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LANGUAGE TESTING: APPROACHES AND TECHNIQUEPREPARED BY: OBOGON,
REALYN JANE H.
FOUR MAIN APPROACHESTHE ESSAY- TRANSLATION APPROACH
THE STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
THE INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
THE ESSAY-TRANSLATION APPROACH
CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF TESTS
Pre-scientific stage of language testing
No special skill required
Essay writing, translation, grammar analysis
Heavy literary and cultural bias
Sometimes have an oral component at the upper intermediate and
advance levels
b. STRENGTHS
Subjective judgment
Any level of examinees
Essentials of tests
c. WEAKNESSES
Subjective Judgment, bias
Heavy literary and cultural bias
2. THE STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES
Systematic acquisition of a set of habits
Structural linguistics
Separate from another as much as possible
Psychometric approach ( reliability and objectivity )
b. STRENGTHS
Students capability, objectively
Covered in
Find their strengths and weaknesses
c. WEAKNESSES
Complicated job, prepare questionnaires
Measuring non- integrated skills than integrated skills
3. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES
Meaning and total communicative effect of discourse
Global view of proficiency
Functional language
Cloze test , dictation, oral interview, essay writing
b. STRENGTHS
Useful
Views students proficiency with a global way
Decode interrrupted or multilated c. WEAKNESSES
Students need (only)
4. THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES
How language is used in communication
Often emphasized (language usage)
Divisibility hypothesis
Relevant to real- life situation
Assessment (quantitative and qualitative)
b. STRENGTHS
Measure all integrated skills of students
Real life
Measure all language skills
Increase the reliability of scoring
c. WEAKNESSES
Dont emphasize learning structural grammar
Cultural bias
QUESTIONS
TEST TECHNIQUES
DIRECT VS INDIRECT TESTING
DISCRETE POINT VS INTEGRATIVE TESTING
NORM- REFERENCED VS CRITERION REFERENCED TESTING
OBJECTIVE VS SUBJECTIVE TESTING
DIRECT VS INDIRECT TESTINGDIRECT TESTING(MEASURES)DIRECT-
PERFORM THE SKILLDIRECT TESTING- PRODUCTIVE SKILLS, STUDENTS
ABILITY1. ABILITIES2. PRODUCTIVE SKILLS3. BACKWASH EFFECT ABILITIES
UNDERLIES ON SKILLS (INDIRECT TESTING)
SEMI-DIRECT: STIMULATE DIRECT TESTING
2. DISCRETE POINT VS INTEGRATIVE TESTINGDISCRETE POINT* ONE
POINT OR OBJECTIVEINDIRECTDIAGNOSTIC TESTSINTEGRATIVEMORE THAN ONE
POINT OR OBJECTIOVE AT A TIMEDIRECTCLOZE PROCEDURE
NORM- REFERENCED VS CRITERION REFERENCED TESTING
NORM- REFERENCEDINTERPRETED RELATIVE TO EACH OTHER IN A NJORMAL
DISTRIBUTION SCHEME (CONTINUUM KNOWLEDGE/ ABILITY)CRITERION
REFERENCEDPREDETERMINEDABSOLUTELANGUAGE COURSES(ACHIEVEMENT,
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES)
REFLECTION
OBJECTIVE VS SUBJECTIVE TESTINGOBJECTIVENO JUDGEMENTMULTIPLE
CHOICE TESTONE RIGHT ANSWER
SUBJECTIVEJUDGEMENTSERIES OF FACTORS
