Late Middle AgesWAR!!!!

Agenda

• Intro to Section 5

• Small group activity

Late middle ages- problems again

1300-1500(ish) Another time of troubles

This time issues come from inside Europe.

War and the Growth of Nations

Kingdoms are becoming Nations- and beginning to feel Nationalism.

Willing to fight for more than king- for your country.

Leads to bigger wars

England vs. France- the 100 years war

1328 Capetian dynasty dies out- French nobles chose Philip of Flanders- but English king Edward III claims throne (reverse William the conqueror) and invades116 year war- 1337-1453 many generations

Siege warfare- 2 new weapons Longbow (armor) and cannon (castle) change fighting

Joan Of Arc

England does well at beginning

- 1415 they control 2/3 of France.

Turing point comes in 1429 w/a 14 year old peasant girl- who crowns Charles VII and rallies the French to fight

Captured by English and burned at the stake as a witch

Victory for France

English start to fall back, have overextended themselves, can’t remember WHY they are fighting.

1453 treaty signed- English keep only port of Calais.

Nobles have lost

power-French king

becomes very

powerful

England vs. England- the war of the Roses

1455-1471Angevin dynasty dies out.Civil war between house of York (white rose) and house of Lancaster (red rose) for thronePower goes back and forthRichard III (York) most famous king loses throne to house of Tudor in 1485

Spain

From 700-1000 ruled by Moors (Muslims) who allowed other faiths to worship freely“Reconquista” attempt by Christians to drive the Moors out 1000-1492.Spain had many small kingdoms- unified by marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile 1479.In some ways Spain “skips” middle ages- Muslims are enlightened rulersIn other ways they get stuck there- become religious fanatics with no tolerance for differences (inquisition)

The Church

Seriously weakened by the plague- Where was God? Why couldn’t the church stop the death?

As kings gain power (nationalism) popes lose it.

People start to ask questions- about the churches ideas and their role as leaders in society

The Babylonian Captivity 1309-1377

1309 Pope dies. Philip the fair decided to buy the position for a French Bishop.New pope (clement v) stays in Avignon France- so do next 6 (shows power of France)Seemed like the pope belonged to the king- and Avignon was famous for “unholy” activities.

The Great Schism

1377 pope dies in Avignon- king chooses a new one- Clement VII (king’s son)Italy refuses to accept- chose their own pope- Urban VIEurope is split- who is the real pope? Both popes excommunicate the other.Trying to end chaos- HRE chooses their own pope- Peter the Hermit1377 is the year of three popesBroke unity of the church

Challenging Church Power

The church no longer seems “perfect” and people start asking questions.

Kings say their power comes from God as well (divine right of kings)

New religious ideas start to appearJohn Wycliff- said the bible should be in vernacular so that anyone could read it for themselves.