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Larry Bettiga Viticulture Advisor
Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito Counties
Bunch Rot Disease Management
Grapevine Disease Control
• Pathogen biology
• Environmental factors
• Vine susceptibility factors
• Understanding how to optimize control tools
Which Rot? Botrytis rot
• Most common in coastal vineyards
• Botrytis cinerea
Summer/Sour Rot • More common in hotter
production areas of CA • A complex of several
organisms Aspergillus Alternaria Cladosporium
Rhizopus Penicillium
• Becomes sour when yeast and bacteria colonize the rot
Botrytis Bunch Rot Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis Germination and Infection
• Temperature range • 0-30 ºC (32-86 ºF) - can occur • 15-25 ºC (59-77 ºF) - broadly optimal • 18-20 ºC (64-68 ºF) - ideal
• Favored by the presence of free water • Can occur in the absence of water when
RH is above 93% for extended periods • Requires a nutrient source
Botrytis Bunch Rot Cycle
Overwintering Botrytis
Botrytis Spring Infections
Pinot Leaf Curl
Photo: M Longbottom, University of Adelaide
Points of Infection for Botrytis
Factors Critical in Botrytis Severity Pathogen factors
✓ Inoculum as influenced by sources within the vineyard
Vine factors ✓ Varietal susceptibility ✓ Cluster architecture ✓ Berry maturation ✓ Bunch crowding ✓ Canopy density ✓ Berry wounds
Environmental ✓ Weather (and time interval) between veraison and
harvest ✓ Microclimate in the fruit zone ✓ Practices that influence canopy density and berry
compaction
Bunch rot: Botrytis cinerea
Management Canopy management – trellis design; shoot
thinning, leaf removal and hedging Sanitation – removal of sclerotia Nutrient management Irrigation management Manage insect, powdery mildew, and bird
damage Fungicides – apply at the appropriate times
based on seasonal conditions
Optimum timing for leaf removal for Botrytis control
After fruit set is complete – Optimizes the wax development – Reduces sunburn risk – Improves spray coverage
Botrytis Bunch Rot, Chardonnay, 1989
Ratings 4 and 8 days following rain
Percent rotten clusters
Sept 21
Sept 25
Non-positioned
51
85
Positioned
12
71
Positioned-leafed
1
29
(Emmett et al. 1994)
Resistance
Dithane (M3)
Captan (M4)
Boscalid Fluopyram
(7)
Serenade Sonata
(44)
Elevate (17)
Topsin (1)
Phthalamides Hydroxyanilides
Benzimidazoles
Carbamates
Biological SDHI
Botrytis Fungicides for Grape
Rovral (2)
Dicarboximides Switch (9,12)
Inspire Super (3, 9) Luna Experience (3, 7) Luna Tranquility (7,9)
Pristine (7, 11)
Combination
Vangard Scala
(9)
Anilinopyrimidines
2011 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling Incidence Severity
Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters
% Rotten berries per
cluster Untreated Control - 56 a 6.1 a
Inspire Super 20 fl oz B, PC, V 34 b 3.5 b
Pristine 23 oz B, PC, V 29 bcd 1.5 bc
Vangard 10 oz B, PC, V 28 bcd 2.0 bc
Switch 14 oz B, PC, V 24 bcd 1.6 bc
Elevate 1 lb Serenade Max 2 lb
B PC, V
24 bcd 1.5 bc
Scala 18 fl oz B, PC, V 21 bcd 1.5 bc
Elevate 1 lb B, PC, V 18 cd 1.4 bc
Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, PC, V 16 d 1.0 c
2012 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling
Incidence Severity
Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters
% Rotten berries per
cluster Untreated Control - 58 a 14.4 a Rovral 1 lb + Stylet Oil 1% B, PC, V 60 a 13.3 a Vangard 10 oz B, PC, V 40 bcd 9.8 abc Pristine 23 oz B, PC, V 45 abc 9.2 abcd Inspire Super 20 fl oz B, PC, V 39 bcd 8.1 bcd
Elevate 1 lb B, PC, V 36 bcd 6.9 bcde Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, PC, V 36 bcd 4.2 de Merivon 8 fl oz Vangard 10 oz
B, V PC
27 de 4.2 de
Switch 14 oz B, PC, V 18 e 2.1 e
2013 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling Incidence Severity
Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters % Rotten berries per cluster
Untreated Control - 62 a 12.6 a Inspire Super 20 fl oz B, PC, V 45 abcd 7.6 bcd Vangard 10 oz B, PC, V 36 bcdefg 5.2 cdefgh Pristine 23 oz B, PC, V 34 bcdefg 4.9 cdefgh
Switch 14 oz B, PC, V 27 efg 3.3 efgh Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, PC, V 26 fg 3.2 efgh
Elevate 1 lb B, PC, V 24 g 2.9 fgh Luna Tranquility 16 fl oz B, PC, V 25 fg 2.4 gh Luna Tranquility 16 fl oz Serenade Optimum 1 lb
B, V PC
27 efg 2.3 h
2014 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling Incidence Severity
Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters % Rotten berries per cluster
Untreated Control - 92 a 20.4 a Taegro Eco 5.2 oz B, PC, V 74 b 12.6 b Serenade Optimum 1 lb B, PC, V 68 b 12.6 b Vangard 10 oz Elevate 1 lb
B, V PC
66 b 10.5 b
Regalia 2 qt B, PC, V 65 b 10.8 b Pristine 23 oz Elevate 1 lb
B, V PC
64 b 12.2 b
Botector B, PC, V 64 b 9.6 b Luna Exp 8fl oz/ Serenade Opt 1 lb/ Luna Tranquility 16 fl oz
B/ PC/ V 63 b 10.8 b
Switch 14 oz Taegro Eco 5.2 oz
B, V PC
61 b 8.9 b
Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, PC, V 58 b 9.0 b
2015 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling Incidence Severity
Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters % Rotten berries per cluster
Untreated Control - 16 a 1.30 a Fracture 24.4 fl oz / Vangard 10 oz / Elevate 1 lb
B/ V/ PC 9 b 0.61 b
Luna Tranquility 12 fl oz Serenade Optimum 1 lb
B, V PC
7 bc 0.42 b
Vangard 10 oz / Fracture 24.4 fl oz / Elevate 1 lb
B/ V/ PC 5 bc 0.42 b
Luna Tranquility 12 fl oz B, V, PC 5 bc 0.32 b Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, V, PC 5 bc 0.32 b Luna Tranquility 12 fl oz B, V, PC 4 bc 0.25 b Pristine 23 oz Switch 14 oz
B, PV V
4 bc 0.40 b
Vangard 10 oz B, PC, V 4 bc 0.24 b Luna Tranquility 16 fl oz B, PC, V 3 bc 0.16 b Elevate 1 lb B, PC, V 2 c 0.07 b
Your headline here in Calibri.Grapevine Disease ControlWhich Rot?Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Botrytis Germination and InfectionSlide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Pinot Leaf CurlSlide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Factors Critical in Botrytis SeveritySlide Number 15Slide Number 16Optimum timing for leaf removal for Botrytis controlBotrytis Bunch Rot, Chardonnay, 1989Slide Number 19ResistanceSlide Number 212011 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling2012 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling2013 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling2014 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling2015 Botrytis Evaluation - RieslingSlide Number 27