LARGE CITIES LARGE CITIES UNDER UNDER STRESSSTRESS

CHALLENGES AND CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIES

Three distinct groupings of large city regions

A) National/Global Metropolises:1) The Greater Toronto/Oshawa Area 5.2 million2) The Greater Montreal Region 3.6 million 3) Greater Vancouver & the Fraser valley 2.3 million

B) Emerging National Centres: 4) Ottawa-Gatineau (ON-PQ) 1.2 million 5) Calgary and environs 1.1 million 6) The Edmonton Region 1.05 million

C) Mid-size Metropolitan Regions:7) Quebec City region 0.7 million8) Winnipeg region 0.7 million9) Hamilton region 0.7 million

LARGE CITIES LARGE CITIES UNDER UNDER STRESSSTRESS

CHALLENGES AND CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIES

Data Sources

1) Rankings exercises generated by private consultants, including magazine surveys

2) Data gathered by regional authorities or large municipal governments for the purpose of direct comparison with competing cities

3) Academic research on the nature of urbanization and globalization

4) Government and NGO sustainability indicator projects

EACCC’s Four Pillars of Sustainability

• Economic- prosperity & earnings, connectivity, innovation, business costs

• Social- quality of life measures, cost of living, education, health care

• Cultural- immigrant population, cultural infrastructure, cultural industries, city brand value

• Environmental- air quality, automobile dependence

GDP Rankings for Selected North American Cities, 2003

City GDP per capita (USD)

Rank (out of 26)

Boston 51,405 1

San Francisco 50,564 2

Toronto 36,002 22

Miami 33,123 23

Ottawa 32,370 24

Vancouver 29,833 25

Montreal 29,139 26

Source: CMM 2004

Business Costs for Selected Global Cities, 2004

City Cost Index (US avg =

100)

Rank (out of 98)

Quebec City 89.1 5

Edmonton 89.2 6

Adelaide 90.4 10

Winnipeg 90.5 11

Montreal 91.3 14

Calgary 91.4 15

Source: KPMG 2004

Business Costs for Selected Global Cities, 2004 (cont’d)

City Cost Index (US avg =

100)

Rank (out of 98)

Ottawa 92.0 17

Melbourne 92.1 18

Toronto 93.2 20

Vancouver 93.6 21

New York 109.8 91

London 115.1 93

Source: KPMG 2004

Quality of Life Rankingsfor Selected Global Cities, 2005

City Mercer HR ranking (out of

144)

EIU ranking (out of 127)

Geneva 1 2

Zurich 1 5

Vancouver 3 1

Vienna 3 2

Melbourne 16 2

Toronto 16 5

Ottawa 20 n/a

Montreal 22 5

Calgary 25 16Source: Mercer HR & EIU, 2005

Quality Rankingsfor Selected Universities, 2005

University Times Higher

(out of 200)

Shanghai Jiao Tong

(out of 500)

Harvard 1 1

M.I.T. 2 5

Cambridge 3 2

Stanford 5 3

McGill 24 61

U of Toronto 29 24

U.B.C. 38 36

McMaster 184 90

Source: Ince 2005; Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2005

Immigration Index Issuedfor Selected Global Cities, 2004

City Immigration Index

Ranking (out of 116)

New York 2.11 1

Toronto 1.92 2

Dubai 1.89 3

Los Angeles 1.79 4

Vancouver 1.08 7

Montreal 0.49 17

Calgary 0.30 23

Chicago 0.25 26

Ottawa 0.21 27

Edmonton 0.19 28Source: Benton-Short et al. 2004

Anholt-GMI City Brands Ranking,Selected Global Cities, 2005

Source: Anholt-GMI 2005

City Ranking (out of 30)

London 1

Paris 2

Sydney 3

Rome 4

New York 7

Toronto 12

Air Quality Rankings for Selected Global Cities, 2005

Source: Baldasano et al. 2003

City Particulate Matter (out of

108)

Nitrogen Oxide (out of

197)

Vancouver 1 160

Melbourne 5 6

Toronto 15 149

Paris 29 125

New York 38 175

London 61 145

Ottawa n/a 22

Montreal n/a 72

Transport Infrastructure Investment, EIU Top-Rated Cities, 1993-1997

Source: Scheurer et al. 2005

City Road : Public Transport Investment

Rank of Ratio (out

of 14)

Vienna 0.4 1

Sydney 1.5 2

Oslo 1.5 3

Melbourne 3.6 10

Toronto 4.2 11

Montreal 4.7 12

Vancouver 5.4 13

Geneva 7.9 14

LARGE CITIES LARGE CITIES UNDER UNDER STRESSSTRESS

CHALLENGES AND CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIES