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8/17/2019 LAPORAN FOTOKIMIA REDUKSI ION BESI
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PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF ION IRON (III)
Semarang, 15th April 2016
A. ObjectiveStudy the iron (III) reduction as a result of photochemical reaction and understand their
application in blueprints
B. Basic Theo!
!hotochemical is part of the chemistry that studies the interactions bet"een atoms,
small molecules and light (or electromagnetic radiation) As "ell as other disciplines,
photochemical system using SI or metric units #nits and constants are often used include
the meter, second, hert$, %oules, moles, the gas constant &, and the constants 'ol$tmann All
units and constants is also part of the field of physical chemistry
Absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ionic species in solution reuires electrons
in the ion can moe from one energy leel to another Absorbed light must hae energy eual
to the difference and the energy leels in transition If the transition energy lies at
"aelengths of isible light, then the light component is absorbed and transmitted light "ill be
colored *ransmitted light color is the complementary color and the color is absorbed *he
rise of an electron from a lo" energy leel to a higher leel of lead absorption components of
"hite light and the light that is passed colors
Iron is the metal most, and belieed to be the chemical elements to the ten most
banya in nature A large amount of iron in the earth thought to contribute to the +arths
magnetic field Its symbol -e summary -errum .atin name for iron Iron is a metal produced
from iron ore, and rare in the free state In the industry, the iron produced from ore, mostly
hematite (-e2/), through reduction by carbon at a temperature of 20000
2 /2 3 2 /
/ -e2/ 3 2 -e /2
Iron produced can be used in the synthesis of compounds containing -e Some of the
comple4 compounds "ith -e central atom is
• -eIII (2,2bipryridine) (7!/) (72!/8)9
• omple4 : *;<9
• omple4 -e (II) r (III) /4alate
(!etrucci, 1=>=)
-e/, -e2/, and -e/8 almost as if lin?ed to its structure /4ygen atoms in all of the
configuration structure ccp in stoichiometric -e/ shaped o?tahidral all bound by the -e
atom, "hich gies the effect of ;al lattice of -e 2 da /2 omparison of these t"o ions in
their compounds is appro4imately 8>56@ &emoal of -e from in? Aridear and
replacement "ith t"o to three of the number -e gies -e/ in reduced iron sho" more
accurate data than the addition of o4ygen "hen the iron threefour aserrimeritan -e2 is
replaced by -e ions "ill form compound -e/8, and a spinel structure
(7eslop B &obinson, 1=6=)
8/17/2019 LAPORAN FOTOKIMIA REDUKSI ION BESI
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!hotochemical is the study of chemical reactions induced by light directly or indirectly
/rdinary thermal reaction that ta?es place in the dar? to obtain the actiation energy of the
photon absorption of light by the molecules *herefore this reaction proides the possibility of
high selectiity, "hich means that the energy of a uantum of light appropriate for the specific
reaction *he e4cited molecular electronic state and distribution of energy hae different
electron from the ground state, so that the different chemical properties !hotochemical
reaction is a chemical reaction caused by light or ultraiolet radiation Incoming photons areabsorbed by the reactant molecules generate e4cited molecules or molecules of free
radicals, "hich then react again In photochemical there are t"o basic la"s
According to the first la" of Crothus (1>1D) and Eraper (1>8), photochemical
change can only be brought about by the light absorbed &adiation that is not absorbed but
can push e4cited molecules to emit light *he second la" of photochemical proposed by
Star? and +instein (1=0>1=12) stated that the molecule absorbs the incoming light uantum
becomes actiated
(Alberty, 1=>8)
!rocessing blueprint is still ery rare, but the manufacturing process is usually ery
easy blueprint blueprint paper, coated "ith ammonium iron citrate and potassium ferisianida
that are sensitie to light *he imaging process is done on a light translucent fabric or paper
that "as placed on one sheet of paper blueprints and opened at a place illuminated by a
strong light .ight transform ammonium iron citrate salt into a compound of iron, then "hen
the paper soa?ed in "ater, salts of iron compounds react "ith potassium ferisianida to form a
deep blue solution "hich ma?es the paper become blue hemicals on paper protected from
light by a line of paper or dissole the image and result in paper or image to "hite *he
blueprint "as deeloped by emitting light on iron compounds In the "orld of photography
siler and halogen compounds undergo the change by light
('iddle, 1=8=)
According Syamsidar in his boo? !ractical Inorganic hemistry Introducing Fash
molding is the process to process the film shooting results to be negatie or positie film and
then printed Fash print consists of t"o steps, namely the "ashing process uses a chemical
solution and printing process using lightsensitie paper that illuminated a light through the
film that has been "ashed Fashprint or s?ills that are popular "ith the term blueprint can
be learned from the scientific aspects, namely from the point of electrochemical and
photochemical If the iron (II) is reacted "ith he4acyanoferrat (III) then formed a blue solution
*he magnitude of the effect of light on the reduction of iron (III) to iron (II) seems to fit theblue color density formed -rom this case, then it "as tested "ith the title of the
photochemical reduction of iron (III), "hich aims to study the reduction reaction of iron (III) in
photochemical and its utili$ation for studying blueprints
(Syamsidar,2012)
8/17/2019 LAPORAN FOTOKIMIA REDUKSI ION BESI
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C. E"#i$%e&t a&' Mateia
:aterial G
1 1: o4alic acid2 0,1: diammonium hidrofosfat Solution of iron (III) chloride 0,1:
8 7HS paper and tracing paper
5 0,1: hydrochloric acid solution6 Solution of -e(;)6 0,1:D Solution og 0,0 : 2r 2/D
> -ilter paper
=10 +uipment G
1 1 pieces bea?er glass 250ml2 !ipette
*"ee$ers8 hips of glass
8/17/2019 LAPORAN FOTOKIMIA REDUKSI ION BESI
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5D. Poce'#e
.
1
*.
+.
2
=
10
11
12
1
18
15
16
1D
1>
8
1=
20
21
22
2
28
25
26
2D
2>
5
Solution being kept in a dark
room (cupboard).
Solution made from mixture
of 10 mL of irom (III) chloride
0,5 M in 10 mL diammonium
hidrofofat 0,5 M in gla
Solution being tirred "ell in
dark roomSolution being added b# 10
mL of oxalic acid 1 M to a
olution of iron (III) chloride i
in the cupboard.
$upboard being cloed and
opened onl# "hen necear#.
all the paper immered
olutionbeing kept but doe
not damage the paper.
% heet of &'S paper taken
and dipped into the olution
in the cupboard.
hi tep being done in the
cupboard
paper remoed and placed
bet"een t"o *lter paper.
+ harper "ill be produced,o
the paper mut be dried for
one night.
aper being left bet"een the
t"o *lter paper for 10-15
minute o that the paper
become dr#.
+fter it "a dr#, the paper "a ued a a
Make the obect on tracing
paper "ith the black ink ormake obect "ith black
paper, for
8/17/2019 LAPORAN FOTOKIMIA REDUKSI ION BESI
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2=
0
6
1
2
D
8
5 >
6
D
>
=
80
81
E. Obsevatio& Data
82 &esult of /bseration G
1 olor of iron (II) chloride solution at first G orange or yello"bro"nish2 olor of diammonium hidrofosfat solution first G colorless solution olor of mi4ed solution G yello"8 olor of the solution plus a mi4ture of o4alic acid G yello"5 olor of paper after being immersed in the solution G light yello"6 !rintouts G
8
88
85
he obect "a placed on
eniti/ed paper and nip "ith
t"o piece of gla, then hitted
the unlight for %-5 minute.
all the paper immered "a
kept in the olution.
Seniti/ed paper that ha been
irradiate "ith light then dipped
into a olution of
hekaianoferrat ion III 0 1 M.
the paper "a remoed and dip
it in a dilute olution of
potaium dichromate (0,0 M).
hen the paper "a "ahed
"ith 100 ml of 0,1 M &$l
ollo"ed b# tap "ater and
let it dr# in atmophere.
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>1 *he last phase is "ashed "ith tap "ater sensitie paper by means
flo"ed slo"ly so sensitie paper does not tear It aims to eliminate e4cess 7l ions
and salts
>2
>
>8
>5
>6
(a) (b) (c)(a) It "as dipped in potassium he?sasianoferrat(b) It "as dipped in 2r/D
(c) It "as dipped in 7l
>D In this e4periment performed ariations of the time is for 15 minutes
and 20 minutes, both "ere irradiated "ith #H light Irradiation treatment 15 minutes
made for the ob%ect mar?ed LA#L and the pattern of loe in the middle or can be
called the (a) picture belo" Fhile the irradiation treatment for 20 minutes performed
for the ob%ect read LA:#L and patterns of loe (b picture belo") 7aing compared
the results of irradiation for 15 minutes and 20 minutes has a difference in their prints
Fherein the longer e4posure time (20 minutes) the printed image more clearly than
the irradiation time of 15 minutes *he relationship bet"een the length of e4posure
time "ith the appearance of the ob%ect is created, ie the longer the e4posure time, it is
possible the longer the time that is gien to reduce -e to -e2 , so that the blue
color can be seen more clearly *he "hite color in the bottom part of product isbecause "hen it "a irradiated "ith the #H light, one of the #H light is turn off So the
light can not spread oer all the paper
>>
>=
,-.
,.
,/.
,0.
,1.
(a) (b),2.
,.
3. Co&c#sio&
a. -e is reduced to -e2 "ith the help of sunlight "here this reaction produces a blue
color
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b. no"ing the influence of light on the process of photochemical reduction of iron (III) is
characteri$ed by the formation of turnbull blue color after the addition of potassium
he?sasianoferrat(III)c. *he longer the time gien to reduce -e to -e2, blue loo? more apparent
,*.H. Re4ee&ces
,+.
== Alberty, &A 1=>8 Thermodinamic of Biochemical Reaction ;e" MerseyG Mohn
Filey and Sons Inc
100 'iddle,7 1=8= Chemistry Today #SA G&and :calley and ompany101
102 7eslop,&' and &obinson !. 1=60 KInorganic Chemistry:A Guide for
Advance Study K, +lseer,Amsfer10
108 7S, Syamsidar 2011 Penunutun Practical Inorganic Chemistry
:a?assarG #I; !ress
105 !etrucci, 7&apl 1=>=. Inorganic Chemistry Holume 2 ;e" Nor?G
+rlangga
106
102.