production or
comprehension
Speech: actual production
Vocalization: production of sound withoutlinguistic content
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Language areas of brain
Brocas area: anterior speech area
Location- 3rd frontal gyrus
Detailed and co-ordinated pattern of vocalization
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Wernickes area: posterior speech area/
sensory area of speech
Location: Temporal lobeComprehension of speech
Dejerines area: area 39
Location: angular gyrus
Exners area: Motor writing centre
Location: Middle frontal gyrus of categorical
hemisphere
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Types of speech
1. Spoken speech:
understanding spoken words &
expressing ideas in speech3. Written speech:
understanding written words and
expressing ideas in writing
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Mechanism of speech
Primary auditory cortex/primary visual area
Auditory/visual association areas
Dejerines area
Wernickes area
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Arcuate fasciculus
Brocas area
Exners area
Motor area
Vocalization/Writing
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Comprehension of written speech and vocalization
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Speech/Language Disorders
Aphasias: Abnormalities of language
functions not due to defects of vision,
hearing or motor system
Classification:
3. Fluent aphasia
4. Non-fluent aphasia5. Anomic aphasia
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Fluent aphasia (sensory aphasia):
Injury to wernickes areaConduction aphasia- lesions in & around
auditory cortex
Talks excessively without senseNeologism
Phonemic paraphasias
I went to the..they brought me to theplace where.it wasnt the one that
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Nonfluent aphasia (Motor aphasia):
Slow & effortful
No grammarTelegraphic speech
Incorrect writing
Good comprehension
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Anomic aphasia:Injury to angular gyrus
Difficulty in understanding written language
and pictures
Global aphasia:
Injury to both brocas & wernickes area
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Dyslexia:Impaired ability to read
Phonemic deficit
Artists, musicians, mathematicians
Dysarthria:
Imperfect vocalizationDefect in motor areas & their connections
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Recognition of face
Right inferior temporal lobe
Prosopagnosia
Autonomic changes
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Cerebral Dominance
Categorical hemisphere- analytic
processes
Representational hemisphere- visuospatial
relations
90% left hemisphere is categorical
70% of left handed have left hemispheredominance
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Lesions of categorical hemisphere:
Language disorders
Disturbed and depressed
Lesions of representational hemisphere:Astereognosis & other agnosias
Hemineglect
Unconcerned and euphoric