LANGUAGE TRANSFER

SRI SURYANTI

1104016

WORD ORDER STUDIES OF TRANSFER

BASIC WORD ORDER TRANSFER (ODLIN, 1990)

THE RELATIVE LACK OF RESEARCH ON BEGINNER LEARNERS

LEARNERS ARE LIKELY TO BE HIGHLY CONSCIOUS OF WORD ORDER

REPORTS:

KOREAN – ENGLISH & SPANISH – ENGLISH BILINGUALS WERE MUCH MORE CONSISTENT IN JUDGJING WORD ORDER ERRORS THAN ARTICLE ERRORS.

WORD ORDER STUDIES OF TRANSFER

MINIMALIST THEORETICAL POSITIONS ON TRANSFER

MINIMALIST THEORETICAL POSITIONS ON TRANSFER

CONSTRAINTS ON TRANSFER

LANGUAGE LEVEL

(PHONOLOGY, LEXIS, GRAMMAR & DISCOURSE)

DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS

(NATURAL PROCESSES OF INTERLANGUAGE

DEVELOPMENT)

MARKEDNESS (THE EXTENT TO WHICH SPECIFIC LINGUISTICS

FEATURES ARE ‘SPECIAL’ IN SOME WAY)

LANGUAGE DISTANCE & PSYCHOTYPOLOGY

(THE PERCEPTIONS OF SPEAKERS THAT HAVE SIMILARITY &

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LANGUAGE

PROTOTYPICALITY

(THE EXTENT TO WHICH SPECIFIC MEANING OF

WORD – CORE OR BASIC)

SOCIAL FACTORS

(THE EFFECT OF ADDRESSEE & DIFFERENT LEARNING

CONTEXTS ON TRANSFER)

LANGUAGE LEVEL

THE L1 OF LEARNERS SERVES AS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF NATIVE SPEAKERS’ EVALUATIONS OF THEIR SPEECH

(Purcell and Suter,1980)

LANGUAGE LEVEL

THE MAJORITY OF LEXICAL ERRORSMADE BY SWEDISH & FINNISH LEARNERS OFL2 ENGLISH COULD BE ATTRIBUTED TO THETRANSFER OF PARTIAL TRANSLATIONEQUIVALENTS

(Ringbom,1978)

LANGUAGE LEVEL

SWEDISH LEARNERS OF L2 ENGLISH DIDBETTER IN VOCABULARY LEARNING THANFINNISH LEARNERS, SWEDISH BEING CLOSER THAN FINNISH TO ENGLISH

(Sjoholm,1976)

IN FACT

VERY DIFFICULT TO QUANTIFY THE EXTENT OF TRANSFER IN THE DIFFERENT LANGUAGE LEVEL

IN FACT

MOST LEARNERS HAVE A MUCH MORE HIGHLY DEVELOPED METALINGUAL AWARENESS OF GRAMMATICAL PROPERTIES THAN OF PHONOLOGICAL OR DISCOURSE/PRAGMATIC PROPERTIES

SOCIOLINGUISTIC FACTORS

THE EFFECTS OF :

SOCIAL CONTEXT

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE

SPEAKER AND THE ADDRESSEE ON

TRANSFER

INFLUENCE

Odlin (1989; 1990) NEGATIVE TRANSFER IS LESS LIKELY IN FOCUSED

CONTEXTS, WHERE THERE IS CONCERN TO MAINTAIN THE STANDARDNESS OF LANGUAGES, THAN IN UNFOCUSED CONTEXTS.

Le Page & Tabouret-Kellar (1985)

DISTINCTION BETWEEN FOCUSED AND UNFOCUSEDCONTEXT

MARKEDNESS

MARKED RULES

UNMARKED & MARKED RULES

CORE

PERIPHERY

CORE RULES

THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF GENERAL, ABSTRACT PRINCIPLES OF LANGUAGE STRUCTURE

(CHOMSKY & OTHER GENERATIVE LINGUISTS)

PERIPHERAL RULES

RULES THAT ARE NOT GOVERNED BY UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES; THEY ARE IDIOSYNCRATIC, REFLECTING THEIR UNIQUE HISTORICAL ORIGINS

PERIPHERAL RULES ARE MARKED.

PROTOTYPICALITY

Kellerman : prototypical meaning of a lexical meaning “breken”

Points out : standard & non standard varieties of the target language

There is interaction between natural tendencies and the native language

THANK YOU ....!